Gurmat Gaaddi Raah - globalgurmat.com

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Bhai Madan Singh 

11, Apolloway, Perry Barr., 

BIRMINGHAM B20 3ND (U.K.) 

Tele : 0121-356-7070 


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GURMAT GÀDI RÀH 

(Bharm Bhulekhian da Hall) 

by 

Madan Singh 

11, Apolloway, Perry Barr., 

BIRMINGHAM B20 3ND (U.K.) 

Tele : 0121-356-7070 

© Author 

ISBN : 1-901363-93-7 

First Edition :May 2009 

Second Edition :November 2010 

Can also be had from 

SINGH BROTHERS 

BAZAR MAI SEWAN, 

AMRITSAR -143006 

Tel : 0183-2545787 

Publishers : 

DTF Publishers & Distributors 

117 SOHO ROAD 

HANDSWORTH 

BIRMINGHAM B21 9ST 

Tel : 0121-515 1183/551-7898 

www.dtfbooks.com 

e-mail : info@dtfbooks.com 

Printed at : 

PRINTWELL 

146, Industrial Focal Point, 

Amritsar. 

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15 

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18 epiqda Z.Vrjs ejcg ijh 

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20 


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21 

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22 


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l' dwRp q>sj bjtgb{ duap u.qdh ijujV mm \f>Vj 473| 

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uJsg h{ m f>DdcaJ rJe hg bt>c fjngbJ sg rg dHw L+[Sg WS eHg 


23 

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h{ a[ wgaj wijdHbj bt>c fjn rg dH>cgbj a'G dHdahjlw epispbjdibJ 

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\f>Vj 250| 

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wghsj fjSghji h{ m 

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24 


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Npw uJsj h{ m 

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\y.cgeC% lf'wlq{V@ bf+{v 2003|

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26 


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qHg spie hV@ f+>aP dHh fdr,ai l'q[_ZdCbJ wjiS ba[ ljZJ s[ 



27 

wiq~wJcg ba[ qVqag ipygbJ wjiS r.c[ uj ih[ hV m v'F vjvy ba[ 

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b>Ddq+ali@ bwaPWi 2002 s[ b>w dry lisji aiv'yV dl>z dcfBg 


28 


y[biq{V@ z,B~deSag wdqLV sj v[t Adfbj h{ m v[t sj h{dc>e h{ 

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l.fB fjn 

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29 

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30 


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dfzvg Wi` a'G WdSbj fjSg h'S wiw[ Whpa hg lj` a[ n.cj h{ m IjaiP 

fdhvJ fhp.y w[ dHl[ Ngv dry dHLVjV wis[ hV@ dxi epispbjij ljdhW 

s[ siLV sgsji[ wi w[ bjadqw bV.s sj hpvjij qjSs[ hV m dHl 

Ngv sj z[ij dHw qgv a'G d;bjsj h{ m lqp>si a'G 15200 `p,B RpKyg 

ue%j $a[ lpL'dFa h{ m yji[ fjl[ Wi` Vjv TwgbJ fhjCgbJ dHw Whpa 

hg dsv~dt,yrJ V;jij f[L wisgbJ hV m dHl Ngv sj fjSg Vsg sj 

iPf Zji w[ h[nJ resj uJsj h{ m fjSg s[ qZpi l.ega a'G dWVJ w'Hg 



37 

bjrj; VhgG hp.sg m dHaV[ RpKy[ blojV $a[ dwl[ f+jSg uJ f>Ag sj idhSj 

Whpa wnV h{ m LjdHs IjaiP dHl[ wiw[ hg siLV dHLVjV wi w[ xBjxB 

rjfl qpCV sg wis[ hV m dwl[ lq[G dHl blojV $a[ f,oiJ sj WdSbj 

dHw A'Bj duhj wqij hp.sj lg m lpSs[ hJ@ hpS Whpa r,cg dWvdc.e WS 

yp,wg h{ m hrj sj sWjY z,B h'S wiw[ Whpa z,B l.eaJ Rpfi i{S Wl[ij 

wisgbJ hV m Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v h{ dw dHh blojV 1932 dry 

f+eB wgaj debj m dHl a'G fdhvJ dwl[ rg dHdahjl dry dHl sj epiP 

blojV wiw[ d;wi VhgG bjdHbj m 

bjdtbj uJsj h{ dw h[qwp.B blojV $a[ slr[G fjaLjh epiP e'dW>s 

dl>z ljdhW V[ bjfS[ dfAv[ uVq dry z'i af,Ddlbj ljZg lg m dHl 

ue%j $a[ lojfa epispbjij ljdhW s[ siLV~sgsji[ wiV vHg h;jiJ 

sg deSag dry hi ljv dl,t l.eaJ sPi~spi[dcRpG fp,usgbJ hV m f+s[lJ 

dr,Dy'G rg b,u~w,v% u,DdobJ s[ iPf dry hrjHg uhj;J ijhgG b,fC ihgbJ 

hV m Bi{rv H[u.lgbJ l.eaJ vHg T'bj TpbjHg wiw[ #Vjv[ fp>V Vjv[ 

xvgbJ$ sg whjra bVplji fPij fPij vjF Rpnj ihgbJ hV m LjdHs 

dHh bdawoVg VhgG h'r[eg u[wi bjtJ dw dHh ue%j Whpa f+dl,Zg hjlv 

wi yp,wg h{ m bisjl dry l+g siWji ljdhW s[ siLV dHLVjV sg 

IjyVj s[ Vjv Vjv l+g h[qwp.B rg Ljqv wgaj ujS v,e dfbj h{ m 

Wdy,a= VjBw sgbJ Rpfi dvtgbJ apwJ a'G f+Fjdra h' w[ qhJwrg 

FjHg l.a't dl>z ug V[ lPiu f+wjL sg ijl debjiJ \11| b>l 51-53 

dry dHl ai%J dvdtbj h{ ^ ldaupe dry s[rdabJ sg lhjdHaj vHg 

spiej FrjVg us'G 90 fsq s{GaJ } qji w[ o,w eHg a[ h[qwp.Bg fhjCJ 

dry bv'f h' eHg@ as W[v ba[ lpW[v Vjq s[ s{Ga bjfSg l{Vj lq[a 

spiej } TP.cS dVwv[ m dHw W+jhqS af,lrg a'G Rpl Wji[ fp,DdAbj m 

af,lrg s[ Vj s,lS $a[ Rpl } qjiV s"C[ m af,lrg V[ Qp,Dl[ dry bjfS[ 

L[i rjvg t,v rjv[ bjlS } NjdCbj m bjlS dry'G dHw r,c[ a[u rjvj 

qVp,t f{sj h'dHbj ba[ Rph h;jiJ ljv s{GaJ Vjv Ip,Z wisj dihj m 

b>a s{Ga qji ds,a[ m vpwg h'Hg s[rg dxi f+eB h'Hg m ri ds,aj@ aP. q[ig 

qss wgag h{@ qja~v'w dry q{G a[ig qss wiJeg m a[i[ yji W,y[ h'Se[ m 

aP. RphVJ Vjv q'h Vj wigG m x[i s[rg V[ Rpl qVp,t } spLB sqV sj 

Vjq ds,aj a[ bjdtbj dw aP. L[i sg t,v dr,Dy'G uVdqbj h{G@ dHl vHg 

a[i[ f>o sj Vjq ?jvlj h'r[ej m dxi Rpl spLB sqV } af,Ddlbj wiV 

ba[ dyi.ugr h'S sj ri ds,aj ba[ Rpl } \spLB sqV| } y,BS v,e 

fHg dur[G dw eJ W,A[ } y,Bsg h{ m 

dH>u FejRpag bv'f h' eHg m spLB sqV FejRpag spiej sg 


38 


bjdebj fjvS dha af wisj dihj m af wis[ lq[G Rphs[ dli $a[ 

v.qgbJ v.qgbJ uBJ lV m ligi'G VeV a[ b,tJ W.s lV m Rpl V[ dVijhjig 

ba[ q'V Zji w[ uvhgS WS dry bl.tJ ri[% bduhg af,Ddlbj wgag 

dw ligi lp,w debj a[ w[rv h,cgbJ hg WygbJ m b>a bwjv fpit V[ 

bjfS[ l[rwJ ijhgG dWWjS F[u w[ spLB sqV } bjfS[ w'v WpvjdHbj 

ba[ N'vg dry dWnj w[ WC[ dfbji Vjv Rpl sj q,oj yp.dqbj ba[ 

qja~v'w dry ujS vHg dwhj m 

irjvli rjvj h[qwp.B 

Wdy,a= VjBw dry siu WjSg ba[ FjHg l.a't dl>z sg 

qV'~wvdfa whjSg V[ debjVg njwi dl>z \b>Ddq+ali rjv[| s[ dhis[ 

} Bp.dWbj m RphVJ irjvli vje[ l,a RpKygbJ fhjCgbJ } v,F w[ 

lfadl+>e sj Vjq s[ w[ f+yjiVj LpiP wi ds,aj m v'wJ sg bjrjujHg 

LpiP h' eHg m f+>aP drsrjV f>Ddca ajij dl>z Vi'aq V[ dHl ue%j } 

Qva ljWa wi w[ h[qwp.B } spLB sqV sg af,Ddlbj rjvg blvg 

ue%j s,l w[ qLhPi wi ds,aj m 1936 dry l.a l'hS dl>z ug BgC%g 

eC%rjv rjdvbJ V[ dHl blojV $a[ A'Bj duhj epispbjij Rplji w[ 

l.eaJ dry f+yji wiVj LpiP wi ds,aj dw blv af'WV blojV dHh' 

hg h{ m FjHg rgi dl>z ug sg wvq s[ ujsP V[ dHl blojV } dl,tJ 

sj L+'qSg agio WSj ds,aj m 

duo{ ujdH Wh{ q[ij ldaepiP l' ojVp lphjrj ijq iju[ mm 

\f>Vj 450| 

aoj ^ 

duo{ WjWj f{i Zdi fPuj bjlSp ojfdS l'bj mm 

\FjHg episjl ug@ rji 1@ fRpCg 27| 

hpS ldaepiP fjaLjh sg A'h f+jfa wi yp,wg ue%j epiP s[ dl,t 

vHg ldawjiI'e WS uJsg h{ m dHl a'G dHvjrj epiP e+.o ljdhW sj duo[ 

dwa[ rg f+wjL h{@ Rph blojV rg ljc[ vHg epispbjij WS uJsj h{@ 

duo[ blgG d;>seg s[ i,o } y,vsj i,tS vHg l[ZJ v{Gs[ hJ m f+>aP 

dHdahjlw a[ bjq epispbjij ljdhW sg dWvdc>e dry Whpa r,cj b>ai 

h{ m dHdahjlw ue%j Vjv dl,t w"q sj drilj updCbj h'dHbj h{ m b{lg 

ue%j sj qV dry d?bjv bjMdsbJ hg dl,t bjfS[ epiP ljdhWjV a[ 

rc[dibJ sgbJ wgagbJ wpiWjVgbJ } Ijs wisj h{ m dHl vHg ;iPig 

h{ dw dHl ue%j sg l,yjHg Wji[ fPig t'u wgag ujr[ m 



39 

FjHg ljdhW FjHg l.a't dl>z ug wiaj lPiu f+wjL \dvta Rpfi 

s[ yp,w[ hJ|@ FjHg rgi dl>z ug wiaj wvegZi yqawji a[ f>Ddca 

ajij dl>z ug Vi'aq wiaj epi agio l.e+dh ug V[ bjfS[ bjfS[ aigw[ 

Vjv h[qwp.B sg qdhqj dWbjV wgag h{ m f>o dry dHh RpKy~ w'Bg s[ 

dvtjig a[ Wp,Zgugrg q>V[ uJs[ hV m f+>aP dHhVJ epiP l.rjdibJ sgbJ 

dvtaJ a[ svgvJ epiP e'dW>s dl>z ljdhW ug sg bjfSg iyVj ba[ 

epiP e+.o ljdhW sg lqp,yg WjSg@ dul } slq fjaLjh V[ epiP e,sg $a[ 

dWijuqjV wgaj@ $a[ fPig ai%J VhgG q[v tJsgbJ m 

##debjV epiP bjaq Rpfs[lhp$$@ sj qhjV Rpfs[L epiP e'dW>s dl>z 

ug V[ bjfS[ ?jvl[ } ds=C% wirjdHbj ba[ dHh Rps[L epiP e+.o ljdhW 

ug s[ qPv dl,ZJa sg f+'C%aj wisj h{ m dvdtbj h{ ^ 

bwvg ljdhWp l[rgb{@ bwvg fjHgb{ qjVp mm 

bwvg fdC© w{ WpNgb{@ bwvg wgy{ sjVp mm \f>Vj ÉÊÌÍ| 

dWW[w Wp,Zg WQ{i a[ b>Zg bwgsa s[ r,l h' w[ wga[ w.q Wji[ epis[r 

ug ajCVj wis[ hV ^ ##VjVwp bjt{ ijhp H[hp h'di evJ l{ajVp mm$$ 

epiqda bVplji dWf+ga Ziq blojVJ sg Ijaij drridua h{ m 

dli` epi~blojVJ sg Ijaij@ bjfS[ dril[ a[ dHdahjl Vjv upC[ idhS 

vHg epiqda bVpwPv lqNg uJsg h{ m #Wdy,a= VjBw$ Wji[ f+yjdibj uJsj 

h{ dw slq fjaLjh sg iyVj h{ m h[qwp.B af'WV Wji[ dHl[ WjSg dry 

d;wi bjMsj h{ m dHl[ vHg h[qwp.B fiWa $a[ epiP e'dW>s dl>z ljdhW 

ug s[ dfAv[ uVq dry af blojV h'S wiw[ dHh Ijaij l.eaJ dry 

dt,y sj wjiV WS ihg h{ m bjY ) dHl Wji[ rg dryji wigH[ m 

ljc[ Whpa lji[ drsrjVJ V[ bjfSg lPN qpajdWw #qhJwjv wjvwj 

bijZg$@ dr,Dy'G qhJwjv sj bio Ws'Wsg #wjvJ sj wjv$ borj bwjv 

fpit wiV sj IaV wgaj h{@ usdw #Wdya= VjBw$ dry qhJwjv sj 

liPf dHl ai%J dWbjdVbj h{ ^ ##qhJwjv s[ t,DW[ h,o dry ZVp,t ba[ r,cg 

Fjig dwifjV vBwsg h{ m v.qgbJ v.qgbJ sjhCJ Vjv h;jiJ ugr yWj 

uJsj h{ m f{iJ dry zp>eiPbJ sg ASwji@ yji WjhJ@ dli $a[ uPCj@ h,oJ 

$y esj ba[ fjl \njig| h{ m r,cgbJ r,cgbJ b,tJ@ lPiu sgbJ dwiVJ 

} vdu,a wisgbJ hV m LijW fg w[ qlag dry eCP.s h{ ba[ Rpu{V 

dry dHl sj q>si h{ m$$ dxi Rpl[ qhJwjv Wji[ b,e[ uj w[ `piqjdHbj 

h{ dw ##adh hq bdZw af,Ddlbj ljZg mm qhjwjv wjdvwj bijZg mm$$ 

ba[ dxi y"Zr[G bdZbjdH dry epiP fjaLjh s[ qp,Dt'G dHl } h'i f,wj 

dHl ai%J wgaj h{ ^ 


40 


liW wjv h{ dfaj hqjij mm 

s[dW wjdvwj qja hqjij mm 

qVPbj epi qpdi qVlj qjHg mm 

duV q' w' lpF d*bj fC%jHg mm5mm14mm \Wdy,a= VjBw| 

Fjr~bio dHh h'dHbj dw qhJwjv q[ij dfaj h{ m wjvwj q[ig qjaj 

h{@ qV q[ij epiP h{ ba[ q{G Rpl s[ ila[ $a[ y,vsj hJ ba[ LpF wiq 

wisj hJ m Rpfivg rjiaj epiqda s[ qp,Tv[ dl,ZJa Vjv dwl[ ai%J rg 

q[v VhgG tJsg m epi `piqjV h{ ^ 

qV wg qda dabjehp hdi uV hpwqp WPdN lptp fjHgb{ i[ mm 

\f>Vj 209| 

dHl vHg qV } epiP sg fsrg s[Sg r,cg qVqa h{ m qV Wji[ 

epiP slr[G fjaLjh sj dHh woV ws[ rg VhgG h' lwsj m Whpa lji[ 

drsrjV Wdy,a= VjBw } slq fjaLjh sg WjSg VhgG q>Vs[ m dHh e,v 

RphVJ sg ngw hg ujfsg h{ m lPiu f+wjL dry FjHg l.a't dl>z ug 

V[ Whpa wpN qV'~wvdfa hg dvdtbj h{ m Whpa ljigbJ whjSgbJ 

epi~dHdahjl a'G w'lJ sPi hV m epiqda wl"Bg $a[ fidtbJ rg dHh 

whjSgbJ dViqPv ljWa hp.sgbJ hV m 

R| dqljv s[ a"i $a[ spLB sqV sj Vjq epiP slr[G fjaLjh Vjv 

bjf ug V[ hg u'dCbj m Wdy,a= VjBw uJ h'i dwZi[ dHdahjl uJ dqdohjl 

dry VhgG dqvsj m 

b| s[rg } liW Lwag s[ iPf dry f[L wgaj h{ a[ dr>e[ B[T[ 

aigdwbJ Vjv dl,tJ } s[rg sg fPuj wiV vHg f+[dibj debj h{ m usdw 

slq fjaLjh sj `piqjV h{ - ##ujea u'da uf{ dVl Wjlpi H[w dWVj 

qV V{w V bjV{ mm$$ epiP e+.o ljdhW dry rg bV[w ojHgG s[rg s[rdabJ 

sg fPuj t>cV wi w[ dHw bwjv u'da Vjv upCV vHg Rpfs[L ds,aj 

debj h{ m 

H| qja~v'w dry ?jvl[ sj uVq dHw s[rg s[ ri Vjv h'dHbj 

dvtSj ef"C VhgG aJ h'i wg h{ ( usdw epiP ljdhW ug `piqjMs[ hV ^ 

##f+edBY ?jvlj f+qjaq wg q"u mm$$ 

l| spLB sqV V[ bl.tJ ri[% hnI'e ijhgG af wgaj m hnI'e rg 

epiqda bVplji drridua h{ m 

h| bwjv fpit sj iPf dqdobj debj h{ usdw slr[G fjaLjh 

`piqjMs[ hV m \y,* dyhV bip WiV ujda bip fjda VdhV duh mm iPf 

i.e bip i[t F[t w'RP wdh V lwda dwh mm| aoj epiPWjSg_##iPfp V i[t 



41 

V i.ep dwAp da=hp epS a[ f+F dF>V mm daldh WpNjH[ VjVwj dulp h'r{ 

lpf+l.V mm$$ \lptqVg ljdhW@ f>Vj 283| m 

f>Ddca ajij dl>z ug Vi'aq dHl ue%j } f+eB wiV rjv[ bjf 

lVjaVg d?bjvJ s[ lV ba[ hi ljv Wsig Vjo sg Ijaij $a[ ujdHbj 

wis[ lV m bjf sg hRpq{ } f,n[ fjRpS vHg dHl blojV } slq[L 

dfaj ug s[ Vjq Vjv u'C ds,aj m 

lisji f+ajf dl>z b{q!b{Kv!H[! a[ lisji bF{ dl>z $a[ dViFi 

t'ug Bgq V[ bjf dHl blojV $a[ fhp.y w[ \l.a| l'hS dl>z Vjv e'LBg 

wgag@ f+>aP l'hS dl>z ug Vj aJ 7 y'BgbJ deS lw[ a[ Vj hg z'Cg 

fiWa duo[ fJcP iju V[ u'e wgaj lg@ ljWa wi lw[ m bjV[ WhjV[ 

wiw[ Bjv A,Ddcbj m wpN dyi Wjbs da>V wp qgv h'i RpKyj uj w[ Vgvj 

?jvlHg N.cj Npvj ds,aj a[ dwhj debj dw dHh spLB sqV sj af 

blojV h{ duo[ n.c a[ bjwlguV sg zjB wiw[ bjq l.ea VhgG fhp.y 

lwsg m 

FjHg vdhSj ug epiP VjVw fjaLjh ug sg LiV bjRpS a'G fdhvJ 

r{LV' s[rg s[ Fea lV ba[ hi ljv Ijaij $a[ uJs[ lV m wiq~wJc 

rg ;iPi wis[ h'Se[ m dHh e,v epiP b>es fjaLjh s[ dHl[ uVq sg 

h{ m dfAv[ uVq sg e,v aJ wvupeg ugrJ vHg bSh'Sg h{ m wg blgG 

rg r{LV' s[rg sg fPuj wiVg LpiP wi s[HgH[( ljcj lW.Z FjHg vdhSj 

ug Vjv epiP b>es s[r ug s[ iPf dry hg LpiP hp.sj h{ m dHl[ ai%J epiP 

bqisjl ug epiP b>es s[r ug sg l.ea dry bjRpS a'G fdhvJ e.ej 

dHLVjV vHg ujdHbj wis[ lV m dHh e,v rg epiP bqisjl ug s[ dHl[ 

uVq sg hg h{ m aJ a[ blgG rg e.ej dHLVjV wiV ujHgH[( epispbjij 

rg epiP bqisjl ug s[ agio dHLVjV sj WSVj yjhgsj h{ m u[ VhgG 

aJ dl,Bj dHh dVwdvbj dw u[wi slr[G fjaLjh V[ bjfS[ dfAv[ uVq 

dry af wgaj rg h'r[ aJ rg h[qwp.B rjvg ue%j dl,tJ vHg dHdahjlw 

epi-blojV VhgG h' lwsg m 

qhjijuj iSuga dl>z V[ wHg dHdahjlw epispbjdibJ sgbJ 

dWvdc>eJ LjVsji RpljigbJ@ ujegiJ rg Vjq vpbjHgbJ m h[qwp.B 

riaqjV blojV wLqgi s[ dHvjw[ dry f{Gsj@ qhjiju[ sg lvaVa 

sj hg dh,lj lg@ f+>aP Vj aJ qhjijuj iSuga dl>z } epispbjij lojdfa 

wiV sg lp,Ng a[ Vj hg dwl[ drsrjV V[ lvjh ds,ag m fi b,u~w,v% 

h[qwp.B fiWa s[ RpfjdLw wHg qVzCa whjSgbJ zC w[ l.eaJ } 

epi bjL[ a'G ep.qijh wi ih[ hV m wHg bjts[ hV dw dHl ue%j $a[ b,Zg 

ija Wjbs epiP fjaLjh bjfSj siWji vjMs[ hV m wHg bjts[ hV 


42 


dw f+a,t bwjvg u'a s[ siLV hp.s[ hV m wHg bjts[ hV dw b,Zg ija 

} s[ra[ dHl Ngv dry dHLVjV wiV bjMs[ hV m du>V[ qP>h YVgbJ 

e,vJ@ f+>aP dHw e,v lJNg h{ dw dHhVJ whjSgbJ s[ s,lS rjdvbJ s[ 

ugrV dry w'Hg fvBj VhgG bjdHbj s[dtbj debj m 

blvgba wg h{ ( W+jhqSrjs l.lwji ljcj tdhCj VhgG A,cs[ m 

epiWjSg l[ZJ ds>sg h{@ f+>aP bvPSg dl,v w"S y,DB[ ( bjq ljZjiS W.sj 

ypBwg qji w[ w.q ljiVj yjhp.sj h{ m dHl vHg W+jhqSg wiq~wJcJ s[ 

ujv dry xl w[ bjfS[ blv[ } Fpvj w[ ?pbji h' dihj h{ m Vwv qji 

w[ epiP sj l,yj dl,t WSV sj IaV wisj h{ m e.ej sg ue%j fajvfpig 

ba[ W+jhqSJ sg ue%j f>u FjHgbJ } f+Ljsj Awj w[ sjVg WSsj h{ m 

blvg agio epiP s[ dl,tJ vHg Vjq dlqiV hg h{ m epiP `piqjV h{ ^ 

agido VjrS ujRp agiop Vjqp h{ mm \f>Vj ÎÐÏ| 

Wjwg lF x'wB wiq hV ^ 

wiq Ziq fjt>c u' sgldh daV uqp ujejag vPB{ mm 

dViWjS wgiaVp ejrhp wia[ wj dVqt dlqia duap APB{ mm 

\f>Vj 747| 

dHh' hg epiqda ejcg ijh ]m 


\s[l fis[l@ 19!7!1991|

dHw h'i ?aij _ldhuZjig f+oj 

dl,t Ziq sgbJ lB[uJ $a'G epiqpt@ epidl,t@ fdaa a[ ldhuZjig 

LWsJ sg ria'G ejdh~Wejdh ljc[ w.Vk f{Gsg idh>sg h{ m wHg ue%j 

b>DdDq+aZjig ba[ W[b>Ddq+aZjig drdLbJ $a[ F,trgbJ WdhlJ s[ v,e[ btjC[ 

rg r[tS lpSV dry bjH[ hV m Fjiag WBrji[ a'G fdhvJ z,B r,Z hg 

dHh' duh[ qlv[ dACs[ lV m LjdHs dHw wjiV dHh rg h' lwsj h{ dw 

f,Aqg f>ujW dry qplvqjVJ sg WhpdeSag h'dHbj wisg lg ba[ dHh 

v'w dh>sPbJ } wjì lqN w[ spiwjis[ a[ wHg r[iJ uWi wiV $a[ rg 

ap,v f{Gs[ lV m uWi s[ Bjwi[ vHg dl,tJ sj drLrjl du,aS vHg ba[ 

dHV%J F'v[ fjaLjhJ } wpiWjVg sj W,wij WSjRpS vHg dh>sPbJ V[ 

ldhuZjig f+oj } firjdVbj m 

1947 s[ `ljsJ dry du>Vj dl,t w"q sj qjvg a[ ujVg VpwljV 

h'dHbj@ LjdHs h'i dwl[ w"q sj VhgG h'dHbj m epiZjqJ a'G rg drA'C[ 

eH[ m dl,t w"q } dlvj wg dqdvbj ( bj;jsg vHg wpiWjVgbJ wiV 

rjdvbJ } uijdHq~f[Lj w"q a[ lqJ Wsv debj h{_wdh w[ 

Bjdvbj debj m 

epiqpt uJ epidl,t 

epiqpt uJ epidl,t s[ Fjr~bio dH,Dw' duh[ hg hV m qhjV w'L 

s[ wiaj FjHg wjV% dl>z V[ epiqpt s[ bio l`j 418 $a[ dHl ai%J 

wga[ hV ^ 

l.debj_ldaepi sj qp,t@ epiP sj dyhij@ Rph fpit u' epiP s[ 

l.qpt h{@ ws[ W[qpt VhgG hp.sj m 

epiqpt LWs sg ria'G epiWjSg dry Whpa rjig epiP ljdhWjV 

V[ bjf wgag h{ m 

aoj ^ 

epiqpdt r{i dri'Z erjr{ mm 

epiqpdt levg eSa dqBjr{ mm \f>Vj 942| 


44 


epiqpdt i'dq i'dq hdi dZbjr{ mm 

VjVw epiqpdt ljdy lqjr{ mm \f>Vj 941| 

epiqpdt dqvgb{ qVqpdt drApi{ epiqpdt dWdZ f+eBjH[ ugRp mm 

\f>Vj 131| 

dHl[ ai%J epidl,t v`; rg Whpa r[iJ epiWjSg dry bjMsj h{ m 

aoj ^ 

so isKu sKw bµDpu hY BweI ij gur ky Bwxy ivic AwvY ] 

AwpxY BwxY jo clY BweI ivCuiV cotw KwvY ] 

\l'idn q^ Ë@ f>Vj 601| 

aoj ^ 

gur siqgur kw jo isKu AKwey su Blky auiT hir nwmu iDAwvY ] 

\q^ Ì@ f>Vj 305| 

aoj ^ 

jy ko isKu gurU syqI snmuKu hovY ] 

hovY q snmuKu isKu koeI jIAhu rhY gur nwly ] 

\bV.sp ljdhW@ f>Vj 919| 

FjHg episjl ug bjfSgbJ rjiJ dry epidlt sg drbjdtbj 

wis[ dvts[ hV ^ 

wpiWjSg daVj epidltj b>Ddq+ap r[v{ ldi Vjr.s[ mm 

wpiWjSg daVj epi dltj hpdH dHw qdV epi ujfp uf>s[ mm 

\rji 12@ fRpCg 2| 

lji[ ZiqJ sgbJ Zjidqw fplawJ dry epiP a[ y[vj ba[ epiP ZjiV 

sg drZg Wji[ Whpa wpN dvdtbj dqvsj h{ m dl,t Ziq dry epiP sgtLa 

h'S sj bjfSg hg dwlq sj dVijvj T.e h{ m ldaepiJ s[ qpajdWw ^ 

gur mMq® hIxs´ jo pRwxI iDRgMq jnm B®stxh ] 

kUkrh sUkrh grDBh kwkh srpnh quil Klh ] \f>Vj 1356| 

FjHg episjl s[ v`;J dry ##yiV Z'dH ihijdl wdi yiSjdq+ap 

dltJ fgvjdHbj m$$ dHh sgtLa wiV sj aigwj V"G fjaLjhgbJ a,w 

y,vsj dihj m f+>aP slq fjaLjh epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ t>c[ WjB[ sg 

fjhpv sg qiIjsj a'ig m Fjr[G u.e a[ upeag epiP VjVw fjaLjh rjvg 

hg ihg ^ 

fgrhp fjhpv t>c[Zji hpdH uVq lph[vj mm 

epi l.eda wgVg tjvlj qVqptg sph[vj mm 

rjh rjh e'dW>s dl>z bjf[ epi y[vj mm 


\FjHg episjl sPuj@ rji 41@ fRpCg 1|

45 

L.wjrjsg L.wj wi lws[ hV dw dHh s' aigw[ epi~sgdtbj s[ 

dwM f+yva h'H[@ us dw ##dHwj WjSg dHwp epip dHw' lWsp rgyjdi$$ 

epiqda sj qPv dl,ZJa h{ m dWW[w Wp,Zg Vjv dryji wgdabJ L.dwbJ 

s[ W,sv xB uJs[ hV a[ ls sg dViqv dwiV Vjv hi fjl[ debjV 

iPfg yjVS sj fljij h'dHbj V;ik bjrS v,e f{Gsj h{ m epiP VjVw 

sj qda h{ dw epiP u'da h{@ ligi VhgG ba[ epiP LWs h{@ drbwag VhgG m 

##lWsp epiP lpida ZpdV y[vj mm$$ \f>Vj 943| slr[G fjaLjh V[ aJ dHl 

l+[LB dryji } l.fPiSaj W?Lg@ Fjr epdibjHg LWs epiP e+.o@ f>o dha 

bF[s wiV Vjv hg lf,LB wgaj dw ^ 

fPuj bwjv wg@ 

fiyj lWs wj@ 

sgsji tjvl[ wj m 

dHl f+ojdH c.VwV eigVv{l 1981 dry bjfSg dvtg fplaw 

Gospal of Guru Granth Sahib l`j 35 $a[ dvtsj h{ ^ ##w'Hg dwl ai%J 

dl,t WS lws{( u[ Rph epiP ljdhW dry fPiV drLrjl sj b{vjV wi[ 

ba[ bwjv fpit } bjaq lqifS wi[ m t>c[ sj b>Ddq+a Aw[ ba[ f>u 

wwjiJ sj ZjiVg h'r[ m idhaVjdqbJ sg qiIjsj sg fjvSj wi[ m$$ b,e[ 

l`j 36 $a[ dvtsj ] dw epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ dl,tg dryjiZjij dwM 

Wsv ds,ag ( dHl Wji[ dvtsj h{ ^ ##blv dry epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ 

w'Hg ?jl aWsgvg VhgG wgag m fi dl,tJ $a[ bdabjyjiJ s[ lq[G dl,tJ 

dry Whjsig FiV vHg RphVJ Wjhiv[ dy>V% lojfa wga[ duV%J s[ wjiV 

dl,tJ V[ Whpa LhgsgbJ ds,agbJ ba[ bjfS[ Ziq s[ bVq'v ?;jV[ } 

dh>sP ba[ dHlvjqg qa dry u;W VhgG h'S ds,aj m$$ 

dl,t Ziq dry b>Ddq+a AwS s[ bdFvjLg } epiP e+.o ljdhW sg 

hj;ig dry f>u epiP dfbjdibJ s[ lVqp,t bjfS[ bjf } lqifS wiVj 

f{Gsj h{ m AjSWgS wiV Rpfi.a f>u epiP dfbji[ yvg bj ihg f+>fij 

bVplji f>u WjSgbJ fC% w[ t>c[ WjB[ sj b>Ddq+a dabji wis[ hV ba[ 

b>Ddq+a AwS s[ bdZwjig } b>Ddq+a AwJs[ hV m dxi Rph f+jSg epidl,t 

btrjRpS sj bdZwjig WS uJsj h{@ Fjr b>Ddq+aZjig dl,t epiP ?jvl[ 

sj b>e WS uJsj h{ ^ 

epi sgdtbj v{ l'dH dltp lsjdHbj mm 

\FjHg episjl ug@ rji Ë@ fRpCgÉÉ| 

Rpfi.a epiP fjaLjh sgbJ blglJ sj fjai WS uJsj h{ ^ 

?jvlj q[i' iPf h{ ?jl mm 

?jvl[ qdh h" wi" dVrjl mm 

dHw h'i ?aij_ldhuZjig f+oj 


46 


bjt w[ epiP fjaLjh dl,t } dVrjus[ hV m fi epiP fjaLjh V[ Vjv 

Lia rg vej ds,ag dw ^ 

fdaa w"S 

h{ ^ 

idhSg ih{ l'Hg dlt q[ij@ 

Yhp ljdhW q{ Rpl wj y[ij mm 

idha dWVJ Vdh dlt whjr{@ 

idha dWVJ si y'BJ tjr{ mm \idhaVjqj FjHg s[lj dl>z ug| 

FjHg ljdhW FjHg wjV% dl>z V[ qhjV w'L s[ l`j 738 $a[ dvdtbj 

dcdebj h'dHbj@ Ziq wiq a'G dcdebj@ fjfg@ uja a'G 

dcdebj@ lqju'G ?jiu m 

f+dl,Z drsrjV debjVg RPZq dl>z ug fdaa f+jSg Wji[ 

dvts[ hV ^ 

1! u' qVp,t ligi sg bt>caj } F.e wi[ ba[ qjVdlw fdr,a+aj a'G 

dc,e fr[@ Rph ?jvlj fsrg a'G fdaa h' uJsj h{ m \dc,e f{Gsj 

h{ m| 

2! fdaa w[rv Rph hg VhgG h{ u' sjC%g uJ w[l w,DB[@ Rph rg fdaa 

h{ u' f{iJ a'G v{ w[ dli aw ligi sj w'Hg rg i'q w,DB[ uJ Rpt[C[ m 

3! qVp,t sg RpKyg brloj ligiw WSai s[ f,Dt'G Rph h{ u' i,W V[ 

ljug h{@ dul sg wJB AJB dl,tg rjv[ i,Wg liPf a'G h[nJ dc,eSj 

h{ m 

4! dl,t FjHgyji[ dry fdaa dl,t sj l'Lv ba[ FjHgyjiw WjHgwjB 

h'Sj yjhgsj h{ aJ dw fdaafpS[ sg vdhi } n,v% f{ lw[ m 

5! w'Hg W[b>Ddq+agbj@ fdaa@ sjC%g~w,Bj a[ epiP e+.o ljdhW $a[ epiP- 

FjrVj Vj i,tS rjvj qVp,t dwl[ } dli'fjRp VhgG s[ lwsj m 

6! i,Dt[ h'H[ w[l uJ sjC%j wBrj w[ dwl[ rg drbwag rv'G a?aJ Rpa[ 

bisjlj uJ wCjh f+ljds f+rjS VhgG h'Sj yjhgsj m 

7! dl,t epiP e+.o ljdhW } epiP q>VS rjv[ dwl[ ldhuZjig dl,t Vjv 

FjHgyjiw lJN i,t lwsj h{ fi fdaa Vjv VhgG m 

dHw lir[tS bVplji 1947 a'G fdhvJ 10² a'G z,B dl,t fdaa 

hp.s[ lV@ f+>aP dHl lq[G 50² dl,t fdaafpS[ s[ bli o,v[ dl,tg a'G W[qp,t 

h' yp,w[ hV m dl,Bj dHh dVwdvbj ] dw fdaa dl,t debj~ep;dibj 


( 

drbwag a[ epiP f>o a'G W[qp,t h'S wiw[ dl,tg a'G ?jiu lqNSj yjhgsj 

h{ m cjwBi c.VwV rg fdaa dl,t } dl,t q>VS vHg dabji VhgG m 

ldhuZjig dl,t 


47 

FjHg wjV% dl>z ug s[ qpajdWw ldhu s[ bio hV_A.V[ A.V[@ h"vg 

h"vg a[ dl,t s[ bio wis[ hV_y[v[@ Ljdeis m ##l+g epiP VjVw s[r 

ug sj bVpIjHg dul V[ ldaepiP VjVw s[r ug sj Ziq ZjiV wgaj 

h{@ u' l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW ug } bjfSj Ziq e+.o q>Vsj ba[ sl ldaepiJ 

} dHw iPf ujSsj h{ m$$ l' ldhuZjig dl,t s[ bio h'dH_h"v[ h"v[ 

drbwag sj t>c[ WjB[ sj b>Ddq+a AwS vHg dabji h'Sj m epiqda 

qjia.c Fje fdhvj l`j 11 $a[ FjHg wjV% dl>z ug dvts[ hV ^ ##dur[G 

W.sHg dl,tJ s[ qpwjWv[ a,a ?jvlj LWs ria'G dry bjdHbj lg@ dar[G 

t>c[ sj b>Ddq+a AwS rjv[ dl,tJ s[ qpwjWv[ ldhuZjig LWs RphVJ dl,tJ 

vHg ridabj debj ] u' w[l@ dwifjV@ w,A sg fPig idha VhgG i,ts[ 

lV@ Wjwg lji[ dVIq dl,t Ziq s[ ds=C% ZjiV wis[ lV m$$ 

dl,t dHdahjl a[ idhaVjq[ ldhuZjig f+oj Wji[ yp,f hV m f+>aP FjHg 

qVg dl>z sg dvtg fplaw Feajrvg dry ldhuZjigbJ r,v'G f[L h'Hg 

##rjuWpv biP;$$ dry wpN dvdtbj dqvsj h{ m dHl dvta dry 

lr{~dri'Zg dryjiZjijrJ FjiP hV m dHl vHg dwl[ ai%J rg Fi'l[I'e 

VhgG bjtg uj lwsg m wpN wp RpsjhiSJ f[L hV ^ 

1! l,Dy[ fjaLjh ) drrjh lq[G ba[ dtbjh lijZ s[ dsV blgG W+jhqSJ 

} F'uV wirJs[ lg m hpS dl,t bjts[ hV u' dl,tJ } AwjrSj ) 

hpwq h'dHbj dl,tJ } Fg@ W+jhqSJ } rg bdaoJ } Fvg f+wji 

f+ga wiw[ lFl } f+ljds AwjdHbj wi' m$$ f+>aP epiWjSg wiqwJcg 

dWfiS igaJ sj t>cS wisg h{ m 

2! ##blgG u' bjdqv f[Lj wydhigbJ ujS rjv[ dl,t sjC%gbJ w[l 

dHw' duh[ w{GygbJ Vjv wBrjH[ v{Gs[ lJ m hpS dur[G hpwq h'r[ dar[G 

wigH[ m$$ ##hpwq a[ tjl slta h'dH mm$$ duhC[ aplgG ldhuZjig dl,t 

h'@ u[ w[ljZjigbJ sg ai%J ljWa it' aJ Fvj h{@ VhgG aJ aplgG 

;iPia qjai rZgw h'r[ l' WijWi wirjdH A,cS[ m$$ fi epiP hpwq 

aJ \ljWa lPida slaji dlij| h{ m 

dl,tJ sj Whpaj lqJ u.eJ Ip,ZJ dry uPNS wjiV bjfS[ l,y[ lp,y[ 

dHdahjl } aJ zCs[ ih[ f+>aP dvt w[ l.FjvS sj q"wj Vj w,T lw[@ dul 

wiw[ lq[G lq[G bSlptjrgbJ dl,t ihpigaJ Wji[ yiyj dACsg idh>sg h{ m 


48 


1925 dry bSr>c[ f>ujW s[ lji[ dHdahjlw epispbji[ 

b{l!ug!fg!lg! b>Ddq+ali s[ f+W.Z dry bj eH[ lV m wj}V qpajdWw r'BJ 

ijhk f+W.Zw wq[Bg sg y'S@ vj;qg h' eHg m fdhv[ ldqbJ dry F{~FjrVg 

rjv[ epidl,t l[rj vHg ypS[ uJs[ lV m f+>aP b{l!ug!fg!lg! b>Ddq+ali ba[ 

ds,vg epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg dlbjlg btjC[ WS w[ idh eHgbJ hV m 

##dHvda wj VjRp yRpZig$$@ epiWjSg s[ qhJrjw bVplji ZC[ Wj;@ 

bjyiShgS a[ epiqda dlZJaJ a'G bSujS ypS[ ujS v,e fH[ hV m 

epiP sg e'vw@ WSg WSjHg epispbjij lB[u a[ Vjv v,es[ qpà v.ei 

sgbJ lhPvaJ $a[ hi dlbjlg fjiBg sgbJ V;iJ v,egbJ idh>sgbJ 

hV m 

dl,tg } t'ij vjRpS rjvgbJ ajwaJ rg lieiq hV m dHV%J 

bVqag lFj l'ljdHBgbJ V[ ldhuZjig dl,t sj lB.B tCj wiw[ Feag 

a[ Lwag s[ l'q[ epispbjdibJ $a[ wW;j wiV sj dVlyj Zji dvbj 

ujfsj h{ m 

cjwBi ijZj d*LVV bVplji ^ “It is said and not without truth 

that Hinduism killed Budhism by taking into a Fraternal 

embracement.” 

##Fjr dw dh>sP Ziq V[ Fij rjvg evrwCg dry Wp,Z qa sj evj 

zp,B ds,aj m$$ Rph' hg `jiqPvj dl,t Ziq } ?aq wiV vHg wgaj uj 

dihj ujfsj h{ m ViwZjigbJ@ ijZj lpbjqgbJ a[ fjt>cg epiPc.q sg 

cxvg rujRpS rjvgbJ H[u.lgbJ@ duV%J sg df,n $a[ bjigbj lqjug 

dlbjlg ajwaJ hV@ fdhv'G hg dl,tg } t'ij vjRpS vHg q{sjV dry 

wj`g lq[G a'G bjfSg wpdBvaj sj drtjrj wi ihgbJ hV m epiP ?jvl[ 

} lpy[a idhS sg v'C h{ m W[h,s b`l'l sg e,v h{ dw ljcgbJ Zjidqw 

l'ljdHBgbJ dl,t f+yji sj sjhrj wisgbJ VhgG o,wsgbJ m qa[ fjl 

wiV dry rg bevg waji dry idh>sgbJ hV@ f+>aP dHhVJ $a[ bqv 

wiV s[ lq[G faj VhgG dHhVJ } wg l,f lp.z uJsj h{ m b{l!ug!fg!lg!@ 

b>Ddq+ali V[ ldhuZjig f+oj Wji[ dqag 31-3-1973 } dHw qaj fjl 

wgaj lg dul sg wjfg h[nJ siu h{ ^ 

f+ZjV ljdhW sg bjdebj a[ hjRPl sg l.qag Vjv lisji Wvs[r 

dl>z ug qjdhvfpigbj V[ dHl l.W.Z dry h[n dvdtbj qaj f[L wgaj ^ 

##ljv 1925 dl,t epispbjij b{wB WSV r[v[ lqp,y[ f>ujW s[ wpN 

d;dv%bJ dry ldhuZjig dl,t hp.s[ lV u' dl,t epispbjij b{wB sg ajig` 

\fdiFjLj| Rpa[ fPi[ Rpais[ lV@ f+>aP WBrji[ a'G Rpfi.a deSag s[ wpN 

wp ldhuZjigbJ a'G dWVJ dHh l.f+sjdH ?aq h' yp,wg h{ m dHV%J 



49 

ldhuZjigbJ dr,Dy'G wpN aJ dl>z lu eH[ hV a[ wpN dh>sP ldFbjyji 

sj dh,lj WS eH[ hV m fi epispbjij y'S vHg VrgbJ WS ihgbJ r'Bi 

dvlBJ dry r[dtbj debj h{ dw Whpa lji[ Q{i dl,tJ } ldhuZjig Vjq 

o,v[ Qva a"i $a[ epispbjij y'SJ vHg r'Bi WSjdHbj uj dihj h{ m 

dHl vHg b{l!ug!fg!lg! sj dHh uViv lqjeq f+rjV wisj h{ dw dl,t 

epispbjij b{wB dry dHh' duhgbJ aiqgqJ liwji w'v'G wirjHgbJ 

ujS dul Vjv w[rv w[ljZjig dl,t hg b{l!ug!fg!lg! a[ v'wv epispbjij 

wq[BgbJ s[ r'Bi WS lwS m dHh dHw,aiaj f>ujW liwji fjl'G q>e 

wisg h{ dw dHhVJ aiqgqJ } A[ag a'G A[ag drZjV lFj dry fjl 

wirj w[ wj}V sg Lwv ds,ag ujr[ a[ bjRpS rjvgbJ y'SJ dry dHl 

sg ria'G wgag ujr[ m lisji bujdHW dl>z s[ ajHgs wiV $a[ dHh 

qaj liW-l.qag Vjv fjl h' debj m 

Fjiag liwji fjl'G dl,tg sg ijtg vHg bjl i,tSg bjfS[ bjf 

} Z'tj s[Sj h{ m uJ dHM bjt' dW,vg s[ ci wjiV wWPai rJeP. b,tJ 

qgBS rjvg e,v h{ m sp,t aJ dHl e,v sj h{ dw qa[ fjl wiV rjv[ 

bjf hg dHhVJ qdabJ sgbJ Z,ugbJ RpcjRpS $a[ v,e[ h'H[ hV m fdhvj 

drLr dl,t l.q[vV duhCj dw bwjv a?a ljdhW sg Aai AjdHbj 

h[n wijRpS sj `{lvj wgaj debj h{@ Rpl s[ dH>VrgB[LV f,ai duhCj 

dw sjl } qVuga dl>z wvw,aj@ l{wBig b{l!ug!fg!lg! rv'G hj;ig 

FiV vHg dqdvbj h{@ dry dwl[ H[u.c[ sj d;wi VhgG m h' lwsj h{ H[u.cj 

fdhvJ rjvj hg h'r[ m fdhv[ lqjeq sj wVrgVi l+g vAqS y[vj ijq 

dl>Zg } ojdfbj debj lg m LjdHs hpS rg dHh l,uS dHl[ fsrg $a[ 

dWijuqjV h'S m dHl l.fisjdH s[ v'w bjfS[ bjf } epiP VjVw s[ 

ldhuZjig dl,t btrjMs[ hV m dHhVJ bt"ag ldhuZjigbJ sj dHw c[ij 

fPlj i'c@ VrgG ds,vg dry h{ m 1984 dry ds,vg drt[ ba[ qpvw s[ h'i 

dh,DdlbJ dry dHw deSg dq,og lwgq qpajdWw W[wlPi dl,t Wp,T[@ W,y[ a[ 

b"iaJ ba[ V"urjVJ sj wav[bjq h'dHbj m h;jiJ dl,t WgWgbJ } 

RpZjdvbj debj a[ RphVJ Vjv Wvjawji wgaj debj m wi'CJ ipf{ sg 

l.f,ag b,eJ vj w[ Flq wi ds,ag eHg m dHh lF wpN liwjig Ldh $a[ 

dl,tJ } lWw dltjRpS vHg wgaj debj lg m dHh wjav dHl lq[G rg 

ds,vg sgbJ evgbJ a[ W;jiJ dry Wp,w%s[ dxis[ hV m dwl[ } w'Hg rg 

dwl[ dwlq sj s.c VhgG ds,aj debj@ dwMdw wjav rg bjf a[ qpVl` 

rg bjf hg lV m e,v h'i fjl[ yv[ eHg m e,v wisj lg vAqS y[vj 

ijq b{Gc w.fVg sg m `ljsJ Wjbs dHhVJ s[ fPuj blojV $a[ v,e[ W'ic 

$a[ Rpwdibj h'dHbj@ ##dVuojr epispbjij$$ Rpairj w[ ##dVuojr q>si$$ 


50 


W'ic verj ds,aj debj lg duhCj hpS rg v,Ddebj h'dHbj s[dtbj 

uj lwsj h{ m dHl a'G dHvjrj epiP e+.o ljdhW a'G Ap,B l+g ijq y>si a[ 

l+g d*LV ug sg fPuj hp.sg h{ ba[ dHhVJ sgbJ qPiaJ bjds i,tgbJ 

h'HgbJ hV m epiP VjVw fjaLjh sj braji fpiW ;iPi qVjMs[ hV@ 

f+>aP uVq bLBqg a[ ijqV"qg bjds dh>sP daRphji rg ZPq Zjq Vjv 

qVjMs[ hV m f+rjdVa #dl,t idha qiIjsj$ bVplji epispbji[ dry 

duo[ epiP e+.o ljdhW sj f+wjL h{@ dry qPiag fPuj a[ dWfiV igaJ 

wiV sg qVjhg h{@ fi dHl blojV $a[ dHh lF wpN h' dihj h{ m ljc[ 

b{l!ug!fg!lg! ba[ bwjv a?a s[ bt"ag uo[sji ljdhW dHhVJ s[ qptg 

} dl,t drLr l.q[vV sj wVrgVi ojf ih[ hV m dw,cj r,cj q?"v ljc[ 

dHh Zjidqw vgci dl,t w"q Vjv wi ih[ hV m 

dHl[ ai%J dHw WgWg lv'yVJ ?jvlj h{@ u' Whpa l'hSj bV.sqHg 

wgiaV wisg h{@ f+>aP b>Ddq+a AwS a'G sPi F,usg h{ m dHh WgWg dl,t 

epispbjdibJ dry rg wgiaV wiV sj f+f>y wisg dxisg h{ ba[ ljc[ 

uo[sji rjh rjh wis[ VhgG o,ws[ m uSj~tSj ?jvlj WdSbj h{ m epiP 

lpqda W?L[ m dwl[ V[ ngw hg bjdtbj h{ ^ u[wi ldhuZjig qplvqjV 

VhgG h.psj@ ldhuZjig HgljHg VhgG hp.sj@ dHo'G aw dw ldhuZjig dh>sP 

rg VhgG hp.sj aJ dl,t ldhuZjig dwM ( ldhuZjig f+oj yapi dsqjQ 

sg Rpfu h{ m dl,t Ziq vHg dq,nj qhpij h{ m 

q[ig f>ow dha{LgbJ fjl ldVqi W[Vag h{ dw dHl rZ ihg bqi 

r[v sgbJ uC%J w,BSgbJ hg lq[G sg fpwji h{ m dHh dl,t f>o sg qhjV 

l[rj h{ m 


\f>ujW BjHgq;@ 24!1!1996|

VjqZjigbJ \wPdwbJ| sg blvgba 

dl>zJ sj hvwj duhj sWwj qjiV $a[ VjqZjig dl,t l.ea IP!w[! 

rv'G lqwjvg f[fi dry a[ dl,t l.ea rv'G RpnjH[ eH[ L.dwbJ Wji[ 

lf,LBgwiS ds,aj debj h{ m y.ej hp.sj u[wi VjqZjig rgi l,y' l,y 

dvts[ ba[ epiP f>o ?jvlj fjl'G qpbj`g q>e w[ f>ow l`J dry bj W{ns[ m 

dHl lf,LBgwiS dry Whpa ljij NPn a[ Whpa lji[ a,oJ } a'C qi'C 

w[ f[L wiV sg w'dLL wgag eHg h{ ba[ wHg epiqda s[ qPv dl,ZJaJ 

Wji[ dvtSj dHw fjl[ dihj@ A'dhbj aw rg VhgG debj m NPn } vpwjRpS 

vHg Fjr[G dw>V[ rg fjfC r[v[ ujS@ f+>aP dlbjS[ bjts[ hV dw l,y 

l" fCs[ fjC w[ rg Wjhi bj uJsj h{ m dHh q[i[ hg d?bjv VhgG@ lsgbJ 

a'G y,v[ bj ih[ hV@ #ljy } bJy VhgG m$ Truth is green. 

sjl aJ dVqjSj duhj slJ fjaLjhgbJ sg u'da l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW 

ug sj Vjq~Zigw l[rw h{@ drsrjV rg VhgG m hJ@ epiWjSg q[ij ugrV 

bjZji ;iPi h{ m IwgVV dVif,t h' w[ dHdahjlw hrjdvbJ ijhgG a[ 

epiWjSg sg wlr,Bg } bjZji WSj w[ dHl lf,LBgwiS sj f'lB qjiBq 

wi w[ sp,Z sj sp,Z a[ fjSg sj fjSg wiV sj IaV ;iPi wiJej m 

#epiqda dry bB,v drLrjl$ \VjqZjig lf,LBgwiS sg fdhvg 

lai| VjqZjig lFj V[ dHh VhgG dvdtbj dw RphVJ V[ dwhCg epiqda 

} bfSjdHbj h{ m dl,t Ziq dry aJ epiWjSg LWs epiP e+.o ljdhW 

} aV'G@ qV'G debjV epiP q>V w[ bjfSg ugrV~e,cg } yvjRpS sj 

hpwq h{@ Fjr epiP WjSg bVplji y,vS } epiqda bjdtbj uJsj h{ m 

VjqZjig l.fisj rjv[ epiP e+.o ljdhW } bjfSj epiP VhgG q>Vs[ m T.c'ij 

;iPi df,Bs[ hV dw Rph epiP e+.o ljdhW ug sg WjSg } ldawjis[ a[ 

q>Vs[ hV m dHhVJ s[ wHg qLhPi dvtjig duhVJ dr,Dy'G dHw dqhi dl>z 

h{@ Rpl V[ dHw fpit epiP Vjq sg fplaw dvtg h{ m dHl sj qptW.Z qjlBi 

dVhjv dl>z V[ 10 ld`bJ sj dvdtbj h{ m l`j 9 $a[ dvtsj h{ ^ ##fia,t 

epiP s[hZjig } duhC[ VhgG q>Vs[@ Rph qVqpt a[ eZ[ a'G r,Z qPit hV m$$ 

ba[ dqhi dl>z dHl[ fplaw dry dHw ue%j dvtsj h{ ^ ##f>o f+wjL dry 


52 


e+.o ljdhW sg oJ duhVJ V[ epiP e+.o ljdhW dvdtbj h{@ wpwiq wgaj 

h{ m$$ 

qhjV drsrjV FjHg wjV% dl>z VjFj V[ bjfSg fplaw qhjV 

w'L dry l`j 420 $a[ dHl ai%J dvdtbj h{ ^ ##epiqda_l.eIj_epiP 

dl,ZJa epiP s[ ojf[ h'H[ dVIq@ dl,t Ziq m$$ dryji wgdabJ dHh e,v 

dVti w[ ljhqS[ bj uJsg h{ dw VjqZjigbJ sg w'Hg blv qiIjsj 

uJ epiqda VhgG@ Wvdw dHl } Vgq dl,t ba[ Vgq W+jhqSg qiIjsj 

bjt lws[ hJ m dHh s[hZjig WjWj f+ajf dl>z a[ WjWj ueuga dl>z 

sg yvjHg qiIjsj hg dHhVJ sg epiqda h{ m 

debjVg f+ajf dl>z fdhv[ idh yp,w[ bwjv a?a s[ uo[sji 

bjfSg fplaw wPwj epiPc.q s[ l`j 8 $a[ dvts[ hV ^ 

##slJ ldaepiPbJ V[ dHw bwjv fpit a[ dVijwji l+g rjdhepiP 

sg Feag wiV sg dldtbj s[S s[ Vjv dwl[ s[rg s[raj@ dwiaq rlaP 

uJ s[hZjig sg fPuj a'G ridubj h{ m ldaepiP V[ s[h } VjLr.a q>DdVbj 

h{ m dHl vHg dl,t } dwl[ s[hZjig sj fpujig VhgG WSjdHbj m$$ dl,ZJaw 

a"i $a[ bwjv fpit s[ W?L[ h'H[ bVpFjr f+wjL@ bjadqw debjV 

bioja epiWjSg } epiP dWbjV wgaj h{ m dur[G ^ 

lWs epiP lpida ZpdV y[vj mm \f>Vj 943| 

lWsp epi fgij edhi e.Fgij dWVp lWs{ uep WRpijV. mm 

\f>Vj 635| 

WjSg epiP epiP h{ WjSg drdy WjSg b>Ddq+ap lji[ mm 

epip WjSg wh{ l[rwp uVp qjV{ fiadt epiP dVlaji[ mm \f>Vj 982| 

slr[G fjaLjh sj hpwq ^ 

debjV epiP bjaq Rpfs[lhp!!!mm 

epiP f>o s[ qhjV drsrjV@ l.aJ@ qh.aJ a[ wHg dl>z lFjrJ s[ 

f+dadVZJ V[ wHg ljvJ dry WCg dqhVa a[ wHg qgdB>eJ wi w[ #dl,t 

idha qdiIjsj$ sj tiCj dabji wgaj m b>a l+g bwjv a?a ljdhW 

rv'G f+rjVeg sg q'hi vj w[ lqPh dl,t w"q } bjfS[ Zjidqw@ bjidow@ 

lqjduw Fjr l.ljiw lji[ wiq dHl qiIjsj bVplji wiV sj hpwq 

wgaj m dHl #dl,t idha qdiIjsj$ s[ l`j 9 $a[ dl,t sg ajig` dHl 

ai%J dvtg h{ ^ ##u' dHlaig uJ fpiL dHw bwjv fpit@ sl epiP ljdhWjV 

\l+g epiP VjVw s[r ug a'G v{ w[ l+g epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug a,w|@ l+g epiP 

e+.o ljdhW ba[ sl epiP ljdhWjV sg WjSg a[ dldtbj ba[ l+g slq[L 

ug s[ b>Ddq+a Rpa[ dVlyj i,tsj h{ a[ dwl[ h'i Ziq } VhgG q>Vsj@ Rph 



53 

dl,t h{ m$$ b,e[ l`j 21 $a[ ##dl,t@ dl,t } dqvS lq[G #rjdhepiP ug wj 

tjvlj@ rjdhepiP ug wg xadh$ Wpvjr[ m qis uJ dHlaig s'hJ } dHh 

hpwq h{ m$$ 

VjqZjig l.fisj dHl dl,ZJa } VhgG q>Vsg@ le'G s[hZjig epiP 

sg cp,ecpeg rujMs[ hV m #rjdhepiP ug wg xadh$ sg WujdH #lda l+g 

bwjv$ wdh w[ dqvs[ hV m dHl[ ai%J epiP ?jvl[ sg bisjl slJ 

fjaLjhgbJ aw a[ dHhVJ sg f+a,t u'a upe' upe bB,v l+g epiP e+.o 

ljdhW ug sj dZbjV Zi w[ W'v' ug rjdhepiP aw h{ m fi VjqZjig epiPc.q 

sg bjfSg hg bisjl zCg h'Hg h{ m 

dHdahjl erjh h{ dw epiP ?jvl[ } ?aq wiV vHg wHg ue%j 

epiWjSg dry dqvjrB wgag eHg h{ m wHg ue%j ligiw hqv[ wga[ eH[ 

hV m wHg h'i dwlq sgbJ lj;LJ epiP wjv a'G hp.sgbJ ihgbJ hV m ?pLg 

sg e,v h{ dw dHh' duhgbJ wpdBv yjvJ dl,t w"q sj wpN rg drejC 

Vj lwgbJ m l' dl,t f>o h'i LwagrjV h' dVWCsj h{ m 

dl,t dhisj sptg ;iPi h{@ dwMdw dHl lq[G rg epiP ?jvl[ sg ds,t 

drejCV vHg b>si'G a[ Wjhi'G hqv[ ujig hV m dl,t wvqJ drwjRP h' 

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epiP e+.o sg siljHg qiIjsj } df,n s[ yp,w[ hV m r'BJ s[ vjvy dry 

epiP c.qgbJ sg fdiwiqj wis[ dxis[ hV m IwgVV dHhVJ sj hLi rg 

RphVJ qh.aJ rjvj hg h'r[ej duhVJ } epiP ljdhW V[ h,ok ljdCbj lg m 

driv[ epiqpt dfbjdibJ sg zjv wqjHg bjujHk VhgG ujH[eg m IwgVV 

w"q dry epiqda ejcg ijh a[ y,vsg yC%sgbJ wvJ dry bj ujr[eg m 

FjHg wjV% dl>z qhjV w'L l`j 1033 $a[ VjqZjig qa Wji[ dHl 

ai%J dvts[ hV ^ 

dHl qa s[ dl,t l`{s Wlai ba[ dy,Bg RpKV sg qjvj i,ts[ 

hV m rjdhepiP q>ai sj Rpfs[L w.V dry ds,aj uJsj h{ m b>Ddq+a 

dHw fjai dry dHw,nj VhgG AwjMs[@ upsj upsj AwjMs[ hV m 

hrV s[ r,c[ f+[qg hV m bV.s drrjh lq[G epiP e+.o ljdhW sg 

fdiwiqj sg oJ W[sg e,c w[ a[ b,e dry lq,eig fj w[ vjrJ 

fC%s[ hV m Whpa f+[qg hjv dry qla h' w[ ygwJ \wPwJ| qji 

Rpns[ hV bi slaji Rpaji w[ V,yS B,fS v,e uJs[ hV@ 

dul a'G #wPwj$ l.eIj h' eHg h{@ rjlar dry f>o sg l.eIj 

#VjqZjigbj$ h{ m 

Rpfi dvtg rjiaj f+rjdVa dl,t qiIjsj s[ dWvwpv RpvB h{ m 


54 


l.qa 1929 \ljv 1872| dry wPw[ dl,tJ V[ qv'B ba[ qv[i w'Bv[ 

s[ wpN W,pyCJ } r,T ds,aj dul wiw[ vpdZbjSj s[ dcfBg wdqLVi 

\Mr. Cowen| V[ 49 wPdwbJ } a'fJ Vjv Rpcj ds,aj ba[ wdqLVi 

(Mr. Forsyth) V[ 30 wPdwbJ } xJlg $a[ vBwj ds,aj lg m WjWj ijq 

dl>z } i.ePV \wjv[ fjSg| F[u ds,aj debj@ duo[ RphVJ sj dshJa 

l.V 1885 dry h'dHbj m 

dHh WjWj ijq dl>z a[ RpV%J s[ bVpIjHgbJ sg qpvw sg b;jsg 

vHg qhjV wpiWjVg h{ m dHh rg bjdtbj uJsj h{ dw dwMdw VjqZjig 

dh>sPbJ rJe eRP } qjaj q>V w[ fPus[ lV@ RphVJ Wp,yCJ V[ eRPbJ 

r,TgbJ lV@ dHl vHg wPdwbJ V[ Wp,yCJ } r,T ds,aj m `{lvj fjnw 

wi v{S m 

VjqZjig f+yjiw a[ dvtjig epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug sj l.qa 1765 

dry u'ag u'da lqjSj VhgG q>Vs[ m dvtjig dqhi dl>z qpajdWw duRPGs[ 

hg z'C[ $a[ lrji h' w[ lrieJ } yv[ eH[ lV a[ Rph epiP e'dW>s dl>z 

ug rv'G epiP e+.o ljdhW } epie,sg $a[ lojfa wiV } rg Vhk q>Vs[ m 

Wvdw VJs[C a'G epfa dVwv w[ epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ 90 ljv Wjbs 

l.qa 1855 dry 146 ljv sg dWiZ Rpqi dry Wjvw dl>z Vjqg dHw 

epidl,t } siLV s[ w[ debji%rJ ldaepiP WSjdHbj m dHl a'G df,DA'G 

Wji%rJ ldaepiP WjWj ijq dl>z a[ dxi a[i%rJ ldaepiP f+ajf dl>z bj 

Bfdwbj m dHh Rph epie,sg h{ duhCg hpS VjqZjig siWji F{Sg ljdhW 

Vjq Vjv f+dl,Z h{ m dHl lq[G dHl epie,sg $a[ WjWj ueuga dl>z ug 

y"Zr[G ldaepiP dWijuqjV hV m 

cjwBi e.cj dl>z drsrjV a[ dHdahjlwji Rpfi dvtg 

VjqZjigbJ sg whjSg sj fisj `jL wis[ dvts[ hV dw dHdahjl dHw 

ljdH>l h{@ dul dry dhljW sg ai%J f,wj ngw-njw idhSj yjhgsj h{ 

f+>aP wHg v[twJ V[ dHdahjl } dqdohjl WSj w[ qVzCa whjSgbJ 

ijhgG f[L wgaj h{ m dqljv s[ a"i $a[ s[h lq[a ujS sgbJ wojrJ epiP 

VjVw s[r ug@ WjWj l+g y.s ug Vjv l.W.Za hV a[ epiP e'dW>s dl>z 

ug Wji[ bjfSj z'Cj rg Vjv hg lrie v'w } v{ eH[@ dqvsj h{ m 

dHh dHw dHdahjlw lyjHg h{ dw epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug s,tS 

\qhjijLBi| s[L dry VJs[C s[ blojV waw lpsg f>urgG \waw 

f+drLBg A[| l.qa 1765 dWwiqg@ 7 bwaPWi l.V 1708 Hglrg@ 

3 LjWjV 1120 dhuig } u'ag u'da lqj eH[ lV m 

1! b?Wji siWjdi qpb,vj qpajWw Whjsi Ljh V[ 26 LjWjV \30 

bwaPWi| } hpwq ds,aj dw lpierjlg epiP e'dW>s dl>z@ VjVw f>og 


55 

s[ \qjaj lp.sig s[ v{ fjvw fp,ai| } qjaig dvta s[ ds,ag ujr[m 

9 iq;jV 11 Vr.Wi Whjsi Ljh s[ h;Pi bi; h'Hg dw epiP e'dW>s 

dl>z ug sg ujdHsjs wj`g h{ m Rpl sg ;Wag l.W.Zg wg Ljhg hpwq 

h{( WjsLjh V[ hpwq ds,aj_sir[LJ sj qjv h{ m dHl dry w'Hg i'w 

Vj fjdHRp m dHl Vjv WjsLjhg ?;jVj VhgG Fi ujSjm dHl dvta 

dry epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug Wji[ lrieg dvdtbj debj h{@ duhCj 

dw bwjv yvjSj wi eH[ drbwag Wji[ dwhj uJsj h{m 

2! wrg l{Vjfda epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug s[ lqwjvg siWjig V[ bjfSg 

fplaw l+g epiP l'Fj e+.o s[ bnji%r[G bdZbjH[ \32-43| dry 

lf,LB dvdtbj h{ dw waw lpsg f>urgG@ 1765 l.qa } VJs[C 

dry u'ag u'da lqj eH[ ba[ RphVJ sj llwji wi ds,aj debj m 

3! dqi;j qph.qs hjdiLg V[ bjfSg fplaw dHW+aVjqj-lrjVdh dry 

u' 1718 Hglrg \l.V 1131 dhuig| dry ?aq h'Hg dvdtbj h{ 

dw s,tS dry dshJa a'G Wjbs epiP ljdhW s[ ligi } beV F[B 

wi ds,aj debj m 

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h'dHbj h{ dw epiP e'dW>s dl>z s[ dl,tJ V[ Rph} y.sV sg dytj 

dry beVg s[ lfpis wi ds,aj m 

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1773 dhuig dry dvtsj h{ dw epiP e'dW>s dl>z sj Rpo[ hg s,tS 

dry dshJa h' debj m 

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dVif,t dvtjig hV m dHl vHg RphVJ ba[ l{Vjfda bjds sg 

erjhg a'G Wjbs h'i dwl[ erjh sg v'C VhgG idh uJsg m dHV%J 

dr,Dy'G dwl[ V[ rg epiP ljdhW s[ s[hJa Wji[ w'Hg L,w rjvg e,v 

VhgG dvtg m 

epiP e+.o ljdhW } epie,sg 


1! FjHg V.s vjv ug epiP ljdhW s[ dVwBriag a[ lqwjvg lV m 

epiP ljdhW s[ ;?qg h'S a[ u'ag u'da lqjRpS lq[G q"uPs lV m bjfS[ 

idhaVjq[@ \l.V 1695| l.qa 1753 #epiPY rjy$ dliv[t h[n dvts[ hV ^ 

q[ij sPlij iPf e+.o ug ujS mm 

RpV w[ b>e q[i[ wi ujS mm 


56 

q[ij iPf e+.o ug ujS mm 

dHl q[G F[s VhgG wpA qjS mm 


2! FjHg f+dhvjs dl>z epiP ljdhW s[ h;Pig dl,t lV m dvts[ hV ^ 

bwjv fpit w[ WyV dlYG fieB yvjRp f>o m 

lF dl,tS wRp WyV dHh@ epiP qjdVY e+.o m 

3!FjHg y"fj dl>z epiP ljdhW s[ dtcjr[ lV m dvts[ hV ^ 

bjdebj epiP e+.o sg q>VSg m 

4!qpVLg eSfa ijdH sg fplaw duhCg dw yC%a dl>z s[ lq[G 

dvtg eHg@ s[ l`j 64-65 dry epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug s[ b>aq lq[G sj 

d;wi h{ dw epiP e+.o ug hV m e+.o ba[ epiP dry w'Hg ìw VhgG m e+.o 

ug s[ siLVJ a'G epiP ljdhW s[ ?pLgbJ FifPi siLV h'Se[ m 

5!Wjrj liPf sjl ug epiP bqisjl ug sg W.l dr,Dy'G lV m RphVJ 

V[ WjWj lpq[i dl>z ug s[ woV bVplji bjfSg fplaw qdhqj f+wjL 

l.V 1774 dry iyg lg m Rpl dry epiP e+.o ljdhW sg epdibjHg l.W.Zg 

dHl ai%J dvdtbj h{ ^ 

##aW dl,tJ V[ fPAj u' bW siLV whJ wi[G m ldaepi sgV sIjv 

WyV wgaj u' sl liPf hqji[ fPiV FH[ m bW q[ig ue%j epiP e+.o ljdhW 

w' ujVSj m dul V[ q[i[ l[ Wja wiVg h'dH@ bjds e+.o ljdhW sj fjn 

wiVj m q[i[ l[ WjaJ h'r[Geg m$$ \f>Vj 892-93| 

dHl a'G fdhvJ dw cj^ e.cj dl>z sg dvta epiP e+.o ljdhW ug 

} epie,sg s[S sj b>awj dvtgH[@ WjWj ijq dl>z ug duhVJ } 

VjqZjigH[ Wji%r[G epiP q>Vs[ hV@ sgbJ dy,ngbJ dry Njag qji vHgH[ ^ 

dy,ng V.Wi 46 ^ s[hJ sj q[vj a' bdVa hg h{ m u' LWs l[ dqv[ej@ 

Rph lsj hg dqdvbj h'dHbj h{ m dHw epiP e+.o ljdhW hg epiP h{ m ##epiP 

e+.o ug qjVgb{@ f+eB epiJ sg s[h m u' dlt dqvW' yh[ t'u dHVhg q[G 

v[hm$$ 

\dy,ng V.Wi 47| h'i FjHg slJ fjaLjhgbJ s[ df,DA[ epiP aJ 

qhjiju ug l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW } blojfa wi eH[ hV m u' lsj ldoi 

h{@ h'i w'Hg epiP VhgG m 

\dy,ng V.Wi 48| q{G epiP VhgG m q{G aJ epiP s[ si sj wPwi hJ ba[ 

dHw oJ bjf bjfS[ l[rwJ } hsjdHa wis[ hV_lqPh l.a ?jvl[ ug 

w' l+g rjdhepiP ug wg xadh WpvjSj yjhgsg h{ m F'e l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW 

ug s[ fjRp duaV[ fpu bjRpS m dl,Bj_cjwBi e.cj dl>z ug l+g epiP 

e+.o ug } epdibjHg dry dvts[ hV_dHl ai%J `jilg@ RpisP ba[ 


57 

b>ei[;g fplawJ s[ h'i bV[wJ hg hrjv[ f[L wga[ uj lws[ hV@ fi 

H[o[ w[rv lqwjvg ba[ bnji%rgG lsg sgbJ dvtaJ s[ hrjv[ s[S[ hg 

wj`g hV ba[ u' epiP ljdhW s[ u'ag u'da lqjRpS ba[ epiP e+.o ljdhW 

} epdibjHg ds,a[ ujS sg hg ljtj hV m l+g epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug s[ 90- 

100 sg bjIP dry u'ag u'da lqjRpS ba[ dwl[ qVp,t s[ RphVJ sg 

oJ epiP qpw,ii wga[ ujS sj dwZi[ w'Hg d;wi siu VhgG h{ m dHl vHg 

epiP ug s[ u'ag u'da lqjRpS ba[ RphVJ rv'G l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW ug 

