1 farnavazis sizmari da mefobis legitimaciis tipologia `cxovreba ...
1 farnavazis sizmari da mefobis legitimaciis tipologia `cxovreba ...
1 farnavazis sizmari da mefobis legitimaciis tipologia `cxovreba ...
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<strong>farnavazis</strong> <strong>sizmari</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>mefobis</strong> <strong>legitimaciis</strong> <strong>tipologia</strong><br />
<strong>`cxovreba</strong> <strong>farnavazis</strong>i~ _ `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Semadgeneli nawili<br />
sruliad gansakuTrebuli Txzulebaa. igi SeiZleba ganvixiloT<br />
rogorc fuZemdebluri teqsti, romelic gadmogvcems qveynisa <strong>da</strong><br />
xalxis istoriaSi udidesi gar<strong>da</strong>texis movlenas: xelisuflebis<br />
erTi sistemi<strong>da</strong>n _ mamasaxlisobi<strong>da</strong>n, meore sistemaze _ mefobaze,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>svlas.<br />
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs Txzulebis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSive<br />
gadmocemuli <strong>sizmari</strong> <strong>farnavazis</strong>a, unikaluri teqsti, romelic<br />
mravali aspeqtiT ganxilvas saWiroebs, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c masSi erTi<br />
wakiTxviTac ki va<strong>da</strong>sturebT miTologemebis siuxves, romelTagan Tu<br />
TiToeuli erTmaneTTan aris siRrmisulad <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli, meore<br />
mxriv, yvelani erTad erT konceptSi iyrian Tavs. es koncepti aris<br />
mefoba, romlis legitimacias teqstSi arsebuli yvela miTologema<br />
emsaxureba.<br />
`mefe” <strong>farnavazis</strong> sizmris centraluri miTologemaa. <strong>farnavazis</strong><br />
<strong>sizmari</strong> xom misi patronis gamefebis miTosia. farnavazi miTosurad<br />
<strong>da</strong> istoriula<strong>da</strong>c (is ar iyo mefis Svili), pirveli mefea. is<br />
pirvelad qmnis saqarTvelos qveyanas im saxiT, ra saxiTac is<br />
istoriul sinamdvileSi, Tun<strong>da</strong>c, misi Caweris xanaSi arsebobs.<br />
<strong>farnavazis</strong>, rogorc demiurgis, moRvaweoba uzurpatorisgan qveynis<br />
gamoxsniT iwyeba (mefe arsebiTad `mxsnelia~) <strong>da</strong> qveynis struqturis<br />
SeqmniT (teritoriul-administraciul <strong>da</strong>yofa), saerTo kultis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wesebiT, mwignobrobis SemoRebiT <strong>da</strong> qarTuli enis (rogorc<br />
kulturisa <strong>da</strong> erTiani qveynis samarTavi iaraRi rkinis iaraRTan<br />
erTad) hegemoniis <strong>da</strong>myarebiTa <strong>da</strong> ganvrcobiT gvirgvindeba. qvemore<br />
moyvanili teqsts ganvixilavT ara mxolod rogorc saqarTvelos<br />
pirveli mefis, aramed rogorc <strong>mefobis</strong> pirvelad SemoRebis<br />
miTologiur narativs. teqsti <strong>da</strong>xunZlulia miTologemebiT,<br />
romelTa Tanamimdevroba mefed kurTxevis rituals warmogvidgens.<br />
mTliani teqsti SegviZlia sam perio<strong>da</strong>d <strong>da</strong>vyoT.<br />
I. realoba<br />
`mas Jamsa iyo Wabuki erTi mcxeTas qalaqsa Sina, romelsa saxeli erqua farnavaz.<br />
ese farnavaz iyo mamulad qarTleli, naTesavi uflosi, mcxeTosis Zisa, <strong>da</strong><br />
dedulad sparsi aspaneli. <strong>da</strong> iyo igi Zmiswuli samarisi, romeli moslvasa mas<br />
aleqsandressa mcxeTel mamasaxlisi yofiliyo. ese samar <strong>da</strong> Zma misi, mama<br />
<strong>farnavazis</strong>i, moklul iyo aleqsandresgan. xolo de<strong>da</strong>sa <strong>farnavazis</strong>sa wareyvana<br />
farnavaz, samisa wlisa yrma, <strong>da</strong> Seltolvil iyo kavkasiad <strong>da</strong> mun aRzrdil iyo<br />
<strong>da</strong> mosrul iyo mcxeTas, mamulsa Tvissa.<br />
xolo ese farnavaz iyo kaci gonieri, mÃe<strong>da</strong>ri SemmarTebeli <strong>da</strong> monadire<br />
Ãelovani. <strong>da</strong> imalvi<strong>da</strong> igi sikeTesa Tvissa azonis SiSisagan. xolo<br />
monadireobiTa misiTa iqmna mecnier azonisa, <strong>da</strong> Seiyuara igi azonman<br />
monadireobisaTvis. evedrebo<strong>da</strong> farnavazs de<strong>da</strong> misi: Svilo Cemo, ekrZale azons<br />
<strong>da</strong> nura-ras iCineb Tavisa Senisa sikeTesa, nu ukue mogklan Sen. <strong>da</strong> iyo SiSi <strong>da</strong><br />
Zrwola mas ze<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong> viTar ganmravl<strong>da</strong> SiSi azonisi maT ze<strong>da</strong>, rqua farnavazs<br />
de<strong>da</strong>man misman: Svilo Cemo, <strong>da</strong>uteve sayofeli mamaTa SenTa <strong>da</strong> warmiyvane mamulsa<br />
Cemsa aspans, ZmaTa CemTa Tana, <strong>da</strong> ganere Sen cocxali Ãelisagan azonisa.<br />
1
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>amtkices ganzraxva ese: warslva aspanisa. Wir uCn<strong>da</strong> farnavazs <strong>da</strong>teveba<br />
sayofelsa mamaTa misTasa, aramed SiSisagan didisa <strong>da</strong>amtkica warslva.<br />
II. a) <strong>sizmari</strong> <strong>da</strong> b) cxadi<br />
a) maSin ixila farnavaz <strong>sizmari</strong>, reca iyo igi saxlsa Sina ukacursa <strong>da</strong><br />
egulvebo<strong>da</strong> ganslva <strong>da</strong> ver ganvi<strong>da</strong>. maSin Semovi<strong>da</strong> sarkumelsa missa Suqi mzisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> moertya welTa misTa <strong>da</strong> ganizi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ganiyvana sarkumelsa mas. <strong>da</strong> viTar<br />
ganvi<strong>da</strong> velad, ixila mze qve-m<strong>da</strong>blad, mihyo Ãeli misi, mohÃoca cuari pirsa misasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> icxo pirsa missa. ganiRviZa farnavaz <strong>da</strong> ganukvir<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Tqua: <strong>sizmari</strong> igi ese<br />
ars: me warval aspans <strong>da</strong> mun keTilsa mivecemi.<br />
b) xolo mas dResa Sina ganvi<strong>da</strong> farnavaz <strong>da</strong> nadirob<strong>da</strong> marto <strong>da</strong> devna uyo<br />
iremTa velsa diRomisasa. <strong>da</strong> ivltodes iremni RirRalTa Sina tfilisisaTa.<br />
misdev<strong>da</strong> farnavaz, styorca isari <strong>da</strong> hkra iremsa. <strong>da</strong> mcired warvlo iremman <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>eca Zirsa kldisasa. mivi<strong>da</strong> farnavaz iremsa ze<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong> dRe igi mwuxri gar<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>.<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>j<strong>da</strong> iremsa mis Tana, raÁTamca <strong>da</strong>yo mun Rame <strong>da</strong> dileulmca warvi<strong>da</strong>.<br />
xolo kldisa mis Zirsa quabi iyo, romlisa kari aRmoqmnul iyo qviTa Zuelad, <strong>da</strong><br />
siZueliTa Sehqmno<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rRueva Senebulsa mas. maSin <strong>da</strong>asxa wvima mZafri. xolo<br />
farnavaz aRmoiRo Cuglugi <strong>da</strong> gamoarRvia kari quabisa mis, raÁTamca mun Siga<br />
<strong>da</strong>imSrala wvimisa misgan, <strong>da</strong> Sevi<strong>da</strong> quabsa mas. <strong>da</strong> ixila mun-Sina ganZi<br />
miuwdomeli, oqro <strong>da</strong> vecxli <strong>da</strong> samsaxurebeli oqroÁsa <strong>da</strong> vecxlisa miuwdomeli.<br />
III. istoriuli Sedegebi<br />
...maSin farnavaz wargzavna mona TÂsi qujis Tana <strong>da</strong> rqua: me var naTesavi uflos<br />
mcxeTosis Zisa <strong>da</strong> Zmiswuli samara mamasaxlisisa, <strong>da</strong> ars CemTana xuastagi didZali.<br />
Aaw inebo, raTa miT xuastagiTa movide Sen Tana <strong>da</strong> viyvneT Cuen Zma <strong>da</strong> viÃmaroT<br />
Cuen xvastagi igi orTave. gamouCndeT Cuen mterad azon erisTavsa <strong>da</strong> sueman<br />
Cuenman guces Cuen Zleva keTili.<br />
maSin ganixara quji sixaruliTa didiTa <strong>da</strong> rqua: aRdeg <strong>da</strong> moved Cem Tana <strong>da</strong> nu Surob<br />
xuastagsa Sensa <strong>da</strong> xuastagiTa SeniTa gangimravlne spani Senni, vidre gamovCndeT<br />
mterad azonisa, maSin ganixaron yovelTa qarTvelTa awyuedilTa misgan <strong>da</strong><br />
miwyudeulTa...<br />
maSin farnavaz farulad warvi<strong>da</strong> sixaruliTa <strong>da</strong>, romeli SesaZlebel iyo ganZisa misgan,<br />
waritana Tana <strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>ca <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ni misni mis Tana. <strong>da</strong> mividis qujis Tana <strong>da</strong> rqua mas<br />
quji: Sen xar Svili TavTa maT qarTlisaTa <strong>da</strong> Sen gmarTebs ufloba Cemi. aw nu Surob<br />
xuastagsa Sensa, raTa ganvamravlneT spani. D<strong>da</strong>, ukueTu mogueces Zleva, Sen xar ufali<br />
Cueni <strong>da</strong> me var mona Seni...<br />
...maSin yovelni qarTvelni ganudges azons... xolo movi<strong>da</strong> farnavaz mcxeTas <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ipyrna<br />
oTxni igi cixeni mcxeTisani. <strong>da</strong> masve welsa <strong>da</strong>ipyra yoveli qarTli TÂnier klarjeTisa.<br />
aman farnavaz waravlinna mociqulni winaSe mefisa antioqos asurastanisa <strong>da</strong> warsca<br />
ZRueni didZali. D<strong>da</strong> aRuTqua msaxureba. <strong>da</strong> iTxova misgan Sewevna berZenTa ze<strong>da</strong>.<br />
xolo antioqos Seiwynara ZRueni misi <strong>da</strong> uwo<strong>da</strong> Svilad TÂsad, <strong>da</strong> warmosca gÂrgÂni...<br />
<strong>da</strong> amanve farnavaz Seqmna kerpi didi saxelsa ze<strong>da</strong> TÂssa: ese ars armazi, rameTu<br />
farnavazs sparsulad armaz erqua. amarTa kerpi igi armazi Tavsa ze<strong>da</strong> qarTlisasa <strong>da</strong><br />
mieriTgan ewo<strong>da</strong> armazi kerpisa misTÂs. D<strong>da</strong> qmna satfureba didi kerpisa misTÂs.<br />
