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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong>:<br />
strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
saboloo angariSi<br />
aprili, 2009<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
1
Sinaarsi<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
1 reziume ....................................................................................................................... 1<br />
2 Sesavali ..................................................................................................................... 3<br />
2..1 meTodologia ............................................................................................................ 3<br />
3 <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria ............................................................... 4<br />
3.1 Sesavali .............................................................................................. , ...................... 4<br />
3.2 <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> seqtori ...................................................................... .....5<br />
3.3 <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> mimarT mxardaWeris <strong>politika</strong> ................................... 8<br />
3.4 <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> ganviTarebis Semaferxebeli faqtorebi ................. 11<br />
3.5 adgilobrivi konsultaciebis mignebebi .................................................................14<br />
3.6 finansuri analizi ................................................................................................... 16<br />
3.7 SWOT analizi ....................................................... .......................... 17<br />
4 saerTaSoriso konteqsti ..................................................................................... 19<br />
4.1 kinematografia saerTaSoriso konteqstSi ........................................................... 20<br />
4.2 msoflio <strong>kinematografiis</strong> ekonomikis mimoxilva.................................................. 20<br />
4.2.1 axali tendenciebi msoflio <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industriaSi ...................................................... 21<br />
4.3 <strong>kinematografiis</strong> mimoxilva evrokavSiris konteqstSi ..................................... 22<br />
4.4 konkretuli magaliTebi saerTaSoriso masStabiT.. ............................................. 24<br />
4.4.1 konkretuli magaliTebi saerTaSoriso masStabiT (mTavari faqtebis matrica) ................................. 25<br />
5 rekomendaciebi <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebisTvis28<br />
5.1 “Rirebulebis jaWvis” ganviTareba ...................................................................28<br />
5.1.1 treningi ................................................................................................................................................... 30<br />
5.1.2 filmis Cveneba ........................................................................................................................................................................<br />
5.1.3 uflebebis racionalizacia ................................................................................................................ 33<br />
5.2 dafinanseba.............................................................................................................................................. 35<br />
5.2.1 filmebis warmoebisa da distribuciis mxardamWeri fondis ganviTareba ............................. 35<br />
5.2.2 sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis ganviTareba ............................................................................................ 36<br />
5.2.3 dafinansebis damatebiTi wyaroebi<br />
5.2.4 prioritetuli samoqmedo punqtebi ................................................................................................. 42<br />
5.3 strategiuli mxardaWeris ganviTareba ...........................................................42<br />
5.3.1 qseluri kapitalis ganviTareba<br />
5.3.2 informacia adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb<br />
5.3.3 kvleva da monacemebi .......................................................................................................................... 44<br />
5.3.4 SeTanxmebebi erTobliv warmoebaze ................................................................................................. 45<br />
5.3.5 <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sferoSi TanamSromlobis gafarToeba ............................................................ 47<br />
5.3.6 prioritetuli samoqmedo punqtebi .................................................................................................. 48<br />
6 daskvna ..................................................................................................................... 48<br />
danarTi I- konvencia filmebis erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb ............................... 51<br />
danarTi II- saerTaSoriso komparatori qveynebi ......................................................... 52<br />
safrangeTi ............................................................................................................................ 52<br />
safrangeTis Sesaxeb ............................................................................................................................................. 52<br />
2
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
Sinaarsi<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>politika</strong> .................................................................................................................................. 54<br />
specifikuri intervenciebi kinematografiaSi ................................................................................................ 55<br />
ungreTi .................................................................................................................................. 56<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>politika</strong> 59<br />
specifikuri intervenciebi kinematografiaSi ...................................................................... ....... ,. ............. 61<br />
irlandia ............................................................................................................................... 64<br />
irlandiis Sesaxeb ................................................................................................................................................ 64<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>politika</strong> 66<br />
specifikuri intervenciebi kinematografiaSi ................................................................................................ 68<br />
axali zelandia .................................................................................................................... 71<br />
axali zelandiis Sesaxeb .................................................................................................................................... 71<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>politika</strong> 73<br />
axali zelandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> komisia .................................................................................................... 74<br />
SeTanxmebebi erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb ................................................................................................. 74<br />
specifikuri intervenciebi kinematografiaSi ................................................................................................ 75<br />
sertificireba da sagadasaxado sistema ........................................................................................................ 78<br />
poloneTi ............................................................................................................................... 79<br />
poloneTis Sesaxeb ................................................................................................................................................ 79<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>politika</strong> ................................................. 81<br />
specifikuri intervenciebi kinematografiaSi ................................................................................................ 84<br />
TurqeTi ................................................................................................................................. 88<br />
TurqeTis Sesaxeb................................................................................................................................................... 88<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>politika</strong> 90<br />
araoficialuri interviu “kodakis” regionalur menejerTan, gohan ozdemirTan .............................. 90<br />
specifikuri intervenciebi kinematografiaSi ................................................................................................ 91<br />
3
grafikebi<br />
Sinaarsi<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
grafiki 1: filmis warmoebis procesi 29<br />
grafiki 2: sagadasaxado kompensaciis modeli ungruli filmebis indutriaSi ............................... 62<br />
grafiki 3: dakveTis gareSe warmoebuli filmebis sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi ungreTSi ..................... 63<br />
cxrilebi<br />
cxrili 1: sagamofeno infrastruqtura saqarTveloSi .................................................... 6<br />
cxrili 2: saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris biujeti da<br />
specifikuri sferosTvis Tanxebis gamoyofa ..................................................................... 9<br />
cxrili 3: sagadasaxado tipologia saqarTveloSi ....................................................... 16<br />
cxrili 4: Semosavali filmebis industriidan qveynebSi/regionebSi (aSS<br />
dolarebSi), 2007 wlis monacemebi ...................................................................................... 21<br />
cxrili 5: Semosavali filmebis industriidan qveynebSi/regionebSi (aSS<br />
dolarebSi), 2012 wlis prognozi ........................................................................................ 21<br />
cxrili 6: <strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>industriis</strong>a da intervenciebis Sedareba qveynebis<br />
konkretuli magaliTebis safuZvelze 25<br />
cxrili 7: sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis sargebeli ungreTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
industriaSi 61<br />
cxrili 8: saxelmwifos danaxarjebi kulturis sferoSi: (seqtorebis mixedviT,<br />
evroSi, 2006 da 2007 wlis monacemebi)<br />
66<br />
cxrili 9: poloneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> institutis programebi ............................... 84<br />
cxrili 10: poloneTSi warmoebuli filmebis raodenoba, 2004-2006 wlebis monacemebi<br />
............................................................................................................................. ...................... 86<br />
cxrili 11: kinoTeatrebis mayurebelTa raodenoba evropis qveynebSi (2004-2008<br />
wlebis monacemebi) ................................................................................. 87<br />
cxrili 12: erovnuli filmebis sabazro wili evropis qveynebSi ............................. 87<br />
4
1 reziume<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis industria kritikul mdgomareobaSia. sabWoTa kavSiris<br />
daSlis Semdeg industriam 10-12 wliani stagnaciis periodi gamoiara,<br />
radgan sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis process Tan axlda mTeli rigi<br />
problemebi. garda amisa, infrastruqturis ararsebobis gamo e.w.<br />
“inteleqtualuri investiciebic” Semcirda, ramac Tavis mxriv, Seaferxa<br />
Rirebuli produqciis Seqmnis procesi saTanado profesiuli momzadebisa<br />
da unar-Cvevebis deficitis gamo. Tumca, es angariSi dasturia imisa, rom<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnul centrs aqvs imis ambicia da<br />
survili, rom filmebis industria ganviTardes, SemoiRon sazRvargareT<br />
aprobirebuli saukeTeso praqtika, SeimuSavon Tanamimdevruli da<br />
progresuli <strong>politika</strong>, romelic qveynis SemoqmedebiTi ganviTarebis<br />
strategiaSi kinematografias mTavar pozicias miuCens.<br />
axla namdvilad Sesaferisi momentia aseTi proeqtisTvis. cifrulma<br />
teqnologia, seqtoris transformacia moaxdina, ramac, erTi mxriv<br />
problemebi Seuqmna damkvidrebul, legalur bizness mzardi<br />
falsifikaciis gamo da meore mxriv ki, ganviTarebad qveynebs axali<br />
SesaZleblobebi misca filmebis distribuciisTvis. Uufro metic,<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> politikur-ekonomikuri struqturis cvlilebebma da<br />
aRmosavleTY evropaSi, indoeTsa da CineTSi adgilobrivi warmoebis zrdam<br />
daadastura, rom msoflioSi mzardi moTxovna arsebobs iseT filmebze,<br />
romlebsac adgilobrivi da erovnuli fesvebi aqvs, magram amave dros<br />
globalur ambiciebsac moicavs.<br />
am farTo konteqstSi aRniSnuli angariSi warmoadgens <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> amJamindeli mdgomareobis strategiul mimoxilvas da<br />
gvTavazobs strategiul xedvasa da rekomendaciebs seqtoris ganviTarebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT.<br />
kvleva cxadhyofs, rom dResdReobiT <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis warmoebam Semdegi<br />
mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi unda gaiTvaliswinos:<br />
adgilobrivi warmoebis mTavari xelisSemSleli faqtori aris<br />
komerciuli da teqnikuri unarebis nakleboba warmoebis sferoSi.<br />
ar arsebobs adekvaturi infrastruqtura profesiuli momzadebisTvis,<br />
warmoebisa da warmoebis Semdgomi etapisTvis. Aaucilebelia Sesabamisi<br />
investicia. infrastruqtura moicavs 6 wamyvan mwarmoebel kompanias,<br />
oriode firmas, romelic warmoebis Semdgom etaps uzrunvelyofs da<br />
gayidvisa da distribuciis namdvilad arasaxarbielo sistemas. 2000-2008<br />
wlebSi saqarTveloSi mxolod 18 mxatvruli filmi gadaiRes. qveyanaSi<br />
aris ori ZiriTadi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba (Teatrisa da kinos<br />
saxelmwifo universiteti da Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti), sadac<br />
filmebis industria saswavlo programis erTerTi sagania da muSaobs<br />
erTi wamyvani arasamTavrobo organizacia, romelic profesionalur<br />
treningebs atarebs am sferoSi (ai-ef-ei-es-si).<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis <strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebisTvis mTavari<br />
5
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