} epdibjHg ds,a[ ujS sj rjdwbj dVldya ba[ bB,v dHdahjlw 

l,yjHgbJ hV m 

hrV 

FjHg ljdhW FjHg wjV% dl>z VjFj qhjV w'L s[ l`j 269 $a[ dvts[ 

hV ^ hrV_l.eUj_s[rdabJ } r[s q>aiJ spbjij Wpvj w[ zg bjdsw 

fsjioJ sj bedV dry fjRpS sj wiq h{ m dHh fpijaV ilq dh>sP 

s[rg s[rdabJ } ?pL wiV vHg wgag uJsg h{ m VjqZjigbJ bVplji 

dHl ai%J hrV Vjv bV[wJ ai%J sg lxvaj dqvsg h{ m dh>sP qa bVplji 

fjSg@ lPiu@ beVg ba[ hrj bjds lF s[ra[ hV m dHhVJ sg fPuj 

r,t-r,t q>siJ dry wgag uJsg h{ m f+>aP dl,t Ziq dHw bwjv fpit 

} q>Vsj h{ ba[ Rpl s[ hpwq dry Ziag@ bwjL@ f"S@ fjSg@ beVg 

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si s[ dFtjig hV m epiP e+.o ljdhW bwjvg u'a sj f+eB liPf h{ m dw,cg 

qPitajHg dHh wPw[ wis[ hV m wgiaV hp.s[ lq[G hrV rg wgaj uJsj 

h{ m epiP e+.o ljdhW ug sj f+wjL rg wgaj uJsj h{ m W,DdybJ s[ drbjh 

lq[G dh>sP aigw[ Vjv r[sg e,c w[ b,e s[ spbjv[ u'CgbJ } fdiwiqJ 

wiV vHg dwhj uJsj h{ a[ vjrJ epiP e+.o ljdhW ug a'G fC%s[ hV m 

dHl a'G dl,Z h{ dw dHh Vj aJ dh>sP hV ba[ Vj dl,t m bjfSgbJ wPwJ 

dry hg f+f,w hV m 

ijZj lpbjqg@ dVi.wjigH[ bjds wHg l.fisjrJ a[ c[i[sji epiWjSg 

s[ bjfS[ qavW vHg ai'C-qi'C w[ bio wis[ hV m VjqZjig rg 

epiPc.q sg cpecpeg bjfS[ qavW s[ bioJ bVplji rujHg dxis[ hV m 

VjqZjig bisjl 


O rjdhepiP ug wg xadh 

l+g Fe"ag ug lhjdH mm fjaLjhg 12rgG mm 

df+oq Fe"ag dlqdi w{ epiP VjVw vHk dZbjdH mm dxi b>es epi 


58 


a[ bqisjl ijqsjl{ h'Hk lhjdH mm biuV hdie'dW>s V' dlqi' l+g hdi 

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ug lF ojHgG h'dH lhjdH mm ldaepiP Wjvw dl>z ug dlqigb{ duV Ziq 

sj qjie sgbj WajdH mm bwjv fpit l+g ldaepiP ijq dl>z ug dlqigb{ 

duV uq a' vgbj AcjdH mm u'da wj ujqj l+g ldaepiP hig dl>z ug 

dlqigb{ duV Bp,Bg vHg dqvjdH mm 

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duV wdvupe dry l,y-l'Z@ Vjq WjSg sj f+rjh sgbj yvjdH mm hj;ij 

h;Pi l+g ldaepiP ueuga dl>z ug dlqigb{ duV%J s[ siLV wgdabJ 

uVq-qiV spt ujdH@ lF ojHgG h'Sj lhjdH mm 

epiP ug w[ yji ljdhW;js[@ f>u dfbji[@ yjvg qpwa[@ b,lg Lhgs@ 

W[b>a LhgsJ sg wqjHg sj dZbjV Zi w[ bjf ug sj fdr,ai Vjq 

dy,a bjr[ mm 

ldaepi l,y[ fjaLjh blgG lsj Fp,vShji hJ m bjf lsj W?dL>s 

h' m si'G zi'G dl,tg dlsw W?L W[qp,t h' w[ Vj qigH[ m Ziag a[ Ziq riaj@ 

qhJ qv[A sj VjL wi@ l.a tjvl[ sj f+wjL wi m eRP eigW w[ wLB 

} sPi wi@ wpv dl+LBg a[ij Vjq uf[@ w'Hg sptgbj h'H[ Vj m 

ldaepiP ijq dl>z ug@ bjf ug s[ yiVJ dry ljcg f+jioVj h{ 

dw ljcj Ziq WdSbj ih[ m 

sgVjW.Zp ldaepiP l,y[ fjaLjh bjf ug sg d*fj Vjv bjf ug 

sgbJ dfbjigbJ l.eaJ V[ dHw,ai h' w[ bjf ug s[ Vjq sj dlqiV 

wgaj h{!!! sj fjn wgaj h{ m fjn widsbJ apw@ b,ti@ ve@ w.Vj rjZj 

zjBj fdC%bj W?L v{Sj@ WjSg l,yt>c f+rjV wiVg m 

Vj drlik Vj drljik@ i,t v{ W?L v{@ s[h wiw[ dHh sgsji l+g 

ldaepiP ijq dl>z Vjq yC%sg wvj@ a[i[ FjS[ liW,a sj Fvj m 

u' W'v[ l' dVhjv@ lda l+g bwjv m 

\WjWj| ueuga dl>z s[ Vjq tp,v%j f,ai wHg drsrjVJ V[ dvt 

w[ lfLBgwiS q>Ddebj h{ m hjvJ a,w w'Hg RpKai VhgG dqdvbj m 

V'B ^ VjqZjigbJ sg blvgba ujSV rjla[ cj^ hidu>si dl>z 

dsvegi ug sg dvtg fplaw dl,t arjig? \duvs agug| fC'% m 


\f>ujW BjHgq;@ 4!4!2007|

s'sCj epiP~c.q 

dl,tg liPf dry fjt>cg a[ s.Fg f>ow Lwag } t[iP. t[iP. wiV vHg 

s'sdCbJ rjv[ WjW[ ulr.a dl>z duhVJ } #WjRP$ ug rg bjts[ hV a[ RphVJ 

s[ y[v[ yjBC[ q{sjV dry dVai[ hV m blgG dHhVJ f>ow s'tgbJ sj y{v.u 

qV;Pi wis[ hJ m ##epiWjSg dHlp ue qdh yjVSp$$ sj YB bjlij v{ w[ 

dHhVJ wpijhgbJ sgbJ qV zCa svgvJ } t>cV wiV sj IaV wiJe[ m 

s'sCj df>c d;v%j Wdn>cj f>ujW dry h{ m WjRP ug sj df,Aj s'sCj 

h'S wiw[ dHh wpì rg s'sdCbJ rjv[ l.a s[ Vjq a'G hg LpiP wgaj 

debj h{ m dl,t idha qiIjsj@ dl,t dHdahjl a[ ?jl wiw[ #epiWjSg 

LWs~epiP$ s[ d?vj` dHw cP.zg ljd;L s[ bZgV dHh fif>y yjvP wgaj 

debj h{ m lj} ?pLg h{ dw lq[G sg V;jwa } lqNdsbJ h'dHbJ f+'`{li 

siLV dl>z@ bwjv a?a ljdhW s[ qp,t l[rjsji V[ bjfS[ dHw ?a 

ijhgG duhCj dw RphVJ V[ l+! buga dl>z ug s[ fp,A[ lrjvJ s[ RpKai 

dry dvdtbj lg@ dl,t uea } dHhVJ epiP s.FgbJ a'G WyS vHg lpy[a 

wgaj h{ m Rph ?a dHl ai%J h{ ^ 

bjf ug V[ f>o } WC[ r,c[ ?ai[ a'G lPdya wgaj h{ m dHh f>o 

s'tgbJ sg ljd;L sg dHw wCg h{ m f>ujW ba[ fis[lJ dry 

f>o s'tgbJ sg deSg dqog ljd;L Vjv dl,t Ziq dry r,tr,t 

iPf tC[ wi w[ f>ow Lwag } t[iP. t[iP. wgaj uj dihj h{ m 

l' duo[ rg lJNg f>ow l'y ba[ lJNg epiqda idha qiIjsj 

s[ ZjiVg dl,t W{n[ h'S@ Rph spLqS sg dHl cP.zg yjv a'G lpy[a 

idhS ba[ sPldibJ } lpy[a wiV m dwl[ s'sCj rjv[ uJ dwl[ 

h'i ljZP l.a sg r,tig qiIjsj } dwl[ epispbjij ljdhW a'G 

VhgG vjeP wgaj uj lwsj m hi dl,t } l+g bwjv a?a ljdhW 

Vjv ba[ lJNg f>ow qiIjsj Vjv updCbj idhSj ;iPig h{ m 

r,t r,t epiP~s.Fg f>o sg Lwag } wq;'i wis[ hV m 

epiP f>o sj sjl 

f+'^ siLV dl>z 

qp,t l[rjsji@ l+g bwjv a?a ljdhW@ l+g b>Ddq+ali 


60 


epiWjSg s[ fis[ h[nJ dHh F,si fpiL wg wg wpigagbJ wi ih[ 

hV a[ dwr[G F'v[ Fjv[ dl,tJ } ep.qijh wi ih[ hV@ dHl v[t sj qp,sj 

h{ m bjY dryji wigH[ m 

f>ujW dry'G Rpdnbj s'sCj spiqagbJ sj lB.B b,u~w,v% f+s[lJ 

dry rg w"Cg r[v rJe rZ dihj h{ m lq[G sg fpwji h{ dw dHl f>o zjaw 

w{Gli } ?aq wgaj ujr[ m dHhVJ qVqagbJ rv'G rZjH[ h'H[ l.wB sj 

dHvju dxi Whpa wnV h' lwsj h{ m f>o fdhv'G hg Whpa qpLwvJ dry 

dzdibj h'dHbj h{ m dHhVJ f>o s'tgbJ V[ f>o } qpLwvJ dry xl[ h'S 

wiw[ cP.zg l,B qjiV sj IaV wgaj h{ m 

s'sCgbJ sj h{Kc wpbjiBi f>ujW'G Wjhi w{V[cj w{veig Ldhi dry 

h{ m w{V[cj a[ bqigwj dry dHl epiP~c.qg vdhi V[ bjfS[ f{i f,wg ai%J 

uqj vH[ hV m wHg epispbjdibJ s[ f+W.Zw F'v bSF'v bjfS[ 

epispbjdibJ sgbJ lB[uJ dHhVJ s[ hrjv[ wi w[ dHhVJ spiqagbJ 

} h,vjL[ig s[ ih[ hV m w{V[cj sgbJ f>ujWg b?WjiJ dry dHhVJ 

epiPc.qgbJ Wji[ Whpa wpN dvdtbj uj dihj h{ m BiJB' dry dHhVJ sj 

qp,t b,cj r{lBiV i'c rjvj epiP zi h{@ dwMdw Rpo'G s[ e+.og dl>z sg 

dl>zSg hiuga w"i rg dHhVJ s[ h,ow.dcbJ sj dLwji h'Hg h'Hg h{ m 

Rpqgs h{ dw hpS r{lBiV epiP zi s[ f+W.ZwJ ba[ WgWg hiuga w"i 

} dHhVJ Wji[ w'Hg Fpv[tj VhgG ih[ej m dwyVi Ldhi dry dHhVJ V[ 

bjfSj b,cj uqjRpS sj IaV wgaj m fi Rpo'G sg l.ea ba[ lpI'e 

f+W.ZwJ V[ dHV%J a'G x"ig a"i $a[ lqNsjig bfVj w[ dwVjij wLg wi 

vHg m \6 upvjHg@ 1989 bjrjd;-w"q@ BiJB'| m 

sptg vpwjHg dHhVJ vpB[dibJ s[ h,Do'G vp,Bg uj ihg h{@ blv dVLjVj 

dHhVJ sj hvrj qJcj a[ f>ow qiIjsj } ive,c wi w[ bjfS[ epiP~c.q 

} WC%jrj s[Sj h{ m s'sdCbJ rjv[ sg eag lqNS a'G fdhvJ siLV 

sjlgH[@ bt"ag dVi.wjigH[@ ijZj lpbjqg a[ wPdwbJ s[ dfA'wC } lqNSj 

Whpa ;iPig h{ m s'sCj epiP~c.q rg dHhVJ f>o~s'tgbJ sgbJ vghJ $a[ 

hg yvjdHbj ujfsj h{ m dHh f>o qjiP l.lojrJ sg lif+lag rg vjdvbJ 

sgbJ au"igbJ a[ dh>splajV sg dìwP f'vgBgwv ajwaJ wi ihgbJ 

hV m 

siLV sjlgbJ a[ bt"ag dVi.wjigbJ V[ bjfSj T.e epiP e+.o 

ljdhW ug sj f+wjL wi w[ bjfS[ lqjeq LpiP wga[ lV m lq[G s[ Vjv 

Fiq Fpv[dtbJ sj dHhVJ s'tgbJ V[ ujv drAj ds,aj lg m bVfC% a[ 

sptg v'w bjfS[ sp,t Vdriag s[ vjvy wjiV xls[ eH[ m epiWjSg sgbJ 

bjfS[ Rpfi TpwsgbJ apwJ y'ig wi w[ bjfS[ dVLjV[ sg fPiag vHg 



61 

dvBi[yi dvts[ dvtJs[ dl,tg sg #dwv[% idha qiIjsj$ dry l.V% vjRpS 

dry wjqIjW h' hg eH[ lV m f{l[@ fijf[e.cj a[ NPn[ dvBi[yi wjiV 

bjfP> epiP WS W{n[ m 

l,Dy[ LWs~epiP@ epiP e+.o ljdhW a[ epiqda d`vjl`g } df,n s[ 

w[ bjfSj VrJ Ziq rg yjvP wi dvbj m 

siLV sjl V[ sjl Ziq sg WpdVbjs i,tg a[ bjfSj N.cj dVLjV 

ljdhW sg ue%j e,c ds,aj m ViwZjigbJ V[ bjfS[ ft>c } dVi.wjig 

qa sj Vjq ds,aj m s'VJ V[ hg bjfS[ bVpIjHgbJ } tpv% s[ w[ drFyji 

x{vjdHbj m ?jvlj f>o sg bSedhvg wjiV dHh Whpa hg LwagLjvg 

l.lojrJ WS eHgbJ lV a[ epiP ?jvl[ } hdobjiW.s B,wi v{S vHg 

r.ejiS v,egbJ m b>Ddq+ali wHg dl>z Lhgs h'H[ m dHl[ ai%J IP!w[! dry 

rg siLV sjlgH[ V[ bda yp,w vHg lg a[ wHg ue%j Bwij h'H[ m ##wPC 

dVtpB[ VjVwj YCdw ldy ihg mm$$ s[ qhJrjw bVplji l,y f+eB h'dHbj 

a[ dHh epiP~c.qgH[ dHl lq[G bjfS[ ;?q y,B ih[ hV m hdobjiW.s B,wi 

wHg uirjS[ a[ hwPqaJ ?jvl[ Vjv v{ yp,wgbJ hV m ?jvl[ } ?aq wis[ 

wis[ bjf ?aq h' eH[ ba[ epiP ?jvlj yC%sg wvj dry dihj m 

ijZj lpbjqg a[ wPdwbJ V[ hdobjiW.s B,wi aJ VhgG vHg@ f+>aP 

yp,f~ypfga[ epiP ?jvl[ s[ zi dry sj?v h' yp,w[ hV m s[t' epiP ?jvlj 

ws bjfSg wp.FwiVg VgGs a'G Rpn w[ dHhVJ f>o~s'tgbJ sg tp>F n,fsj 

h{ m dHV%J f>o~s'tgbJ V[ rg epiWjSg sj fisj YdCbj h'dHbj h{ m dHh 

rg fdhv'~fdhv wgiaV lqjeq ba[ v.ei F.cji[ l,y[ epiP s[ Vjq $a[ 

yvjMs[ lV f+>aP dHhVJ qgdSbJ sj dVLjVj rg epiP~c.q hg lg m ijZj 

lpbjqgbJ V[ bjfSj h{cwpbjiBi dWbjl WSjdHbj a[ wPdwbJ V[ F{Sg 

ljdhW h{cwpbjiBi WSj w[ debji%rgG@ Wji%rgG@ a[i%rgG ba[ y"Zrk 

fjaLjhg sj dlvdlvj ujig i,Ddtbj m VjqZjigbJ sj bjeP a[ v[tw dqhi 

dl>z bjfSg dwajW fpit epiP dry dvtsj h{ ^ 

f+a,t epiP s[hZjig } duhC[ VhgG q>Vs[@ Rph qVqpt a[ eZ[ a'G 

r,Z qPit hV m dHw h'i VjqZjig wPwj qjlBi dVhjv dl>z WQ{i 

dwl[ dHdahjlw hrjv[ s[ dvtsj h{ dw epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug 

V.s[C dry u'ag u'da VhgG lqjH[ a[ Rpo'G bv'f h' w[ 90 ljv 

qei'G dHw u.e dry dl>zJ } siLV ds,a[ a[ epiP e+.o ljdhW 

} epie,sg VhgG ds,ag m wPdwbJ qpajWw epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug 

bjfSg ujV WyjRpS ?jai vpws[ dxis[ ih[ a[ e,sg 90 ljv 

qei'G WjWj Wjvw dl>z } ds,ag m dHl sj qavW dHh h'dHbj 

dw 90 ljv dl,t dVepi[ hg ih[ m dw,cj r,cj NPn dHhVJ epiP~ 


62 


c.qgbJ V[ W'dvbj a[ W[LiqJ rJe bjfSg TgnajHg sj lWPa 

s[ ih[ hV m 

f+'^ e.cj dl>z f+dl,Z dl,t dhlB'igbV V[ `jilg@ RpisP ba[ b>ei[;g 

fplawJ s[ hrjv[ s[ w[ dl,Z wgaj h{ dw epiP slr[G fjaLjh VJs[C s[ 

blojV fi w,aw lpsg f>urgG \waw f+drlBj 6| l.qa 1765 dWwiqg@ 

7 bwaPWi l.V 1708 Hglrg da>V LjWjV 1120 dhuig } u'ag u'da 

lqjH[ ba[ u'ag u'da lqjRpS a'G fdhv'G waw lpsg sPu } epiP e+.o ljdhW 

ug sj f+wjL wi w[ Vjigbv sg F[B ba[ w[li sj davw wga[ qei'G 

f+atSj wi w[ lgl dVrjdHbj a[ `piqjdHbj lg dw tjvlj bwjv fpit 

s[ hrjv[ bjt' ug rjdhepiP m \wjWvg x[ig@ l`j 11| m FjHg iSZgi dl>z 

bjfSg fplaw l.a fs dViS{ dry wPdwbJ Wji[ dvts[ hV ^ ##H[l 

qgSfpS[ sg dViv,uaj a'G Wj; Vj bjRpS wjiV dHl wPwj L+[Sg } f>o 

V[ epiP zi dr,Dy'G ?jiu wi ds,aj h{ m us aw dHh qgS[ bjfSg dHl 

W,ui aV?jh } epiP f>o fjl'G Vj W?LjRpS@ dHh lsj vHg f>o a'G ?jiu 

hg idhSe[ m$$ f+>aP yapi v'wJ V[ WjWj ijq dl>z ug wpiWjVg s[ fp>u a[ 

epiP zi s[ bdVV l[rw } bjfSj epiP~c.q yvjRpS vHg zlgB dvbj 

\s[t'@ WjWj ijq dl>z ug sgbJ u[v% dy,ngbJ |m 

ijZj lpbjqg WjdWbJ s[ wjv[ v[t fplaw f+'`{li Vi{S dl>z V[ 

dvtg h{ a[ Fea fPiV dl>z WjVg df>evrjCj@ l+g b>Ddq+ali V[ f+wjdLa 

wgag h{ m dHl dwajW dry ijZj lpbjqg WjdWbJ sgbJ wjvgbJ wiaPaJ 

sj dy,nj t'v% w[ dvdtbj h{ m v[t sj bjwji r,cj h' ujS wjiV dHhVJ 

Wji[ h'i VhgG dvt dihj m sjl bwjv a?a ljdhW s[ uo[sji fjl W[Vag 

wi[ej dw ijZj lpbjqgbJ Wji[ hpwqVjqj ujig wi w[ ?jvlj f>o dr,Dy'G 

?jiu wiV s[ bjs[L ujig wga[ ujS m dHh l.loj Whpa VpwljV fhp.yj 

ihg h{ m h'i dT,v s[Sg f>o s[ dha dry VhgG h{ m 

s'sdCbJ sgbJ wiaPaJ sj w,yj dy,nj_w{V[cj a[ bqigwj dry 

;dhi x{vj w[ a[ dl,tJ s[ ev fpbj w[ b,u~w,v% dHl epiP c.q s[ f+yjiwJ 

V[ IP!w[! dry v.cV@ bjfSj h{cwpbjiBi WSj dvbj h{ m w{V[cj dry 

dHw b?Wjig dif'iB bVplji ^ ##v>cV Ldhi dry dHhVJ V[ bjfSj dHw 

H[u.B qpw,ii wgaj h'dHbj h{ m dHh v'wJ } a'h`[ ds>sj h{ ba[ RphVJ 

s[ b{ci{l dHw,n[ wi w[ w{veig } F[u dihj h{ aJ dw s'sdCbJ s[ 

h{cwpbjiBi a'G lqjeqJ l.W.Zg lq,eig a[ WjWP s[ hpwqVjq[ F[u[ uj 

lwS m dHl H[u.B Wji[ dHh rg l,y h{ dw dHh lojVw fdirjiJ dry 

epiWjSg wgiaV s[ rjla[ fj w[ h'i NPngbJ qPngbJ yjvJ y,v w[ NeC[ 


wirjRpS dry qLhPi h{ m wHg v'wJ V[ dHhVJ Wji[ sjl fjl'G fp,A fCajv 

rg wgag h{ m$$ 

wg dHh dl,t hV ( 


63 

wg dHh dl,tg sj f+yji wi ih[ hV ( dwM dHh v'w epiWjSg s[ 

bio Qva wis[ hV ( 

dHh v'w t'ug Vjq h[nJ f+wjLa fplawJ a[ f{GxdvB r.c ih[ hV m 

fdC%bJ ba[ dryjdibJ faj v,esj h{ dw dHhVJ epiWjSg dr,Dy'G apwJ 

y'ig wi w[ bjfS[ qa } x{vjRpS vHg dwajWygbJ dvtgbJ hV m dHh 

dl,tg bjL[ bVplji z'i fjf h{ m dHhVJ s[ yjBC[ epiP e+.o ljdhW sg 

hj;ig dry dHhVJ dwajWJ sg woj wis[ s[t[ eH[ hV m dHhVJ sg woj 

epiP~c.q } f+yjiVj a[ dl,tg s[ qp,Tv[ dl,ZJaJ dry L.w[ f{sj wiV[ hp.s[ 

hV m epiWjSg } drlwg Vjv apvVj s[Sg ba[ ejai[ } wp,Da[ s[ fB[ 

Vjv aLWgh s[Sg dHw Whpaj r,cj q?"v h{ m epiWjSg f>o vHg #LWs~ 

epiP$ h{ ba[ ejaij lq[a dwifjV epiP e'dW>s dl>z rv'G W?Lg l+g ljdhW 

h{ m epiP e'dW>s dl>z ljdhW hdobjiJ } Vqlwji wis[ hV m dHw dH>y 

sg dwifjV ev dry vBwjHg hg dHhVJ vHg wj`g h{ m u[wi Vj rg 

h'r[ aJ rg dHhVJ qpajdWw ngw h{ m dHl[ ai%J f>u WjSgbJ s[ dV,aV[q 

sj fjn wiVj rg dHh ;iPig Vhk lqNs[ m dli` Vjq ufSj@ Rph rg 

dHhVJ s[ aigw[ bVplji@ ufSj hg xvgFPa h' lwsj h{ m dHl[ ai%J 

epispbji[ upCg l.ea } dHh epiP sg l.ea hg Vhk lqNs[ m ##ljZP dWVp 

Vjhg sirji mm$$ wWgi ug sg WjSg s[ bio wis[ hV dw dHhVJ s[ 

epiP WjRP ug dWVJ l.ea qpw.qv Vhk h' lwsg m f+>aP l,Dy[ epiP sj dl,t 

epiP e+.o ljdhW sg h;Pig dry upCg l.ea dry ##!!!l.eda hdi f+Fp rl{ 

ugRp mm$$ \f>Vj 94| lqNsj h{ m aoj ##a[ l.a Fv[ epidlt h{!!!$$ \f>Vj 

588| 

WjWP ug sgbJ B[fJ sj VqPVj_WjRP ug sgbJ I,FvgbJ FigbJ da>V 

B[fJ l.eaJ dry r.cs[ hV m LjdHs hpS aw h'i rg qjiwgB dry bj 

yp,wgbJ h'S m B[fJ lpS w[ qV sptg h' Rpnsj h{ a[ WjRP ug s[ f{i'wjiJ 

$a[ ail bjMsj h{ m WjRP ug W'vs[ lpS'!!! YdH dur[G o'c[ a[ qjdHbj 

sj FPa lrji b{@ q[i[ a[ epiP VjVw sj FPa lrji b{ m q{} aJ fC%Vj 

rg VhgG bjMsj m q{} aJ bjf epiP VjVw b>si W{n w[ WpvjMs{ m epiP 

VjVw q[i[ dry bjMs{ RpdH m dxi q{} WjSg bjMsg bj m$$ dHw fjl[ 

epiP VjVw #uVq qiV a'G idha VjijdHS$ } FPa bjtsj h{@ sPli[ fjl[ 


64 


bjfP> epiP VjVw sg e,sg sj dr>e[ B[c[ aigw[ Vjv qjvw WSV sj IaV 

wisj h{ m dw,cj r,cj q,wji a[ yvjw h{ dHh WjRP ug m ep.qijh wisj 

h'dHbj dl,t l.eaJ } epiP zi a'G a'C w[ bjfS[ NPn[ ldal.e Wji[ B[f 

dry W'vsj h{ ^ YdH b{o[ bjY m epiqptJ dry W{n' RpdH m s[t' x[i m RpdH 

qhJfpit aJ dHw VgG qjS hp.sj x[i dHo[ dHw VhgG@ s' VhgG h;jiJ Hg 

b{ RpdH m hi e,v #RpdH$ Vjv LpiP wisj h{ ba[ W.s rg #RpdH$ bjt w[ 

hg wisj h{ m siLV sjl Wji[ qLhPi lg dw Rph wHg iPf Wsv v{Gsj 

lg m dHo[ dHh WjRP ws[ bVfC% WSsj h{ ba[ ws[ drsrjV m WjRP sg 

;WjVg lpS' ^ q{G Wji%J FjeJ dry l.ea $a[ v[t dvdtbj h{ m Rph} fC'% m 

x[i s[t' dwr[G o'} yf[CJ r,usgbJ@ ljcgbJ l.lojrJ lF NPn b{ RpdH m 

lptqVg fC% w[ wg tB dvbj RpdH@ debjVg dZbjVg WS[ dxis[ Y RpdH m 

RpdH o'} L"w BigBq{GB sg v'C b{@ dHdabjds m 

f>u dfbjdibJ sj l.wvf 

epiP e'dW>s dl>z ljdhW V[ f>u epiP dfbjdibJ } RpKyj blojV 

W?dLbj h{ m dl,t uea sg berjHg dHhVJ } hg l"Gfg h{ m hP~W~hP siLV 

sjlgH[ a[ ViwZjigbJ s[ fjH[ fPidVbJ $a[ y,vdsbJ dHl q,wji WjRP 

V[ f>u n,e ojf[ hV m dHV%J n,eJ s[ Vjq hV_bj;js dl>z@ Wviju 

dl>z@ uiV{v dl>z@ siLV dl>z@ lpiuga dl>zm dHh f>u[ WjRP ug s[ 

qphaWi hV a[ dl,t l.eaJ } xljRpS vHg bjfSg ;dhi Fig f+>aP t>c 

dvWCg ;WjV t'v%s[ hV m dHhVJ f>uJ dr,Dy'G dHw rg epidl,t idhSg rjvj 

dl>z VhgG h{ m 

bwjv a?a_bwjv a?a ljdhW } dl,t Ziq dry qgig fgig 

sj f+agw lqdNbj uJsj h{ m dHl sg dliuVj A[r[G fjaljh epiP 

hdie'dW>s ljdhW V[ wgag lg m sPi~spijc[ qpvwJ dry W{nj epiP sj dl,t 

dHl blojV sg Ijaij vHg ujyVj wisj idh>sj h{ ba[ Ijaij wiVj 

bjfS[ Z.VFje lqNsj h{ m ?jvlj f>o } bjfS[ Zpi[ a'G W[qp,t wiV vHg 

dHhVJ spiqagbJ V[ VrgG e'Gs ep.sg h{ m bjts[ hV dw s'sCJ ;jhij 

wvj riagGsg r[tg uj lwsg h{ m dl,t l.eaJ } f+[i w[ s'sCJ fhp.yjdHbj 

uj dihj h{ m bwjv a?a s[ a?a ljdhW } tp,v%j y{dv.u h{ m 

s'sdCbJ rjv[ epiP VjVw@ epiP e'dW>s dl>z s[ slJ fjaLjhgbJ 

sg u'da liPf epiP e+.o ljdhW s[ dl,t VhgG h' lws[ m epiP sj dl,t epiWjSg 

} bjfSj ugrV bjZji q>Vsj ba[ lqNsj h{ ##lWsp epiP lpida ZpdV 

y[vj$$ s[ dl,ZJa $a[ f+f,w dVlyj i,tsj h{ m s'sCgH[ dl,t l.eaJ } l,y[ 



65 

lp,y[ epiqda dl,ZJa a'G vJF[ wiV dry v,e[ h'H[ hV m dl,tg liPf dry 

dHh F[CgH[ hV m ZgiqvgH[@ ijqijHgH[ a[ qgS[ ql.sJ a'G dwl[ e,Dv'G z,B 

VhgG m sjl sg epiP ?jvlj fjl W[Vag h{ dw dHhVJ F,si fpiLJ a'G lpy[a 

ih' m bjfS[ epiP $a[ Fi'lj i,t' m ljrS Fjs'G sgbJ tp>WJ rJe dHh qgS[ 

rg bjfSg q"a[ qi ujSe[ m 


\f>ujW BjHgq;@ 3-10!1!1990|

s'sCgH[ f>ow wydhig $y 

q[ij v[t AfS Wjbs f>ow l'y i,tS rjv[ lpdhis rgiJ V[ 

s'sCgbJ s[ v.cV lojdfa H[u.BJ Wji[ a[ WjRP ug Wji[ sjl fjl'G fp,A 

de,A wgag lg m lisji WvWgi dl>z ug ei[rjv V[ bjf hg ##Qva 

`dhqg sj dLwji qsV dl>z$$ ?a s[l f+s[l s[ b>w V.^ 1071 dry Afrj 

w[ dW,vg o{dvRpG Wjhi v{ bJsg m Fjr H[u.B a[ WjRP ug sj faj s,l 

ds,aj h{ m sjl lisji WvWgi dl>z ei[rjv sj hjidsw Z.Vrjsg h{ 

dwMdw q[i[ rie[ qPit ba[ bdebjVg sgbJ Qva `dhqgbJ sPi wiV 

sj IaV wgaj h{ m 

h{ijVg sg e,v h{ dw lisji WvWgi dl>z ug sg dy,ng qpajdWw 

dHhVJ } WjRP ug s[ H[u.BJ Wji[@ f>u qphaWi l,uSJ Wji[ a[ f+'^ siLV 

dl>z sg dy,ng dry s'sCJ \s'ZCJ| s[ d;wi Wji[ aJ faj VhgG@ f+>aP 

rwjva dHhVJ sg LpiP wi ds,ag h{ m ujfsj h{ dw lisji WvWgi dl>z 

dy,B w,fCgH[ l.a fdhijr[ rjdvbJ s[ bap,B LiZjvP hV m dHhVJ } 

qpWjiw h'r[ m dHl[ hg bap,B LiZj a'G Fjrpw h' w[ fjnwJ } epiP~c.q 

s'sCJ s[ blv drL[ a'G hBjRpS vHg H[Zi RpZi sgbJ qji w[ dy,ng 

dvt qjig dw qsV dl>z Qva `dhqg sj dLwji h{ m 

WjRP ug sj df>c s'sCJ vpdZbjS[ dry h{ u' d;v%j Wdn>cj dry 

]@ w'Hg ?jl qh,aaj rjvg e,v VhgG m sjl V[ b?WjiJ dry fdC%bj 

h{ a[ dvt ds,aj m lisji WvWgi dl>z V[ dHl e,v } RpAjv w[ 

epiP~c.qgbJ sgbJ eagdrZgbJ $a[ fisj fjRpS sj dVlxv IaV wgaj 

h{ m dHh' duhgbJ e,vJ wi w[ Zpi b>si'G yvg bj ihg epiP qiIjsj Wji[ 

L.wj f{sj wi w[ l'Fsj VhgG m dHl[ ai%J wHg l.a qhjaqj s[ Vjq v{ 

w[ dl,t uea } Fpv[dtbJ dry fj w[ blv Vpwa[ $a[ wgag uj ihg 

dryji } Zp.svj wiV sj blxv IaV wgaj h{ m 

epiP zi dry b>Z~drLrjl \dul sg lisji WvWgi dl>z V[ 

rwjva wgag h{| sg w'Hg ue%j VhgG m ldaepiP ug sj hpwq h{ ^ 



67 

AklI swihbu syvIAY AklI pweIAY mwnu ] 

AklI piV@ kY buJIAY AklI kIcY dwnu ] 

nwnku AwKY rwhu eyhu hoir glW sYqwnu ] \f>Vj 1245| 

lj} rjdhepiP ug V[ Wp,Zg W?Lg h{ m epiqda wlr,Bg $a[ fit w[ 

dWW[w Wp,Z \bwv| Vjv fit wiVg h{@ Vj dw dy,DB[ y'v[ fjHg@ e'v q'v 

dy,BgbJ f,eJ W.V%g@ v.qgbJ t,pv%gbJ sjhCgbJ a[ siLVg qdC%bJ s[ qei 

v,e apiVj h{ m epidl,t sj ldawji ##u' sgl{ epidltCj dalp dVdr dVdr 

vjeRp fjdH ugRp mm$$ \f>Vj 763| s[ hpwq } q>VSj h{ f+>aP l.ag fdhijr[ 

dry vpw[ L{ajV sj fju t'v% w[ l.eaJ } WyS vHg f+[iVj s[Sg dV>Ddsbj 

VhgG@ Wvdw Fvj h{ m rZjb yC%jb w[ dwl[ drbwag } dwl[ wjiV 

WsVjq wiVj dV>sj h{ f+>aP l,y } l,y bjtSj epiP sg W?dLL h{ m F[tg 

a[ s.Fg l.a dV>Ddsbj s[ Qva Fjr s,l w[ Fp,vg a[ bVfC% uVaj } 

qei vj v{Gs[ hV m dHh' wpN s'sdCbJ rjv[ wi ih[ hV m sptg vpwjHg 

cisg vp,Bg uj ihg h{ m epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug sj `piqjV h{ ^ 

#Ziq yvjrV l.a RpWjiV mm spLB lFV wRp qPv RpfjiV mm$ vHg 

?jvlj f>o ljdubj m lj} dHl b>aigr Fjr } f,v[ W.V%Sj yjhgsj h{ 

a[ bjfSg i';qij d;>seg } epiP bjL[ qpajdWw TjvSj yjhgsj h{ m e,v 

vJF[ yvg eHg m blgG e,v wi ih[ lJ s'sCj epiP~c.q sg m dHhVJ s[ 

lqjeqJ dry qpà r.cgbJ uj ihgbJ dwajWygbJ sj bjY h'i 

bdZb{V wigH[ a[ dHhVJ s[ y[v[ yjBdCbJ sg blvgba a'G ujSP. h'HgH[ m 

Sachkhand on Earth Revisited dwajW dH>edvL dry dvtg h{ 

a[ bjfS[ lqjeqJ dry qpà r.cs[ hV m fjnwJ sg ujSwjig vHg 

dHl dry'G wpN vjHgVJ VqPV[ s[ a"i $a[ f>ujWg aiuq[ dry hj;i hV m 

dHl fplaw sj bji.F ##dHw Yq$$ b,ti Vjv LpiP wgaj debj h{ m epiP 

e+.o ljdhW sg WjSg sj bji.F ##O$$ \dHw YGwji| a'G h{ m ujS Wp,N 

w[ epiWjSg } Qva iPf dry f[L wiVj q[i[ d?bjv dry qVqa a[ 

z'i W[bsWg h{ m Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v h{ dw epiP hdi ijdH ljdhW V[ 

bjfS[ lfp,ai ijqijdH } epiP VjVw fjaLjh sg WjSg } WsvS wiw[ 

qP>h VhgG lg vjdHbj m dl,t uea ijqijHgbJ sj WjHgwjB epiP wjv 

a'G hg wisj bj dihj h{ m v[tw V[ dHo[ hg W,l VhgG wgag@ b,e[ h'i 

dvtsj h{ ^ 

##f>u l" ljv fdhvJ us'G epiP VjVw ljdhW ug s,tS Fjia sg 

Rpsjlg lq[G v'wJ sj RpKZji wis[ wis[ l+g v.wj eH[ aJ RphVJ sg Rpo[ 

dHw ijuwpqjig Vjv F[GB h'Hg u' RphVJ sg LiZjvP WS eHg m Rpl 

ijuwpqjig V[ epiP VjVw s[r ug } bjfS[ zi dry Wpvj w[ RphVJ sg 


68 


l[rj wiV sg dH,Aj ;jdhi wgag m epiP VjVw ljdhW ug V[ Rpl} l[rj 

sj q"wj dxi ws[ s[S sj WyV ds,aj m b{l r[v[ Rph iju wpqjig WjRP 

ulr.a dl>z sg l[rj s'sCJ dry epfa iPf dry wi ihg h{ m$$ 

WjRP ulr.a dl>z } epiP VjVw s[ iPf dry f[L wiVj a[ f+yjiVj 

epiP bjL[ s[ RpvB hg VhgG@ Wvdw W,ui wpwiq rg h{ m epiP qda bVplji 

sl[ epiP ljdhWjV uVq qiV a'G idha lV ^ 

H[wdh bjrV dxdi u'dV V bjdHbj mm \f>Vj 252| 

s[ qhJrjw bVplji sl epiP ljdhWjV dHw rji hg qVp,tg ujq[ dry 

bjH[ dxi VhgG bjRpSe[ m WjRP } epiP VjVw sj iPf bjtSj uJ apvVj 

s[Sg Whpa r,cg qVqa h{ m epiP zi dry WjWj Wp,Tj ug a[ FjHg episjl 

ug riegbJ qhjV hlagbJ h'HgbJ hV@ f+>aP RphVJ ws[ rg ldaepiP 

ug sg WijWig VhgG wgag m s'sdCbJ rjv[ dr>e[ B[T[ aigw[ Vjv epiP 

VjVw s[r ug s[ Vjq $a[ v'wJ } ep.qijh wi ih[ hV m epiP `piqjV h{ ^ 

siqguru myrw sdw sdw nw AwvY nw jwie ] 

Ehu AibnwsI purKu hY sB mih rihAw smwie ] (pMnw ãáå) 

aoj ^ 

so muKu jlau ijqu khih Twkuru jonI ] (pMnw ÝÝßâ) 

slJ fjaLjhgbJ V[ bwjv fpit sg siejh a'G dvbjH[ f+'eijq 

} bqvg ujqj fdhVjdHbj m b>a bjfSg u'da LWs~epiP upe' upe bB,v 

epiP e+.o ljdhW dry bF[s wi ds,ag m dHl lq[G wvup,e s[ l,y[ braji 

epiP e+.o ljdhW ug hg hV m s[hZjig w'Hg rg drbwag Fjr[G dw>Vj hg 

debjVrjV a[ drsrjV h'r[@ dHl sg WijWiaj VhgG wi lwsj m v[t 

s[ bjwji s[ r,c[ h' ujS s[ ci'G dHh r.Veg sgbJ bjHgbJ vjHgVJ 

hg wj`g lqNSgbJ yjhgsgbJ hV m 

ZpiJ a'G dHvjhg u'a sj Ziag a[ f+wjL 

dHl fplaw sj v[tw I'e[Lri bV.s lilrag h{ ba[ dHl sg 

FPdqwj WjRP ulr.a dl>z V[ ?ps bjf dvtg h{ m dHh dwajW Fg dHhVJ 

s[ qphaWi bjfS[ lqjeqJ dry bjq r.cs[ s[t[ uj lws[ hV m dHl 

fplaw dry WjRP ug Wji[ dvdtbj h{ ^ 

##Rpl dry i,Wg uvrj h{ m ;jhij VjVw u'a a[ fiqjaqj sg Nvw 

h{ m dul } epiP VjVw fiqjaqj s[ siLVJ sg bdFvjLj h{@ Rph WjRP 

ug w'v yvj uJsj h{ m WjWP ug lF s[ b>e l.e idh>s[ hV@ yjh[ ligiw 



69 

a"i $a[ aplgG sPi rg yv[ ujr' m WjRP ug sj lF a'G RpKaq w.q h{ lF 

} zp,B zp,B w[ u,xgbJ fj w[ dfbji s[Sj m dfbji sj vjrj dl,Zj lyt>c 

a'G b>Ddq+a ritj s[ iPf dry WjRP ug w'v fp,usj h{ dul Vjv Rph v'wJ 

sj v'w a[ f+v'w lpZji s[Gs[ hV ba[ wjdHbj wvf wi s[Gs[ hV m!!! 

##WjRP ljig l.eaJ sg ligiw a[ qjVdlw d;>q[rjig bjfS[ dli 

v{Gsj h{ dwMdw Rph lF dry dryi dihj h{ m Rpl sg l.ea dry Rph 

I'Z[ hV u' epiP e'dW>s dl>z r[v[ h'H[ lV m WjRP ug sj dWis lsj W?dL>s 

h{ dul bjli[ Rph du,aJ f+jfa wig uj ih[ hV@ dHdabjds m$$ dHl[ fplaw 

dry dl,t Ziq s[ qp,Tv[ blPvJ sg y.eg dtvg RpcjHg eHg h{ dur[G epiP 

`piqjV h{ ^ 

bdh wip wi[ lp bdh wip fjH[ w'Hg V fwCgb{ dwl{ ojdH mm 

\f>Vj 406| 

epiP ljdhW V[ w'Hg vjvy VhgG ds,aj ba[ Vj hg dwl[ sj dvhj; 

wgaj h{ m dl,tg sg sja s[S r[v[ rg dli q>Ddebj h{ a[ q'hi vjHg h{ 

##ly wg WjSg VjVwp bjt{ lyp lpSjdHlg ly wg W[vj mm$$ wg WjRP ug 

dul V[ dHl fplaw sg FPdqwj dvtg h{@ } VhgG faj dw dHl fplaw 

dry dwhCj dwhCj wpì a'dvbj debj h{ m s'sdCbJ s[ H[u.BJ w'v 

w'Hg RpKai h{ ( 

lisji WvWgi dl>z V[ wv[iJ rjdvbJ@ ijC[ rjdvbJ@ dlbjC 

rjv[ l.a qghJ dl>z ba[ wigy' rjv[ l.aJ s[ dVLwjq l[rw u,o[ } 

iPhjVgba s[ w[Gsi a[ dl,tg s[ o.q% dvdtbj h{ m WjRP ug sgbJ igwjic 

wgagbJ B[fJ LjdHs WvWgi dl>z V[ VhgG lpSgbJ uJ ujS Wp,N w[ s'sCj 

idh w[ l[rj wirjHg sj qp,v ajiV wiw[ bjfSg fjag dry yp,f r,B 

vHg h{ m WjRP ug qpajdWw lF dl,t l.lojrJ NPngbJ hV ^ 

1! WjWj qghJ dl>z s[ epispbjdibJ dry epiP ljdhW sj dVLjV ljdhW 

VhgG Npv lwsj m l.eaJ wjr{GBig uJ w{V[cj uj w[ s[t lwsgbJ 

hV m us dw epiP ?jvlj qp,T a'G hg N.c[ Wp.e[ upe' upe bB,v idhS 

vHg bisjl wisj bj dihj h{ m 

2! dHh' WjWj ug f>o a'G A[w[ WPBj dl>z s[ zi c[i[ vjMs[ hV m x'B' 

s[l f+s[l a[ h'i b?WjiJ dry Af yp,wgbJ hV m WPBj dl>z bwjv 

a?a ljdhW a[ h'i epispbjdibJ $a[ e'vjWjig wirj w[ TjhpS 

a[ dl,tJ s[ wav[bjq sj d;>q[rji h{ m 

3! dHhVJ WjdWbJ sj b>Ddq+a AwjRpS sj aigwj bjfSj hg h{ m 

bjfS[ y[v[ y[vgbJ sg deSag rZjRpS vHg s.fag sg WujdH 


70 


dHw,v[ dHw,v[ } hg b>Ddq+a Awj ds>s[ hV m wHg ue%j $a[ s[dtbj 

debj h{ dw WgWg b>Ddq+aZjig dwifjVZjig hp.sg h{ a[ zi rjvj 

z'Vj q'Vj LijWg wWjWg apdibj dxisj h{ m 

4! bt>c fjn lq[G WjdWbJ s[ f+yji } fdhv s[Sg dwhCg qa h{ ( 

l,y[ ljdhW sg WjSg fjng dl>z qP>h dry fC% dihj hp.sj h{ a[ WjWj 

qVzCa whjSgbJ l.eaJ } lpSj ih[ hp.s[ hV m 

dHl[ ai%J wHg h'i l.aJ s[ c[dibJ dry v.ei dry l.aJ sg uPn 

ivj w[ l.ea } AwjdHbj uJsj dihj h{ m wpilg $a[ dWijuqjV h' w[ 

q,Do[ dBwjRpS[ aJ qjqPvg e,v h{ m l.a ug qhjiju s[h wiw[ aJ f+v'w 

dlZji eH[ fi RpV%J sg e,sg epiP e+.o ljdhW sg hj;ig dry v,eg hpS 

rg s[tg uj lwsg h{ m F,pvC v'w WjW[ sg WgC } q,oj B[wS a'G Wjbs 

fdhvJ e,sg } rg Vqlwji wis[ hV m BPS[ aWga l.aJ s[ c[dibJ dr,Dy'G 

bjq dqvs[ hV m dHh epispbji[ spwjVJ sj iPf Zji yp,w[ hV m dwl dwl 

} lqNjHgH[@ dHo[ aJ bjrj hg RPdabj ujfsj h{ m l{wl lw{Gcv@ ci,e; 

lw{Gcv ba[ h'i wHg dHl ai%J s[ fif.y l.aJ s[ c[dibJ dry fvi 

ih[ hV m u[wi blgG dHhVJ fjt>cgbJ sj f'v t'v% w[ l.eaJ } dHhVJ 

a'G ljrZjV idhS vHg f+[is[ hJ aJ lj} WvWgi dl>z rie[ dV>sw sj 

àrj N,B ljsi wi ds>s[ hV m dV>Ddsbj s[ b>aigr~Fjr } Vj lqNS 

wiw[ epiP~c.q } WCjrj dqv dihj h{ m 

dHl ai%J f>ow Lwag t[iP. t[iP. h' w[ f>ow s'tgbJ vHg q?"v sj 

wjiV WSsg uj ihg h{ m dh>sPdH;q V[ Wp,Z qa a[ u{V qa } hC,f wi 

dvbj m dl,t Ziq } rg dVevS vHg wHg WhjV[ WSj w[ bjfS[ dry 

vf[BSj yjhp.sj h{ m 

dl,t Ziq dHw bj;js Ziq h{ m dHl sj bjfSj dVLjV@ bjfSj 

dHLB a[ bjfSg idha qiIjsj h{ m dHh Ziq dwl[ h'i bVqag Ziq 

sj qphaju VhgG m f+>aP sp,t hp.sj h{ lisji WvWgi dl>z ug rie[ fC[% 

dvt[ $a[@ duhC[ dHhVJ f>ow qjiP l.lojrJ sj ljo s[ w[ bjfS[ hg zi 

} aWjh wiV $a[ apv[ W{n[ hV m 

bisjl h{@ rjdhepiP ug bjfS[ dWis WjS[ sg vju i,tS a[ Fp,vC 

rgiJ } a,a epiqda s[ ejcg ijh $a[ y,vS sg lqi,oj W?LS m ljij 

w[l sjl V[ l.ea sg wydhig $y f[L wi ds,aj h{ m `{lvj l.ea V[ 

wiVj ] dw dHl Wgqjig sj bjfi[LV ws'G wiVj h{ m 


\f>ujW BjHgq;@ 25~31!1!1990|

t>c fjn ^ dHdahjl@ qiIjsj a[ qVqa 

bt>c a'G Fjr h{ dHw il@ vejaji m dHl f+wji bt>c fjn Rph 

fjn h{ u' dVi.ai h'r[ m dl,t lqju b>si bjds l+g epiP e+.o ug sj bt>c 

fjn wiV sj drZjV h{ m FjHg wjV% dl>z ug VjFj@ qhjV w'L dry 

l`j 40 $a[ bt>c fjn sg f+gFjLj Wji[ dvts[ hV ^ 

Rph fjn u' dVi.ai h'r[ m l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW sj fjn da>V fdhi 

dry lqjfa wgaj ujsj h{ m yji borj f>u fjng Iojwiq 

V.Wirji Wsvs[ idh>s[ hV ba[ fjn dVi.ai hp.sj idh>sj h{ m 

ldaepiJ s[ lq[G bt>c fjn VhgG h'dHbj wisj lg m Whpa v'w 

dsV ija bt>c sgrj qyJs[ hV m uv sj zCj ba[ Vjigbv 

bjds i,ts[ hV m fi dHh qiIjsj bi.F a'G VhgG yvg m 

bt>c fjn sg f+oj dl>z lFj vdhi a'G rZ[i[ f+yva h'Hg ujfsg 

h{ m b,u~w,v% aJ bt>c fjn itrjRpSj dHw dirjug a[ rfjig ilq WS 

debj h{ m W,y[ s[ uVq sg ?pLg a'G v{ w[ FjHgyjiw@ ijuVgaw ba[ 

drRpfjiw t[aiJ sg fPiag ba[ dq+aw ugr sg bjadqw wdvbjS aw 

f+yva h' debj h{ m ligiw bi'eaj a[ qjdHw lxvaj vHg rg bt>c 

fjn wirjRpSj ;iPig lqdNbj ujS v,e dfbj h{ m e,v wg@ hi ?pLg 

a[ Qqg s[ q"dwbJ $a[ bt>c fjn sg ilq f+ZjV h{ m 

bt>c fjn sg fdr,ai ilq ws'G a[ dwM LpiP h'Hg ( dl,t drsrjVJ 

s[ d?bjvjaJ dry Whpaj rti[rJ VhgG m df+>lgfv hiFuV dl>z ug dvts[ 

hV dw ##b,u dl,tJ dry bt>c fjn Fjr[G bjq qiIjsj a[ ilq duhg WS 

eHg h{@ f+>aP bi.F dry dHw quWPig@ vjyjig wi w[ L,pZ dhis[ Vjv o'C[% 

lq[G dry l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW sg ljig WjSg sj bt>c \vejaji| fjn wi 

w[ uJ lpS w[ dHl fjn } bVpFrg bjadqw debjV f+jfa wiV sj rlgvj 

WSjdHbj uJsj lg m$$ b`l'l Vjv dvtSj f{ dihj h{ dw bVpFrg bjadqw 

debjV f+jfa wiV sg WujdH b,u~w,v% blgG bjfS[ FjHgyji[ dry W,v[ 

W,v[ wijRpS sj lhjij v{Gs[ hJ m wHgbJ V[ aJ dHl ilq } Z.sj hg WSj 

dvbj h{ m blv q>ar qPv'G hg ?aq h' debj ujfsj h{ m 


72 


bt>c fjn f+ojdH FjHg ljdhW FjHg wjV% dl>z ug VjFj epiqda 

qjia.c fplaw s[ f>Vj 422 $a[ dHl ai%J dvts[ hV ^ 

?jvl[ s[ Wp,T[ sv sg iga lg dw us qpdh>q $a[ ujS uJ h'i 

wdnV wjiu wiV sj q"wj WS[@ as epiP e+.o ljdhW sj fjn 

wi w[ bisjlj l'Z w[ yC%jHg wgag uJsg lg m irjVeg r[v[ 

#iju wi[ej ?jvlj bjwg ih{ Vj w'dH m trji h'dH lF dqv{Ge[ 

Wy{ liS u' h'dH m$ lPiWgiJ sj h"Glvj rZjRpS vHg s'hij fC%s[ 

lV m ws[ ws[ b{lj wiV dry wHg dsV v,e uJs[ lV ba[ 

dT,v f{S $a[ wHg ai%J s[ drzV h' uJs[ lV m dlbjdSbJ sg 

lvjh Vjv bt>c fjn sj f+W.Z wgaj dw da>V fdhi dry F'e 

fj w[ wjiu bi.F wgaj ujr[ m Wp,T[ sv a'G aipSj sv V[ dHh 

iga vHg ba[ dxi lji[ f>o dry dirju f{ debj m h"vg-h"vg 

bt>c fjn a.a= Ljlai s[ s,Dl[ f+I'eJ rJe dHw q>ai ujf 

h' debj m Rpl[ ai%J bt>c sgrj@ ZPf@ wvL lojfS@ Vjigbv 

bjds sj riajY h'S v,ej m qV' wjqVj sg fPiag vHg dHh 

fjn RpKaq ljZV q>DdVbj debj m 

debjVg RPZq dl>z ug bjfSg fplaw epiqda dl,ZJa ljei s[ 

f>Vj 373 $a[ dvts[ hV ^ 

bt>c fjn sg qiIjsj epiP ljdhW r[v[ VhgG lg m dHh 

z,vPzjdibJ lq[G f>o V[ a'ig lg aJ dw o'C[% lq[G dry fjn h' 

ujdHbj wi[ m 

f+dl,Z drsrjV cjwBi qjV dl>z bjfSg fplaw dl,t Ziq a[ 

dl,tg s[ f>Vj 32 $a[ dvtsj h{ ^ 

q[ig fC%Sg dry bt>c fjn sg f+oj dViqv[ ba[ RpsjlgbJ 

s[ l.a qh.aJ V[ yvjHg f+aga hp.sg h{ m dHhVJ s[ t[ai btjC[ 

dh>sP agioJ $a[ lV_hdispbji@ WVjil@ eIj@ fijeiju@ u' 

W+jhqSrjs s[ eC% hV m dHhVJ l.aJ ljZPbJ V[ f>DdcaJ sg 

igl'~iglg epiP e+.o ljdhW ug s[ bt>c fjn LpiP wirjH[@ duo[ 

RphVJ dry Ziq e+.oJ s[ bt>c fjnJ sj dirju lg m 

Rpfi dvt[ drsrjVJ s[ d?bjvJ qpajWw dHh dl,Z hp.sj h{ dw bt>c 

fjn sj bi.F f>o s[ Wp,T[ sv V[ wgaj m dHh lqJ f>o vHg bda wnV 

a[ dWtCj lg m dl>z Fv[ lq[G sg Rpcgw dry u.evJ dry a[ fhjCJ sgbJ 

w.siJ dry vpw dAf w[ dsV w,Bg wis[ lV m dHl lq[G } dl,t dHdahjl 

z,vPzjdibJ sj dHdahjl rg dvtsj h{ m lq[G sg zjB a[ hi lq[G hqv[ 


t>c fjn^ dHdahjl@ qiIjsj a[ qVqa 

73 

sg l.FjrVj } qp,t i,t w[ o'C[% lq[G dry epiWjSg sj fPij vjhj v{S 

vHg dHhVJ lPiWgi@ Ziqg@ I'Z[ dl>zJ V[ bt>c fjn wiVj hg I'e 

lqdNbj m Wjbs dry dViqv[ a[ Rpsjlg ljZP l.aJ V[ f>DdcaJ s[ q.ai 

ujf sg Vwv widsbJ dHl } wiq~wJcg ilq WSj ds,aj m dHhVJ 

sg s[tj~ s[tg c[dibJ s[ l.aJ qh.aJ V[ h'i wHg ai%J s[ bt>c fjn LpiP 

wirj ds,Da[ m dur[G dw l.fB bt>c fjn@ lfajdhw bt>c fjn@ q't 

spbjij bt>c fjn@ Whp-fjng bt>c fjn@ wgaj wijdHbj bt>c fjn@ 

bt>c fjnJ sg vCg bjds m dHhVJ fjnJ s[ Vjv h'i rg wHg ai%J s[ 

wiq~wJcg W+jhqSg ilqJ yjvP wirj ds,agbJ m b,u~w,v% bt>c fjn 

W[b>a h' ih[ hV fi w"q t,uv ?pbji h' ihg h{ m w"q sg yC%sg wvj 

dwM VhgG hp.sg ( wjiV_epiqda ejcg ijh Fjr epiWjSg W'Z } dhis[ 

dry rljRpS sg WujdH wiq~wJcg ilqJ $a[ ljij ;'i v,e dihj h{ 

ba[ dryji sj f,vP A,c ds,aj debj h{ m 

qiIjsj ^ wrgiju l.a dVhjv dl>z ug fjn sg qiIjsj 

s,ls[ hV ^ 

b>V w' W.Z[u WJZ@ bjlV w' ljZ W[l@ 

eja w' bv'v LpZ H[w yjv v.duI' m 

yga w' dVi'Z w{ f+W'Z w{ f+wjL f+[q@ 

ejsg V dWAjdH Vj f+I.w hjo sgugI{ m 

tJlg *'Z rjiaj u.FjHg b{ cwji Agw@ 

ijlg lgGT@ q>s f"V oPw V wigduI{ m 

lja:wg lpFjr l[ bwjv w' vejdH fIjij@ 

e+.o uP w' fjn fIji[ b{lg FJa wgduI{ mm 

bt>c fjn lW.Zg L+'qSg wq[Bg b>Ddq+ali rv'G qiIjsj dHl f+wji h{ ^ 

##bt>c fjn dwl[ FgC uJ ?pLg lq[G wgaj uJsj h{ m dHh awigWV 48 

z>DdBbJ dry l.fPiS wgaj uJsj h{ m fjn lj` ba[ Lp,Z h'r[ m fjn a[; 

fC%Vj@ dul a'G lpSV rjvj wpN lqN Vj lw[@ epiWjSg sg dVijsig h{ m b,ti 

qjai sj dZbjV i,t w[ fjn Lp,Z a[ lj` wiVj yjhgH[ m Fjr[G lqJ wpN rZgw 

v,e ujr[ m u[ bt>c fjn wpN fdirji uJ l.eaJ V[ wiVj h{@ Rph bjf wi[ m 

B,Wi s[ bjsqg@ ljw~l.W.Zg@ dq,ai bjds dqv w[ wiV m fjngbJ sg deSag 

w'Hg qpw,ii VhgG m u[wi w'Hg bjsqg fjn VhgG wi lwsj aJ dwl[ y.e[ fjng 

w'v'G lpS vr[ fi dHh Vj h'r[ dw fjng dHw,vj Wdh w[ fjn wisj h'r[ a[ 

l.ea uJ B,Wi sj w'Hg W.sj Vj lpSsj h'r[ m F'e f{S r[v[ fjng sg F'uV 

a[ IojLwa WlaiJ bjds Vjv I'e l[rj wgag ujr[ m$$ 

bt>c fjn uJ h'i dwl[ ai%J s[ fjn r[v[ wp.F@ u'a@ Vjigbv bjds 


74 


i,tSj uJ Vjv-Vjv uJ dry~dry h'i dwl[ WjSg sj fjn ujig i,tSj 

qVqa h{ m bt>c fjn s[ bi.F r[v[ wCjh f+ljds h'r[ m dxi bV.sp ljdhW 

\A[ fRpCgbJ| s[ fjn qei'G bisjl wiw[ ba[ hpwq v{ w[ fjn sj bi.F 

wgaj ujr[ m bt>c fjn sj F'e qp>sjrSg RpKa[ uJ ijeqjvj fC% w[ y,vsg 

lojVw igag bVplji fjdHbj ujr[ m 

FjHg wjV% dl>z ug@ debjVg RPZq dl>z ug@ cjwBi qjV dl>z 

ug a[ h'i drsrjVJ s[ liW lJN[ d?bjv bt>c fjn lq[G y,v ihg qVqa 

Wji[ h[n dvt dihj hJ ^ 

1! Rpuia s[ w[ fjn wijRpSj@ a.ai Ljlai sg s,lg iga bVplji 

h{ m uf@ riSgbJ@ lfajdhw fjn@ l.fB fjn \lfajh l.fB fjn| r[v[ 

b>si fjn sg lqjfag@ Vv[i@ wvl@ dsV[ sgrj WjvSj bjdsw lF 

wiq dh>sP igag sg Vwv h{ m l.fB bt>c fjn sg drbjdtbj FjHg wjV% 

dl>z dHl ai%J wis[ hV ^ ##dwl[ apw } uJ fPi[ LWs } FjrVj bVplji 

xv s[S rjvg q>V w[ hi[w LWs ba[ fRpCg lv'w s[ bjds b>a s[ 

w[ fjn wiVj l.fB fjn h{ m dur[G ^ #lev qV'io fPi[@ bjds lyp upejds 

lyp mm h{ Fg lyp VjVw h'lg Fg lyp mm lev qV'io fPi[$ fC%Vj m cjwBi 

qjV dl>z ug rg l.fB bt>c fjn } bt>c VhgG lqNs[ m RphVJ qpajdWw ^ 

##l.fB fjn spbjij epiWjSg sg epiP ljdhW rv'G ds,ag aiagW F.e h' 

uJsg h{ m l.fB wj`g v.q[ij lqJ@ vejaji h'S wiw[ i';ejig e+.ogbJ 

sg dHw VrgG L+[Sg f{sj h' eHg h{ m$$ debjVg RPZq dl>z ug bVplji ^ 

##l.fB fjnJ dry Whpa Fp,vJ hp.sgbJ hV m fdhvg e,v aJ dHh h{ dw 

WjSg bt>c y,vsg h{ m dwl[ LWs s[ ipw w[ VgIa wgaj h'dHbj h'i 

LWs fC%Vj WjSg sg bt>caj dry i'w h{ m dHhVJ drsrjVJ qpajdWw 

l.fB fjn W+jhqSg igaJ sg Vwv h{@ Fjr qVqa h{ duhCg dw 

bdebjVaj wjiV uJ f{l[ WB'iV vHg uJ dl,t Ziq s[ qp,Tv[ dl,ZJaJ 

} Zp.svj wiV vHg yapi v'wJ V[ yjvP wgag h{ m$$ 

2! dHl lq[G dH,Dw' oJ $a[ Whpa[ fjn ws[ Lp,Z VhgG hp.s[ m bt>c fjn 

sg vCg ba[ l.fB fjn bjf-hpsig qiIjsj a[ qVqa h{ m 

3! duhC[ v'w bt>c fjn wirjMs[ hV@ fi Vj fjn lpSs[ hV 

a[ Vj h,ogG l[rj wis[ hV@ RphVJ } fjn sj w'Hg vjF VhgG m 

4! fjnJ sg w"q dry Fiqji h{ dwMdw dHhVJ sj fjngbJ a[ f+W.ZwJ 

s'hJ } qjdHw vjF hp.sj h{ m fi Lp,Zg a[ qiIjsj sj w'Hg f+W.Z VhgG m 

5! dHh l,yjHg h{ dw wHg fjnJ s[ F'e dWVJ fC[% uJ i,Dt[ hg fjH[ 

uJs[ hV fi u' wga[ uJs[ hV Rph rg bZPi[ a[ bLp,Z hp.s[ hV m 

6! bt>c fjn lq[G wp.F@ vjv wfC[ dry vf[dBbj Vjigbv ba[ 


75 

dVi.ai u'a uejRpSg uJ sgr[ Wjv w[ bjiag wiVg bjds igaJ Vjv 

epiqda sj w'Hg l.W.Z VhgG m 

7! epiP e+.o ljdhW sj q'V fjn \dWVJ ;pWjV dhvjH[ fjn wiVj| uJ 

fjn lq[G qhjiju b,e[ fCsj ajS s[Sj@ F[tg ljZJ sgbJ wjTJ hV m 

8! u[ spdVbjrg VL[ bqvgbJ } wpidvbJ Vjv VhgG@ fgS Vjv hg 

qlag ds>s[ hV aJ WjSg rg fdC%bJ Vhk@ wqjdHbJ LJag ds>sg h{ m 

9! bt>c fjn s[ F'e df,DA'G ufpug ljdhW sj fjn wiV sj w'Hg 

wjiV VhgG m s[tj~s[tg v'w wig uJs[ hV m 

10! bt>c fjn lq[G ufpug ljdhW uJ dwl[ h'i WjSg sj fjn rg 

Vjv-Vjv wig ujSj qV'wvdfa qiIjsj h{@ f+>fij VhgG m 

11! Whpa v'w y.sV@ w[li sj davw epiP e+.o ljdhW s[ f,adibJ 

$a[ wis[ r[tgs[ hV@ u' Whpa hg bI'e h{ m sgrjV dry lpe.Z rjv[ 

xp,v ba[ ZPf bjds fsjioJ sj drZjV hg wgaj ujSj yjhgsj h{ m 

12! wHg epiP e+.o ljdhW s[ fjn sj F'e fjRpS r[v[ dHh dVIq i,ts[ 

hV dw u[ ?pLg s[ q"w[ sj fjn h'r[@ as F'e df,DA'G f>u fRpCgbJ #ufp ug$ 

sgbJ fC%s[ hV m u[ bt>c fjn h'r[ aJ lji[ #ufp ug$ sj fjn wis[ hV m 

u[ yvjS[ sj fjn h'r[ aJ F'e df,DA'G #lsp$ sj fjn wis[ hV m dHh lF 

qV'wvdfa igaJ hV@ epiqda VhgG m us dw fjn sg lqjfag qp>sjrSg@ 

$a[ uJ ijeqjvj $a[ y,vsg lojVw igag bVplji h' uJsg h{ m 

13! wHg l.a qhjaqj b"ia } bt>c fjn sg i"v vjRpS a'G i'ws[ 

hV us dw epiP fjaLjh V[ b"ia } dl>z s[ WijWi sj siuj ds,aj 

h{ m dHh rg W+jhqSg wiq~wJcg igaJ sg Vwv h{ m 

l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW s[ fjn lq[G da>V e,vJ sj dZbjV i,tSj Whpa ;iPig 

h{_1! ligiw fdr,aiaj@ 2! ljrZjVaj@ 3! qV sg dHwjeiaj m qV sg 

dHwjeiaj a[ fjn sg Lp,Zg s'r[G fjn wiV lq[G Whpa ;iPig hV@ f+>aP dHh 

s'r[G fdr,ai d?bjv fjn wiV lq[G bv'f hp.s[ uj ih[ hV m epiWjSg } lqN 

w[ dhis[ dry rljRpS sg WujdH wiq~wJcg ilqJ } fPij wiV $a[ ljcj 

ljdibJ sj ;'i v,ej hp.sj h{@ us dw fjaLjh sj hpwq h{ ^ 

f+F wg Rplada wihp l.a qga mm ljrZjV H[wjei yga mm \f>Vj 295| 

VhgG aJ ^ 

bt>c fjn^ dHdahjl@ qiIjsj a[ qVqa 

dwbj fCgb{ dwbj epVgb{ mm dwbj W[s fpijVJ lpVgb{ mm 

fC[ lpV[ dwbj h'Hg mm uRp lhu V dqdvY l'Hg mm \f>Vj 655| 

b>a dry fjn wiV wijRpS sj fp>V aJ hg h{@ u[wi epiP qiIjsj 

a[ epiP hpwqJ } Ijs i,Ddtbj ujr[ m 


\f>ujW BjHgq;@ 15~21!10!1992|

ijeqjvj s[ Vjq $a[ 

?jVju.eg dwM ( 

#zi w' bje veg zi w[ yijQ l[$@ RpisP sj L[bi ljcg bu'wg 

f>ow ldoag sg fPig ai%J aiuqjVg wisj h{ m f>o ?jvl[ sg h' ihg 

spisLj Wji[ wgh} d;>q[rji bjtgH[@ us dw ljc[ hg dl,t Fij a[ 

uo[W.sgbJ Vr[G Vr[G L'L[ A,c w[ f>o } t[iP. t[iP. wiV vHg aafi hV ( 

h'L } dA,w[ B.e w[ blgG u'L s[ hC% dry ipC[% uj ih[ hJ m W.sPw sg ajwa 

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ai%J sg dlbjSf VhgG m bt>c wgiaVg uoj@ sqsqg Bwljv a[ bV[wJ 

h'i dl,t uo[W.sgbJ epiP f>o sgbJ dqlvJ hV m f>o sg yC%sg wvj vHg 

hi uo[W.sg bjfSj bjfSj I'esjV bjfS[ aigw[ Vjv fj ihg h{ m f+>aP 

wpN wp upNjiP uo[W.sgbJ ?PVg Bwijb } WC%jrj s[S vHg ZqwgbJ a[ 

NPngbJ dWbjVWj;gbJ b?WjiJ dry Afrj w[ Wvsg $a[ a[v fjRpS 

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ihg h{ dw dHhVJ NeCjvP uo[W.sgbJ V[ dHh' hg ?jdvlajV sg iPfi[tj 

WSj i,tg h{ ba[ ?jdvlajV WS ujS $a[ dHh' hg wC%g z'vSg h{( 

dHhVJ QvawjigbJ wiw[ blgG dl,t w"q sj ldhI'e erjHg uj ih[ 

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rg d?,a[ $a[ wjqIjW hp.sg VhgG s[tg eHg m 

f>o sg bj;js hlag sg iB blgG lsgbJ a'G lpSs[ a[ vjMs[ 

bj ih[ hJ@ f+>aP ljcgbJ wpN wp uo[W.sgbJ sj i'v Zpi[ a'G ApCdwbj v,esj 

h{ m 

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sg WujH[ w"q } h'i dV,a Vr[G Fpv[dtbJ dry fjdHbj uj dihj h{ m 

Wp,wv s[ l,f ljcgbJ upNjiP uo[W.sgbJ dry vpw[ W{n[ hV m lq[G 

lq[G q"wj ajC w[ dHh c.e qjig uJs[ hV m ijeqjvj l.W.Zg rjs~drrjs 

dHw r[iJ dxi F,t Rpdnbj h{ m dHh ?PVg Bwijb sj iPf rg Zji lwsj 


ijeqjvj s[ Vjq $a[ ?jVju.eg dwM ( 

77 

h{ a[ w"q } iljav sg t,c dry Qiw rg wi lwsj h{ m lq[G sg fpwji 

h{ dw dWW[w WpZ a[ dryji wiw[ dHl Fpv[t[ } sPi wgaj ujr[ m sjl 

V[ ijeqjvj Wji[ y,v ih[ rjs~drrjs } b?WjiJ dry fdC%bj a[ sptg 

dhis[ Vjv wpN laiJ dvt w[ s[l f+s[l s[ fjnwJ Vjv dryji lJNg 

wiV sg ?pLg v{S sj IaV wgaj h{ m sjl sg W[Vag h{ dw q[i[ dHhVJ 

d?bjvJ } dwl[ drbwag uJ uo[W.sg s[ d?vj` Vj lqdNbj ujr[ m 

dryji sj f,vP xC w[ lj} ljdibJ } dHl `;Pv wgag uj ihg Wdhl 

$y'G dVwv w[ bjfSg Lwag } h'i f>ow w.qJ $a[ vjRpSj yjhgsj h{ m 

f>o dry ijeqjvj fC%V uJ Vj fC%V Wji[ q,aF[s wHg shjdwbJ 

a'G ydvbj bj dihj h{ m dqlvJ dry q,aF[s h'S s[ WjruPs rg hi qpLwv 

lq[G dl>z dHwqp,n h' w[ spLqS Vjv v'hj v{Gs[ ih[ lV m dHl[ ai%J a,a 

?jvlj a[ W.sHg ?jvlj dry q,aF[s f{sj h' eH[ lV m FjHg qVg dl>z 

ug Lhgs a[ h'i epiP w[ vjvJ V[ dfbji Vjv qlv[ lpvNj vH[ lV m dHl 

lq[G ijeqjvj r,cj dHLP WS debj h{ m w"q sg Wsdwlqag h{ dw ljcg 

vgcidLf wpN lq[G a'G bVfC% B'v[ s[ h,oJ dry h{ m epiqda d`vjl`g 

} bjfS[ ugrV sj bjZji WSjRpS sg WujdH ljc[ vgci bjfSg hPC 

qa } ngw lqN w[ w"q $a[ n'lS s[ IaVJ dry hV m 

ijeqjvj a[ h'i qiIjsj Wji[ rjs~drrjs FjHg ulWgi dl>z s[ 

bwjv a?a s[ uo[sji ojf[ ujS Wjbs dAdCbj h{ m FjHg ulWgi dl>z 

V[ e'vg sg ajwa a[ uo[sjig sg hRpq{ wiw[ l+g bwjv a?a $a[ 

ijeqjvj fC% w[ fjn sj F'e fjRpS s[ bjs[L ujig wi ds,a[ ba[ l+g 

hdiq>si ljdhW drt[ Ljq } idhijl s[ fjn dry rg aWsgvg wi ds,ag m 

dHh w.q dl,t sjVLriJ ba[ ljig dl,t w"q } Fi'l[ dry dvbj w[ wgaj 

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V[ firjV VhgG wgag m dHl wiw[ Wdhl sj wjiV WSsg bj ihg h{ m 