...<strong>da</strong> ese farnavaz iyo pirveli mefe qarTlsa Sina qarTlosisa naTesavTagani. Aman<br />
ganavrco ena qarTuli <strong>da</strong> arRara izraxebo<strong>da</strong> sxua ena qarTlsa Sina TÂnier qarTulisa. D<strong>da</strong><br />
aman Seqmna mwignobroba qarTuli” [1, 20-26].<br />
Cveni analizis sagania moyvanili teqstis II pasaJi anu `<strong>sizmari</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
cxadi~, romlebic sasworis Tanabrad <strong>da</strong>tvirTuli pinebiviT aris<br />
gawonasworebuli: araferia iseTi sizmarSi, romlis gamoZaxili ar<br />
iyos cxadSi, sizmris simbolika cxadis realuri sagnebis saxiT<br />
aris warmodgenili. Tumca TiToeul maTgans <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
mniSvnelobebi aqvs, magram, rogorc zemoT iTqva, erTmaneTTn<br />
siRrmiseuli kavSiriT arian <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli. aq gvagondeba <strong>da</strong>sawyisi<br />
sityvebi prokle diadoxosis Txzulebisa `RvTismetyvelebis<br />
safuZvlebi~: `yovelive simravle rogorme eziareba erTs~ [2:9].<br />
2
Mmeore mxriv, uadgilo ar iqneba <strong>da</strong>vimowmoT rusi metafizikosi<br />
filosofosis semion frankis Tezisi realobis metalogiuri fenis<br />
Sesaxeb, sa<strong>da</strong>c mTeli sagnobrivi realoba mocemulia rogorc<br />
erTiani ganuwyveteli mTlianoba (некое целостное сплошное единство).<br />
AamasTanave, <strong>da</strong>vimowmebT spinozas formulas, romelsac moixmobs s.<br />
franki Tavis wignSi `Непостижимое~: `qveyanaze ar aris raime <strong>da</strong><br />
arc moiazreba raime, rac TavisTavad iarsebeb<strong>da</strong>, sxva raimesTan<br />
raime kavSiris gareSe” [3:234]. ramdena<strong>da</strong>c SeuZlebelia analizis<br />
gareSe wvdoma am erTianobisa, romelsac “<strong>farnavazis</strong> cxovrebis” II<br />
monakveTi mTlianad <strong>da</strong> misi realiebi Seicavs, Cven gvixdeba<br />
`cocxali~ teqstis `viviseqcia~, raTa sabolood isini kvlav<br />
erTianobaSi movaqcioT.<br />
<strong>mefobis</strong> Senebis sawyisebi swored am sityvebis ukan <strong>da</strong>faruli<br />
realobebia. rogorc iTqva, isini metalogiur erTobaSi arian<br />
`Cawnuli~ erTmaneTSi, magram analizis interesisTvis (sxvagvarad<br />
verc moxerxdeba) maT cal-calke ritualuri mimdevrobiT<br />
ganvixilavT.<br />
Oobloba<br />
is garemoeba, rom <strong>farnavazis</strong> mama ucnobia <strong>da</strong>, amave dros, mokluli,<br />
Svils ayenebs im miTosur personaJTa rigSi, romelTa sicocxle<br />
Cvil asakSive bewvze hkidia, magram Tu ga<strong>da</strong>rCnen, didebulebas<br />
aRweven. oblobis <strong>da</strong>faruli didebis (SesaZleblobaTa) manifestacia<br />
xdeba gar<strong>da</strong>mtex periodebSi. zRapris personaJi _ oboli, ufro<br />
<strong>da</strong>mZimebuli statusiT, geri, aris uuflebo <strong>da</strong> umkvidro,<br />
wuTisoflis anabara mitovebuli bavSvi.<br />
arsebobs wuTisoflis bavSvi, wers erTgan n. berdiaevi, <strong>da</strong> arsebobs<br />
RvTis bavSvi, romelsac `bedi swyalobs~ <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sabamieri<br />
TavisuflebiT aris <strong>da</strong>jildoebuli. Cveni mxriv <strong>da</strong>vsZenT, rom de<strong>da</strong><br />
gamoxatavs RvTis samefos, xolo dedinacvali _ am wuTisofels.<br />
Sesabamisad, oboli <strong>da</strong> geri, rogorc RvTis bavSvebi, ar ekuTvnian am<br />
wuTisofels – isini ar arian misi mkvidrni. obloba <strong>da</strong> geroba aq<br />
tovebs socialur sferos <strong>da</strong> sxva ganzomilebaSi ga<strong>da</strong>dis. oboli<br />
<strong>da</strong> geri zRaprebis yvelaze sayvareli, imedis momcemi personaJia.<br />
<strong>farnavazis</strong> mefedqcevis miTosSi naklebi mniSvneloba eniWeba im<br />
garemoebas, rom misi biZa mamasaxlisi iyo. maxvili ga<strong>da</strong>tanilia mis<br />
oblobaze, romelic uTvistomobis gaZlierebuli saxea. SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, rom <strong>farnavazis</strong> <strong>mefobis</strong> sawyisi ara mis gvarovnul<br />
warmomavlobaze, aramed mis oblobaze <strong>da</strong> Tv<strong>da</strong>pirvel miusafrobazea<br />
<strong>da</strong>myarebuli.<br />
dedis rCevas _ `Svilo Cemo, <strong>da</strong>uteve sayofeli mamaTa SenTa <strong>da</strong><br />
warmiyvane mamulsa Cemsa aspans, ZmaTa CemTa Tana, <strong>da</strong> ganere Sen<br />
cocxali Ãelisagan azonisa~ _ aq imaze meti mniSvnelobas<br />
Semcvelia, rac mas yofiT ganzomlebaSi aqvs. aq aspani _ deduleTi<br />
_ miTosuri dedis uRrublo qveyanaa, sa<strong>da</strong>c farnavazma Tavi un<strong>da</strong><br />
Seafaros (an <strong>da</strong>brundes) im wuTisoflisgan, romelsac qarTlis<br />
qveyana ganasaxierebs uzurpatoris xelSi (`<strong>da</strong> iyo Wiri didi<br />
3
naTesavsa ze<strong>da</strong> qarTvelTasa~ [1:20]). sizmris `egulvebo<strong>da</strong> ganslva<br />
<strong>da</strong> ver ganvi<strong>da</strong>~ im gamouvali mdgomareobis reliefuri asaxvaa,<br />
romelsac farnavazi qarTlSi ganicdis. de<strong>da</strong> usaxeloa, radgan is<br />
dedobis princips gamoxatavs ganzogadebulad: de<strong>da</strong> _ mrCeveli,<br />
de<strong>da</strong> _ Semfarebeli, de<strong>da</strong> _ mxsneli; es usaxelo de<strong>da</strong> SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
msgavsad gilgameSis dedisa, Tavisi Svilis sizmris amxsneli<br />
yofiliyo, rom cxadiseul gamocdilebas ar gamoeaSkaravebina<br />
sizmris sazrisi.<br />
SeniSvna.* deduleTSi <strong>da</strong>bruneba <strong>farnavazis</strong>Tvis xsnis iseTive<br />
perspeqtiva iyo, rogoric gamoxatulia Sumerul konceptSi ama-ar-gi<br />
`de<strong>da</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>bruneba~ romelic gviCvenebs dedis (ama) wiaRs, kalTas,<br />
rogorc ukanasknel TavSesafars, a<strong>da</strong>mianis bunebriv samyofels. mxolod<br />
amargiSi, romelic sawyisi mdgomareobaa, poulobs a<strong>da</strong>miani Tavisuflebas,<br />
amitomac `de<strong>da</strong>sTan <strong>da</strong>bruneba~ Tavisuflebis ideis tolfasi konceptia.<br />
SeniSvna.** meore mxriv, Tu yofiT doneze ga<strong>da</strong>vinacvlebT, dedis Zmebi<br />
aspanSi <strong>farnavazis</strong>Tvis bunebiTi mfarvelebi un<strong>da</strong> yofiliyvnen. cnobilia<br />
dedisZmaTa gansakuTrebuli roli diswulis bed-iRbalSi. amas<br />
va<strong>da</strong>sturebT rogorc `primitiul~, ise <strong>da</strong>winaurebul civilizaciebSi.<br />
gavixsenoT, sad miiRo odisevsma Tavisi ganTqmuli Wriloba _<br />
identifikaciis erTgavri niSani, romliTac igi evrikleam gamoicno. an<br />
Tun<strong>da</strong>c xevsuruli: `diswuli dedisZmisgana ar gaicvlebis sxvaze<strong>da</strong>~<br />
magram <strong>farnavazis</strong> SemTxvevaSi, zebunebrivi Zalebis Carevis gamo, es<br />
SesaZlebloba ar aris realizebuli.<br />
oblobis motivi gamoyenebulia bagrationTa sagvareulos<br />
warmoSobis miTosSi. am xalxuri Tqmulebis jer-jerobiT<br />
erTaderTi varianti vaxuSti batoniSvils ekuTvnis:<br />
`vgoneb, viTarca sityva ars iverielTa Sina, rameTu iremman ganzar<strong>da</strong><br />
bagrationi, iyo ese guram raJams moukles mama <strong>da</strong> miuRes berZenTa bolo<br />
klarjeTisa, amas eZiebden <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>males gamzrdelTa <strong>da</strong> mwirobasa Sina yrma<br />
ese Seegua (var. Seudga) iremsa, awoveb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> aRivsis <strong>da</strong> avlineb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Semdgomad ixiles sakvirveli ese klarjTa, hscnes bagratovaneba misi,<br />
miiyvanes <strong>da</strong> hyves kvalad erisTav-erisTavad. sarwmuno patroni klarjTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mesxTa” [4, 694].<br />
am unikaluri teqstis bolo wina<strong>da</strong>deba _ `amisTvis iqmna umetes<br />
sarwmuno patroni~ _ mowmobs, rom misi avtorisTvis (aseve<br />
iverielebisTvis, kerZod, klarjTaTvis) oblobis, ga<strong>da</strong>malvis <strong>da</strong><br />
mwirobis es modeli Zlieri <strong>legitimaciis</strong> xarisxis mqonea.<br />
bagrationTa legitimaciaze narkvevis meore nawilSi gveqneba<br />
saubari, aq ki un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom guaramis statusi, rogorc oblisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mwirisa, miT ufro Zlieria, rom igi mokluli mamis Zea iseve,<br />
rogorc farnavazi. am modelSi niSandoblivia nulovani done,<br />
sai<strong>da</strong>nac aRzevdeba <strong>mefobis</strong> kandi<strong>da</strong>ti. es varianti <strong>da</strong>sturdeba<br />
aqadeli sargonis (Zv. w. 2334-2279) gamefebis andrezSic, sa<strong>da</strong>c aseve<br />
ar arsebobs raime wanamZRvari, romelic istoriulad gaamarTleb<strong>da</strong><br />
mis gamefebas. Tumca misi de<strong>da</strong> RvTismxevalia, magram mama ucnobia<br />
(Tumc ara mokluli), rac mis m<strong>da</strong>bio warmoSobas un<strong>da</strong><br />
gulisxmobdes. asea Tu ise, mSobeli de<strong>da</strong> TavisTan ar itovebs<br />
axladSobils <strong>da</strong> wyalSi ga<strong>da</strong>sagdebad imetebs, rasac, SesaZloa, ori<br />
mizezi hqondes: erTi is, rom bavSvi imTaviTve mosaklavad iyo<br />
4
ganwiruli (romulusisa <strong>da</strong> remusis, an bibliuri moses varianti),<br />
meore is, rom de<strong>da</strong>s surs sircxvili Camoirecxos bavSvis<br />
moSorebiT (laSa-giorgis varianti). sargons, gar<strong>da</strong> saxelisa _<br />
`mefe kanonieri~ (sharru kenu), rac imas niSnavs, rom misi <strong>mefobis</strong><br />
kanoniereba ar aris ganmtkicebuli winaparTa rigiT <strong>da</strong> moiTxovs<br />
<strong>legitimaciis</strong> sxva tips, aratradiciulad (Tumca yoveli modeli<br />
Tavad aris tradicia) ga<strong>da</strong>ecema mefoba. Cvili Casves lerwmis<br />
godorSi, Sefises igi <strong>da</strong> evfratis dinebas gaatanes. godori mebaRem<br />