Semaferxebeli faqtoria profesionalebis nakleboba, moZvelebuli<br />
infrastruqtura, monopolizebuli kinoTeatrebis qseli da<br />
distribuciis susti sistema. Ggarda amisa, aRsaniSnavia filmebis<br />
mwarmoebeli kompaniebisTvis dawesebuli maRali gadasaxadebi.<br />
am problemebis mosagvareblad da saukeTeso saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, Cveni rekomendaciia, rom saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
erovnulma centrma yuradReba gaamaxvilos Semdeg 3 sakiTxze:<br />
1. “Rirebulebis jaWvis” (filmis warmoebis procesis ) ganviTareba<br />
2. dafinanseba da finansuri SeRavaTebi<br />
3. strategiuli mxardaWeris gegmis ganviTareba<br />
am sakiTxebze orientirebiT, Cven Semdegi prioritetuli samoqmedo<br />
punqtebi davadgineT saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centrisTvis<br />
Sesabamis partniorebTan erTad gansaxilvelad.<br />
“Rirebulebis jaWvis” ganviTareba<br />
saganmanaTleblo da profesiuli momzadebis programis ASemuSaveba, raTa<br />
maRali donis kadrebis safuZvelze industria konkurentunariani iyos<br />
saerTaSoriso aspareze;<br />
meti SesaZleblobebis Seqmna filmebis gasavrceleblad da am mizniT<br />
TanamSromloba skolebTan, universitetebTan; cifruli ekranis<br />
damontaJeba iseT adgilebSi, sadac kinoTeatri ar aris;<br />
molaparakebebi <strong>qarTuli</strong> arqivis kontrolTan dakavSirebiT da saTanado<br />
uflebebiT ndobiT aRWurvili subieqtis uzrunvelyofa<br />
dafinansebis strategiis SemuSaveba, romlis meSveobiT moxdeba<br />
filmebis dafinanseba saTanado marketinguli da sadistribucio<br />
gegmis safuZvelze;<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri orientirebuli<br />
unda iyos saditribucio potencialis gamoyenebaze, kerZod<br />
cifruli distribuciis modelze, raTa ufro farTo masStabiT<br />
moxdes <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis gavrceleba.<br />
dafinanseba<br />
dafinansebis damatebiTi wyaroebis gamovlineba da 1.5%-iani<br />
gadasaxadis daweseba kinoTeatrebisa da televiziis sareklamo,<br />
sakabelo da satelituri arxebis da farTomasStabiani<br />
translaciis Semosavlebze. yovelive es xels Seuwyobs<br />
indutriisTvis saWiro fondis Seqmnas;<br />
sagadasaxado instruqciebis SemuSaveba filmebis <strong>industriis</strong>Tvis<br />
arsebuli kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze. es SeiZleba moxdes<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centrisa da Sesabamisi<br />
safinanso uwyebebis erToblivi muSaobis Semdeg.<br />
kerZo seqtoris stimulireba <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
6
industriaSi investiciebis gansaxorcieleblad sagadasaxado<br />
kompensaciis meSveobiT, roca kerZo sponsori filmis warmoebis<br />
biujetis 20%-s uxdis mwarmoebel kompanias. korporatiuli<br />
sponsori sargebels iRebs sagadasaxado SeRavaTis saxiT da<br />
inazRaurebs danaxarjis 20%-s saSemosavlo gadasaxadis<br />
sanacvlod.<br />
sagadasaxdo SeRavaTebis SemoReba, Tu adgilobrivi an ucxoeli<br />
prodiuserebi (kompaniebi) investicias deben saqarTveloSi<br />
kinematografis infrastruqturis ganviTarebaSi.<br />
erovnuli latareis dafinansebis SemoReba, rogorc filmebis<br />
<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis modelisa, Tu mTavroba mxars dauWers<br />
iniciativas.<br />
dafinansebis wyaroebis moZieba filmebis proeqtebisTvis mTavari<br />
samauwyeblo organizaciis daxmarebiT, rogorc es holandiis<br />
magaliTSia aRwerili: 5.2.3.<br />
strategiuli mxardaWeris gegmis ganviTareba<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
codnis gadacemis qselis Seqmna, raTa ufro mWidro TanamSromloba<br />
Camoyalibdes <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industrias, SemoqmedebiT da cifrul<br />
industriebsa da komerciul kvleviT bazas Soris.<br />
evropuli filmebis komisiaSi gawevrianeba, raTa ganviTardes<br />
filmebis gavrcelebis samsaxuri da moxdes e.w. “inteleqtualuri”<br />
investireba filmebis warmoebaSi.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris kvlevam da<br />
<strong>politika</strong>m saTanado baza unda Seqmnas filmis <strong>industriis</strong>Tvis da<br />
saTanado informaciaze dayrdnobiT unda moxdes gadawyvetilebebis<br />
miReba.<br />
unda ganixilon EURIMAGE-Si gawevrianebis SesaZlebloba, raTa<br />
monawileoba miiRoT media programaSi da SeiswavloT erToblivi<br />
warmoebis SesaZleblobebi kinematografiuli TanamSromlobis<br />
Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis safuZvelze.<br />
dasakargi dro namdvilad ar aris, Tu qarTul kinematografias<br />
surs Tavisi sruli potenciali gamoiyenos. Cven gTavazobT<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris<br />
TanamSromlobis gafarToebas, rogorc programis ganxorcielebis<br />
pirvel etaps.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>politika</strong> ambiciuri unda iyos, magram<br />
amave dros, realisturi. industria sakmaod konkurentunariania<br />
da amJamindeli krizisis fonze mas mouwevs garkveuli sakiTxebis<br />
mogvareba dafinansebasTan dakavSirebiT. Tumca, es mniSvnelovani<br />
momentia imisaTvis, rom stabiluri da mdgradi programa<br />
ganxorcieldes seqtoris ganviTarebis mizniT, rac ar iqneba<br />
7
damokidebuli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebze, magram misTvis arsebiTi<br />
mniSvneloba eqneba filmis gadaRebis process, “Rirebulebis<br />
jaWvs,” kadrebis momzadebas da infrastruqturas samomavlo<br />
ganviTarebis mizniT.sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi Zalian<br />
mniSvnelovania, rac gadamwyvet rols Seasrulebs Semosavlebis<br />
moZiebaSi programis gansaxorcieleblad, magram mxolod<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi ar aris sakmarisi “inteleqtualuri”<br />
investiciebis da Tanamwarmoeblebis mosazidad. globalur da<br />
konkurentul bazarze mTavari ganmsazRvreli faqtori<br />
asocirdeba “Rirebulebis jaWvTan.”<br />
2 Sesavali<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
gTavazobT saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma “bi-ou-fi<br />
konsaltings” daavala <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>industriis</strong> strategiuli<br />
mimoxilvis momzadeba saerTaSoriso konteqstSi, rasac ATan unda axldes<br />
rekomendaciebi <strong>kinematografiis</strong> politikis samomavlo ganviTarebaze. Aesaa<br />
damatebiTi mimoxilva im adgilobrivi kvlevisTvis, romelic<br />
marketinguli kvlevisa da sakonsultacio kompaniis “eisiTis” mier<br />
Catarda <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmis <strong>industriis</strong> Sesaxeb. gadra amisa,<br />
damoukidebelma auditorebma, irina dadvanma da kote gorbatkovma<br />
<strong>industriis</strong> sagadasaxdo sistemis Taviseburebebi da problemebi<br />
Seiswavles da finansuri analizi moamzades. es angariSi imisaTvisaa<br />
gamiznuli, rom uzrunvelyofili iqnas strategiis avtorebis<br />
gadaadgileba qveynis masStabiT, romlebic eZeben garkveul barierebs da<br />
gamowvevebs <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmis industriaSi. angariSi agreTve daexmareba<br />
dinamiuri da mtkice seqtoris Camoyalibebas, romelic msoflio bazarze<br />
konkurentunariani iqneba.<br />
angariSis struqtura Semdegnairia:<br />
mesame nawilSi mocemulia <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>industriis</strong><br />
Sejameba, SesaZleblobebis, distribuciis, profesiuli momzadebisa da<br />
unarebis, arsebuli barierebis Sefaseba.<br />
meoTxe nawilSi mocemulia 6 qveynis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>industriis</strong><br />
analizi, sadac ganxilulia <strong>politika</strong>, specifikuri intervenciebi<br />
(rogoricaa sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi). Aam analizis mizani iyo <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> politikis ganxilva saerTaSoriso konteqstSi da<br />
ucxoeTSi dafiqsirebuli magaliTebis gaTvaliswineba.<br />
mexuTe nawilSi aris specifikuri rekomendaciebi <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis<br />
<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebisTvis. aRniSnuli rekomendaciebi konkretul<br />
faqtebs efuZneba. isini ZiriTadad exeba finansur da sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTebs, miwodebis, wardgenisa da distribuciis ganviTarebas,<br />
komunikaciis saSualebebs.<br />
8
2.1 meTodologia<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
mocemuli kvleva efuZneba pirvelad da meorad kvlevebs, romelic did<br />
britaneTsa da saqarTveloSi Catarda.<br />
angariSSi gaanalizebuli seqtori moicavs <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmis industrias,<br />
sadac, Tavis mxriv, gaerTianebulia filmis miwodebis jaWvis yvela<br />
elementi:<br />
■ warmoebis wina periodi<br />
■ warmoeba<br />
■ warmoebis Semdgomi periodi<br />
■ mxardaWera, marketingi da iuridiuli momsaxureba<br />
erovnul doneze, marketingulma da sakonsultacio kompania “eisiTim”<br />
gaiara safuZvliani konsultacia qarTul kinematografiasTan, raTa<br />
saTanadod Seeswavla seqtorSi arsebuli mdgomareoba. aRniSnul kvlevas<br />
xelmZRvanelobda wamyvani sakonsultacio firma “bi-ou-pi konsaltingi.”<br />
kvlevis mizani iyo Semdegi sferoebis Seswavla:<br />
■ <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis warmoebaSi arsebuli praqtika<br />
■ <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis dafinansebis arsebuli praqtika<br />
■ <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis warmoebis Zlieri da susti mxareebi<br />
■ <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis <strong>industriis</strong> distribuciis SesaZleblobebi<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis industriaSi arsebuli Cvenebis praqtika adgilobrivi<br />
festivalebis, saerTaSoriso festivalebisa da kinoTeatrebSi Cvenebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT<br />
aRniSnuli kvlevis mignebebi am angariSSia dajamebuli.<br />
adgilobriv kvlevasTan erTad, “bi-ou-pi konsaltingma” Seiswavla<br />
statistikuri monacemebi da gaiara konsultacebi sferoSi moRvawe<br />
pirebTan, raTa erT konteqstSi moexdina adgilobrivi kvlevis mignebebis<br />
gaerTianeba, warmoeCina konkretuli magaliTebi sazRvargareTis<br />
praqtikidan, rac mniSvnelovani iqneboda <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmis indutriis<br />
ganviTarebisTvis da SeemuSavebina strategiuli rekomendaciebi <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> samomavlo politikisTvis.<br />
9
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
3 <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria<br />
3.1 Sesavali<br />
1896 wlis noemberSi, ramdenime Tvis Semdeg, rac parizSi kinoTeatrebi<br />
aRmocenda, am dargma saqarTveloSic SemoaRwia. male TbiliSi gaixsna<br />
kinoTeatrebi- odeoni, apolo da mulen eleqtriki. 1908 weli miiCneva<br />
kinoTeatris oficialurad dabadebis wlad saqarTveloSi.<br />
1921 wels, sabWoTa wyobis damyarebasTan erTad, kino propagandis mTavar<br />
iaraRad iqca. Tumca, saqarTveloSi kvlav iqmneboda erovnul klasikur<br />
literaturaze dafuZnebuli filmebi. 15 sabWoTa respublikaSi iyo<br />
filmebis studiebi da centraluri xelisufleba maT kvotebs uwesebda.<br />
Aam periodis <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis warmoeba sakmaod mniSvnelovani iyo.<br />
mxolod ruseTi da ukraina uSvebda saqarTveloze met films.<br />
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg <strong>qarTuli</strong> kinos seqtorSi 10-20 wliani<br />
stagnaciis periodi iyo da am dros <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmi saerTod ar Seqmnila.<br />
sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis process Tan axlda mTeli rigi<br />
problemebi. garda amisa, infrastruqturis ararsebobis gamo e.w.<br />
“inteleqtualuri investiciebic” Semcirda, ramac Tavis mxriv, Seaferxa<br />
Rirebuli produqciis Seqmnis procesi. Aadgilobriv warmoebaSi ar iyo<br />
saTanado samewarmeo unarCvevebi. “prodiuseris” sabWoTa periodis<br />
ganmarteba hgavs “warmoebis menejeris” Tanamedrove cnebas, romelic<br />
akontrolebda mxolod centraluri biujetidan dafinansebis process.<br />
SemoqmedebiTi xedva da warmoebis unari arasdros ar ganixileboda<br />
mniSvnelovan faqtorebad. amitom, gardamaval periodSi saerTod ar iyvnen<br />
prodiuserebi, romlebic komerciuli TvalsazrisiT ganixilavdnen<br />
filmis warmoebas. es problema axlac aqtualuria qarTul<br />
kinematografiaSi.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmis <strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis procesi sakmaod neli iyo da<br />
axlac grZeldeba. Kkidev aris saWiro dro da Zalisxmeva, raTa qarTulma<br />
filmma daimkvidros stabiluri da mdgradi pozicia. <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris mizania xeli Seuwyos am process da<br />
daicvas <strong>qarTuli</strong> kinos memkvidreoba. centris warmomadgenlebi<br />
darwmunebulni arian, rom swori da keTilgonivruli Zalisxmeva dadebiT<br />
Sedegebs moitans.<br />
aRniSnul angariSSi <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris daxasiaTeba<br />
centris mier mowodebuli konsultaciebisa da mignebebidan aris<br />
gamoyenebuli. Cven vfirobT, rom zogierTi monacemi SeiZleba ar iyos<br />
zusti da saWiroebdes meti details gadmocemas. Tumca, es imis<br />
maniSnebelia, rom seqtori ganviTarebis sawyis fazaSia da amJamad ar<br />
arsebobs oficialuri statistikuri baza da detaluri kvleva filmebis<br />
<strong>industriis</strong>a da warmoebis zusti moculobisa da misi ekonomikuri<br />
gavlenis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad amisa, angariSSi mainc aris naCvenebi<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> seqtoris axlandeli mdgomareobis zogadi suraTi.<br />
10
3.2 <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> seqtori<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
am nawilSi warmodgenilia <strong>qarTuli</strong> kimenatografiis seqtoris mokle<br />
mimoxilva da kerZod, filmis “Rirebulebis jaWvis” TiToeuli ZiriTadi<br />
elementi:<br />
warmoeba<br />
amJamad saqarTveloSi filmis mwarmoebeli 6 wamyvani kompania muSaobs.. 3<br />
es kompaniebi ZiriTad aqcents akeTeben filmebis warmoebaze. wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi am kompaniebSi iqmneba erTze meti mxatvruli, dokumenturi<br />
da moklemetraJiani filmi..<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris monacemebiT, 2000-2008<br />
wlebSi saqarTveloSi Seiqmna<br />
■<br />
■<br />
■<br />
■<br />
18 mxatvruli filmi<br />
56 moklemetraJiani filmi.<br />
20 mxatvrul-dokumenturi filmi<br />
50 moklemetraJiani dokumenturi filmi<br />
12 animaciuri filmi<br />
4 eqsperimentuli filmi<br />
2001 wlis Semdeg <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris<br />
mxardaWeriT Seiqmna:<br />
■<br />
■ 12 mxatvruli filmi<br />
■ 22 sadebiuto da moklemetraJiani filmi<br />
■ 13 dokumenturi filmi<br />
■ 6 animaciuri filmi<br />
saqarTveloSi mxatvruli filmis saSualo biujeti 500 000 evros<br />