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dryji Wjbs `{lvj wi ds,aj lg dw ijeqjvj fC%g Vj ujr[ a[ l+g 

bwjv a?a ljdhW a'G hpwqVjqj ujig h' debj lg m y,vg bj ihg f+>fij 

bVplji l+g bwjv a?a ljdhW a'G ujig h'dHbj hpwqVjqj rjfl VhgG 

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s[ qptg L+'qSg wq[Bg $a[ wjW; h'S Wjbs ijeqjvj fC%V $a[ ;'i s[S 

v,e[ m fi bwjv a?a ljdhW s[ hpwq } y{v.u VhgG lg wi lw[ m dHl 

vHg ijeqjvj l+g hdiq>si ljdhW a[ h'i wHg epispbjdibJ dry fC% 

w[ F'e fjRpS v,e fH[ fi bwjv a?a $a[ ijeqjvj VhgG lg fC% hp.sg m 

fjnwJ sg ujSwjig vHg l+g bwjv a?a ljdhW a[ uVq blojV 


78 


l+g VVwjSj ljdhW duo[ L+'qSg epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg sj w.Bi'v dihj 

h{@ fjnJ sg lqjfag lsj hg qp>sjrSg $a[ wgag uJsg h{ m 

f+oq wjv dry W[b>a f>o-f+daLB drbwag ba[ l.lojrJ fjn 

sj F'e qp>sjrSg Rpa[ hg fjRpS s[ qp,sHg lV m RphVJ dr,Dy'G FjHg ljdhW 

FjHg wjV% dl>z VjFj@ debjVg ds,a dl>z@ f+'^ epiqpt dl>z@ debjVg 

debjV dl>z@ f>Ddca ajij dl>z Vi'aq@ qhJwrg FjHg l.a't dl>z@ 

f>Ddca h;jij dl>z@ qj^ q'aj dl>z@ debjVg L[i dl>z@ qj^ qdhajW dl>z@ 

qj^ ajij dl>z@ de! Vjhi dl>z@ df+>^ ZiqjV.a dl>z@ f+'^ a[uj dl>z@ 

df+>^ e.ej dl>z@ f+'^ e.cj dl>z@ f+'^ ljdhW dl>z@ l! LqL[i dl>z bL'w@ 

l! wiaji dl>z sjtj@ Wjrj hidwLV dl>z@ l! iSZgi dl>z igliy 

lwjvi@ df+^ epiqpt dl>z dVhjv dl>z@ df+>^ dVi.uV dl>z@ FjHg ljdhW 

FjHg iSZgi dl>z ug s[ Vjq riSVI'e hV ba[ b,u rg r,cg l.dtbj 

rv'G F'e qp>sjrSg Rpa[ hg fjdHbj uJsj h{ m 

dHl l.siF dry FjHg edu>si dl>z y[biq{V sv ?jvlj sj 

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s[ l`j 39-41 dqag 28-7-89 dry Adfbj lg@ dvdtbj h{ dw Zqwg 

s[S rjdvbJ sg l'y ba[ sjbrj h{ dw sqsqg Bwljv hg f>o dry 

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uoj ba[ W,Wi tjvlj s[ qptg uo[sji lpts[r dl>z s[ drip,Z bda sg 

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h' eHgbJ hV m dziSa LWsjrvg rjvgbJ dy,ngbJ bt>c wgiaVg 

uo[ s[ uo[sji ijq dl>z } dvtgbJ eHgbJ m dHl Zqwg Fi[ ?aJ sg 

d;>q[rjig FjHg iAfjv dl>z ug `"ug \RplqjVrjvj| sg berjHg rjvg 

f>ow wq[Bg ba[ Rpl s[ hqjdHag wpN uo[W.sgbJ V[ vHg h{ m dHhVJ 

dWbjVJ dry wHg Qva sPLS vjH[ eH[ hV m RpsjhiS s[ a"i $a[ FjHg 

ijq dl>z V[ ijeqjvj idha WgC dvt w[ bwjv a?a ljdhW $a[ q,Dv'q,vg 

blojfS wiV sj IaV wgaj h{ m Rpfi.a yji dHh' duhgbJ WgCJ 

dabji wi w[ yji h'i L+'qSg epispbjdibJ $a[ lpL'dFa wiV sg w'dLL 

wgag h{ m FjHg ijq dl>z } #dl,t idha qiIjsj$ qpajdWw s.c vjdHbj 

ujr[ a[ bt>c wgiaVg uo[ sj WjHgwjB wgaj ujr[ m 

ZqwgbJ s[ RpKai dry f>u uo[W.sgbJ rv'G f>ujWg dB+dWRPV 

y.cgeC% dqag 1-11-90 dWbjV dry Adfbj h{ - #ijeqjvj s[ qp,s[ 

$a[ ?jVju.eg drip,Z dyajrVg$ s[ dliv[t h[n dvdtbj h{ dw W,Wi ?jvlj 



79 

s[ f+{Kl lw,ai FjHg wpvr.a dl>z V[ dwhj h{ dw l.a uiV{v dl>z 

dF>ciJrjv[ r[v[ rg bwjv a?a ljdhW $a[ ijeqjvj VhgG fC%g uJsg 

lg m dHw rji l.a uiV{v dl>z s[ Fagu[ FjHg lriV dl>z V[ bwjv 

a?a ljdhW $a[ ijeqjvj fC% ds,ag lg dul} l.a dF>ciJrjdvbJ V[ 

s'Lg wiji s[ w[ bjf cJeJ Vjv wp,DdBbj lg m l.a dF>ciJrjv[ wdh>s[ 

lV dw dfAv[ `{lv[ dry aWsgvg lqp,yj f>o hg wi lwsj h{ m dHl 

f>ow wq[Bg V[ dyajrVg ds,ag h{ dw F>cg f+yji W>s wgaj ujr[ m bduhj 

Vj wgaj debj aJ n'l wjirjHg wiV a'G l.w'y VhgG wgaj ujr[ej m 

uo[W.sg V[ FjHg ijq dl>z } ds,ag dyajrVg sj e.Fgi V'dBl dvbj 

h{ m 

FjHg edu>si dl>z bjfS[ v[t dry dvtsj h{ dw 1984 aw 

sqsqg Bwljv s[ qptg l.a uiV{v dl>z ug l+g siWji ljdhW s[ b>si 

q"uPs ih[@ fi RphVJ V[ Rpo[ yvg bj ihg qiIjsj } Vj ws[ tp,v%g Wdhl 

sj dHLP WSjdHbj a[ Vj ws[ Z,w[ Vjv vjeP wiV sg w'dLL wgag m duhC[ 

dl>z b,u qiIjsj sg aWsgvg s[ drL[ } ?PVg BwijY sj iPf s[S sgbJ 

e,vJ wi ih[ hV@ wg Rph ljWa wiVj yjhp.s[ hV@ dw Rph l.aJ a'G 

d;bjsj lqNsji V[ uJ dHh ljWa wiVj yjhp.s[ V[ dw l.aJ a'G d;bjsj 

lPi[ V[ uJ dxi Bwljv vHg f>o sg berjHg sj h,w l.aJ sg Lhgsg 

sg wgqa ru'G rlPvSj yjhp.s[ V[ m 

FjHg ijq dl>z uo[sji bt>c wgiaVg uo[ sj lf,LBgwiV_dHh 

dWvwpv l`{s NPn h{ dw sjl V[ dHl fjrV WgC } l+g bwjv a?a 

ljdhW $a[ uJ dwl[ h'i epiZjq $a[ blojfS wiV vHg w'Hg Rpfijvj 

wgaj h{ uJ dwl[ Vjv e,vWja wgag ]m dHh rg w'ij NPn h{ dw sjl 

rv'G epiZjqJ $a[ lojfS wga[ ujS vHg yji fjrV WgCJ dvtgbJ uJ 

dvtrjHgbJ eHgbJ hV m sjl O a'G v{ w[ qp>sjrSg aw epiWjSg q>V 

w[ fjn sj F'e qp>sjrSg RpKa[ hg fjMsj h{ m dHl vHg dHh WgC qp>sjrSg 

aw hg dvtg eHg lg m qp>sjrSg aw dHh dHw,vg WgC VhgG@ h'i rg 

bduhgbJ fpijaV W[b>a h,o dvta WgCJ s[lJ f+s[lJ dry RpfvWZ hV m 

beV-F[GB h' yp,wg dl,t i{ì{Gl vjdHWi[ig dry rg wHg WgCJ qp>sjrSg 

aw hg lV m Rpfi'wa vjdHWi[ig dry dHw h,o dvta WgC u' qp>sjrSg 

aw lg@ a?a l+g sqsqj ljdhW a'G lf{Lv a"i $a[ q>erjHg eHg lg m 

L+'qSg epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg@ b>Ddq+ali rv'G lf,LBgwiV_siWji 

ljdhW b>Ddq+ali s[ ljWw qpt e+.og debjVg fPiV dl>z \q"uPsj h{Kc e+.og 

aiVajiV ljdhW| bwjv a?a ljdhW s[ h{Kc e+.og debjVg FerjV 

dl>z ug ba[ L+'qSg wq[Bg s[ lw,ai l! qVuga dl>z wvw,aj V[ FjHg 


80 


iAfjv dl>z `"ug f>ow wq[Bg ba[ Rpl s[ hqjdHag wpN uo[W.sgbJ s[ 

Vjq h[nJ b?WjiJ dry Af[ dHw dWbjV $a[ l?a i'l sj f+eBjrj 

widsbJ lqPh dl,t uea } bjejh wgaj h{ dw dwl[ rg drbwag V[ 

wsg bduhg WgC sg bwjv a?a ljdhW $a[ f+wjL wiV vHg fhp.y 

VhgG wgag m 

qjqvj dHo[ hg ?aq h' ujSj yjhgsj lg@ f+>aP WjWj njwpi dl>z 

a[ WjWj upde>si dl>z bjfS[ qV sg FCjl w,T w[ qpbjqv[ } h'i 

RpvNjHg uj ih[ hV m Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v h{ dw dHh s'V'G hg FjHg 

uiV{v dl>z \l.a dF>ciJrjv[| } Lhgs h'dHbj VhgG q>Vs[ m bjts[ hV 

dw Rph d;>sj hV m lqJ bjRpS $a[ f+eB h'Se[ m Z.V hV dHh rgi a[ 

Z.V dHV%J sg drsraj m 

fjnwJ sg ujSwjig vHg #dl,t idha qiIjsj$ f+wjLw@ L+'qSg 

epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg@ l+g b>Ddq+ali l.V 1938 dry dvdtbj h{ dw 

##F'e qp>sjrSg $a[ fjdHbj ujr[ ba[ ijeqjvj Vj fC%g ujr[ m$$ ijeqjvj 

Wji[ qaF[s dxi rg dihj m dHl ijeqjvj vHg 1945 s[ b{cgLV dry 

dHl ai%J dvdtbj debj ^ ##F'e qp>sjrSg Rpa[ uJ ijeqjvj fC% w[ 

lojVw igag bVplji fjdHbj ujr[ m ijeqjvj Wji[ f>o dry bu[ a,w 

qaF[s h{ m$$ dHl ai%J FjHg hiWtL dl>z y{Bhq rjdvbJ s[ fp,A[ lrjvJ 

s[ RpKai dry bwjv a?a rv'G dqag 4-7-70 } dHl ai%J RpKai ds,aj 

debj ^ 

1! l+g bwjv a?a ljdhW b>Ddq+ali drt[ ijeqjvj VhgG fC%g 

uJsg a[ Vj hg ijeqjvj $a[ w'Hg qhvj bjds h{Kc v[t ru'G ds,aj debj 

h{ dul a'G dViSj h' lw[ dw dHh dwl epiP sg WjSg h{ m 

2! u[ l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW s[ fjn Rpfi.a ijeqjvj Vj fC%g ujr[ 

aJ e+.og dl>z aV?jhgbj VhgG m 

3! bjds WgC wiajifpi ljdhW rjvg WgC dry ijeqjvj h{@ fi 

#a[ij wgaj uja' Vjhg-$ LWs s[ df,A[ h{ m \sl?aJ a'G df,A[ h{| 

sjl V[ Whpa ljigbJ fpijaV h,o dvta WgCJ s[ siLV wga[ hV 

duhVJ dry ijeqjvj VhgG lg m dHw h,o dvta WgC ijeqjvj idha 

cjwBi y.V wjr{GBig rjdvbJ fjl rg h{ m sjl V[ dHl WgC s[ siLV 

wga[ hV m wHg b{lgbJ WgCJ rg hV duhVJ dry ijeqjvj a'G dHvjrj 

h'i wHg qjvj a[ rjZP WjSgbJ hV m rjZP LWsJ a'G dHvjrj epiP ljdhW 

s[ u'ag u'da lqjRpS sgbJ doaJ ba[ dlbjhg dabji wiV sgbJ 

drZgbJ dvtgbJ h'HgbJ hV m dHh' duhg WgC qjlBi bqi dl>z ciWg 



81 

rjdvbJ fjl dHl rwa rg q"uPs h{ m ijeqjvj dwl V[ dvtg ( dwl 

V[ fjrV WgC dry siu wgag ( a[ bio Fjr wg hV ( dHl Wji[ bjfS[ 

rgyji dxi dwl[ v[t dry dvtJej m f>o sgbJ qpLwvJ dry rjZj wiVj 

q[ij qp,sj VhgG ba[ dHl lq[G h'i rjs~drrjs } A[CVj rg sjl ngw 

VhgG lqNsj m sjl sg W[Vag h{ dw dHh qpbjqvj ngw lqJ bjRpS $a[ 

Vdu,Ddnbj ujr[ m q>NZji dry xlg W[Cg } Wjhi w,TS sj IaV hg 

ljcj ljdibJ sj h'Sj yjhgsj h{ m NeCjvP a[ q"wj~f+la b{GBg-f>ow 

l,fJ a'G WySj yjhgsj h{ m 


\s[l f+s[l@ 7!12!1990|

l.a fs Wji[ dryji 

qVp,t sg RpKVag s[ ila[ dry lF a'G r,cg ipwjrB bdebjVaj 

h{ m Fjr[G Rph bdZbjaqw t[ai dry h'r[ uJ fsjiow t[ai dry h'r[ m 

dHl dry w'Hg L,w VhgG dw fsjiow a[ bdZbjaqw t[aiJ sj debjV 

r,t r,t h{@ f+>aP dul V[ hva a[ fva s'r[G hg l.rjiV[ h'S@ Rpl vHg 

s'V'G hg debjV a[ dWW[w ;iPig hV m dHl lq[G dl,t Ziq qVqa sg vf[B 

dry h{ a[ Wpig ai%J iljav r,v Zw[dvbj uj dihj h{ m f>ow s'tg wHg 

ai%J s[ L.w[ tC[ wi w[ dl,t Ziq s[ qp,Tv[ dl,ZJaJ } Zp.svj wiV dry 

ipN[ h'H[ hV m hqv[ Wjhi'G aJ h' hg ih[ hV ba[ Wp,wv s[ l,fJ@ s.Fg a[ 

fjt>cg l.aJ sj rg y.ej sjb v,ej h'dHbj h{ m dHl qVqag hC% a'G 

WyS vHg ljc[ fjl dfY sjs[ sj ?;jVj epiWjSg h{ dul ijhgG l,y 

NPn sg fdhyjS epiqda wl"Bg $a[ wi lws[ hJ m 

f>o dry l.a a[ ljZ fs Wji[ da>V d?bjv f+y,va hV - 

1! l.a fs dli` epiP f+ojdH m 

2! l.a fs dl,t udebjlP f+ojdH m 

3! l.a fs epiP fjaLjh a'G Rpai w[ sPuj siuj l.aJ sj m 

l.a fs epiP f+ojdH q>VS rjv[ WC[ w,BC hV m epiWjSg dry da>VJ 

hg sidubJ dry l.a uJ ljZ fs ridabj debj h{ m debjV a[ dWW[w 

Wp,Zg Vjv dryji wgdabJ blgG wpN vjF Rpnj lws[ hJ m bjY dryji 

wigH[ ^ 

1! l.a fs epiP f+ojdH 

epiP ljdhWjV V[ WjSg dry dHl fs sg Whpa r[iJ ria'G wgag 

h{ m lptqVg ljdhW sg l,argG a[ a[i%rgG blBfsg dry l.a fs dVi'v 

epiP ljdhW f+ojdH hg h{ m dHl l.W.Z dry FjHg ljdhW FjHg iSZgi dl>z 

ug V[ l.a fs dViS{ fplaw dry dHw ue%j dvdtbj h{ dw epiP y"og 

fjaLjhg V[ duo[ dwo[ rg l.a sg qdhqj epiP liPf dry ejHg h{@ dao[ 



83 

RphVJ sj lVqpt dVLjVj l+g epiP bqisjl ug sg bv"dww fdr,a+ea 

hlag Rpa[ hg h{ m dHl[ f+wji epiP agug fjaLjhg V[ l+g epiP b>es ljdhW 

ug sg epiP l.a hlag lVqpt i,t w[ epiP liPf dry l.a fs sg Rpfqj 

wgag h{ m epiP b>es ljdhW ug V[ eiP fdhvg fjaLjhg } epiP l.a l'h[G 

i,t w[ l.a fs } epiP s[ ojM ridabj h{ m dHl[ f+wji l+g epiP f>yq 

fjaLjh V[ ##Fjep h'bj epdi l.ap dqvjdHbj mm f+Fp bdWVjlg zi qdh 

fjdHbj mm$$ bjds epi qdhqj-qHg rjwJ dry y"og fjaLjhg sj liPf 

hg lVqpt i,t w[ l.a fs sg rdcbjHg wgag m Rpl lq[G epiP fjaLjh 

s[h liPf lV m dHl vHg FjHg ljdhW sj Rpfi dvdtbj d?bjv dWvwpv 

ngw ujfsj h{ m dHl dtbjv sg fpLBg h'i rg wHg drsrjVJ V[ 

bjfSgbJ dvtaJ ijhgG wgag h{ m 

l.a fs epiP f+ojdH epiWjSg dry bV[wJ rji epiP ljdhW V[ 

ridabj h{ m h[nJ wpN wp f>eagbJ s[ dihj hJ ^ 

siqguru sµqu imlY sWiq pweIAY iklivK duK kwty siB dUir ] 

Awqm joiq BeI prPUilq purKu inrµjnu dyiKAw hjUir ] 

\f>Vj 1198| 

hir ieksY dI mY tyk hY jo isir sBnw smrQu ] 

siqguir sµqu imlwieAw msqik Dir kY hQu ] \f>Vj 958| 

sµqn mo kau hir mwrig pwieAw ] 

swD i¸pwil hir sµig igJwieAw ] 

hir hmrw hm hir ky dwsy nwnk sbdu gurU scu dInw jIau ] 

\f>Vj 100| 

ljZ fs sg ria'G rg epiWjSg dry bjHg h{ m ljZ s[ bio debjVg 

RPZq dl>z ug s[ qpajdWw qhJfpiL dul V[ fPig ai%J bjfS[ bjf } 

ljdZbj h'dHbj h{ Fjr u' wjq@ *'Z@ v'F@ q'h@ bh.wji@ bjLj@ da=LVj 

bjds i'eJ a'G idha h' yp,wj h{ m epiWjSg dry b{l[ ljZ sg ajig` dHM 

wgag eHg h{ ^ 

dUK rog ibnsy BY Brm ] 

swD nwm inrml qw ky krm ] \f>Vj 296| 

Rpfi dvt[ epS bjq ljZ dry VhgG dqv lws[ m dHl vHg dVly{ 

hg epiP ljdhW V[ ljZ fs sg ria'G epiP fs vHg hg wgag h{ m epiP `piqjV 

h{ ^ 

ibnu nwvY ikAw jIvnw iPtu iDRgu cqurweI ] 

siqgur swDu n syivAw hir Bgiq n BweI ] \f>Vj 422| 


84 


hir gux gwvY hau iqsu bilhwrI ] 

dyiK dyiK jIvw swD gur drsnu ijsu ihrdY nwmu murwrI ] 

\f>Vj 528| 

hir hir myil myil jn swDU hm swD jnw kw kIVw ] 

jn nwnk pRIiq lgI pg swD gur imil swDU pwKwxu hirE mnu mUVw ] 

\f>Vj 698| 

l.a fs epidl,t f+ojdH_epiWjSg dry epiP ljdhW V[ dl,t } qga@ 

luV@ fsJ Vjv drbjdtbj h{ m dul ai%J ^ 

sµq sjn sunhu siB mIqw JUTw eyhu pswrw ] 

myrI myrI kir kir fUby Kip Kip muey gvwrw ] 

gur imil nwnk nwmu iDAwieAw swic nwim insqwrw ] \f>Vj 380| 

dHo[ dHl f>eag dry epiP ljdhW V[ bjfS[ dl,tJ } l.a@ qga@ 

luV wdh w[ l.W'ZV wgaj h{ ba[ RphVJ } drijeqHg dHh Rpfs[L 

ds=C%jdHbj h{ dw ds+LBqjV fljij lF NPnj h{ m l,Dy[ ldaepiP a'G l,Dy[ 

Vjq sg f+jfag h'S $a[ hg fji Rpajij h'Sj h{ m aoj ^ 

Andu suxhu vfBwgIho sgl mnorQ pUry ] 

pwrbRhmu pRBu pwieAw auqry sgl ivsUry ] 

dUK rog sµqwp auqry suxI scI bwxI ] 

sµq swjn Bey srsy pUry gur qy jwxI ] 

suxqy punIq khqy pivqu siqguru rihAw BrpUry ] 

ibnvµiq nwnku gur crx lwgy vwjy Anhd qUry ] \f>Vj 922| 

dHo[ rg #l.a ljuV FH[ lil[$ rjvg f>eag epiP ljdhW V[ dl,tJ 

f+ojdH hg dvtg h{ m dHl[ ai%J bV[wJ hg epiP `piqjV hV@ duhC[ Rpfi 

dvt[ LWsJ sg fpi;'i f+'C%aj wis[ hV m v[t s[ bjwji s[ r,c[ h'S s[ 

ci wjiV BPw qjai hg dvdtbj h{ m epiP ljdhW V[ l.a sg ajig` 

widsbJ dvdtbj h{ ^ 

ijnw swis igrwis n ivsrY hir nwmW min mMqu ] 

Dµnu is syeI nwnkw pUrnu soeI sµqu ] \f>Vj 319| 

f+>aP dHh' duhj l.a b,u w,v% dwo[ dqvsj h{( ##l.aJ s[ r,e dxis[ 

q{G wghs[ yiVgG h,o vjrJ$$ e,v qLhPi h{ m epiP fjaLjh V[ dHh' duh[ 

l,y[ l.a uJ epidl,t Wji[ `{lvj ds,aj h{ ^ 

hV ^ 

kotn mY nwnk koaU nwrwienu ijh cIiq ] \f>Vj 1427| 

fjt>cg@ s.Fg a[ wvupeg l.aJ Wji[ epiP ljdhW V[ wiC[ LWs ria[ 



85 

ihrdY ijn@ kY kptu vsY bwhrhu sµq khwih ] 

iq®snw mUil n cukeI AMØiq gey pCuqwih ] \f>Vj 491| 

qpw n hovY AMdRhu loBI inq mwieAw no iPrY jjmwilAw ]... 

bwhir bhY pMcw ivic qpw sdwey ] 

AMdir bhY qpw pwp kmwey ] \f>Vj 315| 

hir AMdrlw pwpu pMcw no auGw kir vyKwilAw ] 

Drm rwie jmkµkrw no AwiK CifAw eysu qpy no, 

iqQY KiV pwiehu ijQY mhw mhW hiqAwirAw ] 

iPir eysu qpy dY muih koeI lghu nwhI eyhu siqguir hY iPtkwirAw ] 

hir kY dir vriqAw su nwnik AwiK suxwieAw ] 

so bUJY ju diX svwirAw ] \f>Vj 316| 

dHh' duh[ l.aJ Wji[ FjHg ljdhW ug V[ Whpa l'hSg dB,fSg #epiP 

ba[ dl,t$@ v[t dry wgag h{ m dvts[ hV ^ ##duV%J } l.a WSV sg rjsg 

f{ eHg h{ Rph dVi[ l.a WSV RpKa[ wVjdHa VhgG wis[@ le'G epiP@ epis[r 

sj siuj rg bjfS[ Rpa[ bi'f v{Gs[ hV m l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW ug sg 

ajdWbj h;Pig dry e,sgbJ@ a,wgH[ vj vj Wdh>s[ hV m wHg W[bsW epiP~ 

c.qgH[ l.a aJ bjfS[ Rpfi y"i wirjRpS sg Tgnaj dry Fg dViv,u 

h' w[ fidria h'H[ h'H[ hV m bjfS[ f{i fpujMs[ hV m l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW 

l,Dy[ epiP ljhqS[ bjfS[ f{iJ Rpa[ q,Do[ dBwrjMs[ hV a[ epiP WS w[ 

dHw,v[-dHw,v[ epiP q>a= ds>s[ hV m$$ wHg F'v[ Fjv[ dl,t l.ag fdhijr[ a[ 

l.ag q'q'n,eSgbJ e,vJ dry xl w[ b>V%g LiZj sj dLwji h' uJs[ hV 

ba[ dHhVJ Wev[ FeaJ } epiP VjVw fjaLjh sj hg iPf lqNS sg 

qPitaj wi W{ns[ hV m bjfSj v'w f+v'w lpbjis[ lpbjis[ iljav sg 

t,c dry dc,es[ hV@ hjvJdw epi `piqjV lf,LB h{ ^ ##H[wdh bjrV 

dxdi u'dV V bjdHbj mm$$ \f>Vj 251| Fjr sl'G fjaLjh dHw' rji hg 

qVp,tg ujq[ dry bjdH@ dxi VhgG bjRpSe[ m fjt>cg l.a v'wJ } ep.qijh 

wiV vHg ##l.a wj dV>swp qhj hdabjij mm$$ bjds iBS wgagbJ apwJ 

ria w[ bjfS[ LiZjvPbJ s[ qVJ dry ci sj hRPbj tCj wi ds>s[ 

hV a[ ljZjiV W.sj cisj bjfSj qP>h dHhVJ s[ d?vj` VhgG t'v%sj 

qa[ l.aJ sg wi'fg sj dLwji Vj h' ujr[ m l,y } l,y bjtSj fp>V h{ m 

fjt>cgbJ a[ s.FgbJ ljZJ l.aJ sgbJ wiaPaJ v'wJ } s,l w[ 

dHhVJ a'G WyS sj h'wj s[Sj r,cg Whjsig h{ ba[ epiP hpwqJ sg fjvSj 

h{ m wsjdya dV>sj VhgG m 

epiP VjVw fjaLjh sg e,sg s[ qjvw h'S sj sjbrj wiV 

rjdvbJ sgbJ wpN wp RpsjhiSJ l.t[f iPf dry hj;i hV ^ 


86 


1! bt"ag dVi.wjigbJ V[ rg dHw lq[G e,sg sj sjbrj wgaj lg m 

dHhVJ sj bjeP hpS rg vpw dA,f w[ dHh' wpN wi dihj h{ m ?pbji h'H[ 

hV a[ b>a rg dHhVJ sj qjCj hg h'r[ej m 

2! s'sdCbJ rjv[ WjWP ulr.a dl>z bjfS[ h,on'dwbJ ijhgG 

fdhvJ l.a WdSbj a[ v'wJ fjl'G q,oj dBwjRpS v,ej h"v[-h"v[ epiP VjVw 

sj braji WS W{nj m dHl sj fjvaP Wviju dl>z duhCj dw spVgbj 

dry woj@ wgiaV a[ v{wyi wi w[ WjWP ulr.a dl>z } epiP VjVw 

sg e,sg sj rjil ljWa wiV dry ip,Nj h'dHbj lg a[ bjf rg l.ag 

fdhijrj fdhV w[ v'wJ fjl'G q,Do[ dBwjMsj lg@ b,u VjWjvQ wpCgbJ 

Vjv t[h tjS wiw[ ljT[ f>u ljv vHg w{V[cj sg u[v% dry c,Ddwbj 

h'dHbj h{ m 

3! VjqZjig wPw[ rg WjWj ijq dl>z ug } epiP VjVw sg e,sg 

sj rjil WSj w[ b,e[ fgC%g a'i ih[ hV m Vaguj dHh h'dHbj dw dHh 

rg bwjv a?a a'G dHw hpwqVjq[ ijhgG f>o dr,Dy'G A[w[ uj yp,w[ hV Fjr[G 

WjWj ijq dl>z ug epiP e+.o ljdhW ug } bjfSj epiP q>Vs[ lV m 

##epiPbJ epiP \l+g epiP| e+.o ljdhW \ug| epiP h{ m l' LWs epiP duo[ 

dwo[ w'Hg q>VPej Rpl sj Fvj h'r[ej m borj epiP e+.o ljdhW epiP sg 

s[h f+a,t h{ m$$ \hpwqVjqj WjWj ijq dl>z ug 57| 

4! wv[iJ rjv[ l.aJ sj f+f>y_WjWj V.s dl>z } dHhVJ sj 

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c.qgH[ l.W.Zg yiyj y,vg lg m fjnwJ sg dsvylfg vHg dHl rjiaj 

sj lji~b>L h[nJ s[ dihj hJ ^ 

WjWj V.s dl>z s[ LiZjvP bqiuga dl>z V[ WjWj ug } epiP VjVw 

sj braji a[ i,W iPf dl,Z wiV vHg l.a dlfjhg s[ b{cgBi } dvdtbj 

lg ^ ##u[ dwl[ LiZjvP V[ FjrVj bVplji epiWjSg s[ bjZji $a[ ##ijq 

l.a qdh F[sp dwAp Vjhg$$@ uJ ##ijq wWgij H[w FH[ h{ w'dH V lw{ fAjVg$$ 

bVplji l.aJ rjv[ blPv s[t w[ dl,Z wgaj h{ dw l.a V.s dl>z ug epiP 

VjVw s[r ug sj braji lV@ aJ aphj} wg dHaij; ]($$ drsrjV 

v[tw V[ upbjW dry dvdtbj ^ ##l.aJ s[ dwl[ Rpaij~bdZwjig uJ y[v[ 

yjBdCbJ } dHh bdZwji VhgG dw Rph l.a V.s dl>z } epiP VjVw 

s[r ug sj braji uJ i,W h'S sg xC% qji w[ ljZjiV v'wJ } ep.qijh 

wi[ m dwMdw epiP VjVw s[r ug slJ ujdqbJ dry f+yji[ dl,ZJaJ s[ 

drip,Z dwl[ qv qPai s[ df>ui[ V.s dl>z } i,W wdhSj uJ epiP VjVw 

s[r ug sj braji dl,Z wiVj qhJ qPitaj a[ bjf~hpsig ZjiVj h{ m 



87 

epiqda dHl sg bjdebj VhgG ds>sj m$$ l! bqiuga dl>z V[ bjfS[ 

f,ai dry dHw h'i wpì a'dvbj lg m dvdtbj ^ WjWj V.s dl>z WjWa 

wvQgZi fjaLjh V[ l" ljtg dry dvdtbj h{ ^ 

V.s dl>z-eiuj dl>z bjsg m 

f>o vju ldFbS dqv ljug m 

ba[ Fdrta WyVJ bVplji s,l ih[ hV dw ##f>o sg vju i,tS rjv[ 

WjWj V.s dl>z ug bjRpSe[ m Rph hpS f+eB h' eH[ hV m$$ RpKai dry 

l.a dlfjhg sj b{cgBi dvtsj h{ dw ##dHl a'G r,cj NPn a[ f+f>y w'Hg 

ljZ wi VhgG lwsj dwMdw epiP ?jvlj sj dHh dl,ZJa lPiur,a i"LV 

h{ dw epiP e'dW>s dl>z qhjiju V[ L?lg epiaj sg f+oj } epiP e+.o ljdhW 

sg ajdWbj f>uJ dfbjdibJ s[ liPf dry ?jvlj f>o dry Tjv w[ lsj 

vHg bqi wi ds,aj m us'G epiP u'da WjSg ba[ ?jvlj f>o dry Yaf'a 

h' yp,wg h{@ dxi drbwag drL[L sj w'Hg bio hg VhgG idh uJsj m dwl[ 

drbwag } ?jvlj f>o a'G lpfigq q>VSj z'i qVqa h{ m w[rv f>u 

dfbjdibJ } epiP sgdtbj s[S sj bdZwji h{ m WjWj V.s dl>z Wji[ 

dvtSj dw epiP wvQgZi s[ Fdr,ta rjw bVplji f>o sg vju i,tS vHg 

V.s dl>z bjdHbj h{@ dw,cj r,cj NPn@ Rpf,si@ fjt>c@ q;jw a[ z'i 

bdVbjdH h{ epiqda dl,ZJaJ Vjv m$$ 

l.a~c.qgH[ a[ epiP~c.qgH[ Whpa VpwljV wi yp,w[ hV m h'i t,pv% s[Sg 

r,cg qPitaj h'r[eg m b,e[ h,o v,e yp,w[ hV m wg q[i[ rie[ dVqjS[ dl,t 

s[ qV b>si'G RpKng hPw r,v f>o dZbjV s[r[ej ( tjCwP rgiJ fjl 

dVqiaj ldha s'dH wi u'C W[Vag h{ dw dHl RpKn ih[ qVqag aP`jV 

} wpyv s[S vHg Rpfijv[ wiV m 


\s[l f+s[l@ 29!5!1992|

dl,tg dry epiP~c.q 

dHl lq[G ?jvlj f>o WCg Vj;pw ba[ ?aiVjw hjva dr,Dy'G v.z 

dihj h{ m ##f>ujW s[ u.dqbJ } dV,a VrgbJ qpdh>qJ$$ s[ btjS bVplji 

dl,t w"q } dwl[ Vj dwl[ qlv[ Vjv uPNSj f{Gsj h{ m wg b>si'G a[ wg 

Wjhi'G@ dl,t Ziq sg h'Gs } ?aq wiV vHg e'GsJ ep.sgbJ uj ihgbJ 

hV m lqp,yg dl,t w"q } fPig y"wlg a'G w.q v{Sj yjhgsj h{ m fjt>cg ljZ 

l.a VrgbJ VrgbJ wjTJ ijhgG ljig dl,t w"q } ep.qijh wi ih[ hV m 

w'Hg ajrg; s[ w[ a[ w'Hg dq,Bg sg ypBwg s[ w[ sp,t sPi wiV sj fjt>c 

wi dihj h{ m dHl vp,B~zlp,B s[ ;igH[ dHw,ai wgag qjdHbj Vjv bIjLg 

a[ drFyji x{vjRpS vHg bjvgLjV FrV a[ bt"ag lFj lpljdHBgbJ 

WSjHgbJ uj ihgbJ hV m fi dHh VhgG l'ys[ dw ^ 

ieh mwieAw kI soBw cwir idhwVy jwdI iblmu n hoie ] 

\f>Vj 429| 

bB,v `piqjV h{ m fi dHhVJ sgbJ wjvgbJ wiaPaJ wiw[ dl,tg h'Gs 

a[ dl,tg idha-qiIjsj } ?jlj ?aij f{sj h' yp,Ddwbj h{ m lq[G sg fpwji 

h{ dw fpijaV dl>z lFj a[ bwjvg vdhi riegbJ vdhiJ y,vS aJ 

LjdHs dHhVJ wpigagbJ } sPi wgaj uj lw[ m Wsdwlqag sg e,v h{ 

dw ljc[ Zjiqw a[ dlbjlg bjeP dHl fjt>crjs } ?aq wiV sg WujH[ 

uo[sji WS[ idhS vHg epiqda s[ qp,Tv[ blPvJ $a[ l,B qjiV a'G rg 

l.w'y VhgG wis[ m 

fjt>cg ljZ l.a hg qjS VhgG lV@ fi hpS dHw h'i fjt>cg B'vj 

dHhVJ Vjv bj idvbj h{@ Fjr ijZj lpbjqg qa rg ?jvlj f>o vHg 

?aij WSsj uj dihj h{ m dVi.wjigbJ a[ h'i fjt>cgbJ rJeP dHh rg 

epiWjSg sj fisj YC w[@ dl,tJ } ep.qijh wi w[ bjfS[ qei vjHg 

api[ uj ih[ hV m Fjia s[ wHg r,c[ A'B[ LdhiJ dry dHhVJ s[ b,Dc[ wjdHq 

h' yp,w[ hV m w"Cg r[v rJe f+s[lJ dry rg x{v ih[ hV m bt"ag 

dVi.wjigbJ sg ai%J dHh rg r,c[ ldal.e wis[ hV m f+yji dha wj`g 

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dl,tg dry epiP~c.q 

89 

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wi ihg h{ m dlbjlg f,Zi $a[ dHh awCg FjHgyjiw fjiBg WS yp,wg h{ m 

dVLjVj ViwZjigbJ rJeP. dHhVJ sj rg epiP~c.q sj f+yji wiVj 

hg h{ m d`vhjv aigwj ;iPi r,tig dwlq sj h{ m dVi.wjigbJ V[ e'vgbJ 

a[ e.cjdlbJ sj dHla[qjv@ vjvy@ drFyji a[ tjS fgS sg tp,v% s[S 

s[ Vjv Vjv hg wgaj m fi ijZjlpbjqgbJ V[ e'vgbJ a[ e.cjl[ wjqIjW 

Vj hp.s[ s[t w[ dq,ng Apig yvjRpSg LpiP wgag h'Hg h{ m epiWjSg s[ Qva 

bio wi w[ dl,t idha qiIjsj a[ dl,tg liPf } drejCV $a[ apv[ h'H[ 

hV m l.a-fs a[ epiP-fs s[ bio bjq ljZJ l.aJ rJe bjfS[ T"Ge } 

rZjRpS vHg wis[ hV m dHl ai%J epiWjSg s[ fis[ Yhv[ epiP-c.q sj 

f+yji wis[ hV m dHh ;dhi dl,tJ s[ wpN dh,Dl[ $a[ bli rg wi yp,wj h{ m 

sjl } w'Hg b`l'l VhgG@ u[wi dHh qa rg dh>sP qa uJ qplvqjV 

a[ HgljHgbJ sg ai%J bjfS[ a"i $a[ f+yjdibj ujr[ m dh>sP Ziq dry 

33 wi'C s[rdabJ sg fPuj wi'CJ hg aigdwbJ Vjv h' ihg h{ m s[hZjig 

epiP rg W[b>a f+eB h' ih[ hV m dHhVJ sj fPuj wiV wijRpS sj T.e 

dWvwpv r,tig dwlq sj h{ m u[wi ijZj lpbjqg rg dHl[ ai%J epiP WS 

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sg YB v{ w[ qjdHbj dHw,ai wis[ hV@ epiP~c.q sj f+yji wis[ hV 

a[ epiWjSg s[ bio Qva wi w[ epiqda s[ q,pTv[ blPvJ } aWjh 

a[ WiWjs wiVj yjhp.s[ hV a[ wi ih[ hV m 

epiP fjaLjh V[ dl,tJ } LWs s[ vC vjdHbj h{ ^ 

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w[ epiP~c.q sj f+yji wgaj m b>a ##wPC dVtpB[ VjVwj@ YCdw ldy ihg$$ 

l,y[ epiP f+eB h'H[ a[ Zgiq,vgbJ sj WjHgwjB wgaj debj m hjvJ aw 

ijZjlpbjqgbJ Vjv ViwZjigbJ rJe NeCj VhgG h'dHbj@ fi ujfsj 

h{ dHh rg b>si'G~b>sig e'GsJ ep.s ih[ hV m dq,nj qhpij ds>s[ ds>s[ dl,t 

w"q } wq;'i wi w[ hdobjiW.s B,wi v{Se[ m dHl vHg ?jvl[ } dHl 

r,Z ih[ ?ai[ a'G lpy[a idhSj yjhgsj h{ m 


\s[l f+s[l@ bf+{v 1982|

ljZJ sg VrgG idha qiIjsj 

NPn bjdtbJ wpN W,ysj h{ m l,y whJ a[ FJWC q,ysj h{ m 

\Wp,v[% Ljh| 

8 bela@ 1993 } u'Zj qVlPiJ@ vpdZbjSj drt[ WjWj njwpi 

dl>z ug b{wdB>e uo[sji sqsqg Bwljv ba[ wpN h'i dli-w,T l.aJ 

qh.aJ sg Aai AjdHbj h[n l.a l.q[vV h'dHbj m sPlij 30 qjiy sl.Wi 

1993 a'G 2 uVrig@ 1994 aw b>Ddq+ali drt[ wgaj debj m dHl a'G 

dHvjrj 27 bf+{v@ 1994 a'G 30 qHg aw vpdZbjS[ dxi h'dHbj m 30 

qHg rjv[ l.a lqju rv'G dl,t idha qiIjsj sj tiCj rg f+wjLa 

wgaj debj m dHl sgbJ wjfgbJ fdhv'G hg b?WjiJ } fhp.y eHgbJ 

lV a[ b,u~w,v% dHl s,lg uJsg dl,t idha qiIjsj $a[ Ftrk Wdhl 

f>ow b?WjiJ dry y,v ihg h{ m hov[ v[t dry u'Zj qVlPiJ@ vpdZbjS[ 

drt[ h'dH s'V'G lqjeqJ Wji[ bjfS[ dryji bjfS[ fjnwJ Vjv lJN[ wiV[ 

yjhp.sj hJ m b>Ddq+ali drt[ h'dH l.a lqjeq Wji[ dxi dwa[ dvtJej m 

#u'Zj qVlPiJ$ drt[ h'dH dHw,n dry r,tig r,tig idha qiIjsj 

ZjiVg rjv[ l.aJ qh.aJ V[ r,Z yC% w[ dh,lj dvbj m dryji e'LBgbJ 

Rpfi.a wHg qa[ fjl wga[ eH[ ba[ 101 q{GWiJ sg wq[Bg WSjHg eHg 

dul sj Vjq l.a lqju i,Ddtbj debj m WjWj njwpi dl>z dHl wq[Bg 

s[ qptg a[ WjWj liWu'a dl>z W[sg dHl s[ wVrgVi ojf[ eH[ lV m dHl 

wq[Bg V[ 30 qHg@ 1994 } l.a lqju r,v'G dHw #dl,t idha qiIjsj$ 

Vjqg tiCj dabji wgaj h'dHbj f+wjLa wgaj m dl,t l.eaJ } dHl 

tiC[ a'G bjfSgbJ Zjidqw@ bjidow@ lqjuw a[ ijuVgaw l[ZJ v{S 

vHg W[Vag wgag eHg h{@ dHdabjds m 

b,u~w,v% l.a q>cvgbJ dHl tiC[ } vjeP wiV vHg hi l.Fr 

a[ bl.Fr aigdwbJ Vjv f+yji t[ai dry dVai ihgbJ hV m sPli[ 

v`;J dry f+rjdVa #dl,t idha qiIjsj$ drip,Z l.a lqju \dF>V-dF>V 

d?bjvJ s[ i,tS rjvj a[ r,tig qiIjsjrJ s[ ZjiVg l.aJ sj dqve'Fj| 

dHw,nj h' w[ q{sjV dry bjdHbj h{ m s[t' RPGn dwl wirB W{nsj h{ m 


ljZJ sg Vrk idha qiIjsj 

91 

l.a lqju rv'G f+wjdLa #dl,t idha qiIjsj$ tiCj f+rjdVa 

f>ow dl,t idha qiIjsj rjvj tiCj VhgG h{ m dHV%J rgiJ V[ Vjq Rph 

hg ypdSbj h{ aJ dw dl,t l.eaJ Bfvj tj ujS a[ F.WvFPdlbJ dry 

xl w[ ?pbji hp.sgbJ idhS m blv dry dHh l.ag tiCj dHw ljd;L 

sg wCg hg lqNSj yjhgsj h{ m VhgG aJ l.a lqju rjv[ bjfS[ f+wjdLa 

tiC[ sj VJ h'i rg w'Hg i,t lws[ lV m 

siblv f+rjdSa dl,t idha qiIjsj sj dHdahjlw dfA'wC 

Whpa hg LjVsji h{ m 1936 a'G vejaji dl,t w"q } dHwqp,n i,tS dry 

a[ bjfSg ugrV~e,cg yvjS vHg fPiV epi qiIjsj bVplji f+[iVjrJ 

ds>sj bj dihj h{ m dHl WpNjia } lqNS vHg Vr[G WS[ L+'qSg bwjvg 

svJ sg dqljv ds,ag uj lwsg h{ m L+'qSg bwjvg sv sj fpijaV 

dHdahjl dl,t w"q vHg e"irqHg h{ m dHdahjl sj rjdil WSV vHg 

FJa FJa s[ fjfC r[vsgbJ ihgbJ hV m hi yqwsg yg; l'Vj VhgG 

h'dHbj wisg \All that glitters is not gold| dHh' duhgbJ RpKn ihgbJ 

l.lojrJ wpN lq[G Wjbs bjfSj-bjfSj dli dfB w[ bjf[ hg ?aq h' 

uJsgbJ hV m 

e,v h'i fjl[ yvg eHg m sjl e,v wi dihj lg u'Zj qVlPiJ rjv[ 

f+wjdLa tiC[ sg m dHl tiC[ $a[ dryji wiV a'G fdhvJ sjl ;iPig 

lqNsj h{ dw l.t[f iPf dry@ u'Zj qVlPiJ rjvj lojV@ WjWj njwpi 

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dryji wi vHg ujr[ m dHl l.W.Z dry cjwBi siLV dl>z@ f>ujWg 

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dvtSgbJ Rpdya lqNsj hJ m 

dvts[ hV dw ##l.q[vV sg ue%j u'Zj qVlPiJ dl,t epispbjij VhgG@ 

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aJ Rph dwr[G wdh lws[ hV dw epiP wjv sg dl,t idha RphVJ l.Fjv 

w[ i,tg ]m$$ 


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dw epispbjij lpZji vdhi a'G fdhvJ rie[ spijyjig-qh.aJ sgbJ 

e,sgbJ b,u~w,v% dHV%J F,si fpiLJ V[ l.Fjv vHgbJ hV m Rpl lq[G 

b>ei[; liwji V[ dl,t Ziq } vgi'-vgi wiV vHg RpV%J qh.aJ } 

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eHg@ dul dry a?aJ s[ uo[sji ljdhWjV@ l.f+sjHg debjVg ba[ 



93 

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w[ 1932 dry L+'qSg epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg } lPdya wi ds,aj m dqag 

12~10~1936 } L+'qSg wq[Bg V[ qaj V.^ 14 ijhgG f+rjVeg ds,ag m 

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bjdHbj m \Ijs ih[ dw fdhvgbJ epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[BgbJ ugrV 

rjv[ dl,tJ sgbJ h'dHbj wisgbJ lV Vj dw b,u~w,v% rie[ dlbjlg 

dl,tJ sj B'vj| dHl f+rjdVa idha } wav wiV vHg b,u~w,v% ljZJ 

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dHdahjl s[ f,ai[ x'dvbJ dHw e,v dVti w[ ljhqS[ bj tv'Gsg 

] dw dhlBig lsj hg bjfS[ bjf } sphijMsg idh>sg ]m epiP wjv 

lq[G rg dHh WdhiPfgH[ l.a dwl[ Vj dwl[ epiP fjaLjh s[ qpwjWv[ e,sgbJ 

vj vj epiP WSV sgbJ ljd;LJ wis[ ih[ hV m sjaP ug@ Zgi-q,vgH[@ 

ijq ijHgH[ bjds l.Fr bl.Fr hi aigwj dHla[qjv wi w[ bjfSj 

epiP~c.q yvjS dry v,e[ ih[ fi.aP qP>h wjvj s'V'G uhjVk wijdHbj a[ 

wjqIjW Vj h' lw[ m V"r[G fjaLjh epiP a[Q Whjsi ug lq[G rg q>ugbJ 

vj W{n[ lV m WdSbj dxi rg dHV%J sj wpN Vj m b,u dxi l.a lqju 

RpV%J vghJ $a[ y,v w[ epiP-?jvlj Vjv B,wi v{S vHg q{sjV dry 

bjdHbj ]m s[t'@ epiP ?jvlj dwr[G dHV%J s.FgbJ Vjv dVWCsj ]m 

l.a lqjug idha qiIjsj sj drLv[LV 

1! dHh tiCj l.aJ-qh.aJ s[ dHw,n V[ fjl wgaj ] m dHh l.a rg 

wHg c[dibJ s[ l.yjvw lV a[ dHV%J c[dibJ dry dF>V-dF>V qiIjsjrJ 

f+yva hV m dHh bjf aJ dHw lpi VhgG@ w"q } dHw fv[B`jiq $a[ 

dwr[G dHw,n[ wi lwSe[ m q;[sji e,v dHw h'i rg ] m dHl l.q[vV dry 

a?aJ s[ uo[sji ljdhWjV@ L+'qSg epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg b>Ddq+ali@ 

ds,vg epispbjij wq[Bg@ yg` ?jvlj sgrjV@ dl,t Wp,ZgugrgbJ a[ h'i 

dl,t l.lojrJ duhCgbJ w"q sg f+dadVZaj wisgbJ hV@ } Ljqv hg 

VhgG wgaj debj m dHh dl,t f+rjdVa idha qiIjsj ws[ rg VhgG h' 

lwsg m hJ@ l.ag idha qiIjsj bjt dvbj ujr[ aJ LjdHs e,v ngw 

hg h'r[ m 

2! qPv-q>ai-l.ag tiC[ dry #O a'G v{ w[ VjVw h'lg Fg lyp$ 

aw dvdtbj ]m blv dry qPv-q>ai #O a'G v{ w[ epi f+ljds$ a,w 

]m epiP e+.o ljdhW dry epiP fjaLjh V[ 33 rji siu wgaj ]m dHl 


94 


} q>evj yiV rg bjdtbj debj ]m ufp ljdhW sj fjn ufp a'G LpiP 

hp.sj ] a[ dHl ai%J 38 fRpCgbJ fPiV hp.sgbJ hV m dHh bjtSj dw 

#O a'G v{ w[ VjVw h'lg Fg lyp$ a,w qPv q>ai ]@ bdebjVaj a'G dlrj 

h'i wpN VhgG m f+rjdVa qiIjsj Wji[ L.wj f{sj wiVj hg ljZJ sg yjv 

h' lwsg ]m 

3! f+rjdVa #dl,t idha qiIjsj$ bVplji epiWjSg sj ldawji 

wjdHq i,tS vHg epispbjij ljdhW dry dHw lq[G dH,Dw' wgiaV@ fjn 

uJ drbjdtbj hg h' lwsg ] m f+>aP ljZJ V[ bjfS[ tiC[ dry dHl ;iPig 

q,s } bSe"dvbj hg wi A,Ddcbj ]m LjdHs dHl wiw[ ljZ bjf 

WjhivgbJ ZjiVj vj w[ wgiaV wiV s[ L"wgV hp.s[ hV m ##ldaepiP dWVj 

h'i wyg ] WjSg mm$$ epiqda sj qPv dl,ZJa ] a[ ih[ej m 

4! l.ag tiC[ dry bt>c fjn lq[G wp.F@ Vjigbv@ ZPf a[ s[lg dzRp 

sg u'a qyjRpSg vj;qg dvdtbj ]@ f+>aP f+rjdVa #dl,t idha qiIjsj$ 

dHV%J yg;J sj t>cV wisg ] m LjdHs dHl wiw[@ dwMdw dHh lji[ dh>sP 

Ziq qpajdWw RpV%J s[ s[ra[ hV a[ s[rdabJ sg fPuj wiVg RpV%J vHg 

;iPig ]m dHV%J rlaPbJ } aplgG dh>sP q>siJ dry rg s[t lws[ h' m Rph 

dHV%J sg s[ra[ lqN w[ fPuj wis[ hV m dl,t bwjv sj fpujig ]m 

5! bt>c fjn s[ F'e Rpfi.a l.ag tiC[ qpajdWw ufp ug ljdhW 

sj fjn wiV sg ajwgs ] m bV.sp ljdhW sgbJ fdhvgbJ f>u fRpCgbJ 

ba[ bj?ig fRpCg uJ fPij fjn wiV sg aJ e,v lqN bjMsg ] dwMdw 

?pLg sj lqJ hp.sj ] f+>aP ufpug ljdhW sgbJ 5 fRpCgbJ uJ fPij fjn 

wiVj w'Hg svgv VhgG aJ h'i fjn bji.F wiVj h'r[@ e,v ngw lqNg 

uj lwsg ]m 

6! l.ag tiC[ qpajdWw WgWgbJ epiP e+.o ljdhW a'G hpwq VhgG v{ 

lwsgbJ@ dHV%J sj Fjr bt>c fjn dry rg dh,lj VhgG v{ lwsgbJ@ 

dwMdw dHV%J ljZJ qpajdWw b"iaJ bfdr,ai hp.sgbJ hV m dHh rg dh>sP 

Ziq sg Vwv wi w[ dHl fjW.sg rjvg q,s } dHV%J bjfS[ tiC[ dry 

zl'dCbj ] m epiP e+.o ljdhW sg WjSg b"ia } qis s[ WijWi lqjVaj 

ds>sg ]m f+rjdVa dl,t idha qiIjsj rg dHl e,v sg qp,sHg ]@ f+>aP 

ljZJ } w"S lqNjr[ m 

7! l.ag tiC[ dry qjl tjS $a[ fjW.sg vjHg eHg ]m f+rjdVa #dl,t 

idha qiIjsj$ bVplji wp,nj tjSj drriua ]m NBwj tjSj ngw 

dvdtbj ]m q{G lqNsj hJ ##qjlp qjlp wdi qPitp NeC[ debjVp dZbjVp Vhg 

ujS{$$ e,v ngw ujfsg ] m qpbjd`w Vj h'r[ aJ Vj tjr' m q{G bjf VhgG 

tJsj@ f+>aP w'Hg quWPi VhgG wi lwsj m NeCj tCj wiVj dlbjSf VhgG m 



95 

8! epiP e+.o ljdhW ug dl,t uea vHg LWs~epiP sj lojV i,ts[ 

hV@ f+>aP l.ag tiC[ qpajdWw epiP e+.o ljdhW ug } eiqg lisg a'G WyjS 

vHg n.c[ uJ eiq wfdCbJ s[ ipqjdvbJ sj dHla[qjv wiV sg ajwgs 

wgag eHg ] m ljZJ qpajdWw epiP e+>o f>u FPaw ligi sj WdSbj h'dHbj 

]m f+>aP epiWjSg bVplji LWs liW-drbjfw ] dul $a[ eiqg lisg 

sj w'Hg bli VhgG hp.sj m dHh W+jhqSJ sg W,pa-f+lag sg Vwv lqNSg 

yjhgsg ]m 

9! dq+aw l.lwji Wji[ l.ag tiC[ dry dvdtbj ] dw dq+aw s[ 

dli r,v tv' w[ ufpug ljdhW sj fjn wgaj ujr[ m bvjhSgbJ sj fjn@ 

ijqwvg lsp sj fjn wiV Rpfi.a bV.sp ljdhW sj fPij fjn wgaj 

ujr[ m ijt yp,wS Rpfi.a u{alig sg rji@ rch.l sg rji a[ ldhld*ag 

lv'wJ sj fjn wiVj rg vj;qg wiVj s,Ddlbj debj ] m dHh lF wiq~ 

wJcg ilqJ W+jhqS-rjsg ilqJ sg dHw ai%J Vjv Vwv ]m epiqda 

wiq~wJc ilqJ sj t>cV wisg ]m f+rjdVa idha qiIjsj dr,Dy'G rg 

dHh' hg l.w[a dqvsj ] f+>aP dHV%J Wp,Z-Wpu,wCJ } w"S lqNjr[ m 

10! bV.s drrjh Wji[ dvdtbj ] dw epfa bisjl wgag ujr[ m 

f+rjdVa idha qiIjsj bVplji@ bV.s wjiu s[ bji.F dry s.fag 

a[ RpV%J s[ qjaj-dfaj l.ea dry tC[ h'S a[ RpV%J s[ VjrJ sj d;wi 

bisjl dry wgaj ujr[ m bisjl RpKyg bjrj; dry h'Sg yjhgsg ]m 

LjdHs uJEg a[ qJugbJ } s'V'G fdirjiJ Wji[ faj v,e ujr[ dw dwhC[ 

fdirjiJ sj q[v h'dHbj ]m f+>aP epfa bisjl sj d?bjv faj VhgG 

dHV%J qh.aJ V[ bjfS[ tiC[ dry dwM zl'dCbj ]m 

11! epiP fjaLjh sgbJ qPiaJ WSjRpSgbJ uJ RpV%J sg fPuj uJ 

q,oj B[wSj qVqa ] a[ epiqda bjL[ s[ dWvwpv RpvB e,v ]m dl,t 

#LWs~epiP$ sj fpujig ]@ f+>aP dHl q,s } l.ag tiC[ dry vJF[ hg i,t 

w[ b,tJ qgB A,cgbJ hV m LjdHs dHl wiw[ dHV%J s[ c[dibJ dry dHV%J 

qh.aJ s[ r,c[-rc[dibJ sgbJ r,cgbJ-r,cgbJ x'B' v,egbJ hp.sgbJ hV 

a[ dr>e[ B[T[ aigdwbJ Vjv fPuj wgag uJsg ]m 

12! ijeqjvj Wji[ a?a sqsqj ljdhW drt[ epiP e'dW>s dl>z 

ljdhW V[ ;WjVg epiP e+>o ljdhW sg WgC ##O a'G v{ w[ bnjih sl 

Wgl$$ aw Rpyjig ]m dl,t dHdahjl dry dHl e,v sg fpLBg dwa[ rg 

VhgG h'Hg m slr[G fjaLjh lq[G bV[wJ hg epiP e+.o ljdhW ug s[ h,o dvta 

Rpaji[ h' yp,w[ lV m dl,t Ziq s[ Whpa lji[ drsrjV ijeqjvj } epiP 

sg WjSg VhgG q>Vs[ m f+>aP w"q } dHw i,tS vHg ijeqjvj fC%V uJ 

Vj fC%V Wji[ dl,t idha qiIjsj \f+rjdVa| $a[ w'Hg fjW.sg VhgG vjHg 


96 


eHg m bwjv a?a ljdhW@ VVwjSj ljdhW@ e'dH>srjv ljdhW a[ bV[wJ 

h'i epi blojVJ $a[ ije qjvj VhgG fC%g uJsg lg m ulWgi dl>z i'c[ 

V[ W.sPw sg e'vg Vjv bwjv a?a ljdhW ijeqjvj fC%Vg LpiP wirjHg 

lg m dHV%J s[ r,c[-rc[dibJ V[ ws[ rg dHh' duhg bwjv a?a } y{v.u 

wiV rjvg e,v VhgG wgag lg m hpS l.a lqju V[ w"q } s'-xjC wiV 

vHg spLqS sg Ldh $a[ VrJ L'Lj A,Ddcbj ]m 

13! dVLjV ljdhW sj f+rjdVa i.e Wl.ag uJ lpiqHg ] dul sj 

bjfSj hg ih,l ] f+>aP dHV%J F,si fpiLJ V[ dh>sPbJ a[ qplvqjVJ rjv[ 

i.e } f+rjV wgaj ]m dw,cg hjl'hgSg e,v ] m #qpisj W'v[ w`V xjC[$ 

rjvg e,v dHV%J qh.aJ V[ wi dstjHg m 

14! l.ag tiC[ dry epiP s[ dliv[t h[n LWs~epiP@ WjSg~epiP ba[ 

debjV~epiP s[ dl,ZJa } t>cV wgaj debj ]m epiP e+>o ljdhW sg 

ajdWbj ?jvlj epiP f>o ] m dHl vHg f+rjdVa dl,t idha qiIjsj sj 

tiCj dabji wiV lq[G lqp,y[ f>o V[ dqv w[ epiP f>o } rg lrgwji 

wgaj ]m l.t[f iPf dry dl,t Ziq sj WpdVbjsg dl,ZJa ]^ 

fPuj bwjv wg 

fiyj LWs wj 

sgsji tjvl[ wj mm 

f+>aP ljZJ sg L?lg fPuj } n[l v,eS wiw[ dHl epiP ?jvl[ s[ q"dvw 

dl,ZJa a'G hg WjQg h' W{n[ hV m 

15! ldhuZjig dl,t sg fdiFjLj rg dHV%J sg qV-zCa ] a[ 

bjfSg l.dtbj rZjS vHg b>Ddq+aZjig s[ WijWi ip.c-qp>c } siuj ds,aj 

]m Fjiag liwji a[ dHV%J s[ wCA[ wJeilg a[ h'i FBw[ h'H[ dl,t aJ 

fdhvJ hg yjhp.s[ hV dw dwl[ ai%J dl,t epispbjdibJ sj wW;j b{GBg 

f>ow h,oJ dry ydvbj ujr[ aJ dw dl,t w"q } ldhu[ hg ?aq wgaj 

uj lw[ m 

v[t v.qj h' ujS s[ ci'G hi Vpwa[ $a[ dBfSg VhgG wi lwsj m 

Fjr bV[wJ h'i rg b{lgbJ e,vJ hV dul wiw[ w"q Qva ila[ Bpi 

w[ dh>sP-Ziq sj dh,lj WS lwsg ] m bisjl ] epiP WjWj bjfS[ dWis 

WjS[ sg vju i,Dt[ m dxi dwa[ dvtJej m 

fi dHw e,v dHl tiC[ } fC% w[ hi epidl,t sj q,oj ;iPi nSwsj 

h'r[ej dw dHV%J ljZJ V[ wg wgaj ]m dwM dh>sP Ziq sj sp.q~A,vj 

WSjRpS vHg H[V[ Rpajrv[ hV ( q[ig ap,A Wp,Zg bVplji ljZJ s[ hqv[ 

} ljZjiV VhgG lqNSj yjhgsj m L+'qSg epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg 

b>Ddq+ali@ ds,vg epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg@ yg` ?jvlj sgrjV a[ dl,t 



97 

dqLVig riegbJ dl,t l.lojrJ } bjfS[ rlgdvbJ ijhgG dHwqp,n h' 

w[ dHV%J fjt>cg ljZJ s[ epiP-c.q sj qP>h a'C urjW s[Sj yjhgsj ]m 

bwjv a?a ljdhW s[ uo[sji ljdhW fjl rg ldVqi dWV{ ] dw sv[ijVj 

`{lvj wi w[ RpKn ihg dWqjig sj ev zp,BS sj IaV wiV m Rpdya 

lq[G sg Rpcgw a[ lvjh bjds `jiqPdvbJ $a[ dryji wiV sj Fjr q{G 

lqNsj hJ@ w"q sgbJ r.cgbJ fj w[ ?aq wiV rjdvbJ sj FjHgrjv 

WSVj m l.a WjdWbJ s[ yiVJ dry rg u'sCg ] dw ##ljZ' qV wj qjVp 

dabjeRp mm$$ epiP fjaLjh sj hpwq q>V w[ bjfS[ zi f>ow l` dry 

bj Ljqv h'r' m dHl[ dry aphjcj a[ ljig w"q sj Fvj ]m 


\f>ujW BjHgq;@ 30!11!1994|

lWsp epiP lpida ZpdV y[vj 

bwxI gurU gurU hY bwxI ivic bwxI AMØimRqu swry ] 

guru bwxI khY syvku jnu mwnY prqiK gurU insqwry ] 

\VB qhvj Ì@ f>Vj 982| 

dl,t f>o s[ qh,v sg Rpljig epiP e+.o ba[ epiP f>o s[ s' o.q%J $a[ 

wgag eHg ]m epiP w[rv dVi.wjig u'da ]m bloPv ws[ rg VhgG q>Vg 

eHg m epiWjSg dry siu ]^ 

siqguru myrw sdw sdw nw AwvY nw jwie ] 

Ehu AibnwsI purKu hY sB mih rihAw smwie ] \f>Vj 759| 

dHh dVi.wjig u'da dHw ujq[ a'G bev[ ujq[ dry f+r[L wisg ihg@ 

b>a slq fjaLjh ljdhW epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ dHh dVi.wjig u'da 

epiP e+.o ljdhW dry i,tg m RpKfi dvt[ dWbjV sg fpLBg qoij F,B ug 

wis[ hV ^ 

joiq rUip hir Awip gurU nwnku khwXau ] 

qw qy AMgdu BXau qq isau qqu imlwXau ] 

AMgid ikrpw Dwir Amru siqguru iQru kIAau ] 

Amrdwis Amrqu Cq gur rwmih dIAau ] 

gur rwmdws drsnu pris kih mQurw AMØimRq bXx ] 

mUriq pMc pRmwx purKu guru Arjunu ipKhu nXx ] 

\f>Vj 1408| 

Wdy,a+ VjBw sj v[tw dvtsj ] dw ldaepi dVi.wjig u'da Vjv 

hg bF[s VhgG@ dxi epiP sPu[ Vjv rg bF[s ]m `piqjV ]^ 

l+g VjVw b>eds wdi qjVj mm 

bqisjl b>es fdhyjVj mm 

bqisjl ijqsjl whjI' mm 

ljZdV vtj qPC% Vdh fjI' mm9mm 

dF>V dF>V lFhP. wi ujVj mm 

H[w iPf dwVhP. fdhyjVj mm 



99 

duV ujVj daV hg dlZ fjHg mm 

dWV lqN[ dlZ hjdo V bjHg mm10mm 

ijqsjl hdi l' dqv eH[ mm 

epiaj s[a biuVdh FH[ mm 

uW biuV f+DFp v'w dlZjH[ mm 

hie'dW>s dah nJ ndhijH[ mm11mm 

hdie'dW>s f+F v'w dlZji[ mm 

higijdH dah nJ W{nji[ mm 

higd*lV daV w[ lpa rH[ mm 

daV a[ a[e Whjsi FH[ mm12mm \Wdy,a= VjBw| 

bwjv fpit lji[ f+jSgbJ dry #LWs~epiP$ iPf dry FifPi ]@ f+>aP 

Rpl sj epiP liPf b,c ]m dHl sj qavW dHh h'dHbj dw epiP VjVw 

dwl[ s[h sj Vjq VhgG@ epiP u'da sj hg Vjq ] m du>V[ rg epiP~drbwagbJ 

V[ WjSg Rpyjig@ RpyjiV rjv[ sj Vjq VjVw hg ]m dHl ai%J bwjv 

fpit rv'G epi~q>ai s[S sj h,w epiP u'da } dqv debj m 

epiP u'da a[ LWs-epiP $y ìw 

LWs~epiP lF f+jSgbJ s[ dhis[ dry r,lsj ] ba[ duhCg rg 

lPia dry w'Hg Rpl aw fhp.y ujr[@ Rpl} bjfS[ Rpfs[L Vjv dVhjv 

wisj ] m dHh LWs~epiP WjW[ VjVw s[ dhis[ dry Rpl r[v[ rg lg us'G 

bwjv fpit V[ bjfSg epiP u'da_WjWj ug sg lojfa wgag m qPv~q>ai 

dry LWs Wji[ aJ Yb>wji ridabj debj ] a[ epiP b,ti epiP u'da 

a[ LWs~epiP s'hJ rjla[ ridabj debj ] m duo[ Yb>wji uJ lWsp zdB 

zdB dry dWiju dihj ]@ Rpo[ epiP w[rv dVi.wji dr,y hg lqjdHbj 

h'dHbj ] m Rph epiP u'da u' w[rv dVi.wji dry hg lqjHg h'Hg ]@ Rphg 

epiP u'da dVi.wji V[ WjW[ sg s[h dry i,tg m epiP u'da Wji[ ijdH Wvr.c 

aoj cPq V[ dvdtbj ]^ 

guir cyly rhrwis kIeI nwnik slwmiq QIvdY ] 

sih itkw idqosu jIvdY ]1] 

lhxy dI PyrweIAY nwnkw dohI KtIAY ] 

joiq Ehw jugiq swie sih kwieAw Pyir pltIAY ] \f>Vj 966| 

dl,t Ziq s[ WjVg epiP VjVw fjdaLjh V[ LWs~epiP sj dl,ZJa 

ds,aj a[ dHvjhg WjSg dry ljidow iPf dry ds=C%jdHbj m dHl[ dl,ZJa 

lswj epiWjSg sj l.wvV LpiP wgaj m epiP VjVw s[ bjeqV lq[G Fjia 

dry s' r,c[ Ziq f+ydva lV m s'r[G hg@ Fjr dh>sP ba[ qplvqjV dHw 


100 


sPli[ s[ dri'Zg ba[ bjf'~bjfSg Ziq d`vjl`g } y.ej y.ej bjt@ 

tdh tdh qi ih[ lV m iju v'F sj lg@ y"wgsjig wjq sg lg@ lisjig 

wPC sg lg ba[ uVaj bdebjVaj s[ hV[i[ dry xlg h'Hg lg m lsjyji 

dwa[ V;i VhgG lg bjMsj m Ziq s[ ijt[ n[w[sji Ziq } r[y ih[ lV m 

e,v wg@ hi fjl[ hV[ij a[ wPC f+ZjV lg m dh>sP Ziq@ wiq-wJcJ@ ujafja 

a[ qPiag fPuj sg duv%S dry xdlbj dfbj lg m Fiq-Fpv[dtbJ 

dry xlg vpwjHg wpivj ihg lg m WJh xCV rjvj w'Hg V;i VhgG lg 

bjMsj m epiWjSg V[ dHl Wji[ `piqjdHbj ]^ 

KqRIAw q Drmu CoifAw mlyC BwiKAw ghI ] 

isRsit sB iek vrn hoeI Drm kI giq rhI ] \f>Vj 663| 

pwqI qorY mwilnI pwqI pwqI jIau ] 

ijsu pwhn kau pwqI qorY so pwhn inrjIau ]1] 

BUlI mwlnI hY eyau ] siqguru jwgqw hY dyau ]1]rhwau [[ \f>Vj 479| 

qplvqjV hjwq Rpl lq[G ajwa s[ VL[ dry wpwiq wi ih[ lV m 

q'qV a[ wjì s[ drawi[ fj w[ qVqjVgbJ wi ih[ lV m epiWjSg sj 

`piqjV ] ^ 

kil kwqI rwjy kwsweI Drmu pMK kir aufirAw ] 

kUVu Amwvs scu cµd®mw dIsY nwhI kh ciVAw ] \f>Vj 145| 

rwjy sIh mukdm kuqy ] 

jwie jgwiein@ bYTy suqy ] 

cwkr nhdw pwiein@ Gwau ] 

rqu ipqu kuiqho cit jwhu ] 

ijQY jIAW hosI swr ] 

nkˆØI vFˆØI lwieqbwr ] \f>Vj 1288| 

buq pUij pUij ihMdU mUey qurk mUey isru nweI ] 