amoitana wyli<strong>da</strong>n, bavSvi amosva, gazar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mebaRed <strong>da</strong>adgina.<br />
mebaReobisas Wabuki qalRmerTma iSTarma Seiyvara <strong>da</strong> Sumer-aqadis<br />
mefed gaxa<strong>da</strong>. qalRmerTis mier am arCevaSi mdgomareobs misi<br />
xarizma, ufro sworad, xarizmis pirobaa es arCeva. visTvisac amgvari<br />
narativi ar Seqmnila, un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebuliyo im sityvebiT,<br />
romlebic xaldis taZarSi <strong>da</strong>dgmul Tavis qan<strong>da</strong>ks waawera urartus<br />
mefem rusa I-ma (<strong>mefobis</strong> xani Zv. w. 734-714), rogorc Cans<br />
uzurpatorma, romlis ukan ar idga mefeTa wyeba: `Cemi ori cxeniT<br />
<strong>da</strong> Cemi meetliT Cemma marjvenam urartus mefoba moipova~ [5, str.<br />
404). aqtualuri mefis amgvari gancxadeba uprecedentoa Tavisi<br />
pir<strong>da</strong>pirobiT. igi arc ki axsenebs RmerT xaldis, romelic urartus<br />
mefeTa gamarjvebebis sulisCamdgmeli iyo. Tumca ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
gamovricxoT teqstis arseboba, sa<strong>da</strong>c rusas mefoba instituciurad<br />
iqnebo<strong>da</strong> ganmtkicebuli.<br />
SeniSvna*. pirvel brZolaSi gamarjvebas <strong>legitimaciis</strong> maRali xarisxi<br />
aqvs. fSaveli gara Turmanauli, romelmac laSaris jvris droSa xelyo<br />
xevisbris pativis uzurpaciis mizniT, swored pirvelma warmatebam<br />
(qistebis erT-erTi Temis maistis gatexvam) ixsna fSavis xevis<br />
sazogadoebis risxvisgan, ufro metic, laSaris jvris Tav-xevisbris rangSi<br />
aRazeva. cxadia, mainc saWiro gax<strong>da</strong> xelmxaris ganaTvla saxevisbrod<br />
wesisamebr [6:180-182].<br />
SeniSvna**. aSurSi (asiriaSi) <strong>legitimaciis</strong> ZiriTadi niSani iyo<br />
xangrZlivi genealogia, mamapapuri tradiciuli dinastia, riTac yoveli<br />
monarqi amayob<strong>da</strong>. Tumca zogjer mefe ar axseneb<strong>da</strong> Tavis mefur winaprebs.<br />
aSurSi arsebob<strong>da</strong> meore gza mefed gaxdomisa: pirovneba, romelic<br />
sakuTari riskiT <strong>da</strong> ZalebiT moipoveb<strong>da</strong> mefobas, Tavs RmerTebis rCeulad<br />
miiCnev<strong>da</strong>. amgvarad gamefebulTa arqetipi sargon aqadeli iyo [7:101].<br />
aSuris mefem sargonma (Zv. w. 721-705) es saxeli airCia, raTa uzurpacia<br />
gaeqarwylebina: man, TiglaTfalasar III-is ukanono Zem, taxti waarTva<br />
kanonier memkvidres, ukve gamefebul Salmanacar V-s (Zv. w. 727-722),<br />
risTvisac es saxeli `mefe kanonieri~ (sharru kenu) Soreuli warsuli<strong>da</strong>n<br />
moexmo.<br />
Tumca pirveli tipis, genealogiaze <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli, legitimacia ar<br />
gamoricxavs RmerTebis mxar<strong>da</strong>Werasac. es tipi reliefurad aris<br />
asaxuli aqemenianTa genealogiaSi, romelsac <strong>da</strong>rios I (522-486)<br />
gvamcnobs:<br />
`me var <strong>da</strong>riosi, mefe didi, mefe mefeTa, mefe sparseTisa, Ze viStaspasi,<br />
SviliSvili arSamasi, aqemeniani. ase ambobs <strong>da</strong>rios mefe: Cemi mama _<br />
viStaspa, viStaspas mama _ arSama, arSamas mama _ ariaramna, ariaramnas mama _<br />
5
CiSpiSi, CiSpiSis mama _ aqemeni. amitom viwodebiT aqemenianebad. Cven<br />
ZvelTaganve pativiT varT garemosilni, ZvelTaganve Cveni sagvareulo<br />
samefo sagvareulo iyo. Cemi sagvareulo<strong>da</strong>n Cemamde rva mefe gamovi<strong>da</strong>. me<br />
mecxre var. cxra mefe erTmaneTis miyolebiT. me ahura-maz<strong>da</strong>s nebiT var<br />
mefe. ahura-maz<strong>da</strong>m momca me mefoba~ [8:358].<br />
am genealogiaSi erTaderTi aqemeni ar aris mefuri warmomavlobis,<br />
magram is iwyebs mefobas. is moeqceva sargon aqadelis, urarteli<br />
rusas <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa, <strong>mefobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>mwyebTa wreSi, romelsac ekuTvnis<br />
farnavazi _ pirveli mefe qarTlisa. es is pirovnebani arian,<br />
romelTac TavianTi Tavi Tavad gaxades mefe. <strong>mefobis</strong> wyaro TiTqos<br />
maTSivea.<br />
Mmefe-monadire<br />
ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom farnavazi <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebulia rogorc _<br />
`monadire Ãelovani~.<br />
monadireobas sami aspeqti aqvs Cvens TemasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT: monadireoba mefis mowodeba; monadireoba rogorc<br />
suzerensa <strong>da</strong> farul mefes Soris metoqeobis piroba; monadireoba<br />
rogorc saidumlos aRmoCenis gza.<br />
ganvixiloT isini erTmaneTTan urTierTobaSi.<br />
aris sazogadoebebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c nadiroba maRali rangis<br />
saqmianobaa: is maRali wreebis privilegiaa. mxolod mefeebs <strong>da</strong><br />
didebulebs aqvT nadirobis ufleba (iqneb imis gamo, rom maTia<br />
teritoria, sa<strong>da</strong>c gareuli cxovelebi mosaxleoben?). gansakuTrebiT<br />
Zvel iranSi monadireoba mefeTa aucilebeli atributi iyo. is<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>dis miTosSi <strong>da</strong> simbolur mniSvnelobasac iZens.<br />
`xolo ese farnavaz iyo kaci gonieri, mÃe<strong>da</strong>ri SemmarTebeli <strong>da</strong> monadire<br />
Ãelovani. <strong>da</strong> imalvi<strong>da</strong> igi sikeTesa Tvissa azonis SiSisagan. xolo<br />
monadireobiTa misiTa iqmna mecnier azonisa, <strong>da</strong> Seiyuara igi azonman<br />
monadireobisaTvis. evedrebo<strong>da</strong> farnavazs de<strong>da</strong> misi: Svilo Cemo, ekrZale<br />
azons <strong>da</strong> nura-ras iCineb Tavisa Senisa sikeTesa, nu ukue mogklan Sen. <strong>da</strong><br />
iyo SiSi <strong>da</strong> Zrwola mas ze<strong>da</strong>”.<br />
farnavazs Tavisi samonadireo xelovnebis <strong>da</strong>malva uxdeba <strong>da</strong><br />
es savsebiT kanonzomieria; de<strong>da</strong> Tavisi gamWriaxobiT grZnobs<br />
safrTxes, romelic emuqreba mis vaJs swored nadirobaSi xelovnebis<br />
gamoCenis gamo, romelic, erTxelac iqneba <strong>da</strong> gamoiRebs Tavis<br />
sabediswero Sedegs. Tavisi upiratesobiT monadireobaSi farnavazi<br />
cnobierad Tu qvecnobierad mefobaze acxadebs pretenzias. Tumca<br />
farnavazsa <strong>da</strong> azos Soris <strong>da</strong>pirispireba Tavis logikur Sedegamde<br />
ar misula <strong>da</strong> dedis arcTu usafuZvlo eWvebs realizacia ar<br />
hqonia, Cven SegviZlia warmovidginoT es perspeqtiva ar<strong>da</strong>vanisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ar<strong>da</strong>Siris magaliTze. suzerensa <strong>da</strong> vasals Soris urTierTobis es<br />
modeli xorcSesxmulia `ar<strong>da</strong>Sir papakanis wignSi”, sa<strong>da</strong>c mefesa <strong>da</strong><br />
mis qveSevrdoms _ <strong>mefobis</strong> farul kandi<strong>da</strong>ts Soris sabediswero<br />
<strong>da</strong>Zabulobis mizezi swored monadireobaa, kerZod, nanadirevi,<br />
romelzec pretenzias acxadebs suzereni, rogorc yoveli<br />
6
monadirebuli mxecis potenciuri mflobeli, radgan misia mTeli<br />
qveyana.<br />
`erT dRes ar<strong>da</strong>vani cxenosnebsa <strong>da</strong> ar<strong>da</strong>SirTan erTad sanadirod wavi<strong>da</strong>.<br />
mindorSi kanjari gamoCn<strong>da</strong>; ar<strong>da</strong>Siri <strong>da</strong> ar<strong>da</strong>vanis ufrosi vaJi <strong>da</strong>edevnen.<br />
ar<strong>da</strong>Siri <strong>da</strong>ewia, isari styorcna imgvarad, rom ferdi<strong>da</strong>n mucelSi gauara<br />
<strong>da</strong> meore mxares gamovi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> kanjari adgilze <strong>da</strong>eca. ar<strong>da</strong>vani <strong>da</strong><br />
cxenosnebi mividnen. roca maT amgvari natyorcni <strong>da</strong>inaxes, gaocdnen <strong>da</strong><br />
ikiTxes: `es vin styorcna?” ar<strong>da</strong>Sirma uTxra: `es me gavakeTe”. ar<strong>da</strong>vanis<br />
vaJma Tqva: `ara, me gavakeTe”. ar<strong>da</strong>Siri ganrisx<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ar<strong>da</strong>vanis vaJs uTxra:<br />
`ara xams unarisa <strong>da</strong> vaJkacobis misakuTreba usamarTlobiT <strong>da</strong><br />
borotebiT! ai veli <strong>da</strong> ai mravali kanjari. me <strong>da</strong> Sen aq meored<br />
SevejibrebiT erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong> gamovaCenT Cvens sikarges, simardesa <strong>da</strong><br />
mamacobas”. amis gamo ar<strong>da</strong>vans guli mouvi<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ar misca ar<strong>da</strong>Sirs cxenze<br />
Sejdomis ufleba...” [9:44].<br />
ar<strong>da</strong>Sirs isRa <strong>da</strong>rCeno<strong>da</strong>, rom ukve sabediswerod <strong>da</strong>pirispirebo<strong>da</strong><br />
suzerens. is garbis. A(aq TxrobaSi mefobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sxva<br />
realiebi Semodis).<br />
am urTierTobis magaliTad SegviZlia saulisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>viTis urTierToba gavixsenoT. konfliqtis mizezi aq nadirobaSi<br />
upiratesoba ar aris, radgan biblia ar icnobs (anu ar cnobs)<br />
nadirobas. mizezi aq sabrZolo warmatebaa, romelic iwyeba norCi<br />
Wabukis mier goliaTis <strong>da</strong>marcxebiT, rodesac man sircxvilisgan<br />
ixsna israelis laSqari (1mef. 17), <strong>da</strong> gvirgvindeba mis pirvelsave<br />
brZolaSi gamarjvebiT, roca SeiTxza simRera, romelsac qalebi<br />
mRerodnen: `Semusra saulma Tavisi aTasi, xolo <strong>da</strong>viTma Tavisi<br />
aTiaTasi” (1mef. 18:7), rasac mosdevs es teqsti: `metad ganawyen<strong>da</strong><br />
sauli, ar moewona es sityvebi, Tqva: <strong>da</strong>viTs aTi aTass aZleven, me ki<br />
aTass. mefobaRa aklia” (1mef. 18:8). savsebiT bunebrivia es sityvebi.<br />
sauls, romelzec, rogorc cxebulze, dro<strong>da</strong>dro gadmodis<br />