eqvivalentia.<br />
warmoebis Semdgomi periodi<br />
“<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmi” saqarTveloSi udidesi studiaa, romlis mizania<br />
adgilobrivi Tu ucxoeli prodiuserebisTvis sruli warmoebisa da<br />
warmoebis Semdgomi samuSaoebis uzrunvelyofa. Ees studia Seiqmna<br />
Zveli saxelmwifo studiis bazaze da nawilobriv misi mflobeli<br />
saxelmwifoa.<br />
“qarTulma filmma” SeiZina warmoebisa da Semdgomi etapisTvis<br />
saWiro Tanamedrove teqnika da male mzad iqneba profesionaluri<br />
momsaxurebisTvis. 4 mTavari problema, rac ukavSirdeba “qarTulma<br />
11
films” aris kvalificiuri kadrebis nakleboba. Kkvlevis Sedegebma<br />
cxadhyo, rom adgilobrivi kadrebis codna ar Seesabameba<br />
Tanamedrove moTxovnebs da Seusabamoa uaxles teqnikasTan muSaobis<br />
procesSi.<br />
saqarTveloSi aris kidev 4-5 kompania, romelic aqiravebs saWiro<br />
aparaturas da zogjer filmebsac awarmoebs. xmis cifruli<br />
meTodiT Cawera da warmoebis Semdgomi etapi problematuria. 5 garda<br />
amisa, maRalia teqnikis daqiravebis fasi.<br />
Ggayidva/distribucia/Cveneba<br />
saqarTveloSi distribuciis qsels kerZoO kompania flobs. ar<br />
arsebobs konkurencia da am kompanias sruli monopolia aqvs<br />
aRniSnul seqtorSi.<br />
TbilisSi 4 kinoTeatri funqcionirebs, sadac dReSi saSualod 5-6<br />
seansia. programaSi ZiriTadad aSS-Si warmoebuli filmebi<br />
dominirebs. Tumca, axali <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis Cvenebac xdeba.<br />
TbilisSiKkinos bileTis fasi daaxloebiT 7-10 laria (3-4 evros<br />
ekvivalenti). regionebSi fasi SedarebiT dabalia.<br />
cxrili 1: filmis Cvenebis infrastruqtura saqarTveloSi<br />
Aadgilmdebareoba # Kkino-Teatri seansi adgili<br />
Tbilisi 1 rusTaveli 5 858<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
I dabrazi 405<br />
II dabrazi 154<br />
III dabrazi 106<br />
IV dabrazi 102<br />
V dabrazi 91<br />
2 Aamirani 2 566<br />
I dabrazi 450<br />
II dabrazi 116<br />
4 Kkinos saxli 1 200<br />
5 axmeteli 1 157<br />
jami 1921<br />
KquTaisi 6 saqarTvelo 2 300<br />
I dabrazi 150<br />
II dabrazi 150<br />
7 suliko 1 300<br />
jami 600<br />
BbaTumi 8 Tbilisi 1 389<br />
9 kinoTeatri r> 210<br />
jami 599<br />
rusTavi 10 rusTaveli 1 195<br />
borjomi 11 1 220<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
12
siRnRai 12 qiziyi 1 126<br />
zugdidi 13 Aatrium v il 300<br />
WiaTura 14 MmaRaroeli 1 150<br />
saCxere 15 1 150<br />
AabaSa 16 1 150<br />
Telavi 17 1 120<br />
Ggori 18 Ggamarjveba 1 600<br />
Bbakuriani 19^ 1 150<br />
Kkodori 20 1 150<br />
zestafoni 21 1 150<br />
Aaxalcixe 22 1 150<br />
Aaxalqalaqi 24 1 150<br />
TamaraSeni 23 1 150<br />
sul 30 5821<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
vidre ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris konfliqti gamwvavdeboda 2008<br />
wlis agvistoSi, filmebis importi rusi distributorebis mier<br />
xdeboda, romlebic saTanado uflebiT arian aRWurvili dsT-s<br />
masStabiT. xdeboda filmebis dublireba rusul enaze.<br />
konfliqtis Semdeg qarTveli distributorebi filmebis eqsports<br />
ewevian evropis meSveobiT, rac ufro rTul process warmoadgens.<br />
garigebebi ufro Zviri jdeba da filmebi qarTul enazea, rasac<br />
xSirad mayurebeli negatiurad afasebs.<br />
saqarTveloSi ar arian gayidvebis agentebi. ZiriTadad, Tavad<br />
prodiuserebi arian CarTuli gayidvebis procesSi. jerjerobiT arc erTi<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmi ar gayidula evropaSi Cvenebis mziniT.<br />
ganaTleba da sxva specifiuri instituciebi <strong>kinematografiis</strong> seqtorSi<br />
saqarTveloSi ori saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaa, sadac<br />
kinematografias aswavlian: Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
da Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti. gavrcelebuli mosazrebiT, orive<br />
saswavlo dawesebulebam unda gaaumjobesos programa. K<strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
erovnuli centri miiCnevs, rom saswavlo programa ar Seesabameba<br />
Tanamedrove moTxovnebs.<br />
mTavari organizacia saqarTveloSi, romelic profesiul momzadebas<br />
sTavazobs msurvelebs aris “damoukidebel kinematografistTa asociaciaa<br />
(ai-ef-ei-si-es),” romelic 2005 wels daarsda. 6 es aris arasamTavrobo<br />
organizacia, romelic samxreT kavkasiaSi (saqarTveloSi, azerbaijansa da<br />
somxeTSi) muSaobs. asociacia adgilobriv profesionalebs treningebs<br />
13
sTavazobs. Aam treningebis mizania filmebis warmoebis ganviTareba<br />
samxreT kavkasiaSi da regionis filmebis mwarmoebelTa erRmaneTTan<br />
dakavSireba. Aasociaciis mxardamWeria Sveicariis ganviTarebisa da<br />
TanamSromlobis saagento.<br />
“saavtoro uflebebis dacvis saagento” erTaderTi organizaciaa<br />
saqarTveloSo, romelic am sferoSi moRvaweobs.<br />
festivalebi<br />
Tbilisi or ZiriTad saerTaSoriso festivals maspinZlobs. Eesenia<br />
Tbilisis saerTaSoriso filmebis festivali da axalgazrduli<br />
filmebis festivali sesili. orive festivalis mxardamWeria<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
Tbilisis saerTaSoriso filmebis festivali yovelwliurad<br />
tardeba. es arakomerciuli kulturuli RonisZiebaa, romlis<br />
organizatoria kinoxelovnebis centri “promeTe.” Mmisi mizania<br />
msoflios <strong>kinematografiis</strong> saqarTveloSi warmoCena. festivals ori<br />
oficialuri jildo aqvs: oqros promeTe da vercxlis promeTe,<br />
agreTve farajanovisa da fipresis prizebi. 7<br />
3.3 <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> mimarT mxardaWeris<br />
<strong>politika</strong><br />
saqarTveloSi arsebuli kanonmdebloba, sadac gaTvaliswinebulia<br />
adgilobrivi filmebis <strong>industriis</strong> mxardaWera moicavs saqarTvelos<br />
konstitucias da kanons kulturis Sesaxeb. kanonmdeblobaSi Semdegi<br />
samarTlebrivi CarCoebia gansazRvruli:<br />
■ Kkanoni saxelmwifos mier erovnuli <strong>kinematografiis</strong> mimarT<br />
mxardaWeris Sesaxeb<br />
■ Kkanoni saavtoro uflebebis Sesaxeb<br />
■ Kkanoni SemoqmedebiTi muSobisa da SemoqmedebiTi kavSirebis Sesaxeb<br />
kanoni mozardebze mavne gavlenis Sesaxeb da sxva Sesabamisi<br />
normatiuli aqtebi. 8<br />
kanoni saxelmwifos mier erovnuli <strong>kinematografiis</strong> mimarT mxardaWeris<br />
Sesaxeb (2000 wlis 5 dekemberi) aris mTavari dokumenti, romelSic<br />
gansazRvrulia saxelmwifos mxardaWera filmis warmoebis <strong>industriis</strong><br />
mimarT.<br />
rogorc gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveyana, saqarTvelo<br />
seriozuli socialuri da ekonomikuri problemebis winaSe dgas.<br />
amitom, kulturis seqtori mTavrobisTvis prioritetuli arasdros<br />
yofila. Tumca, <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> zogierTi warmomadgeneli<br />
mainc axerxebda filmebis mwarmoebelTa interesebis lobirebas.<br />
maTi saqmianobis Sedegi iyo 2001 wlis aprilSi <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
14
erovnuli centris Seqmna. Ees iyo erTerTi pirveli struqtura<br />
saqarTveloSi, romelic aqcents akeTebda adgilobrivi filmebis<br />
<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebaze.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri warmoadgens sajaro<br />
samarTlis iuridiul pirs, romelsac kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da<br />
sportis saministro afinansebs saxelmwifo biujetidan. saministros<br />
saSualo wliuri biujeti 85 milioni laria. saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris dafinanseba 2 milioni lariT<br />
ganisazRreba.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris kanoniT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli dafinansebis wyaroebi Semdegnairia::<br />
Tanxa gamoiyofa saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetidan an Sesabamisi<br />
adgilobrivi biujetidan.<br />
o saxelmwifo gankargulebis Sesrulebidan miRebuli Semosavali.<br />
o kontraqtebis Sesrulebidan miRebuli Semosavali<br />
o damatebiTi sawarmoo aqtivobebidan miRebuli Semosavali da<br />
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva saSemosavlo<br />
wyaroebi<br />
mocemuli monacemebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli<br />
centris erTaderTi realuri saSemosavlo wyaro aris saxelmwifo<br />
biujetidan gamoyofili Tanxa.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris mizania uzrunvelyos<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmis warmoebis ganviTareba.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris saqmianoba mimarTulia<br />
filmebis erovnuli warmoebis mxadaWerisken (saxelmwifo subsidirebis<br />
meSveobiT), infrastruqturisa da teqnikuri aRWurvilobis ganviTarebisken,<br />
filmebis Cvenebisa da distribuciisTvis Sesabamisi pirobebis Seqmnisken,<br />
samecniero da saganmanaTleblo programebis mxardaWerisa da<br />
ganxorcielebisken.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris saqmianoba<br />
saministrosgan damoukidebelia. Mmas xelmZRvanelobs kulturis, ZeglTa<br />
dacvisa da sportis ministries mier 3 wlis vadiT daniSnuli direqtori.<br />
centrs aqvs Semdegi departamentebi: administraciuli, filmebis<br />
warmoebis, sainformacio da arqivi. TiToeul departaments hyavs Tavisi<br />
xelmZRvaneli.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri erTaderTi saxelmwifo<br />
uwyebaa, romelic exmareba filmebis industrias. sakanonmdeblo<br />
debulebis mixedviT, centri uflebamosilia daexmaros adgilobriv<br />
mwarmoeblebs filmebis warmoebis yvela aspeqtSi. Tumca, saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centrs SezRuduli biujeti aqvs da<br />
Sesabamisad, misi saqmianobac SezRudulia.<br />
xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom 2006 wlis Semdeg saqarTvelos<br />
15
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris dafinanseba 50%-ze metiT gaizarda,<br />
magram miuxedavad amisa, misi mTliani dafinanseba mainc ar aris sakmarisi.<br />
cxrilSi mocemulia saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris<br />
departamentebis dafinansebis biujeti.<br />
cxrili 2: <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris biujeti da specifikuri<br />
sferoebisTvis gamoyofili Tanxebi<br />
biujeti 2006 2007 2008 2009<br />
221,000 244,660 320,000 424,600<br />
Aadministraciu<br />
li<br />
departamenti<br />
filmis warmoebis<br />
deAdministrativ<br />
departamenti<br />
910,000 910,000 1,190,000 1,372,000<br />
e filmis Department eqsportis<br />
departamenti<br />
sainformacio departamenti<br />
39,000<br />
104,000<br />
40,040<br />
55,380<br />
50,000<br />
90,000<br />
70,000<br />
90,000<br />
Aarqivis departamenti 26,000 49,920 50,000 43,400<br />
sul 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,700,000 2,000,000<br />
ganakveTi: 1 evro 2.23 2.29 2.19 2.18<br />
sul: evro 583,046 568,622 776,901 916,338<br />
wyaro: saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri, 2009 weli<br />
am cifrebis saerTaSoriso konteqstSi gadayvanis mizniT, gamoiyeneT<br />
Sedarebis formula nawilSi 4.4.1. aq naTladaa naCvenebi, rom evropis sxva<br />
qveynebTan SedarebiT saqarTveloSi sakmaod mcire saxelmwifo<br />
dafinansebaa, rac xels uSlis stabiluri da dinamiuri <strong>industriis</strong><br />
Seqmnas.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris mier adgilobrivi<br />
firmebis dafinanseba xdeba tenderis meSveobiT. centri konkursis Sedegad<br />
iRebs gadawyvetilebas.<br />
2008 wels saqarTveloSi 7 mxatvruli filmi gadaiRes, 4 maTgani<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris daxmarebiT. 2009 wels 6-<br />
7 mxatvruli filmi gamova, 3 maTgans saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
erovnuli centri afinansebs.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma Camoayaliba eqspertebis<br />
komisia proeqtebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebis miRebis mizniT. swored es<br />
komisia wyvets, romeli proeqti unda dafinansdes. Kkonkursis Tematikis<br />
cvlilebasTan erTad komisiis eqspertTa Semadgenlobac icvleba.<br />
TiToeul konkurss daaxloebiT 5 wevriani sxvadasxva komisia atarebs.<br />
komisia arCevs warmatebul proeqts.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri ZiriTadad Semdegi<br />
kategoriebis finansur daxmarebas iTxovs:<br />
■ scenaris Seqmnis procesis xelSewyoba<br />
■ proeqtis ganxorcielebis xelSewyoba<br />
■ erovnuli filmis warmoebis xelSewyoba<br />
16
■ erovnuli filmis distribuciis xelSewyoba<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
dafinansebasTan dakavSirebiT Semdegi samarTlebrivi piroba arsebobs:<br />
saxelmwifo subsidia ar unda aRematebodes filmis warmoebis mTliani<br />
biujetis 75%-s da erovnuli filmebis distribuciis mTliani xarjebis<br />
50%-s. dafinansebis misaRebad prodiuserma unda warmoadginos dokumenti,<br />
rom is uzrunvelyofs Rirebulebis 25%-is dafaravs (roca saubaria<br />
mxatvruli filmis warmoebaze).<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri uflebamosilia mxolod<br />
erovnuli filmebis dafinansebaze. Ffilmi miiCneva erovnulad, Tu<br />
■ gadaRebulia qarTul enaze;<br />
■ filmis avtorebi saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi arian;<br />
filmis mwarmoebeli jgufis (damdgmeli reJisorebi, operatorebi,<br />
xmis operatorebi, damdgmeli operatorebi, mxatvrebi, kostiumebis<br />
avtorebi, redaqtorebi, mTavari rolis Semsruleblebi) 30%-ze<br />
naklebi sxva qveynis moqalaqeebi arian;<br />
filmis warmoebis, gaqiravebisa Tu Cvenebis samuSaoTa minimum 50%<br />
saqarTveloSi daregistrirebuli organizaciis mier sruldeba (muxli<br />
me-5: Kkanoni saxelmwifos mier erovnuli <strong>kinematografiis</strong> mimarT<br />
mxardaWeris Sesaxeb)<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom adgilobrivi konsultaciebis Tanaxmad, adgilobrivi<br />
prodiuserebs dadebiTi damokidebuleba aqvT <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli<br />
centris mimarT.<br />
isini miiCneven, rom centri namdvilad exmareba maT miuxedavad imisam rom<br />
centris finansebi sakmarisi ar aris. Ffilmebis mwarmoeblebi acxadeben,<br />
rom <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnul centrs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
seqtoris lobirebaSi iseve, rogorc adgilobrivi produqciis<br />
sazRvargareT popularizaciis saqmeSi. Tumca, sasurveli miznis<br />
misaRwevad meti dafinansebaa saWiro.<br />
3.4 <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> ganviTarebis Semaferxebeli<br />
faqtorebi<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centrma daadgina <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
seqtoris ganviTarebis Semaferxebeli faqtorebi. aRniSnuli faqtorebi<br />
mocemulia nawilSi 3.5.<br />
■ kvalificiuri kadrebis nakleboba<br />
mTavar dabrkolebas warmoadgens SemoqmedebiTi prodiuserebis nakleboba,<br />
romelTac SemoqmedebiT xedvasTan erTad warmoebis unaric gaaCniaT.<br />
sabWoTa periodSi filmebs saxelmwifo afinasebda da ar iyo saWiro<br />