Eie ly jwry Eie ly gwfy qyrI giq duhU n pweI ] \f>Vj 654| 

lqju sg dHh' duhg spisLj s[t w[ epiP WjW[ } ail bjdHbj ba[ 

bwjv fpit s[ yiVJ dry u'sCg wgag ^ 

jgqu jlµdw riK lY AwpxI ikrpw Dwir ] 

ijqu duAwrY aubrY iqqY lYhu aubwir ] \f>Vj 853| 

FjHg episjl ug s[ dvt[ bVplji bdebjVaj s[ hV[i[ } sPi wiV 

vHg epiP VjVw fjaLjh V[ #lWs-epiP$ #epi-WjSg$ ijhgG n[c[ tJsg 

vpwjHg } l,y sj qjie dstjdHbj m dl,ZJ s[ dHw lpbjv ##a[ij wrSp 

epiP dul wj aP. y[vj$$ s[ RpKai dry epiP WjW[ V[ `piqjdHbj ^ 


101 

pvn ArMBu siqgur miq vylw ] 

sbdu gurU suriq Duin cylw ] \f>Vj 943| 

sbdu gur pIrw gihr gMBIrw ibnu sbdY jgu baurwnµ ] 

pUrw bYrwgI shij suBwgI scu nwnk mnu mwnµ ] \f>Vj 635| 

aoj ^ 


sbdu dIpku vrqY iqhu loie ] \f>Vj 664| 

sPli[ LWsJ dry ljig epiqda vdhi sj q>ar LWs } epdibjHg 

s[ w[ s[hZjig@ epiP dlvdlv[ } lqjfa wiVj lg ^ 

eykih Awvn iPir join n AwieAw ] \f>Vj 252| 

b>a h'dHbj rg dHl[ ai%J m epiP biuV s[r f>urgG fjaLjhg V[ 1604 

Hglrg } epiP e+.o ljdhW sg l.fjsVj wgag m epiP e+>o ljdhW dry 

ldaepiJ sg WjSg a'G dHvjrj h'i f+dl,Z lP`g FeaJ@ l.a wrgbJ ba[ 

F,BJ sg WjSg } rg I'e oJ ds,ag m Rpfi.a epiWjSg } RpKyj oJ ds,aj 

ba[ ldawji ru'G epiP e+.o ljdhW s[ dVrjl blojV s[ h[n bjfSj 

bjlS i,Ddtbj m 

dHl e+.o dry dwl[ rg fiwji sj uja-fja@ RPy-Vgy@ Ziqwiq@ 

i.e-iPf@ Vlv s[ s[L-drs[L sj drawij VhgG wgaj debj m dHl 

vHg epiP e+.o ljdhW ug } drLr qVp,taj s[ f+dadVZ lqdNbj ujSj 

hg I'e ]m Fjia s[ f+dl,Z d`vjlì a[ ljWwj ijLBifag cj! ijZj 

d*LVV s[ v`;J dry ##l+g epiP e+.o lji[ fgiJ f{e.WiJ sg ugMsg ujesg 

bjrj; hV m$$ l+g epiP bqisjl ug s[ dlig ije dryv[ hpwq bVplji ^ 

##epiWjSg dHlp ue qdh yjVSp$$ ] m epiWjSg l.lji vHg yjVS qpVjij 

]m dHh ijh a'G t>pN[ fJZg } ejcg ijh $a[ dvbjMsg ] a[ l.lji~lqp>si 

a'G fji v.zjMsg ]m 

spVgbJ dryv[ lF Zjidqw e+.oJ sg fi.fij bjf'~bjfSg ]m 

awigWV lji[ ZiqJ s[ e+.o RphVJ s[ bjePbJ s[ f+v'w eqV Wjbs 

hg dvt[ eH[ dqvs[ hV m f+>aP bjds e+>o dHl f,Dt'G dVijvg a[ drL[L 

h{lgba i,tsj ]@ Fjr epiP ljdhW V[ bjf'~bjfSg hlag dry epiP 

ljdhWjV sg WjSg a[ FeaJ sg WjSg } e+.o iPf dry l.wdva wgaj m 

dqlBi q{wjdv` bjfSg f+dl,Z fplaw Sikh Religion dry dvtsj 

] dw dl,ZJaJ sg f+qjdSwaj s[ f,t $a[ dl,t qa sPu[ q,aJ Vjv'G dVijvj 

]m l.lji s[ Whpa lji[ Zjidqw qhJfpiL bjfS[ df,A[ lr{ idya dHw 

rg lai VhgG A,c eH[ m blgG RphVJ sg dl,Ddtbj w[rv irjdHaJ uJ 

sPdubJ rv'G ds,ag ujSwjig bjli[ hg ujSs[ hJ@ v[dwV dl,t ldaepiJ 


102 


sg WjSg RphVJ ?ps l.Fjvg m RphVJ dur[G A.sj~W.sg dry iyg@ Rpr[G dur[G 

Lp,Z iPf dry q"uPs h{ m 

dHh bB,v lyjHg ] dw epiWjSg bwjv fpit rv'G F[ug h'Hg 

ldaepiJ spbjij f=eB h'Hg ]^ 

siqgur kI bwxI siq siq kir jwxhu 

gurisKhu hir krqw Awip muhhu kFwey ] (pMnw ßÜä) 

spVgbJ sj f+dl,Z dvtjig a[ d`vjlì cj^ WiVjic Ljh epiWjSg 

sj bdZb{V wiV Wjbs dvtsj ] dw dl,tg dHw liW~drbjfw borj 

l.fPiV uea Ziq ] ba[ qVp,t qjai } lqjVaj sj l.s[L ds.sj ]m 

dHl e,v sg epiWjSg dry i,u w[ drbjdtbj wgag eHg ]m dl,tJ } 

dHM VhgG l'ySj yjhgsj dw dl,tg dHw h'i y.ej Ziq ]@ le'G dHl s[ 

RpvB dHM l'ySj yjhgsj ] dw w[rv dl,tg hg Vr[G Ip,e sj Ziq ]m 

dHh fPiV a"i $a[ fpijS[ q,aJ sg oJ q,vsj ] m dHh e,v dl,Z wiV vHg 

dwajWJ dvtS sg l?a v'C ]m sPu[ qa lyjHg i,ts[ hV@ f+>aP dl,t 

qa FifPi lyjHg ]m epiP VjVw s[r ug hg dHw b{lg drL[L hlag 

hV u' dHh s,ls[ hV dw ljcg Ziag a'G dWVJ h'i rg ZiagbJ ba[ 

q>cv bjds hV m fdhvgbJ Ziq fplawJ Wl dHl v'w ba[ fiv'w 

\lrie| Vjv hg rjlaj i,tsgbJ lV m dHh wdhSj dw RphVJ fplawJ 

dry h'iVJ ZiagbJ sj riSV ]@ RphVJ s[ bioJ } ZPh zlgB wiV 

rjvg e,v ] m lyjHg dHh ] dw dl,t Ziq riaqjV qVp,t sgbJ RpvNSJ 

sj rjhs h,v ] a[ f+LVJ \l.dlbJ| sj RpKai ]m 

epiWjSg a[ ljdH>l wHg f,tJ $a[ r,t-r,t ujfsg ]m ljdH>l Fjr[G 

b>aJ sg t'u wi w[ dltiJ $a[ fp,ug dslsg ] f+>aP Rph bu[ aw epiWjSg 

s[ bojh lqp>si sj fjijrji VhgG fj lwg m dqljv s[ a"i $a[ ^ 

DrqI horu prY horu horu ] 

iqs qy Bwru qlY kvxu joru ] (pMnw ß) 

aoj ^ 

iqQY KMf mMfl vrBµf ] 

jy ko kQY q AMq n AMq ] 

iqQY loA loA Awkwr ] (pMnw ä) 

aoj ^ 

pwqwlw pwqwl lK Awgwsw Awgws ] (pMnw á) 

koit bRhmMf ko Twkuru suAwmI srb jIAw kw dwqw ry ] 


\f>Vj 612|


103 

b>a ljdH>l } h'i ZiagbJ@ y.siqj@ lPiuJ bjds dlajdibJ sg 

h'Gs } q>VSj dfbj a[ dHh debjV epiP e+.o ljdhW sg t'u wgdabJ 

hg f+jfa h' lwsj ] m h;jiJ hg ljvJ a'G ljdH>l dHl doRPig $a[ fdhij 

ds>sg bj ihg lg dw lPiu tv'aj ] ba[ Ziag a[ y.s@ lPiu s[ spbjv[ 

zp>qs[ hV m dHl e[C wjiV dsV ija WSs[ hV@ ip,aJ dxisgbJ hV ba[ 

y.s e+dhS ba[ lPiu e+dhS v,esj ] m fi epiWjSg dHl a,o } lf,LB 

wisg ] dw ^ 

BY ivic sUrju BY ivic cµdu ] 

koh kroVI clq n AMqu ] \f>Vj 464| 

bjds epiP e+.o ljdhW sg dHvjhg WjSg RpKyg FJa sg ih,lrjsg@ 

lpigvg@ ilgvg@ ugrV sjag s{rg wjdr ] m dHl sj drLj~rlaP ] l,y@ 

w[rv l,y@ a[ fiq l,y ije W,pZ h'S wiw[ f+jSg qjai vHg h'i rg 

rZ[i[ dt,y sj wjiV WS ihg ]m v'w ZjiVj s[ bjsiLJ a[ r.V~lr.V[ 

iPhjVg egaJ sg fBjig ]^ 

Anq klw hoie Twkuru ciVAw ] \f>Vj 1081| 

slr[G fjaLjh epiP e'dW>s dl>z ljdhW ug V[ V.s[C drt[ 1708 

Hglrg } ##f'og fiq[li wj ojVp$$ \f>Vj 1226| Fjr epiP e+.o ljdhW 

ug } epie,sg $a[ lpL'dFa wgaj m liPf sjl F,vj wiaj qdhqj f+wjL 

bVplji slq[L ug V[ bjfS[ dl,tJ } hpwq wgaj dw ##epiP e+.o ljdhW 

sj fjn q[i[ ljo Wja wiV lqjV ] m q[ig bjaqj e+>o ljdhW dry ba[ 

ligi f>o dry h'r[ej m$$ wjL ) blgG Vjq~Zigw dl,t dHl lyjHg } f,v[ 

W.V% w[ bjfSgbJ dV,ug a[ f>ow b"wCJ sj h,v v,Fs[ m dwMdw dHh 

epiWjSg hg ] u' qVp,t s[ ugrV s[ lji[ f,t dHw~lqjV Rpljisg h{ m 


\f>ujW BjHgq;@ 24-30!8!1990|

dli'fjRp-dHdahjl@ qiIjsj a[ qVqa 

dli'fjRp sg W?LL dl,t Ziq dry Zjidqw qiIjsj lqNg uJsg 

]m dHh fdr,ai fi.fij dl,t dHdahjl bVplji epiP-wjv a'G hg bi.F 

h' eHg lg m epiP e+.o dry dli'fjRp f,s sj riSV wHg ue%j bjMsj 

]m drsrjVJ V[ dHl fs s[ bio bjfSg Wp,Zg bVplji wga[ hV m v`;J 

sg dF>Vaj h'S s[ WjruPs b>aig~Fjr lF sj dH,Dw' hg ]@ Rph ] l.fPiV 

WtdLL m epi `piqjV ]^ ##fdhdi dlifjRp l[rw uV q[v[$$ \f>Vj 631| 

fpLjwj rg W?dLL sj f+agw lqdNbj uJsj ] m FjHg ljdhW FjHg wjV% 

dl>z VjFj rjdvbJ V[ qhjV w'L dry bio dHM wga[ hV m ##dlifjRp 

borj li'fj@ l.debj@ dli a'G f{i aw fdhiS sg fpLjw borj d?,va m$$ 

debjVg RPZq dl>z ug qpajdWw ##dli'fjRp s[ bio dli sj RpfjRp 

bioja f{iJ a'G v{ w[ dli aw f+jfa wiV rjv[ sg i,Ddtbj wiV rjvg 

W?dLL m$$ dli'fjRp ljdhW epispbjij dibjla VjFj s[ iju qdhv dry 

lpL'dFa ]m dHl epispbjij ljdhW drt[ FjHg dav'w dl>z a[ ijq dl>z 

ug } epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug r,v'G W?dLbj dli'fj q"uPs ] m dHl a'G dHvjrj 

ljHk Wp,ZP Ljh lT"i[ rjv[ } epiP wvQgZi fjaLjh V[ slaji Vjv 

w.zj dul dry rjh[ h'H[ w[l hV@ wis \dwifjV| u' ljT[ da>V dH>y 

v.qg ] m dHhVJ da>VJ rlaJ Vjv epiP wvQgZi fjaLjh V[ hpwqVjqj 

rg W?dLbj m dHl epispbjij ljdhW dry h'i rg epiP ljdhW a[ RphVJ 

s[ Whjsi dl>zJ Vjv l.W.Za rlaPbJ RpfvWZ hV m dl,t dHdahjl 

bVplji FjHg dav'wj a[ FjHg ijqj ug V[ epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug fjl'G 

sqsqj ljdhW s[ blojV $a[ b>Ddq+a Aw w[ dl>z fs ZjiV wgaj lg m 

dHh s'V'G slr[G fjaLjh s[ Whjsi a[ bdV>V l[rw h'H[ hV m fjnwJ 

sg ujSwjig vHg slr[G fjaLjh rv'G W?L[ hpwqVjq[ sg Vwv h[nJ 

siu ] m blv hpwqVjqj WjWj bjvj dl>z s[ Wpiu fdBbjv[ dfbj ] ^ 

O ldaepiP ug m 

l+g epiP ug wg bjdebj ] FjHg dav'wj FjHg ijqj liWa l.ea 

epiP i,Dt[ej apZ uqgba v{ w[ bljc[ huPi bjrSj q[ig a[i[ Rpfdi Whpa 


dli'fjRp~dHdahjl@ qiIjsj a[ qVqa 

105 

tplg ] a[ij zi q[ij ] apZ hpwq s[tdsbj hg A[ag ljc[ huPi bjrSj 

a[ij zi q[ij bl{ \blp ]| apZ lajWg hpwq s[tdsbJ hg bjrSj aplj 

blrji v{ w[ bjrSj uiPi bjrSj a[i[ Rpa[ ljcg Fjig dqhirjVg bl{ 

a[ bjrSj dHw u'Cj \fpLjw dli'fj| F[uj ] itjrSj Fjs'G Ê l.qa 

ÍË \ÉÏÍË| ªdebjVg RPZq dl>z ug qpajdWw dli'fjRp sgbJ qpt 

rlaPbJ slaji spf,Bj@ dwifjV borj wHg h'i Llai bjds hV m 

ljC%gbJ wqg;J ba[ lPB bjds VhgG m« 

dli'fjRp Rphg hp.sj ] u' dwl[ epispbji[ dr,y l.ea rv'G ds,aj ujr[ m 

dwl[ dHw qVp,t sg ds,ag w'Hg yg; dli'fjRp VhgG h' lwsg m dli'fjRp 

dr,y Rpfi'wa rlaPbJ dHhVJ sj bjsi wiV rjv[ I'e drbwag } 

hg s[SgbJ yjhgsgbJ hV@ dwl[ qVq,ag } VhgG m dli'fjRp Rpl[ qVp,t 

} dqvSj yjhgsj ]@ dul V[ Ziq ba[ qV,ptaj sg FvjHg vHg w'Hg 

wpiWjVg wgag uJ zjv zjvg h'r[ m 

dli'fjRp Rpl drbwag } VhgG s[Sj yjhgsj@ u' epiP e+>o ljdhW 

ug } Vj q>VS rjvj@ dwl[ h'i sj y[vj ba[ f>o sj dri'Zg h'r[ m u' 

drbwag epiP zi sj f+Ljds v{S vHg rg dabji Vj h'r[@ Rpl } dlbjlg 

V[aj s[ Vja[ dli'fjRp s[Sj@ dli'fjRp sg dVijsig ]m dwl[ epiqda s[ 

hgS[ fdaa uJ Ziq dri'Zg } dli'fjRp s[Sj uJ dwl[ } zi uj w[ s[Sj@ 

dli'fjRp sg h,aw ba[ qVqa ] m dwl[ vHg dHh wdhSj dw Rpl V[ dwl[ 

} dli'fjRp sg W?dLL wgag ]@ I'e VhgG m dwMdw W?dLL wiV rjvj 

w[rv epiP hg ]m dli'fjRp dry dwifjV dli` Rpl drbwag } s[Sg 

I'e ] u' dwifjVZjig h'r[ m dwMdw dHh dl,t Ziq sj bjsiI'e Llai 

]m dwifjV } dli'fjRp dry s[S rjvj b>Ddq+aZjig dl>z h'Sj yjhgsj 

]@ w'Hg sjC%g w,BS uJ i.eS rjvj W[b>Ddq+agbj VhgG@ Rph fdaa ]m 

dli'fjRp bjq a"i $a[ qVq,agH[ v'wJ@ bhps[sjiJ@ q{GWiJ a[ dlbjlg v'wJ 

} hg s[Sj dHl fdr,a+ qiIjsj sg bI'e ria'G ]m dli'fjRp s[ Vjv 

dwl[ epidl,t } epiWjSg sj epBwj aJ ds,aj uj lwsj ]@ fi epiP e+>o 

ljdhW sg WgC s[Sg WCg Fjig Fp,v ]m dli'fjRp sg qiIjsj a[ s[S 

vHg I'eaj sg fit w'Hg epidl,t hg wi lwsj ]@ W[lqN qVq,ag v'wJ 

sj dHh w.q VhgG m dli'fjRp sg I'eaj sj f{qjVj@ bqgig dvhj; VhgG m 

dHh epiP sg W?dLL ]@ dul sj h,wsji Rphg ]@ dul V[ w'Hg V[w w.q 

wgaj h'r[ m q[ig ap,A Wp,Zg bVplji Rpfi dvt[ d?bjv epiqda bVpwPv 

hV a[ lj} ljdibJ } dsC%aj Vjv dHhVJ $a[ fdhij s[Sj yjhgsj ]m 

epiP b>es s[r ug V[ bjfS[ l[rw WjWj bqisjl ug } dli'fjRp 

sg W?dLL sg dfia ujig wgag lg m WjWj bqisjl ug Wjbs dry 


106 


epiP VjVw sg agug u'da epiP bqisjl ug whjH[ m epiWjSg W'Z a'G l,tS[@ 

dlt d`vjl`g a[ dHdahjl a'G w'i[ wHg bt"ag v[twJ V[ WjWj bqisjl 

ug } dqv[ dli'fjRp Wji[ RPv uvPv dvt qjdibj ] m dHhVJ dry hiVjq 

sjl ldhijHg VjrdvlB rg Ljqv ]m bqi qdhqj fplaw dvt w[ 

1979 dry epiP bqisjl ug s[ 500 ljvj epifpiW $a[ f+wjLa wgag 

eHg lg m dHl fplaw } dvtrjRpS dry L+'qSg f+W.Zw wq[Bg@ b>Ddq+ali 

V[ bjfSj I'esjV rg fjdHbj lg m dHl fplaw } fdC%bJ v[tw sg 

epiqda Wji[ lPN-WPN sj faj y,vsj ] m dvtsj ] ^ epiP b>es s[r ug 

bjfS[ l[rw WjWj bqisjl ug sg bap,B l[rj a'G f+l.V h' w[ hi ljv 

dli'fjRp Fjr slaji W?dLbj wis[ lV m dHh spqjvj WjWj ug bag 

LiZj dry dF,u[ h'S wiw[ dli Rpfi fdhv[ lujH[ spqjv[ s[ Rpfi W.V%s[ 

ih[ m w[lJ sg l`jHg r,v WjWj ug V[ RpKwj hg dZbjV Vj ds,aj a[ dli 

dry dwiq f{ eH[ m b>a epiP b>es s[r ug } faj v,eS $a[ WjWj ug 

sj dli ZpvjdHbj debj a[ srj~sjiP wi w[ dwiqJ a'G WjWj ug } dVuja 

dsvjHg m epiP ljdhW sg LjV dry dHl qVq,ag v[tw V[ wpì a'dvbj 

]m dHl[ ai%J bt"ag f+yjiw rg dHh' duhgbJ qVzCa whjSgbJ lB[uJ 

$a[ tC[ h' w[ lpSjMs[ hV m 

epiP e+.o ljdhW sg lqp,yg WjSg duo[ Vjq ufS $a[ Wji-Wji ;'i 

ds.sg ]@ Rpo[ ligiw l`jHg } rg bSe"dvbJ VhgG idhS ds>sg m epiP 

`piqjV ]^ 

wdi dHlVjVp dlqdi f+Fp bfVj qV aV FH[ bi'ej mm \f>Vj 611| 

wvQgZi fjaLjh V[ w[lJ sg l`jHg vHg w.z[ sg W?dLL wgag m 

hi i'; w.z[ Vjv w[l rjhpS sg ajQgs wgag m Vjq sjV dHLVjV 

dl,t Ziq s[ q,pTv[ dl,ZJa hV m WjWj ug dHhVJ dl,ZJaJ a'G ws[ rg 

br[lv[ VhgG lV h' lws[ m dHhVJ epSJ wiw[ hg epiP b>es s[r ug 

V[ RphVJ } bjfSj rjil ojdfbj m F,BJ V[ ngw hg aJ dvdtbj ]^ 

Fv[ bqisjl epS a[i[ a[ig Rpfqj a'dh WdV bjr{ mm \f>Vj 1396| 

sp,t sg e,v ] dw ljc[ dl,t vgciJ V[ dHl fdr,a+ fi.fij } bjfS[ 

dlbjlg a[ l.ljdiw qV'ioJ vHg riaSj LpiP wi ds,aj ]m ##spbjidh 

spbjdi lpbjV duRp c'va$$ rjvg apw dHhVJ qVq,agH[ a[ N'vg yp,wJ 

RpKfi fPig Rpaisg ]m f>o s[ bjeP a[ uo[sji btrjRpS rjv[ f>o } 

sPdubJ s[ f{iJ $a[ yvjRpS vHg z,B VhgG wi ih[ m w"q sg dlovaj 

s[ lq[G Zjidqw deijrB s[ WdhiPVg bjlqjV bj Bp,DB[ hV@ f+>aP dHhVJ 

bt"ag bjePbJ sj d?bjv dHl fjl[ RpKwj hg VhgG m hpS aJ ##!!!wHg 


107 

hdibj WPBp idhY ig mm$$ \f>Vj 384| rjvg brloj WS yp,wg ]m N'vg 

yp,wS sj Z.sj ljc[ bt"ag Ziq s[ n[w[sjiJ V[ fPiV a"i $a[ bfSj dvbj 

ujfsj ]m epiP hg dHhVJ } lpq,a W?L[ m 

rjs~drrjs sj bi.F 


1! RpcrjdHi@ dul V[ udv%bJ rjv[ WjQ b>Ddq+ali e'vg yvjRpS 

sj hpwq s[ w[ l{GwdCbJ sg deSag dr,y dVh,Do[ v'wJ } qji qpwjdHbj 

lg m liwji f,tgbJ V[ bwjv a?a ljdhW a'G dHl} dli'fjRp sg W?dLL 

wirjHg lg m dH>N v,esj ] dw dHh fdhvj r,cj wpwiq dl,t w"q s[ 

q,Do[ w"q s[ qphjdSbJ V[ hg qdC%bj lg m dxi aJ #ajH[ sg Zg y,vg q{G 

dwM ihJ dHw,vg$ rjvg e,v WS eHg m Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v ] dw 

dHl[ RpcrjdHi } RPZq dl>z V[ v.cV drt[ dHw Fjig uvl[ dry e'vg 

Vjv RpCj ds,aj lg m Fjr[G RPZq dl>z } dHhs[ qjiV wjiV xjh[ vj 

ds,aj debj@ f+>aP dHw r[iJ aJ dl,t w"q sg f,a i,t dstjHg m 

2! qihPq l.a àdh dl>z V[ bjfSg W,v[ W,v[ wirjRpS vHg 

wvw,a[ uj w[ dHw b?Wji s[ b{cgBi } dli'fjRp sg W?dLL wgag lg m 

3! uo[sji l.a't dl>z ds,vg rjv[ V[ N'vg yp,wS sg h,s hg qpwj 

A,cg m uVaj fjiBg sg l{GBi dry hwPqa lojfa h'S $a[ qpijiug 

dcljHg f+jHgq qdVlBi WdSbj lg m 1978 dry uo[sji l.a't dl>z 

up.cvg dcljHg } dli'fjRp sg W?dLL wiV vHg lgle.u epispbji[ a'G 

f+Ljds v{ w[ Rpl sg w'ng eH[ m dcljHg V[ f+Ljds v{S a'G dHVwji wi 

ds,aj m uo[sji l.a't dl>z V[ epiP blojV sg qh,aaj a[ dli'fjRp sg 

W?dLL Wji[ s,lS sj IaV wgaj ba[ f+Ljds lrgwji wiV vHg 

f+jioVj wgag m dHl $a[ dcljHg ug Qp,Dl[ dry bj eH[ a[ bjtS ve[@ 

##H[w Wji whj Vj q{G hvrj VhgG tjaj@ Whpa ;iPig ] a' q[i[ dli fi 

qv s' m$$ Lidq>s[ h'H[ uo[sji V[ bjfS[ ljogbJ lq[a rjfl bj w[ Fi[ 

sgrjV dr,y l.eaJ } RpKfi dvtg e,v lpSjHg m l.ea a[ ljig dl,t w"q 

V[ Whpa Wpij qVjdHbj m 

4! dHl[ ai%J Wjsv bwjvg sv ds,vg dHwjHg s[ fiZjV l+g dh,a 

V[ uVaj fjiBg s[ V[ajrJ } epispbjij lgl e.u s[ siLVJ } bjdHbJ 

$a[ epispbjij ljdhW s[ Wjhi hg dli'fjRp sg W?dLL wi w[ dVrjdubj m 

l.eaJ V[ ?PW rjr[vj qyjdHbj f+>aP dHh Tgn dlbjlg v'w ws'G lpSs[ 

hV m 

5! debjVg RPZq dl>z sg dHw dvta bVplji ds,vg dr,y dHw 


108 


r[iJ epiqda hgS[ wpN dl,tJ V[ wv,W s[ dHw Zjidqw uvl[ dr,y dHw 

dlbjlg V[aj } s[S vHg epiP e+.o ljdhW sg l.fPiV WgC lB[u $a[ 

bB{ygw[l dry fj w[ Fp.u[ hg i,t ds,ag@ duo[ v'w wpilgbJ $a[ W{n[ lV m 

us lB[u lw,ai u' bjfS[ bjf } f>ow vgci btrjRpS rjvj dl,t 

l+^ a[ur.a dl>z@ FjHg rgi dl>z lsV ds,vg sj y"Zig a[ ldwfi 

w.lB+wLV w.fVg sj qjvw ]@ dul } l+! WPBj dl>z V[ T,n[ l+g bwjv 

a?a ljdhW sg qpC Rpljig wiV sj n[wj l.aj dl>z dVh.e qptg sg 

dVeijVg dr,y ds,aj lg m dul wiw[ Rph dl,t f>o dr,Dy'G rg A[dwbj uj 

yp,wj lg@ RplV[ epiP e+.o ljdhW rjvj bB{ygw[l WgC s,l w[ Rpl V[aj 

} ds,aj@ aJ lisji wfPi dl>z a[ RPZq dl>z V[ l?a dHaij; wgaj m 

i"vj~e"vj fj w[ ljcg e,v } sWj ds,aj debj m dHh' duhg Fp,v Rph' 

v'w wis[ hV@ duhVJ sj epiP fgi dlbjla a[ ujdH; VujdH; T.e 

Vjv qjdHbj dHw,ng wiVj ]@ Ziq VhgG m 

6! epispbjij W.evj ljdhW drt[ dl,t lBPc{GBl `{ci[LV IPo 

bwjvg sv a[ h'i wHg dl,t l.lojrJ Q{i~dl,t a[ fdaa drbwagbJ 

} rg dli'fjRp s[S vHg lqjeq bjI'dua wi yp,wgbJ hV m Wp,T[ dl,t 

vgciJ } dl,t upbjVg w'lsg o,wsg VhgG m lqJ bjRpS $a[ bjf rg Rph' 

wpN wis[ hV m 

7! Vgvj ajij ljwj s[ d;>Dq[rji dH>sij eJZg a[ Rpl s[ fp,ai 

ijugr } RphVJ sgbJ w'ngbJ $a[ uj w[ N'vg~yp,w vgciJ V[ dli'fjRp 

sg W?dLL wgag m dHh lqjeq ds,vg s[ B{vgrgIVJ $a[ rg dstjdHbj 

debj m 

8! WPBj dl>z duhCj Vgvj ajij ljw[ lq[G h'q qdVlBi lg a[ bwjv 

a?a ljdhW a[ h'i epispbjdibJ } TjhpS rjdvbJ dr,Dy'G dliw,T lg@ 

} rg dli'dfbJ Vjv v,s ds,aj debj lg m Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v ] dw 

dHl WPBj dl>z } bwjv a?a ljdhW rv'G A[dwbj uj yp,wj ]m 

9! lpvajVfpi v'Zg li'ri sj B,w vjRpS rjv[ f>u epiP dfbjdibJ 

} dli'fjRp sg W?dLL widsbJ dHwWjv dl>z t[Cj rjvljv IP!w[! x'B' 

dry dstjdHbj debj ] m dHh x'B' dqag 9~6~90 } s[l f+s[l ljRPojv 

a'G dVwvs[ rgwvg f[fi dr,y Af yp,wg ] m l+g dHwWjv dl>z t[Cj bjf 

z'Vq'V ]@ f+>aP dli'fjRp sg W?dLL b>Ddq+aZjig dl>zJ } wi dihj ]m 

dHo[ s[S rjvj a[ v{S rjv[ s'V'G hg dli'fjRp sg dVijsig s[ Fjeg hV m 

epiP `piqjV ] ^ ##ljwa dlifjRp i[lqg fdhia fda t'Hg mm$$ \f>Vj 811| 

Fjr f+FP Vjv'G Bp,DB[ h'H[ qVp,t fjl'G u[ i[Lqg dli'fjRp rg dqv[@ Rph 

fdhdVbj rg dH,;a epbj vHgsg ]m bjtSj hg fr[ej dw bjrj hg 



109 

RPdabj dfbj ]m rv{a s[ epispbji[ Fjiag dHdahjlw epispbjdibJ 

dry yvjHg qiIjsj sg hg Vwv wiV sj IaV wis[ hV m dHo[ rg 

ijuVgaw v'wJ } l,s w[ RphVJ sg ?pLVPsg v{S vHg epispbjij f+W.Zw 

dli'fjRp sg W?dLL wis[ hV m f+W.ZwJ a[ f+yjiwJ V[ dli'fjRp sg fdr,a+ 

ilq } Whpa VgrgG f,Zi $a[ dvbj tCj wgaj ]m s[t lpS w[ qP>h dry 

RpGevgbJ v{SgbJ f{GsgbJ hV m lqN VhgG bjMsg dw dHhVJ wiq~ 

wJcg ilqJ } yjvP wiV rjvj w"S ]( f+>aP dHw e,v lf,LB ] dw 

epiP fjaLjh sg dVijsig wiV wiw[ hg ljig w"q wLB F'e ihg ]m 

rv{a a[ h'i f,Aqg s[LJ dry dli'fjRp sg aJ dq,Bg fvga wgag uj 

ihg ]m d?bjv wgaj uJsj ] dw dH>cgbj dry rg dHh' hg wC%g z'vg 

uj ihg h'r[eg@ dwMdw Rpo'G hg dHh ilqJ dHo[ fhp.ysgbJ hV m wpN 

wp qVqag dqljvJ dHM hV ^ 

\R| bV.s drbjh lq[G u'Cg } dli'fjRp \fdr,a= ipqjv[| sg W?dLL 

epispbjij ljdhW rv'G wgag uJsg ]m dHo[ w'Hg d?bjv VhgG 

i,Ddtbj uJsj dw u'Cg b>Ddq+aZjig uJ w[ljZjig rg ] uJ VhgG m 

dli` uJEgbJ qJEgbJ } ?pL wiV vHg a[ qjdHbj WB'iV vHg 

dHh cijqj wgaj uJsj ]m 

\b| l.aJ V[ rg bjfS[ a"i $a[ drbjh lq[G bjfSg rv'G dli'fjRp sg 

W?dLL wiVg LpiP wi ds,ag ]m 1991 dr,y Widq>zq drt[ 

epispbjij ljdhW dr,y v.cV a'G bjHg uV[a s[ qptg V[ ljRPojv 

a'G dHw bt"ag l.a rv'G F[u[ dli'fjRp sg W?dLL wgag m sjl V[ 

dHh b,tgG dc,nj a[ h{ijV idh debj m 

\H| dwl[ V[ epispbjij ljdhW drt[ bt>c fjn uJ v.ei wirjdHbj 

h'r[@ Rpl} rg dli'fjRp sg W?dLL wgag uJsg ]m wHg 

epispbjdibJ dry ipqjv[ s[ Vjv Vjigbv rg ds,aj uJsj ]m 

\l| W,Dy[ s[ uVq $a[ uJ Vjq i,tS $a[ epispbjij ljdhW r,v'G ipqjvj 

dli'fjRp ds,aj uJsj ]m wHg ziJ dr,y dl>zJ } f+Ljsj Awj w[ 

fpLjw[ qjdHbj bjds dli'fjRp wdh w[ ds,ag uJsg ]m dw,cj 

bdVbjdH dHl ilq Vjv wgaj uj dihj ]m 

##!!!Ziqp f>t wdi Rpcdibj mm$$ \f>Vj 145| dwl[ } wg bjtgb{ m dl,t 

w"q } epiqda ejcg ijhg $a[ fjRpS rjvgbJ dliw,T dl,t l.lojrJ 

hg wpijh[ fHgbJ h'HgbJ hV m L+'qSg epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg@ b>Ddq+ali 

a[ ds,vg epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg duhCgbJ f+rjdVa dl,t idha qiIjsj 

} vjeP wiV vHg WyVW,Z hV@ bjf hg qVqag ilqJ yjvP wi w[ 

dl,t w"q } ?pbji wiV vHg uJ ?aq wiV vHg w"CgbJ ljd;LJ dr,y 


110 


F'v bSF'v FjHgrjv WS ihgbJ hV m siWji ljdhW l+g b>Ddq+ali 

Whpag qjdHbj s[S rjv[ } rZgbj dli'fjRp Vjv dVrjdubj uJsj ]m 

Ziq sg dwia wiV rjvj drbwag duhCj Whpag qjdHbj sj e,xj 

VhgG s[ lwsj@ dli'fjRp a'G rJNj hg idh uJsj ] m dHdahjlw epispbji[ 

dry hg dl,t dl,t Vjv drawij h'r[ aJ epiqda dl,ZJa dwo[ vjeP 

h'r[ej m dHh aJ wjbW[ dry wpì rjvg e,v h'Hg m qvw Fje'bJ sj 

hi ue%j W'v Wjvj ] a[ vjv'bJ } hi ue%j bSe"dvbj uJsj ] m epiP 

`piqjV ] ^ ##fjfj WjNhp h'r{ Vjhg qpdHbj ljdo V ujHg mm$$ \f>Vj 417| 

epispbjdibJ dry cJe l'Bj h'S sj rg dH,w r,cj wjiV ] dw yC%jrj 

Ziq sg dwia sj VhgG@ Wv{w qVg sj hp.sj ]m 

sjl sg f+yjiwJ a[ epispbji[ s[ f+W.ZwJ } s'dH wi u'C u'sCg 

] dw bjfS[ dV,ug qaF[s a[ dVepSgbJ y"ZiJ s[ NeC[ vJF[ i,t w[ 

epiP e+.o ljdhW rv'G siljdH qjie ##dHwj WjSg dHwp epip dHw' lWsp 

rgyjdi mm$$ \f>Vj 646| s[ b>aigr Fjr } lqN w[ l.eaJ } l[ZJ s[S 

sg d*fjvaj wiV m 


\l.a dlfjhg@ la.Wi 1992|

ljcg spisLj dwM ( 

bjadqw@ bdZbjaqw a[ lsjyjiw wsiJ~wgqaJ sj ZjiVg a[ 

bv.Wisji ?jvlj dHl lq[G bjfSg Zjidqw a[ ldFbjyjiw drv,tSaj 

ba[ bjfSg yvg bj ihg fpijaV f+>fij wjdHq i,tS vHg d;>seg a[ 

q"a sj z'v wi dihj ]m qpLwvJ@ qplgWaJ ba[ ;pvq s[ W,sv x,BS 

sg WujdH h'i ePC%[ hp.s[ uj ih[ ujfs[ hV m w"q vgci-idha a[ dVfp>lw 

h' eHg ] m Wjhiv[ a[ b>siv[ Wp,wv s[ l,f dl,t idha qiIjsj } ive,c 

wiV s[ IaVJ dry hV m yji[ fjl[ Whjsi dl,t w"q dVijlaj s[ hV[i[ 

dry dzig h'Hg ] m ajSj WjSj H[Vj dredCbj h'dHbj ] dw lqN VhgG 

bj ihg@ w"q sj Fdr,t wg h'r[ej ( 

l'ys[ lJ ijugr eJZg a[ dHl sg up.cvg wJeil fjiBg h,Do'G ijulg 

l,aj tpl ujS $a[ f>ujW sj qlvj h,v h' ujH[ej ba[ dl,t w"q $a[ h' 

ihgbJ d;bjsagbJ } wpN nv% f{ ujr[eg m dHh rg IwgV lg dw Fjia 

sg VrgG ypSg liwji dl,tJ s[ qVp,tg bdZwji Whjv wi s[r[eg m ijugr 

fjiBg s[ WSjH[ wjv[ wj}VJ } ?aq wi w[ f>ujW dry a[ lji[ Fjia 

dry dl,t WijWi s[ Ldhig WS w[ ug lwSe[ m uVaj fjiBg s[ vgciJ 

V[ bjfS[ FjLSJ ijhgG a[ q{V'`{lBJ ijhgG dl,t w"q s[ qlv[ } h,v wiV 

sj drLrjl dsrjdHbj lg m dHl Rpqgs Vjv dw uVaj fjiBg@ dl,t 

w"q s[ ;?qg h' yp,w[ rwji $a[ q,v%q vjr[eg a[ Whjv wiV dry lhjHg 

h'r[eg@ } duajRpS vHg dl,t w"q V[ r,Z yC% w[ dh,lj fjdHbj m dHv{wLV 

dry wJeil fjiBg bjfSgbJ wjvgbJ wiaPaJ wjiV hji eHg m uVaj 

fjiBg dul s[ vgci rg!fg! dl>z hV@ V[ Fjia liwji sg rjec'i 

l.Fjvg m VrgbJ bjlJ RpqgsJ Vjv Fjiag v'wJ a[ dl,t w"q V[ lp,t sj 

ljh dvbj m 

uVaj fjiBg sg wjiep;jig $a[ dVejh qjdibJ dHh e,v dVti 

w[ ljhqS[ bj uJsg ] dw W'avJ s[ dli` v[Wv hg Wsv[ hV@ b>si 

Rph' hg ijugr-qjiwj LijW ]@ Fjr ijugr liwji a[ uVaj fjiBg 

sg fjvlg dry ?jl b>ai VhgG m NPn[ fpdvl qpwjWdvbJ s[ cijq[ wi 


112 


w[ dl,t V"urjVJ } Rpl[ ai%J ?aq wgaj uj dihj ]@ ba[ Rpl[ ai%J hg 

WgWgbJ } ojS[ dry l,s w[ W[f,a wgaj uJsj ] m liwji sgbJ wjvgbJ 

dW,vgbJ Rpl[ ai%J hg vp,B-tlp,B wi w[ v'wJ $a[ ;pvq Tjh ihgbJ hV m 

Rpl[ ai%J hg siWji ljdhW l+g b>Ddq+ali s[ spbjv[ lg!bji!fg! z[ij z,ag 

hi IjaiP sg avjLg v{ w[ W[dH;a wi ihg ] m dvtS sj Fjr dw Rpl[ 

ai%J qjlPqJ sj ?PV cp,v% dihj ] a[ wpi,fB fpdvl wiqyjig fjfJ sg 

bjqsV Vjv q'B[ hp.s[ uj ih[ hV m rg!fg! dl>z a[ s[rg vjv bjds vgci 

f>ujWg@ ?jl wiw[ dl,tJ } daxv al,vgbJ s[ w[ yp,f wiw[ ;pvq ldhS 

wig ujS sj Rpfs[L s[ ih[ hV m wdhSg a[ woVg dry WCj b>ai ]m 

epiWjSg sj qhJrjw_##evºg blg y.egbj bjyjig Wpigbjh mm$$ dHhVJ 

$a[ fPij Tpwsj ]m 

liW,a sj Fvj q>eS rjvg@ LjVsji dHdahjl a[ bqgi dril[ 

rjvg w"q sg dHh spisLj dwM h'Hg a[ h' ihg ]( sPldibJ sg f,a 

i,tS sg ;jqV w"q } bjfSg bjWiP WyjRpS sj d`wi v,ej h'dHbj 

]m Fjia s[ b>si a[ Wjhiv[ qpvwJ dry dl,tJ } L,wg V;iJ Vjv s[dtbj 

uj dihj ] m dVis'L a[ qjlPq h'S s[ WjruPs ljig dl,t w"q a[ B{i'dilB 

h' ujS sj x,Bj v,e yp,Ddwbj ]m fpijaV dHdahjl a[ hpS sg y,v ihg 

drrloj dry ;qgV blqjV sj ìw dsl dihj ]m dHh WCj e.Fgi 

qlvj WSsj uj dihj ]m v[tj~u'tj wiVj rg ;iPig ]m bjY ) dryji 

wiw[ w'Hg h,v vFgH[ m 

dh>sP Ziq 

ljc[ dr,Dy'G Whpa lji[ dh>sP Ziq s[ bVpbjHgbJ } hg fpbjC[ sg 

uC% lqNs[ hV m ljdibJ } dH,w i,Dl[ W.V%Sj Rpdya VhgG@ f+>aP dHhVJ 

dìwP bjigbj lqjug ;dhVgba rjdvbJ s[ l"C[ d?bjvJ } rg b,Dt'G 

Rphv[ VhgG wi lws[ m dHl l.siF dry dqlBi cg! f{B fg!@ duhCj dW+dBL 

iju lq[G ?p`gbj drFje sj qptg lg@ sg bela 1901 rjvg dif'iB 

hg wj`g h'r[eg m dvtsj ]^ 

dh>sP qa s[ bVpbjHg hq[Lj hg dl,t qa } w{igbJ b,tJ Vjv 

s[ts[ bjH[ hV@ dwMdw dHl s[ epiP ljdhWjV V[ fPiV lxvaj 

ldha W+jhqSrjs $a[ bjZjdia APa Aja sj FifPi dri'Z 

wgaj lg m dHl[ wjiV dh>sPbJ sg hq[Lj a'G dHh w'dLL ihg h{ 

dw dl,t lisjiJ s[ W,DdybJ } t>c[ sg fjhpv fjV wiV a'G i'dwbj 

ujr[ ba[ r,Z a'G r,Z dl,tJ } q;%Wg bwgs[ a'G a'dCbj ujr[ m 



113 

dh>sP qa LwagLjvg Wp,Z qa } aJ fdhvJ hg dVev yp,Ddwbj 

h{ ba[ hpS dHl V[ dl,t qa sgbJ wHg l`J dry sijCJ fj 

ds,agbJ hV m 

dHl dry w'Hg L,w VhgG dw dl,t w"q sj r,cj dh,lj dh>sPbJ dr,Dy'G 

hg bjdHbj h{ m dHl vHg dh>sPbJ rjv[ l.lwji dl,t Ziq } q>VS rjdvbJ 

$a[ hjrg hp.s[ ih[ hV m dl,t Ziq siblv dh>sPbJ s[ qPiag fPuj@ x'w[ 

wiq~wJcJ@ APa-Aja a[ riSr>c s[ d?vj` dHw dwlq sj uhjs lg m 

dHl[ ai%J qplvqjVJ s[ wHg rdhqJ } V.debj wi w[ dl,t epiP ljdhWjV 

V[ l,y sg l[Z ds,ag lg m dHl vHg Vj aJ dh>sPbJ ba[ Vj hg qplvqjVJ 

V[ dHl RpKn ih[ l,Dy[ Ziq } dtC[ q,Do[ lrgwji wgaj m epispbjij lpZji 

a[ bwjvg vdhiJ rg dh>sP Ziq s[ h,Ds'G r,Z y,pw[ QvW[ } ?aq wiV 

vHg yvjHgbJ eHgbJ lV m Wjbs dry dHV%J vdhiJ V[ hg dlbjlg 

iPf Zji ì.egbJ } qpvw'G Wjhi w,T qjdibj m Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v 

h{ dw dwl[ lq[G siWji ljdhW b>Ddq+ali sg fdiwiqj dh>sPbJ s[ s[rg 

s[rdabJ sgbJ qPiagbJ Vjv Fig hp.sg lg m FjHg wjV% dl>z VjFj@ 

f+'`{li epiqpt dl>z@ debjVg ds,a dl>z bjds dl>zJ V[ ;Wisla qpdh>q 

yvj w[ dl,t w"q sj dHV%J a'G tdhCj ApcjdHbj m f+>aP dh>sP Ziq V[ hji 

VhgG q>Vg a[ qpC dl,tJ } ?aq wiV vHg hqv[ wig uj dihj h{ m 

1947 dry Fjia bj;js h' debj m liwji sg rjec'i dh>sP 

Whp~deSag s[ h,o bj eHg m dHh w,BC dìwP ljWa h'H[ vpwr[G T.e 

Vjv Fjia } dVi'v dh>sP ijLBi WSjRpS dry up,B eH[ a[ z,B~deSag 

rjv[@ ?jl wiw[ dl,tJ } uijdHq~f[Lj wdh w[ WsVjq wiVj LpiP wi 

ds,aj m dHl[ ai%J qplvqjVJ } s[L~Z+'hg fjdwlajVg wdh w[ WsVjq wgaj 

uj dihj h{ m dqlBi duVjh s[ qpajdWw hi wJeilg dh>sP Fjr[G dw>Vj 

rg t,sif'L h'r[@ b>si'G w,BC dh>sP f+la h'r[ej m dHh e,v 100 f+agLa 

ngw ljWa h'Hg h{ m h{ijVg sg e,v h{ dw qpvw sg ijtg widsbJ dh,w 

dry e'vgbJ tjr[ aJ dl,t fi.aP u[wi bjfS[ Ziq sg bj;jsg sg e,v 

wi[ aJ w[ljZjig dh>sP wdh w[ ApdBbjdHbj uj dihj h{ m 

dHl[ ai%J 1984 sj z,vPzjij dl,t w"q ws[ VhgG Fp,v lw[eg m Fjia 

liwji s[ w,BC dìwj~f+la r;giJ sg Ldh $a[ hg dl,tJ sj wav[bjq 

h'dHbj m wjav Li[bjq api[ dxis[ hV m qpw,sqj dwl[ $a[ rg VhgG 

yvjdHbj debj m dHl a'G r,cg lgVj;'ig wg h' lwsg h{ ( dHh w,BC 

dh>sP dìwP fjdvlg qpvw } t[iP. t[iP. wi w[ i,t s[r[eg m dHh lg dh>sP 

a[ dh>s liwji sj w,yj dy,nj m hpS blgG bjfS[ zi sj hjv s[tgH[ m 


114 

dl,t vgciJ sj dwisji 


l.a WjWj uiV{v dl>z ug sg ;WjVg ^ ##?jvlj ug ) u[wi blgG f>o 

zjaw a[ dh>sP dVrj; dl,t bjePbJ s[ Th[ Vj yC[% hp.s[ ba[ ?jvlj f>o 

sg dl,ZJaw lyjHg a[ drv,tSaj a'G fPig ai%J Vjv ujSwji hp.s[ aJ 

1947 dry blgG rg dHw w"q ru'G ?jvlj iju sg f+jfag a[ lojfVj 

wgag h'Hg hp.sg ba[ b,u blgG spVgbj sg bj;js a[ ?psqptdabji w"qJ 

s[ qpwjWv[ hjSg WS w[ W{n[ h'H[ hp.s[ m$$ dl,t vgciJ dr,Dy'G lpiuga dl>z 

WiVjvj sg dqljv s[ w[ bjfS[ Vpwa[ } h'i lf,LB wis[ hV dw ##q{G 

dHw s' rji fdhvJ rg l.eaJ } t,pv[% a"i $a[ s,l yp,wj hJ dw df,A[ duh[ 

lpiuga dl>z WiVjvj V[ lqp>sig hjv dry bwjvg uo[sjiJ a[ h'i lF 

A'B[ bjePbJ sg hj;ig dry dHh e,v b{vjVgbj a"i $a[ e,u r,u w[ whg 

lg dw f>o sj wg h{ ( Rpl} dul ai%J qei vjrJe[@ Rph v,De[ej m lF 

f+wji s[ ijuVgaw `{lv[@ lqN"a[ aJ blJ hg wiV[ hV m u' `{lv[ blgG 

wiJe[@ Rph f>o } wWPv wiV[ hg f{Se[ m u[wi w'Hg drbwag uJ wpN 

v'w i"vj fjRpSe[ aJ RphVJ } rg Wjbs dry ojfCj s[ w[ qVj vrJe[ m 

fi dxi rg yp,f VhgG ih[ aJ lj} Rpl sg w'Hg f+rjh VhgG h{ m$$ ejh[~Wejh[ 

l.a WjWj dF>ciJrjv[ dHV%J f>ow vgciJ sgbJ lpbjiog a[ h.wjig wiaPaJ 

a'G fisj yp,w w[ dl,t l.eaJ } ujSP. wijMs[ idh>s[ lV m 

wjL ) l.a ug d;>sj hp.s[ a[ dl,t-l.eaJ } l,yg l[Z ds>s[ idh>s[ m 

upNjiP dl,t vgciJ sj i'v 

l.a WjWj dF>ciJrjdvbJ a'G s' wsq b,e[ h' w[ w"q sg a[ Ziq 

blojVJ sg h'Hg W[hpiqag sj wjiV duo[ dH>sij eJZg a[ dHl sg up.cvg 

} lqNs[ hV@ Rpo[ dHV%J dl,t vgciJ qpajdWw Wp,T[ dl,t vgci y,v[ wjiaPl 

hV m dHhVJ } diBjdHi h' ujSj yjhgsj h{@ Vhk aJ e'vg Vjv ?aq 

wi s[Sj vj;qg h{ m Qva~`dhqg wjiV wHg sjVLri dl,t vgci rg 

e'vg sj dVLjVj WS yp,w[ hV m h'i faj VhgG dwl dwl } q"a Rpcgwsg 

h{ m dHh Qva ipyg h{ m dHl[ ipyg wjiV hg dl,t w"q ?jVju.eg sj dLwji 

h'Hg uj ihg h{ m q>V v{Gs[ hJ dw Wp,T[ vgciJ V[ dl,t w"q } ?pbji wgaj@ 

f+>aP upNjiP dl,t vgci wg wi ih[ hV ( bjfSg y"Zi yqwjRpS vHg 

bjfS[ hg FjHgbJ } dri'Zg lqN w[ qjig uj ih[ hV a[ Qsjig s[ àr[ 

ZCj~ZC ljsi wi w[ dVis'LJ s[ ?PV dry h,o i.eg uj ih[ hV m ijdu>si 

dl>z FjBgbj w"qg H[waj b?Wji sj b{cgBi bjfS[ agh ljvj 

f,aiwjig s[ auiW[ a'G dvtsj h{ ^ 


115 

dHh w"q sg WsW?ag VhgG dw 1928 dry aJ dHl sg vgcidLf 

fC[%~dvt[ Wji!b{B!vjb drbwagbJ s[ h,o lg m 1968-88 dry 

B'Bv bVfC%J@ ijegbJ TjcgbJ a[ ljZJ s[ h,o dry bj eHg m 

q[ij Fjr dwl[ wgiaV wiV rjv[ uJ V[w-fpiL sg h[ng wiVj 

VhgG@ Wvdw dlbjla a'G w'i[ fpiL a'G h{ m q{G bVpFr wisj hJ 

dw bZ'eag vHg riaqjV lq[G qp>c[ z,B ;p>q[rji h'Se[ fi ljig 

B"hCj b{Gc w.fVg d;bjsj ;p.q[rji h{ m 

dHl dry w'Hg L,w VhgG dw dl,t vgcidLf V[ W,ui QvagbJ 

wgagbJ a[ Vagu[ ru'G dl,t w"q ?pbji h'Hg h{ m dHl vgcidLf } wghV[ 

ojfCj s[ w[ qPhi[ dvbJsj ( RpKai lj` a[ dl,Zj h{ dw blJ bjf Fjr 

dw dl,t w"q m dHl vHg duo[ ljc[ vgciJ sj bjyiV dc,e yp,wj h{@ Rpo[ 

dl,t w"q rg bjfS[ fpidtbJ s[ dHdahjl } FpvjHg W{ng h{ m epiWjSg 

} ljc[ WjdWbJ@ sjdsbJ@ fCsjdsbJ V[ d;>seg sj bjZji WSj w[ 

LjVsji dHdahjl sg dliuVj wgag lg m blgG epiP fjaLjh s[ hpwqJ 

} Fpvj w[ bVqag dWfiV igaJ } e+dhS wig uj ih[ hJ a[ t,uv~?pbjig 

sg t,c dry dc,es[ uj ih[ hJ m slr[G fjaLjh sj `piqjV h{ ^ 

uW ve tjvlj ih[ dVbjij mm 

aW ve a[u sgRp q{G ljij m 


q{G V wi'G dHV wg fiaga mm 

ldaepiP fjaLjh V[ bVqagbJ a'G dVbjij idh w[ dryiS sg 

ajQgs wgag lg@ f+>aP blgG W+jhqSg wiq~wJcJ } bjfSg wjqIjWg 

a[ qpwag sj ljZV lqN W{n[ m dHl[ wiw[ hg blgG epiP fjaLjh s[ a[u 

f+ajf a'G rJN[ h' eH[ hJ ^ 

fPuj bwjv wg 

fiyj lWs wj 

sgsji tjvl[ wj m 

dHh da>V'G dl,ZJa epiP ?jvl[ sg yC%sg wvj s[ f+agw hV@ f+>aP 

blgG dHhVJ dl,ZJaJ } df,n s[ w[ ^ 

fPuj f{l[ wg 

fiyj qPiag wj m 


a[ bVqagbJ Vjv dqve'Fj h'S dry hg bjfSg LjV lqNg m ##wWgi 

ljyj ldaepip dwbj wi{ uRp dltj qdh yPw mm$$ aoj epi~`piqjV h{ ^ 

jo pwQr kI pWeI pwie ] 

iqs kI Gwl AjWeI jwie ] (pMnw ÝÝâÜ) 


116 


epiP fjaLjh V[ bjfSg Rpqa } LWs s[ vC vjdHbj lg m ##lWds 

epiP lpida ZpdV y[vj$$ LWs sg t'u wiV sg WujdH RphVJ sg Rpqa 

V[ qVzCa epiP ljdhWjV sgbJ x'B'bJ } q,oj B[wSj LpiP wi ds,aj m 

bwjv fpit s[ epSJ s[ l.e+dh epiP e+.o ljdhW s[ q>ug ljdhW s[ fjdrbJ 

} epiP s[ yiV lqN w[ zp,BSj LpiP wi ds,aj a[ wHgbJ V[ i,tCgbJ W.V% 

w[ bjfSg bfji LiZj sj f+eBjrj wgaj m bdebjVaj s[ hC% dry 

ljcg f+yjiw L[+Sg ipC%g uj ihg h{ m RphVJ V[ w"q } l[Z wg s[Sg h{( 

ljZjiS W.sj dHhVJ s[ dwisji } s[t w[ Bfvj tj uJsj h{ m L+'qSg 

epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg V[ bjf x'B'bJ AfrjHgbJ a[ r[ygbJ m siWji 

ljdhW w.fv{wl dry bjf d`vqJ sg LPdB>e wiV sg dHuj;a ds,ag m 

us dw slq fjaLjh sj hpwq h{ ^ ##VjBw y[Bw wgH[ wpwjuj mm f+F 

v'eV wh bjra vjuj mm$$ fjnw bjf hg b>sj;j vj v{S u[wi rjC 

hg t[a } tjS v,e ujr[ aJ t[a sj wg hjv h'r[ej m ##dHhVJ qh.aJ 

} aJ blgG Rpaji dvbj@ b{fi duV%J } WhjS v,e[ hJ@ Rph dwl[ w'v'G 

v,oS[ VhgG m$$ dHh v`; f>u dfbjdibJ dr,Dy'G dHw V[ epispbjdibJ sgbJ 

yjWgbJ v{S lq[G bjt[ lV m dw>Vg lyjHg dHl woV dry h{ m dHv{wLV 

du,a w[ epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg s[ q{GWi a[ f+W.Zw epi~qiIjsj } 

ive,c wiV dry lF a'G qPhi[ hV m 

epispbjdibJ s[ RpljiV sj blv Fjr bv'f h' debj ujfsj 

h{ m LJag a[ fPuj s[ li'a ljcgbJ Qva wiaPaJ wiw[ lp,ws[ uj ih[ 

hV m hi e,v } dlbjla f,Dt'G s[dtbj uJsj h{ m epispbjdibJ s[ e+.ogbJ 

sgbJ dVIpwagbJ lpbjiog a[ dlbjlg dVLjV[ } qp,t i,t w[ wgagbJ 

uJsgbJ hV m bwjvg sv dlbjlg uqja h{@ f+>aP L+'qSg wq[Bg sj f+ZjV 

rg dHl[ uo[W.sg sj spW[v WdSbj idh>sj h{ m epispbjdibJ sj f+W.Z 

ZC[W.sg a'G Rpfi Rpn w[ wiVj yjhgsj h{@ f+>aP dHl ai%J VhgG h' dihj m 

dHl vHg w"q qji tj ihg h{ m 

##f>y firjS f>y fiZjVp mm$$ epiP zi dry f>yJ sj RpKyj blojV 

h{ m epiP e+.o ljdhW sg hj;ig dry epiP iPf hg lqN[ uJs[ hV f+>aP dHl 

RpKyaq f+>fij } rg blJ wv.wa wi ds,aj h{ m s[l f+s[l b>w V.Wi 

1095 l`j 35 $a[ lpvajVfpi dry li'ri sj B,w vjRpS rjv[ f>u 

dfbjdibJ } dHwWjv dl>z t[Cj z'Vj~q'Vj W.sj dli'fjY s[Gsj x'B' dry 

dstjdHbj debj h{ m dliep.q W.sj bqgi uJ liqjH[sji aJ h' lwsj 

h{ f+>aP epiP sg q'hi w[l dli $a[ Vj h'S wiw[ epiP wj dl,t VhgG btrj 

lwsj m ujfsj h{ dli'fjY sg dHdahjlw qh,aaj sj Vj l+g t[Cj ljdhW 

} faj h{ ba[ Vj hg bt"ag f>u dfbjdibJ } m epiqda s[ qp,Tv[ blPv 


117 

} dA,w[ B.e w[ bjfSg hRpq{ } f,n[ fjRpS vHg dHhVJ x'B' b?Wji dry 

Afrj ds,ag h{ m dli'fjY epiP zi'G dwl[ epidl,t h,Do'G dwl[ Ziqg W.s[ } 

W?dLbj uJsj h{ m dHhVJ wvupegbJ } w"S lqNjr[ m dHl[ ai%J hjv{Gc 

s[ dHw Ldhi c{Vhje dry dHw dHh' duhj w[ljZjig WhpiPfgbj dHw,vj 

hg d*fjV Vjv b>Ddq+a dabji wi w[ b>Ddq+a AwjRpS sj Twr.u iyg 

uj dihj h{ m f>u dfbjdibJ sg v'C hg VhgG lqNsj m F'v bSF'v dl,DZ[ 

ljs[ v'w qjdHbj ujv dry xl[ qji tjHg uj ih[ hV m dHh' duh[ Vgq 

hwgq dl,t w"q } Whpa VpwljV fhp.yj ih[ hV m 

ujafja sj w'hC dh>sP Ziq sg s[S h{ m lj} rg dHl dWqjig 

V[ fPig ai%J uwdCbj h'dHbj h{ m slr[G fjaLjh V[ b>Ddq+a sj WjBj 

dabji wi w[ WQ{i dwl[ dF>V F[s s[ lF } AwjdHbj lg m RPy~Vgy 

sgbJ w.ZJ Tjh w[ l.ea a[ f>ea sj dl,ZJa yvjdHbj m blgG h'i dwl 

} bjtgH[@ ljc[ qptg hg dHl epiqda s[ qp,Tv[ dl,ZJa sg dq,Bg fvga 

wi ih[ hV m wpCg qp>c[ s[ diLa[ lq[G uja Wijsig sj lpbjv qPhi[ i,ts[ 

hV m dHo[ hg W,l VhgG@ bV.s wjiu lq[G W+jhqSg ilqJ igaJ sg Fiqji 

hp.sg h{ m b>a $a[ e+.og dl>z bisjl wisj h{ dw bV.s wjiu sg ilq 

fPiV epi~qiIjsj Vjv h'Hg m dw,cj r,cj NPn blgG epiP ljdhW sg hj;ig 

dry W'v ih[ hp.s[ hJ m 

fPuj sj ZjV 


blJ Ziq } rg wji'Wjig Z.sj WSj dvbj h{ m wgiaV@ bt>c fjn 

bjds wiV vHg l"sj wgaj uJsj h{ m wHg ue%j s[dtbj debj ] dw 

ijeg dl>z sg lpiag LWs sg WujH[ rju[ Rpa[ bj ihg qjdHbj r,v hp.sg 

h{ m ##i'Bgbj wjidS fPidh ajv$$ sj aqjLj h' dihj hp.sj h{ m wHg ft>cg 

ljZ epi~q>ai arg; Zje[ sptg vpwjHg } ?pL wiV vHg s[ w[ qjdHbj 

WB'is[ hV m dHhVJ F,si fpiLJ f+ojdH epiP ljdhW V[ `piqjdHbj h{ ^ 

dZ+ep daVj wj ugdrbj du dvdt dvdt r[ydh VjRp mm \f>Vj 1245| 

fjt>cg a[ s.Fg ljZJ sj hC% hg bjdHbj h'dHbj h{ m dl,t Ziq dry 

wiVg f+ZjV h{ m epiP qda } dabje w[ W+jhqSg qa qei hg v,eg uj 

ih[ hJ m epiP ljdhW V[ dl,t } LWs s[ vC vj w[ ugrV ujy s,lg lg m 

lj} dHhVJ s.Fg ljZJ a'G WySj yjhgsj h{ m dh>sP Ziq@ Fjiag liwji 

a[ vgciJ } w'lg ujS sg WujdH w"q } bjf h.Fvj qjiVj yjhgsj 

h{ m bjY dWfiV igaJ A,c w[ l,y[ epiP sj vC xCgH[ m 


\s[l f+s[l@ Vr.Wi 1990|

Fiq Fpv[t[ 

kwdI kUVu boil mlu Kwie ] 

bRwhmxu nwvY jIAw Gwie ] 

jogI jugiq n jwxY AMDu ] 

qIny EjwVy kw bµDu ] \f>Vj 662| 

dHh Fjia sg bdZbjaqw bZ'eag sj lhg l.w[a epiP VjVw ug 

V[ WjSg@ Zpi wg WjSg dry ds=lBjdHbj h{ m epiP VjVw s[ bjeqV lq[G 

W+jhqS sptg v'wJ } Fiq Fpv[t[ a[ x'w[ wiq~wJcJ s[ ujv dry xlj 

w[ vp,Bg uj dihj lg m sPli[ fjl[ qplvqjVg Ligba s[ T"Geg wiCgbJ 

;.ugiJ dry qVp,taj } uwC ih[ lV m u'eg bjfSgbJ upeagbJ Vjv 

ugrJ } Fiqj ih[ lV m Ziq sj f+qp,t f+I'uV@ fpiL } lsjyjig a[ 

s{rg epSJ sj ZjiVg WVjRpSj hp.sj h{@ dul a'G uVaj dWvwpv w'ig 

lg m l+g epiP VjVw V[ ##lyhp Yi[ lFp w'@ Rpfdi lyp bjyjip mm$$ sj h'wj 

s[ w[ dHw VrJ dl,ZJa spVgbJ ljhqS[ i,Ddtbj m 

dl>z Wpw[ dqiejrvg@ F.Vg ujdH V Zgdi Zi'bj mm!!! 

epiqpdt wdv drdy fieB h'bj mm 

\FjHg episjl ug@ rji É@ fRpCg ÊÏ| 

f>Ddca a[ qpvjdSbJ s[ c[dibJ dry hvyvg a[ fi[LjVg x{v eHg m 

bjfSg wPC dwdibj $a[ fisj fjRpS vHg epiP VjVw fjaLjh } FPaVj 

a[ wpijhgbj bjdtbj m f>ur[G fjaLjh } a,ag arg $a[ dWnj w[ a,a[ 

i[a s[ wCA[ lgl $a[ fjH[@ s[e dry RpWjdvbj m epiP a[Q Whjsi \epiP 

VjVw V"r[G ujq[ dry| ug } dHl l,y sj N.cj RpKyj i,tS vHg WvgsjV 

s[Sj dfbj m slr[G ujq[ epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ bjfSj fdirji a[ bjfSj 

bjf ba[ bV[wJ Whjsi dl>z lPiq[ wpiWjV wga[ m dl,tg s[ WPB[ } ?PV 

Vjv dl>Ddubj m dl,tJ } b>Ddq+a sg sja W?L w[ bqi wi ds,aj m dl,tJ 

} L?lg fPuj sg WujH[ #LWs$ epiP e+.o s[ vC vjdHbj m bjds l+g epiP 

e+.o ljdhW ljc[ fjl dHw bqp,vj ?;jVj h{ m epiWjSg sj debjV lsgrg 

h{ m ljij f+wjL rjdhepiP s[ Rpfs[LJ a[ WjSg a'G dqv lwsj h{ a[ dHl 


Fiq Fpv[t[ 

119 

s[ bjli[ ljcj qjie i"LV idh lwsj h{ m dl,t Ziq f+FP drLrjlg h{@ 

b>Z~drLrjlg VhgG m dHh dViqv dryji a[ Vjq sg wqjHg a'G Rpfu[ 

debjV dry ds=C% drLrjl i,tsj h{ m dHh wiq~wJcgbJ sj Ziq VhgG m 

dHo[ wiVg f+ZjV h{ m Ioj ^ 

riK riK crn Dry vIcwrI ] 

duibDw Coif Bey inrMkwrI ] \f>Vj 685| 

epiP sj dl,t dViqv dryjiJ ijhgG bjfS[ bjyiS } Tjvsj h{ m 

debjV drhPSj qVp,t b>V%j h{ m fi b`l'l ) l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW duh[ 

bVq'v bdZbjaqw ba[ fPiV WpdVbjsg l,y s[ ?;jV[ s[ hp.dsbJ rg 

dl,tg W+jhqSrjs s[ dLw.u[ dry veFe hi fdhvP a'G uwCg h'Hg h{@ 

dul sj wjiV dHdahjl dvtS rjv[ uJ aJ w,BC dh>sP lV uJ qplvqjV m 

dHhVJ epiP zi s[ s'tgbJ V[ epiqda d`vjl`g Wji[ Whpa Fpv[tj fjRP 

ljdha idybj m epiP VjVw s[r ba[ RphVJ s[ V"G RpKai~bdZwjigbJ 

V[ W[b>a f+jSgbJ } l,y[ bdZbjaqrjs sg f+y.c i"LVg dry epiqda 

ejcg ijh RpKa[ y,vS sg f+[iVj ds,ag m fi dHh W+jhqSrjs x'dVwl 

f>Ag rJe h{@ u' bjfS[ ligi sg bhPag beVg dry s[ w[ qpC Iprw 

h' dVWCsj h{ m dqlvJ s[ dl,t iju Rpf+>a aJ dHh zpS rJe dl,tg s[ 

dW+A sgbJ uC%J Rpa[ FjiP h' debj m wpdBv W,pZgugrgbJ V[ wHg ai%J 

s[ f+*S dHw,ai wiw[ bjfSg FjrVj bVplji dvt vH[ ba[ dHh qLhPi 

dl,tJ s[ Vjq o,v[@ epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug rv'G dvtrjH[ h'H[ s,l w[@ 

idhaVjdqbJ s[ iPf dry ujig wi ds,a[ m 

idhaVjdqbJ s[ s"i a'G fdhvJ bioja epiP biuV ljdhW ug lq[G 

rg epiWjSg dry w,yg epiWjSg dqvjRpS sj l.wB bjdHbj lg m fi 

epiP ljdhWjV V[ bjds l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW sg l.fjsVj wi w[ dHl l.wB 

sj lqjZjV wi ds,aj m dHhVJ idhaVjdqbJ ijhgG epiqda d`vjl`g 

Wji[ wHg Fiq Fpv[t[ fjH[ eH[ hV m Whpa ljigbJ lr{~dri'Zg e,vJ dHhVJ 

idhaVjdqbJ dry dqvsgbJ hV@ duhCgbJ dw epiP e+.o ljdhW dry 

siu WjSg s[ dWvwpv RpvB hV m RpsjhiS ru'G idhaVjqj FjHg V.s 

vjv ug dry dHw oJ dvdtbj h{ ^ ##!!!ba[ u[ LijZ bjrV aJ A,ag 

f+wji sj f+ljs wi{ m wi w[ dabji f+ljds ba[ ?jvl[ } l,s w[ bV.s 

fC[%@ fC% w[ bV.s bisjl wi[ m dl,tJ } f+ljds trjr[ m aJ dHl sj 

ds,aj ojH[ fC[ ba[ df,aiJ } fhp.y[ m$$ 

wWgi V[ l,y' l,y Rpyjdibj ^ 

ugra dfai V qjV{ w'RP qPH[G dlijZ wijhg mm 

dfai Fg Wfpi[ whp dwRp fjrdh wRPbj wPwi tjhg mm \f>Vj 332| 


120 


ldaepiJ s[ dHl hpwq bVplji epiWjSg lijZ wiV sg f+rjVeg 

VhgG ds>sg m lj} bjfS[ wjiu epiWjSg s[ hpwq bVplji hg wiV[ yjhgs[ 

hV m epiP ljdhW V[ W+jhqSrjs sj t>cV wgaj h{ a[ wiq~wJc sj rg m 

nwnk AgY so imlY ij Kty Gwly dyie ] \f>Vj 472| 

aoj ^ 

AwieAw gieAw muieAw nwau ] 

ipCY pqil sidhu kwv ] 

nwnk mnmuiK AMDu ipAwru ] 

bwJu gurU fubw sµswru ] \f>Vj 138| 

epiWjSg lijZ@ df>c fav@ L?lg fPuj@ ria a[ uVq qiS bjds 

wiq~wJcJ sj t>cV wisg h{ m W+jhqSJ sg WujH[ dl,tJ } f+ljs Awj 

w[ dl,t-W+jhqS f{sj wiVj rjuW VhgG m dHl[ idhaVjq[ dry b,e[ 

dvdtbj h{ ^ ##dHlaig s[ ujq[ a[ drljhp V wiVj m b>adi sj vjhj 

dHlaig wRp VhgG s[rVj m$$ 

fi dHVwvjWg epiP VjVw fjaLjh V[ dHlaig sg RpKy-hlag } 

lrgwji widsbJ Wpv.s bjrj; dry bjdtbj ^ 

so ikau mMdw AwKIAY ijqu jµmih rwjwn ] \f>Vj 473| 

dHlaig } qis sj biZ.eg wdh w[ lVqjdVbj h{ ^ 

suµniq kIey qurku jy hoiegw Aaurq kw ikAw krIAY ] 

ArD srIrI nwir n CofY qw qy ihMdU hI rhIAY ] \f>Vj 477| 

e+dhlog ugrV sg e,cg qis a[ dHlaig s[ ldhI'e Vjv hg 

lqapv h{ m dHlaig } lqjduw a[ Zjidqw f,t a'G WijWiaj W?Lg m 

idhaVjqj FjHg f+dhvjs dl>z s[ LpiP dry dvdtbj dqvsj h{ ^ 

##hpwq h'Ij f+dhvjs dl>z@ dWf ujda h.lijdH mm$$ us dw uja 

riV sj epiP bjL[ bVplji ;'isji t>cV h{ ^ 

jO qUµ bRwhmxu bRhmxI jwieAw ] 

qau Awn bwt kwhy nhI AwieAw ]2] 

qum kq bRwhmx hm kq sUd ] 

hm kq lohU qum kq dUD ] \f>Vj 324| 

dHl[ ai%J idhaVjqj FjHg sdHbj dl>z s[ LpiP dry dvdtbj h{ ^ 

l+g slrgG fjaLjhg bV.sfpi q[G W{n[ o[ sIj dl>z ug f+LV wgbj m 

lp qhjiju ug@ idhaVjqj whgH[@ dul w[ lpVS[ l[ qpwag h'dH m 

RpKai ^ us s[rg f+eB FHg b"i f>y fIji[ ljrZjV hPH[ aW[ lF 

s[raj bjH[ m w[l y.cg ug sgH[@ WjhVg w,A hVP ug sHg m 


Fiq Fpv[t[ 

qpwag lpSV Vjv VhgG h.psg m epiWjSg f+qjS ^ 

siqgur no sBu ko vyKdw jyqw jgqu sµswru ] 

ifTY mukiq n hoveI ijcru sbid n kry vIcwru ] 

121 

\f>Vj 594| 

ldaepiJ V[ lpida LWs s[ debjV } qh,aaj ds,ag h{ m dHl[ dry 

fif,w idhS vHg epiWjSg epi~LWs ijhgG f+[iVj W?Lg m w[l s[rg a[ 

w,A hVPqjV ug rv'G s[Sg WCg hjl'hgSg duhg drMa h{ m us'G dw dHl 

dry dwl[ ugr } L,w VhgG dw w[l ligi sj ;iPig b>e hV m u.qs[ 

W,y[ s[ dli $a[ w[l hp.s[ hV m wi'CJ hg i'q ligi } ljrZjV i,ts[ hV m 

epiP fjaLjh V[ ##epiqpt i'dq i'dq hdi dZbjr{$$ \f>Vj 941| sj ds+LBJa 

ds,aj h{@ aJ u' i'qJ ijhk x'wg fRpS sg WujH[ Vjq b>Ddq+a aV dry 

dl>Ddybj ujr[ m u[wi dHh idhaVjq[ epiP sj hpwq hp.s[ aJ dHhVJ dry 

epiWjSg sg ai%J w'Hg rg RpwjHg a[ aisgs Vj hp.sg m epiP ljdhW dl,tJ 

rv'G ujig wijRpS sg WujH[ bjf ujig wi lws[ lV m dHhVJ 

idhaVjdqbJ dry epiqda dri'Zg ZjijrJ sg Fiqji h{ m epiP W?dLL 

wwjiJ sg dt,vg RpcjRpS rjvg e,v h{ m s[rg sg fPuj a[ h}qjV sg 

L?lg fPuj wiV vHg f+[iVj ds,ag h{ m us dw epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ ^ 

##H[w dWVj qV V{w V bjV{$$ sj Rpfs[L ds,aj m 

Twkuru Coif dwsI kau ismrih mnmuK AMD AigAwnw ] \f>Vj 1138| 

Brmy suir nr dyvI dyvw ] (pMnw Þáä) 

prmysru pwrbRhm byAMqu ]... 

dyvIAw nhI jwnY mrm ] (pMnw äåà) 

mhw mweI kI pUjw krY ] nr sY nwir hoie AauqrY ] 

qU khIAq hI Awid BvwnI ] mukiq kI brIAw khw CpwnI ] 