winaswarmetyvelebis suli, SeeZlo amoecno, rom <strong>da</strong>viTi ukve uflis<br />
cxebulia. maT ukve veraferi Searigeb<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong>viTis gamefeba axla ukve<br />
mxolod drois sakiTxi iyo.<br />
SeniSvna. goliaTTan <strong>da</strong>viTis gamarjveba gaazrebulia rogorc monadiris<br />
gamarjveba mxecze. es ar aris Cveulebrivi orTabrZola, mowinaaRmdegeni<br />
arc ki SeWidebian erTmaneTs. <strong>da</strong>viTma uaryofs sabrZolo saWurvels,<br />
romliTac Tma Semosa igi. <strong>da</strong> ertaderTi iaraRiT _ SurduliT gadis<br />
goliaTis winaaRmdeg, rogorc gareul mxecebze sanadirod gadian. es misi<br />
sityvebi<strong>da</strong>nac Cans: `ufali, romelic <strong>da</strong>mixsni<strong>da</strong> xolme lomisagan <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>Tvisagan, axlac <strong>da</strong>mixsnis am filistimelisagan~ (1mef. 17:37).<br />
SevxedoT am TvalsazrisiT nadirobis epizods, romelsac<br />
`vefxistyaosnis~ kompoziciisTvis ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs.<br />
poemaSi nadirobas ori funqcia akisria, romlebic arsebiTia poemis<br />
rogorc kompoziciur, ise ideologiur WrilSi. nadirobis Sedegi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Slis axal horizonts personaJTa urTierTobaSi.<br />
gavixsenoT, ra aris mefe rostevanis pirveli <strong>da</strong>Rrejis mizezi:<br />
TinaTinis gamefebis lxinSi, roca zeimma kulminacias miaRwia.<br />
7
didebulTa gasaocrad `mefeman Tavi <strong>da</strong>hki<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> hqon<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>Rrejiloba”. didebulebma es miaweres axladgamefebulis uzomo<br />
xelgaSlilobas. magram mefes sxva ram awuxebs:<br />
`erTai mizis asuli, nazardi saTuTobiTa;<br />
RmerTman ar momca ymaSvili, _ var sawuTrosa TmobiTa, _<br />
anumca mgvan<strong>da</strong> mSvildosnad, anu kvla moburTlobiTa;<br />
cotasa Semwevs avTandil Cemganve nazardobiTa”.<br />
es sityvebi WeSmaritad qveynis momavalze mzrunveli suzerenis<br />
sityvebia. igulisxmeba Semdegi: TinaTini gamefebulia, mas un<strong>da</strong><br />
mohyves avTandilis gamefeba _ amaod ar aris naxsenebi TinaTinisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> misi trfialebis ambavi imTaviTve, roca spaspeti Semodis<br />
TxrobaSi (`mas TinaTinis mSveneba hklevdis...~). metoqeobas sxva<br />
SemTxvevaSi (rogorc ar<strong>da</strong>Sirisa <strong>da</strong> ar<strong>da</strong>banis epizodi gviCvenebs)<br />
tragikuli <strong>da</strong>sasruli eqnebo<strong>da</strong> `jerT uwveruli” WabukisTvis.<br />
magram arabeTSi patronisa <strong>da</strong> ymis sxva modeli `muSaobs”, amitomac<br />
avTandils metobisTvis safrTxe ar emuqreba, radgan mefis <strong>da</strong>Rrejis<br />
wamali swored avTandilis upiratesobaa (rac tradiciul modelSi<br />
mizezia). amitomac avTandili Tamamad acxadebs:<br />
`avTandil ityvis: <strong>da</strong>viwyo kadreba saubnarisa:<br />
nu mohkvex mSvildosnobasa, Tqma sjobs sityvisa wynarisa.<br />
miwaca Tqveni avTandil Tqvens wina mSvildosania;<br />
naZlevi <strong>da</strong>vdvaT, movasxneT mowmad Tqvennive spania;<br />
moasparezed vin mgavso? _ cudniRa ukuTqmania.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>mwyvedeli misica burTi <strong>da</strong> moe<strong>da</strong>nia”.<br />
asparezoba laRobaSi warimarTa <strong>da</strong>, roca gairkva vasalis<br />
upiratesoba, rom _<br />
`orTave erTgan mokluli yvelai asjer ocia,<br />
magra avTandils ociTa ufrosi <strong>da</strong>uxocia”, _<br />
mefesac moexsna Wmunva:<br />
`uxaris egre sikeTe misisa ganazardisa”.<br />
amgvari situaciis efeqti miT ufro moulodnelia, rom yvelaferi<br />
xdeba ara ise, rogorc modeli karnaxobs. gavixsenoT amis<br />
sapirispirod `Semusra saulma Tavisi aTasi, xolo <strong>da</strong>viTma Tavisi<br />
aTiaTasi”, ramac saulSi <strong>da</strong>viTisadmi Seurigebeli mtroba gamoiwvia,<br />
magram arabeTis kari am wesis gamonaklisia _ suzerenisa <strong>da</strong><br />
vasalis urTierToba aq patronymobis idealur modelzea agebuli.<br />
avTandilis gamarjveba nadirobaSi sawin<strong>da</strong>ria misi gamefebisa, risi<br />
mowmec mkiTxveli uSualod am ambis Semdeg gaxdebo<strong>da</strong>, rom mdinaris<br />
piras `ucxo moyme~ ar gamoCeniliyo.<br />
ritualuri sikvdili <strong>da</strong> mefedSoba.<br />
8
gamomwyvdeva (`ukacur saxlSi) <strong>da</strong> gamosvla `ga<strong>da</strong>svlis<br />
ritualebis~ kategorias ekuTvnis (rites de passage). termini<br />
ekuTvnis belgiel eTnologs arnold van xeneps (van Gennep).<br />
farnavazi sakuTar Tavs `ukacur saxlSi~ xe<strong>da</strong>vs, sai<strong>da</strong>nac surs<br />
gamosvla, magram ver gamodis. ras SeiZleba niSnavdes misi sizmris<br />
`ukacuri saxli~? msoflio miTologiis arsenalSi romc ar iyos<br />
cnobili `ukacuri saxlis~ semantika, yvelaferi, rac xdeba<br />
<strong>farnavazis</strong> Tavze am saxli<strong>da</strong>n gamosvlis Semdeg, aSkaras xdis, rom<br />
igi qvesknelSia moxvedrili. igi kvdeba, raTa xelaxla iSvas, magram<br />
gansxvavebuli statusiT. sikvdils <strong>da</strong> xelaxla Sobas araviTari<br />
gamarTleba ar eqnebo<strong>da</strong>, Tu mis bedSi araferi Seicvlebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
farnavazi Tavis Tavs xe<strong>da</strong>vs aCrdilTa samefoSi (`ukacuri saxli~<br />
misi miTologemuri variantia), sa<strong>da</strong>c moulodnelad iWreba mze<br />
Tavisi sxiviT. miTologii<strong>da</strong>n ki (Suamdinaruli, egvipturi) viciT,<br />
rom mze (SamaSi, rae) periodulad mkv<strong>da</strong>rTa samefosac unaTebs.<br />
afrikuli mowmoba. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad Rrma kulturul-istoriuli<br />
gansxvavebisa kongos bela<strong>da</strong>d kurTxevis ritualsa <strong>da</strong> Zv.w. III<br />
saukunis mefed kurTxevis hipoTetur ceremonials Soris, SegviZlia<br />
gamovZebnoT universaliebze <strong>da</strong>myarebuli tipologiuri msgavseba.<br />
`erT-erTi mTavari elementi, romelsac [axali beladis koronaciis dros]<br />
mniSvnelovani ideologiuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTva hqon<strong>da</strong>, iyo momavali beladis<br />
xangrZlivi izolacia gancalkevebiT mdgar qoxSi, romelsac sagangebod<br />
aSenebdnen am SemTxvevisTvis. gamomwyvdevis mTeli ciklis kulminacias<br />
warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> `sikvdilisa <strong>da</strong> aRdgomis~ rituali. Aamis Semdeg momavali<br />
beladi iReb<strong>da</strong> axal saxels. samxreT sanapiros sundis tomSi beladobis<br />
kandi<strong>da</strong>ti mcire xniT ganmartovdebo<strong>da</strong> gamoqvabulSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c maTi rwmeniT<br />
binadrobdnen winaparTa sulebi <strong>da</strong>, Tu igi gareT aRar gamovido<strong>da</strong> (asec<br />
momx<strong>da</strong>ra xolme), miiCneo<strong>da</strong>, rom winaprebi <strong>da</strong>sturs ar scemdnen mis<br />
beladobas... [zogan] koronaciamde raime ritualur qmedebas un<strong>da</strong><br />
gamoevlina winaparTa azri momavali beladis kandi<strong>da</strong>turaze. aRmosavleT<br />
kongoSi, magaliTad, es rituali iyo warmatebuli nadiroba, romelsac<br />
sagangebod marTavdnen kandi<strong>da</strong>tis gamomwyvdevis periodSi (Tu<br />
monadireebi ver moklavdnen romeliRac saxeobis antilopas, beladobis<br />
kandi<strong>da</strong>ti sxva piriT Seicvlebo<strong>da</strong>).<br />
[10:84-85].<br />
vfiqrob, <strong>farnavazis</strong> andrezis ori epizodi _ `ukacur saxlSi~<br />
yofna <strong>da</strong> nadiroba iremze tipologiur paralels poulobs<br />
afrikul sakralur yofaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c am or aqts instituciuri saxe<br />
aqvs miRebuli.<br />
cxeba<br />
`ixila mze qve-m<strong>da</strong>blad, mihyo Ãeli misi, mohÃoca cuari pirsa m[z]isasa <strong>da</strong><br />
icxo pirsa missa~.<br />
am frazaSi ori ram moiTxovs ganmartebas: `mze qve-m<strong>da</strong>blad~ mdgari<br />
qveskneli<strong>da</strong>n amoyvanili <strong>farnavazis</strong> winaSe <strong>da</strong> `cvari~, romelic man<br />
mzes moswmin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Tavis saxeze icxo. <strong>da</strong>viwyoT meoreTi.<br />
9
eWvi ar aris, rom am epizodiT teqstis avtors surs warmoaCinos<br />
mefedqcevis ritualis, misi azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawili _<br />
cxeba, romelsac SeuZlia mTeli misi simbolizmi itvirTos.<br />
marTlac, cxeba rom mWidrod <strong>da</strong> ganuyoflad aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli<br />
mefobasTan, amas biblia (Zveli aRTqma) a<strong>da</strong>sturebs. cxebis nivTieri<br />
masala aq zeTisxilis zeTia, romelic purTan <strong>da</strong> RvinosTan erTad<br />
siuxvisa <strong>da</strong> materialuri dovlaTis simboloebia:<br />
`miwa gaexmianeba pursa <strong>da</strong> Rvinos, <strong>da</strong> zeTs~ (osia, 2:24); `aivseba beRlebi<br />
xorbliT <strong>da</strong> galiclicdeba kodebi RviniT <strong>da</strong> zeTiT~ (iov. 2:24).<br />
Tumca isini a<strong>da</strong>mianis ara mxolod nivTier, aramed sulieri<br />
sazrdosac warmoadgenen:<br />
`romelman gamoiRis puri qveyaniT, Rvinoman axaris gulsa kacisasa,<br />
sacxebelman mxiarul-yvis (de<strong>da</strong>nSi: ganabrwyinebs) piri, purman<br />
ganamtkicnis guli kacisaÁ~ (fsalm. 103:14-15).<br />
TiToeul maTgans (purs, Rvinos, sacxebel zeTs) Tav-Tavisi xasiaTis<br />
zemoqmedeba aqvs a<strong>da</strong>mianze, rogorc zemoT <strong>da</strong>mowmebuli fsalmunis<br />
teqsti gvamcnobs, magram zeTi purisa <strong>da</strong> Rvinisgan gansxvavebiT<br />
iseTi nivTierebaa, romelic ara mxolod `ganabrwyinebs (ebr. lecahil)<br />
pirisaxes~, aramed mTlianad ganmsWvalavs a<strong>da</strong>mianis sxeuls,<br />
Zvlamde atans misi zemoqmedeba: `STax<strong>da</strong> viTarca wyali nawlevTa<br />