17
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
zedmeti Zalisxmeva finansebis mosazidad. amJamad seriozuli deficitia<br />
samewarmeo SesaZleblobebis mqone prodiuserebisa, romlebsac SeuZliaT<br />
dafinansebis wyaros moZieba, molaparakebebis warmarTva da kargad esmiT<br />
inteleqtualuri sakiTrebis arsi.<br />
meore mxriv, teqnikur personalze cvalebadi moTxovnis gamo zogierT<br />
unar-Cvevas saTanado yuradReba aRar eqceva (ganaTeba, warmoebis bolo<br />
faza) da zogadi donec dabalia (xmis Cawera, warmoebis bolo faza, a.S.).<br />
infrastruqtura<br />
Aadgilobrivi infrastruqtura moZvelebulia. is adgilobrivi kompaniebic<br />
ki, romlebmac kapitali daabndes Tanamedrove teqnikaSi (magaliTad,<br />
“<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmi, “damoukidebel kinematografistTa asociacia”) ver<br />
uzrunvelyofen maRali donis teqnikur personals.<br />
Zogadad, saqarTvelos regionebis infrastruqtura (sastumroebi, gzebi,<br />
a.S.) araa saTanadod ganviTarebuli. Aamitom sakmaod rTulia filmebis<br />
gadaReba dedaqalaqis sazRvrebs miRma.<br />
distribucia<br />
saqarTveloSi 23 kinoTeatria, magram, regularulad mxolod 10 maTgani<br />
funqcionirebs. Aadgilobrivi kinoTeatrebis qseli erT kerZo kompanias<br />
ekuTvnis, romelic Tavis pirobebs karnaxobs adgilobriv prodiuserebs.<br />
kinoTeatrebis salaroebis monacemebi ar aris xelmisawvdomi.<br />
Semosavlis sxva wyaroebi, rogoricaa dividi formati da internet<br />
naklebad gamoiyeneba, radgan saqarTveloSi mravladaa aralegaluri<br />
warmoebis magaliTebi. konsultaciebi da arsebuli monacemebi cxadhyofs,<br />
rom moTxovna ufro didia aralegalur dividi filmebsa Tu internetiT<br />
CamotvirTvaze, vidre kinoTeatrebze.<br />
ucxouri filmebis dublireba xSirad Zalian dabali xarisxisaa.<br />
xalxis garkveuli nawilisTvis kinoTeatrSi wasvla garTobis Zviri<br />
saSualebaa.<br />
saqmiani urTierTobebis damyareba da TanamSromloba<br />
Mmauwyeblebi ar afinanseben adgilobriv filmebs.<br />
ar arsebobs oficialuri Tanawarmoebis praqtika miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
saqarTvelo filmebis erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis<br />
wevria. Tumca, <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma axlaxans miiRo<br />
komepenturi uwyebis statusi da axla gegmavs konvenciis mier<br />
gansazRvruli SesaZleblobebis Seswavlas. angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom<br />
rac SeiZleba male unda moxdes adekvaturi strategiuli normebis<br />
SemuSaveba <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> <strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis mizniT.<br />
saqarTveloSi filmebis <strong>industriis</strong> aRmavlobis procesi 2 wlis win<br />
daiwyo da axlac grZeldeba. Bjer kidev bevri saqmea gasakeTebeli da<br />
garkveuli dro dasWirdeba imas, rom saboloo jamSi <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
18
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
kinematografia ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT qmediTunariani seqtori<br />
gaxdes. Ggvjera, rom Tu aRniSnul kvlevaSi mocemuli rekomendaciebi<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba, transformaciis procesi ufro Rrma da<br />
xangrZlivi gaxdeba.<br />
rasakvirvelia, finansuri stimuli Zalian mniSvnelovania. Tu<br />
saqarTveloSi SemoiReben Sesabamis sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs,<br />
fundamenturad Seicvleba prodiuserTa saqmianoba (gamWvirvale biujetis<br />
uzrunvelyofa, detaluri angariS-faqturebi. a.S.), ris Sedegadac<br />
Seiqmneba ufro maRali donis sawarmoo da profesiuli kultura.<br />
K<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnul centrs SeuZlia wvlili Seitanos am procesSi<br />
da gataros cvlilebebi warmoebis serTificirebis TvalsazrisiT, iseve<br />
rogorc daadginos kriteriumebi erovnuli filmebis dafinansebisTvis.<br />
Cveni rekomendaciebic daexmareba filmebis industrias, romelic SeZlebs<br />
mniSvnelovani Semosavlis miRebas saxelmwifosgan sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTebis, gaTamaSebebis dafinansebis, sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblebis<br />
pirdapiri dabegvris saxiT.<br />
es sakmaod mniSvnelovani nabijebia. Tumca, Tu saqarTvelos mTavrobis<br />
survilia, rom qveyanaSi filmebis warmoeba maRal doneze iyos, isic unda<br />
aRiniSnos, rom mxolod sagadasaxado SeRavaTebiT saqmes ar eSveleba.<br />
saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces teqnikuri da komerciuli unarCvevebis<br />
ganviTarebas, iseve rogorc intastruqturisa da politikuri<br />
stabilurobis mniSvnelobas, rac did gavlenas axdens ucxoeli<br />
prodiuserebis gadawyvetilebaze iTanamSromlon Tu ara saqarTvelosTan.<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTi ufro farTo speqtris moTxovnebis mxolod<br />
erTerTi Semadgeneli nawilia.<br />
es mniSvnelovani aRiarebaa ara marto imitom, rom arsebobs tendencia,<br />
rom ucxoelma prodiuserebma sasurvel teritoriaze gadaiRon filmi.<br />
magaliTad, 1990-ian wlebSi amerikeli da bevri sxva damoukidebeli<br />
prodiuseris samiznes praRa warmoadgenda. dResdReobiT, aseTi suraTia<br />
ungreTSi, bulgareTSi da yofili iugoslaviis teritoriazec ki,<br />
serbeTSi. es qveynebi erTmaneTs konkurencias uweven.<br />
amitom, saqarTvelom ara marto sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi unda daawesos,<br />
aramde maRali profesiuli donis momsaxureba unda uzrunvelyos iseT<br />
sferoebSi, rogoricaa sastumro, komunikaciebi, studiis infrastruqtura,<br />
ucxouri enis codna, maqsimalurad mcire biurokratia da gadamRebi<br />
jgufis usafrTxoeba. Aam faqtorebis gaTvaliswineba prioritetulia,<br />
raTa saqarTvelom SeZlos Rirseuli konkurencia gauwios ungreTsa Tu<br />
sxva romelime qveyanas. saxelmwifo <strong>politika</strong>, yuradReba unda<br />
gaamaxvilos profesiul momzadebaze, ganaTlebaze da sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTebze. garda amisa, arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs adgilobrivi<br />
distribuciis xelSewyobas da qarTvel kinematografistTa Soris<br />
komerciuli da ambiciuri miznebis gaRvivebas.<br />
progresuli midgomis Camoyalibeba <strong>qarTuli</strong> produqciis distribuciis<br />
mimarT aseve mniSvnelovania. aucilebelia, rom adgilobriv distribucias,<br />
rogorc absolutur prioritets maqimalurad Seuwyon xeli, radgan<br />
mxolod saerTaSoriso distribuciiT <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmis industria ver<br />
gaxdeba qmediTuariani ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT.<br />
19
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
ufro metic, arcerTi ucxoeli partniori ar dainteresdeba iseTi qveynis<br />
filmiT, romlis Sesaxeb salaros monacemebi xelmiswavdomi ar aris.<br />
amitom, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos masStabiT<br />
adgilobrivi distribuciis gaZlierebas da salaros monacemebis<br />
mopovebas. Aamave dros, Cveni rekomendaciaa, rom tradiciuli<br />
saditribucio modelebis garda gamoiyenoT cifruli distribuciis<br />
meTodi, radgan es ufro martivi saSualebaa imisaTvis, rom adgilobrivma<br />
warmoebam saerTaSoriso bazarze SeaRwios.<br />
arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs agreTve strategiul da organizaciul<br />
ganviTarebas. Aadgilobrivi konsultaciebis mignebebisa da saerTaSoriso<br />
analizis mixedviT aucileblad unda arsebobdes organizacia, romelic<br />
pasuxismgebeli iqneba <strong>kinematografiis</strong> seqtoris strategiuli<br />
ganviTarebis kontrolze. logikuria, rom es funqcia swored<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma Seasrulos. centrma ukve gamoavlina<br />
Tavisi SesaZleblobebi seqtorSi pozitiuri cvlilebebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri unda<br />
gaZlierdes, rogorc wamyvani saxelmwifo organizacia. centrma unda<br />
gaanalizos angariSSi warmodgenili situacia da umokles droSi<br />
dasaxos prioritetebi.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris SesaZleblobebis<br />
gaZliereba kvlevebis Catarebis SesaZleblobis CaTvliT mniSvnelovani<br />
iqneba seqtoris warmatebuli ganviTarebisTvis. seqtoris ganviTarebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebis miReba unda moxdes kvlevis<br />
grZelvadiani programis safuZvelze, raTa SemuSavdes monacemTa baza.<br />
garda amisa gadawyvetilebebi unda daefuZnos droul informacias.<br />
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, angariSSi warmodgenili<br />
rekomendaciebi morig kvlevas saWiroebs da am rekomendaciebis<br />
Sesrulebis testireba adgilobriv doneze unda moxdes. angariSSi<br />
mocemuli magaliTebi ucxoeTis gamocdilebidan saTanadod unda iqnas<br />
Seswavlili da mxolod rekomendaciisTvis iqnas gamoyenebuli. imis<br />
gadasawyvetad, Tu romeli praqtikaa umjobesi saqarTvelosTvis, unda<br />
Catardes kvleva misi realurad ganxorcielebis perspeqtivis Sesaxeb<br />
specifikur intervenciebTan mimarTebaSi, rogoricaa sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTebi, gaTamaSebis dafinanseba, a.S.<br />
ra Tqma unda, sakiTxebis mogvarebis meTodi pirdapir ar unda<br />
gadmoviRoT ucxoeTidan. saukeTeso varianti konsultaciebis Sedegad<br />
unda SemuSavdes. Tumca, saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma<br />
am etapze miRebuli strategiuli rekomendaciebi Semdgom fazaSi unda<br />
gadaiyvanos da mTavrobasTan konsultacia gamarTos. vimedovnebT, rom<br />
Cveni rekomendaciebi kidev ufro daaCqarebs saqarTveloSi filmis<br />
<strong>industriis</strong> aRmavlobis process da xels Seuwyobs qarTveli<br />
kinematografistebis mxardaWeris gaZlierebas.<br />
danarTi I aRwers detalebs evropuli konvenciidan filmebis erToblivi<br />
warmoebis Sesaxeb .<br />
saqarTvelo ar aris EURIMAGES-is wevri. es aris evrosabWos fondi,<br />
20
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
romelic kurirebs filmebis erTobliv warmoebas, distribucias da<br />
Cvenebas evropis kinematografiaSi.<br />
■sagadasaxado sistema<br />
rTuli sagadasaxado sistemis da naRdi fulis aucileblobis gamo<br />
adgilobrivi prodiuserebi cdiloben damalon TavianTi firmebis<br />
realuri xarjebi. aseT dros, sakmaod xSir SemTxvevaSi filmis realuri<br />
biujeti da oficialurad aRricxuli maCveneblebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva.<br />
3.5 adgilobrivi konsultaciebis mignebebi<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis <strong>industriis</strong> mimoxilvis farglebSi saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma daavala adgilobriv sakonsultacio<br />
kompanias, rom Seeswavla seqtoris mniSvnelovani warmomadgenlebis<br />
Sexedulebebi. marketingis, kvlevisa da konsultaciebis kompania “eisiTim”<br />
Caatara es konsultaciebi. Mmignebebisa da konsultaciebis sruli versia<br />
xelmisawvdomia saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnul centrSi.<br />
gTavazobT ZiriTadi mignebebis mokle mimoxilvas:<br />
warmoeba<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> seqtori ganviTarebis sawyis etapzea. Bbolo<br />
5-6 wlis ganmavlobaSi gaizarda filmis mwarmoebeli kompaniebis<br />
raodenoba. Tumca, jerjerobiT arcerTs ara aqvs SemuSavebuli<br />
saqmianobis wliuri gegma. Ees imas niSnavs, rom warmoebis moculoba ar<br />
aris sistematuri (1-2 gamonaklisis garda). yovelive es ZiriTadad<br />
finansebis naklebobas ukavSirdeba<br />
filmebis warmoebis erTaderTi xelmisawvdomi daxmareba saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris mier gamoyofili finansebia. centri<br />
yovelTvis faravs filmis biujetis garkveul nawils. mTavari sakiTxi<br />
isaa, rom qarTvel mwarmoeblebs dafinansebis alternativa ara aqvT.<br />
mauwyeblebi Tavs ar iwuxeben filmebis dafinansebiT. isini ZiriTadad<br />
satelevizio serialebiT Semoifarglebian. kerZo seqtori ar aRioqvams<br />
kino industrias, rogorc sarfian bizness kapitaldabandebisTvis. Aar<br />
arsebobs raime fiskaluri iniciativa, rac stimuls miscemda kerZoO<br />
investiciebis Cadebas kinematografiaSi.<br />
profesionali kadrebi<br />
adgilobrovi prodiuserebi amboben, rom seqtorSi profesionali kadrebis<br />
deficitia. Aararegularuli warmoebisa da moTxovnis simciris gamo<br />
zogierTi sferos specialisti saerTod ar arsebobs, an misi done Zalian<br />
dabalia. magaliTad problemebia iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa vizaJisti,<br />
eleqtro-inJinerim kostiumebis mxatvari, a.S.<br />
infrastruqtura<br />
infrastruqtura moZvelebulia. TiTqmis ar arsebobs pavilionebi da<br />
21
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
warmoebis bolo etapisTvis saWiro saSualebebi. TiTqmis yvela<br />
respodentma aRniSna, rom saqarTveloSi <strong>kinematografiis</strong> umTavresi<br />
problema warmoebis bolo fazas ukavSirdeba. qveyanaSi ar aris saTanado<br />
pirobebi am procesisTvis, rom saboloo produqti gamovides.<br />
Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom ganaxlebulma kompania “qarTulma filmma” 2.8<br />
milioni evros Rirebulebis aparatura SeiZina warmoebis bolo<br />
fazisTvis. Mmiuxedavd amisa, adgilobrivi prodiuserebi ar mimarTaven am<br />
momsaxurebas, radgan personals araprofesionalebad aRiqvamen da<br />
eSiniaT, rom filmi saerTod ar gafuWdes. es kidev erTi sferoa, sadac<br />
profezionalizmi aqtiurad dgas dRis wesrigSi.<br />
kidev erTi xelisSemSleli faqtoria is, rom saqarTveloSi ar aris<br />
xelmisawvdomi specialuri sadazRvevo paketi filmis warmoebisTvis,<br />
zogadad, adgilobrivi infrastruqtura ar aris mzad imisaTvis, rom<br />
warmoeba gaizardos. magaliTad, rTulia dedaqalaqis sazRvrebs miRma<br />
gadaRebebis uzrunvelyofa saTanado infrastruqturis-sastumroebis,<br />
gzebis uqonlobis gamo.<br />
sagadasaxado sistema/ fiskaluri iniciativebi<br />
fiskalur iniciativebTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva mosazrebebi arsebobs.<br />
TiTqmis yvela profesionali acxadebs, rom amJamindel sagadasaxado<br />
wesebs daxvewa da filmis warmoebis specifikur procesebze orientireba<br />
sWirdeba. ar arsebobs raime saerTo praqtika gadasaxadebis dawesebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
azrTa sxvadasxvaoba dafiqsirda sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis SemoRebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiTac. respodentTa nawili aRniSnavs, rom filmebis warmoebis<br />
industriaSi garkveuli sagadasaxado SeRavaTi stimuls miscems kerZo<br />
investiciebis ganxorcielebas. sxvebi fiqroben, rom es iqneba fulis<br />
gaTeTrebis kidev erTi saSualeba.<br />
Tumca, azrTa sxvadasxvaobis miuxedavad, yvela adgilobrivi prodiuseri<br />
miiCnevs, rom garkveuli stimuli saWiroa, rac momgebians gaxdis<br />
filmebis dafinansebas kerZo seqtorisTvis. respodentebma sxvadasxva<br />
varianti ganixiles: adgilobrivma kinoTeatrebma wliuri Semosavlis<br />
garkveuli nawili gadauricxon <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnul centrs; sxva<br />