\f>Vj 874| 

w[lJ } #wwji$ dvtSj rg dHw Qvag h{ m w[l ligi sj ;iPig 

b>e h'S wiw[ dHhVJ sg l.Fjv vHg slaji \w[lwg| wwji h' lwsj 

h{ m w[l wav wijRpS Vjv dl,t fdaa h' uJsj h{ m fdaa dl,t vHg 

spWjij b>Ddq+a AwSj a[ epiP iPf f>u dfbjdibJ rv'G v,eg aV?jh \l;j| 

sg lhg fpLBg wiV a'G Wjbs hg dl>z W?dLbj uJsj h{ m fi WjhivgbJ 

f>u wwjig idhaJ dr,Dy'G h'Hg Fp,v bisjl wi w[ qpbj`g dqv lwsg 

h{ m dT,vC a[ yapi fpiLJ V[ w[lwg sg WujH[ w[l hg wwji WSj w[ wwji 

hg w,B ds,aj m #f+[q lpqjie e+.o$ s[ wiaj V[ #l+g slq e+.o$ rJe #f+[q 

lpqjie e+.o$ Vjv fjaLjhg slrgG dvt w[ dHh e+.o rg slrgG fjaLjhg 


122 


rv'G Rpyjdibj f+eB wi ds,aj m qhjV drsrjV FjHg l.a't dl>z ug@ 

debjVg debjV dl>z@ ba[ FjHg iaV dl>z F.eP 19rgG lsg s[ drsrjVJ 

V[ dHhVJ idha qiIjsj s[ tidCbJ a'G hg f+[iSj v{ w[ dl,t dHdahjl 

a[ idha qiIjsj } f+f,w wi ds,aj dul Vjv Fpv[t[ hg rZS[ hV@ t'u 

s[ qphaju hV m 

b,u~w,v% y,vsj rhgi 6rJ a?a s[ l.yjvw WjWj l.aj dl>z V[ 

l+g h;Pi ljdhW sg qiIjsj epiP hpwqJ $a[ yvjRpS vHg dHw hpwqVjqj 

ujig wgaj m 12@ 13@ 16@ 17 ZjijrJ ?jl V'B wiV rjvgbJ hV ^ 

12! Lhgsg s[e sj F'e bag ;iPig h{ m dHh qiIjsj qgig fgig s[ 

qjvw ljdhW l+g epiP hdie'dW>s fjaLjh sg yvjHg h'Hg h{ m fi 

lisjHg F'e VhgG m Lhgsg s[e h'Sg yjhgsg h{@ dul dry lp,t 

dVZjV \F.e| bda ;iPig h{ m 

13! Vjigbv a[ wp.F bt>c fjn lq[G epiqda bVplji lhg hV m 

16! LlaiJ } y.sV sj dB,wj@ bai xpv[v-F[Bj lhg h{ m 

17! LlaiJ } ypB.e[ s[ ?PV sj davw lhg h{ m ypB.ej w[rv I'e 

blojV $a[ hg NBwjdHbj ujSj yjhgsj h{ m l[rjsji agi b>si'G 

v{ w[ bjr[ a[ LlaiJ } ?PV sj davw vjr[ m 

cj! uga dl>z lgav V[ dl>z lFj f,Dda=wj@ upvjHg 1980 s[ v[t 

dry dHhVJ dVh.eJ Wji[ dvdtbj h{ ^ 

idha qiIjsj sg iPh a[ du>s ujV } epiP sgbJ vjcvgbJ 

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aw Rpl[ ai%J wjiW.s hV m 

dVh.e WjWj l.aj dl>z V[ dHh dl,t qiIjsj dli` bjfSg ugF 

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epiP e+.o dry f+qjS ^ 

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qIrQ brq nym kIey qy sBY rswqil jWih ] \f>Vj 1377| 

dHhVJ sg idha qiIjsj sj t>cV wisj h{ m dxi yvjwg Vjv 

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v'wJ } rievj ih[ hV m sptg uVaj } xPw qji w[ fjSg sj b>Ddq+a 

r[y ih[ hV m v.ei s[ WhjV[ f"Gc NjCV sj f+yji wi ih[ hV m lp,t a[ 

y{V sg ?jai spVgbJ b>V[%rjh f{l[ s[ ihg h{@ dul Vjv dHhVJ s.FgbJ 

sgbJ r,cgbJ r,cgbJ bjvgLjV dWvdc>eJ $a[ s' s' N.c[ vdhij ih[ hV m 

bjfSg f+daFj s[ Fp,Dt[@ NPn[ f+f>y s[ ;'i sptg v'wJ } V,w ieCV sg 

dldtbj ds>s[ hV m l.aJ sg ?jvg wpilg@ epiP e+.o ljdhW s[ WijWi v,eg 

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epiP VjVw s[r ug V[ ##dlZ e'ldB$$ dVi'v I'e qa a[ dl,t Ziq 

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f+[iVj dha iyg m b,u I'e qa s[ dl,tg dry f+r[L } qjSaj dqv ihg 

h{ m I'e qa a[ dl,t Ziq dry WpdVbjsg bu'C h{ m aoj ^ 

invlI krm BuAMgm BwTI ryck pUrk kuµB krY ] 

ibnu siqgur ikCu soJI nwhI Brmy BUlw bUif mrY ] 

AMDw BirAw Bir Bir DovY AMqr kI mlu kdy n lhY ] 

nwm ibnw Pokt siB krmw ijau bwjIgru Brim BulY ] 

\f>Vj 1343| 

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dlhaq>s i,t lws[ hV@ fi apI.eq VjCg \w.pcvVg| s[ ila[ f+FP sj 

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124 


krm Drm pwKMf jo dIsih iqn jmu jwgwqI lUtY ] 

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aoj ^ 

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pwrbRhm ibnu jwnu n dUjw ] \f>Vj 199| 


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q}rjs a[ sdva 

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$a[ bdabjyji drip,Z qp;jhij dHLdahji Af[ lV m dHhVJ dHLdahjiJ 

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qVp,taj a[ i,W } dfbji wiV rjvj dHVljV dHhVJ sisVjw ?WiJ 

} fC% w[ dHw rji aJ ;iPi N.u'dCbj debj h'r[ej m vP.~w.c[ tC[ wiV 

rjvgbJ zBVjrJ Fjia dry bjq rjfi ihgbJ hV@ f+>aP h{ijV wiV 

rjvg e,v h{ dw Fjia liwji s[ w.VJ $a[ uP. rg VhgG liw ihg m vjhVa 

h{ dHl Fjiag lqju s[@ dul dry uja~fja@ dF,B bjds WpijHgbJ sj 

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wiVg qVp,taj s[ q,Do[ $a[ dHw r,cj wv.w h{ m ##qjVl wg uja lF{ H[w{ 

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dabji VhgG m 

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lV@ a[ bwjv fpit } rg ajhVj qji ds,aj ^ ##H[ag qji fHg wivjS[ 

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sj ;pvq hp.sj s[t w[ aC` RpngbJ h'SegbJ m sjl rg bjfS[ sdva 

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lsj wjdHq idhS rjvg a[ uVq a'G f{sj h'Hg qVp,tg VjWijWig 

W+jhqSg qa uJ q}rjs sj b{vjVgbj a,a h{ m dHh dHl s[ lqjuw 

f+W.Z sg VgGh h{ m dHh l.lji fiqjaqj dHw drLr-drbjfg dfaj s[ 

lqjV VhgG h{ le'G VjWijWig riSJ sj iyVhjij h{ m LjdHs dHh 

bdawoVg Vj h'r[ u[ bjtJ@ lji[ dh>sP Ziq e+.oJ sj a,a rg dHh' hg 

h{ m 

riS r.c uJ Vj-WijWig lqju sj bi.F \ijtrJwiV dwM (| 

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126 


dHh f+rjdSa l,yjHg h{ dw Fjia s[ qPv WdL>s[ w[rv sijrC 

hg lV m bjigbj s[ sj?v[ V[ sijrCJ dry r.cgbJ fj 

ds,agbJ m bVplPdya ujagbJ@ bVplPdya wWgv[ a[ fACgbJ 

L+[SgbJ lF sijrCg hg lV m 

b,e[ l`j 6 $a[ dvtsj h{ ^ 

us bjigbj v'w dh>splajV dry bjH[ aJ Rph da>V ujaJ dry 

r.c[ h'H[ lV_\1| wWgdvbJ s[ lisji ba[ RphVJ s[ I'Z[ taig 

RpKaq deS[ eH[ lV ba[ wWgdvbJ s[ hjwq m \2| dHhVJ a'G 

df,DA'G W+jhqS sj siuj bjMsj h{@ ba[ RphVJ sj w.q Zjidqw 

fPuj@ bjiag Wji[ dZbjV i,tSj lg m \3| r{L@ dHhVJ sj w.q 

fLP yjiSj lg m dHh yirjh[ deS[ uJs[ lV m dHhVJ dr,Dy'G wpN 

rfji rg wis[ lV m dHhVJ dry LPsi VhgG lV u' Wjbs $y 

h'Gs dry bjH[ m 

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l`j 62 $a[ dvts[ hV ^ 

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lq,DdlbjrJ tCgbJ h'HgbJ@ duhVJ } bjigbj V[ du,Ddabj@ 

Fjr sijrC w"q sg dHw v.qg ldFbaj rjvg df,n~FPqg lg m 

f+>aP dHl dry w'Hg L,w VhgG dw bjigbJ V[ bjfS[ bjf } RphVJ 

a'G \sijrCJ| W[h,s RpKyj lqdNbj a[ dHl drLjv tjHg V[ s'hJ 

} bv,e ov,e wi ds,aj m 

dHh dHw dHdahjlw l,yjHg h{ dw u[aP hqvjriJ V[ lsj hg bjfS[ 

bjf } a[ bjfSg l,DdFbaj } RpKaq lqdNbj a[ du,a[ h'H[ qpvw s[ 

WdL>DdsbJ $a[ bjfSg W'vg ba[ ldFbaj n'lS sj fPij IaV wgaj m 

bjlBi[vgbj dry hqvjri e'ig Vlv s[ v'wJ V[ Rpo'G s[ blvg 

WdL>DdsbJ } dwl[ h,s aw qji qpwjdHbj a[ WjwgbJ } bVplPdya a[ 

zBgbj lqN w[ spiwjdibj m dHh drrhji dHl lq[G rg yjvP h{ m s,tSg 

bìgwj dry wjv[ v'wJ sg bjWjsg 90 f+agLa h{ fi qpvw $a[ wjW; 

qp,ng Fi e'dibJ s[ Qpvjq hV m dwl[ lq[G Fjiag v'wJ } rg dW+dBL 

liwji V[ zBgbJ Vlv dq,o w[ i,u w[ Vìa wgag lg m dHl[ ai%J 

bqigwj a[ w{V[cj s[ blvg WdL>s[ i{Kc dH>cgbV dF,B sj dLwji hV m 

Rpfi dvt[ a[ h'i dHdahjlw hrjdvbJ a'G dl,Z hp.sj h{ dw bjigbJ 

V[ Fjia $a[ wW;j wi w[ Rpo'G s[ blvg rlVgwJ } Qpvjqg sgbJ ;.ugiJ 

dry uwC w[ i,t ds,aj ba[ dHl uwC a[ fwC } lsgrg i,tS vHg 


q}rjs a[ sdva 

127 

riS~r.c sj T"Ge iyjdHbj debj m f+rjdVawj sg q'hi dh>sP Ziq e+.oJ 

ijhgG vpbjHg eHg m dHh e+.o hV_r[s@ Ljlai@ dl>q+agbJ@ lipagbJ@ 

apvlg ijqjdHS@ q} dl>q+ag@ egaj@ qhJFjia ba[ fpijS bjds m 

cjwBi b>W[swi Rpfi dvtgbJ fplawJ } Zjidqw VhgG q>Vsj duhVJ 

ijhgG uja fja a[ VjWijWig rjv[ lqju } f,DdwbJ wgaj debj m fdC%bJ 

a[ dryji wgdabJ cj! b>W[swi sg dryji ngw ujfsg h{ m bu'wj 

Fjiag lqju dHhVJ Zjidqw fplawJ $a[ hg Rpljdibj debj ujfsj 

h{ m dHh dllBq lsgbJ a'G y,Ddvbj bj dihj h{ m 

dHl VjWijWig rjv[ lqju } ?aq wiV vHg wHg qhJfpiLJ V[ 

IaV wga[@ f+>aP sp,t Vjv dvt dihj hJ dw fPiS a"i $a[ Rph dHl e.s[ 

lqju sgbJ uC%J Vj w,B lw[ m dHhVJ dr,Dy'G Wp,Z Ziq a[ dl,t Ziq s[ 

IaV LvjzjI'e hV m Wp,Z a[ dHl s[ f{i'wjiJ V[ riS~r.c s[ d?vj` 

awCg us'udhs wgag@ fi yjvjw W+jhqS V[ fdhvJ Wp,Z } FerjV 

sj siuj ds,aj@ dxi Wp,Z sg qPiag WSj w[ fPuj wiVg LpiP wgag m dxi 

Wp,Z Ziq } bjfSj hg dh,lj WSj dvbj m Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v h{ dw 

Wp,Z Ziq i,W sg Lwag } VhgG q>Vsj m 

epiP VjVw a[ dHhVJ s[ RpKaij-bdZwjig fjaLjhJ V[ rg uhjs 

wgaj m wj`g h,s aw lxvaj rg dqvg m epiP e+.o ljdhW dry RPy@ Vgy@ 

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bjf rg epiP ljdhWJ V[ bwjvg WjSg dry uja~fja sj t>cV wgaj m 

q>VSj hg fr[ej dw dl,t Ziq rg q}rjs } Vj ?aq wi ldwbj@ 

dwMdw dl,t Ziq } q>VS rjv[ fpijS[ tp>c W+jhqSrjs sgbJ fjHgbJ 

vghJ } A,cS } dabji VhgG m q[i[ d?bjv dry dl,t Ziq sg h' ihg 

spisLj sj dHh rg dHw r,cj wjiV h{ m bisjl h{ rjdhepiP ug ) dl,t 

w"q } bjfS[ fpidtbJ s[ fjH[ fPidVbJ $a[ y,vS sg lqi,oj W?L[ m 

Fjia 1947 dry bj;js h'dHbj m Rpqgs lg lji[ Fjiag rlVgwJ 

} bjfS[ bwgs[ qpajdWw WijWig rjv[ lqju dry rZS xp,vS s[ lji[ 

q"w[ dqvSe[ m Ziq dVif,taj s[ bjZji $a[ l.drZjV zdCbj debj m 

drZjV zjCa wq[Bg sj qptg cjwBi b>W[swi lg duhCj dw riS~r.c 

sj w,BC dri'Zg lg m ljdibJ }@ ?jl wiw[ sdvaJ } Fi'lj lg dw RphVJ 

Vjv dHVlj` h'r[ej m 26 uVrig@ 1950 } dHh l.drZjV vjeP wgaj 

debj m sp,t sg e,v h{ dw Ziq dVif,taj rjvg e,v wjQ;g l.drZjV 

sj hg dHw dh,lj WS w[ idh eHg m Whp~deSag rjv[ lqju V[ bjfSg 

dl,Ddtbj li'a } q} dl>q+ag bjds e+.oJ } hg WSjHg i,Ddtbj m q} ug 

} FerjV lqN w[ fPdubj ujS v,ej m ijulojV hjHgw'iB sg dWvdc>e 


128 


s[ ljhqS[ q} ug sj Wp,a vjdHbj debj m wpq[i df>c d;v%j Fiafpi 

ijulojV dry hg h{ duo[ sdvaJ s[ ?PV sg ujBJ V[ iv w[ h'vg t[vg@ 

Wvjawji h'H[@ b,eJ vjHgbJ eHgbJ a[ hvjwP y.e[; ?jV rv'G wgag 

aWjhg sg Ijs aj;j h' eHg m dHl zBVj sg eP.u dHl lq[G s[lJ f+s[lJ 

dry f{ ihg h{ m dHh spizBVj fdhvg VhgG@ dHl a'G fdhvJ rg dHl[ 

ai%J rjfi yp,Ddwbj h{@ f+>aP Fjia liwji aqjLj s[t ihg h{ m w'Hg 

de+àjig VhgG@ Vj hg dwl[ } l;j dqvg m wjiV lj` h{@ wjav RpKyg 

uja rjv[ hp.s[ hV a[ RphVJ } de+àji wiV rjvg fpdvl rg RpKyg 

uja rjvg hp.sg h{ m dHl vHg dHVlj` dH,v s[ bjv%S[ dr,Dy'G qjl v,FS 

rjvg e,v hp.sg h{ m 

Fjia dry sdvaJ sg bjWjsg awigWV 20 wi'C s[ veFe h{@ 

duhCg dw ljig bjWjsg sj 25 f+agLa dh,lj WSsj h{ m H[Vg r,cg 

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h{ m b>wC[ h{ijVwp.V f+eBjrj wis[ hV m dcfBg l{wBig a'G v{ w[ Rpfi 

aw sgbJ 500 fsrgbJ dr,Dy'G 310 dHw,v[ W+jhqSJ w'v hV m s[l s[ 

26 lPdWbJ s[ lw,aiJ dry'G 19 lw,ai W+jhqS hV m eriVi a[ 

v{`BgV{GB eriViJ dr,Dy'G 13 W+jhqS hV m lpfigq w'iB s[ 16 u,uJ 

dry'G 9 W+jhqS hV m hjHg w'iB s[ 330 u,uJ dr,Dy'G 166 W+jhqS hV m 

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q{dulBi[BJ dr,Dy'G 258 W+jhqS hV ba[ iju lFj dry 89 W+jhqS hV m 

q} sj sjbrj h{ dw W+hqj V[ wj}V f+Sjvg bjf dabji wgag h{ ba[ 

q} } dltjHg h{ m q} V[ dHh dF+eP } lqNjHg ba[ dF+eP V[ dxi diLgbJ 

} dltjHg m dHl[ ai%J q} dl>q+ag s[ bjZji $a[ wj}V lji[ Fjiag lqju 

$a[ vjeP h' debj m q} dl>q+ag a[ dh>sP Ziq e+.o hg hV duhVJ V[ dHw 

r,ti[ LPsi lqju } uVq ds,aj m dHhVJ Ziq e+.oJ Wji[ l.t[f iPf dry 

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dh>sP Ziq e+.oJ a[ q} V[ W+jhqS } lF a'G l+[LB dvdtbj h{ m q} 

dl>q+ag ^ 

1! 99/100 W+jhqS uVq v{GdsbJ hg df+org s[ lji[ ugrJ a'G l+[LB 

h{ m Rph lji[ f+jSgbJ sj HgLri h{ ba[ Ziq s[ ?;jV[ sj i,Ddtbw 

h{ m dHl l.lji dry u' rg l.f,ag h{@ Rph lF W+jhqS sg dV,ug h{ m 

2! 3/18 u[ W+jhqS dV>sSI'e w.qJ dry v,e ujr[ aJ rg Rph 

fPuSI'e h{ m 


q}rjs a[ sdva 

129 

3! 11/13 us'G dwl[ wL,aig bjds a'G ZV Vj dqv[ aJ W+jhqS W[idhqg 

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4! 3/209 lijZJ dry W+jhqS } bjlS $a[ dWnj w[ Rpl sg fPuj 

wi[ m 

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fPuSI'e h{ m 

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WSj w[ hg f{sj wgaj h{ m 

7! 8/313 bei dHh Vgy rie bjfS[ w.q ijhk l[rj Fjr Qpvjqg 

VhgG wiVe[ aJ lji[ uea } sptg WSj s[Se[ m 

8! 11/3 us'G Ie s[ s' uJ da>V dh,Dl[ bfPiV idh ujS aJ LPsiJ 

s[ ziJ } vp,B w[ Ie fPij wgaj ujr[ m 

9! 10/125 LPsiJ s[ tjS } sdruj \RpKy ujag| sg uPn@ fdhVS 

vHg fpijS[ w,fC[ ba[ u[ RphVJ } b>V s[Sj h'r[ aJ dWvwpv 

zBgbj b>V ds,aj ujr[ m wp,DdabJ@ fdaa \LPsi| Vgy@ fjfg@ i'eg@ 

wjrJ a[ wgdCbJ } u[ yg; s[Sg h'r[ aJ sPi'G lp,B ds,ag ujr[ m 

10! 10/15 y.cjv@ F.eg@ ydqbji@ bjds ujagbJ df>cJ a'G Wjhi 

r,lS m dHV%J sg ria'G zBgbj h'r[ m dHhVJ sg l.f,ag wp,a[@ eZ[ 

a[ lPi bjds h'Se[ m 

11! 10/52 dHh LPsi qpidsbJ s[ w,fC[ vjh w[ fdhVS m Bp,DB[ WiaVJ 

dry i'Bg tjS@ v'h[ s[ edhS[ fdhVS ba[ dHZi RpZi df>cJ dry 

zp>qs[ idhS m 

12! 10/54 dHhVJ sg i';g sdruj \lriVJ| s[ bZgV h{ m dHhVJ } 

Bp,DB[ WiaVJ dry b>V s[Sj yjhgsj h{ m dHh v'w l.dZbj uJ ija 

lq[G df>c uJ Ldhi a'G Wjhi idhS m 

13! 12/31 LPsi sg h,Ddabj wp,a[ WijWi h{ m LPsi fdaa h{ m Rpl } 

A,c w[ da>V riSJ } uV[RP fjRpS@ r[s fjn ba[ I,e wiV sj 

bdZwji h{ m 

14! feLi l.dhaj-wfvj eRP sj sp,Z fgS Vjv ba[ r[s sj b,ti 

RpyjiS Vjv LPsi Viw } uJsj h{ m 


130 


15! 10/96 u[ LPsi RpKyg uja rjv[ w.q wi w[ ZV wqj vr[ aJ iju[ 

} yjhgsj h{ dw Rpl a'G ZV t'h w[ s[L dVwjvj s[ s[r[ m 

16! baig l.dhaj \19| u[ LPsi I,e wisj h{ uJ hrV bjds Zjidqw 

w.q wisj h{ aJ ijuj Rpl } wn'i l;j s[r[ m 

17! drL} 5/11 u' LPsi I,e wisj h{ uJ hrV bjds Zjidqw w.q 

wisj h{ aJ ijuj Rpl } wn'i l;j s[r[ m 

18! drL} 5/11 u' LPsi bjfSg ujV@ ZV a[ dHlaig } W+jhqS 

sg l[rj dry bifS wi s[r[@ Rpl LPsi sj b>V@ F'uV-I'e hp.sj 

h{ m 

19! e"aq diLg bdZbjdH 12_qhJdiLg rdLLB dl>q+ag bdZbjdH 18~ 

bei LPsi dwl[ sdru \lriV| s[ d?vj` W'v[@ Rpl $a[ hqv[ wi[ 

aJ iju[ } yjhgsj h{ dw LPsi sj Rphg b>e wBrj s[r[ dul Vjv 

Rpl V[ hqvj wgaj h{ m 

20! e"aq Ziq lPai 12-13-18 bei LPsi } da>V riS ejv%J 

w,TS aJ RphVJ } dHl Wsv[ w'Hg liwjig upiqjVj VhgG wgaj 

uj lwsj m bei W+jhqS@ taig ba[ r{L dHw sPu[ } ejv%J w,TS 

aJ upiqjVj wgaj uj lwsj h{ m 20-4-5 bei LPsi r[sJ } ujS 

Wp,N w[ fC[% uJ lpS[ aJ Rpl s[ w.VJ dry dfzdvbj h'dHbj LgLj 

\dl,wj| uJ v'hj fj dsY m bei Rph r[sJ sj RpyjiS wi[ ba[ 

r[s } Ijs wi vr[ aJ Rpl s[ BpwC[ wi dsY m 

21! qhJFjia \LJag-fir q>ai 1-2| d*LV s[ qP>h dr,Dy'G 100 l+[LB 

W+jhqSJ }@ s'hJ WjhJ dr,Dy'G 100 t,aigbJ }@ s'hJ v,aJ dr,Dy'G 

100 r{LJ } ba[ s'hJ f{iJ dr,Dy'G 100 LPsiJ } f{sj wgaj m 

22! egaj \b-18 lv'w 44| l[rj wiVj LPsiJ sj lpFjdrw wiq h{ m 

\b-19 lv'w 32| b"iaJ@ r{L@ LPsi a[ y.cjv lF fjf sg uPVg 

dry f{sj hp.s[ hV m 

l+g L.wijyjigbj Rpfi dvt[ d?bjvJ sg fpLBg wisj \uVaq 

f{Qjq| f[fi la.Wi 1988 s[ l`j 31 $a[ dvtsj h{ ^ 

1! riS drrloj b,u rg q>VSI'e h{ m ljc[ dHo[ uja~fja fdhvJ 

a'G h{ m fiqjaqj V[ bjfS[ ligi a'G W+jhqS@ wL,aig@ r{L ba[ 

LPsi f{sj wga[ ba[ RphVJ } bjfSj bjfSj w.q s,l ds,aj 

debj m 

2! u[ b,u uja~fja } Vj q>DdVbj debj aJ bVio h' ujr[ej m 

3! l.lji dry LJag aJ hg h' lwsg h{ u[ riS drrloj sj fjvS 

wgaj ujr[ m 


q}rjs a[ sdva 

131 

4! b>aiujag drrjh Whpa Wpij h{ m wg e,v h{ t'a[ ba[ z'Cg a'G t,yi 

f{sj hp.sg h{ m wp,aj@ wp,ag a'G W,y[ f{sj wisj h{ m dHl ai%J qVp,t 

sj b>aiujag drbjh VhgG wiVj yjhgsj@ le'G bjfSg ujag dry 

hg l.W.Z WVjRpS[ yjhgs[ hV m Fjr L.wijyjigbj dHh svgv ds>sj 

h{ dw qVp,t rg fLP h{ m f+>aP ljcg svgv h{ dw z'Cg ba[ t'a[ sg 

oJ spVgbJ sj w'Hg W.sj a[ RpKy ujag sg w'Hg b"ia Ljsg wi 

v{S aJ RphVJ a'G Vj w'Hg t,yi f{sj h'r[eg Vj waPij@ Wl dHVljV 

sj W,yj hg u.q[ej m dur[G fjilg dì'; eJZg a[ dH>sij W+jhqSg 

s[ s' dHVljVg W,y[ f{sj h'H[ m 

5! s[L dry dHw hg higuV b{lj VhgG duhCj W+jhqS s[ WijWi h'r[ m 

Fjiag lqju dr,Dy'G riS~r>c ?aq wiVg dHw Whpa r,cg 

lq,Ddlbj h{ Fjr[G bl.Fr VhgG@ dwMdw Zjidqw@ lqjduw@ bjidow a[ 

ijuVgdaw ajwaJ RpKy ujag s[ v'wJ s[ h,oJ dry hV m bt"ag l{wPvi 

liwji s[ wiaj Ziaj rg dHh' RpKy ujag s[ v'w hg hV m dHl vHg 

sdva FijrJ } q[ij qLrij h{ dw aplgG dHw,v[ dHl APa Aja sgbJ 

;.ugiJ } VhgG w,B lw'e[ m epiqda dl,t d`vjl`g $a[ y,DdvbJ a[ w"q 

sj ldhI'e v{GdsbJ dHl ev[ lC[ lqju s[ d?vj` uhjs drdTbj ujS 

$a[ hg wjqIjWg h' lwsg h{ m l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW dry dHl f+ojdH l[ZJ 

q"uPs hV@ dli` lqN w[ a[ ds+C%aj Vjv f,v[ W.V%S sg v'C h{ m q{G q>Vsj 

hJ dw dl,t vgciJ V[ wHg Fp,vJ wgagbJ hV f+>aP epiqda dl,ZJa aJ 

bB,v hV a[ e,u r,u w[ riS~r>c sj t>cV wis[ hV m dHl vHg bjY 

dHw qp,n h' w[ ##w'RP dwlg w' iju V s[hp h{G mm u' v[dh h{G dVu Wv l[ 

v[hp h{G mm$$ 

bjY epiP bjli[ dHhVJ WyVJ s[ bjZji $a[ bjfJ b,e[ rZgH[ m 

epiP ;iPi lhjHg h'r[ej m 


\s[l f+s[l@ 20!1!1992|

dl,t Ziq dry b"ia 

dl+LBg s[ bi.F wjv a'G hg r,t~r,t ZiqJ s[ l.yjvwJ V[ qis 

a[ b"ia vHg Zjidqw@ lqjduw@ bjidow a[ ijuVgaw dVIq Vgba 

wi i,Dt[ hV m Ziq-e+.o dHV%J dVIqJ s[ dli` i,Ddtbw hg VhgG Wvdw 

dHV%J } vjeP wiV dry rg qh,arfPiV i'v bsj wis[ hV m dHhVJ 

dVIqJ sg Rpv.zSj duo[ qisJ vHg wdnV h{@ Rpo[ Zjidqw w,BCaj 

wjiV b"iaJ vHg bl.Fr h{ m Fjia dry dh>sP qa@ dHlvjq@ HgljHg 

qa a[ Wp,Z qa r,c[ a[ fpijS[ qa lqN[ uJs[ hV m dHhVJ ljdibJ sj 

f+>fijrjsg dHdahjl rg lsgbJ fpijSj ydvbj bj dihj h{ m dl,t Ziq 

dHhVJ lji[ ZiqJ s[ qpwjWv[ dry Whpa VrJ h{ m dHl[ vHg dHl sj 

`vl`j a[ *Jagwjig dHdahjl ?jl qhjVaj i,tsj h{ m b"ia Wji[@ 

dlrjH[ dl,t Ziq s[@ Rpfi dvt[ ZiqJ sj ds=LBgw'S o'C[ Whpa[ ìw 

Vjv dH,Dw' duhj hg h{ m Fjr ?jl ?jl W.sLJ bZgV@ b"ia } bjfSg 

ljig Rpqi Waga wiV vHg quWPi wgaj uJsj dihj h{ m LjdHs dHh 

bdawoVg Vj h'r[ u[wi bjtgH[ dw b"ia } dHhVJ Ziq s[ n[w[sjiJ 

V[ sdvaJ Vjv'G rg r,Z Vgy iPf dry f[L wgaj m 

drsrjVJ sj woV h{ dw dwl[ lqju sg rdcbjHg VjfSg h'r[ 

aJ s[t' dw Rph b"ia } wg blojV s[Gsj h{ m lqju dry Vi'bjfV 

Vj h'S sj wjiV b"ia } ap,A lqNSj hg h{ m spVgbJ dry dHlaigbJ 

sg deSag veFe 50² h{@ f+>aP RpV%J s[ qVp,tg bdZwji qis s[ qpwjWv[ 

Vj h'dHbJ rie[ hg hV m Fjia dry dh>sP Ziq lF a'G fpijSj a[ 

LwagLjvg Ziq dihj h{ a[ hpS rg h{@ ?jl wiw[ Fjia sg bj;jsg 

a'G Wjbs aJ dHh Ziq upbjVg sj bV.s qjS dihj h{ m dh>sP Ziq e+.oJ 

s[ bjZji $a[ hg Fjiag lqju sg dliuSj h'Hg h{ m sPli[ ZiqJ } q>VS 

rjdvbJ Rpa[ dh>sP Ziq sgbJ ihp~igagbJ sj f+Fjr dfbj lj` V;i 

bjMsj h{ m dVil.s[h dl,t Ziq dHw bj;js `vl`j i,tsj h'dHbj rg@ 

dh>sP qa s[ qjiP hqv[ a'G VhgG Wy ldwbj m dl,tJ sg bdebjVaj wjiV 

a[ dl,t vgciJ sg ?psQi;g wjiV@ dl,t Ziq dh>sP qa sj sp.q~A,vj 


133 

hg WSsj ydvbj bj dihj h{ m b"ia sj dl,t Ziq dry wg lojV h{@ 

dHl Wji[ dryji wiV a'G fdhvj lj} Rpfi dvt[ ZiqJ Wji[ dvtgbJ 

fplawJ a[ drsrjVJ s[ d?bjvja } l.t[f iPf dry rjySj yjhgsj 

h{ m 

dh>sP Ziq 


q>} ug } dh>sP Ziq sj bjds drbjdtbjwji q>DdVbj uJsj h{ m 

b,u rg dh>sP lqju dry q>} dryjiZjij hg f+rjV h{ ba[ d;>seg s[ 

lji[ wjiu Rpl sgbJ fjHgbJ vghJ $a[ y,v w[ hg fPi[ wga[ uJs[ hV m 

dh>sP Ziq dry b"ia s[ lqjduw siu[ Wji[ e+.oJ dry dHl ai%J dvdtbj 

h{ ^ 

1! q>} dl>q+ag \bdZbjdH 5 lv'w 155| ^ u[ fag lpierjl h' ujr[ 

aJ dHlaig } yjhgsj h{ dw w.s-qPv bjds tjr[@ aV lpwj vr[@ fi 

sPu[ fag sj Vjq aw Vj vr[ m duhCg b"ia sPuj fag wisg h{@ Rph 

dHl v'w dry dV>Ddsbj tBsg h{ a[ f+v'w dry de,sC sg uPVg f{Gsg h{ m 

2!q>} dl>q+ag \9/65| drbjh drZg dry drZrj } qpC drbjh 

wijRpS sg bjdebj VhgG m 

3!apvlg ijqjdHS \lp.si wJc| ^ ##T'i@ fLP@ LPsi b"i Vjig m yji'G 

ajCV w[ bdZwjig m$$ \c.c[ s[ Iji hV| m 

4!egaj \b! 9/2| ^ b"iaJ LPsi@ r{L ba[ y.cjv lF fjf uPVg 

a'G f{sj h'H[ hV m 

5!apvlg ijqjdHS ^ dHlaig sj dhisj lji[ ai%J s[ fjfJ ba[ 

b"epSJ sg tjS hp.sj h{ m 

6!q>} dl>q+ag \5/147| ^ dHw vCwg@ dHw upbjV uJ dHw Wp,Tg 

b"ia bjfS[ zi dry bj;jsg Vjv wpN rg VhgG wi lwsgbJ@ Fjr 

u.qS a'G v{ w[ qiV aw qis s[ bZgV idhSegbJ m 

7!fsq fpijS ^ fag Fjr[G W,pTj h'r[@ wiPf h'r[@ v.eCj@ vPv%j@ 

w'hCg h'r[@ cjwP@ y'i@ wjav h'r[@ LijWg h'r[@ uPH[~Wj; a[ i.cg~Wj; 

h'r[@ Li[bjq fjf wisj dxisj h'r[@ fi faVg } dxi rg Rpl } 

fiqjaqj rJe fPuSj yjhgsj h{ m 

f+dl,Z dh>sP d`vjlì a[ Fjia s[ ljWwj ijLBifag cjwBi ijZj 

d*LVV bjfSg fplaw Ziq ba[ lqju s[ f>Vj 205 $a[ dh>sP lqju 

dry b"ia sg f+yva spisLj Wji[ dB,fSg wis[ h'H[ dvts[ hV ^ 

q>} sg dHlaig ujag Vjv W[dHVlj`g dHl e,v a'G lf,LB h' 


134 


uJsg h{ us Rph dHh wdh>sj h{ dw V[w faVg@ F{C[ fag sg 

rg RpfjlVj wisg ih[ m 

dHl[ fplaw s[ f>Vj 71 $a[ dvts[ hV ^ 

dl>q+agbJ ba[ Ziq LjlaiJ V[ dHlaigbJ } bjsqgbJ s[ 

bZgV i,tS vHg wj}V WSjH[ m RphVJ vHg dHlaig wq;'i 

WPBg h{ dul} fjvS sg d;.q[rjig qisJ sg h{ m 

dLr fpijS dry dvdtbj h{ dw dLr q>siJ dry Vjy wiV rjvgbJ 

h;jiJ hg l.ega ba[ Vjy dry fiWgV V"urjV vCwgbJ \s[rsjlgbJ| 

h'SgbJ yjhgsgbJ hV m fi dHh q>si lqjug deijrB a[ WsyvSg s[ 

b,c[ hg WS w[ idh eH[ hV m cjwBi ijZj d*LVV dHl Wji[ dvts[ hV ^ 

q>siJ } s[rsjlgbJ s[ iPf dry urjV wpCgbJ bifa wiV 

sj dirju Fjr[G dwr[G rg bi.F h'dHbj h'r[@ dHl f+oj a'G 

drFyji f+yva h'dHbj m dHh dH>Vg dV>sSI'e h{ dw dHl f+oj 

} dWvwpv ?aq wi s[Sj yjhgsj h{ m 

Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v h{ dw dHl fpijaV dh>sP igag bVplji wHg 

v'w bjfSgbJ urjV vCwgbJ } q>si dry lojfa s[rdabJ sg qPiag 

} bifS wi ds>s[ hV m f++'`{li epiVjq dl>z bjfSg fplaw Fjiag 

v'w Vgy dwr[G WS[ s[ f>Vj 163 $a[ dvts[ hV ^ 

ueV Vjo s[ f+dl,Z q>si dry bjsqg a[ b"iaJ s[ 64 l.F'e 

bjlS f,oi qPiagbJ ijhgG dstjH[ eH[ hV m ija f{S $a[ W.s 

sirjd;bJ b>si 120 vCwgbJ hp.sgbJ hV m hi i'; dHw 

vCwg Vjy wisg wisg bv` V.eg h' w[ bjfSj ligi ueVVjo 

s[ra[ } F[B wisg h{ m Rpl lq[G Rpo[ dli` W+jhqS fpujig hg 

hp.sj h{ m dHh vCwgbJ h"vg h"vg r[lrjrJ WS uJsgbJ hV m 

u' fdhvJ s[rsjlgbJ lV@ lag f+oj bZgV fag sg q"a df,DA'G 

dh>sP dHlaig } bjfS[ fag sg dytj dry lC qiV vHg quWPi wgaj 

uJsj lg m h;jiJ dHlaigbJ dHl drhji sj dLwji h'HgbJ m duo[ 

dHlaig } lag h'Sj f{Gsj lg@ Rpo[ fpiL } dHw lq[G dHw a'G r,Z drbjh 

wijRpS sj bdZwji lg m Iupi r[s s[ woV bVplji bjsqg dHw a'G 

r,Z dHlaigbJ Vjv Ljsg wi lwsj h{ fi dHlaig dHw a'G r,Z 

bjsqgbJ Vjv drbjh VhgG wi lwsg m 

cj^ cg!fg! qpwiug dh>sP dHlaig sg bZ'eag Wji[ dvtsj h{ ^ 

"A man cannot eat nor sit with his wife since she has 


135 

shudra status even if she is born of Brahman parents" 

(Position of woman in Hindu Civilization) 

Fjr dHw #dh>sP$ bjfSg faVg Vjv W{n ba[ tj fg VhgG lwsj 

Fjr[G Rph dHlaig W+jhqS sg b"vjs dwM Vj h'r[ m dh>sP lqju dry 

Rpl sg fsrg LPsi s[ ap,v hg h{ m \fplaw dh>sP lqju dry dh>sP dHlaig 

sj lojV $y'G| 

dHlvjq a[ dHlaig 

1! wpijV dry qis } b"ia Rpfi h,w uqjRpS sg fPig fPig tp,v% 

ds,ag eHg h{ m 

2! qlga dry b"ia dHqjq #Rpfs[Lw$ VhgG WS lwsg ba[ Vqj; 

r[v[ Vqj;gbJ sg berjHg VhgG wi lwsg m 

3! qplvqjV b"ia vHg Wpiwj fjRpSj vj;qg h{ m 

4! qis yji drbjh wi lwsj h{@ f+>aP dHlaig VhgG m 

5! qis b"ia } us yjh[ `ji?ag s[ lwsj h{ fi b"ia bduhj 

VhgG wi lwsg m 

6! dHlaigbJ sg hgSaj siljRpS vHg s' dHlaigbJ sg erjhg 

dHw qis s[ WijWi s,lg uJsg h{ m 

HgljHg qa 


f,Aqg dy>aw y{lBi `gvc b"ia } wpsia sg dHw q;[sji Qvag 

'Agreeable Blunder' dvt w[ spiwjisj h{ m l[GB fjv dvtsj h{ dw y.ej 

dHhg h{ dw bjsqg dHlaig } APh[ hg Vj m f+'`{li f+gaq dl>z bjfSg 

fplaw #dl,t dryjiZjij$@ f>Vj 139 $a[ dvts[ hV ^ ##HgljHg qa dry 

dHlaig sj siuj qis Vjv'G Whpa VgrJ h{ m dHlaig sg fsrg WCg 

h[nJ rjvg h{ m HgljHg qa bVplji lF epVjhJ a[ fjfJ sj l'qj dHlaig 

h{ m L{ajV dHl } ljZV WSj w[ qVp,t } c[esj h{ m Ljsg aJ wjq y[LBj 

vHg dHw dibjdHa h{ m dHlaig hi w.q dry qis $a[ B[w i,tsg h{ m 

irjdHa a[ wj}V s'hJ dry dHlaig sj siuj zBgbj h{ m$$ Ijs i,tS 

rjvg e,v h{ dw l.V 1992 dry yiy bj` dH>ev{Gc sg fjivgq{GB dry 

b"ia } fjsig s[ WijWi siuj s[S sj dW,v f[L h'S $a[ Whpa Wdhl 

h'Hg m dW,v Fjr[G o'C[ ìw Vjv fjl aJ h' debj f+>aP w,BCrjsg ZC[ 

r,v'G dHl } bf+rjV wiV $a[ yiy bj` dH>ev{Gc s'~xjC h' debj m 

bi,laP uea f+dl,Z d`vjlì b"ia } Vj~qp>wqv \Erroneous 

Development| aw dvtsj h{ ^ 


136 


Woman is an unfinished man, left standing on a lower step 

in the scale of development. The male is by nature superior and 

the female inferior. The one rules and the other is ruled. Woman 

is weak of will and therefore incapable of independence of 

character or position. (Aristotle) 

Fjr b"ia dHw bZPij bjsqg h{ u' drwjl sg f"Cg RpKa[ dHw 

c.cj h[nJ tCg h{ m wpsiag a"i $a[ bjsqg f+FjrLjvg h{ a[ b"ia Vdt,Z m 

dHw hpwq yvjMsj h{ a[ sPug hpwq q>Vsg h{ m dHl vHg Rph bjfSg 

bj;js hlag ba[ e"ir } wjdHq i,tS s[ wjWv VhgG hp.sg m \bi,laP| 

lpwija bjtsj h{ ^ 

"The courage of man and that of a woman are not the same. 

The courage of man is shown in commanding and of woman in 

obeying." Fjr qis ba[ dHlaig sj h"lvj dH,Dw' duhj VhgG hp.sj m qis 

sg ?PWg hpwq wiV a[ hpwq qVjRpS dry h{ fi dHlaig sg hpwq q>VS 

dry h{ m 

u{V qa 

l+g dse.Wi u{V ug wdh>s[ hV ^ ##b"ia ljig d;>seg Feag wi 

w[@ fagW+aj idh w[ a[ y.ej ugrV Waga wi w[ rg Rps'G aw qpwag 

f+jfa VhgG wi lwsg@ us'G aw Rph qpC w[ qVp,tj uVq dry qis sg 

uPV dry VhgG bjMsg@ Fjr b"ia vHg qpwag bl.Fr h{ m$$ 

Wp,Z qa 

By inducting women as nuns in the Buddhist order, 

Buddhism will become short-lived (Humphry's Budhism) Fjr 

qhjaqj Wp,Z wdh>s[ lV dw ##dHlaigbJ } W'Zg dFtLPbJ dry sj?v 

wiV Vjv W,pZ Ziq sg bjIP z,B ujr[eg m$$ dHh rg bjdtbj uJsj 

h{ dw qhjaqj Wp,Z V[ bjdtbj lg dw ##dHlaig dry iPh hg VhgG hp.sg m$$ 

u'e qa 

dwl[ lq[G Fjia dry u'e qa sj W'v~Wjvj lg m dHl s[ qptg e'it 

Vjo V[ dHlaig } WdzbjCV sj siuj ds,aj a[ bjdtbj dw dHlaig 

\WdzbjCV| V[ ljig spVgbJ sj Vjl wi w[ i,t ds,aj h{ m ##dHV WjzV 

a={ v'Hg tjHg m$$ aoj ##sjq wjdT WjzV v{ bjdHbj m qjRp wdha q[ij fPa 

dWhjdHbj m egvg vwCg w' zpS vjdHbj m daV cjv qPv ls tjdHbj m$$ 


dl,t qa 


137 

fdhvg rji dl,t Ziq s[ WjVg epiP VjVw V[ lsgbJ a'G spiwjig 

a[ lajHg uJsg b"ia } lqju dry Rpl sj I'e blojV dsrjRpS 

vHg Wpv.s bjrj; dry bjdtbj@ ##l' dwRp q>sj bjtgb{ duap u.qdh 

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138 


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wgaj ba[ b>Ddq+a~fjV wirj w[ Rpl sj Vjq Fje w"i i,Ddtbj m 

dHl dfia } dl,t w"q V[ wjdHq i,Ddtbj h{ m wpN wp dHdahjlw 

hrjv[ fjnwJ sg ujSwjig vHg hj;i hV ^ 

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hp.sg lg m 

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iju wgaj duhCj wV%Hgbj dqlv s[ wW;[ dry lg m Rpl V[ vCjHg 

dry bjfSgbJ `"uJ sg berjHg wgag m 

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dlbjlg a[ `"ug lPNWPN hg lg m 

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WSjdHbj debj lg m 

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debj lg m 

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uhgbJ dqljvJ bjq dqvsgbJ hV duo[ RpV%J \dl,t dHlaigbJ| 

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wgaj ba[ u.eJ Ip,ZJ dry Whpa LvjzjI'e h"lv[ sj lWPa 

ds>sgbJ ihgbJ m$$ 

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blojV h'S s[ WjruPs rg Rph b,u f,ACgbJ h'HgbJ hV m LjdHs 

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a[ vgciJ f+ag W[Vag h{ dw dl,t b"iaJ sj lqjVaj rjvj dHdahjlw 

blojV qpC Whjv wgaj ujr[ m dl,t dHlaigbJ } rg epiqda idha 

qiIjsj bVplji bjfSj ugrV Tjv w[ bjfS[ h,wJ sg ijtg wiV vHg 

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h'dHbj h{ m 


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hg bjdtbj h{ ^ ##rZsg drdebjV ds+LBg bdrLrjlg sj r,cj wjiV 

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duhCgbJ uBj uPB idhS dry `?i qdhlPl wisgbJ hV m spVgbJ dry 


140 


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sj bli dl,t w"q $a[ rg f{Gsj uj dihj h{ m epiP sj dl,t dl,tg w[lJ lpbjlJ 

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sj bwgsj dH,w' duhj h{ m wj;gRpV dwajW dry l{qlV svjdHvj sg 



141 

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vj cjvrj qiRplwq ws ug shj b,vj dWv lzi m 

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q>aig LqlpvsgV V[ bjdtbj dw ##qplvqjVJ vHg blv Hgs b,u h{ m$$ 


142 


h,u wiV lq[G uBjuPB idhSj bda ;iPig h{@ Fjr Rplaij uJ w{Gyg 

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143 

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idhSj yjhgsj h{ m 

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144 


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145 

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146 


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147 

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149 

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aoj ^ 

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150 


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151 

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Vjv hg u[wi w[l rg Wjwg yji wwjiJ rJe hg hV aJ w[lJ } rg 

ligi s[ dwl[ dh,Dl[ sg l.Fjv vHg ridabj ujSj yjhgsj h{ m 

w[l wav wijRpS rjvj dl,t dl,tg a'G ?jiu h' uJsj h{ m Rph fdaa 

h{ m Rpl} f>u epiP dfbjdibJ s[ f[L h' w[ Fp,v W?LjRpSg f{Gsg h{ m f>u 

dfbji[ Rpl } aV?jh vj w[ spWjij b>Ddq+a AwjMs[ hV m fi Wjwg 

yji wwjiJ Wji[ dH>Vj l?a hpwq VhgG m dHhVJ yjiJ dr,Dy'G w'Hg dHw 

uJ lji[ hg dwl[ quWPig wi w[ uJ bSF'v ligi a'G upsj h' uJs[ hV 

aJ bisjl wi w[ dxi luj v{S sj hpwq h{ m 

wHgbJ s[ w[l o'C[% a[ wHgbJ s[ Whpa[ ba[ wHgbJ s[ hp.s[ hg VhgG m 

dHl sj Fjr dHh h'dHbj dw dul s[ w[l wpsiag uJ dWqjig wiw[ h{ 

VhgG@ Rph fdaa h'r[ej m dHo[ w[lJ } wwji q>VS rjv[ wg svgv s[Se[( 

w[l wpsiag ba[ uqJsiP ligi sj b>e hV@ fi Wjwg wwji Wjhiqptg 

hV m w[l uqJsiP Vj h'S[ fdaa VhgG eisjVsj@ fi w[l wav 

wiV rjvj fdaa h' uJsj h{ m 

w[l wwji hV aJ dxi wpidhaJ dry Ljqv dwM VhgG wgaj 

uJsj ( idhaJ dry hpwq s[Sj dw w[l i,Dt' a[ dxi wpidhaJ dry ajCVj 

wiVg dw w[l wav Vj wirjY@ bugW Tp,yi h{ m w[lJ } f>urJ wwji 

s,lS rjv[ fpijaV idhaVjdqbJ sg bjC v{Gs[ hV m Whpa lji[ idhaVjq[ 

18rgG lsg dry dvt[ eH[ hV@ fi dHhVJ } epiP Vjv u'dCbj uJsj 

h{ m dHhVJ dry lr{-dri'Zg e,vJ sg Fiqji h{ m dHh cP.zg t'u s[ qphaju 

hV m epiWjSg } A,c w[ dHhVJ } dl,tg sj bjZji WSjRpSj z'i fjf 

h{ a[ Qva wsq h{ m ljZjiS udebjlP sj Bfvj tj ujSj qjqPvg e,v 

h{ m dl,tg liPf a[ dryjiZjij dry dqvjrB wiV rjv[ f>o spLqS hV m 

Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v h{ dw dl,tg sj uVq ;pvq@ rdhq@ Fiq@ Wp,a~ 

f+lag@ uja~dWijsig bjds WgqjigbJ sj Vjl wiV vHg h'dHbj lg m 

epiP dfbjdibJ } u.eJ Ip,ZJ wi w[ bjfSj dHdahjl dvtS sj q"wj 

hg VhgG lg dqdvbj m yapi v'wJ } epiWjSg a[ idhaVjdqbJ dry ivj 

fjRpS sj lqJ h,o bj debj m dqljvJ hj;i hV ^ 

1! epi f+ajf sg ip,a 3 a[ bdZbjdH 21 dry FjHg l.a't dl>z 

ug dvts[ hV dw slq[L dfaj V[!!!! ##aJ a[ l+g qpt rjw Rpyjij mm h'dH 


152 


lp,Dt[ wg s[e dabjij mm dl>z h'dH uW bjvpl Zjig mm qjsw yhgH[ bVs 

qNjig mm$$ \113| 

2! epidWvjl fjaLjhg A[rgG s[ bdZbjdH 18 dry l+g epiP 

hdie'dW>s ug sj F.e fgSj dvdtbj h{ ^ 

uW{ ujq dsV bjda ihjI' m 

l+g epiP drdubj fjV wijI' m 

fjnw bjf hg b>sj;j vj v{S@ wg epiP hdie'dW>s ljdhW a[ epiP 

e'dW>s dl>z ug rie[ qhjV I'Z[ F.e fgGs[ h'Se[ m 

3! drqv dWW[w rjidZ dry FerjV dl>z idhaVjqgbj@ FjHg 

qVg dl>z sj hrjvj s[ w[ dvtsj h{ ^ 

##epiP ug lF l.ea w' b>Ddq+a Awj wi@ Llai fwCj wi@ dl>z 

luj wi drsj wi@ aJ dl,tJ } wdhbj u' aplgG wpN bqv Adwbj wi' 

aJ dl,t bqv tjS v,e[ aJ dwadVbJ sgbJ dWiagbJ ndhi eHgbJm$$ 

4! epidWvjl fjaLjhg A[rk s[ 16r[G bdZbjdH dry epiP 

hdie'dW>s ljdhW Wji[ dvdtbj h{ ^ 

qdsij Wgdubj tJc dqvjHg m 

yiVjdqa dqv ejei fjHg m 

v{ dVu F[B wjdvwj sgV[ m 

v{ FrjVg wg Rpyi fWgV[ m 

LijW a[ F.e sj w[hj lp.si yiVjqa lp,tj dl>z V[ epiP hdie'dW>s 

ug rv'G dabji wiVj dvdtbj h{ m Vjv[ epiP hdie'dW>s ug } b`gq 

tJs[ dvdtbj h{ ^ 

dWdubj ZiAa \bxgq| bqi qejr{ m 

bjf Aw{ fpV bri dsbjr{ m \epidWvjl bdZbjdH slrJ| 

epiWjSg t>cV wisg h{ a[ idhaVjq[ q>cV wis[ hV m 

q{G VhgG bjtsj dw lji[ idhaVjq[ Qva hV m dHhVJ } epiqda 

epiWjSg sg v'b dry fitSj ;iPig h{ m duhCg ljtg Ij idha qiIjsj 

epiWjSg sg wlr,Bg $a[ fPig VhgG Rpaisg@ lj} VhgG q>VSg yjhgsg 

ba[ sPldibJ $a[ n'lSg rg Vhk yjhgsg m Rpfi dvdtbj h{ dw #w[l$ 

a[ #w[lwg$ bdV,tCr[G hV m bjY h'i dryji wigH[ m epiP hpwq h{ ^ 

kwieAw ikrdwr Aaurq XkInw ] 

rµg qmwsy mwix hkInw ] 

nwpwk pwku kir hdUir hdIsw swbq sUriq dsqwr isrw ] 


\f>Vj 1084|


153 

epiP fjaLjh V[ slaji } epiWjSg dry ?jl qh,aaj W?Lg h{ m 

FeaJ sg WjSg dry rg slaji \w[lwg| } Rpy[yg rdcbjHg ds,ag 

h{ ^ 

tPWp a[ig feig qgn[ a[i[ W'v mm \f>Vj 727| 

duh dli idy idy WjZa fje mm 

l' dlip yp.y lrjidh wje mm \f>Vj 330| 

W.w[ Wjv fje dldi c[ig mm 

dHhp aVp h'dHe' Flq wg T[ig mm \f>Vj 659| 

epiP VjVw fjaLjh `piqjMs[ hV ^ 

wpvhJ s[Gs[ Wjrv[ v{Gs[ rc[ dVvu mm \f>Vj 1286| 

dHo[ rg epiP VjVw V[ slaji sg qh,aaj siljHg h{ a[ B'fg \wp,vj| 

fdhVS a'G i'dwbj h{ m 

VeV h'dH Wjhi dxi{@ VeV lgl u' tjdH mm 

VeV f+ljds u' WJBHg@ aVtjhg r,Dc' whjdH mm 

fje Rpaji f+ljds u' tjr{@ l' dlt wp.Fg Viw dlZjr{ mm 

\FjHg V.s vjv ug| 

FjHg l.a't dl>z V[ dvdtbj h{ dw qjaj Fje w"i \qjHg Fje'| } 

epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug Rpfs[L ds>s[ `piqjMs[ hV ^ 

aY l.e apq idha hqji[ m 

fdhi wjA vw dli slaji[ m 

dHo'G lj` ;jdhi hp.sj h{ dw epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ b"iaJ } b>Ddq+a 

Awj w[ dl>zJ rjvj WjSj W?dLbj m Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v h{ dw qjHg 

Fje' W+hq brloj dry dryisg h'Hg WlaiJ sg lpZ t'h W{ng lg m dl,tJ 

V[ epiP fjl dLwjdHa wgag dw qjHg Fje w"i VeV idh>sg h{ aJ slq[L 

dfaj V[ wAdhij a[ slaji lujRpS vHg qjaj ug } bjdtbj m h'i 

Wlai ;iPig VhgG lqN[ m 

f+dl,Z b>ei[; dhlB'igbV wdV>zq dul V[ u.eJ Ip,ZJ lq[G dV,u 

b,tgG s[t[ hjvja History of the Sikhs dry dvt[ hV ^ 

Sikh women are distinguished from Hindus of their sex 

by same variety of dress, but chiefly by a higher top-knot 

of hair. (Page 79) 

dHl lq[G FjHg iSZgi dl>z uJ bt>c wgiaVg uo[ } w'Hg ujSsj 

rg VhgG lg ba[ dHhVJ dr,Dy'G dHw rg dHl Ziag $a[ f{sj VhgG lg h'dHbj m 


154 


FjHg ljdhW FjHg iSZgi dl>z duhVJ qpvw sg bj;jsg vHg 16 ljv 

u[v%J dry algh[ N,v[ ba[ dl,tg } wqjdHbj!!! dl>zJ sj f>o dVijvj 

fplaw dry dvts[ hV ^ 

blJ } f,wg ai%J Ijs h{ dw 1914 a'G fdhvJ epiP zi s[ 

sgrjVJ a[ lqjeqJ dry slaji[ rjvgbJ dl>zSgbJ@ Fpu.eSJ 

rg Whpa h'dHbj wisgbJ lV duhVJ } s[t w[ slajihgS 

IpragbJ vdubj qjV h' w[ slaji ZjiV wi v{GsgbJ lV m 

\f>Vj 22| 

blgG us'G 16 ljv sg u[v% Ijaij a'G 1930 dry rjfl Wjhi 

bjH[ aJ bljcg h{ijVg sg h,s Vj ihg us'G blgG BJrgbJ 

BJrgbJ WgWgbJ F{SJ s[ dliJ $a[ hg slajiJ r[tgbJ!!! m 

l+g slq[L ug s[ lq[G a'G hg lgVj~WlgVj b>Ddq+a l.yji a,a ?jvlHg 

udobJ b>si f>u wwjiJ sg idha dry slaji Ljqv ihg h{ ba[ dHl 

} w[lwg sj d?ajW ds,aj debj m dHl[ ds+LBJa a'G hg ljWa hp.sj h{ 

dw epiP fjaLjh V[ dl>z dl>zSgbJ } WijWi f,Zi $a[ lVqjdVbj h{ m 

qp,T a'G hg bVqag ajwaJ dl,t Ziq } ?aq wiV vHg wHg ai%J 

s[ fjfC r[v ihgbJ hV m wHg r[iJ W+jhqSrjs dl,t Ziq $a[ AjdHbj 

fi wpN lq[G Wjbs ?aq hp.sj dihj h{ m wpN shjdwbJ sg hg e,v h{ 

dw siWji ljdhW b>Ddq+ali a[ bjv[~spbjv[ qPiag fPuj bjq lg m fi 

l,y dxi f+eB h'dHbj m f+>aP dxi rg dwl[ Vj dwl[ iPf dry bjfSj bli 

;iPi A,c dihj h{ m w[lJ } wwji bjtSj a[ f+yji wig ujSj dli` 

dl,t w"q } wq;'i wi w[ dh>sP Ziq dry u;W wiV vHg L{ajVg yjv 

h{ m f+'`{li dfbjij dl>z fsq } fpijaV F,B rhgbJ sj bdZb{V 

widsbJ h'dHbJ dl,tg idha Wji[ dHw f+qjSgw lWPa dHl f+wji dqdvbj 

h{ ^ 

l+g epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug qhv slrJ@ W[Bj l+g epiP a[e Whjsi 

ug wj@ ljv la+{ w[ fyjrV q>evrji r{ljtg w[ dshp. fJy dlt'G 

w' tJc[ wg fjhpv sg@ dl>z Vjq ijtj m f+oq{ sIj ijq l'fag 

ta=g Wjlg vjh"i tvj hPbj m fjA[ q'hwq y.s Agfj Wjlg 

srjiwj@ ljdhW y.s VjHg Wjlg dWsi uxijWjV Ldhi@ Ziq 

y.s ur.sj u,B Wjlg hlaVjfpi@ dh>qa y.s Ngri Wjlg 

ueVVjo!!! Wji' Wjig tv[ hPH[ m lF w' dVv.Wi fdhVjdHbj m 

rhg r[l bfVj wgbj m hp,wj@ hvjv@ hujqa@ hijq@ dB,wj@ 

u.EP@ Z'ag wj dabje wijdHbj m qgS[@ Zgi q,vgH[@ ijq ijHgH[@ 



155 

dli ep.q[@ ql.s'G wg ria'G W.s wg m w.zj@ wis@ w[lwg@ wCj@ 

w,A lF w' sgbj m lF w[ljZjig wgH[ m lF wj uVq fBVj Wjlg 

bV.sfpi WajHg m bje{ epiP wg ldaepiP ujS{ m epiP epiP ufSj m 

epiP hi ojHg lhjHg h'e m 

\F,B rhg fieSj ojV[li| 

Wsdwlqag h{@ lq[G sg a'i Vjv spVgbJ s[ lji[ ZiqJ dry 

dT,vCfpSj bjdHbj h{ m dl,t Ziq dry rg Whpa wq;'igbJ V[ bj c[i[ 

vjH[ hV m epiP dHdahjl } bjfS[ lpbjio vHg aiuqjdVbj h{ m dl,t 

Wp,ZgugrgbJ sj ì; WSsj h{ dw fpijaV idhaVjdqbJ sg h'i t'u 

wi w[ dl,t f>o sg l[rj wiV m dl,t l.lojrJ@ ?jl wiw[ L+'qSg epispbjij 

f+W.Zw wq[Bg@ b>Ddq+ali lpvN[ h'H[ epidl,t drsrjVJ sg wjVì.l l,s 

w[ f[fi fC%jH[ m Ziqg ugrV duRPSj dl,tg Ziq sj q"dvw dl,ZJa h{ m 

ljc[ fjl ^ 

fgRP sjs[ wj t'dv dcnj tujVj mm 

aj q[i{ qdV FdHbj dVZjVj mm \f>Vj ÉÐÎ| 

h{ m dli` v'C dWW[w Wp,Zg sg h{ m dl,t V"urjV w[l wav wirj ih[ hV 

a[ VdLbJ dry eils[ uj ih[ hV m b"iaJ bjfS[ w[l dtvji w[ a[ dli 

lpbji w[ v'w f+v'w epbj ihgbJ hV m v'w dHhVJ sj q"uP RpcjMs[ hV 

a[ h,ls[ hV m dHh qPit ?pL hp.sgbJ hV m 

auif auif rwvw JwtY pwie ] 

vyKY loku hsY Gir jwie ] \f>Vj 465| 


\s[l f+s[l@ 15!4!1988|

wg w[lwg wwji 

FjHg iSZgi dl>z sg wjT h{( 

FjHg u'ej dl>z ug@ ljRPo rp,cx'ic v.cV sj ?a ##wg lji[ w,y[ 

df,v[ dl,t lV ($$ s[ dliv[t h[n s[l f+s[l s[ b>w V.Wi 1376 dqag 

24-11-95 s[ EXT 3 $a[ fC%V sj lpFje f+jfa h'dHbj m bjf ug V[ 

sjl s[ dvt[ v[t ##Vj hq dh>sP Vj qplvqjV$$ $a[ wpN L.wjrJ f+eB wgagbJ 

hV m d?bjvjaJ sg dF>Vaj dHw qVp,tg lpFjb h{ m VpwajygVg RpljiP a[ f>o 

sg yC%sg wvj vHg h'r[ aJ ldaepiP sg W?dLL lqNSg yjhgsg h{ m FjHg 

u'ej dl>z ug epiP w[ vjv a[ f>o sisg ujfs[ hV@ f+>aP epiWjSg a[ dl,t 

dHdahjl sg z,B lPN h'S wiw[ RpV%J } dHh wpN dvtSj dfbj m sjl sj 

ì; WSsj h{ dw lisji ug rv'G RpnjH[ VpwdabJ sj RpKai dsbJ m 

Rph dvts[ hV ^ \1| ljij dl,t dHdahjl erjhg ds>sj h{ dw w[l lF 

a'G r,cj wwji h{ m bei w[l VhgG aJ yji yji wwjiJ sg w'Hg qh,aaj 

VhgG m dur[G w'Hg yji[ wwjiJ lq[a w[lwg rg lujHg dxi[ fi w[l u' lF 

a'G r,cj dy>V% h{ \sjC%g qp,AJ| qpVjHg dxi[ aJ Rph w{lj dl,t h'r[ej m 

dHdahjl erjh h{ dw FjHg ljdhW a'G fdhvJ lji[ f>o s[ wwjiJ 

dry w[l hg qPv wwji lV a[ b,u rg lqp,yj f>o w[lJ } wwji q>Vsj 

h{ m wg FjHg ljdhW a'G dWVJ bwjvg xPvj dl>z rie[ lF w,Dy[ df,Dv[ 

hg dl,t lV ( dHl sj Fjr dHh h'dHbj dw w[lwg wwji FjHg iSZgi 

dl>z sg wjT h{ m ?{i@ q[i[ d?bjv dry dHh s' hg dli` qp,Ds[ hV duV%J 

$a[ FjHg u'ej dl>z } L.wjrJ V[ z[ig i,Ddtbj h{ m Wjwg dV,wgbJ q'BgbJ 

e,vJ dHV%J Vjv hg upCgbJ h'HgbJ hV m 

w[lwg_FjHg ljdhW FjHg wjV% dl>z VjFj f+dl,Z drsrjV V[ 

epiWjSg a[ epiqda dHdahjl dry ria[ LWsJ sj l.e+dh wi w[ epi 

LWs iaVjwi qhjV w'L dry h[n dvt[ hV ^ 

w[lwg l.debj_#A'Bg f,e u' w[lJ sg i,Ddtbj vHg fdhVg uJsg 

h{ m$ w[lwg b,ti sj Fjr w[lJ sg l.Fjv wiV rjvg A'Bg slaji h{ m 

w'Hg q>V[ uJ Vj q>V[@ w[l a[ w[lwg \slaji| dHw sPli[ Vjv upCr[G bio 


wg w[lwg wwji FjHg iSZgi dl>z sg wjT h{( 

157 

i,ts[ hV m w[l ba[ w[lwg bdV,tCr[G h'S s[ WjruPs s'VJ sg epiWjSg 

sg wlr,Bg $a[ fit wiVg v'Cksg h{ m 

w[l_epiP sg q'hi hV m dHl vHg w[lJ } wav wiVj l+g slq[L 

ug s[ hpwq sg bsPvg h{ m sPli[ v`;J dry dl,tg a'G ?jiu h'Sj h{ m 

w[lJ sg W?dLL W,Dy[ s[ f{sj h'S Vjv hg hp.sg h{ Fjr w[l wpsiag ligi 

s[ b>si'G hg Rpfus[ hV m w[l Wjwg s[ yji wwjiJ rJe Wjhiqptg dVLjV 

Vhk hV a[ wwji w[lJ rJe ligi sj b>e Vhk hV@ le'G ligi s[ dwl[ 

Vj dwl[ b>e $a[ lpL'dFa hV m 

v,w wAdhij@ h,o wCj@ dwifjV ejai[ ba[ w.zj@ w[lJ dry u' 

dw ligi sj hg qp,t b>e hV m Wjwg yji wwji bjfSg bjfSg ue%j 

bj;js a[ ?jl w.qJ vHg W?L[ eH[ hV m dHV%J sg l.Fjv vHg h'i dwl[ 

wwji sg v'C Vhk aJ f>ur[G wwji w[lJ sg l.Fjv vHg w.z[ } dwM 

ridabj ujr[ ( u[wi w[l rg Wjwg wwjiJ rJe hg hV aJ w[lJ } 

ligi s[ dwl dh,Dl[ sg l.Fjv vHg ridabj ujSj yjhgsj h{ m 

wHgbJ s[ w[l o'C%[ a[ wHgbJ s[ Whpa[ a[ wHgbJ s[ hp.s[ hg Vhk m 

aJ a[ dHl sj Fjr dHh h'dHbj dw dul s[ w[l wpsiag uJ dWqjig wiw[ 

h'S hg Vj@ Rph fdaa dwr[G h'r[ej m dHo[ w[lJ } wwji Vjq s[S rjv[ 

wg urjW s[Se[ ( wg w[l uqJsiP Vj h'S wjiV f+jSg } fdaa 

eisjdVbj ujr[ej ( f+>aP w[l wav wiV rjvj hg fdaa hp.sj h{ m 

Rpfi.a w[l u[wi wwji hV aJ wpidhaJ dry Ljdqv dwM Vhk wgaj 

uJsj m w[l epiP sg q'hi sg l.Fjv wiV vHg w[lwg Fjr A'Bg slaji 

} wwji q>VS dry w'Hg hiu Vhk@ dHh FjHg ljdhW iSZgi dl>z ug 

V[ yjvP Vhk lg wgag m RpV%J s[ u.qS a'G fdhvJ a'G hg wwji lqN w[ 

ldawjig uJsg ihg h{ m epiP hpwq a[ dl,t dHdahjl epbjh ]^ 

wjdHbj dwisji bRpia IwgVj mm i.e aqjl[ qjdS hwgVj mm 

Vjfjw fjwp wdi hsPdi hsglj ljWa lPida slaji dlij mm 

\f>Vj 1084| 

tPWp a[ig feig qgn[ a[i[ W'v mm \f>Vj 727| 

duh dli idy idy WjZa fje mm l' dlip y.py lrjidh wje mm \f>Vj 330| 

W.w[ Wjvp fje dli c[ig mm dHh aVp h'dHe' Flq wg T[ig mm \f>Vj 659| 

wpvhJ s[Gs[ Wjrv[ v{Gs[ rc[ dVvu mm \f>Vj 1286| 

dHo[ rg epiP VjVw fjdaLjh V[ slaji sg qh,aaj siljHg h{ ba[ 

wpvhj \B'fg| fdhVS a'G i'dwbj h{ m FjHg V.s vjv ug V[ e'Ij V[ idhaVjq[ 

dry dvdtbj h{ ^ 


158 


VeV h'dH Wjhi dxi{ mm VeV lgl u' tjdH mm 

VeV f+ljs u' WjBHg aVtjhg rc' whjdH mm 

fje Rpaji f+ljs u' tjr{ mm l' dlt wp.Fg Viw dlZjr{ mm 

FjHg l.a't dl>z V[ dvdtbj h{ dw qjaj Fje w"i \qjHg Fje'| } epiP 

e'dW>s dl>z ug Rpfs[L ds>s[ `piqJs[ hV ^ 

aY l.de apq idha hqji[ mm fdhi wjA vw dli slaji[ mm 

f+dl,Z b>ei[; dhlB'igbV wdV>zq dul V[ dl,tJ Vjv u.eJ@ Ip,ZJ lq[G 

dV,u b,tk s[t[ hjvja History of the Sikhs dry dvt[ hV m dvtsj h{ ^ 

Sikh women are distinguished from Hindus of their sex 

by same variety of dress, but chiefly by a higher top-knot 

of hair. (Page 79) 