misTa <strong>da</strong> viTarca zeTi ZvalTa misTa~ (fsalm. 108:18). xolo Tu<br />
gaviTvaliswinebT, rom biblia ZvalSi (yecem), romelic a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
neStis ukanaskneli zRvaria, pirovnebis identobas xe<strong>da</strong>vs, cxadi<br />
gaxdeba, rom zeTis zemoqmedebis Zala scildeba biologiur bunebas<br />
<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis individualobis siRrmes swvdeba, miT umetes, Tu cxeba<br />
uflis saxeliT xdeba <strong>da</strong> zeTic sagangebo ritualiT aris<br />
momzadebuli (gam. 30:22-33). purisa <strong>da</strong> Rvinisgan gansxvavebiT, zeTi ar<br />
SemoizRudeba mxolod imiT, rom fizikurad kvebavs cocxal<br />
arsebas, aramed is, Tavad wmidis kategoriis kuTvnileba, wmi<strong>da</strong>yofs<br />
sagnebs, gar<strong>da</strong>qmnis maT nivTier bunebas. zeTis cxeba uxilav<br />
sakralizms xiluls xdis (<strong>da</strong>b. 28:16-19, iakobis kibis epizodi).<br />
Zvel aRTqmaSi mefed cxebis ramdenime SemTxvevaa gadmocemuli.<br />
sauli iyo pirveli mefe, romelic ufalma airCia beniaminis tomSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> samuelis xeliT cxo mefed, raTa masze uflis suli<br />
gadmosuliyo.<br />
`<strong>da</strong> aiRo samuelma zeTiT savse rqa, Tavze <strong>da</strong>sxa, akoca <strong>da</strong> uTxra:<br />
aha, gcxo ufalma Tavisi samkvidros mTavrad~ (1mef. 10:1). amis Semdeg<br />
samueli eubneba cxebuls: `qalaqSi Sesvlisas Sexvdebi goraki<strong>da</strong>n<br />
Camomaval winaswarmetyvelTa gunds, romelTac win miuZRvebian<br />
qnariT, <strong>da</strong>f<strong>da</strong>fiT, stviriTa <strong>da</strong> ebniT, Tavad ki qa<strong>da</strong>geben. RvTis suli<br />
gadmova Senze <strong>da</strong> maTTan erTad gaqa<strong>da</strong>gdebi, sxva kacad<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>iqmnebi~ (10:5-6).<br />
roca saulma sabediswero Secdoma <strong>da</strong>uSva, RmerTma piri<br />
ibruna misgan <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>viTi _ yvelaze umcrosi gamoarCia ieses rva<br />
10
vaJiSvils Soris. `<strong>da</strong> aiRo samuelma zeTiani rqa <strong>da</strong> scxo mas misi<br />
Zmebis Tan<strong>da</strong>swrebiT. D<strong>da</strong> am dRi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> merec uflis suli<br />
warumarTav<strong>da</strong> mas~ (1mef. 16:13). ori cxebuli (ebr. maSiax)<br />
Tanaarsebob<strong>da</strong> erTmaneTis gverdiT. sauli, grZnob<strong>da</strong> ra <strong>da</strong>viTis<br />
upiratesobas, mosaklavad devni<strong>da</strong> mas <strong>da</strong>, Tumca <strong>da</strong>viTs araerTxel<br />
miscemia SemTxveva, moekla sauli, mas xeli ar aRumarTavs<br />
cxebulze, radgan cxebuli sxva a<strong>da</strong>miania <strong>da</strong>, amdenad, xelSeuxebeli.<br />
`dRes momca Seni Tavi xelSi ufalma, magram ar vindome uflis<br />
cxebulze aRmemarTa xeli~ (1mef. 26:23).<br />
`sxva kacad gar<strong>da</strong>qmna~ arsebiTia <strong>mefobis</strong> statusisTvis. es aris<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>svlis ritualis erTi kerZo gamoxatuleba: sulis gadmosvla<br />
marTlac sruliad cvlis a<strong>da</strong>mianis bunebas _ es <strong>da</strong>vinaxeT saulis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac winaswarmetyvelTa gunds xma Seuwyo man, ris<br />
gamoc naTqvamma sityvam an<strong>da</strong>zis mniSvneloba SeiZina: `yvelani, vinc<br />
manamde icnobdnen mas, xe<strong>da</strong>vdnen winaswarmetyvelebTan erTad<br />
gawinaswarmetyvelebuls <strong>da</strong> laparakobdnen erTmaneTSi: ra <strong>da</strong>marTa<br />
kiSis Zes, nuTu saulic gawinaswarmetyvel<strong>da</strong>? Tqva pasuxad erTma<br />
iqaurma kacma: vin aris maTi mama? ase warmoiSva an<strong>da</strong>za: nuTu<br />
saulic gawinaswarmetyvel<strong>da</strong>o?~ (1mef. 10:11-12).<br />
kargad Cans es gar<strong>da</strong>qmna gedeonis SemTxvevaSi (msaj. 6:15). uflis<br />
suli masze gadmodis, vinc yvelaze naklebad moelis amas. arc<br />
sauli, arc <strong>da</strong>viTi, arc manamde gedeoni arafriT iyvnen gamorCeulni;<br />
arc maT sagvareuloebSi iyo raime gansakuTrebuli.<br />
SeniSvna. SuamdinareTSi mefed cxebis kvali ar Cans. arsebobs cnoba,<br />
romlis Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom egvi pteSic yofila<br />
miRebuli. yovel SemTxvevaSi, addu-nirari, XV s-is egviptis vasali, wers<br />
egviptis faraons TuTmose IV-s, rom misma papam, TuTmose III-m misi (adduniraris)<br />
papa gaamefa nuxaSeSi <strong>da</strong> zeTi <strong>da</strong>asxa mas Tavze. `<strong>da</strong>e, nuravin<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>ayenebs mefobi<strong>da</strong>n mas, vinc mefed egviptis mefem gaxa<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Tavze zeTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>aRvara~. aq Cans pretenzia, rom cxebuloba memkvidreobiT ga<strong>da</strong>diodes.<br />
aqe<strong>da</strong>n isic Cans, rom faraonis monawileoba zeTiT cxebaSi aZlierebis<br />
mefis legitimurobas [11:88].<br />
<strong>da</strong>vubrundeT <strong>farnavazis</strong> cxebas: `mohÃoca cuari pirsa mzisasa <strong>da</strong><br />
icxo pirsa missa~ _ pirvel rigSi, un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom raki es cxeba<br />
sizmarSi xdeba, igi simboluria <strong>da</strong> ar iqneba swori, rom misi<br />
avTenturobis sakiTxi <strong>da</strong>vsvaT, rogorc realurad Catarebuli<br />
ritualis mimarT <strong>da</strong>ismebo<strong>da</strong>. saqme is aris, rom sizmriseuli<br />
`ritualis~ ukan garkveuli rwmena-warmodgenebi dgas. sakiTxis am<br />
mxares mogvianebiT SevexebiT, axla ki gavarkvioT, ra igulisxmeba<br />
mzis cvarSi.<br />
erT qarTul zRaparSi ufliswuli, romelmac nadirobisas<br />
irmisTvis nasroli isari mzes moaxvedra <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Wra, isjeba: dRisiT<br />
mkv<strong>da</strong>ria, RamiT cocxldeba <strong>da</strong> tyeSi <strong>da</strong>exeteba. gaTendeba Tu ara,<br />
kuboSi wveba <strong>da</strong> elis Tavis mxsnels, romelmac mzis piris nabani<br />
un<strong>da</strong> moutanos. Mmxsneli qalwuli wava mzis de<strong>da</strong>sTan mzis piris<br />
nabans gamoarTmevs, asxurebs mkv<strong>da</strong>r ufliswuls gaacocxlebs<br />
[12:17-24].<br />
11
mzis winaSe mdgari farnavazi, romelic axlaxan amovi<strong>da</strong> `ukacuri<br />
saxli<strong>da</strong>n~, jer kidev mkv<strong>da</strong>ria <strong>da</strong> aseTad <strong>da</strong>rCeba, vidre mzis cvars<br />
ar icxebs pirisaxeze. mxolod mzis cvari gaacocxlebs mas, magram<br />
mzis cvars, gansxvavebiT zRapruli mzis pirisnabanisgan, kidev erTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTva aqvs: igi ara mxolod acocxlebs farnavazs, aramed mefed<br />
xdis mas. un<strong>da</strong> CavTvaloT, rom am erTi aqtis ori Sedegi<br />
(gacocxleba <strong>da</strong> gamefeba) erTdroulia.<br />
a. m. hokartis (Hokart) <strong>da</strong>kvirvebiT, mefedkurTxeva aucileblobiT<br />
gulisxmobs ritualur sikvdils <strong>da</strong> meored Sobas ukve mefis<br />
statusSi. Kkvdeba kerZo kaci <strong>da</strong> ibadeba mefe, sakralobasTan<br />
naziarebi pirovneba. sqema aseTia: sikvdili-Soba-koronacia.<br />
<strong>da</strong>krZalvis ritualebi, romlebis ZaliTac xdeba mkv<strong>da</strong>ri faraonis<br />
RmerTad qceva im ritualis igiveobrivia, romlis ZaliTac faraoni<br />
mefe gax<strong>da</strong> [13:70,84].<br />
SeniSvna. Tavisi arsiT mefed kurTxeva naTlisRebis ti pologiuria,<br />
romlis drosac kvdeba Zveli kaci <strong>da</strong> ibadeba axali kaci (ix. rom. 6:2-8).<br />
`mzis wili~<br />
ori wina<strong>da</strong>debiT gamoxatuli <strong>farnavazis</strong> martivi moqmedeba _<br />
`mohÃoca cuari pirsa misasa <strong>da</strong> icxo pirsa missa~ _ gar<strong>da</strong> cxebisa,<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiT kidev imis niSania, rom farnavazi amieri<strong>da</strong>n mzesTan aris<br />
wilnayari, misi bunebis Tanaziari xdeba, rac mkvidrad zis qarTul<br />
tradiciaSi. mziswiloba `veefxistyaosnis~ Cveuli toposia, Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />
am strofSi gamoxatuli:<br />
`mze uSenod ver iqmnebis, radgan Sen xar misi wili,<br />
ganaRamca mas eaxel, misi etli ar Tu wbili!~<br />
SesaZlebeli magaliTebis gamravleba.<br />
mefe-mzis (Tu mze-mefis) miTologema, romelic klasikuri sicxadiT<br />
aris gamoxatul aqadur enaze, saxeldobr: `mefe _ RmerTebis xorci,<br />
mze Tavisi xalxisa”, realizebulia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kulturebSi. Tu<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebT Sumeri<strong>da</strong>n, pirveli mefe, romelic naxsenebia, mzis niSnebiT<br />
xasiaTdeba. es aris uruqis pirveli mefe mesqiagaSeri, mzis Ze (dumuuTu),<br />
romlis miTosis Sinaarsi oTxsityviani miTologemiT aris<br />
SemorCenili: `zRvaSi Sevi<strong>da</strong>, mTaze avi<strong>da</strong>” [14:84-86], rac mzis<br />
moZraobas gamoxatavs, dRis mnaTobisa, romelic Cadis zRvaSi <strong>da</strong><br />
amodis mTi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
Tumca aqadelTa naramsini mzis Svilad ar aris wodebuli, magram<br />
misi mziurobis miTologema: `naramsini aqadis taZri<strong>da</strong>n mzesaviT<br />
gamobrwyin<strong>da</strong>” [15:192]; aseve Sulgi Tavis ganmadidebel himnSi<br />
pir<strong>da</strong>pir acxadebs: `xaxa<strong>da</strong>Rebuli lomi _ mzis RmerTisa<br />
var” [15:192], Tumca am himnSi es mefe Sumeris yvela RmerTis niSnebiT<br />
aris aRWurvili).<br />
iranelTa pirveli mefe (an pirvel-kaci) jima (an Áima) aseve mzis<br />
RmerTis vivahvantis Zea <strong>da</strong> Tava<strong>da</strong>c mzesaviT brwyinav<strong>da</strong>. is iyo,<br />
rogorc Cans, mefuri didebis _ xvarnas pirveli matarebeli.<br />