ufro momgebianma seqtorebma Semosavlis nawili gamoyon filmebis<br />
<strong>industriis</strong>Tvis, a.S. aRsaniSnavia, rom nebismieri finansuri iniciativa<br />
saWiroebs saTanado ganxilvas adgilobrivi profesionalebis mxridan,<br />
raTa Sefasdes misi ganxorcielebis perspeqtiva.<br />
distribucia / Cveneba<br />
kinoTeatriDfilmebis distribuciis ZiriTadi qselia saqarTveloSi.<br />
dgilobrivi mauwyeblebisTvis filmebis licenzirebis magaliTebi Zalian<br />
cotaa. Aadgilobrivi prodiuserebi miiCneven, rom televiziebis mier<br />
SemoTavazebuli Tanxebi Zalian mcirea (saSualod 200-300 aSS dolari<br />
TiTo Cvenebaze).<br />
dividis bazris 90% aralegaluria. Nnebismier adamians SeuZlia TiTqmis<br />
22
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
yvela filmis ufasod naxva internetSi. Aadgilobriovi filmebi Zalian<br />
iSviaTad gamodis dividi diskebiT, radgan mwarmoeblebis azriT, es ar<br />
aris Semosavlis momgebiani wyaro.<br />
am mignebebis mixedviT, Semosavlis erTaderTi wyaro kinoeTeatria. Tumca<br />
aqac garkveuli problemebia, saqarTveloSi mxolod erTi didi qselia,<br />
romelSic 3 kinoTeatria gaerTianebuli dedaqalaqSi da 4 kinoTeatri<br />
regionebSi. Aamgvarad, filmebis Cvenebis seqtorSi aSkara monopoliaa,<br />
rac imis maniSnebelia, rom kinoTeatri Tavis pirobebs uyenebs filmebis<br />
mwarmoeblebs.<br />
kinoTeatrebi aRniSnaven, rom am bolo dros mniSvnelovnzd gaizarda<br />
moTxovna adgilobriv filmebze da maT aqvT survili, rom aCvenon<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebi. magram Cvenebis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis gamo<br />
filmma SeiZleba mainc ver miaRwios warmatebas.<br />
socialuri/kulturuli Rirebuleba<br />
aRniSnuli problemebis miuxedavad, mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom<br />
adgilobrivi prodiuserebi mudmivad usvamen xazs socialur da<br />
kulturul Rirebulebebs, rac qarTul films ukavSirdeba. am<br />
TvalsazrisiT, kinoeTeatri komunikaciis saSualebaa. filmi asrulebs<br />
qveynis elCis funqcias saerTaSoriso asparezze. respodentebi<br />
darwmunebulni arian, rom <strong>qarTuli</strong> kino<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis<br />
xelSewyoba ufro gaadvildeba droTa ganmavlobaSi, radgan saqarTvelos<br />
mdidari istoriuli warsuli aqvs, rac saintereso da mimzidvelia<br />
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebisTvis. Tumca, jerjerobiT, am samizne<br />
auditoriis misaRwevad saWiro specifiuri saSualebebi ar ganixileba.<br />
respodentebi imedovneben, rom saxelmwifo CaerTveba am procesSi.<br />
3.6 Ffinansuri analizi<br />
saqarTvelos sagadasaxado sistema mniSvnelovand gamartivda bolo 4<br />
wlis ganmavlobaSi da amJamad is erTerTi saukeTesoa biznesis<br />
sawarmoeblad regionSi.<br />
cxrili #3 aRwers gadasaxadebis ZiriTad saxeebs da amJamindel da<br />
samomavlo monacemebs.<br />
cxrili 3: sagadasaxado tipoligia<br />
saqarTveloSi<br />
gadasaxadebi 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013<br />
saSemosavlo 25% 20% 20% 18% 18% 15%<br />
gadasaxadi<br />
Mmogebis<br />
15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%<br />
gadasaxadi<br />
sadividendo 10% 5% 5% 3% 0% 0%<br />
Semosavlis<br />
saprocento 10%<br />
gadasaxadi<br />
Semosavlis<br />
dRg 18%<br />
gadasaxadi<br />
qonebis gadasaxadi 1%<br />
7.50%<br />
18%<br />
1%<br />
5%<br />
TBD<br />
TBD<br />
0%<br />
TBD<br />
|TBD<br />
0%<br />
TBD<br />
TBD<br />
0%<br />
TBD<br />
TBD<br />
cxrili 1: finansTa saministro www.mof.gov.ge<br />
23
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> finansuri mxardaWera ganisazRvreba<br />
saqarTvelos kanoniT erovnuli <strong>kinematografiis</strong> mimarT saxelmwifos<br />
mxardaWeris Sesaxeb. am kanonSi gansazRvrulia daxmarebis gegma<br />
saxelmwifo biujetidan pirdapiri dafinansebisa da sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTebis saxiT arapirdapiri dafinansebis Sesaxeb. Tumca, es<br />
ukanaskneli realurad arasdros ganxorcielebula da filmis<br />
mwarmoeblebs arasdros usargebliaT sagadasaxado SeRavaTebiT.<br />
amJamad filmebis warmoebiT dakavebuli kompaniebi imave odenobis<br />
gadasaxads ixdian, rasac sxva biznesis warmomadgenlebi. es imas niSnavs,<br />
rom saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs raime saxis<br />
SeRavaTs kino<strong>industriis</strong>Tvis. angariSis saerTaSoriso analizis meoTxe<br />
nawilis Tanaxmad, es ucnauri praqtikaa. axlandeli sagadasaxado<br />
modeli aseve ar iTvaliswinebs filmebis warmoebis specifikur<br />
maxasiaTeblebs da bevri gaurkvevlobaa sagadasaxado uwyisebTan<br />
mimarTebaSic.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris davalebiT,<br />
adgilobrivma sagadasaxado eqspertebma daadgines, rom kinoindustriaSi<br />
Semdegi mTavari problemebi gamoikveTa:<br />
damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadi<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> Sesaxeb normatiuli dokumentebi Seicavs iseT<br />
cnebas, rogoricaa “direqtori,” “filmis mwarmoebeli,” “filmis<br />
distributor,” a.S. am terminebze dayrdnobiT rTulia gansazRvro, romels<br />
Seesabameba “damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadi.” Ees gadasaxadi<br />
dakavSirebulia warmoebis/momsaxurebis mflobelobis gadacemas erTi<br />
mflobelisgan meore mflobelze. kinoindustriaSi sakmaod rTulia<br />
daamtkico, rom filmis mflobeloba qonebas niSnavs.<br />
sagadasaxado kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs privilegiebs erovnuli filmebis<br />
warmoebisTvis, rogorc es gaTvaliswinebulia samedicino da ganaTlebis<br />
seqtorebSi (saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi, 230-e muxli)<br />
mogebis da saSemosavlo gadasaxadi ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebisTvis<br />
sagadasaxado da sxva saxis kanonmdebloba zust pasuxs ver scems<br />
gadasaxadze daqvemdebarebuli mogebis Sesaxeb kiTxvebs. rTulia<br />
kinoindustriaSi Semosavlisa da gamoqviTvas daqvemdebarebuli xarjebis<br />
gansazRvra.<br />
saxelmwifo biujetidan miRebuli dafinansebis (subsidiebis) dabegvrac<br />
rTuli sakiTxia. amJamad, aseTi subsidiebi mogebasTan erTad iTvleba da<br />
ibegreba, rac aSkarad amcirebs kino<strong>industriis</strong> mimarT saxelmwifo<br />
daxmarebis moculobas.<br />
qonebis gadasaxadi<br />
sagadasaxado kodeqsSi naTlad ar aris gansazRvruli, Tu ra<br />
saxis produqtia filmi, SeiZleba Tu ara misi, rogorc<br />
24
materialuri aqtivis aRqma da ekisreba Tu ara mas qonebis<br />
gadasaxadi.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
sagadasaxado sistemaSi kidev erTi problematuri sakiTxia- xarjebis<br />
aRiareba. Kkino<strong>industriis</strong> Taviseburebidan gamomdinare aucilebelia, rom<br />
sagadasaxdo kodeqsi ufro iolad gasagebi da Sesaferisi iyos<br />
seqtorisTvis.<br />
adgilobrivi eqspertebis mignebebma cxadhyo, rom saTanado axsnas didi<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs sagadasaxado kodeqsis gamoyenebaSi. savaraudod, ufro<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom kanonmdebloba gasagebad iyos formulirebuli da<br />
amis Semdeg moxdes finansuri iniciativebis wardgena.<br />
3.7 SWOT analizi (Zlieri mxareebi, susti mxareebi,<br />
SesaZleblobebi da safrTxeebi)<br />
Zlieri mxareebi<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> kino<strong>industriis</strong> erTerTi mTavari Zlieri mxare aris misi<br />
mdidari memkvidreoba. seqtorSi arsebuli problemebis miuxedavad,<br />
masSi igrZnoba <strong>qarTuli</strong> niWi. Aamitom arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
qarTul filmze da mis ganviTarebaze zrunvas.<br />
saqarTvelos bunebrivi simdidre da zomieri klimati sakmaod<br />
mniSvnelovani faqtorebia imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelo regionSi<br />
yvelaze saukeTeso qveynad iqces filmebis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
administraciuli wesebi saqarTveloSi martivia. Aar aris<br />
gadaadgilebis problema. ar aris aucilebeli raime gansakuTrebuli<br />
uflebis miReba filmis gadasaRebad. qarTvel xalxs dadebiTi<br />
damokidebuleba aqvs kino<strong>industriis</strong> mimarT da yovelTvis mzad<br />
arian daexmaron gadamReb jgufs.<br />
susti mxareebi<br />
ZiriTadi susti mxareebi profesionalur kadrebs ukavSirdeba. es sakiTxi<br />
yvela konsultaciaSi dominirebs. gadamRebi jgufis profesionalizmi ki<br />
Zalian mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelom wamyvani pozicia<br />
daikavos regionSi kino<strong>industriis</strong> TvalsazrisiT. saWiroa<br />
gansakuTrebuli Zalisxmeva, raTa gaumjobesdes profesionalizmis done.<br />
aucilebelia infrastruqturis ganviTareba. saWiroa saTanado<br />
raodenobis sastumroebi, kargi gzebi, sakomunikacio saSualebebi, a.S.<br />
verc adgilobrivi da verc ucxoeli prodiuseri ver gadaiRebs films<br />
qveyanaSi, sadac Sesaferisi infrastruqtura ar aris. erTerTi mTavari<br />
mizezi isaa, rom bevri dro da fuli ixarjeba samuSao procesis<br />
problemebis mogvarebaze.<br />
ganuviTarebeli sadistribucio qseli kidev erTi naklovanebaa qarTul<br />
kinoindustriaSi.konsultaciebidan naTlad Cans, rom erTi kerZo kompania<br />
akontrolebs sadistribucio qsels da Sesabamisad, konkurencia ar<br />
25
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
arsebobs.ufro metic, kinoTeatrebis raodenoba mcirea. Semosavlis<br />
miRebis Sansi adgilobriv doneze TiTqmis ar arsebobs.<br />
filmis mwarmoeblebisTvis xelmisawvdomi saxelmwifo Tanxebi<br />
minimaluria. <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri erTaderTi uwyebaa,<br />
romelic exmareba prodiuserebs. Ddafinansebis alternatiuli wyaroebi<br />
Sesaswavlia.<br />
yvela zemoaRniSnuli naklovanebebis fonze qarTul films ara aqvs<br />
saTanado popularizacia da aRiareba saerTaSoriso doneze. Aam bolo<br />
dros <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma daiwyo <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis<br />
Cveneba evropul festivalebze, magram mainc Zalian naadrevia am faqtis<br />
gavlenis Sefaseba. Semdegi faqtorebi ufro Rrma Seswavlas moiTxovs:<br />
SeTanxmebebi erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb, Eurimages-Si gawevrianeba, a.S.<br />
arsebuli sagadasaxado sistema ar uzrunvelyofs xelsayrel<br />
pirobebs prodiuserebisTvis.<br />
SesaZleblobebi<br />
saqarTveloSi filmebis axladaRmocenebuli bazaria. <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmis<br />
niWi jer ar aris cnobili sazRvargareT da Sesabamisi xelSewyobis<br />
meSveobiT SesaZlebelia saerTaSoriso aRiarebis mopoveba. Aam<br />
TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos SeuZlia originaluri Sinaarsis filmebis<br />
SeTavazeba saerTaSoriso bazrisTvis.<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> gaZliereba da adekvaturi popularizacia iseT dadebiT<br />
Sedegebsac gamoiRebs, rogoricaa turistebis raodenobis gazrda da<br />
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis informireba.<br />
Kkino<strong>industriis</strong> saTanado funqcionireba wvlils Seitans qveynis<br />
ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi, gaizrdeba moTxovna da dasaqmeba, iseve rogorc<br />
warmoeba.<br />
is faqti, rom amJamad saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso yuradRebis centrSia<br />
politikuri TvalsazrisiT, ruseTTan konfliqtis Sedegia. es ki<br />
qarTveli prodiuserebisTvis erTgvari saSualebaa gamoiyenon es<br />
situacia.<br />
seqtori ufro da ufro Tanmimdevruli da harmoniuli xdeba. Uufro meti<br />
kompania TanamSromlobs erTmaneTTan.<br />
safrTxeebi<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis procesSi yvelaze mTavari safrTxe<br />
geopolitikur aspeqtebs ukavSirdeba.<br />
samxreT kavkasiis regionSi sami qveyanaa- saqarTvelo, Aazerbaijani da<br />
somxeTi. es qveynebi ruseTis mezoblebi arian. somxeTs da azerbaijans<br />
ara aqvs politikuri da diplomatiuri urTierTobebi mTian yarabaRTan<br />
dakavSirebuli konfliqtis gamo. regionalur doneze TanamSromloba<br />
mxolod arasamTavrobo organizaciebis meSveobiTaa SesaZlebeli.<br />
mudmivad arsebobs imis safrTxe, rom axali konfliqti gaRvivdeba.<br />
26
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
somxeTi pro-rusuli saxelmwifoa da saqarTvelo-ruseTis agvistos<br />
konfliqtis Semdeg somxeTis, rogorc saqarTvelos potenciuri<br />
partnioris statusi kiTxvis niSnis qveS dadga.<br />
regionaluri problemebi dabrkolebebs uqmnis nebismieri seqtoris<br />
ganviTarebas, maT Soris kinoindustrias. Mmyari da stabiluri<br />
regionaluri urTierTobebis damyareba upiratesobas warmoadgens<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong>Tvis.<br />
2004 wlis Semdeg saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebi<br />
moxda da 2008 wlisTvis mTliani Sida produqtis moculoba saSualod<br />
10%-iT gaizarda. situaciis gaumjobeseba ganapiroba cvlilebebma qveynis<br />
ekonomikur da fiskalur <strong>politika</strong>Si, ramac, Tavis mxriv, gamoiwvia<br />
pirdapiri investiciebis gazrda. Tumca, 2008 wlis agvistos omma da<br />
msoflio finansurma krizisma seriozuli ziani miayena qveynis<br />
ekonomikur ganviTarebas. rasakvirvelia, yovelive es uaryofiTad aisaxeba<br />
adgilobriv kinematografiaze.<br />
adgilobrivi <strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis kidev erTi Semaferxebeli faqtori<br />
profesionalizmisa da niWierebis sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba. qveyanaSi<br />
profesionaluri kadrebis simciris da araregularuli moTxovnis gamo<br />
niWieri prodiuserebi saqarTvelodan midian. Mmravali magaliTi arsebobs.<br />
magaliTad arian qarTveli reJisorebi, romlebic germanul da frangul<br />
filmebs iReben (gela babluani, oTar ioseliani, dito cincaZe, a.S.).<br />
4 saerTaSoriso konteqsti<br />
angariSis am nawilis mizania <strong>kinematografiis</strong> saerTaSoriso<br />
politikis mimoxilva am sferos zedmiwevniT Seswavlisa da<br />
specifikuri saxelmwifo intervenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT. angariSiO<br />
moicavs kino<strong>industriis</strong> analizs 6 qveyanaSi. TiToeuli qveynis<br />
sruli analizi gvTavazobs ufro farTo konteqsts, Tu rogor<br />
miesadageba kino<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong> qveynis kulturul <strong>politika</strong>s<br />
da ekonomikur situacias. es informacia mocemulia danarTSi.<br />
saqarTvelos kinematografistTa erovnul centrTan konsultaciebis<br />
Sedegad SerCeul iqna swored es 6 komparatori qveyana. mocemuli<br />
Tavi miznad isaxavs <strong>qarTuli</strong> kino<strong>industriis</strong> politikis<br />
gaerTianebas saerTaSoriso konteqstSi, raTa Seiqmnas efeqturi<br />
monacemTa faza strategiuli rekomendaciebis SemuSavebisTvis.<br />
aRniSnuli rekomendaciebi angariSis momdevno nawilSia mocemuli.<br />
statistikuri monacemebis Seswavlisa da konsultaciebis procesSi<br />
aRmoCnda, rom ar arsebobs saTanado informacia, romlis saSualebiT<br />
SesaZlebeli iqneboda kino<strong>industriis</strong> politikis, specifikuri<br />