FjHg iSZgi dl>z ug bjfSg fplaw epiqda dryji s[ f>Vj 

139~40 $a[ dvts[ hV ^ 

wdV>zq b>ei[; dhlB'igbV V[ epiqda sj l+g slq[L spbjij 

siljdHbj l,yj blPv f+dafjsV wi dstvjdHbj dw dl,tJ sgbJ 

dl>zSgbJ@ FpN.eSJ s[ dli RpKa[ w[lJ sj uPCj lpL'dFa hp.sj lg m 

dHh Rpl V[ Rps'G dvdtbj us'G bu[ Vj aJ Faguj l,uS dl>z u.dqbj 

lg a[ Vj hg Rpl sg dl>zSg u.qg lg m Vj iSZgi dl>z u.dqbj lg a[ Vj 

hg Rpl sg dl>zSg a[ Vj hg Rpl sg vCwg f{sj h'HgbJ lV m fi Z.V h{ 

wdV>zq dul V[ l,Dy' l,y epiqda sj l,yj blPv f+dafjsV wi dstjdHbj m 

dxi blk h{ijV hJ dw dwl qP>h Vjv v'wg bjts[ hV dw dHh VrJ blPv 

FjHg iSZgi dl>z V[ yvjdHbj h{ m lj` dl,Z h'dHbj dw dHl e'i[ dl,t 

dhlB'igbV V[ l,Dy' l,y epiqda sj l,yj blPv u' l+g slq[L ug V[ f+yva 

wgaj@ dvt ds,aj m du,Do'G lj` dl,Z hp.sj h{ dw dHh slq[L ug sg siljHg 

l,yg epiqda idha h{ m hJ@ Rpl fi y,vS rjv[ Whpa driv[ hg hV m 

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170 


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sg ilq f+yva wiV dry WCj r,cj I'esjV fjdHbj h{ m dHh vdhi 

siblv dl,tJ dry bj yp,wgbJ drfiga ilqJ dirjuJ@ lijZ@ qPiag 

fPuj@ ria i,tS[@ dfai fPuS[ bjds x'w[ wiq~wJcJ s[ d?vj` yjvP 

h'Hg lg m 13 qjiy@ 1855 } F'vj dl>z ba[ WgWg dVhjvg sj drbjh 

WjWj siWjij dl>z V[ ijrvdf>cg drt[ wgaj m dHl epiqda drbjh sg 

Whpa yiyj h'Hg m bV.s drbjh ljsj a[ z,B ?iygvj h'S wi w[ dl,tJ 

dry bjq h'S v,e fH[ lV@ fi qp?jvdà wiV rjdvbJ V[ rg z,B 

Vhk wgag m 

WjWj li t[q dl>z@ li dVhjv dl>z AjAg a[ sgrjV a"iP ijdH 

f+dl,Z vgciJ V[ bV.s drbjh sg c,B w[ qp?jvà wgag m siWji ljdhW@ 

b>Ddq+ali a[ aiVajiV s[ fpujigbJ V[ rg bwjv a?a $a[ bV.s 

drbjh wiV sg dHuj;a Vj ds,ag m b>Ddq+ali dry fdhvj bV.s 

drbjh njwpi dsbjv dl>z sg ZiqLjvj dry 1861 Hglrg dry 

h'dHbj m WjWj ijq dl>z VjqZjigbJ s[ qptg V[ r[dsw igaJ sj t>cV 

wgaj a[ 1863 dry r[sg a[ beVg spbjv[ x[i[ v{S sg ilq LpiP wgag m 

fi vjrJ sj fjn epiP e+.o ljdhW dr,Dy'G wgaj ujS v,ej m 

bV.s drbjh } wj}Vg Lwv s[S dry qhjijuj difsqV dl>z 

VjFj sg WCg zjvSj h{ m qhjijuj idhSg@ wdhSg s[ lPi[ a[ epiqda 

blPvJ s[ ZjiVg lV m bjf dH>qfgigbv v{dulv[dBr w"Glv s[ q{GWi lV m 

bjfSg q{GWig lq[G bV.s drbjh sj dW,v 1908 } dH>qfgigbv 

v{dulv[dBr w"Glv dry f[L wgaj m bjfS[ bli ilP? Vjv h'i dl,t 

l.lojrJ s[ qptg dl,t vgciJ } bjfSgbJ svgvJ Vjv dHl dW,v sg 

qss wiV vHg dabji wgaj m faj v,esj h{ dw l{GwC[ drrjh f+stSj 

v{ w[ epiqda bVplji h'S v,De[ m df,DA'G lisji lp.si dl>z qugnj w"Glv 

s[ q{GWi WS[ m v{dulv[dBr w"Glv sgbJ wHg qgdB>eJ dry lisji ldhW 

V[ bV.s drbjh sg ilq s[ h,w dry wHg ZC,v[sji awigiJ wgagbJ m 

27 bela 1909 sg qgdB>e dry lisji lp.si dl>z V[ W'vs[ bjdtbj ^ 

##ljij dl,t lqPhw a"i $a[ r,Dc[ a'G A'B[ aw dHl sg f+'C%aj wisj h{ m 

qhjijuj iSuga dl>z s[ lq[G bV.s drbjh sg qiIjsj wpN h,s aw 


174 


f+yva Vhk lg ihg m W+jhqdSw f+Fjr h[nJ dHh qiIjsj s,W eHg lg m 

fi ljcg ?pLdwlqag Vjv drZrj drbjh dl,tJ dry f+yva dihj u' 

dw dh>sP qiIjsj bVplji drridua h{ m fi yji dl,t l.f+sjrJ bduhgbJ 

hV@ duhCgbJ fpijaV lq[G a'G bV.s drbjh sg ilq wi ihgbJ hV m 

duhj dw dVh.e dl>z@ W.sHg ?jvlj@ dVi.wjig ba[ VjqZjig m 

dHl qgdB>e sg f+ZjVeg vjic dq>B' V[ wgag lg m dHl h'Hg Wdhl 

Wjbs dW,v lgv{wB wq[Bg s[ hrjv[ wi ds,aj debj m dHl wq[Bg s[ 

q{GWi lV_dqlBi dlVhj@ li hiWiB i{;v[@ dqlBi qiw a[ lp.si dl>z 

qugngbj m qpC 10 la.Wi@ 1909 } dHl dW,v $a[ dxi dryji wgag 

eHg m qgdB>e } l.W'ZV widsbJ lisji lp.si dl>z V[ bjdtbj@ ##q{G 

dHh Vhk whJej dw dHl sg dri'Zaj Vhk h'Hg m fi dxi rg Whpa h,s 

aw dl,t uVaj V[ dHl sg hqjdHa wgag ]m hJ@ wpN fpujigbJ \l+g 

siWji ljdhW b>Ddq+ali@ aiVajiV s[ fpujig| a[ e+.ogbJ a[ h'i dl,t 

F[tJ wiw[ dri'Zaj h'Hg h{ m fi Fpv[t[ sPi wiV sg dHl dW,v dry w'dLL 

wgag eHg h{ m dHl ai%J v.qg us'~udhs Wjbs dW,v fjl h' w[ wj}V 

WS debj ba[ #bV.s q{diu b{wB$ s[ iPf dry spVgbJ s[ ljhqS[ 

bjdHbj m 

dl,t w"q sg Wsdwlqag hg lqN' dw hjvJ rg blJ epiqda ejcg 

ijh } Vhk bfSjdHbj m drbjh lq[G vCwg a[ vCw[ s[ qjf[ a[ l.W.Zg 

dh>sP ilqJ } dwl[ Vj dwl[ iPf dry zl'C dvbJs[ hV m bV.s drbjh 

sg qiIjsj dry dqvVgbJ wiVgbJ@ dlhi[ W.V%S[@ qhjiju sg h;Pig 

dry rjiV[ wiV[@ hji fj w[ u'Cg } f"GcJ sg lvjqg fjRpSg@ Vjy ejS[ 

a[ F.eC[ fjRpS[ a[ Vjv LijWJ s[ s"i yvjRpS[ ws[ rg Vhk l'Fs[ m f{l[ 

sg WiWjsg Vjv i.e dry F.e f{Gsg bjq s[tg uJsg h{ m wHg r[iJ dHh 

spLqSgbJ fgC%g~si~fgC%g y,vsgbJ idh>sgbJ hV m b,u~ w,v% epidl,t 

fdirjiJ dry rg wpCqjHg sg ilq fp,ng y,v fHg h{ m drbJhsC qp>cj 

uV[a Vjv drbjh wirjRpS epiP sg h;Pig bj w[ W{nsj h{ m Z[dabJ 

fpa[dabJ sgbJ dqvSgbJ rg h' uJsgbJ hV m dxi wpCqjHg sg aJ e,v 

hg qp,w ujSg yjhgsg h{ m fi dHh ?iyj rZjRpS } a[ v'wJ } drtjRpS 

vHg dxi wpCqjHg sg ilq wis[ hV m 

lj} ljdibJ } epiqda bVplji ljsj a[ z,B ?iygv[ drbjh sg 

ilq wiVg yjhgsg h{ m dHl[ dry hg vCwg a[ vCw[ rjdvbJ ba[ w"q 

sj Fvj h{ m 


\s[l f+s[l@ Vr.Wi 1987|

wiq~eag 

Ziq a[ `vl`j 

wiq u' wiV dry bjr[ m bjfS[ wga[ h'H[ wiq hg ugr } lp,t~s,pt 

ba[ I'VgbJ sj wjiV hp.s[ hV m lj} epiP ljdhW sj dHh RpKaq~Rpfs[L ^ 

ijqu kIqw pweIAY Awpxw sw Gwl burI ikau GwlIAY ] 

\bjlj wg rji@ f>Vj 474| 

lsj qV dry rlj w[@ wpwiqJ sj dabje ba[ LpF wiqJ s[ 

wiV sj IaV wiVj yjhgsj ]m 

\epiqda qjia.c@ l`j 281| 

l,yqp,y hg wiq qlvj Whpa ep.Nvsji h{ m wiq dwr[G WS[ ( ugr 

wiqJ dry dwr[G fidria h'dHbj ( ugr wiqJ sj dw,Do'G aw d;>q[rji 

h{ ( wiq a[ dwifj sj l.W.Z dwl ai%J sj h{ ( wg wiq bVjsg hV ( 

wg bwjv fpit hg wiqJ sj wiaj Ziaj h{ ( wg ugr s[ h,o wpN h{ ( 

u[wi h{ aJ dw,Do'G aw ( bjds m dHl[ ai%J h'i wHg ai%J s[ wiq l.W.Zg 

f+LV hV duhC[ qP>h b,cg tC[ drsrjVJ } r.eji fjHg i,ts[ hV m wiq 

l.W.Zg awigWV hi Ziq s[ qpiLsJ@ fgiJ a[ f{Q.WiJ V[ bjfS[ f{i'wjiJ 

} bjfS[ bjfS[ bwgs[ bVplji drloji Vjv v{wyiJ ijhk a[ dvtaJ 

ijhk s,lS sj FifPi IaV wgaj h{ m fpijaV a[ VrgV v[tw d`vjlìJ 

V[ rg wiq d`vjl`g Wji[ bjfS[ d?bjv v'wjHg } s,lS vHg T[i 

ljigbJ dwajWJ dvtgbJ hV@ f+>aP dHh qlvj dwa[ Vj dwa[ dxi rg 

dli RpnjHg i,tsj h{ m 

lVjaVg Ziq s[ q'TgbJ V[ FJa FJa sgbJ dl>q+agbJ wiq l.W.Zg 

dvt w[ VrJ dl,ZJa spVgbJ ljhqS[ i,Ddtbj ba[ HgLri fiqjaqj } 

Vhk drljdibj ba[ lF wpN sj wiaj Ziaj hg ldrwji wis[ ih[ m 

qhjaqj Wp,Z@ Wp,Z Ziq wiqJ s[ hjS vjF } aJ q>Vsj h{ f+>aP i,W sg 

h'Gs a'G qpVwi h{ m wHg drsrjVJ s[ d?bjv qpajdWw Fjia dr,Dy'G Wp,Z 

Ziq s[ ?jaq[ sj dHh dHw r,cj wjiV lg m Wp,Z sg dHl Vrk d`vjl`g 


176 


V[ lVjaVg wiq d`vjl`g } ;iPi N.N'dCbj u' hpS aw rg Wdhl sj 

wjiV WdSbj ydvbj bj dihj h{ m sjl V[ bjfSg ap,A Wp,Zg bVplji 

epiWjSg } bjZji WSj w[ wiq d`vjl`g } z'tS sj hgbj wgaj h{ m 

epiP dqhi wi[ m 

epiWjSg dry wiq fs sj d;wi 7 rji bjdHbj h{ m Fjr~bio 

dHl ai%J wga[ uj lws[ hV ^ \1| u' wgaj ujr[@ w.q@ wjiu& \2| dwlqa@ 

awsgi@ Fje& \3| W?dLL@ ì;@ idhqa@ Vsdi@ dqhi& \4| LpF~bLpF 

wiq& \5| ltjra@ sjaJ@ ZV& \6| wsq@ RpvJz& ba[ \7| dViSj@ 

r[irj@ dVLjV m 

epiP e+.o ljdhW ug ljc[ debjV epiP hV m ljcg Wp,Zg epiWjSg s[ 

b>aigr Fjr } lqNS vHg Bfvj tj uJsg h{@ dul wiw[ bFp,v epiP 

wiaji W?L[ m 

l.lji sg iyVj a[ wiqJ dry ugr dwr[G f+dria h'dHbj ( $a[ 

dryji wiVg ;iPig h{ m bV[w qaJ sgbJ fplawJ dry uea sg Rpafag 

ba[ vI s[ f+wji dF>V dF>V q>V[ ba[ dHM dvt[ hV dur[G lF wpN b,tJ 

s[ ljhqS[ h'dHbj h'r[ m epiP ljdhW aiw draiw A,c w[ l.lji sj h'Sj 

wiaji s[ hpwq Vjv h'Sj q>Vs[ hV ^ 

hpwqg h'rdV bjwji mm \f>Vj É| 

wgaj fljRp H[w' wrjRp mm \f>Vj Ë| 

bjdf lda wgbj lFp lda mm 

iqsu pRB qy sglI auqpiq ] 

iqsu BwvY qw kry ibsQwru ] 

iqsu BwvY qw eykµkwru ] \f>Vj ÊÑÌ| 

aoj ^ 

ieksu qy hoieE Anµqw nwnk eyksu mwih smwey jIau ] 

FjHg episjl ug s[ LWsJ dry ^ 

\f>Vj 131| 

bjf[ bjdf RpfjdHw{ bjf[ bfSj VjRp ZijdHbj mm 

bjds fpitp bjs[lp h{ h{Fg h'lg h'sj bjdHbj mm 

bjds V b>a dWb>ap h{ bjf[ bjdf V bjfp eSjdHbj mm 

bjf[ bjfp RpfjdH lqjdHbj mm \rji 18@ fRpCg 7| 

Fjr dHh dw l.lji sg iyVj rjdhepiP s[ hpwq Vjv h'Hg m iyVj s[ 

lq[G a'G hg wiqJ sg t[c LpiP hp.sg h{ m qVp,t Rpl r[v[ wiq wiV dry 

lpa.ai lV m RpV%J u{l[ wiq wga[@ r{l[ hg FpeaS vHg d;>q[rji WS[ m 


wiq~eag Ziq a[ `vl`j 

177 

RpV%J s[ wga[ wiqJ sj xv FpeaShjij wiaji bjf h'dHbj m dHl ai%J 

ugr } uVqJ~uVqJaiJ dry wiqJ sg eag bVplji wiqJ sj xv 

FpeaS vHg FBwSj dfbj m dHM fPiW wiq sj dlvdlvj y,v dfbj m 

qp,wsg e,v wiq sj qp,T dl+LBg s[ Vjv hg W,Nj h{ m 

suµnhu aupjy ds Avqwrw ] isRsit aupwie kIAw pwswrw ] 

dyv dwnv gx gµDrb swjy siB iliKAw krm kmwiedw ] 

\f>Vj 1038| 

dHo[ dHV%J apwJ dry dh>sPbJ s[ sl brajiJ sj d;wi 

h{ m s[rdabJ a[ diLg qpVgbJ } rg bjfS[ wiqJ s[ xv FpeaS[ f{Gs[ 

hV m 

debjVg RPZq dl>z ug wiaj epiqda dl,ZJa ljei fplaw s[ 

l`j 57 $a[ wiq eag dliv[t h[n dHl ai%J dvts[ hV ^ wiq s' ai%J 

s[ hp.s[ hV_Fv[ a[ Wpi[ m duV%J df,DA[ Lwag f+q[Li sg h{ a[ wiaj dWiag 

qVp,t sg m 

wiqJ sj y,wi WCj v.qj h{ u' Rps'G aw ws[ Vhk qp,wsj us aw 

wiq eag Wsv Vj ujr[ m dur[G wp,Da[ sj r{ig@ r,Bj qjiV rjvj hp.sj 

h{@ r,Bj Vhk hp.sj m dHl vHg W.s[ sj r{ig rg Rpl sj wiq hp.sj h{@ 

W.sj Vhk m qjC[ wiqJ sg l;j hi qVp,t } dqvsg h{ m fi dHh 

faj Vhk v,esj dwhC[ wiq sj xv h{ ( qVp,t bjfS[ h,v vHg qV,ptJ 

Vjv aJ vC lwsj h{ fi bjfS[ wiqJ a[ dwlqa Vjv Vhk m qVp,t 

s[ fjf wiq F'debJ dHM Vhk qp,ws[ dur[G u.ev s[ w.c[ h,oJ 

Vjv ypdSbJ m ugr sg wiq i[tj q[BS sg lqi,oj epiP sg Lwag ba[ 

Feag dry h{@ h'i dwl[ w'v Vhk m dur[G u.ev s[ w.dcbJ } b,e 

ijt wi ds>sg h{@ dHl[ ai%J i,W sg Ijs Wpi[ v[tJ a[ wpwiqJ } q[B 

lwsg h{ m 

FjHg ljdhW FjHg iSZgi dl>z ug bjfSg fplaw epiqda 

bdZbjaq wiq d`vjl`g s[ l`j 33 $a[ dvts[ hV ^ dHl dry i.yw 

rg l.s[h Vhk dw Zpi dvdtbj wiq br,L hg wiVj f{Gsj h{ m Zpi `piqjH[ 

wiq } w'Hg Vhk q[B lwsj m qp,DT'G hg duV%J sj ldal.ea dry rjlj 

h' uJsj ]@ dHh LpF wiqg v[t i[t Zpdi v[t[ bVplji hg hp.sg h{ m u{l[ 

dw `piqjV h{ ^ 

jo Duir iliKAw su krm kmwieAw ] 

koie n mytY Duir PurmwieAw ] 

sqsµgiq mih iqn hI vwsw ijn kau Duir iliK pweI hy ] 


\f>Vj ÉÈÌÌ|

178 


epiqda uf af sdHbj Ziq rjvj fp>V wiq daV%J sj hg dVhyv 

idh>sj ] ba[ a'C dVFsj h{ duV%J s[ fPiWv[ wiqJ dry dHh fp>V xv 

dqvSj dvdtbj hp.sj h{ m `piqjV h{ ^ 

dieAw Drmu qpu inhclo ijsu krim ilKwDw ] \f>Vj ÉÉÈÉ| 

l'@ dHl ai%J faj v,ej dw wiq uea iyVj Vjv hg W.s[ Vjv 

bj upC[ hV m dHV%J wiqJ wjiV hg y"ijlg v,t uPVJ sj e[C LpiP h' debj m 

y.e[ wiq wgdabJ ba[ r,Dc[ FjeJ Vjv qVp,tj uVq dqvsj h{ m `piqjV 

h{ ^ 

lK caurwsIh join sbweI ] 

mwxs kau pRiB dIeI vifAweI ] \f>Vj ÉÈÏÍ| 

keI jnm Bey kIt pqµgw ] 

keI jnm gj mIn kurµgw ] 

keI jnm pMKI srp hoieE ] 

keI jnm hYvr ibRK joieE ]1] 

imlu jgdIs imln kI brIAw ] 

icrµkwl ieh dyh sµjrIAw ]1]rhwau] \f>Vj ÉÏÎ| 

wvupe b>si wia[ fpit s[ wga[ da>VJ epSJ \iu' epS_l.ljig 

rjLVjrJ sg sLj@ Passion consious state| \aq' epS_qV sg 

b>DdZbjig fLP driag@ Animal consious state| \la' epS_la l.a't 

qV sg sLj@ Refined consious state| dry bjf spdVbjrg ugr 

fiqjio'G Fp,Dv[ lji[ f+jSg VjVj f+wjig wiq wqjMs[ dxis[ hV ba[ wiq 

fijdHSg dvta bVplji y"hJ tjSgbJ \b>cu@ u[iu@ l[au@ RpaFpu| 

sgbJ ugr u'VgbJ dry hg zp>qS~z[igbJ tJs[ idh>s[ hV m 

apigbj epS \dvr sg RpVqV sLj@ Super consious state| y"o[ 

fs ajHk FjeJ rjv[ epiqpt uV sg hg fhp.y hp.sg h{ u' rjdhepiP Vjq 

iBS iPfg bw,o whjSg } lpbjl deijlg bdFbjl spbjij woVhjij 

hp.sj h{ m Ioj epirjw ^ 

qIin guxw qyry jug hI AMqir cwry qyrIAw KwxI ] 

krmu hovY qw prm pdu pweIAY kQy AkQ khwxI ] \f>Vj ÌÊË| 

bjq l.ljig v'e spVgbJ b>sdi sPu[ FjdH s[ spiqda wiqJ dry 

fidria idh>s[ hV m fPiWv[ wiqJ bVplji dHh spiqag wiq RpV%J } 

br,L wiV[ f{Gs[ hV m dfAv[ uVq s[ wiqJ sj xv Rph e.s[ wiq 

wqjMs[ hV@ dul wiw[ RpV%J sj bevj v[tj le'G h'i r,Z uJsj h{ m 

bduh[ qPitJ } beJh h'i l;j dqvsg h{ a[ uPVgbJ s[ e[C dry hg 


179 

fH[ idh>s[ hV m fPi[ FjeJ wi w[ b,DA[ V[w wiqJ wi w[ duV%J s[ wiq 

fPiWv[ uVqJ s[ wga[ hp.s[ hV daV%J sj b>wpi dHh lx,pB hp.sj h{ dw dHl 

uVq dry RpV%J } l,yj ldaepiP lptsjaj bjfS[ l,Dy[ ldaepiP liPf dry 

bjdH dqvsj h{ m `piqjV h{ ^ 

pUrb krm AMkur jb pRgty ByitE purKu risk bYrwgI ] 

imitE AMDyru imlq hir nwnk jnm jnm kI soeI jwgI ] 

\f>Vj ÊÈÌ| 

krmI siqguru pweIAY Anidnu lgY iDAwnu ] 

iqn kI sµgiq imil rhw drgh pweI mwnu ] \f>Vj ËÉË| 

fPi[ FjeJ wiw[ ldaepiP dqvsj h{ a[ epiP sg l.eda f+jfa hp.sg 

h{ m 

FjHg iSZgi dl>z ug \FjHg ljdhW| bjfS[ dV,ug auiW[ a'G dvts[ 

hV ^ l,Dy[ fjaLjh epi l.ea dry f+a,t hp.s[ hV ba[ f+a,t rias[ hV m 

dsW@ vag`g@ Vsdi ds=LBg rjv[ epidl,tJ@ epiqpt uVJ } aJ f+a,t 

skhs[ hV m epi l.eda dry dViWjS wgiaV wiV rjv[ bt>cjwjig 

lpiagLiJ } aJ u'agLepi lVqp,t dssji[ ds>s[ hV m 

r[sJda e+.oJ s[ f+wiS_wiq@ RpfjLVj a[ debjV da>V dh,DdlbJ 

dry r.c[ eH[ hV_h'q I,e@ L+jZ@ a=fS ria m bjds wiqJ s[ wiV 

sg drZg dul dry s,lg eHg h{ Rph wiq~wJc h{ m hi q;%W s[ wiq 

dHl ai%J lqN v{S[ yjhgs[ hV m dl,t Ziq dry ldaepiP sj Rpfs[L h{ 

dw wiqJ s[ Fjr } lqN w[ dryji Vjv wiq wiV[ yjhgs[ hV m drtjr[ 

bi ft>c Vjv wga[ wiq borj v'wJ s[ n,eS vHg wiq ujv sj 

x{vjRpSj RpKaq Vhk m epiP `piqjV h{ ^ 

Ktu swsq ibcrq muiK igAwnw ] pUjw iqlku qIrQ iesnwnw ] 

invlI krm Awsn caurwsIh ien mih sWiq n AwvY jIau ]2] 

Aink brK kIey jp qwpw ] gvnu kIAw DrqI Brmwqw ] 

ieku iKnu ihrdY sWiq n AwvY jogI bhuiV bhuiV auiT DwvY jIau ] 

aoj ^ 

\f>Vj ÑÐ| 

krm kWf bhu krih Acwr ] ibnu nwvY iDRgu iDRgu Ahµkwr ]3] 

bµDin bwiDE mwieAw Pws ] jn nwnk CUtY gur prgws ] 

aoj ^ 


\f>Vj ÉÎÊ| 

gur kw sbdu kwtY koit krm ] (pMnw ÝÝåá) 


180 


f+'`{li ldaWgi dl>z ug dvts[ hV dw dl,t Ziq dwl[ wiq~wJc 

} Vhk q>Vsj m dHh w[rv W?dLL $a[ IwgV i,tsj h{ m epiP biuV s[r 

ug sj Wl.a ije dry `piqjV h{ dw lF wiq~wJc@ ilqJ~igaJ a'G 

RpKa[ W?dLL q>eSj h{ ^ 

sgl Drm mih aUqm Drm ] 

krm krqUiq kY aUpir krm ] (pMnw ÝÝäÞ) 

WCg FjrfPia BPw Wjihqjhj dry f>yq dfaj V[ ds,ag h{ dw dwia 

wiq wi w[ aJ le'G drA'Cj dfbj m d*fj hg q[v sj ngw ijh ]^ 

ikriq krm ky vICuVy kir ikrpw mylhu rwm ] (pMnw Ýßß) 

ba[ dxi wiq~wJc sj lhjij v{ drApCVj hg h{ m dwMdw dHl dry 

edSa h{@ dhljW h{@ v[tj h{ m qV sg a'C F.V h{ m wiq aJ le'G W.ZV 

sj Vjq h{ m epirjw h{ ^ 

kyqy bµDn jIA ky gurmuiK moK duAwr ] (pMnw âÞ) 

d*fj sg zjv zjvS vHg epiP b>es s[r ug V[ hpwq wgaj lg ^ 

ijnI nwmu iDAwieAw gey mskiq Gwil ] (pMnw Ýàâ) 

Vjqg fpiL dwl[ wiq sg Lwag } Vhk q>Vsj m l,yj fjdaLjh dul 

RpKfi dsbjv h' uJsj h{ dal sj Rph dq,ai WS uJsj h{ ba[ dq,ai 

WS w[ dal } bjfSj hpwq WpNj ds>sj h{ m hpwq WpNj w[ Rph Rpl a'G 

hpwq iujHg wiq wijMsj h{ m hpwq iujHg wiq wirj w[ Rpl } bjfS[ 

drt[ lqj v{Gsj h{ m dHM Rpl sj uVq qiV dq,B uJsj h{ ba[ dHM 

Rpl } l,yj dViWjS fs dqv uJsj h{ m dxi Rph dHw bwjv } A,c 

w[ sPu[ sg RpfjlVj dry Vhk v,esj m aJ hg a[ H[w.wji s[ RpfjLw bjq 

wiqJ ZiqJ dry t,ya Vhk hp.s[ m dH,Dw' l,Dy[ dl`da~ljvjh wiq epiqda 

Vjq s[ L{sjHg hg WS[ idh>s[ hV m dHM Vjq i.eJ dry i.egu[ ba[ i,Da[ 

h'dH dHl Frljei a'G fji Rpai uJs[ hV m lF a'G rjZ[ sg e,v dHh 

h{ dw bduh[ ugrV qpwa Vjq iaC[ epiqpt uVJ sj de+hlo dry idh 

w[ Vjq~ujf bdFbjl i.eJ dry qlapv qla idh>DdsbJ ugrV lxv 

h' uJsj h{ m 

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vHg u'sCgbJ wis[ idhSj yjhgsj h{ m dl,t } dViqjS idhS vHg 

dyajrVg ds,ag h{ ^ 

suix bwvry mqu jwxih pRBu mY pwieAw ] 

suix bwvry QIau ryxu ijnI pRBu iDAwieAw ] (pMnw ããã) 


aoj ^ 


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181 

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Apfg h{ m dHhg Vjq dVi.uVj@ Fr~ljei'G fji RpajiVhjij h{ m Ioj ^ 

iqn ky krm Drm kwrj siB pivqu hih 

jo bolih hir hir rwm nwmu hir swqy ] \f>Vj ÎÌÐ| 


\f>ujW BjHgq;@ 10~11!1999|

Vrk epispbjij lpZji vdhi sg v'C 

##dHhVJ spijyjig qh.aJ } aJ blk e,sgM vjh ds,aj h{@ f+>aP 

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dHh LWs epiP l.rji[ f>uJ dr,Dy'G dHw V[@ siWji ljdhW@ b>Ddq+ali 

fpujigbJ s[ wW;[ a[ QvW[ a'G bj;js h'S Wjbs wp.ugbJ xCs[ lq[G 

bjt[ lV m dHl lq[G Rpl bVpFrg f[LgVe'Hg sg l,yjHg ljc[ ljhqS[ h{ 

a[ ljij dl,t f>o Rpl lq[G sg h'Hg F'v uJ bSF'v Qvag } Wpig ai%J 

qdhlPl wi dihj h{ m sjl lqNsj h{ dw epiP w[ vjv sj wdhS sj Fjr 

dHh lg dw qh.aJ a[ fpujigbJ sj Wsv dHv{wLVJ ijhk epispbjij 

f+W.Zw wq[Bg sj ypdSbj ujSj LjdHs Whpaj ngw ljWa Vj h'r[ m sPli[ 

LWsJ dry r'BJ ijhk ypS[ eH[ f+W.Zw dHhVJ qh.aJ rie[ hg lpbjiog 

a[ spijyjig WS lws[ hV m 

wHg spLrjigbJ a[ LhgsgbJ Wjs dl,t w"q V[ dHdahjlw epispbji[ 

dHhVJ qh.aJ s[ f>u[ a'G bj;js wirjH[ m qh.aJ sg df,n $a[ ì.eg e'ig 

liwji lg m dHl vHg dHh vCjHg dli` qh.aJ s[ d?vj` hg Vhk lg@ 

le'G ajwari dl,t qjiP liwji Vjv rg ?jvlj B,wi v{ dihj lg m ?{i@ 

dl,t w"q sg bjfS[ epispbjdibJ vHg dfbji@ LiZj a[ l,yg ds=C%aj 

wjiV wjqIjWg f+jfa h'Hg a[ epispbjij b{wB 1925 s[ iPf dry vjeP 

h'dHbj m dHl b{wB bVplji bSr.c[ f>ujW s[ lji[ dHdahjlw 

epispbjdibJ sj f+W.Z r'BJ ijhk ypdSbj h'dHbj W'ic wiV v,ej dul 

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epispbjdibJ dry yvjHgbJ uj ihgbJ qVqag wpigagbJ sj bFjr 

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dlbjlg f,Dt'G berjHg wgag m lF a'G RpKaq w.q dl,t idha qiIjsj 

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w[ dl,t w"q sj qjie~siLV wgaj m dHhs[ Vjv w"q dHwqp,n h'Hg a[ 

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183 

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vHg wgag uj ihg us'udhs ì.egbJ s[ H[u.BJ h,Do'G epispbji[ bj;js 

h' ujS Rpfi.a b,DZg vCjHg du,ag eHg m w"q sg Wsdwlqag lqNSg 

yjhgsg h{ dw lq[G sg a'i Vjv wq[Bg s[ q{GWi ZdCbJ dry r.cgs[ eH[ m 

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w[ bjfSj RpKvP dl,Zj wgaj m xvliPf wHg ljZJ l.aJ s[ c[dibJ dry 

RphVJ sg bjfSg hg qiIjsj LpiP h' eHg m Vagu[ ru'G bwjv a?a 

ljdhW r,Dv'G f+rjdVa dl,t idha qiIjsj fPiV a"i $a[ vjeP Vj h' lwg m 

dliw,T L+'qSg wq[Bg s[ vgciJ V[ Zjidqw W"cg b{l!ug!fg!lg! } bjfS[ 

dlbjlg qV'ioJ vHg riaSj LpiP wi ds,aj m yjhgsj aJ dHh lg dw 

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fjiBgbJ sj h,on'wj WS w[ idh eHg h{ m 

srmu Drmu duie Cip Kloey kUVu iPrY prDwnu vy lwlo ] 

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sj dlaq x{v dihj h{ m r{lBiV qpvw a[ spVgbJ s[ h'i dl,t epispbjdibJ 

sj f+W.Zw dllBq rg dHhVJ hg vjHgVJ $a[ Fjr r'BJ ijhk ypdSbj 

ujS v,ej m Vaguj ljdibJ s[ ljhqS[ h{ m LjdHs hg IP!w[!@ w{V[cj@ 


184 


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dl,DB[ awigWV dH,Dw' duh[ hg hV m s'VJ ai%J s[ f+W.Zw bjfSg e,sg } 

lsgrg i,tS vHg ep.cjeisg sj lhjij v{Gs[ ih[ hV a[ hpS rg v{ ih[ 

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lpbjiog vgci rg lq[G sg liwji } dVr dVr lvjqJ wiV dry Z.VFje 

lqNs[ hV m xp,B s[ wjiV WjhivgbJ L{ajVg LwagbJ f>o } t[iP. t[iP. 

wiV vHg ;'i xCsgbJ uj ihgbJ hV m epispbjdibJ sg idha qiIjsj 

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bdawoVg Vj h'r[ u[ bjtJ epispbjdibJ dry rjfi ihgbJ qjCgbJ 

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epispbjdibJ sg fdr,aiaj a[ dl,tg } l,ygqp,yk epiqda $a[ 

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$a[ dryji wiV a'G fdhvJ epispbjij lpZji vdhi s[ wjiVJ $a[ Nja 

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dl>z ug u'L duhCj dw bjf dHl vdhi sj L+'qSg fjai lg@ bjfSg 

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b>ei[; liwji lq[G e,sgsji qh.a b`liJ s[ h,o~n'w[ a[ fjvaP 

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s[ blPvJ } davJuvg s[ yp,Dw[ lV m spijyjig@ Wswjig a[ 

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wjSg b,t wig i,Dt' ba[ epispbjdibJ } b>ei[; iju sg 

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epispbjdibJ dry lpZji wiV sg bjrj; RpnjRpS rjv[ dl,t 

} fpujig dz+Sj sg V;i Vjv r[ts[ lV m s[L l[rwJ s[ drip,Z 

b>ei[; ljqiju a'G WjQg a[ dl,tg a'G fdaa h'S s[ àr[ ds>s[ 

lV ba[ bt"ag bAPaJ s[ dl>z lu ujS $a[ bisjl[ Vhk lg 

wis[ m fPuj sj ZjV tj tj dHhVJ sg dl,tg bSt a[ Q{ia qp,w 

yp,wg lg ba[ dHh b>ei[; hjwqJ s[ fPiS Qpvjq WS yp,Dw[ lV m 



185 

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dwo[ idhSj h'dHbj m 

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s[ hjvja sj qpwjWvj wgdabJ h[n dvt[ dl,DB[ dVwvs[ hV ^ 

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h'H[ dvdtbj h{ ^ 

duRp qdibjsj dh>sPbJ eRP qjl btjup mm 

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lhpij zdi ujrjHgb{ fjSg qsijup mm 

lhj V tjHg yPhCj qjdHbj qphajup mm 


186 


duRp dqn{ qtg qi{ dalp h'dH bwjup mm 

daRp Ziqljv sg Njw h{ drhp t>cP fjup mm \rji 35@ fRpCg 12| 

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w[ v,esg h{ m 

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lqjZjV 

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liW,a ?jvlj 

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187 

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f+yjiw dllBq@ f+W.Zw dllBq a[ l.ea dHh da>V'G hg hi Ziq 

sg f+x,pvaj dry lhjHg hp.s[ hV m dHhVJ da>VJ } dVt[C w[ w"q sg Rpljig 

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a[ HgljHgbJ r,Dv'G wjqIjWg Vjv yvjH[ uj ih[ dHh' duh[ dqLVig wjvuJ 

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l.ea a[ f>ea RpKy[ dwisji a[ ugrV rjvg WS eHg@ lqN' ljcj f+W.Zw 

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Vr[G drdebjVw aigdwbJ Vjv dL>ejdibj ujr[ m 


\s[l f+s[l@ 29!11!91|

epiqpt r{i dri'Z dqBjr{ 

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ds,aj h{ m wi'Zg qV,pt a'G fi[% idhS vHg hpwq h{ ^ 

Enw pwis duAwis n iBtIAY ijn AMqir k®oDu cµfwl ] 

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duo[ wi'Z h{@ Rpo[ h'i WgqjigbJ rg bj c[i[ vjMsgbJ hV ^ 

wjqp *'Zp wjdHbj wRp ejv{ mm 

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Vjq h{ ^ 

eigWg esj hqjig mm 

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194 


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196 


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WQjra sj qp,T W.dV%bj@ duhCj RphVJ s[ RpKai~bdZwjigbJ V[ dViqv 

l'y ba[ ds=C%aj Vjv 230 ljvJ sg v.Wg us'udhs Vjv l.fPiS wgaj 

a[ bjfSg RpKqa } z'v ujig i,tS vHg wiC[ hpwq ujig wga[ m dHh 

drsi'h riS~r.c s[ d?vj` lg m dHl vHg o'C%[ v`;J dry q>}rjs 

sj fdiyI wijRpSj ;iPig h{ ^ 

W+jhqS'blI qptqjlgs WjhP ijuVI d*a 

RpiP r{L% d*a^ fsqFIq LPsi' bujIa m 

\Iupi r[s@ bdZbjdH 31@ q>a= 11| 

Fjr bio ^ W+jhqS HgLri s[ qP>h og@ ta=g WjhJ og@ r{LI f,BJ 

og ba[ LPsi f{iJ a'G Rpaf>V h'dHm 

bioja W+jhqS@ t,a=g@ r{LI ba[ LPsi dHh yji riS dHl ai%J 

f{sj h'dH m 

ba[ epljHg apvlg sjl ug dvts[ hV ^ 

l[rgb{ dWf+ debjV epShgVj m 

LPsi Vj l[rgb{ debjV f+WgVj m 

Fjr bio ^ W+jhqS bdebjVg hp.sj h'dHbj rg fPuS I'e h{ f+>aP 

LPsi debjVrjV hp.sj h'dHbj rg ldawji sj h,wsji Vhk m 

dHl ai%J sgbJ bV[wJ BPwJ dh>sP Ziq e+.oJ dr,Dy'G ds,agbJ uj 

lwsgbJ hV duhVJ a'G dl,Z hp.sj h{ dw W+jhqSg dryjiZjij bVplji 

blPvg a"i $a[ hi qVp,t WijWi Vhk hp.sj ba[ dHV%J dryjv[ lsj hg 



205 

VjWijWig idh>sg h{ m Rph uqJsiP hg VjWijWi hV m RphVJ dryjv[ ìw 

RpaVj hg h{ duaVj wp,Da[ a[ W.s[ dryjv[ m VjWijWig rjv[ lqju sg 

dliuVj } dh>sP Ziq~e+.oJ V[ f,wj wgaj@ duhCj lsj a'G ydvbj bj 

dihj h{ m dHl d?bjv sg fpLBg cjwBi b>W[swi dHl ai%J wisj h{ ^ 

dh>sP e+.o Zjidqw fplawJ hg Vhk hV le'G wj}V sgbJ dwajWJ 

hV u' Fjia s[ riS~r.c f+W.Z zCsgbJ hV ba[ i,W s[ Vjq 

$a[ f,wj wisgbJ hV m 

dl,t Ziq dry riS~r.c Wji[ FjHg wjV% dl>z ug VjFj epiqda 

qjia.c s[ f>Vj 501 RpKa[ dvts[ hV ^ 

dl,t Ziq dry ujda w[rv wiq bVplji h{@ uVq Vjv dHl 

sj w'Hg l.W.Z Vhk m u[ LPsi bjaq debjVg h' w[ Rpfs[L wisj 

h{ aJ Rph W+jhqS h{ m dHl sj drloji wis[ h'H[ dvts[ hV 

dw Fjia sg spisLj sj qp,t wjiV dHh h'dHbj dw 

uja~bdFqjVgbJ V[ lsjyji sg wsi Vj wi w[ ;ja sg qdhqj 

f+eB wgag m 

cjwBi FjHg u'Z dl>z ug V[ #riS bjLiq Ziq$ s[ dliv[t h[n 

dvdtbj h{ ^ 

dHw h'i dl,ZJa dul l.W.Zg fpijS[ Fjiag dy>awJ ba[ epiP VjVw 

s[r ug sj Whpa qa~F[s h{@ Rph riS bjLiq h{ m riSJ sg 

r.c r{dsw wjv a'G hg bji.F h' eHg lg m f+>aP Rpl lq[G riS 

WsvS sg rg tp,v% lg m wpN lqJ v.zS $a[ riS uVq a'G hg 

dVldya h'S v,e dfbj ba[ q>} ug V[ dHl dryji } f,wj 

wi ds,aj m epiP VjVw s[r ug V[ dwhj dw lF qVp,t dHw dVi.wji 

sg dliuSj hV m RphVJ dry RpKyj VgrJ w'Hg Vhk m 

dl,t w"q sj dl,Ddtbj li'a epiP e+.o ljdhW ug hV m hi dl,t } 

dHl dry siu WjSg qpajdWw bjfSg ugrV~e,cg yvjRpS sj hpwq 

h{ m hpwqJ sg fjvSj Vj wiV sj Fjr h{ dl,t Ziq a'G ?jiu m epiP biuV 

s[r ug V[ 1604 Hglrg dry epiP e+.o ldhW sg l.fjsVj wgag m 

epiP e+.o ljdhW dry 6 epiP ljdhWjV a'G dHvjrj Fjia s[ r,t~ 

r,t dHvjdwbJ@ ZiqJ@ dìdwbJ@ FjLjrJ@ l.fisjrJ Vjv l.W.Za 

fiqjaqj sg Rplada dry vgV 15 FeaJ@ 11 biLg F,BJ a[ epiP zi 

s[ dVwB f+[qgbJ sg WjSg lpFjdHqjV h{ m 

cjwBi ijZj d*LVV Fjia s[ ljWwj ijLBifag@ f+dl,Z 

d`vjlì a[ drsrjV V[ dHl e+.o sj bdZb{V wiV df,DA'G@ dHl qhjV 


206 


e+.o f+ag bjfSg LiZj bifa wiV lq[G bjdtbj lg ^ ##l+g epiP e+.o 

ljdhW lji[ fgiJ f{Q.WiJ sg duRPGsg ujesg bjrj; h{ m$$ dHl vHg 

riS~r.c Wji[ ds=LBgw'S ujSV vHg ljc[ vHg ;iPig h{ dw epiP e+.o 

ljdhW dry siu WjSg } dryjdibj a[ bqv dry dvbJsj ujr[ m dHl 

l.W.Zg dl,t dHdahjl a[ h'i drsrjVJ sgbJ dvtaJ sj rg lhjij dvbj 

uj lwsj h{ m dHh e,v dy,Bg Z,pf rJe l,y h{ dw epiP ljdhWjV V[ dl,t 

Ziq } w[rv dh>sP Ziq Vjv'G dVt[dCbj hg Vhk@ le'G bjfSj dVbjij 

Ziq blojfa wgaj ba[ dHl a'G r,cg bio FifPi e,v dHh h{ dw 

dl,t Ziq riS bjLiq a'C w[ blojfa wgaj m FjHg episjl ug dvts[ 

hV ^ 

yji[ f{i Ziq s[ yjdi riVp dHw riVp wijdHbj mm 

ijSj i.w WijWig f{ig frSj ude riajdHbj mm 


yjdi riV l.lji drdy tdh tdh qis[ Fidq Fijag mm 

dAb silV h'dH ridabj@ Wjih rjB RpyjB uqjag mm 

epiqpdt riV briV h'dH@ i.e lpi.e a.W'v lphjag mm 


dl,t Ziq s[ WjVg epiP VjVw fjdaLjh sj `piqjV h{ ^ 

xwC ujag xwCp VjRp mm lFVj ugbj dHwj AjRp mm \f>Vj 83| 

ujShp u'da V fPAhp ujag bje{ ujda V h[ mm \f>Vj 349| 

be{ ujda V u'ip h{ be{ ugRp Vr[ mm 

duV wg v[t{ fda fr{ y.e[ l[Hg w[dH mm \f>Vj 469| 

ujda uVqp Vh fPAgb{ ly zip v[hp WajdH mm 

lj ujda lj fda h{ u[h[ wiq wqjdH mm \f>Vj 1330| 

tvCg tfig vwCg yqCg dltj lPap Z'ag wgV©g mm 

aP. ljdhWp hRp lJeg a[ij f+Sr{ VjVwp ujda w{lg mm \f>Vj 358| 

epiP VjVw fjdaLjh V[ riS~r.c drip,Z dli` dvdtbj hg Vhk@ 

le'G bjfS[ bqvg ugrV ijhk wqjdHbj rg m qisjVj cP.q dqijlg lg@ 

fi epiP ljdhW sj a'C dVWjhpS rjvj lF a'G dfbjij dHw dq,ai lg m 

FjHg vjv' Vgrk uja dr,Dy'G lg@ f+>aP epiP ljdhW dHhsg wp,vg dry hg 

ndhis[ lV a[ uja~bdFqjVg qvw Fje' } qP>h Vhk vjdHbj m fiyji~ 

x[igbJ Fjr bjfSgbJ yji v.WgbJ RpsjlgbJ Wjbs wiajifpi 

\fjdwlajV| dry v.ei a[ f>ea sg dfia yjvP wgag@ duhCg dHl lq[G 

rg hi epispbji[ sg qiIjsj sj bap,B b>e h{ m epiP w[ v.ei dry hi[w 



207 

ujag sj W.sj F'uV fj lwsj h{ ba[ wpN lq[G vHg dWlijq rg wi 

lwsj h{ m epiP bqisjl ug V[ `piqjdHbj ^ 

jwiq kw grbu n krIAhu koeI ] 

bRhmu ibMdy so bRwhmxu hoeI ]1] 

jwiq kw grbu n kir mUrK gvwrw ] 

iesu grb qy clih bhuqu ivkwrw ]1]rhwau] 

cwry vrn AwKY sBu koeI ] 

bRhmu ibMd qy sB Epiq hoeI ]2] 

mwtI eyk sgl sµswrw ] 

bhu ibiD BWfy GVY kum@wrw ]3] (pMnw ÝÝÞã-Þä) 

bjfS[ Fjr } h'i lf,LB wiV vHg epiP ljdhW V[ hpwq wgaj 

dw u' w'Hg v.ei dry f+Ljsj Vhk Aw[ej@ Rpl } epiP s[ siLV Vhk 

h'Se[ m dHh e,vJ Rpl lq[G Zjidqw spVgbJ dry dWvwpv bV'tgbJ lV@ 

f+>aP bwWi WjsLjh Whpa f+Fjdra h'dHbj m dHdahjl erjhg Fisj h{ 

dw bwWi LdhVLjh a[ ijuj higfpi rie[ fhjCg iju[ V[ rg epiP ljdhW 

s[ v.ei dry QigWJ@ dl,tJ sg f>ea dry W{n w[ v.ei Adwbj ba[ 

epiP siLVJ s[ bdZwjig WS[ m epiP ijqsjl a[ epiP biuV s[r qhjiju 

V[ rg riS~r.c sg dri'Zaj wgag m hdiq>si ljdhW sg Vkh ljHk qgbJ 

qgi fjl'G itrjHg m ljigbJ ujagbJ s[ dHLVjV wiV vHg lJNj li'ri 

WSjdHbj m ##Rpfs[lp yhp riVj wRp ljNj$$ bjt w[ hdiq>si ljdhW s[ 

yji[ sirj;[ y"hJ ujaJ a[ y"hJ ZiqJ vHg t'v% ds,Da[ m 

?jvlj f+eB wi w[ riS~r.c s[ w`V dry bj?ig dw,v n'w ds,aj 

ba[ WijWiaj rjv[ lqju sj fiyq vdhij ds,aj m dHl fifjBg } 

f,DdwbJ wiV vHg b>Ddq+a sj WjBj dabji wi w[ fdhv[ f>u epiP 

dfbjdibJ } AwjdHbj m dHh f>u dfbji[ lV_dHw t,aig@ da>V LPsi 

a[ dHw u,B lg@ u' r{LI sg lF a'G h[nvg uja LPsiJ Vjv v,esg h{@ 

dHdahjl erjh h{ dw dl>zJ sg Whjsig s[ wjiVjq[ lpS w[ a[ b,tk s[t 

w[ fhjCg dh>sP ijdubJ V[ rg b>Ddq+afjV wiV vHg ldaepiP ug fjl 

W[Vag wgag@ fi Vgrk uja s[ v'wJ Vjv iv w[ Vhk m RphVJ qpajdWw 

RpKy ujag s[ h'S wiw[ RphVJ vHg b>Ddq+a sj WjBj rg r,tij Rpy[yj 

dabji h'Sj yjhgsj h{ m h.wjig h'Hg RpKy ujag sg iCw } qlv s[S 

vHg ljdhWJ V[ `piqjdHbj@ ##dHV eigW dl>zV w' sP. fjaLjhg mm H[h 

Ijs it[G hqjig epdibjHg mm$$ ba[ #i.zi[B[ epiP w[ W[B[$ bjt w[ dVrjdubj 

a[ h.wjig fhjCg ijdubJ sg r.eji } npwijdHbj m FjHg ugrV dl>z 

i.zi[B[ } bjfSgbJ `"uJ sj uiV{v ojdfbj m yqw"i sg eC%g dry 


208 


FjHg l.ea dl>z } uiV{vg W?Lg@ bjds RpsjhiSJ ljWa wisgbJ 

hV dw lji[ epiP ljdhWjV riS~r.c s[ w,BC dri'Zg lV a[ dHl 

VjWijWig rjv[ lqju } ?aq wiV vHg us'udhs wis[ ih[ m dHh dfia 

epiP ljdhW sg hIjag Wjbs rg yjvP ihg m lidh>s àdh h'S Wjbs 

FjHg Wgi dl>z } eriVi ojdfbj debj m u,lj dl>z bjhvPrjvgbj 

a[ u,lj dl>z ijqeC%gbj dl,t w"q s[ l.yjvw WS[ m dHh lji[ Whjsi 

I'Z[ sdva ujagbJ dr,Dy'G lV m 

qpVLg Qpvjq qphHgRpsgV qpajWw dHw lPhgbj b"i.e;[W } 

epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug sg b>Ddq+aZjig dl,tJ } ds,ag dl,Ddtbj `jilg dry 

dvt w[ F[usj h{@ dul sj f>ujWg bVprjs dHM h{ ^ lji[ b>Ddq+aZjig 

dl,t dHw qa ZjiV wi' ba[ fpijS[ ZiqJ s[ F[sJ } ?aq wi' m dh>sPbJ 

sgbJ yji[ ujaJ bjfS[ r,ti[ r,ti[ w.q A,c s[S m fPuj sj dH,Dw' iPf 

bjdtbj h{ dw dHw sPu[ s[ Fij WS' m w'Hg rg bjfS[ bjf } sPdubJ 

a'G RpKyj Vj lqN[ m sPdubJ rjla[ dz+Sj uJ dVijsig sj Fjr Vhk 

i,tSj m h' lwsj h{ dHh epiP ljdhW s[ FjLS s[ dDH>V dW>V LWs Vj 

h'S f+>aP dHl FjLS s[ a,a sg V[C[ s[ lqwjvg FjHg wpdHi dl>z 

bjfSg dvta dry alsgw wisj h{@ Rpl V[ dvdtbj h{ dw epiP ug 

V[ dwhj@ ##W{L LPsi H[ ujB bfjij mm ajw[ f>o qjdh q{ Zjij mm$$ epiP ug 

sj dqLV yji[ ujaJ } dHw wiVj lg m yji riS dHw WiV wijRP 

ba[ yapi WiV qdh w'RP b>Ddq+a Aw[@ Rph q[ij liPf h{ m b,u rg 

b>Ddq+afjV wiV lq[G b>Ddq+aZjig ?jvl[ } dHh dl,Ddtbj ds,ag uJsg h{ m 

##ldaepi w{ uVq{ erV dqBjdHbj mm$$ b,u a'G hi[w b>Ddq+aZjig dl>z 

dl>zSg sg dfAvg w'Hg uja Vhk ihg m Rph lF epiP e'dW>s dl>z 

s[ W,Dy[ a[ qjaj ljdhW w"i lF sg qjaj h{ m a[ Rph lF bV.sfpi s[ 

rjlg hV@ bjds m Fjr liW,a ?jvlj F{S Fij hV m lF sg uja riS 

dHw h{ m 

dh>sP Ziq dF>V dF>V d?bjvJ sj dqve'Fj h{ m lq[G qpajdWw sPli[ 

Ziq } hC,f wiV vHg Avjr[ sg ai%J iPf WsvS sg lqi,oj i,tsj 

h{ m dwl[ lq[G Wp,Z Ziq a[ u{V Ziq qhjV Ziq hp.s[ lV ba[ riS~r.c 

s[ w,BC dri'Zg lV m yjSwgbj Vgag bfSjb w[ dh>sP Ziq V[ hC,f 

wi vH[ m q>VSj hg fr[ej dw q}rjs dryjiZjij V[ hi w"q a[ hi 

q;%W } f+Fjdra wgaj h{ a[ bjfSj b>e WSjRpS vHg vejaji IaV 

wisj bj dihj h{ m dHlvjq qPiag fPuj sj w,BC dri'Zg lqdNbj uJsj 

h{@ f+>aP dh>sPrjs sj bli dHl $a[ dfbj lj` V;i bjMsj h{ m wWiJ@ 

qwWdibJ $a[ q[v[ v,es[@ q>VaJ q>VSgbJ bjds lF Wp,a fPuj hg aJ 



209 

h{ m dHl[ ai%J uja~fja sj bli rg qplvqjVJ dry f+yva h{ m dHl 

$a[ bvjqj dHwWjv V[ Whpa l'hSg dBfSg wgag h{ ^ 

I[h sgdV huj;g wj W[Wjw W[Cj@ 

Vj u[hp. q[G bBwj Vj l[hp. q[G ndhij m 

wgH[ fji dul V[ o[ lja'G lq>psi@ 

rdh cPWj shjV[ q[G e.ej w[ bj wi m 

dl,t vdhi dwMdw dh>sP dryjiZjij s[ RpvB lqju lpZji vdhi 

lg@ dHl vHg dHl Ziq } qp,DT'G hg ?aq wiV vHg wpdBv yjvJ sj 

ujv drAjdHbj uJsj dihj h{ m dHl f+ojdH df+>lgfv hiFuV dl>z V[ 

Whpa l'hSj dvdtbj h{ dw riV bjLiq \uja~fja| a[ wiq~wJc sg 

b>V%g w'ng dry W{nj W+jhqS dl,t qiIjsj } Vj ui ldwbj m qVp,t 

qVp,t dry lqjVaj sg rjfig dHl l,yg f+>aP av? hwgwa } q>VS 

a'G dHVwji wi ds,aj ba[ bduhj drBdibj dw b,u aw dwl[ Vj dwl[ 

T.e Vjv@ dwl[ Vj dwl[ iPf dry dHl dViqv f>o sg dri'Zaj wig 

uj dihj h{ m W+jhqSrjs s[ dl,t w"q $a[ f{ yp,Dw[ fiAjr[G } ?aq wiV 

vHg FjHg wjV% dl>z V[ hq dh>sP Vhk fplaw dvtg m dl,t lpZji vdhi@ 

epispbjij lpZji vdhi@ dl>z lFj vdhiJ y,vgbJ m drsrjV l^ njwpi 

dl>z l.Zjrjvgbj@ debjVg ds,a dl>z ug@ f+'`{li epiqpt dl>z ug ba[ 

l^ urjhi dl>z ug sg zjvSj dHl f+ojdH LvjzjI'e h{ m f+s[lg 

Wp,ZgugrgbJ V[ rg dHhsg f+'C%aj wgag m dqlBi cg! f{Bfg u' b>ei[;g 

iju lq[G ?p`gbj drFje sj qptg lg@ bjfSg dif'iB dqag 11 bela 

1901 \V{LVv bjiwjdHr;| Vrk ds,vg@ dry dvtsj h{ dw dh>sP qa 

s[ bVpbjHg hq[Lj a'G hg dl,t qa } w{igbJ b,tJ Vjv s[ts[ bjH[ hV 

dwMdw dHl s[ epiP ljdhWjV V[ fPiV lxvaj ldha W+jhqSrjs $a[ 

bjZjdia APaAja sj FifPi dri'Z wgaj lg m dHl wjiV dh>sPbJ sg 

hq[Lj a'G hg dHh w'dLL ihg h{ dw dl,t lisjiJ s[ W,DdybJ } t>c[ sg 

fjhpv fjV wiV a'G i'dwbj ujr[ ba[ r,Z a'G r,Z dl,tJ } bjfS[ q;%Wg 

bwgdsbJ a'G a'dCbj ujr[ m dh>sP qa LwagLjvg Wp,Z qa } aJ fdhvJ 

hg dVev yp,wj h{ ba[ hpS dHl V[ dl,t qa sgbJ l`J dry rg wHg 

ojHk sijCJ fj ds,agbJ hV m 

dHl[ hg a"tv[ r,l bjaq ljdH>l B=,lB rv'G dceLHg drt[ 21 a[ 

22 la.Wi 1968 } dl,t dVldybJ s[ b?WjiJ a[ iljdvbJ s[ l.fjswJ 

s[ WpvjH[ l.q[vV drt[ firjS h'H[ qa[ sg Vwv fjnwJ sg ujSwjig 

vHg h[nJ dvt dihj hJ ^ 

\R| dHh l.q[vV bVpFr wisj h{ dw dl,t Ziq a[ dl,t lqju@ 


210 


dul sg WpdVbjs uja~fja a[ APa~Aja a'G Vj dli` RpKyg hg ] Wvdw 

dHhVJ dWqjigbJ } ?aq wiV vHg i,tg eHg lg@ b,u Rph dHl blPv 

} Fp,v w[ dxi RphVJ hg dWqjigbJ sj dLwji h' dihj h{ m dHh l.q[vV 

lqPh dl,t l.lojrJ@ f>ow drbwagbJ@ dl,t f+yjiwJ a[ f,aiwjiJ sj 

dZbjV f>o } zpS rJe tj ih[ dHl i'e r,v dsrj w[ lpNjRp ds>sj h{ 

dw dwl[ rg wjiu lq[G uja~fja a[ APa~Aja sj drawij Vj i,Ddtbj 

ujdHbj wi[ ba[ duo'G aw h' lw[@ dwl[ drbwag s[ Vjq Vjv Rpl sg 

uja~e'a sg ria'G Vj wgag ujr[ m 

13 uPV 1936 } riS~r.c s[ w'hC } ?aq wiV vHg dl,tJ 

s[ liW'aq l+g bwjv a?a ljdhW a'G hpwqjVjqj ujig h'dHbj m Vwv 

hj;i h{ ^ 

O rjdhepiP ug wg xadh 

lda l+g bwjv 

lda l+g bwjv 

l+g bwjv lhjdH 

hpwqVjqj 

liWa ?jvlj ba[ epispbjdibJ s[ l[rjsjiJ f+ag l+g bwjv a?a 

ljdhW sj hpwq h{ u' b>Ddq+aZjig f+jSg qja= Vjv l.ea f>ea dry dH,Dw' 

duhj drhji wiVj h{@ dfAvg uja Vhk fpASg@ Fiq Vhk wiVj m dHh' 

hg epiP sg bjdebj h{ m u' dli dVrjH[ej@ epiP ug Rpl sg WhpCg wiVe[ m 

q'hi 

s[e a[e xadh Vplia W[si.e 

\l+g bwjv lhjdH| 

Ijà b; VjVw epiP e'dW>s dl>z 

bwjv a?a ljdhW b>Ddq+ali 

dqag 32 u[n@ l.qa 467 \VjVw Ljhg| 

13 uPV l.V 1936 

hpwqVjqj ujig h'S s[ WjruPs rg uja~dWijsig dl,tJ dry 

y,vsg ihg m dHl sj t>cV wiV vHg f>u dl>z ljdhWjV uo[sji d*fjv 

dl>z@ uo[sji hiyiV dl>z qhjv'G@ uo[sji v,tj dl>z@ FjHg ljdhW h{Kc 

e+.og siWji ljdhW a[ FjHg f+gaq dl>z h{Kc e+.og bwjv a?a ljdhW 

V[ 5 bf+{v@ 1985 } qgdB>e wi w[ h[n dvdtbj dWbjV 28 bf+{v@ 

1985 } buga b?Wji uv.Zi dry AfjdHbj m 



211 

lqPh dl,t l.eaJ bjfS[ VjrJ b,De[ uja~dWijsig uJ e'ai Vj 

dvtS dwMdw bduhj wiVj dl,t idha qiIjsj s[ RpvB qVqda a[ 

dl,tJ dry xp,B fjRpS s[ ap,v h{ m 

qgdB>e df,DA'G dl>z ljdhWjV V[ dwhj dw WPBj dl>z } dl,tg a'G ?jiu 

wiV s[ qjqv[ } uja~dWijsig Vjv u'dCbj uj dihj h{@ dHh ngw 

Vhk m dHl a'G lF } y"wl idhSj yjhgsj h{ dwMdw dl,t dwl[ uja~ 

dWijsig dry drLrjl Vhk i,tsj m 

dHl b{vjVVjq[ $a[ dB,fSg widsbJ df+>^ hdiFuV dl>z V[ Whpa 

l'hSj dvdtbj h{ dw qpWjiw h{ dw dl>z ljdhWjV V[ dl,tJ dry dsV' 

dsV r,Z ihg uja~fja sg dWqjig s[ w'hC r,v dZbjV ds,aj h{ m r[tS 

rjvg e,v h{ dw dl,t dHl r,Z ih[ w'hC sg i'wojq vHg dl>z ljdhWjV 

s[ hpwq sg fjvVj wis[ hV uJ br,Ddebj wi w[ epiP a'G W[qpt hp.s[ 

hV m 

dl,t uea } q[ig ldVqi dWV{ h{ dw epiP hpwqJ } q>Vs[ h'H[ bjfSj 

dV,ug ugrV epiP qiIjsj bVplji TjvgH[ m 


\l.a dlfjhg@ ìrig 1993|

dV,u f>o yvjdHY tjvlj Zdi a[u wijij 

drljtg rjv[ dsV ?jvlj ljuS sg dHdahjlw zBVj Fjr[G Vrk 

a[ bV'tg lg@ fi.aP dHh byjVw Vhk lg m vajCg@ fAjCg a[ ;pvq 

ldh>sg Fjiag w"q } VrJ ?jvlHg iPf s[S dry sl epiP ljdhWjV sg 

s{rg berjHg dry s' l" V"G ljvJ sgbJ dVi.ai zjvSJ sj lswj 1699 

sg drljtg } ?jvlj f>o sg dliuVj sj lpfVj ljwji h'dHbj m ?jvl[ 

sg dliuVj sj qV'io epiP w[ dl,tJ } s{rg qVp,tg epSJ Vjv FPLa wi 

w[ fPiV qVp,t WSjRpSj lg m duo[ ?jvlj f>u~wwjig idha sj ZjiVg 

h' w[ dabji~Wi~dabji dlfjhg~lPiqj WdSbj@ Rpo[ Rph Vjq WjSg sg 

wqjHg Vjv liLji h' w[ fPiV l.a h' dVWdCbj m ?jvl[ sg a[Q qV,pt 

qjai sg dH,;a ba[ bSt sg ;qjVa sj dy>V% h{ fi dHl } a.e wiV 

rjdvbJ vHg dHh wjv sj iPf rg h{ m 

1699 drljtg rjv[ dsV dl,tJ s[ dHijs[ sg fit wiV vHg duhCj 

fiyj epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ fjdHbj lg@ Rph fiyj epiP VjVw fjdaLjh 

dabji wi eH[ lV m ljdhWJ V[ `piqjdHbj ^ 


dlip Zdi avg evg q[ig bjRp mm \f>Vj ÉÌÉÊ| 

ba[ f>urk u'da epiP biuV fjdaLjh V[ c.w[ sg y'B $a[ dl,tJ } 

r.ejdibj ^ 

fdhvj qiSp wWPdv ugrS wg Adc bjl mm 

h'hp lFVj wg i[Spwj aRp bjRp hqji{ fjdl mm \f>Vj 1102| 

f+dl,Z b>ei[; dHdahjlwji wdV>zq a[ dH>sP FPLS V[ Rpfi dvt[ 

d?bjv sg fpLBg bjfSgbJ fplawJ dry wgag h{ m lf,LB h{ dw dl,t 

Ziq s[ WjVg epiP VjVw s[r ug hV@ fi.aP RphVJ s[ yvjH[ f+'eijq 

} slr[G fjdaLjh V[ bj?ig iPf ds,aj m epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ epie,sg 

epiP e+.o ljdhW ug } ds,ag@ dul sj l.w[a epiP VjVw fjdaLjh a[ h'i 

epiP ljdhWjV fdhv'G hg s[ eH[ lV m dur[G dw ^ 

lWs epiP lpida ZpdV y[vj mm \f>Vj ÑÌË| 


dV,u f>o yvjdHY tjvlj Zdi a[u wijij 

213 

ba[ y"og fjdaLjhg epiP ijqsjl ug sj VB sgbJ bLBfsgbJ dry 

woV h{ ^ 



epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug s[ lq[G ;pvq h,s W.V[ B,f yp,Ddwbj lg m Wjhi'G 

ZjCrgbJ s[ hqv[ bjq duhg e,v WS yp,wg lg m dh>sPbJ V[ Qpvjqg sj 

uPvj ?pLg ?pLg bjfS[ ev dry fj dvbj lg m qpvw sg ailI'e hjva 

} qp,t i,tdsbJ slr[G fjdaLjh V[ Wgi~ilg ?jvlj t>c[ sg Zji dr,Dy'G 

f{sj wgaj m t>c[ sj b>Ddq+a Aw w[ ?jvl[ V[ dyCgbJ a'G Wj;J sj iPf 

Zji dvbj m spLqV } l'ZS vHg ##lrj vjt l[ H[w vCjRPG!!!$$ epiP ljdhW 

s[ hpwq } fPij wi dstjdHbj m qigbv a[ dVfp>lw h'Hg w"q V[ I'dZbJ 

a[ lPiWgiJ sj iPf Zji w[ r{igbJ s[ zpidVbJ dry W{n[ L[iJ } uj 

vvwjdibj m q,lj i.zC duh[ h.wjig@ LijWg@ wWjWg ba[ bjwC?jV 

`"usji sj l+g hdiq>si ljdhW b>si i.e~ivgbJ qjSs[ }@ `"uJ s[ l?a 

fdhdibJ } ygis[ h'dHbJ Rpl sj dli wvq wi v{ ujSj dl>zJ sg 

Whjsig sg dHw bsp,ag dqljv h{ m 

t>cj s' yg;J sj lPyw h{_q"a a[ Lwag m t>c[ sg Zji dHl e,v 

sg rg lPyw h{ dw ?jvlj ug@ u[wi aplk dVi'v ?jvlHg ugrV ugRpSj 

h{ aJ q"a dwl[ lq[G rg r.eji lwsg h{ m d;>seg sj Fjr h{ q"a sg 

dabjig ba[ q"a sj qavW ] Vr[G ugrV sj bji.F m epiP fjdaLjh 

V[ bjfS[ ?jvl[ } d;>seg a[ q"a sj b>ai lqNj w[ l.a dlfjhg WSj 

ds,aj ba[ dViFRp a[ dVir{i idhS sg epC%ag s[ w[ q;vPqJ sg i,Ddtbj 

a[ spLBJ sj Vjl wiV vHg dabji wgaj ^ 

?jvlj q[i' iPf h{ ?jl mm ?jvl qdh h" wi" dVrjl mm 

bjt w[ bjfS[ u{lj hg iPf ?jvl[ } s[ ds,aj m Fjr@ ?jvlj bjfS[ epiP 

s[ hpwqJ $a[ y,vsj h'dHbj dHw hg iPf h' uJsj h{ m epiP ljdhW V[ f>u 

dfbjdibJ } b>Ddq+a Awj w[@ ?jvlHg idha ds=C% wirj w[ bjf f>uJ 

a'G b>Ddq+afjV wi w[ f>u dfbjibJ } epiP sj iPf W?dLbj m dHl vHg 

epiP fjdaLjh s[ epSJ sj ZjiVg ?jvlj epiP btrjRpS sj h,w i,tsj 

h{ m epiP `piqjV h{ ^ 

ujea u'da uf{ dVl Wjlpi@ 

H[w dWVj qV V{w V bjV{ mm 

fPiV f+[q f+aga lu{ W+a@ 

e'i qCg qB FPv V qjV{ mm 


214 


agio sjV sdHbj af l.uq@ 

H[w dWVj Vdh H[w fAjV{ mm 

fPiV u'a ue{ zB q{ aW@ 

?jvl ajdh V?jvl ujV{ mm \lr,I[ fjdaLjhg 10rk| 

dHh blv dry epiP ?jvl[ sg hg drbjdtbj h{ m 

ldaepip q[ij qjdi ugrjv{ mm \f>Vj ÉÉÌÊ| 

lqi,o epiP ugr } qji w[ durjvS sg ajwa i,tsj h{ m wHg qjl 

s[ ylwjvP dvtjigbJ V[ bjfSg dV,u qa s[ bZgV hg dvt qjdibj dw 

epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ ?jvlj ljuS lq[G f>u W,wi[ NBwjRpS sj VjBw 

idybj@ f>+aP dHhVJ F,si fpiLJ V[ Rpl lq[G sg w'Hg erjhg uJ dwl[ dwlq 

sj lhg lWPa f[L Vhk wgaj m qV'~wvfa e,v dvt qjig m epiP VjVw_epiP 

e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ dl,tg } wqj w[ dl,tg ugrV $a[ y,vS sj Rpfs[L ds,aj m 

RphVJ V[ w'Hg e,v rg bjfS[ Rpfs[L s[ RpvB Vhk wgag m 

##ldaepip q[ij qjdi ugrjv{$$ epiP e+.o ljdhW dry b>Ddwa h{ m 

epiWjSg s[ bjL[ s[ RpvB l+g epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug Vjv dHh' duhg ljtg 

} u'CVj z'i fjf a[ qVqa h{ m #dl,tg$ hpwq wqjRpS rjvj Ziq h{ m 

duo[ epidl,t V[ f>u~wwjig idha } ds=C%aj Vjv ZjiV wiVj h{@ Rpo[ 

b>sivg idha@ Fjr Vjq~WjSg sg wqjHg wiVg rg vj;qg h{ m u[ 

epidl,t dV,a b>Ddq+a r[v[ RpKn w[ epiP s[ hpwq bVplji Vjq~WjSg wgiaV 

Vjv Vhk upCsj aJ Wjhi qptg idha dwl[ v[t[ Vhk m Rph aJ dVij ft>c 

hg h{ m dl,tJ f+ag `piqjV h{ ^ 

uW ve ?jvlj ih{ dVbjij mm aW ve a[u sgRp q{G ljij mm 

uW dHh eh[ dWfiV wg iga mm q{G V wi'G dHV wg f+aga mm 

b,u blJ epiP hpwqJ } drlji w[ Rph dWfiV igaJ bfSj vHgbJ 

hV duhVJ a'G epiP ljdhW V[ lj} h'dCbj lg m dHl sj `vliPf ?jvl[ 

} sPli[ sgbJ WhP~W[BgbJ sg f,a WyjRpS sg WujdH bjfSg f,a sj 

d`wi dfbj h'dHbj h{ m w"q sg f,e ipv ihg h{ m blk bjfSgbJ wjvgbJ 

wiaPaJ wjiV s[l~f+s[lJ dry WsVjq h' ih[ hJ ba[ epiqda ejcg 

ijh A,c w[ fec.cgbJ $a[ yC% w[ n[c[ tj ih[ hJ m ugF il@ yp.y debjV@ 

`{LV~f+lag dry QvajV a[ drL[~drwjiJ dry xl w[ Z,Dw[ tj ih[ hJ m 

bjY@ epiP hpwqJ } dryjigH[ ba[ epiP~hpwqJ sg wqjHg wigH[ m epiP 

hpwqJ $a[ y,vs[ h'dHbJ fpijaV epiP ?jvl[ rjvg fi.fij } lpiuga wigH[ 

ba[ l,y a[ Whjsig sg qPia h'S sj dxi a'G f,wj dHijsj wi vHgH[ m 


\lPij@ b>Ddq+ali@ qHg 1990|

liW'aq Ziq ?jvlj f>o 

##ugrV Fi ljZP l.a'G wg l.ea wg@ af ljZ[@ agio'G fi F=qS wgbj@ 

b>a q[G dHl dVly[ fi fhp.yj hP. dw u' wpA epiP zi q[G h{@ Rpl l[ Rpaq 

b"i w'Hg Vhk h{ m$$_c.cg lrjqg ug l+g ijq agio ug m lrjqg ug V[ 

bjfSg d;>seg s[ wHg shjdwbJ dry dh>sPbJ s[ Zjidqw e+.oJ sj WCg 

e.Fgiaj Vjv bdZb{V wgaj m drsrjV r[sJ s[ a[ dl>q+agbJ bjds 

LjlaiJ s[ debjV i,tS rjdvbJ sg l.ea wgag m dHl[ ai%J ljig Rpqi 

dh>sP agioJ a[ q>siJ sg Ijaij sj bjV.s rg qjSs[ ih[ m lrjqg ug s[ 

dl,t Ziq Wji[ dvt[ s' f{G`dvB dqvs[ hV m s'VJ dry hg l.t[f iPf dry 

dl,t Ziq a[ dh>sP Ziq Wji[ FifPi ujSwjig ds,ag eHg h{ m lqN' wp,Du[ 

dr,y lqp>si W.s wiV rjvg e,v h{ m dHw f{G`dvB #epiP e+.o ug$ a[ sPlij 

#?jvlj f>o$ Wji[ h{ m f+v'w lpZjiV a'G wpN ljv fdhvJ lrjqg ug V[ dl,t 

Ziq } bfVj dvbj lg m bjfSg fplaw dry dh>sP Ziq dabjeS a[ 

dl,t Ziq dry f+r[L wiV s[ wjiV l.t[f iPf dry ds,a[ hV m 

lrjqg ug dvts[ hV dw dh>sP Ziq uJ W+jhqS e+.oJ sj Ziq 

dh>sPbJ sj Ziq wh' uJ W+jhqS e+.oJ sj Ziq wh'@ dHw hg e,v h{ m 

r[s } fC%jRpS rjv[ sj Vjq W+jhqS h{ Ij lady,abV.s m W+hq } 

ujSV rjv[ sj Vjq W+jhqS h{& bioja W+jhqS sj Vjq drsrjV h{ m 

lrjqg ug l.ld*a s[ bjyjigbj@ r[sJ s[ debjaj@ RpfdVLsJ s[ 

drdtbjaj V[ r[sJa siLV Wji[ RpKy[ a[ cP.z[ debjV s[ drdLbJ RpKa[ 

c[T siuV dh>sg dry a[ dHaVgbJ hg l.ld*a dry fplawJ dvtgbJ 

hV m bjf ug sg dvta l.ld*a a[ dh>sg fplawJ sg dh>sP drsrjV 

q>cv r,Dv'G FifPi Lvjzj wgaj uj yp,wg h{ m 

bj?ig Rpqi dry lrjqg ug s[ ugrV dry b{lj fvBj bjdHbj@ 

dHM wh' dw bjadqw a"i $a[ epiP w[ hg dl,t WS eH[ m epiP debjV 

s[ f+Fjr wjiV RpV%J ip.ca qp>ca idhS rjvj r[l A,c w[ dl,tg liPf 

ZjiV wi dvbj lg a[ le'G bjyji a[ dryji wi w[ epiWjSg Vjv Ya 

f'a hg h' eH[ lV m 


216 

dl,t dh>sP Vhk 


l+g lrjqg ug V[ r[sJ a[ h'i dh>sP Ziq~e+.oJ ba[ l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW 

ug sj bdZb{V wi w[ dl,Z wgaj ] dw dl,t Ziq dHw bj;js a[ r,tij 

Ziq h{ m dl,tJ } w[ljZjig dh>sP bjtSj uJ dh>sPbJ dr,Dy'G bjH[ wi w[ 

dh>sP Ziq sj dHw dh,lj lqNSj r,cg qPitajHg h{ m lrjqg ug sg dvta 

qpajdWw dh>sP Ziq lr{~dri'Zg d?bjvJ sj dqve'Fj h{ m dHl s[ RpvB 

dl,t Ziq ##v'w lptgH[ a[ f+v'w lph[v[$$ sj dl,Zj a[ lpt{S qjie h{ m q>} 

dl>q+ag ba[ dh>sP LjlaiJ bVplji W+jhqS W+hqj s[ dli a'G f{sj h'dHbj 

s,l w[ Rpl } lqp,Dy[ lqju sj wiaj Ziaj q>DdVbj debj h{ m dHhVJ 

qpajdWw W+jhqS fPuSI'e h{@ Fjr[G qPit uJ wpwiqg hg dwM Vj h'r[ m 

Fea wWgi ug ìqjMs[ hV ^ 

jO qUµ bRwhmxu bRhmxI jwieAw ] 

qau Awn bwt kwhy nhI AwieAw ] (pMnw ßÞà) 

epiP VjVw fjdaLjh dHw drbwag sj W+jhqS s[ zi f{sj h'S 

$a[ drsrjV a[ fPuSI'e h'S s[ dl,ZJa sj t>cV wis[ hV m `piqjdHbj 

h{ ^ 

pMØifq pVih vKwxih vydu ] 