papakis sizmarSi sasanis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n amosuli mze mTel qveyanas<br />
anaTeb<strong>da</strong> [9: 42]. es iyo misi mefuri niSani, radgan sasani, imJamad<br />
12
mwyemsi, <strong>da</strong>riosis STamomavali iyo. sasanma Sva ar<strong>da</strong>Siri, romelsac<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>eca iranel mefeTa xvarna.<br />
faraonis titulaturis mexuTe punqtSi faraoni <strong>da</strong>saxelebulia<br />
mzis RmerTis raes Zed. igi iTvlebo<strong>da</strong> dedoflisa <strong>da</strong> mzis RmerTis<br />
naSobad, anu mama faraoni mzis RmerTis saxeliT euRlebo<strong>da</strong> Tavis<br />
dedofals... amitomac mzis RmerTs amon-raes centraluri adgili<br />
uWiravs faraonis koronaciis ritualSi. mefis mzis Svilobis<br />
koncefciam aleqsandres epoqamde gastana. Tavad aleqsandre, rac<br />
farnavazTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT sagulisxmoa, egvipturi tradiciiT,<br />
mokv<strong>da</strong>vi qalisa (olimpia<strong>da</strong>s) <strong>da</strong> amonis, mzis RmerTis, Svilad<br />
gamocxad<strong>da</strong>... [16:150-151]. faraonis sikvdili amgvarad aris aRwerili:<br />
`avi<strong>da</strong> RmerTi Tavis horizontze, mefe zemo <strong>da</strong> qvemo egviptisa _<br />
sxotepebra ayvanil iqna caze. igi SeuerT<strong>da</strong> mzes...~ [17:338]. @<br />
ganZi<br />
ar aris moulodneli, rom monadiris mier nadiris Zieba <strong>da</strong> mis<br />
kvals midevneba sulier Ziebad iqnas gaazrebuli, rogorc es<br />
sufiur poeziaSi an germanul mistikaSi <strong>da</strong>sturdeba. maister<br />
ekharti laparakobs a<strong>da</strong>mianis sulze, romelic inadirebs Tavis<br />
`msxverpls~ _ qristes [18:213]. qarTul sinamdvileSi amis mkafio<br />
magaliTia mirianis gamocdileba <strong>da</strong> gansacdeli TxoTis mTaze,<br />
romelic mas nadirobisas SeemTxva.<br />
nadirobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia gansacdeli, ucnobi samyaros xilva,<br />
Cveulebriobis sazRvrebis ga<strong>da</strong>laxva, an im zRurblis miRweva,<br />
sai<strong>da</strong>nac iwyeba sxva, aqamde ganucdeli samyaro. yofierebaSi<br />
Semodis siaxle, romelic kardinalurad cvlis status quo-s. Zveli<br />
eposebi asaxaven am moments, rodesac sanadirod gasvliT, erTi<br />
mxriv, ikvreba kvanZi, meore mxriv, farTovdeba moqmedebis areali. asea<br />
`vefxistyaosanSi~: avTandilis iniciativiT gamarTuli nadiroba,<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> imisa, rom Tavisi SedegiT gauqarvebs mWmunvarebas mefes,<br />
romelic <strong>da</strong>rwmundeba Tavisi gazrdilis RirsebaSi, gaxdeba piroba<br />
`ucxo moymis~ gamoCenisa, romlis saidumlos amoxsnas emsaxureba<br />
mTeli poema. `naxes ucxo moyme vinme, j<strong>da</strong> mtirali wylisa pirsa~ _<br />
am siucxovis xilva nadirobam moitana, roca monadireni miadgnen<br />
`wylisa pirsa~, sa<strong>da</strong>c ukve Tavdebo<strong>da</strong> arabTa samefo, anu `Cvenis~<br />
niSniT aRbeWdili qveyana <strong>da</strong> iwyebo<strong>da</strong> ucxo mxare, ucxo<br />
Tavga<strong>da</strong>savlis asparezi. garkveuli azriT, tarieli <strong>da</strong> mTeli misi<br />
ambavi avTandilis monadirebulia. `amiran<strong>da</strong>rejanianis~ siuJetic<br />
nadirobis wyalobiT ixsneba: mefe abesalomi <strong>da</strong>edevneba ucxo<br />
qurciks, romelic Svidi dRis Semdeg ucxo mxareSi (`qveyana ucxod<br />
auCn<strong>da</strong>~) miiyvans mas, Tavad ki kldeSi gauCinardeba. mis nacvlad maT<br />
winaSe qviTkiris saxli aRimarTeba, romlis SigniT kedlebze<br />
sabrZolod Semosil WabukTa saxeebia gamoxatuli. eposis mTeli<br />
Sinaarsi am WabukTa Tavga<strong>da</strong>savals Seadgens.<br />
SeniSvna. xevsuruli andrezebi jvar-xatebis aRmoCenas <strong>da</strong> maT <strong>da</strong>arsebas<br />
salocavebad monadireTa gamocdilebas miaweren. erTaderTi monadirea,<br />
romelsac SeuZlia gaaRwios soflis sazRvrebs <strong>da</strong> transcendentul<br />
sivrceSi moxvdes, sa<strong>da</strong>c im rigis sinamdvilis mxilveli xdeba, rogoric<br />
13
Sin myofTaTvis miuwvdomelia. monadireebi xSirad jvar-xatTa mkadreebia,<br />
anu maTi rCeulebi, <strong>da</strong> msaxurebi (xuces-dekanozebi) xdebian [6, 63-67].<br />
<strong>farnavazis</strong>Tvis, romelic iyo `monadire Ãelovani~,<br />
ukanaskneli nadroba sabediswero (keTili azriT) aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>.<br />
sizmriseulma gamocdilebam cxadSi miiRo adeqvaturi xorcSesxma.<br />
safrTxis kulminacias, romelic farnavazs mcxeTaSi azosgan<br />
elo<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>emTxva (cxadia, ara SemTxveviT) ganZis povna, romelic or<br />
erTmaneTis Semavsebel aspeqts Seicavs: pirvel rigSi, ganZi aris<br />
materialuri saxsari qveynis gasaTavisufleblad uzurpatorisgan,<br />
ramac farnavazs misca ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti upiratesoba imisTvis, raTa<br />
qveynis winamZRoli gamx<strong>da</strong>riyo. ganZi, aseve, aZlev<strong>da</strong> mas qarizmas,<br />
romlis qarTuli (Tumca dialeqturi: xevsuruli) Sesatyvisi<br />
<strong>da</strong>vlaTi amave sityvis _ dovlaTis variaciaa, rac imas niSnavs, rom<br />
materialuri qoneba qarizmis niSania (rusuli богатство<br />
momdinareobs sityvi<strong>da</strong>n бог): qoneba mxolod RvTis rCeulebs<br />
SeiZleba hqondeT.<br />
meore mxriv, ganZis povna <strong>da</strong> raimes povna, TavisTavad ukve xarizmis<br />
niSania. sxvagvarad Tu vityviT, igi ukve moaswavebs <strong>farnavazis</strong><br />
uflebas mefobaze, radgan ganZis qvabi mxolod mas gaexsneba, vinc<br />
qveynis patronad aris <strong>da</strong>badebuli. Tu m. veberi warmatebuli<br />
saqmosanis RvTiur mowodebaze laparakobs [19], ufro metad ganZis<br />
povnis siuJeti (miTologema) gveubneba <strong>farnavazis</strong>, rogorc mefis,<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabamier mowodebaze.<br />
aq ismis kiTxva: visia es ganZi, vis ekuTvnis is? ganZi ekuTvnis mas,<br />
visac ekuTvnis is miwa, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>marxulia igi, anu ganZi qveynis<br />
patronisaa, romlis gamoCenasac elis igi. vaxuSti batoniSvils<br />
Tavis `aRweraSi saqarTvelosa” mohyavs fSavel-xevsurTa erTi<br />
RirsSesaniSnavi Cveuleba: `verca fSavi, verca Ãevsuri, ukeTu<br />
iSovnos oqro an vecxli, veraraid iÃmareben Tavisad, aramed<br />
miuZRunis laSas juarsa...” [4:533]. aRiareben ra laSaris jvars ara<br />
mxolod Tavis patronad, aramed mTeli aremaris patronad, fSavelxevsurni<br />
miarTmeven napovn oqro-vercxls ara mxolod rogorc<br />
sapatio ZRvens, aramed rogorc mis kuTvnil qonebas.<br />
`qarTlis cxovrebaSi” aris cnoba mefeTagan ganZis <strong>da</strong>flvisa. `maSin<br />
(arabobis xanaSi, z.k.) yovelni naTesavni berZenTani warCinebulni<br />
hflvides qveyanaTa Sina ganZTa, raTa raJams gamoviden, povnen ganZni<br />
igi <strong>da</strong> arRara naxon Wiri waRebisa <strong>da</strong> kualad gamoRebisa...” [1:231].<br />
aseve qarTlSi:<br />
`xolo stefanos esxnes orni Zeni arCil <strong>da</strong> mihr. <strong>da</strong> ganuyo yoveli<br />
xvastagi samefosa misisa, saganZuri oqrosa <strong>da</strong> vecxlisa <strong>da</strong> TualTa<br />
patiosanTa. <strong>da</strong> naxevari wariRo qveyanasa egrissa <strong>da</strong> wariyvana Ze TÂsi<br />
pirmSo mihr, <strong>da</strong> naxevari saqonelisa misisa misca arCils, umrwemessa Zesa<br />
TÂssa. xolo arCil <strong>da</strong>hfla saganZuri ufrosi Ãevsa kaxeTisasa; xolo<br />
samsaxurebelni oqrosa <strong>da</strong> vecxlisani Ãevsa ujarmosasa, <strong>da</strong> saganZurni<br />
qarTlisa <strong>da</strong> javaxeTisani <strong>da</strong>sxna gors, romeli manve erekle ganaCina<br />
samalavad ganZTa maTTÂs, romelni Tana ver warhqondes. saxeli gorisa mis<br />
ars tonTio, romel ars TargmanebiT `mTa oqrosa”. <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sua maT ze<strong>da</strong><br />
tilismi, raTa vervin SeuZlos gamoRebad. xolo saganZurni yovelTa<br />
14
qarTlisa eklesiaTani <strong>da</strong>flna aCrdilsa didisa sionisasa mcxeTas”.<br />
[1:232-233].<br />
SeniSvna. aqac ganZis erTi nawili iseve, rogorc <strong>farnavazis</strong> SemTxvevaSi,<br />
<strong>da</strong>xasiaTebulia rogorc `samsaxurebelni oqrosa <strong>da</strong> vecxlisani”.<br />
aseve mefis mier <strong>da</strong>fluli ganZi isev mefis xvedri un<strong>da</strong> iyos.<br />
mxolod mefes an samefod imTaviTve ganwesebuls SeuZlia axsnas<br />
tilismi (Tilisma) <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>euflos ganZs, rogorc amas TvalnaTliv<br />
aCvenebs herodotes mier moTxrobili skviTuri miTosi skviTebis<br />
qveyanaSi <strong>mefobis</strong> warmoSobis Sesaxeb. herodotes skviTur andrezSi<br />
mxolod umrwemesi sam ZmaSi SeZlebs miuaxlovdes <strong>da</strong> xelhyos<br />
ci<strong>da</strong>n GCamocvenil oqros nivTebi, romelTac cecxlis ZaliT<br />
ganirides ori Zma. umrwemesis, kolaqsaisis, winaSe cecxli GCaqra <strong>da</strong><br />
oqros nivTebi `<strong>da</strong>nebdnen~ mas. Zmebma aRiares umrwemesis privilebia<br />
<strong>da</strong> mTeli Zalaufleba mas ga<strong>da</strong>sces. misgan <strong>da</strong>iwyo skviTebis samefo<br />
dinastia, romlis saRvTo relikviad es oqros sagnebi gamocxad<strong>da</strong><br />
(herodote. istoria, IV, 5, 7).<br />
farna (xvarena)<br />
sabolood, sizmarSi mzis cvaris cxebis ZaliT farnavazze<br />
gadmodis mzis wili, mefuri didebis saxiT, romelic falaurad<br />
gamoiTqmis rogorc farna, avestis enaze xvarena, `brwyinvaleba”,<br />
`<strong>da</strong>vlaTi~, `Saravandi” [20:499], rac aisaxa kidec mis saxelSi _<br />
farna-vaz `didfarniani~ (savaraudod *farna vazraka `farna didi~).<br />
es aris berZnuli xarizma, romlis qarTuli Sesatyvisia <strong>da</strong>vlaTi<br />
(xevsurul teqstebSi) an sve (literaturul teqstebSi).<br />
farnavazma mefuri xvarena//farna sizmarSi moi pova <strong>da</strong> Semdeg<br />