intervenciebis da zogadad seqtoris Sedareba komparator qveynebTan.<br />
aRniSnuli angariSis mizania am sakiTxis mogvareba iolad<br />
kontrolirebadi matricis meSveobiT, romelic Seajamebs 6 qveynis<br />
<strong>politika</strong>s da specifikur intervenciebs (sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi,<br />
SeTanxmebebi erTobliv warmoebaze, a.S.). nawilSi 4.4.1 es matricaa<br />
mocemuli.<br />
27
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> da saerTaSoriso praqtikis Sedarebisas aRmoCnda, rom<br />
saqarTveloSi filmis warmoebis nebismier etapze fiqsirdeba<br />
problemebi da ekonomikuri barierebi. am mizeziT, ar aris<br />
rekomendirebuli saerTaSoriso praqtikis kopireba qarTul<br />
sinamdvileSi.<br />
angariSSi xazgasmulia Tu romeli kino<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong>a ufro<br />
Sesaferisi <strong>qarTuli</strong> modelisTvis.<br />
4.1 kinematografia saerTaSoriso konteqstSi<br />
calkeuli qveynebisTvis kinematografia Zalian mniSvnelovani<br />
industriaa ekonomikis TvalsazrisiT, romelsac didi wvlili Seaqvs<br />
qveynis mTlian erovnul produqtSi, eqsporta da savaWro balansSi.<br />
garda amisa, kinoindustrias kidev erTi arapirdapiri ekonomikuri<br />
sargebeli aqvs kulturis, turizmis, vaWrobis da qveynis<br />
saerTaSoriso asparezze popularizaciis TvalsazrisiT. filmi<br />
gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs erovnuli kulturis TviTmyofadobis<br />
CamoyalibebaSi da mniSvnelovania kulturuli politikis<br />
SemuSavebaSi mTeli msoflios masStabiT.<br />
Tumca, bevri ganviTarebuli qveynis garda, sadac kinoindustria<br />
maRal donezea (ZiriTadad aSS), ganviTarebadi qveynebic cdiloben<br />
konkurentunarianebi iyvnen da amitom, mniSvnelovan saxelmwifo<br />
intervenciebs saWiroeben, rom ganaviTaron es seqtori. Aam<br />
TvalsazrisiT, saxelmwifo kinoindustrias sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTebiT da pirdapiri dafinansebiT exmareba, raTa seqtorma<br />
marcxi ar ganicados bazarze.<br />
am angariSisTvis Catarebuli kvleva gvTavazobs detalebs sxvadasxva<br />
intervenciebis Sesaxeb, romelTa mizania kino<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTareba.<br />
magram pirvel rigSi, angariSi afasebs globaluri kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
ekonomikis moculobas da seqtorSi axladaRmocenebul tendenciebs,<br />
rac Zalze mniSvnelovania yvela qveynisTvis.<br />
4.2 globaluri kino<strong>industriis</strong> ekonomikis mimoxilva<br />
msoflio <strong>kinematografiis</strong> bazarze didi, ganviTarebuli qveynebi<br />
kvlav dominirebs. aSS msoflio bazris lideria. 2007 wels aSS-s<br />
kinoindustriam msoflio warmoebis 41% Seadgina, meore pozicia<br />
iaponiam daikava 9.1%-iT. Semdeg modian qveynebi didi britaneTi,<br />
kanada, safrangeTi, germania, italia da avstralia.<br />
globalur kinoindustriaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebia, magram droa<br />
saWiro, raTa am cvlilebebis Sedegi naTeli gaxdes. aRsaniSnavia,<br />
rom induri bazari sakmaod moculobiTia. indoeTsa da CineTs didi<br />
mosaxleoba hyavs da es qveynebi swrafad mzardia ekonomikuri<br />
TvalsazrisiT. maTi kino<strong>industriis</strong> bazari ki mainc aSS dolarebSi<br />
iangariSeba da Camouvardeba avstraliis (mosaxleoba- 21 milioni)<br />
da italiis (mosaxleoba- 59 milioni) bazrebs.<br />
28
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
cxrili 4: Semosavali kinoindustriidan qveynebis/ regionebis mixedviT, aSS<br />
dolarebSi, 2007 wlis monacemebi<br />
Qqveyana/regioni Semosavali aSS<br />
milion dolarSi<br />
aSSA 35,517 41.3<br />
iaponia 7,839 9.1<br />
UKdidi britaneTi 6,447 7.5<br />
kanada 5,908 6.9<br />
dasavleT evropis sxva<br />
5,604 6.5<br />
safrangeTi qveynebi<br />
3,823 4.5<br />
Ggermania 3,220 3.7<br />
Aazia-wynari okeanis sxva<br />
laTinuri<br />
qveynebi<br />
amerika<br />
2,793<br />
2,303<br />
3.3<br />
2.7<br />
italia 2,107 2.5<br />
Aavstralia 2,110 2.5<br />
indoeTi 1,929 2.2<br />
samxreT korea 1,769 2.1<br />
centraluri da aRmosavleT<br />
1,782 2.1<br />
evropa espaneTi 1,689 2.0<br />
CineTi 641 0.7<br />
Aaxlo aRmosavleTi da<br />
423 0.5<br />
sul afrika<br />
85,904 100.0<br />
procentuli<br />
maCvenebeli<br />
wyaro: fraisuoTerhauskuperi, globaluri gasarTobi <strong>industriis</strong>a da mediis kvleva, 2008-<br />
2012,ivnisi 2008.<br />
4.2.1 axali tendenciebi msoflio <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industriaSi<br />
Pprognozis mixedviT, 2012 wlisTvis suraTi Seicvleba.<br />
“fraisuoTerhauskupersis” Tanaxmad, indoeTi mesame udidesi qveyana iqneba<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> TvalsazrisiT da is TiTqmis gautoldeba safrangeTs,<br />
xolo germanias, samxreT koreas, avstralias, italiasa da espaneTs ukan<br />
Camoitovebs. aSS darCeba msoflioSi udidesi kino<strong>industriis</strong> mqone<br />
qveynad. aRmosavleT da centralur evropaSic SeiniSneba progresi am<br />
GTvalsazrisiT.<br />
cxrili 5: Semosavali kinoindustriidan qveynebis/regionebis mixedviT, aSS<br />
dolarebSi, 2012 wlis prognozi<br />
Qqveyana/regioni Semosavali aSS milion dolarSi (2012) procentuli maCvenebeli<br />
(2012)<br />
aSSA 44,528 40.0<br />
iaponia 10,341 9.3<br />
UKdidi britaneTi 7,893 7.1<br />
= kanada 7,499 6.7<br />
dasavleT evropis sxva 6,578 5.9<br />
qveynebi safrangeTi 4,442 4.0<br />
indoeTi 4,278 3.8<br />
Ggermania 4,079 3.7<br />
Aazia-wynari okeanis 3,490 3.1<br />
sxva<br />
laTinuri<br />
qveynebi<br />
amerika 3,182 2.9<br />
centraluri da 3,113 2.8<br />
samxreT aRmosavleT korea 2,632 2.4<br />
29
avstrali 2,708 2.4<br />
italia 2,586 2.3<br />
espaneTi 1,746 1.6<br />
CineTi 1,531 1.4<br />
Aaxlo aRmosavleTi da 575 0.5<br />
afrika<br />
sul 111,199 100.0<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
wyaro: fraisuoTerhauskuperi, globaluri gasarTobi <strong>industriis</strong>a da mediis kvleva, 2008-<br />
2012,ivnisi 2008.<br />
“fraisuoTerhauskupersma” garkveuli prognozi gaakeTa msoflio<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> Sesaxeb:<br />
msoflio masStabiT, kino<strong>industriis</strong> xarjebi 5,3%-iT gaizrdeba, 2007<br />
wels em maCvenebeli 85,9 miliard dolars udrida, 2010 wlisTvis ki<br />
navaraudevia 111,2 miliardi dolari.<br />
globaluri masStabiT,kinoeTeatrebis salaroebSi bileTebis<br />
gayidvebi 6,1%-iT gaizrdeba da 2012 wlisTvis 36,9 miliard dolars<br />
Seadgens. amrigad, kinoTeatris procentuli maCvenebeli ukan<br />
Camoitovebs saxlis videos maCvenebels, rac 4,9%-iT gaizrdeba 74,3<br />
miliard dolaramde.<br />
kinoTeatrebis salaroebSi bileTebis gayidvebi kidev ufro gaizrdeba<br />
cifruli kinos meSveobiT.<br />
bazarze yvelaze swrafad mzardi komponenti iqneba cifruli da<br />
internetiT gamowerili produqti. 2012 wlisTvis am seqtoris 32,4%iani<br />
zrdaa navaraudevi, rac 10,8 miliard dolars Seadgens.<br />
es imas niSnavs, rom cifruli da internetiT gamowerili produqti<br />
saxlis videos danaxarjebis 52%-s moicavs momdevno 5 wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi. 14<br />
filmebis warmoeba saerTaSoriso masStabis gaxda. 2009 wlis oskari<br />
dajildovebaze aSkara iyo, rom warmatebul filmebs saerTaSoriso<br />
masStabiT afinanseben da filmis gadaRebis procesic sxvadasxva<br />
qveyanaSi mimdinareobs. magaliTad, britanuli filmi Slumdog<br />
Millionaire 2009 wlis oskarosani filmi gaxda. misi Tanadamfinansebeli<br />
iyo evrokavSiris kino<strong>industriis</strong> mxardaWeris programa “media” (sxva<br />
saerTaSoriso partniorebTan erTad). Aaxlaxans gaformebuli<br />
SeTanxmebis safuZvelze indoeTsa da did britaneTs Soris filmebis<br />
erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb, gadaRebebi mumbaiSi mimdinareobda.. 15<br />
jerjerobiT msoflio masStabiT am filmis kinoTeatrebSi Cvenebam<br />
159 226 072 milioni dolaris Semosavali moitana. 6 dokumenturi<br />
filmi Man on Wire, romelic aseve gaxda 2009 wlis oskarosani filmi<br />
gadaiRes safrangeTsa da amerikaSi. damfinansebeli didi britaneTi.<br />
yovelive es imas niSnavs, rom erovnuli kino<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong><br />
fexdafex unda misdevdes globalur tendenciebs da xels unda<br />
uwyobdes erTobliv warmoebas, sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs filmis<br />
ucxoeTSi popularizaciisTvis da”inteleqtualur” investicias.<br />
erovnuli warmoeba konkurentunariani unda gaxdes msoflio bazarze.<br />
4.3 kino<strong>industriis</strong> mimoxilva evrokavSiris konteqstSi<br />
30
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
rTulia evropuli kino<strong>industriis</strong> Sesaxeb reziumes gakeTeba<br />
kulturuli, industriuli, ekonomikuri Tu politikuri perspeqtivis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. ar arsebobs “evropuli kinos” cneba. Aarsebobs<br />
evropuli filmebis nairsaxeoba kulturis, enis, administraciuli<br />
struqturis, istoriisa Tu politikuri wyobis mixedviT. Tumca,<br />
kinoindustrias evropaSic aqvs garkveuli problemebi:<br />
mcire raodenobis evropul films hyavs imdeni mayurebeli, rom sakmarisi<br />
Semosavali miiRos kino<strong>industriis</strong> SesanarCuneblad. aseTi tendencia<br />
dResac grZeldeba, roca saxelmwifo dafinanseba naklebad<br />
xelmisawvdomia. yovelwliurad 700-ze meti filmi iwarmoeba evropaSi.<br />
maTi umravlesoba saxelmwifo dafinansebazea damokidebuli. evropul<br />
filmebis prodiuserebi, distributorebi da prezentatorebi subsidiebze<br />
arian damokidebuli, raTa Seavson mzardi sxvaoba danaxarjebsa da<br />
Semosavals Soris. bevri prodiuserisTvis mTavar mizans warmoadgens<br />
saxelmwifo mxardaWeris miReba, vidre SemoqmedebiTi an organizaciuli<br />
samuSao.<br />
am tendenciam saxelmwifo damfinanseblebis misia Secvala warmoebis<br />
mxardamWerad, romelsac mxolod mcire rolis aqvs kargi xarisxisa da<br />
saintereso scenaris xelSewyobaSi.<br />
urTierTkavSiri, informacia da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis revolucia<br />
mniSvnelovani faqtorebia kino<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong>Si. arCevani naTelia:<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> politikis modernizeba unda moxdes cifruli<br />
teqnologiebis epoqis Sesabamisd an evropuli kino<strong>industriis</strong> kultura<br />
progress CamorCeba da ar ganviTardeba.<br />
filmebi, romlebic warmatebas aRweven sakuTar qveyanaSi, xSir<br />
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba uintereso aRmoCndes sazRvargareT. 700 filmidan,<br />
romelic yovelwliurad iqmneba evropaSi, mxolod 10% SeiZleba ixilon<br />
qveynis farglebs gareT. es ki imis maniSnebelia, rom filmebis<br />
umravlesoba saxelmwifo subsidiebiT iqmneba (weliwadSi daaxloebiT 2.5<br />
miliardi dolaris subsidia gamoiyofa evropaSi am mizniT). Aaq unda<br />
gaviTvaliswinoT gadasaxadebi filmebis Semosavlidan, mauwyeblebisgan,<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi warmoebaSi dabandebul kapitalze da pirdapiri<br />
saxelmwifo grantebi. subsidia warmoebis xarjis daaxloebiT 80%-s<br />
faravs, aqedan udidesi nawili modis saxelmwifos mflobelobaSi myofi<br />
televiziebisgan. magaliTad, statistikuri monacemebi cxadhyofs, rom 2005<br />
wels 1,5 miliardi dolari daixarja franguli filmebis warmoebaze,<br />
magram evropis sazRrebs miRma gayidvebis moculobam mxolod 70 milioni<br />
dolari Seadgina. 18<br />
ufro metic, bolodroindeli kvlevis mixedviT, romelic evropis 29<br />
qveyanaSi Catarda, filmebis warmateba damokidebuli iyo festivalebsa da<br />
jildoebze, vidre mayureblis reaqciaze. 19 zog SemTxvevaSi evropuli<br />
filmebis mTavari problema aris iseTi politikis SemuSaveba, romelic<br />
ara marto subsidirebas uzrunvelyofs, aramed waaxalisebs filmis<br />
warmoebis process, romlebic warmatebuli iqneba saerTaSoriso<br />
asparezze. garda amisa, mniSvnelovania SeuZliaT Tu ara evropel<br />
reJisorebs fexi auwyon globalizacias da mravalferovan mayurebels<br />
warudginon produqti. seriozuli gamowvevaa saerTaSoriso masStabiT<br />
muSaoba filmis warmatebis mizniT.<br />
evropis masStabiT muSaobas mniSvnelovani sargebeli aqvs, radgan aseT<br />
SemTxvevaSi kinoindustria ufro konkurentunariani da globaluri xdeba.<br />
31
am TvalsazrisiT Semdegi upiratesobebi SeiZleba aRiniSos:<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
sxva qveynebis gamocdilebidan da warmatebuli praqtikidan gamomdinare<br />
ufro mtkice argumentebi unda SemuSavdes saxelmwifo dafinansebis<br />
aucileblobis dasasabuTeblad<br />
unda SemuSavdes realuri xedva evropuli<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong>Tis.<br />
rogorc “kopenhagenis angariSis” avtorebi amboben, imisaTvis, rom<br />
evropulma kinoindustriam SeinarCunos ekonomikuri, politikuri da<br />
saxelmwifo mxardaWera, iseT sakiTxebze unda iyos orientirebuli,<br />
rac sazogadoebas ufro mniSvnelovand miaCnia ara mxolod<br />
politikuri da ekonomikuri miznebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
“kino<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong> or sayrdenze dgas. Eesaa<br />
erovnuli kultura da ekonomikuri<br />
konkurentunarianoba. yuradReba unda mieqces iseT<br />
sakiTxebs, rogoricaa sxvadasxva qveynebis<br />
kulturebis urTierTpativiscema, sazogadoebrivi<br />
TanamSromloba da xalxs Soris antagonizmisa da<br />
gaucxoebis aRmofxvra. Ffilmis unari, rom moagvaros<br />
es sakiTxebi, Zalian mniSvnelovan wvlils Seitans<br />
erovnul kulturasa da ekonomikaSi.”<br />
4.4 konkretuli magaliTebi saerTaSoriso masStabiT<br />
am angariSisTvis Catarebul analizSi detaluradaa aRwerili<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong> da intervenciebi 6 qveyanaSi. informacia<br />
ekonomikur da politikur konteqstSia mocemuli. aRniSnuli 6<br />
qveynis magaliTi gasaTvaliswinebelia <strong>qarTuli</strong> kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
sferoSi. es qveynebia safrangeTi, ungreTi, irlandia, axali<br />
zelandia, poloneTi da TurqeTi. situacia gansxvavdeba yvela<br />
qveyanaSi, radgan TiToeul maTgans aqvs speficikuri kinoindustria<br />
da ganviTarebis sxvadasxva done. Mmiuxedavad amisa, es magaliTebi<br />
mainc mniSvnelovania saqarTvelosTvis.<br />
meore danarTSi mocemulia am qveynebis kino<strong>industriis</strong> politikisa<br />
da speficikuri intervenciebis sruli mimoxilva. TiToeuli<br />
konkretuli magaliTi Semdeg Temebadaa dayofili:<br />
ZiriTadi informacia qveynis Sesaxeb- ekonomikuri, politikuri,<br />
demografiuli da socialuri mdgomareoba;<br />
sagadasaxado sistemis ZiriTadi mimoxilva-faqtobrivi informacia<br />
gadasaxadebis saxeobebis Sesaxeb aRniSnul qveynebSi. es nawili<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris dakveTiT SemuSavda. rekomendirebulia,<br />
rom xelisuflebis finansurma gundma konsultacia gaiaros da saTanadod<br />
gamoikvlios sagadasaxado sistema;<br />