AMqir vsqu n jwxih Bydu ] (pMnw ßáá) 

Fjr r[sJ sj rwaj W+jhqSJ b>si'G t'tvj h{@ dwMdw Rph l,y 

a'G w'hJ sPi h{ ^ 

hV ^ 

uV[RP 

kwdI kUVu boil mlu Kwie ] 

bRwhmxu nwvY jIAw Gwie ] 

jogI jugiq n jwxY AMDu ] 

qIny EjwVy kw bµDu ] (pMnw ââÞ) 

blvg f>Ddca sg drL[Laj s,ls[ h'H[ epiP VjVw fjdaLjh `piqjMs[ 

chu vrnw kau dy aupdysu ] 

nwnk ausu pMØifq kau sdw Adysu ] (pMnw Þãà) 

lrjqg ijq agio ug s[ qpajdWw dh>sPbJ sj ljij Ziq hg uV[RP 

RpKa[ bjZjdia h{@ f+>aP dl,tJ sj Ziq uV[RP s[ RpvB h{ m dvts[ hV ^ 

##l.dZbj wiVg@ ejdHa=g sj ujf wiVj ba[ bSdeSa h'i wiq wiV 


217 

sg uV[RP Zjig W.s[ } hg bjdebj h{ m LPsi ba[ dHlaig ujag vHg 

uV[RP fjRpS sg drZg hg Vhk le'G qVjhg h{ m LPsi } da>VJ riSJ 

sg l[rj wiVg hg s,lg h'Hg h{ ba[ dHlaig ugdra fag sg l[rj wiVj 

ba[ qi[ h'H[ fag sg ;VjVg \drZrj| } w.sqPv tj w[ ligi } a.e 

wis[ h'H[ fag~fag sg i,B vejMs[ idhSj hg Ziq wiji ds,aj debj 

h{ m$$ dHl ai%J s[ spi~drrhji V[ lrjqg ug sg bjaqj } N.u'C w[ i,t 

ds,aj h{ ba[ epiP VjVw fjdaLjh s[ lPa s[ Zje[ Vjv WS[ uV[RP } 

Vj fjRpS s[ dl,ZJa } ngw q>DdVbj h{ m epiP VjVw fjdaLjh sj `piqjV 

]^ 

dieAw kpwh sµqoKu sUqu jqu gMFI squ vtu ] 

eyhu jnyaU jIA kw heI q pwfy Gqu ] 

nw eyhu qutY n mlu lgY nw eyhu jlY n jwie ] 

Dµnu su mwxs nwnkw jo gil cly pwie ] (pMnw àãÝ) 

dwMdw b{lj uV[RP Vj Bp,B lwsj h{ ba[ Vj dHh q{vj hp.sj h{ aoj Vj 

dHh lC lwsj h{ ba[ Vj dHh fpijSj hp.sj h{ m u' qVp,t b{lj uV[RP 

ZjiV wis[ hV@ Rph Z.V hV m 

dHlaig 

apvlg ijqjdHS bVplji e.rji@ b"ia@ LPsi ba[ fLP y"hJ sj c.cj 

fgi h{ m egaj bVplji dHh fjf sg uPVg hV m b"ia } lF Vjv'G 

bfdr,ai a[ zBgbj q>DdVbj debj h{ m W.s[ sj sgV dF=LB wiV rjvg 

bjt w[ spiwjdibj debj h{ m dHlaig s[ qjqv[ dry rg lrjqg ug epiP 

bjL[ s[ bVpIjHg hV m ##l' dwRp q>sj bjtgb{ duap u.qdh ijujV mm$$ 

epiqda hg dh>sP lqju r,Dv'G spiwjig a[ dvajCg h'Hg b"ia } lqju 

dry WjdH,;a qis WijWi bdZwji s[S sg hjqg h{ m lrjqg ug V[ dHl 

dl,ZJa qPhi[ dli NpwjdHbj h{ m 

LPsi 


dier[s ba[ h'i dh>sP LjlaiJ dry LPsiJ Wji[ Whpa zBgbj 

LWsjrvg riajRp wiV vHg dvdtbj debj h{ m RpsjhiS s[ a"i $a[ ^ 

1! LPsi } tjS vHg sdrdubJ sg uPn@ fdhVS vHg xB[ fpijS[ w,fC[ 

ba[ u[ RphVJ } b>V s[Sj h'r[ aJ dWvwpv zBgbj b>V ds,aj 

ujr[ m wp,DdabJ@ fdaaJ \LPsi| Vgy@ fjfg@ i'eg@ wjrJ a[ wgdCbJ 

} yg; s[Sg h'r[ aJ sPi'G hg lp,B ds,ag ujr[ m 


218 


2! dHh LPsi qpidsbJ s[ wfC[ vjh w[ fdhVS@ Bp,DB[ WiaVJ dry 

i'Bg tjS@ v'h[ s[ edhS[ fdhVS ba[ dHZi~RpZi df>cJ dry zp>qs[ 

dxiV m 

3! LPsi sg h,Ddabj wp,Da[ WijWi h{ m 

4! q>} dl>q+ag qpajdWw u[ LPsi@ w.q wi w[ ZV wqj vr[ aJ iju[ 

} yjhgsj h{ dw Rpl w'v'G ZV t'h w[ Rpl } s[L dVwjvj s[ s[r[ m 

H[o[ rg LPsi s[ qjqv[ Wji[ epiP VjVw fjdaLjh s[ d?bjvjaJ V[ 

lrjqg ug } q'h dvbj ^ 

Vgyj b>sdi Vgy ujda Vgyg hP bda Vgyp mm 

VjVwp daV w{ l.de ljop rdcbj dlRp dwbj igl mm 

duo{ Vgy lqjvgbdV dao{ Vsdi a[ig Wtlgl mm \f>Vj 15| 

FjRp Feda wdi Vgyp lsjH[ mm aRp VjVw q't>aip fjH[ mm \f>Vj 470| 

epiqda d`vjl`g dHl wjSg r.c sg e,u r,u w[ dri'Zaj wisg 

h{ ba[ ##Rpfs[lp yhp riVj wRp ljNj$$ q>VS vHg f+[isg h{ m bjfSg dHw 

dwajWyg dry lrjqg ug epiP e'dW>s dl>z fjdaLjh Wji[ dvts[ hV ^ 

##l+g epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ dHl f+wji s[ Whpa lji[ dHdahjl } fC% 

w[ dryjdibj dw W+jhqS } epiP WSj w[ ba[ Rpl s[ Ziq LjlaiJ } 

f+rjV wi w[ dh>sP ujda s[ ugRpGs[ idhS sg bjl i,tSg dVlxv h{ m 

dHl vHg epiP ug V[ dwlg rg drsrjV W+jhqS Vjv ldhqa Vj h' w[ 

W+jhqSJ s[ LjlaiJ s[ dWvwpv RpvB h' w[ W+jhqS bjds yji'G riSJ 

s[ drbwagbJ } dHw WjB[ dry b>Ddq+a AwjdHbj ba[ Rpfs[L ds,aj@ 

##H[w' ufp H[w' ljvjdh mm$$ Fjr s[rg s[rdabJ sg Feag } dabje w[ 

aoj r[s ba[ e+.oJ s[ wiq~wJcJ l.W.Zg dryji dabje w[ w[rv dHw 

fiqjaqj sg Feag wiV sj Rpfs[L ds=C% wirjdHbj m 

qPiag fPuj 

ihMdU mUly BUly AKutI jWhI ] 

nwrid kihAw is pUj krWhI ] 

AMØDy guµgy AMD AMDwru ] 

pwQru ly pUjih mugD gvwr ] 

Eih jw Awip fuby qum khw qrxhwru ] (pMnw ááâ) 

epiP VjVw V[ s,Ddlbj dw dh>sP aJ qp,T a'G hg FBw[ v'w hV@ u' 

fp,Dn[ y,vs[ hV m dur[G Vjis qpVg V[ dHhVJ } s,Ddlbj dw dHh Rplg ai%J 

f,oi fPuj wis[ bj ih[ hV m lrjqg ug V[ drb>e wis[ dvdtbj h{ dw 


219 

wvf[ Wp,aJ } bjfS[~bjfS[ bjyjigbJ s[ qaJ bVplji bV[wJ HgLriJ 

a[ qPiagbJ } fPuSj dh>sP Ziq h{ m dHl s[ RpvB f+DFP u' dViepS h{@ 

dVi.wji h{ ba[ drbjfw h{@ ##b{l[ ldaepi f+Ljds$$ uJ lda dy,a bV.s@ 

liPf } dHw f+[qLi q>VSj dl,t Ziq h{ m dh>sP Ziq blojVJ@ ?jl wiw[ 

RpCglj s[ ueVVjofpig@ FprV[Lri@ w'hVjiw s[ f+dl,Z q>DdsiJ dry 

urjV Rpqi sgbJ b"iaJ Vjv F'e dWvjl s[ w'wLjlaig bjlS dstjH[ 

eH[ dy,aiJ sj@ lrjqg ug V[ dh>sP Ziq } wjqrjLVj Rpa[dua wiV 

dh,a s'Lg ndhijdHbj h{ m lrjqg ug wdh>s[ hV dw bduh[ Ziq blojV 

dwl dwlq sg i"LVg s[Se[ ( wg bduh[ ijtLg blojVJ RpKa[ s[ra[ rjlj 

wis[ hV ( u[ RpKai hJ dry h{ aJ wg Rph s[ra[ whjRpS s[ h,wsji 

hV ( dHl ai%J dLr ug } diLgbJ sgbJ faVgbJ s[ wjq } Rpa[dua 

wiV s[@ Vj dvt[ a[ wh[ ujS rjv[ wjiVjq[ wis[ dstjdHbj debj h{ m 

ria i,tS[ 


A'cdh b>Vp widh fjt>c mm Vj l'hjedV Vj Ydh i.c mm \f>Vj 873| 

epiqda s[ qhJrjw sg RpKaqaj } lrjqg ug V[ q>DdVbj a[ Lvjzj 

wgag h{ m dh>sP Ziq dry f+yva wHg ai%J s[ ria i,tS@ Fp,Dt[ idh w[ 

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227 

dHh fplaw b>ei[;g dry h{ m 

Sikhism A Spiritual Failure by Harkdass Ajnabi, Publisher, 

Handy Prints Ltd. 25 Cross Green Lane Leeds LS9 8LJ. UK f>Vj 

81 $a[ dvtsj h{ ^ 

I burned the Siropaw and threw the ashes in the dirty 

dustbin, abusing the saint and rejecting his Siropaw 

practically and technically. 

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Vjv Fdibj b,e dry a[ dxi e.s[ clB dW>V dry lp,Bsj h{ m 

As I would look at the Photograph of Nanak. I would 

automatically think of Monkey and looking at photograph 

of Nand Singh a Bear. (Page 81) 

b,De[ dvtsj h{ ^ 

There are Hundred of such mistakes in Guru Granth to 

be discussed in the following pages, what level of intellect 

and understanding, judgement and forethought did all the 

People, the Gurus and Saints have? In my view they were 

all incomplete and hence the mistakes went unchecked in 

lack of knowledge and innocent ingnorance. (Page 83) 

Blasted spiritual failure as in the Sikh Guru themselves 

and all the Sikh Saints and devotees that are suffering the 

fate of spiritual ditch. It was all the fault of the technical 

mistakes in the writing of the Guru in Guru Granth. 

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u' dw f>si%rk lsg dry wWgi \ug| sj y[vj h'dHbj m 1469 dry vjh"i 

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u' dw uja~fja ba[ Wp,a fPuj a'G RpKfi lg ba[ bjfS[ spbjv[ s[ 

dHlvjqg Ziq a'G Whpa f+Fjdra lg m Rph d;bjsj i,W } ;,Di[ ;,Di[ dry 

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ijqsjl ug V[ b>Ddq+ali drt[ dHw fdr,ai avjW a[ q>si WSjdHbj 



229 

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s[ VJ Vjv bidfa h{ m fi dHh drLrjl wgaj uJsj h{ dw dHl dwajW 

spbjij r[dtbj uJsj h{ m$$ 

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sj drLv[LS wi w[ ngw dl,DB[ w,DT[ ujS m 

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LpiP wgag m wWgi f>og qjdlw f,ai s[ drL[L b>w V.Wi 7@ f>Vj 26 l.V 


230 


1970 dry dHl e,v sg fpLBg wgag eHg h{ dw epiP VjVw a[ wWgi 

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wjLg q[G hq f+eB h{@ ijqjV.s dyajH[ m 

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VjVw fjdaLjh s[ dqvjf a'G fdhvJ wWgi ug brajirjsg lV m dqljv 

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aoj ##bjl fjl zV apilg wj dWirj qjN WVj idl ejRPG i[ mm$$ \f>Vj 

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ug dHl lq[G brajirjsg lV@ dViepS liPf s[ bjLw epiP VjVw 

fjdaLjh sg LiV bjdHbJ hg h'H[ m epiP VjVw ljdhW drbwag Ij 

braji fPuj s[ w,BC dri'Zg lV ba[ dli` dVi.wji s[ RpfjLw lV m 

`piqjdHbj h{ ^ ##ljdhWp q[ij H[w' h{ mm H[w' h{ FjHg H[w' h{ mm$$ \f>Vj 350| 

ba[ ##H[wq H[w.wjip dVijvj mm bqip bu'Vg ujda V ujvj mm beq 

be'yip iPfp V i[dtbj mm t'ua t'ua zdB zdB s[dtbj mm$$ \f>Vj 838| 

dHdabjds m 

87 : 

Encyclopaedia of World Religion by G.T. Betney Page 246- 

The Sikhs of the Punjab owe their rise to Nanak, a 

follower of Kabir in the 15 th century born not far from 

Lahore in 1469. He became a Guru or teacher and his 

followers were termed Sikhs or disciples. He taught a 

religion free from caste and idolatry, having been largely 

influenced by the growing Mohamedanism around him, 

but he still remained more of a Pantheist than a 

Monotheist and the taught that God should be specially 

worshipped under the name of Hari, one of the titles of 

Vishnu. After his death there succeeded him a line of 

Gurus, who at first friendly developed great hostility to 

the Mohammedans and became largely military leaders. 

Their political history must be read else where. The fourth 

Guru Ramdas set up a lake temple in the sacred tank at 



231 

Amritsar, which became the headquarter of the Sikhs. The 

fifth Guru Arjan compiled the Ist sikh Bible largely from 

precepts of his predecessors. Gobind the tenth Guru 

compiled a second book of supplement, devised from of 

Baptism, imposed a vow not to worship idols, to bow to 

no one but Sikh Guru. And in many ways cemented the 

bonds of party war was made a religion duty, and while 

Gobind refused to name successor. As Guru, he created 

the Sikh Bible (or Granth) a permanent object of worship 

with the sahib. Henceforth it was to be their infallible 

guide whatever they asked it would show them. The Sikh 

Bible is written in the old Hindi Dialect, with a peculiar 

mode of writing, it declares the unity of God. But based 

on Pantheistic ideas, many of the names are of the 

supreme deity. It forbids image worship, but the way in 

which Granth itself is worshipped, dressed and decorated 

goes far to elevate it into an idol. Many ordinary Hindu 

superstitions are included in it such as, the belief in the 

sanctity of the cow, the vast number of transmigrations 

of souls and complete submission to the Guru. In recent 

years Sikh faith has very considerately retrograded 

forwards. Many Sikhs now adopted caste, wear the 

Brahmanical thread and observe Hindu festivals and 

ceremonies. There is notable temple of Gobind at Patna 

containing many remains of him. The temple at Amritsar 

is one of the most striking sights in India, it is dedicated 

to one God under his name Hari, but he is believed to be 

visibly represented by the sacred book. 

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232 


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233 

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h{ ^ 

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sBnw jIAw iekw Cwau ] (pMnw äß) 

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aoj ^ 

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234 


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s[ w[ w"q sg l[rj wiVg yjhgsg h{ m 


\f>ujW BjHgq;@ 31 bwaPWi@ 1991|

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a[ wjvj ljwj riegbJ dFbjVw zBVjrJ h' yp,wgbJ hV m h;jiJ 


236 


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;iPia Hgujs sg qJ h{ m lsgbJ a'G b;qjdHbj h'dHbj Vpl?j dl,tJ 

s[ w.q bjdHbj m wwjiJ sg bj;jsg wjdHq i,tS vHg aJ hi w'Hg aafi 

V;i bjMsj lg f+>aP WgCj bt>c wgiaVg u,Do[ V[ yp,Ddwbj m dHl l.loj 

Vjv upC[ dl>z a[ dl>zSgbJ idha qiIjsj dry d;bjsj w,BC lV 

dwMdw ljdhW l+g epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug sj bjs[L ##idha dfbjig qpN 

wRp dlt dfbjij Vjdh$$ ba[ ##idhSg ih[ l'Hg dlt q[ij$$ d;>seg s[ 

hi q'C $a[ Bp.Wsj lg m dHl vHg fgCj rg dHhVJ dl>zJ V[ d;bjsj qdhlPl 

wgag m ba[ b,De[ h' w[ ipwjrBJ Vjv vCV vHg lF a'G qphivg waji 

dry bj tC[ h'H[ m 

2 ìrig 1979 } bt>c wgiaVg u,Do[ V[ dHw h.ejqg qgdB>e wi 

w[ dl,t igvgul dl>Wv@ bt>c wgiaVg u,oj@ IP!w[! \Sikh Religious 

Symbols, Akhand Kirtani Jatha, U.K.| Vjq o,Dv[ dHw r,tij dr>e 

wjdHq wi w[ wwjiJ sg bj;jsg sj z'v bji.F wiV sj dWev ruj 

ds,aj m dVil.s[h fdhv wiV sj dlhij dHhVJ dl>zJ s[ dli hg h{ m sjl 

} dHl dr>e sj wVrgVi ojdfbj debj m bt>c wgiaVg uo[ sg QigW 

dVrjug hg h{ duhVJ V[ sjl } dHl qhjV l[rj vHg ojfCj ds,aj m 

dl,tg wwjiJ l.W.Zg fjH[ Fpv[dtbJ sj dVajij wi w[ dHo'G sg e'ig r,Dl'G 

sj Fi'lj du,aSj@ IP!w[! liwji r,Dv'G vjHgbJ fjW.sgbJ ?aq wij w[ 

WijWi s[ Ldhig h,w f+jfa wiV[@ spVgbJ s[ h'i qpvwJ dry dl,tg f+yji 

wiVj@ ?jl wiw[ dl,tg wwjiJ Wji[ fPig ujSwjig s[Sg a[ RphVJ sgbJ 

liwjiJ $a[ sWjb fj w[ b>Ddq+aZjig dl>z@ dl>zSgbJ $a[ v,egbJ 

fjW.sgbJ } ?aq wijRpSj@ c{vge[LVJ s[ iPf dry liwjig a[ Q{i~ 

liwjig bdZwjigbJ Vjv qpvjwjaJ wi w[ RphVJ } wVdrVl wiVj 

bjds wpN ?jl qp,Ds[ lV dul } dl,t divgul dl>Wv Vjqg uo[W.sg V[ 

bjfSg u,Ds'udhs sj dVLjVj dqdobj m 

IP!w[! sg l.ea V[ FifPi ldhI'e ds,aj m l! wiaji lpdi>si dl>z 

ug sg dHl f+ojdH l[rj Whpa LjvjzjI'e h{ m ?a'~dwajWa wiV sj 

auiWj dHl rgi sj wqjv sj lg duhCj dHl b"tg zCg w.q bjdHbj m 


252 


o'C%[ hg lq[G dry dHl uo[W.sg V[ q,vJ qjiVgbJ LpiP wi ds,agbJ m 

dH>ev{Gc sgbJ r,cgbJ fpvgBgwv fjiBgbJ ba[ yiyJ s[ r,Dc[ fjsigbJ 

aw fhp.y wi w[ wwjiJ Wji[ Fpv[dtbJ } ?aq wiV sj lxv IaV 

wgaj m 

lF a'G d;bjsj h"lvj a[ RpaLjh B'ig fjiBg r,Dv'G dqdvbj m Rpl 

lq[G B'ig fjiBg sg f+ZjV dqdl; qjiei[B o{yi lg m drloji Vjv 

6 bf+{v@ 1979 } dvtag iPf dry dl,t divgul dl>Wv fjiBg V[ 

bjfSgbJ q>eJ sj yjiB dHo'G sgbJ ljigbJ fpvgBgwv fjiBgbJ qPhi[ 

i,Ddtbj m 

dul wj wjiup daV hg wgbj qjSlp dwbj r[yjij ijq mm 

\f>Vj 784| 

dqdl; o{yi V[ api.a hg 11 bf+{v@ 1979 } B'ig fjiBg r,Dv'G 

dHw drL[L ?a sjl } dvdtbj dul ijhk dl,t Ziq s[ fPuj fjn wiV 

s[ bwgs[ s[ Vjv hg dl,tg wwjiJ $a[ v,eg fjW.sg } ?aq wijRpS sj 

IwgV dsrjdHbj m lji[ dl,t uea V[ r,cg du,a lqN w[ ?pLgbJ sj 

f+eBjrj wgaj m dHl ?a sgbJ wjfgbJ lji[ epispbjdibJ ba[ liwjig 

ba[ Q{i~liwjig sàiJ } z,vgbJ eHgbJ m dHl dHdahjlw dvta 

V[ dl>zJ sg lxvaj sj qp,T W.V% ds,aj m dHl vHg dqdl; o{yi a[ B'ig 

fjiBg Z.Vrjs s[ fjai hV m 

bt>c wgiaVg u,oj dHw f>ow uo[W.sg ;iPi h{@ f+>aP liW lJNj 

f>ow qlvj h'S wiw[ sPligbJ f>ow l.lojrJ sj ldhI'e v{Sj rg ;iPig 

lg m dHl d?bjv } qp,t i,t w[ 30~6~79 } IP!w[! Fi sgbJ awigWV 

ljigbJ dliw,T f>ow uo[W.sgbJ sj dHw dHdahjlw dHw,n dl>z lFj 

epispbjij lqil{B i'c Widq>zq drt[ WpvjdHbj debj m dHl qPrq{GB } 

h'i RpaLjdha wiV vHg u,Do[W.sgbJ s[ qptgbJ V[ bjfS[ bjfS[ lpNjb 

dHl qgdB>e dry i,Dt[ m cP.zg l'y dryji wiV Rpfi.a dl,t divgul dl>Wv@ 

bt>c wgiaVg u,oj@ IP!w[! } VrJ fpLjwj fj w[ VrJ Vjq dl,t divgul 

dl>Wv b{wLV wq[Bg dH>BiV{LVv IP!w[! \Sikh Religious Symbols 

Action Committee International U.K.| i,Ddtbj debj ba[ dHl fjiBg 

sj sjdHij h'i r,cj wiV dh,a sPlig uo[W.sgbJ s[ VpqjdH>DdsbJ } rg 

Ljdqv wgaj debj m VrgV Lwag a[ VrgV Wp,ZgugrgbJ s[ RpljiP lpNjrJ 

Vjv lug dHh l.loj q{sjV dry Rpaig m sjl } dxi yg` wVrgVi 

s[ a"i $a[ l[rj wiV vHg dHl f>ow dHw,n V[ hpwq wgaj m sjl Rpl 

lq[G a'G hg l[rj wisj bj dihj h{ m 

dHl Vrk WSg dl,t l.loj V[ slaji ba[ wwjiJ l.W.Zg wHg ì.BJ 



253 

$a[ bjfSgbJ wjirjHgbJ LpiP wi ds,agbJ dwMdw `{wBigbJ dry ba[ 

dWvdc>e Ijicl dry dl>zJ dl>zSgbJ } d*fjV a[ slajiZjig h'S 

wiw[ V"wigYG w,TS sgbJ ZqwgbJ bjq dqvSgbJ LpiP h' eHgbJ lV m 

dHo'G sg fpdvl d*fjVZjig dl>z/dl>zSg } yjiu wiV v,e fHg ba[ 

lwPvJ ba[ wjvuJ dry r,ti[ b>Ddq+aZjig W,DdybJ Vjv NeC[ Rpn tv'H[ m 

dqdl; o{yi sg dy,ng V[ qlv[ h,v wiV dry lhjdHaj aJ Whpa wgag 

f+>aP fPig wjqIjWg hp.sg V;i Vj bjr[ m Fjr[G l{GwC[ w[lJ sj dVfBjij 

dl,tg blPvJ qpbj`w wgaj uj yp,Ddwbj lg m 

sp,t Vjv dvtSj f{ dihj h{ dw dHl u,Ds'udhs dry dl,tJ sg 

Zjidqw dH>BiV{LVv f,Zi $a[ WSg wq[Bg S.G.P.C. b>Ddq+ali ba[ yg` 

?jvlj sgrjV V[ ljcgbJ W[VagbJ wiV s[ WjruPs rg dwl[ dwlq 

sg qss Vj wgag m Fjiag liwji rg aqjLj s[tsg ihg hjvJdw Fjiag 

drZjV bVplji b>Ddq+aZjig dl>z dl>zSgbJ sj d*fjVZjig h'Sj uVq 

h,w lqdNbj debj h{ m f>ujW liwji sj yg` qdVlBi rg awigWV 

dl,t hg hp.sj bj dihj h{ m Rpl V[ rg bjfS[ qP>h dry zp>eSgbJ hg fjHg 

i,tgbJ qaJ qP>h t'v%S $a[ Fjiag liwji r,Dv'G dìwjf+la h'S sj x,Bj 

Vj v,e ujr[ m h' lwsj h{ dHhVJ F,si fpiLJ sj d?bjv h'r[ dw dHh 

aJ dli` IP!w[! rjlg dl>zJ sj hg qlvj h{ f+>aP epiqda wl"Bg $a[ fidtbJ 

dViqPv ljWa hp.sj h{ m epiP sj dl,t dV,a bisjl wisj h{ ^ ##uhJ uhJ 

tjvlj ug ljdhW ahJ ahJ idAbj dibjdHa mm$$ ?{i@ IP!w[! sg dl,t l.ea 

V[ v,w W.V% w[ epiP bjli[ bjfSj z'v ujig i,Ddtbj m 

slaji a[ dl,tg wwjiJ l.W.Zg bj ihgbJ qpLdwvJ s[ h,v vHg 

6 Vr.Wi@ 1979 dW+dBL liwji s[ h'q bjd`l qdVlBi dBqPog i[;V 

a[ dHhVJ s[ lhjdHw dqlBi h{;vc"V@ fgBi b{cricu a[ dqlBi 

dxdBv Vjv dl,t divgul wq[Bg r,Dv'G b,n q{GWig c{vge[LV V[ F[B wgag m 

dHl c{vge[LV dry FjHg epiVjq dl>z@ FjHg ijq dl>z@ FjHg ueaji 

dl>z@ FjHg dL>ejij dl>z dVh.e@ FjHg W.aj dl>z@ FjHg ulr.a dl>z@ 

FjHg wiaji lpdi>si dl>z l{wBig BP sg yg` wVrgVi ba[ sjl qsV 

dl>z yg` wVrgVi Ljdqv h'H[ m qgdB>e awigWV dHw z>Bj y,vsg ihg m 

slaji a'G dHvjrj wwjiJ l.W.Zg@ ?jl wi hrjHg uhj; dry 

b>Ddq+aZjig dl>zJ/dl>zSgbJ sj d*fjV lq[a lì wiV Wji[ dryjiJ 

h'HgbJ m ldawjiI'e qdVlBi V[ ljcgbJ q>eJ } dZbjV Vjv lpdSbj 

a[ IwgV dsrjdHbj dw dHhVJ fjW.sgbJ } ?aq wiV vHg hi hgvj 

ridabj ujr[ej m dHh W{nw q{G lqNsj hJ@ Whpa lxv ihg m dHl qgdB>e 

sj igwjic q[i[ fjl q"uPs h{ m 


254 


IP!w[! dry wwjiJ sg@ ?jl wiw[ dlig ljdhW \d*fjV| sg bj;jsg 

f+jfa wiV Rpfi.a dl,t divgul dl>Wv b{wLV wq[Bg V[ hrjHg uhj;J 

dry b>Ddq+aZjig dl>zJ/dl>zSgbJ } d*fjV Rpaji w[ ldwRpdiBg lBj` 

s[ hrjv[ wiV vHg quWPi wga[ ujS l.W.Zg Fjia liwji $a[ dHo'G s[ 

hrjHg uhj;J s[ qdhwqj@ cgfjiBq{GB bj` Bi[c Vjv ijWaj wjdHq 

wgaj m IP!w[! sgbJ H[bif'iBJ $a[ w'Hg ?jl a.eg Vhk lg hp.sg@ dwMdw 

dHo'G sg liwji V[ d*fjV i,tS $a[ fjW.sg hBj vHg lg m dwa[ fp,A 

fCajv h'S $a[ dqdl; o{yi r,Dv'G dvt[ ?a sg wjfg dstj w[ w.q li 

uJsj lg a[ d*fjV lq[a hrjHg lì wiV sg bjdebj dqv uJsg 

lg m f+>aP Fjiag liwji sj dl,tJ Vjv ir,Hgbj qai[Hg qJ rjvj dihj 

duhCj b"wCJ tCgbJ wisj dihj m ds,vg s[ H[bif'iB s[ wiqyjig@ 

dl>zJ } t,uv~?pbji wiV sgbJ ljigbJ h,sJ B,f y,pDw[ lV m sjl } 

dHw r[iJ ds,vg H[bif'iB $a[ ldwRpdiBg lBj` h,Do'G W[h,s sptg h'Sj dfbj 

lg m wHg b{l[ w[l rg sjl s[ V'dBl dry dvbJs[ eH[ duhVJ } lpS 

w[ dsv w.W Rpnsj lg m ?{i@ dl>zJ V[ dsv Vhk A,Ddcbj a[ bjfSg 

u,Ds'udhs ujig i,tg m sjl Rpvgw[ f+'eijq qpajdWw dl,tJ s[ dHw 

c{vge[LV } Vjv v{ w[ 7 uVrig@ 1981 } debjVg ;{v dl>z } 

dqdvbj m debjVg ;{v dl>z Rpl lq[G h'q qdVlBi lg m dwl[ lq[G e+.og 

dl>z sg l[rj rg wi y,p,Dw[ lV m d*fjV s[ qlv[ } lqNs[ lV m f+>aP 

dH>sij eJZg sj NjCP~ Wisji h'S wiw[ d;>q[rjig v{S a'G waiJs[ lV m 

dHl vHg dH>sij eJZg Rpl lq[G sg f+jHgq qdVlBi ljhqS[ bjfSgbJ 

q>eJ i,tS sg f+[iVj ds,ag a[ sPli[ dsV qpvjwja wirjRpS sj f+W.Z 

rg wirj ds,aj m dq,Do[ lq[G sPli[ dsV dHl c{vge[LV sg F[B h'Hg m W{nw 

WC[ y.e[ qjh"v dry h'Hg m q>eJ sj yjiB bjfS[ fjl i,t w[ dH>sij 

eJZg V[ dryji wiV sj Fi'lj dsrjdHbj m dHl[ hg dsV cjdHi{wBi 

uViv ldwRpdiBg dlrv b{rgH[LV e"idq>B bj` dH>cgbj@ dVRP ds,vg 

Vjv qpvjwja h'Hg m dl,Bj wpN rg Vj dVwdvbj m qeiq,A s[ bJlP lji[ 

rhJs[ lV fi bjfS[ dli d;>q[rjig v{S } w'Hg rg dabji Vhk lg m 

Fjia liwji sg h,nZiqg wjiV f+rjlg dl,tJ $a[ hrjHg lì wiV 

v,DdebJ b"wCJ dry dsV~WdsV rjZj hp.sj debj@ duhCj dw hpS dltiJ 

APh dihj h{ m 

Fjiag liwji sj ir,Hgbj s[t w[ LjdHs dHo'G sg liwji rg df,DA[ 

h,o dt,yS v,e fHg lg m dl,t divgul dl>Wv b{wLV wq[Bg } dW+dBL 

H[bir[; v.cV r,Dv'G ?a V.Wi SCT981 (TT13) ajig? 14 bwaPWi@ 

1979 } dvdtbj dqdvbj m dHl dry wq[Bg } W[Vag wgag eHg lg 



255 

dw d*fjV sj ljdH; duhCg dw dl,t Ziq dry f+rjdVa q>Vg uJsg 

h{@ dvt w[ s,lS m h' lw[ aJ Rpl sj lw{Ky rg F[dubj ujr[ m 

7 Vr.Wi@ 1979 } hgoi' hrjHg b,Dc[ $a[ dqlBi fgBi W{ldrw 

\Mr. Peter Beswick Assistant to Security Controller| a[ Rpl s[ 

ljogbJ Vjv d*fjV sj ljHg; qpw,ii wiV l.W.Zg dHw drL[L W{nw 

h'Hg m ljc[ r,Dv'G l! wiaji lpdi>si dl>z@ FjHg W.aj dl>z@ FjHg dL>ejij 

dl>z a[ sjl \FjHg qsV dl>z| V[ dh,lj dvbj m A'Bg ejaij d*fjV fdhV 

w[ lì wiV sg W'ic V[ ldhqag f+eBjHg a[ fpLBg wiV vHg ?a dvtS 

sj IwgV dsrjdHbj m s' d*fjVJ 6 dH>y Wv[c ba[ 9 dH>y Wv[c sgbJ 

d*fjVJ ba[ lw{Ky bljc[ w'v'G v{ w[ i,t vH[ m dl,t divgul b{wLV 

wq[Bg sgbJ w'dLLJ } xv v,esj s[t w[ wHg bt"ag dl,t vgciJ s[ 

dT,ck fgCJ h'S v,e fHgbJ m dHw bt"ag vgci V[ W'ic fjl uj w[ 

ypQvg tjZg m bjfSg hRpq{ } f,n[ fjS vHg ejaij d*fjV sj ljHg; 

s' dH>y Wv[c dl,t Ziq dry f+rjdVa s,Ddlbj us dw fWvgdlBg qgcgbj 

dry WjiJ WjiJ dH>y@ Wv[c sgbJ ejaij d*fjVJ fj w[ `'B' 

dtyrjHgbJ m #b>V%j wg q>e[ s' b,tJ$ W'ic bj` Bi[c IP!w[! \Aviation| 

V[ V"G uJ A[ dH>y sg WujdH s' dH>y sg f+rjVeg s[Sj llaj l"sj lqN 

w[ bjfSj tdhCj ApcjRpS dry hg bjfSj Fvj lqdNbj m dHh e,v 

fpdvl lpfic{GB dqlBi vgrlvg V[ sjl } a[ l! wiaji lpdi>si dl>z 

} bjfS[ l'ilJ ijhk faj wi w[ s,lg m 

spVgbJ s[ hi qpvw dry dl,t bjfS[ ip;eji sg Fjv wjiV r,l 

yp,Dw[ hV m dHhVJ sj dVijvjfV h'S wiw[ q'iy[ rg v,De[ idh>s[ hV m 

wwjiJ l.W.Zg@ ?jl wiw[ dlig ljdhW a[ slaji l.W.Zg dHw,ng h'Hg 

lq,eig sg q>e bjMsg idh>sg h{ m auidWbJ FifPi `jHgv dHhVJ 

qldvbJ } Vdu,nS vHg Whpa lhjdHw h'Hg h{ a[ h' ihg h{ m fpijS[ 

dl>zJ } dHdahjlw u,Ds'udhs sj faj h{ f+>aP Vrk fgC%g } LjdHs Vj 

faj h'r[ m Vrk fgC%g hg blv w"q h{ m w"q sg yC%sg wvj } qp,t i,tdsbJ 

qgcgH[ sj lhjij dvbj debj h{ m w"q sgbJ W[CgbJ dry duo[ fjt>cg 

ljZJ V[ r,DB[ fjH[ hV@ Rpo[ ljc[ dl,t vgci rg epiqag ugrV sg zjB 

wjiV w"q sg uC%k a[v s[S dry upB[ h'H[ hV m bisjl h{ rjdhepiP 

f>o sg vju i,Dt[ ) 


\s[l f+s[l@ 22!12!1995|

dl,t Ziq a[ qgig~fgig sj dl,ZJa 

dl,t uea qgig~fgig s[ qjvw Z.V epiP hdie'dW>s ljdhW sj 400 

ljvj f+wjL dsrl LiZj FjrVj ldha WCg ZPqZjq Vjv qVj dihj 

h{ m dHl vHg 1995 sj ljv dl,t Ziq s[ bVpbjHgbJ vHg Whpa qh,aaj 

fPiw h{ m h{Kcriw bj` dl,t bjie[VjHg;[LV@ v.cV V[ RpKsq wiw[ 

2 upvjHg@ 1995 } qVjH[ uj ih[ dHl epifpiW l.W.Zg qgig~fgig s[ 

dl,ZJa $a[ dHw drL[L e'LBg wirjRpS sj `{lvj wgaj h{ m dHl lqjeq 

dry RpKy w'Bg s[ drsrjV qgig~fgig s[ dl,ZJa $a[ fiy[ fC%V vHg 

l,Ds[ uj ih[ hV m qpWjiw hV dHh' duh[ IaV dwMdw dHh lq[G sg fpwji 

h{ m dl,t Ziq s[ qp,Tv[ dl,ZJa qgig~fgig Wji[ Whpa Qva `dhqgbJ f{sj 

h' yp,wgbJ hV uJ f{sj wgagbJ uj ihgbJ hV m f>o~s'tgbJ V[ aJ 

bVh'SgbJ WdhlJ A[C w[ epiqag dl,ZJaJ } Zp.svj wiVj hg hp.sj h{ 

f+>aP ljc[ Vgq~hwgq f+yjiw dHl dl,ZJa } dVtji w[ spVgbJ ljhqS[ 

i,tS sg WujdH ##i'Bgbj wjidS fPidh ajv$$@ dry hg ip,DN[ h'H[ hV a[ 

w"q F.Wv~FPdlbJ s[ qjdHbj ujv dry xlsg a[ Zlsg h'Hg iljav 

sg cP.zg t,c dry dc,e ihg h{ m 

qgi ba[ fgi `jilg ;WjV s[ LWs hV m qgi sj bio h{ r,cj 

uegisji uJ WjsLjh ba[ fgi sj bio h{ Zjidqw bjeP uJ idhWi m 

l' qgig s[ Fjr bio h'H[ ugrV s[ lqp,Dy[ t[ai dry l[Z ba[ fgig s[ 

bio h'H[ Zjidqw t[ai dry bdZbjadqw berjHg m qgig fgig sg 

oJ Ziq a[ dlbjla s[ v`;J V[ q,v vHg ujfsg h{ m dwa[ dwa[ Ziq 

a[ ijuVgag s[ v`; qgig~fgig s[ Wsv ru'G rg lpSV dry bjMs[ 

hV m 

f,Aqg dryjiZjij dry ijuVgag s[ lqjV biow LWs f'dvdBwl 

h{ u' IPVjVg ZjaP fjdvl a'G dVwdvbj s,Ddlbj uJsj h{ m fv{B' lpwija 

a[ bilaP f'dvdBwl drL[ s[ q'Tg a[ uVq~sjaj lqN[ uJs[ hV m dHhVJ 

drsrjVJ V[ f'dvdBwl $a[ bjfS[ bjfS[ d?bjv fplawJ dry dvt 

w[ spVgbJ ljhqS[ i,Dt[ hV m IPVgridlBgbJ dry f'dvdBwl \ijuVgag| 



257 

dHw r,ti[ q;qPV s[ a"i $a[ fC%jdHbj uJsj h{ m drdsbjiogbJ RpKfi 

dvt[ drsrjVJ sgbJ dwajWJ fC%s[ a[ t'u wiw[ dceigbJ f+jfa wis[ 

hV m cjwBi w.rvuga dl>z s[ v`;J dry #?jvl[ sg ijuVgdaw 

dryjiZjij sj bjZji epiP ljdhWjV sj Ziq dy>aV hg h{ m dHh ngw 

h{ dw WpdVbjsg a"i $a[ epiP ljdhWjV lpwija@ fv{B' uJ bilaP sg ai%J 

w[rv ijuVgaw dy>aw Vhk lV ba[ Vj hg RphVJ V[ fv{B' sg igfWdvw 

uJ bilaP sg f'dvdBwl rJeP. w'Hg ijuVgaw e+.oJ sg dliuSj wgag m 

RphVJ V[ u' ugrV~ujy WjSg ba[ bjfS[ ugrV ijhk lj} ds,ag@ Rpl 

dry RphVJ V[ u' LWsjrvg ba[ dW>Wjrvg riag ba[ bjfS[ rwa 

sgbJ zBVjrJ f+ag dwdibjrJ dVIpwa wgagbJ@ RphVJ a'G blk ?jvl[ 

sg ijuVgaw dryjiZjij sj lhu[ hg bVpqjV vej lws[ hJ m dHh 

wdhSj dWvwpv aiwhgV h{ dw epiP ljdhWjV V[ dwZi[ ijuVgag bjds 

LWs Vhk ria[@ dHl vHg RphVJ sg w'Hg ijuVgaw dryjiZjij Vhk 

h{ m 

Whpa lji[ dl,t dHdahjlwjiJ bVplji qgig fgig s[ dl,ZJa s[ wiaj 

a[ f,wgbJ vghJ s[ fjRpS rjv[ epiP hdie'dW>s ljdhW hg lV m bjf sj 

bjeqV 19 uPV@ 1575@ l.qa 1652| } qjaj e.ej ug sg w,pDt'G epiP 

wg rcjvg drt[ h'dHbj m l+g epiP biuV s[r ug sg hsjdHa bVplji 

WjWj Wp,Tj ug V[ 25 qHg@ 1606 } Wjv hdie'dW>s ug } debjiJ wp 

ljv sg Rpqi dry epdibjHg sj davw vjdHbj m qgig fgig sgbJ s' 

avrjiJ fdhVjRpS s[ Vjv Vjv slaji ba[ wvQg rg lujHg m dHl 

ai%J epiP biuV s[r ug V[ hg hdie'dW>s sj VrJ iPf Zji dvbj fi 

Ziq yvjRpS borj ldybji qVp,t zCV sg u'e upeag Rphg fdhvg 

rjvg hg ihg m 

f>Ddu dfbjv[ f>u fgi Anqp fgip W{nj epip Fjig mm 

biuV wjdHbj fvdB w{ qPida hie'dW>s lrjig mm 


l{qdBw dl,ZJa bVplji l.ljiw ba[ iPhjVg LwagbJ a[ f>u fgi 

b,c b,c LwagbJ s[ qjvw hV m duo[ f>u LwagbJ Fjr f>u fgi dHw,Dn[ 

h' ujS@ ?psjr.s wigq sgbJ ljigbJ LwagbJ dHw,a= h' uJsgbJ hV@ 

f+>aP epiqda sj dHh dl,ZJa Vhk m epiqda bVplji bwjv fpit rjdhepiP 

dl+LBg sj wiaj a[ F.VS zCV sj lqi,o bjf hg h{ m ljigbJ LwagbJ 

Rpl sg qp,ng dry hV m qPv~q>ai dHl[ sg hg aJ drbjdtbj h{ m ?{i@ 

cjwBi e'fjv dl>z f+dl,Z dHdahjlwji a[ Wp,ZgrjV df+>lgfv sg Rpfi 


258 


dvtg dryjiZjij Vjv ldhqa Vhk m dvts[ hV ^ ##dHl[ f+l.e } sphijHg 

ujSj dw epiP hdie'dW>s ljdhW V[ qgig fgig sgbJ avrjiJ fdhVgbJ m 

dHl[ vHg Ziq a[ iju sj lpq[v wi eH[ lV m dHw bSdHdahjlw e,v 

h'r[eg@ u[ bduhj hg RphVJ sj Rps[L hp.sj aJ epiP hdiijH[ uJ epiP a[Q 

Whjsi@ dHo'G aw dw slr[G fjdaLjh sg ugrV~woj dry dwl[ rg 

dHdahjlwji V[ RphVJ s[ s' avrjiJ fdhVS sg woj Vhk dvtg m dHh 

dfia dwM W.s h' eHg@ w[rv dHw ldaepiP Vjv upC w[ m$$ Ijs i,tS 

rjvg e,v h{ dw cj! e'fjv dl>z ug wJeilg dryjiZjij s[ qjvw h'S 

wiw[ Fjia s[ r,Dc[ r,Dc[ bhpdsbJ $a[ dWijuqjV ih[ hV m 

s' d*fjVJ fdhVgbJ uJ Vj fdhVgbJ Wji[ lji[ dHdahjlwji 

LjdHs ws[ rg ldhqa Vj h'S dwMdw dHhVJ dr,y'G dHw rg q"w[ sj 

erjh Vhk m f+>aP qgig fgig dl,t Ziq sj qp,Tvj dl,ZJa h{@ dul sg 

fpLBg epiP fjdaLjhJ sg iyVj epiP e+.o ljdhW ug wis[ hV m LjdHs 

hg w'Hg VjVw Vjq~v[rj dHl dl,ZJa a'G qpVwi h'r[ m aoj ^ 

atda ijuj l' Wh{ du ata{ vjdHw h'Hg mm 

duVg lyp fAjdSbj lyp iju[ l[Hg mm 

H[dh FPfda iju[ V bjtgbdh sPu{ FjdH sptp h'Hg mm \f>Vj 1088| 

aoj ^ 

atda Wh{ ata{ wg vjdHw mm 

f>y lqjH[ epiqda fjdHw mm \f>Vj ÉÈËÑ| 

dVhw.Bw ijup Fp.dy aP epiqpdt lyp wqjHg mm 

ly{ atda W{nj dVbjRp wdi lal.eda q[dv dqvjHg mm 

\f>Vj 1087| 

dHl ai%J s[ bV[wJ hg epiP `piqjV hV duhVJ a'G qgig fgig dl,ZJa 

sg fpLBg hp.sg h{ m epiP VjVw fjdaLjh sg A[rk u'da V[ aJ dli` ;jvqJ 

} s.c s[S vHg hg qgig fgig s[ lpq[v s[ dl,ZJa $a[ bjfSg firjVeg 

sg q'hi vj w[ bjfS[ bVpbjHgbJ } tCeZjig WSV sg f+[iVj W?Lg m 

dHl[ dl,ZJa } qp,t i,tdsbJ epiP hdie'dW>s fjdaLjh V[ ujWiJ a[ 

ZjCrgbJ } l'ZS vHg t>cj tCwjdHbj m 

qgig fgig s[ lpq[v Wji[ wHg L.w[ a[ lpbjv ljc[ ljhqS[ bjMs[ 

hg idh>s[ hV m RphVJ sj lqjZjV wiVj rg ljcj ì; WSsj h{ m 

RpsjhiS s[ a"i $a[ ^ 

\R| wg Ziq a[ dlbjla dHw,Dn[ y,v lws[ hV ( 

\b| wg bjfSgbJ h,sJ dry lgqa idh w[ dHw sPli[ sg qss wi 

lws[ hV ( 



259 

\H| wg Ziq dlbjla sg Aai~AjdHbj h[n y,vSj ;iPig h{ ( uJ dHl 

s[ RpvB dlbjla sg Aai AjdHbj h[n Ziq ( 

\l| wg Ziq a[ dlbjla r,t r,t idh w[ bjf'~bjfSj Ziq dVWjh 

lws[ hV ( dHda bjds m qjlBi ajij dl>z ug f+dl,Z Zjidqw a[ 

dlbjlg vgci h'H[ hV m RphVJ V[ bjfS[ dHw v[t #Ziq ba[ 

f'dvdBwl r,t r,t dw dHw,Dn[ hg ($ dry dvdtbj lg ^ ##q{G dHh 

q>Vsj hJ dw Ziq a[ f'dvdBwl s[ s' r,t r,t Vjq h'H[ hg s,ls[ 

hV dw dHh dwl[ Vj dwl[ e,v dry r,ti[ ;iPig hV m ufpug ljdhW 

sj fjn wiVj Ziq h{@ f'dvdBwl Vhk m f+>aP ufpug ljdhW sj fjn 

wiV vHg oJ WSjRpSj@ Rpl oJ sg bj;jsg wjdHq wiVj ba[ 

Rpl sg bj;jsg wjdHq i,tS vHg vCVj f'dvdBwl WS uJsj 

h{ m dxi Ziq a[ f'dvdBwl } fPig ai%J r,t i,tSj w[rv dHw 

f'dvdBwl Tw"Glvj hg h{ m$$ dHdahjlw f,Dt'G dHh e,v ngw ujfsg 

h{ m dqljv s[ a"i $a[ epispbji[@ qlgaJ a[ q>si ba[ deiujzi 

fjn fPuj wiV vHg hg Rplji[ uJs[ hV fi RphVJ sg dh`j;a 

wiVj duo[ Ziq h{@ Rpo[ ijuVgag rg w.q wisg h{ m bWsjvg V[ 

Fjia $a[ wHg hqv[ wga[ lV m dh>sP q>siJ } ?PW vp,DdBbj a[ Tjh 

T[ig wgaj m dl,tJ s[ epispbji[ rg bWsjvg sg wi'fg sj dLwji 

h'S a'G Vj Wy lw[ m WjWj epiW?L dl>z ug a[ RphVJ s[ ljog 30 

h'i dl>zJ V[ hdobjiW.s h' w[ siWji ljdhW@ b>Ddq+ali sg i,Ddtbj 

wiV vHg ;jvqJ Vjv B,wi vHg a[ Lhgs h' eH[ m dHh' duh[ lq[G 

epispbjdibJ } dwdv%bJ sj iPf s[Sj duo[ Ziq h{@ Rpo[ ijuVgag 

sj dl,ZJa rg w.q wisj h{ m f+>aP sPli[ W.V[ Fjia s[ dh>sP ijdubJ 

V[ ajwa sj VJ dHla[qjv wiw[ bjfS[ evJ dry Qpvjqg sgbJ 

;.ugiJ fpbj vHgbJ@ Fjr ljij Fjia Qpvjq h' debj m 

qplvqjV rg Ziq a[ iju } dHw,nj lqNs[ hV a[ dHl RpKa[ bqv 

wiVj bjfS[ Z.V Fje lqNs[ hV m dwMdw RphVJ s[ r,Dc[ fgi h;ia 

qph.qs ljdhW V[ bjfS[ duMs[~ugb iju wgaj a[ qplvq WjsLjha 

sg WpdVbjs i,tg m dl,ZJaw a"i $a[ qplvqjV a[ dl,t dH,Dw' d?bjv s[ 

ujfs[ hV fi WpdVbjsg a"i $a[ ;qgV blqjV du>Vj ìw h{ m dqljvJ 

hj;i hV m qplvqjVg bwgsj h{ dli` q'qV Fjr qph.qs ljdhW $a[ 

IwgV i,tS rjvj WdhLaJ dry ujr[ej ba[ Wjwg lF wjì hV a[ 

ViwJ s[ Fjeg hV m wjìJ } vp,BSj@ qjiVj ba[ RphVJ sgbJ ZgbJ 

F{SJ } RpZjvSj bjds lrjW h{ ba[ wjìJ } dZ>e';'ig qplvqjV 


260 


WSjRpSj rg r,cj fp>V h{ m LjdHs dHl[ wiw[ hg qplvqjV hjwqJ V[ 

dh>sPbJ $a[ bwdh ;pvq wga[ m uWig lp.VaJ wi w[ qplvqjV WSjdHbj m 

epiqda d`vjl`g dHl s[ RpvB h{ m epiP wvQgZi fjdaLjh sj 

dHl f+ojdH woV h{ ^ 

dh>sP apiw w'RP ijxug dHqjq ljxg@ 

qjVl wg uja lW{ H[w{ fdhyjVW' mm!!! 

s[hij qlga l'Hg fPuj b" dVrju YHg@ 

qjVl lW{ H[w f{ bV[w w' F=qjRp h{ mm \bwjv Rplaa@ fj! 10| 

aoj ^ 

brdv bvh VPip RpfjdHbj wpsida w[ lF W.s[ mm 

H[w VPi a[ lFp uep Rpfdubj wRpV Fv[ w' q>s[ mm 

v'ej Fidq V FPvhp FjHg mm 

tjdvwp tvw tvw qdh tjdvwp fPdi idhY l+W nJHg mm 

\f>Vj 1349| 

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VjVw Vjq yC%sg wvj@ a[i[ FjS[ liW,a sj Fvj m 

epiP VjVw s[r ug sg x[ig lq[G wj;g qp,vJ dHw,Dn[ h' w[ us fp,AS 

v,De[ dw dh>sP y.ej h{ uJ qplvqjV aJ ##WjWj bjt[ hjugbj lpdF bqvj 

WjNhp s'V' i'Hg mm$$ \rji FjHg episjl ug| 

cjwBi e'fjv dl>z ug dHl[ f+l.e dry dHw h'i ue%j dvts[ hV 

dw u[ dwl[ iju sj w'Hg bjfSj Ziq h'r[ej aJ sPli[ Ziq rjdvbJ 

Vjv Whpa drawij h'r[ej m qpQvJ s[ iju dry dh>sPbJ sg Whp~deSag 

Vjv Whpa F{Cj lvPw wgaj debj lg m 

epiqag dl,ZJa 

iju sj liPf dwh' duhj h'r[ ( dHw fpitg iju \q'Vjiwg| h'r[ uJ 

Whpf,tg iju \bdilB'wi[lg| h'r[ uJ v'wa.aig \c{q'wi[lg| h'r[@ dHl Wji[ 

?jvlHg dryjiZjij ;'i Vhk ds>sg f+>aP Ziqg iju sg IjyVj epiqda 

sg agWi dH,Aj ihg h{ a[ ih[eg@ dul } hvgqg iju dwhj debj h{ m 

qhjijuj iSuga dl>z Ziqg ijuj ljWa h'dHbj m dHl s[ iju~wjv 

} dHw fpitg a[ dl,t iju rg bjdtbj uJsj h{ m cjwBi e'fjv dl>z 

s[ v`;J dry ^ ##qhjijuj iSuga dl>z sg bsp,ag L?lgba V[ 

b{Vj l{wpvi WSj ds,aj dw RphVJ sg dqljv dh>splajV s[ y'Sr[G 

LdhVLjhJ Vjv ds,ag uJsg h{_bL'w a[ bwWi Vjv m$$ blv wjiV 



261 

h{ dw qhjijuj iSuga dl>z V[ qgig fgig s[ epiqda dl,ZJa } f,Dv[ 

W.V% dvbj lg m dHl[ dl,ZJa sg v'b dry hwPqa wgag m Rphs[ iju 

dry dh>sP qplvqjV a[ dl,t bjfS[ epSJ a[ Whjsig wi w[ r,Dc[ r,Dc[ 

bdhvwji WS[ m lji[ ZiqJ s[ bVpbjHg ?pL lV a[ bjf'~bjfS[ ZiqJ 

a[ bwgdsbJ qpajdWw fjn fPuj a[ dHWjsa wis[ lV m dHh `?i rjvg 

e,v h{ dw qhjijuj iSuga dl>z s[ lq[G dwl[ dHw } rg xJlg Vhk 

lg ds,ag eHg m 

Fjia sj v'wa.aig iju spVgbJ dry lF a'G r,cj a[ RpKaq 

lqdNbj uJsj h{ ba[ r'BJ ijhk hwPqag qLgVig yvjRpS rjdvbJ sg 

y'S wgag uJsg h{ m Ziq dVif,taj sgbJ vjHgVJ $a[ dHl qpvw sj 

drZjV Rpvgdwbj debj s,Ddlbj uJsj h{@ f+>aP z,B~deSag w"qJ Vjv 

u' Wga ihg h{@ i,W hg ujSsj h{ m ljigbJ z,B~deSag rjvgbJ w"qJ 

bjfSj Ziq@ W'vg@ ldFbjyji a[ dHdahjlw irjdHaJ } WyjRpS vHg 

d`wiq>s hV m wpN wp dqljvJ fjnwJ sg debja vHg f[L hV ^ 

1! dl,t lF Vjv'G z,B deSag rjvg w"q Fjia dry r,lsg h{ m 

1947 dry qpvw bj;js h'S Wjbs RphVJ } dHw liwjig liwpvi 

ijhk uijdHq~f[Lj wiji ds,aj debj@ us dw bj;jsg s[ z'v dry 

dl,tJ V[ lF a'G r,Z wpiWjVgbJ wgagbJ m 

2! epispbjdibJ sj f+W.Z dl,t r'BJ ijhk 1952 a'G dh>splajV s[ 

wj}V qpajdWw wis[ bj ih[ hV m y'S L+'qSg epispbjij f+W.Zw wq[Bg@ 

b>Ddq+ali uJ ds,vg sg h'r[@ Fjia liwji sg ljig qLgVig bjfS[ h,o~ 

n'dwbJ } wjqIjW wiV vHg hiwa dry bj uJsg h{_Fjr dl,t Ziq 

s[ Zjidqw qldvbJ dry dr>e[~B[c[ aigdwbJ Vjv s?v~b>sj;g wgag 

uJsg h{ m 

3! uPV 1984 } dl,tJ s[ L+'qSg dHdahjlw epispbjij Fjiag `"uJ 

V[ Tjh T[ig wga[ ba[ dHLB epiP e+.o ljdhW sg e'vgbJ qji w[ W[bsWg 

wgag m h;jiJ dl,t rgiJ@ F{SJ a[ W,DdybJ sj wav[bjq epispbjdibJ 

sg hsPs b>si a[ Wjhi rg wgaj debj m dHl[ ai%J Vr.Wi 1984 } 

lji[ Fjia dry dl,tJ sj wav[bjq dh>sP dìwjf+la ep.dcbJ V[ dHw 

I'uVj qpajdWw wgaj m qpbjr;j uJ hqsisg sPi sg e,v ihg@ dl,tJ 

s[ u;Wja } l,B qjiV vHg ijugr eJZg V[ bjdtbj ^ #WC[ si,?a 

w[ deiV[ l[ Ziag wJfag h{ m$ dwl[ dHw wjav } rg l;j Vhk ds,ag 

eHg le'G r;gigbJ ai,wgbJ s[ w[ wjavJ } h,vjL[ig ds,ag eHg m sPli[ 

W.V[ Fpfjv dry ;dhigvg e{l s[ vgw h'S $a[ awigWV da>V h;ji dh>sP 

qi eH[ m Fjia sg v'w lFj dry L'w~qaj fjl wgaj debj a[ r,cgbJ 


262 


r,cgbJ iwqJ qpbjr;[ s[ iPf dry qiV rjdvbJ s[ rjilJ } ds,agbJ 

eHgbJ m 

4! qplvqjV rg WhpdeSag dh>sP ZiqgbJ sg wi'fg sj dLwji h' 

ih[ hV m RphVJ sgbJ dHdahjlw qlgaJ bIpdZbj a[ h'i wHg ojrJ 

$a[ Tjh T[ig wgagbJ eHgbJ m dli` qeiq,A s[ bJlP hg WhjH[ eH[ m 

s.c dwl[ } rg Vhk ds,aj debj m 

5! dHqjiaJ s[ RpszjBV $a[ lji[ liwjig lqji'h dh>sP ihp~igaJ 

bVplji hg hp.s[ hV m ws[ rg w'Hg wjiu uJ lqji'h dwl[ h'i Ziq qiIjsj 

qpajdWw hp.sj Vhk s[dtbj debj m w"qg aijVj W.s[ qjaiq@ spiej qjaj 

sg Rplaa dry dHw FuV h{ u' W.wq y.si y{Biug s[ Vjrv bV.s 

q,n dr,Dy'G dvbj debj h{ m 

6! higuV bAPaJ sg deSag Fjia dry awigWV wpv bjWjsg 

sj f>siJ f+agLa \15²| h{ m f+>aP dHhVJ QigWJ sg hjva uhVq s[ 

rl[W[ rieg h{ m dWhji ba[ RpCglj dry RpKy ujag s[ njwpiJ sj dHhVJ 

sgbJ WhP~W[BgbJ sj Wvjawji wiVj dHw ljZjiV Lpev lqdNbj 

uJsj h{ m dHl a'G dHvjrj df>cJ } xPw w[ aWjh wiVj dHw t[c h{ dwMdw 

qpVlx rg dHh ujWi v'w bjf hg hp.s[ hV m 

7! dh>sg@ dh>sP@ dh>splajV sgbJ bjrj;J Fjia s[ w'V[ w'V[ dr,Dy'G 

RpKn ihgbJ hV m Wjv njwi[ z,B~deSag rjv[ v'wJ } Li[bjq ZqwgbJ 

s[ ih[ hV@ fi Fjia sg w"qg liwji s[ w.Vk uP. Vhk liwsg m 

qp,wsg e,v@ qgig fgig sj dl,ZJa hg epiqag ijh ] a[ ljdibJ 

vHg wdvbjSwjig h{ m dHh' duh[ ijulg WSai Wji[ Fea idrsjl ug 

sj `piqjV l+g epiP e+.o ljdhW dry dHM siu h{ ^ 

W[eqfpij lhi w' VjRp mm 

sPtp b>s'hp Vhg dadh njRp mm 

VJ alrgl dtijup V qjvp mm 

tRpxp V taj V ailp urjvp mm 

bW q'dh tPW raV edh fjHg mm 

RPhJ t{di lsj q[i[ FjHg mm 

wjdHqp sjdHqp lsj fjdaljhg mm 

s'q V l[q H[w l' bjhg mm 

bjWjsjVp lsj qlhPi mm 

RPhJ eVg Wldh qjqPi mm \f>Vj ËÌÍ| 

Fjr Rph iju bduhj h'Sj yjhgsj h{ dul dry dwl[ } sp,t awvg` 

Vj ds,ag ujr[ m dwl[ } di;w sg dy>aj Vj h'r[ m fiuj } B{wlJ s[ 



263 

W'N o,Dv[ Vj wpydvbj ujr[ m bqgi~QigW s[ ìw sg sgrji Vj h'r[ 

ba[ fiuj hi dwlq s[ ci a'G qpwa h'r[ m 

wjL ) spVgbJ dl,t Ziq s[ #qgig~fgig$ s[ dl,ZJa } lqN lwsg@ 

dul dry ##Vj w' W{ig Vhg dWejVj lev l.de hq wRp WdV bjHg mm$$ 

\f>Vj 1299| sg dl,Ddtbj ds,ag uJsg h{ m 


\l.a dlfjhg@ uPV 1995|

dl,t w"q Vjv Z+'h 

bjfS[ epiP $a[ Fi'lj@ dlsw a[ drLrjl i,tS vHg dl,t Ziq dry 

dHw rji Vhk@ bV[wJ rji epiWjSg a[ FjHg episjl sgbJ rjiJ dry 

dvdtbj dqvsj h{ m dHl[ ai%J h'i ZiqJ s[ e+.oJ dry rg bjfS[ dHLB@ 

fgi f{Q.WiJ uJ epiPbJ $a[ Fi'lj i,tS vHg ;'i ds,aj debj h{ m fi 

dHl f+S } dVFjRpS vHg epidl,t bjfSg dV,a sg bisjl dry bjfS[ 

epiP fjl'G dl,tg sjV@ drljh sjV a[ Vjq sjV sg IjyVj wisj h{ m 

LjdHs dHl[ wiw[ dl,t w"q sj bjfS[ a[ dWejdVbJ $a[ drLrjl wiV 

sg bjsa hg WS eHg h{ m r{igbJ V[ wHg rji wlq tj w[ w"q } RphVJ 

s[ vgciJ ijhk drLrjl dsrjdHbj dw RphVJ Vjv dq,aiaj Fdibj 

lvPw wgaj ujr[ej@ fi uvsg hg o'C%[ lq[G Wjbs bjfSg wpBv a[ 

drLrjl zjaw Vgag bVplji c.e qjdibj uJsj dihj h{ m q;[sji e,v 

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rg FpvjdHbj Vj uj lw[ m qplvqjVJ V[ wpijV sgbJ a[ dh>sPbJ V[ qjaj 

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lsj vHg ?aq wiV vHg bjfSgbJ wlqJ dA,Dw[ B.e w[ Fp,Dt[ dahjH[ 