cxadSi realurad ganimtkica, rodesac napovni ganZi im Zalad aqcia,<br />
romelmac SeaZlebina uzurpatoris gandevna qveyni<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> mere<br />
<strong>mefobis</strong> mopoveba. xvarena//farna iranuli konceptia, romelic samefo<br />
xelisuflebas Tan axlavs, rogorc misi ganuyreli atributi. mefe<br />
gamefebis dRi<strong>da</strong>nve atarebs xvarenas, Tumca igi misi sakuTreba ar<br />
aris _ igi ahuramaz<strong>da</strong>s Seqmnilia _ <strong>da</strong> mosalodnelia, waerTvas mas<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxvaze ga<strong>da</strong>vides. es xdeba dinastiis Secvlisas, roca xvarena,<br />
stovebs dinastiis ukanasknel warmomadgenels <strong>da</strong> sxva dinastiis<br />
<strong>da</strong>maarsebelze ga<strong>da</strong>dis. ar<strong>da</strong>Sirs, sasanianTa dinastiis<br />
fuZemdebels, romelic Tavad samefo warmoSobis iyo gaqcevisas Tan<br />
gahyva iranel mefeTa xvarna erTi didi <strong>da</strong> msuqani cxvris saxiT. es<br />
imis niSani iyo, rom xvarenam igi airCia samefod. amis Semdeg<br />
ar<strong>da</strong>Siris yoveli nabiji warmatebuli iyo.<br />
samefo dideba, cxadia, uxilavia, magram mas aqvs nivTieri<br />
gamoxatulebani. erT-erTi maTgani msuqani cxvaria. cxvris simsuqne<br />
oden nivTieri dovlaTis niSani ar aris, is ufro metad <strong>da</strong>vlaTze<br />
mianiSnebs. roca papakma sasanis mefuri warmoSobis ambavi moismina<br />
misgan, uTxra: `gasuqdi~ <strong>da</strong> Tavisi asuli miaTxova colad, romelmac<br />
sasans ar<strong>da</strong>Siri uSva [9:43]. Tu msuqani cxvari, romelic mwyemsobis<br />
niSania (<strong>da</strong> sasani swored mwyemsi iyo), xvarenis sisavseze <strong>da</strong><br />
srulyofilebaze, ar<strong>da</strong>Siris <strong>mefobis</strong> siuxveze migvaniSnebs, xvarena<br />
15
sxva simboluri saxiTac vlindeba materialur sinamdvileSi. es<br />
aris samefo gvirgvini, romelic Tavisi konfiguraciiT<br />
brwyinvalebis gamoxatulebaa, rasac misi sayovelTaod miRebuli<br />
masala _ oqro <strong>da</strong> forma mowmobs. fanavazis mier napovni oqros<br />
ganZis nawili swored samefo gvirgvinSi ga<strong>da</strong>icvala: `aman farnavaz<br />
waravlinna mociqulni winaSe mefisa antioqos asurastanisa, <strong>da</strong><br />
warsca ZRueni didZali... xolo antioqos Seiwynara ZRueni misi <strong>da</strong><br />
uwo<strong>da</strong> Svilad TÂsad, <strong>da</strong> warmosca gÂrgÂni...~ gvirgvini ki uxilavi<br />
brwyinvalebis nivTieri niSania.<br />
<strong>da</strong>sasrul, sanam SevajamebdeT zemoT naTqvams, wavikiTxoT es teqsti<br />
tipologiur WrilSi, ramdenad exmaureba igi <strong>farnavazis</strong> sizmnris<br />
sazriss.<br />
`10. gavi<strong>da</strong> iakobi berSeba<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> gaemarTa xarans. 11. <strong>da</strong> miadga erT<br />
adgils <strong>da</strong> iq <strong>da</strong>iRama, radgan mze Casuli iyo. <strong>da</strong> aiRo erTi lodi im<br />
adgili<strong>da</strong>n, <strong>da</strong>ido sasTumalad <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>wva im adgilas. 12. <strong>da</strong> esizmra: aha,<br />
miwaze kibe dgas <strong>da</strong> TaviT cas swvdeba, <strong>da</strong> uflis angelozebi adian <strong>da</strong><br />
Camodian kibeze. 13. <strong>da</strong>, aha, ufali dgas kibeze <strong>da</strong> eubneba: me var ufali<br />
RmerTi, RmerTi abraamisa, mamaSenisa, <strong>da</strong> RmerTi isakisa. es miwa, romelzec<br />
wevxar, SenTvisa <strong>da</strong> Seni STamomavlobisTvis momicia. 14. Seni<br />
STamomavloba qviSasaviT mravalricxovani iqneba <strong>da</strong> ganivrcoba<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTisken, aRmosavleTisken, CrdiloeTisken <strong>da</strong> samxreTisken. Seni <strong>da</strong><br />
Seni STamomavlobiT ikurTxeba miwierTa mTeli modgma. 15. <strong>da</strong>, aha, SenTana<br />
var <strong>da</strong> yvelgan <strong>da</strong>gifarav, sa<strong>da</strong>c ki waxval. <strong>da</strong> kvlav <strong>da</strong>gabruneb am<br />
miwaze, ar migatoveb, vidre ar agisruleb yvelafers, rac giTxari. 16. <strong>da</strong><br />
gamofxizl<strong>da</strong> iakobi Zilisgan <strong>da</strong> Tqva: namdvilad ufali yofila am<br />
adgilas, me ki ar vicodi. 17. <strong>da</strong> SeeSin<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Tqva: ra saSiSi yofila es<br />
adgili. sxva ra un<strong>da</strong> iyos, Tu ara uflis saxli. es caTa karibWea. 18. <strong>da</strong><br />
adga dilaadrianad iakobi, aiRo lodi, sasTumlad rom edo, aRmarTa<br />
svetad <strong>da</strong> zed zeTi <strong>da</strong>Rvara. 19. <strong>da</strong> uwo<strong>da</strong> im adgils beTeli (saxli<br />
RvTisa). uwin ki am adgils luzi erqva~ (<strong>da</strong>b. 28:10-19).<br />
iakobs es fuZemdebluri <strong>sizmari</strong> misi cxovrebis gar<strong>da</strong>texis Jams<br />
qveyni<strong>da</strong>n gansvlisas, mis sazRvarze, <strong>da</strong>esizmra: igi devnilia Tavisi<br />
Zmisgan, esavisgan, romelsac mamis kurTxeva gamostyua. amitomac aRar<br />
<strong>da</strong>edgomeba mamis saxlSi <strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong> agzavnis deduleTSi, xaranSi,<br />
romelic <strong>farnavazis</strong> dedis aspanad un<strong>da</strong> viguloT, vinZlo Tavi<br />
Seafaros, vidre esavs risxva ar ga<strong>da</strong>uvlis. sagulisxmoa, rom aqac<br />
monadireoba monawileobs kurTxevis erTgvar legitimaciaSi.<br />
`<strong>da</strong> Seiqna esavi marjve monadire, velebis kaci, iakobi ki iyo sruli kaci,<br />
karvebSi mcxovrebi. uyvar<strong>da</strong> isaks esavi, radgan nanadirevi iyo misi<br />
saWmeli, xolo rebekas iakobi uyvar<strong>da</strong>~ (<strong>da</strong>b. 25:27-28).<br />
mTavari aq mamis nebaa, magram usinaTlo isakma ver gamoicno<br />
tyupiscalebs Soris, romeli iyo aRTqmis Svili, romelsac un<strong>da</strong><br />
mieRos misi kurTxeva, raTa momavali eris eponimi gamx<strong>da</strong>riyo.<br />
pirmSoobis gar<strong>da</strong>, esavis upiratesoba monadireobaSia: is<br />
farnavaziviT xelovani monadirea. magram RvTis gangebaSi, romelic<br />
16
warmarTavs biblias, monadireoba ar monawileobs. iakobi dedis<br />
Svilia, rogorc farnavazi; de<strong>da</strong> ki saxlSia, rogoroc saxlis<br />
princi pi, <strong>da</strong> Svilis maradis masTan aris. maT orives de<strong>da</strong><br />
mfarvelobs <strong>da</strong> rCevas aZlevs. maTi mowodebis _ erTisa mamamTavrad<br />
(patriarqad), meorisa samefod _ legitimacias sxva, aratradiciuli,<br />
amdenad ara memkvidreobiTi wyaro aqvs: iakobi arc pirmSoa <strong>da</strong> arc<br />
mamas uyvars; farnavazi mxolodSobilia <strong>da</strong> oboli <strong>da</strong>, Tumca<br />
iakobisgan gansxvavebiT igi deduleTs ar afarebs Tavs, mainc misi<br />
momavlis (<strong>mefobis</strong>) gasaRebi mamis saxlSi ar Zevs.<br />
monadireoba uaryofilia, magram ZalaSi Semodis cxeba, Tumca zeTs<br />
icxeba ara iakobi, aramed is qva, romelic mas saTumlad hqon<strong>da</strong>. es<br />
iyo ubralo, arafriT gamorCeuli qva, romelic mxolod TavqveS<br />
amosadebad Tu ivargeb<strong>da</strong>, magram is im adgili<strong>da</strong>n iyo aRebuli, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
iakobs misi bedis ganmsazRvreli <strong>sizmari</strong> <strong>da</strong>esizmra. es wmi<strong>da</strong><br />
adgili iyo <strong>da</strong> iq mdebare qva wmi<strong>da</strong>yofis niSans moiTxov<strong>da</strong>.<br />
zeTiscxebam ubralo lodi sakulto svetad Seqmna. magram Tavad<br />
i a k o b i s , r o g o r c m a m a m T a v r u l i w i n a m Z R o l o b i s , m i s i i s<br />
<strong>legitimaciis</strong>Tvis zeTiscxeba ar yofila gamoyenebula. mogvianebiT,<br />
zeTiscxeba mxolod eqvsasi wlis Semdeg <strong>da</strong>kanon<strong>da</strong> mefedqcevis<br />
ritualSi (1mef. 10:1). patriarqebis xelisuflebis wyaro mamis<br />
kurTxeva iyo, magram ara mxolod. kurTxeva pirmSos ekuTvnis <strong>da</strong>,<br />
raki iakobi pirmSo ar iyo (Tumca man motyuebiT miiRo kurTxeva<br />
usinaTlo mamisgan), mas esaWiroebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>legitimaciis</strong> sxva wyaro,<br />
romelsac saTave transcendentur samyaroSi eqnebo<strong>da</strong>. es mox<strong>da</strong><br />
sizmarSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c iakobma Tavisi TvaliT, rogorc farnavazma mze,<br />
RmerTi ixila. <strong>farnavazis</strong> sizmrisgan gansxvavebiT, iakobis <strong>sizmari</strong><br />
verbalizebulia <strong>da</strong> masSi (RvTis sityvebSi) araferia iseTi,<br />
romelsac ganmarteba <strong>da</strong>sWirdebo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong> iakobic Tamamad gaemarTeba<br />
bedisweris Sesaxvedrad. Tumca mas kidev hqon<strong>da</strong> Sexvedra, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
misma, rogorc xalxis mamamTavris, misiam sabolo legitimacia miiRo.<br />
roca ukan brundebo<strong>da</strong> deduleTi<strong>da</strong>n, mdinare iabokze (es saxeli<br />
iakobis saxelis anagramulia) ga<strong>da</strong>svlisas, Seerkina uxilav Zalas<br />
<strong>da</strong> gauZlo. namdvilad man, farnavaziviT, angelozi ixila qvem<strong>da</strong>blad<br />
<strong>da</strong> miiRo misgan axali, ara pirmSoebiTi kurTxeva. Zveli privatuli<br />
saxeli iakobi israelad Seicvala, msgavsad qarTvelTa pirveli<br />
mefisa, romelmac samefo saxeli im sizmriseuli gamocdilebis<br />
Semdeg miiRo.<br />
<strong>da</strong>skvna<br />
marTalia, mamasaxlisis ojaxi<strong>da</strong>n warmomavloba garkveul<br />
legitimurobas aniWebs ajanyebul farnavazs, yovel SemTxvevaSi,<br />
egriseli erismTavris qujis TvalSi es asea, mainc <strong>farnavazis</strong><br />
mefoba Sendeba ara mamasaxlisobis bazaze, aramed metafizikur<br />