kulturuli politikis mimoxilva- qveynis <strong>politika</strong> kulturis,<br />
xelovnebisa da SemoqmedebiTi <strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis xelSewyobasTan<br />
mimarTebaSi;<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong>- qveynis saxelmwifo <strong>politika</strong> kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
32
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
ganviTarebasTan mimarTebaSi; detaluri informacia dawesebulebebsi<br />
Sesaxeb, romlebic am miznebisTvisaa Seqmnili; specifikuri intervenciebi<br />
(sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi, pirdapiri dafinanseba da subsidiebi), romelTa<br />
mizania <strong>industriis</strong> dafinanseba;<br />
Sedegi/gavlena- informacia qveynebis kino<strong>industriis</strong> axali miRwevebis<br />
Sesaxeb da detalebi politikisa da intervenciebis pirdapiri Tu<br />
arapirdapiri gavlenis Taobaze.<br />
33
5 rekomendaciebi <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebisTvis<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
momdevno TavSi mocemulia rekomendaciebi saqarTveloSi <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebisTvis. rekomendaciebi dayofilia specifikur<br />
sferoebad da miznad isaxavs maRali donis instruqtaJs adgilobriv da<br />
saerTaSoriso kvlevaze dayrdnobiT.<br />
5.1“Rirebulebis jaWvis” ganviTareba<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> kino<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis procesSi Zalian mniSvnelovania<br />
“Rirebulebis jaWvze” orientireba. Aam gziT, SesaZlebeli iqneba sferoSi<br />
34
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
arsebuli problemebis mogvareba. procesis warmatebulad gaZRolis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, mayurebeli saTanadod Seafasebs films da garda amisa,<br />
industria SeZlebs maRali xarisxis produqciis Seqmnas saerTaSoriso<br />
bazrisTvis. “Rirebulebis jaWvi” aris filmis Seqmnis mTeli procesi.<br />
filmi, rogorc produqti, gadis Tanmimdevrul stadiebs da TiToeul etapze<br />
is garkveul Rirebulebas iZens. filmSi Rirebulebis jaWvi SeiZleba<br />
aRviqvaT rogorc Semdegi aqtivobebis mTlianoba: ganviTareba-scenaris,<br />
bazris kvlevis, dafinansebis uzrunvelyofa<br />
■ warmoeba<br />
■ warmoebis bolo faza<br />
■ Cveneba, distribucia da gayidva<br />
cxrili 1 asaxavs Rirebulebis jaWvis mTlianobas ganviTarebidan<br />
gayidvamde. “negatiuri wyaro” niSnavs “negatiur” xarjebs, rac asocirdeba<br />
warmoebis xarjebTan, kapitalizaciis procentTan, studiis xarjebTan.<br />
“beWdvisa da reklamirebis” danaxarji moicavs dublirebas, distribucias,<br />
reklamirebas da zogadad, filmisTvis bazris momzadebas.<br />
mocemul diagramaze naCvenebia Rirebulebis jaWvis rTuli procesi da misi<br />
mniSvneloba ara marto im TvalsazrisiT, rom films Rirebuleba emateba<br />
gadaRebis da damuSavebis dasrulebis Semdeg, aramed imitomac, rom yvela<br />
aspeqti unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli, rom saboloo produqtma maqsimaluri<br />
Rirebuleba SeiZinos, garda amisa, uzrunvelyofili iqnas seqtoris<br />
ganviTareba. Rirebulebis jaWvSi warmoebis wina periodi mniSvnelovani<br />
etapia, sadac bevri SesaZleblobaa swavlisTvis, unarCvevebis dauflebisTvis<br />
da niWis ganviTarebisTvis. Aamitom aucilebelia am sferoze orientireba.<br />
mniSvnelovania specialuri iuridiuli da finansuri momsaxureba.<br />
magaliTad, did britaneTSi erT-erTi unikaluri meTodia gamocdili<br />
iuridiuli da sabuRaltro firmebis daxmareba adgilobriv da<br />
saerTaSoriso doneze.<br />
mesame nawilSi mocemuli analizis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi Rirebulebis<br />
jaWvi ar aris saTanadod ganviTarebuli. gansakuTrebiT arasaxarbielo<br />
mdgomareobaa iseT etapebze, rogoricaa ganviTareba da warmoebis bolo<br />
faza.<br />
Rirebulebis jaWvze orientirebiT mniSvnelovania imis aRiareba, rom<br />
mxolod sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi ver Seqmnis qmediTunarian kinoindustrias.<br />
saxelmwifom sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis roli unda Seasrulos<br />
<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebaSi saTanado ganaTlebisa da politikis<br />
uzrunvelyofiT, rac saSualebas miscems niWier pirovnebebs da xarisxian<br />
produqtebs miaRwion samizne bazars. Tu aqcents gaakeTeben Rirebulebis<br />
jaWvis ganviTarebaze xelisufalni SeZleben im ZiriTad sakiTxebze<br />
orientirebas, rac xels uSlis seqtoris warmatebas.<br />
qvemoT mocemulia angariSis specifikuri rekomendaciebi miwodebis qselSi<br />
arsebuli problemebis gadasaWrelad:<br />
5.1.1 treningi<br />
sakiTxi: saqarTveloSi treningebisa da profesiuli gadamzadebis<br />
infrastruqturis naklebobaa. adgilobrivma kvlevam daadgina, rom<br />
35
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> seqtorSi profesionaluri kadrebis deficitia.<br />
arasistematuri warmoebisa da zogierT unarebze moTxovnis simciris<br />
pirobebSi sakmaod dabalia profesionalizmis done. magaliTad, deficitia<br />
Semdeg profesiebSi: vizaJisti, eleqtro-inJineri, kostiumebis mxatvari, a.S.<br />
ufro metic, SemoqmedebiTi jgufebi saqarTveloSi naklebad TanamSromloben<br />
adgilobriv doneze. Nndobis deficitia prodiuseris mimarT, radgan<br />
reJisorebi da scenaristebi xSirad fiqroben, rom saqarTveloSi ar<br />
arseboben kreatiuli prodiuserebi, romlebsac kargad esmiT SemoqmedebiTi<br />
muSaobis problemebi (es sabWoTa memkvidreobis nawilia). es imas niSnavs, rom<br />
gunduri muSaoba da profesionalizmi treningis mTavari nawili unda iyos.<br />
aq SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas ucxoeTis qveynebis gamocdileba imis<br />
saCveneblad, rom TanamSromloba Zalian mniSvnelovania Rirebulebis jaWvis<br />
nebismier etapze.<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: mTeli msoflios magaliTze Cans, rom<br />
treningebisa da profesionalizmis ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia Sesabamisi<br />
infrastruqtura.. 23 ase swrafad mzard industriaSi Zalian didi mniSvneloba<br />
aqvs profesional kadrebs, struqturuli programas da kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
teqnikis saTanado codnas.<br />
rekomendacia: saqarTvelos sWirdeba saganmanaTleblo da satreningo<br />
rogramebis SemuSaveba, raTa kino-industria konkurentunariani gaxdes<br />
globalur bazarze. angariSis rekomendaciaa struqturuli strategiis<br />
Camoyalibeba profesiuli momzadebisTvis Semdeg sferoebSi:<br />
informacia, rCeva da instruqtaJi karierasTan dakavSirebiT-SemoqmedebiT<br />
industriaSi dasaqmebis saSualeba gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa niWieri<br />
adamianebis seqtorSi mosazidad da <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> SemoqmedebiTi<br />
potencialis gasafarToeblad.<br />
■ Semdgomi da umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesabamisi programebis SemuSaveba<br />
aRniSnul sferoSi-. Semdgomi da umaRlesi ganaTlebis programaSi<br />
saTanadod ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli axalgazrdebis iseTi Teoriuli da<br />
praqtikuli codniT uzrunvelyofa, rac saWiroa kino-industriaSi samuSaod.<br />
treningi sferoSi axladmosuli adamianebisTvis, profesiuli momzadeba<br />
praqtikantebisTvis da mxardaWera kompaniebisTvis- yvela SemoqmedebiTi<br />
<strong>industriis</strong> msgavsad, kino-industria Zalian swrafad mzardi seqtoria,<br />
romelsac axasiaTebs teqnologiuri adaptacia, warmoebis, distribuciisa da<br />
Cvenebis axali meTodebi. Aamitom Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnul centrma uzrunvelyos profesiuli momzadeba da<br />
treningebi <strong>industriis</strong> warmomadgenlebisTvis yvela doneze, raTa<br />
saqarTvelos kino-industria konkurentunariani iyos.<br />
kvleva da Sromis bazris mimoxilva- profesiul momzadebaSi investirebas<br />
safuZvliani argumenti sWirdeba, raTa investicia efeqturi da miznobrivi<br />
aRmoCndes. amitom, saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnul centrs sWirdeba<br />
yovelwliuri auditis Catareba, rom SeimuSavos saTanado strategia (ixileT<br />
qvemoT) AA A<br />
aseTi programa saWiroebs dafinansebas kino<strong>industriis</strong> fondisgan, rac<br />
SeiZleba iyos gaTamaSebis dafinansebisa da damatebiTi wyaroebis<br />
36
kombinacia. ixileT nawili 5.2.<br />
magaliTi 1: “ukeTesi momavali”- didi britaneTis kino<strong>industriis</strong> profesiuli<br />
gadamzadebis strategia<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
gaerTianebuli samefos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWos aqvs profesiuli gadamzadebis<br />
programa “ukeTesi momavali,” romelic warmoadgens saukeTeso saerTaSoriso<br />
praqtikas am sferoSi.<br />
aRniSnuli programa 2003 wels daiwyo didi britaneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWos<br />
mier. es 5 wliani programa iTvaliswinebs saganmanaTleblo da satreningo<br />
strategias kino-industriaSi moRvawe adamianebisTvis, rac saSualebas aZlevs<br />
gaerTianebuli samefos kino-industrias konkurencia gauwios msoflios sxva<br />
qveynebis kino-industriebs. programis mTavari mizani iyo wvlilis Setana<br />
britaneTis kino-<strong>industriis</strong> stabilurobasa da konkurentunarianobaSi. Pprogramis<br />
ganxorcieleba 2004 wels daiwyo da 2009 wels mTavrdeba.<br />
“ukeTesi momavali” didi britaneTis pirveli erovnuli strategiaa <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
sferoSi, romelic aqcents akeTebs Semdeg faqtorebze: informacia, rCeva da<br />
instruqtaJi karierasTan dakavSirebiT, Semdgomi da umaRlesi ganaTleba, treningi<br />
sferoSi axladmosuli adamianebisTvis, profesiuli momzadeba praqtikantebisTvis da<br />
mxardaWera kompaniebisTvis.<br />
Ggarda amisa, programas xels uwyobs sami “oqros Zafi”- mravalferovneba, didi<br />
britaneTis erebi, regionebi da axali teqnologiebi. Pprogramas afinansebs kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
fondi, gaTamaSeba da investicia mxatvruli filmebis dabegvridan.<br />
2004 wlis aprilidan 2008 wlis martamde 29 milionze meti gamoiyo programis<br />
“ukeTesi momavali” ganxorcielebis mizniT. Aanu erT wliwadSi gamoyofili Tanxa 7.3<br />
milionia. Aaqedan 25.6 milioni gaTamaSebis fondidan iyo, xolo 3.4 milioni unar-<br />
Cvevebis sainvesticio fondidan. Aam fondma 21.4 milionis investicia Cado axali<br />
kadrebis treningebis, sascenaro kursebis da sxva aqtivobebis dafinansebis saqmeSi.<br />
am RonisZiebis farglebSi 96 organizaciam 270-ze meti granti miiRo. magram mxolod<br />
9 organizaciam miiRo am investiciis 2/3-ze meti da udidesi nawili am Tanxisa (21.4<br />
milionis 25% ) gadaeca erovnuli kinosa da televiziis skolas.<br />
5.1.2 filmis Cveneba<br />
sakiTxi: rogorc aRwerilia nawilSi 3.4.amJamad saqarTveloSi sakmaod<br />
SezRudulia filmis Cvenebis infrastruqtura. Aam sferoSi arsebuli<br />
monopolia saSualebas ar aZlevs filmebis mwarmoeblebs, rom cotaodeni<br />
finansuri stimuli miiRon. Ees ki umTavresi mizezia imisa, Tu ratom<br />
cdiloben qarTveli filmebis mwarmoeblebi komerciul warmatebas<br />
adgilobriv bazarze miaRwion. Uufro metic, saqarTveloSi kinoTeatris<br />
mayurebelTa didi nawili holivudis produqcias amjobinebs. ase rom,<br />
kinoTeatris mTavari qseli ar uTmobs did dros adgilobriv filmebs.<br />
saqarTveloSi Zalian mcire raodenobis damoukidebeli kinoTeatria.<br />
yovelive es uaryofiTad aisaxeba <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmis warmoebaze.<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: ufro ganviTarebuli kinoTeatris qselis<br />
Seqmna saqarTveloSi xels Seuwyobs filmis warmoebis process. Tumca,<br />
mxolod adgilobrivi bazari ar iqneba sakmarisi, rom ekonomikuri<br />
TvalsazrisiT SenarCundes <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmi warmoebis done. Uufro meti<br />
saSualeba rom arsebobdes filmebis Cvenebisa, droTa ganmavlobaSi<br />
moTxovnac gaizrdeboda da ufro meti stimuli eqneboda qarTvel<br />
prodiuserebs filmebis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
rekomendacia: mniSvnelovania, rom saqarTveloSi ganviTardes strategiuli<br />
midgoma, raTa filmebs meti SesaZleblobebi hqondeT. Aamis miznis miRweva<br />
unda moxdes kinoTeatrebis seqtorTan TanamSromlobiT. sasurveli iqneba<br />
klubebis Camoyalibeba skolis moswavleebisTvis, rom maT SeZlon filmebis<br />
naxva; unda Camoyalibdes kontaqtebi universitetebTan..kinoTeatris<br />
nebismieri qseli saqarTveloSi dainteresebuli unda iyos mayureblis<br />
raodenobis gazrdiT. amisaTvis saWiroa mosaxleobisTvis garkveuli<br />
SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofa. saerTaSoriso magaliTebic cxadhyofs amas.<br />
magaliTad, <strong>kinematografiis</strong> ganaTlebis sistemas did britaneTSi, sadac<br />
specialuri programebi xorcieldeba skolebSi, mxars uWeren ZiriTadi<br />
kinoTeatrebi, radgan am gziT izrdeba kinos mayurebelTa raodenoba da<br />
viTardeba filmis, rogorc kulturuli da gasarTobi saSualebis<br />
Rirebuleba. kidev erTi faqtori saqarTveloSi filmis Cvenebis<br />
infrastruqturis ganviTarebis mizniT aris didi britaneTis magaliTis<br />
gaTvaliswineba da cifruli qselis ganviTareba, Aanu filmis CvenebisTvis<br />
aratradiciuli adgilebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa bari, xelovnebis<br />
sagamofeno adgilebi, a.S. cifruli Cveneba amcirebs filmis gamosvlis<br />
xarjebs (filmis cifruli versia gacilebiT iafi jdeba).amitom didi<br />
britaneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWom da inglisis xelovnebis sabWom Seqmnes<br />
cifruli kinoCvenebis qseli. 120 milioniani investicia ganxorcielda didi<br />
britaneTis 210 kinoTeatrSi 240 cifruli ekranis dasamontaJeblad amiT<br />
britanel mayurebels ufro didi arCevanis saSualeba mieca.<br />
5.1.3 uflebebis racionalizacia<br />
sakiTxi: DdResdReobiT qarTul filmebze saavtoro ufleba Tavad filmebis<br />
avtorebs ekuTvniT. Ees tendencia jer kidev sabWoTa periodSi iyo. amis<br />
Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba “<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmis” sabWom (yofilma saxelmwifo<br />
kinostudiam) miiRo. praqtikulad, es niSnavs, rom nebismieri molaparakeba<br />
filmTan dakavSirebiT mis yvela avtorTan unda gaimarTos (iqneba es<br />
reJisori, scenaris avtori Tu kompozitori ). Ees procesi sakmaod rTulia<br />
da xelisSemSlel faqtors warmoadgens adgilobriv warmoebaSi.<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli:: es aris <strong>qarTuli</strong> kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
memkvidreobis mniSvnelovani aspeqti, rac iolad xelmisawvdomi unda iyos<br />
adgilobrivi da ucxoeli mwarmoeblebisTvis.. am uflebebis gamoyeneba<br />
niSandoblivia komerciuli TvalsazrisiT. amJamad maTi gamoyeneba<br />
SeuZlebelia, radgan sakmaod rTulia molaparakebebis warmoeba saavtoro<br />
uflebebis amden mflobelTan.<br />
rekomendacia: rekomendirebulia garkveuli zomebis miReba, raTa Seimqnas<br />
arqivi da masze yvela ufleba ndobiT aRWurvil pirs gadaeces.<br />