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W,DdybJ } epiP ljdhW s[ W+jhqS il'HgH[ V[ drLrjlzja wi w[ lih.s 

s[ qplvqjV VrjW s[ hrjv[ wgaj m `daheC% ljdhW@ duo[ b,u~w,v% 


265 

Whpa lp.si epispbjij h{@ dHl ue%j $a[ qjaj ug sg Lhjsa h'Hg m s' 

qjlPq W,DdybJ } d;>sj VghJ dry dySrj ds,aj debj m F.ejSg s[ Ip,Z 

dry dh>sP ijdubJ V[ qpQvJ Vjv iv w[ dl,t `"uJ $a[ hqvj wgaj m 

dHh ljigbJ drLrjlzja sgbJ hg dqljvJ hV m 

rghrk lsg sj dHdahjl 

#wJeil a[ dl,t$ $a[ dryji wgdabJ wHg a,o ljhqS[ bjMs[ hV m 

u[wi blk f>ujW sg dlbjla } dl,t dlbjla s[ spbjv[ zp>qsg bjt 

vHgH[ aJ bdawoVg Vhk m wJeil a[ dh>sP lFj dlbjlg fjiBgbJ a[ 

dHl[ ai%J qplvq vge fjiBg dwl[ Vj dwl[ iPf dry dl,tJ } bjfS[ 

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dry v{ w[ dxi c.e qjisgbJ rg ihgbJ@ dl,t vgci IwgV wis[ rg 

ih[ a[ fAajMs[ rg ih[ m 

1929 } bjv dH>cgbj wJeil wq[Bg sj dHuvjl WCg ZPq Zjq 

Vjv vjh"i ijrg s[ w.T[ h'dHbj m uvPl rg dVwdvbj m dHh wJeil sj 

dHw dHdahjlw lqjeq lg m dHl[ lqjeq dry wJeil V[ qpvw sg fPiV 

bj;jsg sj qaj fjl wgaj lg m Rpl lq[G f>ow lqjeq rg WjWj tCw 

dl>z sg f+ZjVeg dry h' dihj lg m Rpl lq[G v.cV s[ BjHgq; b?Wji 

V[ dB,fSg widsbJ dvdtbj lg ^ 

dHl uvPl sg LjV s[ ljhqS[ wJeil sg uvlg a[ uvPlg dx,wg 

f{ eHg ba[ wJeilgbJ V[ bjfSj dli Liq Vjv Npwj dvbj m 

sPli[ hg dsV dl,t w"q } n,eS vHg qhjaqj eJZg@ f>Ddca q'ag 

vjv VdhiP a[ f>Ddca urjhi vjv VdhiP V[ WjWj tCw dl>z s[ zi 

uj w[ vgciJ } IwgV dsrjdHbj lg dw w'Hg drZjV bduhj Vhk 

WSjdHbj ujr[ej duhCj dl,tJ } qV;Pi Vj h'r[ m dHl[ ai%J sj Fjr 

i,tsj qaj rg wJeil wq[Bg V[ bjfS[ lqjeq dry fjl wgaj m dHw 

r[iJ aJ dl,t vgci dHhVJ q'q' n,eSg yjvJ dry bj eH[ a[ dqvriaS 

i,tS sj `{lvj wi dvbj m dHh rghrk lsg sj dl,tJ vHg Wsdwlqag 

sj fdhvj dsV lg m 

19 qjiy@ 1931 


I.e dH>cgbj b?Wji dry qhjaqj eJZg sj dWbjV rg dvtag 

lWPa h{ m Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v h{ dw 16 qjiy@ 1931 } epispbjij 

lgl e.u@ ds,vg drt[ qhjaqj eJZg V[ bjfSj dHw FjLS ds,aj lg@ 


266 


duhCj dw dqag 19 qjiy@ 1931 } #I.e dH>cgbj$ dry Adfbj lg ^ 

lisji qZPlPsV dl>z ug V[ q{} dHh Fi'lj dsrjRpS vHg dwhj 

h{ dw wJeil dl,tJ Vjv wga[ w"v dHwiji sg fjvSj wi[eg 

ba[ ws[ w'Hg bduhj wsq Vhk yp,Dw[eg dul Vjv dw dl,tJ 

sg hqsisg wJeil Vjv'G Bp,B ujr[ m Fijr'@ wJeil V[ vjh"i 

dry qaj fjl wi ds,aj h'dHbj h{ dw Rph w'Hg drZjV Vhk 

WSjH[eg@ dul } dl,t bjfP> f+rjV Vj wiV m q{} lqN Vhk 

bjMsg dw dHl Vjv'G h'i r,Z Fi'lj q{G dl,tJ } wg s[rJ m q{G 

dl,tJ } bjtsj hJ dw Rph q[i[ ryVJ RpKa[ drLrjl wiV 

ba[ wJeil s[ qa[ RpKa[ Fi'lj i,tS dw wJeil dl,t ujag 

Vjv aJ wg@ dwl[ dHw drbwag Vjv rg drLrjlzja Vhk 

wi[eg m u[ Rpl V[ bduhj wgaj aJ Rph bjfSg q"a bjf hg 

qi ujr[eg m 

dl,Dt'@ FjHgY a[ F{S'@ q[ig W[Vag h{ dw aplk lji[ L,w a[ l.l[ 

A,c dsY m dHl a'G r,Z q{G h'i wg bjtJ m fiqjaqj ljtg h{ dw 

q{G u' ryV wi dihj hJ@ Rpl a'G q{G ba[ wJeil ws[ Vhk 

dxiJe[ m 

us'G fp,DdAbj dw qpvw bj;js h'S a[ ljig ajwa dh>sPbJ s[ h,o 

bj ujr[eg aJ dl,t dVh,Do[ h' ujSe[ m qhjaqj eJZg V[ RpKai ds,aj ^ 

Rpl lq[G dl,tJ sj dHh h,w h'r[ej dw Rph h,o dry avrji 

xC w[ WQjra wiV ba[ rjdhepiP a[ qVp,t ujag sg bjaqj 

RphVJ sg lhjdHaj wiVe[ m 

fjnw bjf hg dh>sPbJ s[ epiP z>Bjv qhjaqj eJZg sgbJ wlqJ 

a[ ryVJ sj b,u~w,v% s[ y,vs[ hjvja sg i"LVg dry b>sj;j vj lws[ 

hV m wg wJeil V[ bjfSj ryV ws[ fjdvbj ( ws[ rg Vhk m 

uqVj sjl b?ai s[ dvtS qpajdWw@ ##?jdvlajV sj lpNjb rgi 

ljriwi@ f+ZjV dh>sP qhJ lFj V[ wijyg dry h'Hg dl,t vge s[ l.q[vV 

$a[ dHh lpV[hj ds,aj lg dw dl,t@ dl,tlajV sg q>e wiV m f+ajf@ dqvjf 

lqjyji f,aiJ V[ dHl lpNjb sj dri'Z hg Vhk wgaj@ Wvdw f+Fja 

s[ l.fjsw vjvj VjVw y.s Vj; V[ dHl sj lqioV wgaj a[ dHl l.W.Z 

dry dHl l.q[vV sg f+ZjVeg wgag m$$ siblv dHh rg fjdwlajV sg 

q>e } wq;'i wiV sg qhjdLbJ sg yjv lg@ dsv'G dl,tJ Vjv dfbji 

Vhk lg m u[wi dfbji q>V rg dvbj ujr[ aJ wg hpS dW,vg dA,w eHg 

h{ m dHh rg drLrjlzja sg wCg lg m 


267 

dHl[ ai%J sgbJ x,Dx[ w,pBSgbJ a[ vP.WC yjvJ wg wJeilg a[ wg 

dh>sP qhJ lWjHg qpvw bj;js h'S aw wHg r[iJ wis[ ih[@ dl,t vgci 

ep.qijh hp.s[ ih[ a[ w"q } rg Qva ijh[ a'is[ ih[ m 

6 upvjHg@ 1946 

wJeil sj dxi dHw r,cj l.q[vV wvw,Da[ h'dHbj m dHw f+{l 

wjVì.l } l.W'ZV widsbJ wJeilg f+ZjV f>Ddca urjhi vjv VdhiP 

V[ `piqjdHbj dw ##f>ujW s[ Whjsi dl,t drL[L lvPw s[ bdZwjig hV m 

q{} dHl dry w'Hg bf,ag Vhk ds,lsg dw dh>splajV s[ RpKai dry w'Hg 

bduhj dHvjwj r,tij wi ds,aj ujr[@ duo[ dw lpa.aiaj sj dV,z dl,tJ 

s[ vhP } eiqjr[ m$$ 

f>Ddca ug sj ryV_#bduhj dHvjwj r,tij wi ds,aj ujr[$ sj 

dl,Zj a[ lf,LB Fjr h{ dw dl,tJ s[ W'v~Wjv[ uJ dl,tJ sj h'q v{Gc@ duo[ 

dHh rg bj;jsg sj dV,z qjS lwS m fi f>Ddca ug sg Zg dH>sij eJZg 

V[ LjdHs h'i qavW w,DdTbj h{ dw dl,tJ } e'vgbJ Vjv Rpcj ds,aj 

ujr[ m dVh,Do[ dl,tJ sj dVi.wjig \bt"ag| WsqjLJ ijhk h,vjL[ig s[ w[@ 

wav[bjq wirj w[ eiq eiq vhP rejdHbj ujr[ uJ qjlPq W,DdybJ 

a[ b"iaJ } WQ{i qpw,sq[G yvjH[ u[v%J dry algh[ ds,Da[ ujS uJ Fe"C[ 

h'dHbJ s[ fdirjiJ }@ c.eiJ lq[a aWjh@ WiWjs wgaj ujr[ m dw>Vj 

r,cj Qva bio dH>sij eJZg V[ w,DdTbj h{ m 

9 sl.Wi@ 1946 


drZjV f+gLs sg fdhvg qgdB>e WjWP ijdu>si f+Ljs sg f+ZjVeg 

h[n h'Hg m f>Ddca VdhiP V[ qaj f[L wgaj ^ 

##z,B~deSagbJ s[ ijulg bdZwjiJ sg i,Ddtbj vHg fPiV f+W.Z 

wga[ ujSe[ m dHh ljcj b{vjV h{ a[ dHh ljcj f+S h{ a[ dHh ljcj 

ryV h{ u' blk lji[ l.lji s[ iPWiP dh>s'lajV s[ wi'CJ LdhigbJ } 

ds>s[ hJ m dHl vHg dHh dHw fdr,ai lpe.s h{@ dul sj fjvS wiVj 

ljcj fiq Ziq h{ m$$ 

bj;jsg dqvS Wjbs z,B~deSag rjvg w"q Vjv u' lvPw h' dihj 

h{@ ljdibJ s[ ljhqS[ h{ m dryji[ bAPaJ s[ df>c lpbjh wi ds,Da[ eH[ m 

RphVJ sgbJ WhP~W[BgbJ sg f,a vp,BSg dHw qjqPvg e,v h{ m qplvqjVJ 

a[ dl,tJ Vjv u' drawij h' dihj h{@ spVgbJ qP>h dry MevJ v{ w[ a,w 

ihg h{ m wg dHh' hg qhjaqj eJZg a[ f>Ddca VdhiP s[ ryV lV ( 


268 


duVjh V[ rg dl,t vgciJ } wHg r[iJ lW;~WjQ drtj w[ cjhV 

sj IaV wgaj m dl,tJ vHg dHw fjl[ tPh a[ sPu[ fjl[ cP.zg t,c rjvg 

e,v WSg ihg m s'V'G w"qJ s[ vgci dl,tJ } dVevSj yjhp.s[ lV m duVjh 

aJ wjqIjW Vj h' ldwbj@ fi vjvj ug V[ dl,tJ } rjhrj c.debj m 

upvjHg 1947 

f>ujW sg r.c a'G dli` dHw qhgVj fdhvJ f>ujW bl{GWvg s[ dh>sP 

dl,t q{GWiJ sg ds,vg drt[ dHw qgdB>e h'Hg m liW~l.qag Vjv dh>splajV 

sg r.c lrgwji wi vHg eHg a[ dl,tJ l.W.Zg qaj fjl wgaj debj ^ 

##dh>splajV sg r.c a'G df,DA'G f>ujW sj u' Fje Fjia dry idh 

ujr[ej@ Rpl dry dHh bda ;iPig h{ dw dl,tJ s[ drL[L bdZwjiJ } 

lpi,Ddtba wiV sj WjVSP W.dV%bj ujr[ m$$ 

dHh' duh[ bV[wJ hg qa[@ wlqJ ba[ FjLS dl,tJ } epqijh wiV 

vHg dh>sP a[ qplvqjV vgci ds>s[ ih[ m b>a qpvw bj;js h' debj m 

15 bela@ 1947 

dh>splajV sg r.c fjdwlajV a[ dh>splajV s' bj;js qpvwJ s[ 

iPf dry ì.eg liwji V[ z'dLa wi ds,aj m dHl r.c sj lF a'G dFbjVw 

a[ qjiP bli dl,tJ $a[ hg dfbj m fdirjiJ s[ fdirji RpKuC eH[ m W[b>a 

wav wga[ eH[ m W[b>a WgWgbJ bjfS[ la Ziq } wjdHq i,tS ?jdai 

tPhJ dry AjvJ qji w[ Lhgs h' eHgbJ m W[~bjlij@ ;?qg a[ WQ{i 

xp,Bg w"cg dl,t rhgiJ z,a w[ bjfS[ bj;js qpvw dh>splajV } api 

fH[ m duV%J s[dtbj@ Rph ujSs[ hV@ dw,cj r,cj wdhi a[ ;pvq h'dHbj 

lg m 

dHhVJ h'H[ LiVjiogbJ sgbJ wpiWjVgbJ sj qp,v Fjia liwji 

V[ dHw epfa dy,ng lji[ dcfBg wdqLViJ } dvt w[ fjHg m dHh dy,ng 

dHl lq[G rg liwjig diwjic dry h{ m 

LETTER NO EXECUTIVE 

D 11/77 of 

10th Oct., 1947 

##dl,t lqp,Dy[ a"i a[ uqJsiP `ljsg ba[ uijdHq f[Lj v'w 

hV m dHh lPW[ s[ bqV fl.s dh>sPbJ vHg ?ai[ Fig r.eji 

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bfVjRpS!!!dl,tJ } W[wj}Vg s[ ijh fjRpS rjvgbJ RphVJ 


sgbJ uqJsiP f+Wv ipygbJ hV@ duV%J sj Npwjb dHlaig 

hiV ba[ vp,B qji rv h{ m$$ 

269 

dW,vg o{v[ a'G Wjhi bj eHg m ljig sg ljig dìwP liwji lq[a 

RphVJ s[ hqd?bjv dl,tJ } uqJsiP uijdHq~f[Lj bjt w[ ?aq wiV 

$a[ apvg W{ng h{ m dHl a'G r,cj h'i drLrjlzja wg h' lwsj h{ m 

l.V 1950 

lp.aai Fjia sj VrJ drZjV WSjdHbj debj m dHl } l{wpvi 

drZjV s[ Vjq Vjv dVrjdubj debj m fjivgq{GB sg dHv{wLV lJNgbJ 

r'BJ s[ bjZji $a[ q>Vg eHg m dHo[ wJeil dxi Z'tj wi eHg m fdhvg 

e,v dwl[ dl,t l.loj } bjfS[ Fi'l[ dry Vhk dvbj debj m dHl aigw[ 

Vjv dl,tJ s[ s' uJ da>V VpqjdH>DdsbJ a'G d;bjsj ypS[ hg Vhk uj lws[ m 

f>ujW s[ wpv 13 q{GWi ypS[ uJs[ hV m u[wi q>V rg vHgH[ dw 13 

s[ 13 ypS[ eH[ aJ l{GwC[ q{GWiJ sg fjivgq{GB dry dHhVJ } w"S lpS[ej m 

dul sg q{ujiBg h'r[eg@ Rpl sj hg iju h'r[ej m dHl lq[G dHl dìwP 

uqja sj dVLjVj dl,t WS ih[ hV m 

l.V 1954 

qjlBi ajij dl>z V[ f>Ddca VdhiP } Ijs wijdHbj dw dl,tJ Vjv 

wga[ rjbs[ fPi[ Vhk h'H[ m f>Ddca ug V[ fPig Tgnaj Vjv urjW ds,aj@ 

#hpS lqJ Wsv debj h{ m$ lqJ aJ bjf[ hg Wsv debj us dl,t vgciJ 

V[ dHhVJ qhjdLbJ $a[ Fi'lj wi w[ w"q sg rjec'i dHhVJ s[ idhq 

wiq $a[ A,c ds,ag m hpS fAajdHbJ wg WS[@ us dyCgbJ ype eHg 

t[a m rwa l.Fjdvbj Vj debj m 

f>ujWg lPW[ sj q'iyj v,Ddebj m h;jiJ sg deSag dry dl,tJ V[ 

u[v%J uj q,vgbJ m WCg awCg b{ugB[LV y,vg m qhjdLbJ f>ujWg W'vg 

} bjfSg qJ W'vg q>VS a'G hg dHVwji wi ds,aj m uVl.zg@ wJeil 

a[ dl,t yqdybJ V[ i,u w[ dri'Zaj wgag@ bjd?i dh>s liwji } NpwSj 

dfbj m 

21 qjiy@ 1966 


Ljh wdqLV WSj ds,aj debj m lPdWbJ sg r.c 1961 sg 

uVl.dtbj q>DdVbj debj m Ljh wdqLV@ V[ bjfSg liwjig dìwP 


270 


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dry s[ ds,Da[ m WJsi r.c wi w[ y.cgeC% bjfS[ hg bZgV i,t dvbj m 

dHl ai%J v.eCj lPWj h'Gs dry bjdHbj m 

qp,T a'G hg dl,tJ Vjv d;bjsag a[ uWi hp.sj dihj h{ m b,u~w,v% 

ljig w"q wdhi a[ ;pvq sj dVLjVj WSjHg uj ihg h{@ qa[ dl,tJ } 

w'Hg `jdHsj fhp.y ujr[ m f>ujW dry w'Hg r,cg dH>clBig Vhk vejHg 

uj ihg m sdibjrJ s[ fjSg sg wjSg r.c@ a[ r,Dc[ r,Dc[ dWuvg zi 

l{GBi s[ h,o m dl,tJ } hgS wiV vHg fdaa dl,tJ } ai,wgbJ a[ 

b>Ddq+aZjig dl,t df,DA[ lp,DB[ uj ih[ hV m dl,t Ziq sg qp,Tvg y,vg bj 

ihg qiIjsj dry ivj fjRpS vHg dVi.wjig \bt"ag|@ ijZj lrjqg a[ 

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} LjdHs b>Ddq+aZjig dl>zJ a[ dl>zSgbJ $a[ ;pvq wiV vHg t,pv%j A,c 

ds,aj debj h{ m 

;pvq sg bda h' eHg h{ m dl,t vgciJ } hg W{n w[@ dryji wi 

w[ lJNj ì.B WSjRpSj yjhgsj h{ m drLrjlzjagbJ a'G w"q } WyjdHbj 

ujr[ m 


\s[l f+s[l@ 12!2!1982|

f>ujW s[ rjil 

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Rpaisg h{ m f>ujW s[ dl,tJ V[ bV[wJ aP`jVJ sj ljhqSj WCg Whjsig 

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dr,Dy'G hgi[ vp,B w[ v{ ujS rjdvbJ sj df,Aj wiV rjv[ rg dHh' Whjsi 

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iju sgbJ uC%J dhvj ds,agbJ m 

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} upiq wiji ds,aj debj m 

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?aq wi ds,ag ujr[eg@ fi h'dHbj dHl s[ RpvB m us'G dwl[ qJ a'G 


272 


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q"a drhjuSj hp.sj lg m 1716-1724 Hglrg dl,tJ vHg avrji sg Zji 

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r{igbJ s[ bjhP vjhp.s[ ih[ m 

1724 sj ljv hjv[ lqjfa hg h'dHbj lg us'G Rph spWjij f>ujW 

s[ q{sjVJ dry epigv[ Ip,Z wis[ f+eB h'H[ m bvg~Rps dHWiaVjqj a[ 

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f>ujW s[ rjil 

273 

dHl lq[G Fjia sg bjidow@ lqjuw@ Zjidqw a[ dlbjlg hjva 

WCg e.Fgi h{ m wpi,fLV@ wpVWj~firig@ Rpfi v{ w[ yfCjlg aw x{v 

yp,wg h{ m riaqjV liwji `{lv[ wiV lq[G Ziq dVif,taj a[ WijWiaj 

s[ blPv } dA,Dw[ B.e ihg h{ m Whp~deSag rjvj rie@ z,B~deSag 

rjvgbJ w"qJ } wgC[~qw"C[ lqN w[ qjiV $a[ apdvbj W{nj h{ m dHl sg 

duRPGsg ujesg dqljv ail[q dl>z fpi[rjv l.fjsw s[l f+s[l sg 

bjfSg ;WjVg s[L~dVwjv[ sg sjlajV 25 Vr.Wi@ 1983 s[ fiy[ dry 

Afg h{ m 

Rpl } W;pie qJ sg Wgqji~fpilg wiV vHg rg f>ujW dry Vhk 

ndhiS ds,aj m fpdvl wiqyjigbJ V[ bjf bjfS[ aL,ssJ sj dHwWjv 

wi w[ wpi,fB liwji s[ fis[ `jL wga[ hV m dH>sij eJZg bjf dHv{wLV 

dry bjfSg du,a f+jfa wiV vHg dh>sPbJ s[ dìwjf+la bVli } 

Ldh s[ w[ z,B~deSag rjv[ dl,t@ qplvqjV a[ HgljHgbJ } dvajC ihg 

h{ m dHh' hg r,cj wjiV h{ dw IP!fg! s[ FHgH[ f>ujW lB[B dry rljH[ 

uj ih[ hV m 

f>ujW sg dlbjla } dl,t dlbjla bjtgH[ aJ bdawoVg Vhk m 

du>V[ rg N,tC Np,Dv[@ lF dl,tJ s[ Zpi[ spbjv[ zp>qs[ ih[ m W'vg sj qlvj 

Rpdnbj aJ dl,tJ Vjv u'dCbj debj m f>ujWg lPW[ sg q>e RpKng aJ dl,t 

qlvj WS eHg m Zjidqw qjqvj dul ai%J dw bjv dH>cgbj epispbjij 

b{wB WSjRpS sj lrjv Rpdnbj aJ dxi l{GBiv a[ lPWjHg liwjiJ dHl 

qlv[ dry RpvN eHgbJ m dl,t epispbjdibJ sj f+W.Z dl,tJ sj zi[vP 

qlvj h{ m fi f>ujW sg wJeil fjiBg lPWjHg a[ l{GBiv liwji V[ epiP 

sg e'vw $a[ wW;j wiV vHg bjfS[ h,o~n'dwbJ sgbJ c.e~BfjRP 

fjiBgbJ WSj w[ dHv{wLV dry dh,lj dvbj m sl.Wi 1954 epispbjij 

y'SJ lq[G wJeil liwji V[ #?jvlj sv$ s[ Vjq o,Dv[ dHv{wLV vCg m 

RPZq dl>z Vje'w[ a[ HgLi dl>z qN{v wJeil fjiBg s[ h,o~n'w[ 

WS w[ #?jvlj sv$ s[ qptg lV m fi f>ow u;W[ s[ hC% qPhi[ daSw[ 

sg ai%J ipC% eH[ m 6 qHg@ 1971 } ds,vg liwji sg Ldh $a[ WgWg dViv[f 

w"i ljWwj b{q!fg! V[ wpN ep.dcbJ sg qss Vjv epispbjij lgl e.u 

ds,vg $a[ wW;j wi dvbj m w[Gsig liwji V[ bjfS[ h,o~n'dwbJ sj 

wW;j wjdHq i,tS vHg 20 qHg@ 1971 } f++{;gc{GB fjl'G ?jl bjicgV{Gl 

ujig wirj w[ epispbjij f+W.Z vHg f>u q{GWig W'ic lojfa wi ds,aj m 

dHh f>u[ drbwag wJeilg dl,t lV m dl>zJ V[ dHl Ziq Z,Dw[ drip,Z 

l.ziL wgaj a[ liwji } e'c[ B[wS[ fH[ m 

riaqjV #sv ?jvlj$ dl,tJ } vCjRpS vHg qhjLj Vgag WVjq 


274 


wJeil fjiBg } uVq ds,aj m de! ;{v dl>z b{Gc fjiBg V[ qjdHw a[ 

fpvgBgwv lhjdHaj wi w[ #sv ?jvlj$ bwjvg sv q,Do[ qC%V sj fPij 

fPij IaV wgaj m dHl[ ai%J uiV{v dl>z dF>ciJrjv[ \l.a| } fpvgBgwv 

lf'iB s[ w[ bwjvg sv drip,Z riaS sj IaV wgaj m dl,tJ sg 

?pLdwlqag a[ qhjdLbJ sg Wsdwlqag dw #sv ?jvl[$ s[ V"urjVJ 

sgbJ b,tJ lq[G dli tp,v% eHgbJ m qhjdLbJ } dxi dVijLj h'Hg m uiV{v 

dl>z dF>ciJrjv[ \l.a| } debjV h' debj m epiP sg W?dLL Vjv ?jvlj 

sv dxi dHwqp,n h' debj m 

dh>sP dl,tJ dry aVjY i,tS vHg wJeil fjiBg sj fPij ;'i v,e 

dihj h{ m dh>sP dl,tJ } fjCV Vjv dh>sP r'BJ wJeil } f{SegbJ m dl,t 

r'BJ sg r.c h' ujS s[ Whpa yjVl hV m uVl.z fjiBg hq[Lj dh>sP 

r'BJ s[ lhji[ ljh v{Gsg h{ m dHl lq[G wJeil@ dh>sP r'BiJ } lW;~WjQ 

dstj w[ bjfS[ Vjv e.TS sj IaV wi ihg h{ m dHl dry hpS dwl[ 

} L,w Vhk dihj dw wJeil fjiBg dry fpijS[ w,BC dìwjf+la hV m 

Ziq dVif,taj dHw T"Ge h{ m dHl fis[ o,Dv[ #dh>sg dh>sP dh>splajV$ sj 

h'wj s[ w[ z,B~deSag rjvgbJ w"qJ } sWjdHbj uJsj h{ m wLqgi sg 

qplvqjV bjWjsg wJeil s[ uPv[ $y'G bj;js h' yp,wg h{ m a[ wJeil 

} dfAvgbJ dHv{wLVJ dry Wpig ai%J hji h'Hg h{ m dHl[ ai%J sPli[ 

lPdWbJ dry rg wJeil sg favg hjva h{ m dli` dìwP s.e[ wirj 

w[ dh>sP WhpdeSag s[ lhji[ bjfSg liwji WSjRpS s[ IaVJ dry h{ m 

dHh' hg wjiV h{ dw dH>sij@ f>ujW sgbJ h,wg q>eJ r,v dZbjV Vhk 

ds>sg m 

lj} b`l'l h{ dw f>ujW s[ rjilJ sj dHw rie f>ujWg W'vs[ 

h'H[ rg bjfSg qjaig ;WjV f>ujWg a'G qpVwi h{ m sPldibJ lPdWbJ sg 

W'vg } f>ujWgbJ $a[ n'lS sj IaV 1947 a'G LpiP h' yp,wj h{ m f>ujW 

s[ sdibjrJ sj fjSg a[ dWuvg sPli[ lPdWbJ } s[ w[ f>ujWgbJ sg 

vjHg` vjHgV w,Bg uj ihg h{ m dHo[ hg Wl Vhk@ f>ujWg W'vs[ dHvjw[ 

ba[ y.cgeC% hdibjSj } s[ w[ bjfSg hg qjai FPqg Vjv Q,sjig wi 

dihj h{ m bV.sfpi sj qaj f>ujW a[ f>ujWgba } WyjRpS sg dHw l[Z 

h{ m lj} ljdibJ } dHl sg f+jfag vHg dli ZC sg Wj;g vj s[Sg 

yjhgsg h{ m dl,t w"q } `?i h{ dw f>ujW sg ?pLhjvg vHg Rph q'iyj~W,Z 

h{ m dHl dry lji[ f>ujWgbJ } vjF h{ m dh>sP f>ujWg FijrJ } bfgv 

h{ dw Rph rg dHl Ziq~Ip,Z dry bjfSj I'e dh,lj fjRpS m 


\s[l f+s[l@ 9!12!1983|

w"q~zjaw 

w"q zjawJ sj rg v.qj dHdahjl h{ m dHl dry w'Hg L,w Vhk 

dw dHV%J F,si fpiLJ } vjhVaJ rg f{GsgbJ bj ihgbJ hV@ fi 

q"wj~f+la ba[ qavW~f+la h'S wiw[ r,Dc[ r,Dc[ ipadWbJ $a[ ih[ hV m 

rwa sg liwji s[ fpujigbJ sg b,u rg Fiqji h{@ dHh w"q zjaw 

rwa sg liwji } bjfSj RpKvP dl,Zj wiV vHg W[qp,DDv[ dqv uJs[ hV m 

dHV%J sj Ziq Lwv q'qVJ w.q wjìJ dihj h{@ Fjr s[tS fitS } 

dHwsq lgv l.a't a[ l,y sg qPia dstjHg s[Se[ fi l,y sg wlr,Bg 

$a[ fidtbJ dVij qpv.qj hg ljWa h'Se[ m bjfSg w"q Vjv Q,sjig dHV%J 

vHg w'Hg fjf Vhk m dHV%J } dli` ZV~s"va@ r;gigbJ uJ yji dshjC[ 

sg W,Dv[ W,Dv[ hg yjhgsg h{ m dHh F,si fpiL awigWV hi[w qpvw a[ 

w"q dry hi q"lq dry dqvs[ hV m wp,Da[ } qjl sj BpwCj dul ai%J 

ZPb fjMsj h{@ dHl ai%J dHh spB.e[ bjfS[ v'F vjvy dh,a bjfS[ qpvw@ 

bjfSg w"q@ bjfS[ Ziq sgbJ Z,ugbJ RpcjMs[ hV m 

#dl,t w"q$ sg Rpqi dVbjSg h{@ fi d;>seg sg hi s"C dry lF 

a'G qphi[ h{ m dHh lF epiP VjVw_epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug sg zjv wqjHg 

lswj h{ m epiP sj dl,t qpLdwv lq[G rg yC%sgbJ wvJ dry ih[ej m 

epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug V[ dl,tJ } b>Ddq+a sg sja W?L w[ l.a dlfjhg 

WSj ds,aj@ ##tjvlj bwjv fpit wg `"u@ f+edBY tjvlj f+qjaq wg 

q"u@$$ ìqjV wi w[ Feag a[ Lwag lqapv wi ds,ag m dl,t dHdahjl 

s[ fiy[ rjdybJ a'G faj v,esj h{ dw epiP sj dl,t spdVbjrg lp,tJ } 

v,a qji w[ Ziq sg ?jdai Lhgs h'S dry bjfS[ Z.V Fje lqNsj 

h{ m dV,wg duhg w"q V[ bjfS[ dr,a a'G r,Z bjfS[ Ziq blojV bj;js 

wijRpS a[ ì.egbJ a'G qpvw bj;js wijRpS vHg xJlg s[ i,DdlbJ } 

h,l h,l y.pdqbj@ Rpqi w{sJ w,BgbJ m uvjraVg sgbJ l;jrJ } ug 

bjdHbJ bjdtbj a[ c'v[ Vhk m epiP fjaLjh V[ duo[ bjfS[ ?jvl[ } 

LJaqHg idhS sg ajwa W?Lg h{@ Rpo[ spLBJ } l'ZS sj hpwq rg 

wgaj h{ ^ 


276 


Ijhg wju Zij hq uVq> mm 

lqN v[hp ljZP lF qVq> mm 

Ziq yvjrV l.a RpWjiV mm 

splB lFV w' qPv RpfjiV mm \Wdy,a= VjBw| 

dHl[ ldfiB } ?jvl[ V[ bjfS[ ugrV sj bjZji WSj w[ bV[wJ 

q'idybJ dry àdh fjHg m 

dH>Vj LjVsji dHdahjl h'S s[ WjruPs Q,sjiJ sgbJ w"q zjaw 

q,wjig wjirjHgbJ } FpvjdHbj Vhk uj lwsj m Lhgs dl>zJ sgbJ 

ugrVgbJ a'G duo[ w"q } RpaLjh@ u'L a[ bjfS[ Ziq blojVJ sg 

fdr,aiaj wjdHq i,tS vHg qi dqBS sj u;Wj dqvsj h{@ Rpo[ Q,sjiJ 

} dxB vjhVaJ fj w[ bjRpS rjvg Vlv } rg dyajrVg dqvsg h{ m 

Q,sjiJ sg waji aJ WCg v.qg h{@ fi wpA wp wqgVgbJ hiwaJ a'G 

fisj yp,wS sg qpbj`g q>esj hJ m 

qhjijuj iSuga dl>z V[ f>ujW@ lih,sg lPW[ a[ wLqgi $a[ vefe 

yjv%g ljv iju wgaj m LjlV~f+W.Z dl,Zj ljsj lg m Ziq dVif,taj s[ 

bjZji $a[ dHVlj` hp.sj lg m hi w'Hg bjfS[ bwgs[ qpajdWw bjfS[ 

dHLB s[r sg fPuj bj;jsg Vjv wisj lg m qhjijuj iSuga dl>z V[ 

duo[ epispbjdibJ } qpC RpljiV sg l[rj wgag \Ijs ih[ qplvqjV 

hjwqJ lq[G Whpa lji[ q>si a[ epispbji[ Tjh w[ qlgaJ WSj ds,agbJ 

eHgbJ lV|@ Rpo[ q>si a[ qlgaJ } rg qjvg a[ ijulg qss s[ w[ 

tCj wgaj m 

qhjijuj iSuga dl>z sg L?lgba bda f+FjrLjvg lg m Rpl 

qPhi[ w'Hg wplwsj Vhk lg m iSuga dl>z s[ b,tJ qgBS sg s[i lg dw 

q,wji B'vj V.ej h' w[ V,yS v,e dfbj@ Fjr bjfSgbJ wiaPaJ ijhk 

qhjiju[ s[ RpaijdZwjigbJ dry xp,B fj w[ wav'~Qjia wi w[ 

bjfSgbJ e,sgbJ f,wgbJ wiV sg s"C dry v,e apdibj m 

vjv dl>z@ epvjW dl>z@ a[uj dl>z a[ dZbjV dl>z V[ qPhivg waji 

dry h' w[ qhjiju[ sj dVqw hijq wgaj m qhjijuj iSuga dl>z s[ 

V"dVhjvJ } ?aq wgaj a[ w"q Vjv Zi'h wqjdHbj m dHhVJ spLBJ V[ 

ì.egbJ Vjv iv w[ dl,t lvaVa sj ?jaqj wgaj m 26 ìrig@ 1846 

dl,t w"q vHg qVhPl dsV lqdNbj ujr[ej m dHl dsV vjic hjidc>e 

V[ vjh"i s[ Ljhg dwv[% dry ?jl siWji vj w[ dHhVJ Vqw~hijqg 

wp,DdabJ } dHVjq r.c[ m 9 ljv s[ VjWjvQ W,Dy[ w.ri svgf dl>z } 

wnfpavg qhjijuj WSj w[ r;gi l! vjv dl>z \dqli| a[ `"u sj wqJci 

a[uj dlz Fjr #sp,Z sj ijtj dW,vj$ qwji dWnj ds,aj m epvjW dl>z 


w"q~zjaw 

277 

} wHg dHvjdwbJ sj ?ps qp?dabji WSj w[ ijuj ojf ds,aj m bjfSg 

lisjig Wiwiji i,tS vHg dHhVJ spLBJ V[ qhjijuj iSuga dl>z s[ 

fdirji } W[idhqg Vjv wav wirjdHbj@ dul } dl,t w"q ws[ Vhk 

F,pDv[eg m fi epiP hpwq bVplji ##wPC dVtpB[ VjVwj YCdw ldy ihg$$ 

dHhVJ sg wPC sg wqjHg V[ rg ljo Vj ds,aj a[ lji[ f>ujW $a[ ì.egbJ 

sj iju h' debj m 

b>ei[;J V[ awigWV 150 ljv Fjia $a[ hwPqa wgag m bj;jsg 

vHg wHg fjdlM vdhiJ y,vgbJ m qhjaqj eJZg sg wqJc h[n wJeil 

fjiBg@ lpFjL y.si W'l sg #bj;js dh>s `"u$ ba[ W,Wi vdhi s[ Vjv 

Vjv epispbjij lpZji vdhiJ rg y,vgbJ m b>a b>ei[;g liwji V[ Fjia 

} bj;js wiV sj `{lvj wgaj m qpldvq vge } duVjh sg lif+lag 

hjdlv lg m dl,tJ dry bwjvg sv s[ qptg qjlBi ajij dl>z@ l! Wvs[r 

dl>z@ debjVg wiaji dl>z@ qhjijuj fdBbjvj bjds vgci lV m 

qhjaqj eJZg@ f>Ddca VdhiP a[ fB[v bjds dh>sP vgci wJeil 

s[ Vjq $a[ l"s[Wj;g wi ih[ lV m wHg e'vq[; wjVì.lJ h' yp,wgbJ lV m 

dq! duVjh dl,tJ Vjv lqN"aj wi w[ dh>sPbJ sgbJ q,wji vP.WC yjvJ 

a'G ApBwjij fjRpSj yjhp.sj lg m debjVg wiaji dl>z \dl,tJ sj dsqjQ| 

V[ qjlBi ajij dl>z Vjv iv w[ dl,tJ sgbJ q>eJ sj dy,nj dabji 

wgaj a[ dq! duVjh } F[uS sj f+'eijq WSjdHbj duhCj ngw ue%j 

fhp.y Vj ldwbj m dHl sj wjiV vjh"i s[ i';jVj b?Wji VrjdH i';jVj 

6 sl.Wi@ 1968 s[ b>w dry #q^l^ wg cjdHig$ dry dvt w[ dl,t w"q 

s[ dHw h'i Q,sji epfjv dl>z sisg } V.debJ wgaj ^ 

##uW I[h q{q'i{Gcq BjHgf h'wi dabji h' debj a' Ih `{lvj hPbj 

dw dHl[ cjw q[G F[uV[ wg WujH[ cj! epfjv dl>z sisg w' Wpvj wi 

dHV w[ hrjv[ wia[ hPH[ ajwgs wg dw r'h!!!!!dshvg uj wi Ih 

slajr[; dq! duVjh w' s[ bjH[ m dqlBi sisg V[ Ih wjQ;ja wjdHs[ 

bj;q wg WujdH f>Ddca urjhi vjv VdhiP w[ lfpis wi sgH[ m$$ Ijs 

i,tS rjvg e,v h{ dw epfjv dl>z sisg debjVg wiaji dl>z sj ?jl 

lvjhwji a[ dq,ai lg m dl,t vgciJ dry rg dHw ?jl fp;gLV i,tsj 

lg m dHl Q,sji sg dHl wiaPa Vjv arjig? q[G H[w b"i dH;j`j h' 

debj m bei r'h wjQ; wjdHs[ bj;q aw fhp.y uja[ a' b{V qpqdwV 

h{ dl,Dt'G b"i qplvqjV'G q[G qpxjdhqa \lqN"a[| wg w'Hg Lwv dVwv 

bjag m!!! bju W,Di[lQgi \Fjia| wg dlbjla wj VwLj hg wpA b"i 

h'aj!!!m$$ 

dl,t w"q Vjv Q,sjig sj xv_f>dca VdhiP V[ dHl Q,sji } 1962 


278 


dry f>ujW drZjV lFj sj q{GWi WSjdHbj@ us dw f>ujW drZjV lFj 

V[ Vhk lg ypdSbj m dxi epfjv dl>z sisg } Fjia sj drs[Lg l`gi 

a[ RpKy[ bhps[ $a[ dVIpwa wgaj a[ h'i dHh' duhgbJ W[Lpqji idhqaJ 

wi w[ dVrjdubj m 

bju dl,t bjrjq epfjv dl>z sisg w' qp?jaW wi w[ wdh lwaj 

h{ #w"q[ dxiPta.s' dyh bi;J dxitPa.s$ \dHl Vgy V[ f>o } w"cgbJ s[ 

Fjb r[y ds,aj| wvjWj;gbJ!!! awigWV 99 f+agLa wJeilg dl,t 

vgci bwjvg sv dr,Dy'G eH[ hV m dHl sj wjiV dHh Vhk dw bwjvg 

sv sj f+'eijq Qva h{ m blv dry dHl sv~WsvP sj wjiV wpilg 

]m wJeil dh>splajV sg lF a'G r,cg dlbjlg fjiBg yvg bj ihg h{ m 

bj;jsg dqvS a'G Wjbs dh>splajV sg l{GBiv a[ lPWjHg liwjiJ 

$a[ wW;j rg awigWV dHl[ fjiBg sj ydvbj bj dihj h{ m r;gig s[ 

Fp,DdtbJ sg da=fag wJeil dry iv w[ hg h' lwsg lg m dHl vHg dHh 

vgci drwjRP qjv WS eH[ m debjVg wiaji dl>z@ Wvs[r dl>z@ hpwq 

dl>z@ bqi dl>z splJN@ debjV dl>z ijC[rjvj@ qpljdì@ fiajf dl>z 

w{i'G@ lriV dl>z a[ debjVg ;{v dl>z bjds V[ bjfSj dlbjlg ugrV 

f>ow dryjiZjij } bfSj w[ LpiP wgaj fi ?psQi;g dry b>V%[ h' w[ 

f>o a'G W[qpt h' eH[ m 

debjVg wiaji dl>z diuVv `jiqPvj WSjRpS rjv[ q'TgbJ 

dr,Dy'G dHw lg m fiajf dl>z w{i'G yg` qdVlBi f>ujW s[ lq[G dHh vgci 

qjv q>aig lg m 19 Vr.Wi@ 1958 } L+'qSg wq[Bg s[ bhps[sjiJ sg 

y'S lq[G fiajf dl>z w{i'G@ debjVg wiaji dl>z@ debjV dl>z ijC[rjv[ 

V[ vjdvbJ sgbJ dau"igbJ sg qss Vjv qjlBi ajij dl>z } hji 

s[ w[ f+[q dl>z vjvfpij } f+ZjV ypS dvbj m debjVg wiaji dl>z V[ 

f,aiwjiJ Vjv e,v~Wja widsbJ bjdtbj dw ##dHh hji qjlBi ajij 

dl>z sg Vhk le'G f>ujWg lPW[ sg q>e sg h'Hg h{ m$$ 

Rpfi.a dHl up.cvg V[ dHw h'i VrJ bwjvg sv lojdfa wi 

dvbj@ dul sj f+ZjV ulr.a dl>z sjV[rjvgbj } WSjdHbj m bjq dl,t 

uea dHl bwjvg sv } ujfjVg bwjvg sv bjtS v,e dfbj a[ 

wpN lq[G Wjbs bjfSg q"a bjf hg qi debj m 

f>ow vgciJ dry y"Ziq[G sg vCjHg 

dl,t w"q sg Wsdwlqag dw qhjdLbJ a[ qplvqjVJ sgbJ dlbjlg 

yjvJ sj qpwjWvj wiV vHg w'Hg lp,zC dlbjSj vgci Vj f{sj h' 


279 

ldwbj m riaqjV vgci qhjdLbJ sgbJ q'q'n,eSgbJ dry bj w[ 

ep.qijh hp.s[ ih[ a[ w"q } eZg e[C[ fjHg i,Ddtbj m WjWj tCw dl>z Wjbs 

qjlBi ajij dl>z 40 ljv dl,tJ s[ vgci WS[ ih[ fi VdhiP a[ eJZg 

sgbJ vP.WC yjvJ } Vj lqN lw[ m 

dh>splajV sg lPWjHg h,s W.sg ;WjV s[ bjZji $a[ h' yp,wg lg m 

f>ujWg lPW[ sg q>e dl,tJ sg f+dadVZ uqja bwjvg sv V[ wgag@ dHl 

vHg dìwP i.ea ds,aj debj m l{GBi sg Ldh $a[ f>ujWg qhjdLbJ V[ 

f>ujWg ;WjV } bjfSg qJ~W'vg hg q>VS a'G dHVwji wi ds,aj m 

1957 sj dh>sg b>s'vV 

w"q~zjaw 

diuVv `jiqPvj fjl h'S Rpfi.a dh>sg l.qag V[ f>ujW dry dHw 

Fjig b>s'vV LpiP wi ds,aj m dHh dHw ai%J Vjv dl,tJ s[ drip,Z lg@ 

Fjr[G dh>sg l.qag rjv[ dHl a'G dHVwjig lV m Z.Vj dl>z epvLV b,u 

sj f>ujW fplaw dry l`j 77 $a[ dvtsj h{ ^ ##fdBbjvj s[ uV~l.zg 

vgci W.lg vjv rwgv V[ l+g siWji ljdhW sj q;jw RpcjMdsbJ 

bjdtbj dw Rph uv b>Ddq+a uJ fdr,ai dwr[G h' lwsj h{ dul sg Vkh 

eRP tjS rjv[ qplvqjV V[ i,tg!!!m 

21!7!57 vtVRP s[ dHw ldabje+dh uo[ s[ qptg l'hV vjv V[ 

#wCj@ uPCj ijrgM fji$ s[ Vjhi[ vejH[ m Rpl V[ dHh rg bjdtbj dw 

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282 


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285 

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286 


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Fjiag a[ f>ujWg h'S s[ Vja[ blvgba `jL wgag ba[ f+SjW w[Gsi 

s[ f+dadVZ } FuV vjv s[ ragi[ drip,Z dLwjdHa wgag aJ f+SjW 

V[ b`l'l f+eB wgaj a[ dwhj dw FuV vjv } bduhj ragij bfVjRpS 

vHg Vhk dwhj debj lg m FuV vjv dH>sij eJZg sg yp,w $a[ e,vJ 

qji dihj lg m l' dHl ;pvq sg s'Lg dH>sij eJZg a[ Rpl s[ yqy[ hV m 

dH>sij eJZg sgbJ VgagbJ V[ dh>sP a[ dl,tJ } r.c ds,aj h{ m u' ws[ 

dH,Dw' dl,Dw[ s[ s' fjl[ lV m q'iy[ dry 180 h;ji dl>zJ sg de+àjig 

s[S a'G Wjbs rg dH>sij eJZg RphVJ sgbJ q>eJ q>VSj aJ dHw fjl[@ 

RphVJ sg ljt WyjRpS vHg w'Hg `jiqPvj s[S vHg dabji Vhk m 

dl,t f>o b,u bj;js Fjia s[ 36 ljv s[ auiW[ a'G wJeil s[ 

bt"ag l{wpvi lB.B lqN yp,Ddwbj h{ ba[ bjfSg Zjidqw a[ ijulg 

bj;jsg vHg q{sjV dry c,B debj ] m dl,tJ } lhg faj v,e yp,Ddwbj 



287 

h{ dw dl,t Ziq s[ qp,Tv[ blPv dh>sPbJ a'G dWvwpv r,ti[ hV m sdWlajV 

q;jdhW sj v[tw q'hlV `jVg A[r[G fjdaLjh epiP hdie'dW>s fjdaLjh 

sj lqwjvg dl,tJ Wji[ dvtsj h{ ^ 

epiP VjVw s[r ug s[ dl,t hi epiP ljdhW } epiP VjVw s[r 

ug sj hg iPf lqNs[ hV a[ qPiag fPuj s[ l?a dri'Zg hV m 

Vj aJ Rph dh>sP brajiJ dry IwgV i,ts[ hV ba[ Vj hg 

l.ld*a ;WjV } dh>sP s[rdabJ sg lVqjVg fiqjSg ;WjV 

lqN w[ fC%s[ hV m dl,t f+qjSa wiq~wJcJ ba[ ilq dirjuJ 

dry iaj du>Vj rg drLrjl Vhk i,ts[ a[ Vj hg Rph tjS fgS 

l.W.Zg x'wgbJ fjW.sgbj } q>Vs[ hV m 

dHh x'wg vgcig s[ xp.dWbJ V[ f>o sj wg drejC v{Sj h{ ( hpS 

hi dl,t V[ f+S wi dvbj h{ dw #wi' uJ qi'$!!!!! ##u[ ugr{ fda vog 

ujdH mm lFp hijqp u[aj dwAp tjdH mm$$ \f>Vj 142| ldaepiP bjf f>o sg 

itrjvg wi[ej m 


\s[l f+s[l@ 18!5!1984|

1984 ^ vhP s[ h.NP 

dl,t dHdahjl sg dliuVj bV[wJ hg A'B[ a[ r,Dc[ z,vPzjdibJ V[ 

wgag h{ m dHw dV,wg duhg fi beJh~rZP a[ dl,t l.a dlfjhgbJ sg 

w"q V[ bV[wJ hg Whjsi LhgsJ } uVq ds,aj m l,y aJ dHh h{ dw blk 

Vjq~Zigw dl,t dHhVJ epiP dfbjdibJ sgbJ qjigbJ a[QJ a[ s[eJ sg 

Wiwa Vjv dli RpKyj wi w[ `?i Vjv spVgbJ s[ hi w'V[ dry Q{ia 

Vjv dryi ih[ hJ m dHhVJ lPiWgiJ sgbJ wpiWjVgbJ } Ijs wi 

w[ dl,t w"q Feag a[ Lwag s[ lpq[v } lqapv i,tS vHg RpaLjdha 

hp.sg h{ m 

6 uPV@ 1984 sj dsV rg dl,t dHdahjl dry dHw z,vPzji[ s[ 

Vjq Vjv dvdtbj ujr[ej m dHl dsV bj;js bt"ag l{wpvi lB[B 

dh>splajV sg dh>sP liwji V[ l+g bwjv a?a@ b>Ddq+ali } W.WJ Vjv 

Rpcj ds,aj a[ h;jiJ hg dl>z dl>zSgbJ ba[ W,Dy[ dqvBig V[ lB[V e.VJ 

Vjv Fp.V ds,Da[ m bV[wJ hg dVis'L epiP s[ l[rw b"iaJ a[ W,Dy[ ldaepiP 

biuV s[r ug s[ Lhgsg dsrl sg Ijs dry siWji ljdhW b>Ddq+ali 

fhp.y[ lV@ ;jvqJ sgbJ dVisHg a'fJ Vjv Lhgs wi ds,Da[ eH[ m dH>Vj 

;pvq h'S s[ WjruPs hpS aw rg f>ujW sg dl,t rl'G ci a[ ldhq sj 

ugrV ugM ihg h{ m f>ujW'G bjH[ v'w dHhVJ ;jvqJ sgbJ vP.~w.c[ tC[ 

wiV rjvgbJ wiaPaJ s,ls[ hV m f>ujW dry dHl lq[G dqvBig hg 

dqvBig V;i bjMsg h{ m dH>sij liwji fPig Lwag Vjv dl,t Vlv 

} ?aq uJ dViWv wiV vHg apvg W{ng h{@ lqJ s,Dl[ej dw hjvja 

dwl wirB W{ns[ hV m 

vjLJ s[ b>Wji@ epispbjdibJ } Tjh T[ig wiVj@ idh>s[ dl,tJ s[ 

dliJ s[ qp,v f{S[ ba[ ;pvq sg y,wg dry NPn[ qpw,sq[ siu wiV[@ rwa 

sgbJ hwPqaJ s[ ;pvq dl,t w"q V[ fdhvg rji Vhk a,Dw[ m dl,t w"q sj 

uVq hg t>c[ sg Zji a'G h'dHbj h{ m l,y $a[ y,vSj bda wdnV h{@ us 

dw hi fjl[ NPn sg wjvg hV[ig ija sj fjljij h'r[ m epiP e'dW>s dl>z 

ug s[ lq[G qplvqjV hjwqJ a[ fhjCg ijdubJ V[ bV.sfpi spbjv[ Whpa 


1984^ vhP s[ h.NP 

289 

v.qj lqJ z[ij fj i,Ddtbj lg m b,u~w,v% s[ ds,vg s[ ajusjiJ s[ WjdWbJ 

a[ VwCsjdsbJ V[ NPngbJ wlqJ tj w[ z[ij yp,wS sj WyV ds,aj lg 

fi h'dHbj wg ( h;jiJ hg dl>z dl>zSgbJ a[ W,Dy[ Lhgs wi ds,Da[ m 

bV[wJ hg lilj Vsg s[ F[B yC%[ a[ Whpa lji[ epiP fjdaLjh@ RphVJ 

s[ siWjig wrgbJ a[ d`vjlìJ s[ h,o dvta e+.o rg lilj Vsg dry 

ipC% eH[ m qjaj epuig ug a[ epiP w[ qdhv ba[ W,Dy[ drAC eH[ m qjaj 

ug a[ s' A'B[ ljdhW;js[ wfBg e.eP W+jhqS V[ ;jvqJ s[ hrjv[ wi 

ds,Da[ m àdheC% ljdhW epispbjij A'B[ ljdhW;js[ a[ qjaj ug sg 

Lhjsa sg dVLjVg h{ m 22 sl.Wi@ 1704 yqw"i ljdhW sg eC%g rg 

dHl[ ai%J z,vPzji[ sg Ijseji h{ m dHl dry rg h;jiJ dl>zJ sj ujVg 

a[ qjvg VpwljV h'dHbj m fi f>o s[ rjvg epiP e'dW>s dl>z bc'v l,Dy[ 

qjie $a[ y,vs[ ih[ a[ l.eaJ } l,yg l[Z ds>s[ ih[ m 

s[h dlrj Wi q'dh dHh{@ 

lpF wiqV a[ wWhP. V Bi'G mm 

V ci'G bip l'G uW ujdH vi'G@ 

dVly{ wi bjfVg uga wi'G mm 

bip dlt h'G bjfV[ hg qV w"@ 

dHh vjvy hRp epV aRp Rpyi'G mm 

uW bjr wg bRpZ dVZjV WV{@ 

ba hg iV q{ aW uPN qi'G mm \l:{Ij@ y.cg ydia=| 

sg dqljv wjdHq wgag m slq fjdaLjh s[ u'ag u'da lqjRpS Wjbs 

rg dHh z,vPzji[ ujig ih[ m 

l.V 1748 ijqi"Sg@ w,yg eC%g uJ dwv%j \ijqeC% b>Ddq+ali| dry 

500 dl>z lV m bsgVj W[e sgbJ `"uJ V[ z[ij fj i,Ddtbj lg m u,lj 

dl>z ijqeC%gbj bsgVj W[e sj dlfjh~ljvji lg@ dl,tJ drip,Z vdCbj m 

fi dl,tJ sgbJ wpiWjVgbJ a[ wav[bjq } s[t w[ flgu debj m 

f>o fjl'G qpbj`g q>e w[ dl,t `"uJ Vjv bj idvbj m 5 ìrig@ 1762 

dry r,cj z,vPzjij h'dHbj m bWsjvg a[ dl,tJ dry u.e h'Hg m dHl dry 

dl,tJ sg hji h'Hg m ajigd?~bdhqsg dry 30@000 dl>z Lhgs 

h'H[ dvdtbj h{ m qph.qs vag` a[ wV%Hgbj vjv 24@000 s,lsj h{ m 

?{i@ dl,t ?aq Vj h'H[ m vpw dAf w[ lq[G sg Rpcgw wiV v,De[ m q{vwq 

dvtsj h{ ^ 

dl,t Fjr[G bda dViWv h' yp,Dw[ lV@ fi RphVJ HgV Vhk lg 

q>Vg m dl,t w"q bjfS[ lqp,Dy[ qp,Tv[ dHdahjl dry Rpl vjB rJe 

Wvg h{@ dul } du>Vj WpNjRpS sg w'dLL wgag eHg@ Rph rZ[i[ 


290 


;'i Vjv FCwg m RphVJ b>si dHh FjrVj f{sj h' eHg lg dw 

Rph dHw #w"q$ hV@ Rph w[rv vpB[dibJ sj B'vj hg Vhk lV@ 

dul } dwl[ rg wj}V spbjij WSg liwji sWjMsg@ lajMsg 

a[ wpyvsg ih[ m 

qpHgV~Rps~sgV dul } dl,t qgi q>} bjts[ hV@ V[ bwdh ;pvq 

Tjh[ m dl,tg liPf a[ dl,t w"q } ?aq wiV sj WgCj yp,Ddwbj m fi dl,t 

h,l h,l w[ bjdibJ Vjv s'xjC hp.s[ ih[ a[ ejMs[ ih[ ^ 

q>} ljcg sjaig@ blk q>} s[ l'dH m 

duM duM q>} r,Tsj blk sPS[ yRpS[ h'dH m 

qph.qs vag` dvtsj h{ ^ 

qgi q>} V[ fhjCg ijdubJ } l?a hpwq ujig wi ds,Da[ dw 

dl,t fwC w[ df>udibJ dry W.s wi w[ vjh"i F[uSj m dHhVJ 

hpwqJ sg fjvSj h'Hg a[ l{GwC[ dl,t i';jVj vjh"i F[u[ eH[ ba[ 

ds,vg sirj;[ a'G Wjhi Vtjl uJ Lhgs e.u drt[ v,tJ siLwJ 

ljhqS[ wav wga[ eH[ m 

Rpfi dvt[ dHdahjlw hrjdvbJ a'G dl,Z hp.sj h{ dw dl,tJ $a[ ;pvq 

Vrk e,v Vhk m dHhVJ sj dVijvjfV a[ dVbjij epiqda `vl`j 

spLqSJ sgbJ V;iJ dry tBwsj dihj h{ a[ ih[ej m dl,t w"q bjfSg 

fpijaV f+>fij $a[ y,vsg ih[eg a[ ;pvq sj qpwjWvj wisg ih[eg m epiP 

fjdaLjh V[ ?jvl[ } hpwq wi w[ ds=C% wirj ds,aj h{ ^ 

?jvlj u' dViZV w' fjv[ mm 

?jvlj l' u' splB wRp ejv[ mm 

aoj ^ 

l.a RpWjiV splB RptjCV u{ a[e. u{ a[e. mm 

e'wv y.s Vji.e bjfSg fplaw Tranformation of Sikhism dry 

dvtsj h{ ^ 

epiP e'dW>s dl>z s[ lq[G dry drelS rjvj Wgu epiP VjVw 

V[ Wgdubj lg ba[ RphVJ s[ RpaijdZwjigbJ V[ dl>Ddubj lg m 

Rph a[Q dul V[ ?jvl[ sg f+daLnj sj qjie WSjdHbj@ 

dVil.s[h epiP e'dW>s dl>z V[ Tjvg lg@ f+>aP Rpl sj `"vjs epiP 

VjVw V[ f+sjV wgaj lg@ duhCj dw qjV'G RphVJ V[ dh>sP tdSu 

} Tjv w[ v'wJ dr,Dy'G uC%aj a[ rdhqf+lag aoj fpujigbJ s[ 

s.F a[ fjt>c sg q{v } w,T w[ dabji wgaj lg m 


1984^ vhP s[ h.NP 

291 

LhgsJ s[ dliaju epiP biuV a[ V"r[G fjdaLjh epiP a[Q Whjsi 

V[ ?PV Vjv dHl WPB[ } dl>Ddubj m wrg Wp,Dv%[ Ljh dvtsj h{ ^ 

bei Vj h'a[ epiP e'dW>s dl>z a' lp.Va h'ag lF wg m 

dh>sP@ dh>sg@ dh>splajV s[ Vjhi[ vjRpS rjdvbJ } dZiwji h{@ 

duhC[ bjfSj dfA'wC Fp,v W{n[ hV m lji[ dh>sP qjC[ Vhk m Whpa lji[ 

epiP zi s[ LiZjvP hV fi qpvw sg rjec'i w,BC dh>sP dìwj~f+laJ 

s[ h,o bj yp,wg h{ m 1947 a'G v{ w[ hpS aw z,B~deSag rjv[ dìdwbJ 

$a[ hqv[ ujig hV m ?jl wiw[ dl,tJ } Qva f+jf[e.c[ ijhk WsVjq 

wi w[ ?aq wiVj dh>s liwji sj fvjV h{ m u[wi w'Hg dh>sP l,y bjtsj 

rg h{ aJ Rpl sg w"S lpSsj h{ ( dh>splajV sg 1956 dry fjivgq{GB 

sg dHw W{nw dry W'vdsbJ bL'w qdhaj V[ bjdtbj@ ##s[L sg r,cg 

Whp~deSag s[L s[ dHw A'B[ duh[ dh,Dl[ dry rg z,B~deSag sg ajwa 

WisjLa wiV } dabji Vhk m blk s[L sg dlbjla dry dHl 

z,B~deSag } bjfS[ Vjv dwl ai%J i,t lwJe[@ u[ hi oJ@ hi lPW[ 

dry a[ hi ai%J s[ hjvja dry Whp~deSag bjfS[ bjf } Whp~deSag 

dry i,tSj yjhp.sg h'r[ m$ Whp~deSag sg lgVj~;'ig sgbJ dqljvJ f>ujW 

dr,Dy'G bwjvg qdVlBig sj ?jaqj wi w[ bjfS[ yqdybJ } laj dry 

dvbjRpSj_dHh' hjv wLqgi dry cjwBi `jiPw bWsp,vj sg liwji 

} dcldql wi w[ bjfSg wnfpavg liwji } yji dsV sg yJsVg 

sg W?LgL ds,ag m dh>splajV liwji sj l{wpvidH;q sj fju V.ej h' 

w[ spVgbJ ljhqS[ bj debj h{ m bwjvgbJ sgbJ q>eJ bV.sfpi ljdhW 

sj qaj@ dlbjla a[ Ziq dVif,taj s[ blPv $a[ fPigbJ RpaisgbJ 

hV@ fi dwMdw dHhVJ q>eJ sg fPiag Vjv dl,t dhisj LJa hp.sj lg@ 

dHl vHg dìwP bdarjsg@ r,trjsg bjt w[ F.dcbj uj dihj h{ m 

WjWj uiV{v dl>z ?jvlj dF>ciJrjv[ #l,y$ } tp,v%[bjq wdh ih[ 

lV m dHh l,y sj Vjhij w,BC dìwjf+la dh>sP iju s[ fju Rpz[Csj 

lg a[ spVgbJ } dl,tJ $a[ h' ih[ ;pvqJ sj VLi wisj lg m dHl vHg 

l.a uiV{v dl>z liwji sj spLqV WS debj m dF>ciJrjvj a[ Rpl s[ 

h;jiJ hg ljog q"a s[ zjB Rpaji ds,Da[_Vjv hg fjfgbJ V[ W[epVjh 

siLV bdFvjLgbJ } bdVbjHg q"a[ qji ds,aj m qhjV fdr,ai blojV 

sg fdr,aiaj F.e wgag@ b>Ddq+ali li'ri ?PV' ?PV wi ds,aj m bwjv 

a?a } Tjh T[ig wi w[ dl,tJ sg lisjig } r.ejdibj m dHl lq[G hi 

dl,t@ wg Wp,Tj@ wg upbjV@ wg W,yj a[ wg b"ia@ Wsv[ sg FjrVj Vjv 

RpWv dihj h{ m faj Vhk ws'G dHh vjrj xp,B w[ dDHhVJ fjfgbJ } VjL 

wi s[r[ m 


292 


wHg rwa sgbJ liwjiJ ;pvq wisgbJ Vjl h' eHgbJ m fpijaV 

a[ riaqjV dHdahjl erjh h{ dw W.sPw sg e'vg dl,t w"q } sWj Vhk 

lw[eg m dh>sP liwji sj hLi rg qpQvJ a[ e'ij Ljhg rjvj hg h'r[ej m 

dh>s liwji a[ dl,tJ dry hpS Whpa r,cj fjCj f{ yp,Ddwbj h{ m dh>sP a[ 

dl,t rg dHw sPli[ $a[ dHaWji Vhk wi ih[ m u[wi bwjvg sv sgbJ 

ljigbJ q>eJ fPigbJ rg wi ds,agbJ ujS aJ rg dl,t w"q bwjv a?a 

sg z'i W[bsWg } lsj Ijs i,Dt[eg ba[ lqJ bjRpS $a[ fjHg Fjug 

drbju lq[a rjfl wi w[ ljh vr[eg m dHh ljcg f+>fij h{ a[ lgVj~ 

WlgVj yvg bj ihg qiIjsj h{ m 


\s[l f=s[l@ 10!8!1984|

Ljh qph.qsj b>a } l'Hg h'Sj 

u' wi[ej ?jvlj f>o qgbJ 

dlbjlg f>DdcaJ s[ btjS qpajdWw dHdahjl tPh sgbJ dB>cJ rJeP. 

Wji Wji sphijdHbj uJsj h{ m LjdHs b,u~w,v% b>Ddq+aZjig dl>z 

dl>zSgbJ $a[ h' dihj ;pvq dfAv[ dHdahjl s[ riw[ sg hg alrgi 

h{ m f>u lsgbJ fpijSj dl,t dHdahjl ?PV dF,uj hg dwhj uj lwsj h{ m 

dHl lq[G dry dl,t w"q V[ wHg aWjhg s[ N,tCJ sj qpwjWvj wgaj m wHg 

q,vJ rg qjigbJ a[ wHg r[iJ hji sj qP>h rg r[dtbj@ fi HgV ws[ Vhk 

q>Vg m Mu r[dtbj ujr[ aJ rwag du,aJ hjiJ aJ hi qpvw a[ w"q s[ 

dHdahjl dry bjMsgbJ hV m dh>sP w"q $a[ rg b{lj lqJ bjdHbj dul 

} bda wdnVjHgbJ a[ d;,va Fdibj bjt lws[ hJ m dHh Qpvjqg sj 

lqJ wHg lsgbJ dihj@ dul sj bli hi W.s[ s[ dsv dsqjQ $a[ FjiP 

idhS wi w[ lqjug f,Dt'G rg hgSj a[ VgrJ dihj m 

f>si%rk lsg s[ b>av[ shjw[ dry ds,vg s[ WjsLjh dlw.si v'Zg 

Wji[ ajig?~H[~sRpsg sj iy[aj dvtsj h{ dw Rpl V[ qoij s[ dh>sP q>siJ 

} Tjh T[ig wi w[ wjìJ s[ dHl r,Dc[ eC% } dq,Bg dry dqvj ds,aj 

lg ba[ q>siJ sgbJ f,oiJ sgbJ qPiagbJ } wljHgbJ s[ hrjv[ wi 

ds,aj lg aJ dw Rph RphVJ } eRP sj qjl a'vS vHg r,DdBbJ s[ a"i 

$a[ dHla[qjv wiV m dHl[ ai%J Rpl V[ Veiw'B a[ urjvjqptg s[ q>siJ 

sgbJ qPiagbJ a'C w[ wljHgbJ s[ hrjv[ wi ds,agbJ m Rpl V[ dh>sPbJ 

sg hujqa wiV sg rg qVjhg s[ hpwq s[ i,Dt[ lV@ dul wjiV w'Hg 

rg VjHg RphVJ sg hujqa wiV vHg dabji Vhk lg hp.sj m 

dHh ;pvq vejaji lji[ qpQv WjsLjhJ lq[G y,vsj dihj m bwWi 

WjsLjh } ijufPaJ V[ bjfSgbJ wpCgbJ s[ c'v[ rg ds,Da[ m f+dl,Z 

dHdahjlwji l+g ijq Liqj ba[ hig ijq epfaj bVplji Rpl s[ ijuwjv 

lq[G rg dh>sPbJ Vjv bduh[ ragi[ dry w'Hg Whpaj ìw Vhk lg dfbj m 

dh>sP w"q V[ dHl Qpvjqg s[ uPv[ } aV'G qV'G lrgwji wi dvbj lg m 


294 


dHl h' ihg spisLj drip,Z dHhVJ s[ dwl[ dHw bjeP V[ rg bjrj; Vhk 

lg RpnjHg m e'wv y.s Vji.e V[ n'w ruj w[ l,y dvdtbj dw dh>s s[ 

fgi epiP VjVw a'G fdhv'G a[ wj`g lq[G Wjbs aw dwl[ dh>sP V[ dHl 

;pvq dlaq s[ d?vj` bjrj; Wpv.s Vhk wgag m epiP VjVw fjdaLjh 

V[ dHhVJ ujWiJ } ##iju[ lgh qpwsq wpa[$$ bjdtbj ba[ WjWi s[ ;pvq 

} fdr,ai WjSg ijhk V.debJ wgaj ^ 

pwp kI jµ\ lY kwblhu DwieAw jorI mMgY dwnu vy lwlo ] 

srmu Drmu duie Cip Kloey kUVu iPrY prDwnu vy lwlo ] 

kwjIAw bwmxw kI gl QkI Agdu pVY sYqwnu vy lwlo ] 

\f>Vj 722| 

a[ Wjwg V"G fjdaLjhJ V[ ;pvq qPhi[ NpwS sg WujdH LJaqHg a[ 

lPiqajHg Vjv qpwjWvj wiV sg f+[iVj ds,ag m epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug s[ 

bjs[L qpajdWw dw us LJaqHg yjij Vj y,v[ aJ dl,t sj Ziq h{ dw 

uWi } l'Z s[r[@ ##yP.wji b; hqj hgva[ si ep;La mm hvjv bla 

WpisV Wj LqLgi sla mm$$ dHh' hg wjiV h{ dw dl,t w"q V[ wsg rg 

HgV Vhk q>Vg m r,Dc[ z,vPzji[ dry 30@000 dl>z dl>zSgbJ Lhgs h'H[ m 

deSag s[ dl,t idh eH[ lV a[ Rph rg u.evJ fhjCJ dry vpw dAf 

w[ rwa w,B ih[ lV m fhjCg a[ qplvqjV iju[ dl,tJ } ?aq wi s[S 

sgbJ WC%wJ qji ih[ lV fi dl,t ?aq Vhk h'H[ m dh>sP a[ dl,tJ dry 

dHh' hg r,cj ìw h{ dw dh>sPbJ V[ lsgbJ Qpvjq idh w[ dHl } lrgwji 

wi dvbj lg a[ dl,tJ V[ dHl spisLj } ws[ rg WisjLa Vhk wgaj m 

spVgbJ dry h'i rg Whjsi w"qJ r,lsgbJ hV m IhPsgbJ sj 

dHdahjl rg dl,tJ rjeP. LhgsgbJ Vjv Fdibj h'dHbj h{ m dhBvi V[ 

v,tJ hg IhPsg qisJ@ b"iaJ a[ W,DdybJ } e{l w{GfJ dry W.s wi w[ 

q"a s[ zjB Rpajdibj m IhPsgbJ sg H[cg r,cg aWjhg dHdahjl dry 

dwZi[ h'i Vhk dqvsg m dHhVJ WhjsiJ V[ rg HgV Vhk q>Vg a[ Ziq 

Vhk A,Ddcbj m dHl lq[G dH;ijHgv dHhVJ sj bjfSj qpvw h{ a[ spVgbJ 

dry ajwari lqdNbj uJsj h{ m dHl[ ai%J dhBvi V[ iPl s[ r,Dc[ r,Dc[ 

LdhiJ $a[ wW;j wi w[ vjLJ s[ fhjC tC[ wi ds,Da[@ fi Whjsi iPlg 

vCs[ ih[ a[ HgV Vhk q>Vg m b,u iPl spVgbJ sg qhjV ajwa h{ a[ 

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epiP e'dW>s dl>z ug } bV.sfpi A,cS Wjbs dw,cg r,cg aWjhg 

sj ljhqSj wiVj dfbj@ fi hji Vhk q>Vg a[ ?jvlj w"q } ;pvq drip,Z 

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Ljh qph.qsj b>a } l'Hg h'Sj u' wi[ej ?jvlj f>o qgbJ 

295 

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fjf hg Rpl } v{ cp,Ws[ hV m 

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wdh w[ qpwjWv[ sj cijqj iy w[ dLwji wgaj uj dihj h{ m epispbjdibJ 

} a'fJ Vjv Tjh T[ig wgaj uj dihj h{ m b,u spijVgbJ s[ ;pvq sg 

Ijs aj;j h' ihg h{ m 

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wjdHq wgag m 


296 


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dwM ( 

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297 

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du,a dHw yqawji a'G z,B Vhk@ us dw hi w'Hg ujSsj h{ dw wJeil 

qpvw sg dVzisg uj ihg hjva sg ;p.q[rji h{ m HglB a[ r{lB sgbJ 

b?WjiJ ijugr a[ wJeil fjiBg sg wjqIjWg s[ wjiVJ $a[ Bgwj 

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} Lhgs sj siuj ds,aj debj a[ lqp,yg dl,t w"q } ;jvq@ hdabji[ 

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ds,vg s[ Vr[G ajusji') f>o ?jvlj } lqN' 

299 

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s[ dWbjVJ dr,Dy'G s[ dihj hJ ^ 


300 


‘Rajiv pledged new Sikh deal. He promised a new strategy 

for solving the problems of the troubled Punjab province, where 

Sikh extremists have been locked in confrontation with the Army 

for two years. (London Observer, 30.12.84) 

His top priority would be a solution of the crises in the 

Punjab Northern Sikh State in which extremists have been waging 

an insuregency compaign for a separate state, which has claimed 

hundreds of lives. Mr. Gandhi declared, we have some plan to find 

a solution but it would not be prudent for me to reveal it now. 

(Daily Telegraph, 31.12.84) 

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301 

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Ziq dWVj lF sv{ qv{ h{ mm 


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304 


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e,v h{ bwaPWi 1947 dry dh>s liwji V[ dHw epfa liwpvi ujig 

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liwji s[ q,Do[ F.dVbj lg m f+dl,Z RpisP s[ uiVdvlB VjVw y.s Vj; 

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dry wjqIjW h' hg debj lg m 

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sj fPiS dVI.aiS h' debj lg m 

\e'wv y.s Vji.e@ l`j 276| 

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sj `jdHsj RpnjRpSj LpiP wi ds,aj m ljig ijulg ajwa qhjdLbJ V[ 


lq[G sg fpwji 

305 

hdobj vHg a[ bj;jsg dqvS Rpfi.a dl,tJ } Qpvjq a[ dh>sP Ziq dry 

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wn'i ir,Hgbj bfVjMsg eHg m 1984 sj ljv dl,tJ vHg wav[bjq@ 

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eH[ dh>sPbJ Wji[ L'w sj qaj fjl wgaj debj fi dl,tJ s[ h'H[ wav[bjq 

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h'H[ hV m 2 uPV@ 1987 v.cV ejicgbV s[ fdhv[ l`[ sg ?Wi dry 

dvdtbj h{ ^ 

Indian Gunboats on alert, Armed Indian coastguards ships 

are standing by to engage the Sri Lankan Navy, if it tries 

to stop a shipment of relief supplies to Jaffna peninsula 

tomorrow...The Indian move was denounced as ‘an 

infringement of sovereignty and infriendly act’ by the Sri 

Lankan National Security Minister. 

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306 


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h{ ^ 

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s[ VL[ dry fjev WSj ds>sj h{ m 

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h{ m 

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lj} ljdibJ } lqNSg yjhgsg h{ m 


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dHqdahjV fjl wi w[ dceig v{S vHg b,Dc'~b,ci[ drL[ hV@ fi fPiV 



309 

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V[ Fjia $a[ wHg hqv[ wga[ m dl,tJ s[ epispbji[ rg Tjh T[ig wga[ m 

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sj dl,ZJa rg w.q wisj h{ m fi sPli[ W.V[ Fjia s[ dh>sP ijdubJ V[ 

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rg qdh`P; Vhk lV m qplvqjV hjwqJ V[ avrji sg ajwa Vjv dh>sPbJ 

} qplvqjV WSjdHbj m dHh' hg t[v dh>sP 1947 a'G Wjbs ajwa dry 

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dh>sP@ dh>splajV s[ `vl`[ } n'lS sg fjdvlg wjiV@ duo[ ws[ dh>sP 

qpldvq `ljs hp.s[ lV@ hpS dh>sP~dl,t `ljs bjq h'S v,e fH[ hV m wjiV 

dli` Whp~deSag s[ v'wJ sg dìwP fjdvlg m 

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w{o'dvw sj ZjiVg h{ m liwji iPl~f,tg h'S wiw[ wjiv qjiwl Fjr 

wdqRPdVlB doRPig sj f+yji wisg h{ m uPV 1983 } u"hV f'f@ duhCj 

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dw Rph bjfS[ Wji[ `{lv[ v{ lw[ m$$ (Oct. 1983, Plain Truth) lj` ;jdhi 

h{ dw f'f duhCj i'qV w{o'dvw sj epiP h{@ V[ f'v{Gc sg ijuVgag } 

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idh w[ rg y,v lws[ hV m 


310 


24!6!83 sg ejicgbV v.cV sg f+dl,Z b?Wji V[ dHl awigi 

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h{ m 

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dHlvjq hqvjriJ Vjv debj m siblv Fjiag qplvqjV lji[ hg dh>sP 

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ljo ds,aj m biuV } yy[i[ FijrJ $a[ hqvj wiV vHg h,vj L[ig ds,ag m 

f+dl,Z dh>sP dHdahjlwji P. Sen, page 18 $a[ bjfSg dwajW wpiPwL[ai 

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dvtsj h{ m 

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h,oJ Vjv dvdtbj h{ ^ 

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h{ m 

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Ziq z,B hp.sj lg m 

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dH>sij eJZg s[ lq[G a'G hg `jd;vwj@ bW'hi s[ dHvjdwbJ } t'h 

w[ hdibjSj } s[S s[ IaV ujig hV dwMdw dHV%J dHvjdwbJ 

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s[ dh>sP Vhk yjhp.s[ m 

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312 


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wiVg a[ h;jiJ qjlPqJ sg bjhPag rg dHw ijulg yjv hg lg m 

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hC,f wiVj yjhp.sj ]m 

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313 

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hq dHh wju uea q' bjH[ mm 

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vHg q{sjV dry dVai[ej m 

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w[ w"q sj wpN rg l.rjdibj Vhk uj lwsj m dWW[w Wp,Zg Vjv l'ygH[ 

a[ dl,Z hp.sj h{ dw ljc[ bu'w[ vgci w"q } ngw l[Z s[ lwS s[ wjWv 

Vhk hV m q'iyj f>ujW sg ?pLhjvg a[ dl,tJ sg yC%sg wvj vHg vjdHbj 

lg fi blk lF wpN epbj W{n[ hJ m l,Dy[ hp.s[ h'H[ rg spVgbJ lj} L,w 

sg dVejh Vjv r[tsg h{ m 


316 


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dl,t w"q sg VpqjdH>seg wiV sj sjbrj wisgbJ hV m drs[LJ dry 

rg wHg dHh' duhgbJ fjiBgbJ RpKn tCgbJ hV m dHhVJ s[ dwisji 

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ngw h{ WiVjvj eip,f V[ QvagbJ wgagbJ m f>o Vjv Q,sjig 

wi w[ Fjia liwji sg N'vg uj dc,ej m ws[ l'dybj@ b{lj dwM h'dHbj ( 

dHv{wLV dry bwjvg fjiBg wjqIjW h'Hg a[ bl{GWvg dry Whpqa 

f+jfa wgaj m WiVjv[ s[ yg` qdVlBi WSV $a[ wpilg~Ip,Z LpiP h' debj m 

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y'ig~dAf[ ds,vg s[ ajusjiJ sg yjfvPlg LpiP wi ds,ag a[ f>ujW s[ vgci 

WSV vHg q>sj y.ej@ y.ej q>sj sg W'vg W'vS v,e fH[ m Fjia liwji 

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sg l;j dqv eHg m fi blk dl,Ddtbj wpN rg Vj le'G dHw sPli[ } Vgyj 

dstjRpS vHg da,Dt[ hqv[ wiV[ LpiP wi ds,Da[ m dHw,Dn[ h'S sg WujH[ 

bwjvg fjiBg wHg ZdCbJ dry r.cg eHg m 

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ljWa h'Hg m dHl s[ vgci rg up,ak sjv r.cs[ hg ds,ls[ hV m dli` 

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q>aig s[ dri'ZgbJ Vjv h'Hg dHw qgdB>e dry bjdtbj dw lisji f+wjL 

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s[ bhps[sjiJ sg y'S wiV vHg b>Ddq+ali sg WujH[ bV.sfpi ljdhW 

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ujS sj l.w[a hg h{ m 

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318 


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h{ m 

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f[L wgaj ujr[@ dHw Vj dHw dsV NPn s[ W,sv x,B w[ l,y sj lPiu 

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vgciJ fjl'G 31 bwaPWi@ 1984 } ds,vg H[bif'iB $a[ fhp.ydsbJ lji 

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wgag eHg m dHh ljwj H[Vj dFbjVw a[ I'uVjW,Z lg dw dHl } dvtS 

v,DdebJ wvq } w.WSg dAC f{Gsg h{ m 

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`ji dlrv dvWiBg; 1984 r,Dv'G Afg dif'iB #s'Lg w"S hV$ dr,Dy'G 

fjnwJ sg dsvylfg vHg wpN BPwJ f[L hV m Ijs i,tS rjvg e,v h{ 

dw dHh dwajW Fjia liwji s[ hpwq Vjv wHg ljv ;Wa ihg m dlbjS[ 

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s[ WjruPs rg dHh dwajW h,Do'~h,og s[lJ a[ f+s[lJ dry fhp.y eHg lg m 

Ljlaig s[ dWbjV V[ duo[ dHl dif'iB sg fpLBg wgag h{@ Rpo[ wJeil 

fjiBg sg dìwP fjdvlg } rg V.ej wi ds,aj h{ m dHhVJ uVaw uqhPig 

l.lojrJ sg berjHg uldBl lgwig@ uldBl ajiwp.c[ rie[ wj}VsjV 

a[ iuVg wpnjig rie[ f+dl,Z f,aiwjiJ V[ wgag lg m dHhVJ dif'iBJ 

} dabji wiV rjv[ lji[ dh>sP rgi lV m Z.V hV dHh v'w@ duhVJ V[ 

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322 


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Gurmat Gaaddi Raah - globalgurmat.com

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