sawyisze. sxvaa wyaro mamasaxlisobisa <strong>da</strong> sxvaa wyaro <strong>mefobis</strong>a.<br />
isini gansxvavebul sferoebs ekuTvnian, rogorc socialur, ise<br />
mentalur-ideologiur WrilSi.<br />
17
yvelaferi, rac <strong>farnavazis</strong> sizmrisa <strong>da</strong> cxadis igavur narativSi<br />
realiebis, simboloebisa Tu miTologemebis saxiT monawileobs, or<br />
rames emsaxureba: aCvenos <strong>mefobis</strong> ciuri (kerZod, mziuri) warmoSoba<br />
<strong>da</strong> rom farnavazi mefobas uSualod misi wyaro<strong>da</strong>n iRebs. Tu<br />
obols <strong>da</strong> miusafars, wuTisoflis gers, erTi mxriv, <strong>da</strong>saRupavad<br />
emuqrebian wuTisoflis Zalebi, meore mxriv, mas didi momavali elis:<br />
misi obloba rCeulobas inaxavs. Tu `ukacur saxlSi~ yofna, erTi<br />
mxriv, mis sikvdils, sxvanairad, embrionalur mdgomareobaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>brunebas moaswavebs, meore mxriv, swored aqe<strong>da</strong>n iwyeba misi<br />
aRorZineba axal statusSi. Tu, erTi mxriv, mzis cvari sicocxles<br />
ubrunebs mas, meore mxriv, <strong>mefobis</strong> substanciiT avsebs, rac cxadSi<br />
misi axali saxeliT gamoixata. Tu monadireobaSi warmateba<br />
samonadireo miTosis Tanaxmad, rCeulobis niSania, igive warmateba<br />
gamoavlens <strong>mefobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>sabamier kandi<strong>da</strong>ts, rogorc rCeuls, Tumca es<br />
warmateba xifaTis winaSe ayenebs mas, magram es xifaTi aucilebeli<br />
zRurblia, romelic un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>ilaxos axal safexurze asasvlelad.<br />
igive mze, irmis saxiT gamocxadebuli, miagnebinebs ganZs, romelic<br />
aseve mzis amqveyniuri manifestaciaa <strong>da</strong>, Tu, erTi mxriv, nivTier<br />
saxsars aZlevs mas qveynis saxsnelad, meore mxriv, misi <strong>mefobis</strong><br />
<strong>legitimaciis</strong> nivTieri niSania.<br />
Tumca CvenTvis ucnobia, Tu rogori saxe hqon<strong>da</strong> gamefebis<br />
ceremonials im epoqaSi, kerZod, arsebob<strong>da</strong> Tu ara cxebis rituali<br />
an ra monawileoba hqon<strong>da</strong> `mefeTa sports~, magram am igavis siuJeti<br />
am saxiT uTuod realobas un<strong>da</strong> gamoZaxili un<strong>da</strong> iyos.<br />
<strong>da</strong>mowmebuli literatura<br />
1. qarTlis cxovreba I, Tb., 1955.<br />
2. ioane petriwi, ganmarteba prokle diadoxosis `RmrTismetyvelebis safuZvlebi~<br />
[<strong>da</strong>mana meliqiSvilis gamocema], Tsu, 1999.<br />
3. Франк С. А. Сочинения, М., Изд. «Правда», 1990.<br />
4. vaxuSti batoniSvili `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~ (qarTlis cxovreba<br />
IV, Tb., 1973).<br />
5. Thureau-Dangin Fr. Une relation de la hutieme campagne de Sargon,<br />
Paris, 1912.<br />
6. kiknaZe z. qarTuli miTologia I, jvari <strong>da</strong> saymo, quTaisi, 1996.<br />
7.Оппенхейм А. Лео. Древняя Месопотамия, «Наука», М., 1980.<br />
18
8.Хрестоматия по истории древнего Востока,Под редакцией<br />
акад.В.В.Струве и Д.Г.Редера,Изд.Восточной литературы, М.,<br />
1963.<br />
9. ar<strong>da</strong>Sir papakis Zis saqmeTa wigni, falauri<strong>da</strong>n Targmna, gamokvleva <strong>da</strong><br />
leqsikoni <strong>da</strong>urTo Teo CxeiZem, Tb., `mecniereba~, 1975.<br />
10. Томановская О. С. Лоанго, Каконго и Нгойо, Историко-этнографический очерк,<br />
«Наука», М., 1980.<br />
11. Cimmerli W. Old Testament Theology in Outline, Edinburgh [1987].<br />
12. xalxuri sibrZne II, qarTuli zRaprebi, Tb., `nakaduli~, 1964.<br />
13. Hocart A. M. Kingship, London, 1927.<br />
14. The Sumerian King List by Thorkild Jacobsen, Assyriological Studies<br />
No. 11, The University of Chicago [193].<br />
15. kiknaZe z. Suamdinaruloi miTologia, Tb., `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~,<br />
1979.<br />
16. Коростовцев М.А.Религия древнего Египта,«Наука»,М.,1976.<br />
17. Котрелл Л.Во времена фараонов,«Наука»,М., 1982.<br />
18. Jean Chevalier, Alain Gheerbrant, Dictionnaire des symboles, Paris<br />
[1982],<br />
19. veberi m. rCeuli nawerebi religiis sociologiaSi, Tb., `marsi”, 2004.<br />
20. andronikaSvili m. narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli enobrivi urTierTobi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
Tsu, Tb., 1966.<br />
<strong>mefobis</strong> <strong>legitimaciis</strong> <strong>tipologia</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
cxovreba <strong>farnavazis</strong>i<br />
Tezisebi<br />
zurab kiknaZe<br />
19
yoveli xelisufleba, romelic ki arsebula kacobriobis<br />
istoriaSi, ra tipisa <strong>da</strong> warmoSobis ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos igi, bunebrivad<br />
saWiroebs legitimacias, avtoritetul gamarTlebas rogorc sakuTari<br />
mosaxleobis (qveSevrdomTa), ise mezobeli qveynebis TvalSi. Cveni<br />
yuradRebis sagania <strong>mefobis</strong> instituti, xelisuflebis erT-erTi<br />
yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma, romelsac SegviZlia Tvali gavadevnoT<br />
uZvelesi xani<strong>da</strong>n ramdenime aTaswleulis manZilze sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
kulturebsa Tu civilizaciebSi, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c mis Sesaxeb werilobiTi<br />
Zeglebi laparakoben. <strong>legitimaciis</strong> teqstebi sxvaoben samefo Tu<br />
samTavro dinastiebis mixedviT, isini Seicaven komponentebs, romelTa<br />
xarisxs <strong>da</strong> <strong>tipologia</strong>s gansazRvravs sazogadoebis kulturuli Tu<br />
politikuri ganviTarebis done, <strong>da</strong> kvebavs religiuri Tu miTologiuri<br />
warmodgenebi.<br />
CvenTvis amosavalia siuJeti (<strong>farnavazis</strong> <strong>sizmari</strong> <strong>da</strong> cxadi), romelic<br />
istoriul Txzulebis <strong>`cxovreba</strong> <strong>farnavazis</strong>i, romeli iyo pirveli mefe<br />
qarTlisa” Sesaval nawils warmoadgens <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>mefobis</strong><br />
<strong>legitimaciis</strong> miTis erT-erTi yvelaze sruli (miTologemebis mTeli<br />
kompleqsis Semcveli) varianti <strong>da</strong>sturdeba.<br />
imisaTvis rom teqstis ideologiuri <strong>da</strong>, ufro zoga<strong>da</strong>d,<br />
socialuri Sinarsi sabolood iqnes gacnobierebuli, aucilebelia<br />
funqciurad msgavs teqstebTan misi ti pologiuri Se<strong>da</strong>reba. aseT<br />
teqstebs Soris kulturuli konteqstis mixedviT yvelaze<br />
relevanturia sasanianTa warmomavlobis miTi (ar<strong>da</strong>Sir papakis Zis<br />
gamefeba) <strong>da</strong> saulisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>viTis bibliuri epizodi. <strong>farnavazis</strong><br />
cxovrebis zogierTi miTologema, rogoricaa, magaliTad, mzis cvariT<br />
cxeba, ti pologiur paralelebs Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT ufro Soreuli am<br />
konteqstSi ar SeiZleba gverdi avuaroT bagrationTa dinastiis<br />
<strong>da</strong>arsebis xalxur versiebs, romlebic <strong>mefobis</strong> <strong>legitimaciis</strong> arqauli<br />
miTologemebiT aris gadmocemuli. <strong>mefobis</strong> <strong>legitimaciis</strong> narativebi<br />
SeiZleba <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebul iqnas ukve literaturulad gaformebul epiur<br />
teqstebSic. sailustraciod kmara “vefxistyaosnisa” <strong>da</strong> argonavtebis<br />
miTis magaliTebis ganxilva.<br />
З. Кикнадзе,<br />
профессор ТГУ<br />
Типология легитимации царской власти<br />
и «Житие Парнаваза»<br />
(Резюмэ)<br />
Любая власть, какого типа и происхождения она ни была, естественно нуждается в<br />
легитимации, авторитетном оправдании перед лицом собственного народа и<br />
внешнешо мира, и хотя бы перед собственным судом. Мы сосредоточиваем<br />
внимание на институте царства, на одной из более распространенной форме<br />
власти, имея возможнось наблюдать за ее возникновением и функционированием в<br />
разных цивилизациях и культурах древнего мира. Тексты легитимации содержат<br />
реалии идеологического (религиозного и мифологического) порядка, качество и<br />
характер которых определяется культурным уровнем данного общества. Исходным<br />
текстом для исследования служит сюжет из исторического нарратива о Парнавазе<br />
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(«Житие Парнаваза»), родоначальника первой царской династии в Грузии, именно,<br />
сон Парнаваза, содержащий целый комплекс мифологем и символов, связанных с<br />
концепцией происхождения царской власти (как то, «солнечная роса», царская<br />
охота, нахождение клада...).<br />
Z. KIKNADZE<br />
Professor of TSU<br />
Typology of the Legitimation of Royal Power<br />
and the “Life of Parnavaz”<br />
Summary<br />
Any power, irrespective of its type and origin, naturally, stands in need of<br />
legitimation, authoritative justification in the face of its own people and the outer world –<br />
even in the face of one's own judgment . The author focuses attention on the institution of<br />
kingship – one of the more widespread forms of power – being in a position to follow its<br />
origin and functioning in different civilizations and cultures of the Ancient World. The<br />
texts of legitimation contain realities of ideological (religious and mythological) order,<br />
whose quality and character are determined by the cultural level of a given society. The<br />
plot of the historical narrative on Parnavaz (“The Life of Parnavaz”), the founder of the<br />
first royal dynasty in Georgia, serves as basic text of the study, viz. the “dream of<br />
Parnavaz” that contains a whole complex of mythologems and symbols connected with<br />
the conception of the origin and source of royal power (such as, “sun dew”, the royal<br />
hunting, discovery of treasure and etc.).<br />
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