dResdReobiT asobiT adamians aqvs miniWebuli es ufleba, da amitom<br />
praqtikulad SeuZlebelia maTTan molaparakebis gamarTva da masalis<br />
gamoyeneba (rac <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> memkvidreobis mniSvnelovan<br />
nawils warmoadgens).<br />
5.1.4 distribucia, gayidvebi da marketingi<br />
sakiTxi: adgilobrivi sadistribucio sistema arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaSia.<br />
erTi mxriv, mas erTi kerZo kompania akontrolebs da seqtorSi faqtobrivad<br />
ar arsebobs konkurencia.es kompania uzrunvelyofs filmebis Cvenebasac da<br />
distribuciasac. Mmeore mxriv, ar arsebobs saTanado strategia mayureblis<br />
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mosazidad, gansakuTrebiT regionebSi.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
saqarTveloSo gayidvebis agentebi ar muSaoben. Aamis Sedegad, <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
filmebi ar xvdeba evropuli kinoeTeatrebis qselSi.<br />
isic aRsaniSnavia, rom adgilobrivi filmebisTvis marketinguli saqmianobac<br />
ar aris saTanadod ganviTarebuli.<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: Zlieri sadistribucio qselis arseboba<br />
filmis warmatebis mniSvnelovani sawindaria. Aadgilobrivi mayureblis<br />
moTxovna da adgilobrivi gayidvebis potenciali Zalian mniSvnelovani<br />
faqtorebia ucxoeli partniorisTvis. Aaseve aucilebelia, mayureblis<br />
Sexedulebebis da gemovnebis gaTvaliswineba adgilobriv Tu potenciur<br />
ucxoel partniorTan muSaobis dros. Aaqedan gamomdinare, procesSi<br />
gayidvebis agentis CarTvas arsebiTi datvirTva aqvs.<br />
miuxedavad amJamindeli debatebisa imis Sesaxeb, Seamcirebs Tu ara cifruli<br />
distribucia gayidvebis agentis mniSvnelobas warmoebis ciklSi, <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> ganviTarebisTvis mainc aucilebelia adgilis damkvidreba<br />
saerTaSoriso asparezze. ganviTarebis sawyis etapze rekomendirebulia<br />
gamocdili Suamavlebis, magaliTad gayidvebis agentis momsaxurebis<br />
gamoyeneba am mizniT.<br />
yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, marketingi da gayidvebi mniSvnelovania<br />
filmis warmoebis ganviTarebaSi. yuradReba unda mieqces samizne auditoriis<br />
dadgenas, scenaris marTebulobas da filmis gamoSvebis strategias.<br />
marketinguli elementebi mudmivad unda iyos dRis wesrigSi, gansakuTrebiT<br />
iseTi qveynebis filmebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic naklebad cnobilia<br />
msoflioSi da naklebad cnobil reJisors ekuTvnis. radgan aseTi<br />
filmebisTvis, rogorc wesi, ufro rTulia saerTaSoriso mayureblis<br />
yuradRebis mipyroba.<br />
rekomendacia: saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris mier<br />
dafinansebis miRebis umTavresi kriteriumi unda iyos marketingTan da<br />
distribuciasTan dakavSirebuli gegma. am SemTxvevaSi, <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
erovnuli centri uzrunvelyofs imas, rom mwarmoeblebi daiwyeben<br />
strategiulad fiqrs axali produqtis Seqmnisas. garda amisa, es<br />
uzrunvelyofs TanamSromlobas prodiuserebsa da distributorebs Soris<br />
adgilobriv doneze.<br />
naTelia, rom dRes bevr kompanias ar SeuZlia an ar surs erTmaneTTan<br />
TanamSromloba. Tumca, rekomendacia amis Sesaxeb namdvilad<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia, radgan TanamSromloba safuZvels uqmnis mniSvnelovan<br />
procesebs. saTanado moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi struqturebis Camoyalibeba<br />
naklebad rTuli iqneba. Aam TvalsazrisiT, <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnul centrs<br />
SeuZlia miiRos individualuri SemoTavazebebi, romlebic orientirebuli<br />
iqneba regionebSi filmebis distribuciaze. yvelaze didi potencialis mqone<br />
proeqtebi dafinansebas miiRebs, raTa xeli Seewyos mcire da saSualo<br />
biznesis modelebs, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso<br />
distribuciasTan iqneba dakavSirebuli.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma kidev erTi sfero unda<br />
Seiswavlos- cifruli distribucia. centrma monawileoba unda miiRos<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
saerTaSoriso diskusiaSi cifruli distribuciis potencialis Sesaxeb.<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> centrma aqcenti unda gaakeTos im faqtze, Tu ra sargebels<br />
miiRebs cifruli distribuciis axladCamoyalibebuli biznes-modeli<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis farTod garcelebisgan. <strong>kinematografiis</strong> centri, rogorc<br />
strategiuli sajaro uwyeba uflebamosilia axal bizness SesaZleblobebis<br />
misces da sacdeli praqtika daiwyos.<br />
amis kargi magaliTia didi britaneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWos cifruli<br />
inovacia filmebis proeqtSi, sadac 12 biznesi gaerTianda specialur<br />
partniorebTan, romlebic uzrunvelyofdnen filmebis cifrul formats da<br />
maT gavrcelebas saerTaSoriso bazarze. 12 kino-industriasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli biznesi iqna SerCeuli did britaneTSi 18-Tvian proeqtSi<br />
monawileobis misaRebad, romelic iTvaliswinebda <strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis<br />
xelSewyobas.<br />
programis yvelaze mniSvnelovani amocanebia miznobrivi programis<br />
SemuSaveba, romelic SeZlebs biznes-modelebis transformacias ise, rom<br />
gamoyenebul iqnas cifruli distribuciis SesaZleblobebi da axal da ukve<br />
adaptirebul bizness hqondes investirebis mzaoba.<br />
Tu saTanado dafinanseba xelmisawvdomi iqneba, saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri daiwyebs sacdel proeqts, romlis<br />
mizania cifruli distribuciis, rogorc biznes-modelis Seswavla<br />
saqarTvelos realobaSi. sacdeli programa orientirebuli unda iyos<br />
Zlieri qselis Camoyalibebaze da Zlieri da susti mxareebis aRmoCenaze.<br />
adgilobrivi filmebis gayidvebis potencialis gazrdis mizniT saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri Suamavlis funqcias asrulebs da<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebi sxvadasxva festivalze gaaqvs. Tumca, umjobesia, Tu<br />
Camoyalibdena kompania, romelic metad iqneba orientirebuli gayidvebze da<br />
eqneba gayidvebis grZelvadiani strategia.<br />
axali zelandiis gayidvebis saagento SeiZleba saukeTeso magaliTad<br />
CaiTvalos <strong>qarTuli</strong> realobisTvis. saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuls<br />
centrs SeuZlia Seqmnas gayidvebze orientirebuli uwyeba, romelic<br />
xelmisawvdomi iqneba adgilobrivi mwarmoeblebisTvis da gauwevs maT<br />
iuridiul konsultacias da daexmareba filmebis popularizaciaSi. es<br />
organo adgilobriv da ucxour “minimaluri garantiis” investiciebsac<br />
Seuwyobs xels. magaliTad, safrangeTSi “minimaluri garantia” mniSvnelovan<br />
rols TamaSobs dafinansebis gazrdaSi.<br />
zogadad, roca bazari adekvaturia, Cndeba moTxovna axal biznes-modelebze<br />
gayidvebisa da distribuciis sferoSi. jerjerobiT, warmoeba<br />
arastabiluria, adgilobrivi distribucia sustia da arsebobs sxva<br />
struqturuli problemebic. Aamitom rTulia adgilobrivi gayidvebis<br />
kompaniis Camoyalibeba, romelsac sakmarisi finansebi eqneba. es imas niSnavs,<br />
rom nebismieri intervencia iqneba saWiro, raTa uzrunvelyofili iqnas<br />
mokle da saSualo vadiani zrda.<br />
Pprioritetuli Asamoqmedo punqtebi<br />
saganmanaTleblo da profesiuli gadamzadebis programis SemuSaveba,<br />
romelic xels Seuwyobs <strong>industriis</strong> konkurentunarianobas msoflio<br />
asparezze profesionali kadrebis meSveobiT<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
meti SesaZleblobebis Seqmna filmis distribuciisTvis skolebTan,<br />
universitetebTan TanamSromlobis safuZvelze da cifruli<br />
kinoseansebis qselis Seqmna iseT adgilebSi, sadac kinoTeatri ar<br />
aris<br />
arqivze kontrolisa da yvelanairi uflebis miniWeba ndobiT<br />
aRWurvil pirze<br />
dafinansebis strategiis SemuSaveba, romelic uzruvelyofs filmebis<br />
dafinansebas, marketingisa da distribuciis saTanado gegmas<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri orientirebuli unda<br />
iyos axladaRmocenebuli biznes-modelebis sadistribucio<br />
potencialis gamoyenebaze, raTa <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmebis farTo masStabiani<br />
distribucia moxdes.<br />
5.2 dafinanseba<br />
2004 wlidan saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo wliuri daxmareba kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
mimarT mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. wels es Tanxa 419 000 evrodan 930 000<br />
evromde gaizarda. magram msoflios sxva qveynebTan konkurenciis<br />
TvalsazrisiT meti dafinansebaa saWiro. <strong>industriis</strong> arasakmarisi<br />
dafinanseba sakmaod mwvave problemaa, rac aferxebs seqtoris ganviTarebas.<br />
qvemoTYCamoTvlil SemoTavazebebs Soris dafinansebis gazrdasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT erT-erTi mniSvnelovania fiskaluri stimulireba. magram<br />
saWiroa imis gacnobierebac, rom fiskalur stimuls ori sxvadasxva funqcia<br />
aqvs: adgilobrivi kino<strong>industriis</strong> mxardaWera da saerTaSariso mobiluri<br />
mwarmoeblebis mozidva filmis, an misi nawilis saqarTveloSi gadaRebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
mocemul TavSi Cven ganvixilavT <strong>qarTuli</strong> kino<strong>industriis</strong> dafinansebis<br />
SesaZlo variantebs, maT Soris sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs, gaTamaSebis<br />
dafinansebas da fiskalur dabegvras.<br />
5.2.1filmebis warmoebisa da distribuciis mxardamWeri<br />
fondis ganviTareba<br />
sakiTxi: saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri erTaderTi<br />
organizaciaa saqarTveloSi, romelic adgilobriv kino-industrias exmareba.<br />
Tumca, amJamad misi wliuri biujeti- 776 901 evro, ar aris sakmarisi da<br />
sakmaod mcirea msoflios sxva qveynebSi dafinansebasTan SedarebiT (ixileT<br />
Tavi 4.4.1.), qveynebis umravlesobaSi pirdapiri dafinansebis gziTY xdeba<br />
mxatvruli filmebis warmoeba. Eevropis TiToeul qveyanaSi mxatvruli<br />
filmebis pirdapiri dafinanseba da sagadasaxdo SeRavaTebi sulze<br />
daaxloebiT 4-5 dolars udris. saqarTveloSi filmebis dafinanseba<br />
gacilebiT naklebia, rasac Tan axlavs sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis<br />
araraseboba.<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: ufro meti dafinansebaa saWiro, raTa<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnul centrs saSualeba hqondes daexmaros kinoindustrias<br />
Rirebulebis jaWvis yvela etapze.<br />
rekomendacia: gvjera, rom saqarTvelos dauyovnebliv sWirdeba damatebiTi<br />
dafinansebis wyaroebis moZieba. erT-erTi umTavresi qmedeba am<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
TvalsazrisiT ukavSirdeba filmebis warmoebisa da distribuciis<br />
mxardamWeri fondis Seqmnas. savaraudod, misabaZ modelad gamodgeba<br />
poloneTis magaliTi, sadac msgavsi uwyeba Seiqmna 2005 wels. Ees organo<br />
weliwadSi 25 milion evros iRebs erovnuli kino-<strong>industriis</strong><br />
dasafinanseblad.<br />
saqarTveloSic SeiZleba msgavsi fondis Seqmna. imisaTvis, rom warmoebis<br />
done gaizardos da uzrunvelyofili iqnas misi grZelvadiani stabiluroba<br />
ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, unda gaizardos dafinansebis biujeti da<br />
ganxorcieldes komerciulad qmediTunariani proeqtebi. garda amisa,<br />
sagrZnoblad unda gaizardos dafinansebuli proeqtebis raodenoba, rom<br />
Sesabamisad gaizardos warmoebis moculobac. dafinanseba Semdeg<br />
faqtorebze unda iyos mimarTuli:<br />
Eerovnuli Sinaarsis filmebis<br />
komerciul-SemoqmedebiTi kompaniebi, romlebic proeqtebs<br />
axorcieleben<br />
proeqtebma unda daakmayofilos Sesabamisi kriteriumebi Semosavlis<br />
miRebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
am rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi Cveni rCevaa, rom<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma moaxdinos Tanxebis<br />
distribucia. saWiro iqneba damatebiTi kvlevis Catareba, raTa Sefasdes<br />
teqnikuri detalebi da dazustdes SesaZlo dafinansebis moculoba.<br />
5.2.2 sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis ganviTareba<br />
sakiTxi: saqarTveloSi dafinanseba mxolod saxelmwifo subsidiebis saxiTaa<br />
xelmisawvdomi. Ddafinanseba SezRudulia da ver uzrunvelyofs regularul<br />
warmoebas. Uucxoeli prodiuserebi eridebian saqarTveloSi filmebis<br />
gadaRebas, radgan qveyana saxifaTo teritoriad miiCneva. garda amisa,<br />
adgilobrivi sagadasaxado sistemac ar aris Tanmimdevruli.<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi aris saSualeba<br />
ucxouri warmoebis mosazidad. Aadgilobrivi kompaniebisTvis ki es aris<br />
stimulis momcemi faqtori kino-industriaSi investirebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
naklebad savaraudoa, rom mokle xanSi saqarTvelo gaxdeba qveyana, sadac<br />
ucxoeli prodiuserebi filmebis gadaRebas moisurveben. saqme ar exeba<br />
mxolod sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs, rac SeiZleba mimzidveli iyos<br />
ucxoelebisTvis. nebismieri qveyana, sadac gadamRebi jgufi Cadis saTanado<br />
infrastruqturiTa da aRWurvilobiT unda iyos uzrunvelyofili.<br />
saqarTveloSi ki yovelive amis deficitia da adgilobrivi infrastruqtura<br />
ar aris mzad umaspinZlos mxatvruli filmebis orze met gadamReb jgufs.<br />
Tu es sakiTxebi ar mogvarda, ucxoelebis interesi saqarTvelos mimarT ar<br />
gaizrdeba. adgilobrivi konsultaciebis fonze isic naTelia, rom<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris dafinanseba mcirea da sxva<br />
alternatiuli wyaroc ar aris xelmisawvdomi.<br />
am bolo dros saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovand gamartivda sagadasaxado<br />
sistema. Aadgilobrivi kvleva sagadasaxado da finansuri sakiTxebis Sesaxeb<br />
xazgazmiT aRniSnavs, rom mTavari problema mdgomareobs ara gadasaxadebis<br />
saxeobebSi, aramed mis procedurul sakiTxSi.<br />
42
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
rekomendacia: rogorc aRmoCnda, adgilobrivi kino<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis<br />
problema ara mxolod fiskalur stimulirebas ukavSirdeba. saqarTveloSi<br />
aris mkveTri saWiroeba imisa, rom filmis warmoebis Rirebulebis jaWvi<br />
ganviTardes. Mmagram dRevandeli sagadasaxado sistemis gamoyenebis<br />
gamartiveba mainc yvelaze aqtualuri sakiTxia.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma unda gamouSvas<br />
specialuri sagadasaxado instruqtaJi kino<strong>industriis</strong> dafinansebisTvis<br />
amJamindeli kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze. Aadgilobrivi kvlevis angariSi<br />
sagadasaxado da finansuri sakiTxebis Sesaxeb aqcents akeTebs<br />
gadasaxadebis procedurul sirTuleebze da ara Tavad gadasaxadebis<br />
saxeobebze. Aamitom, am SemTxvevaSi saWiroa prioritetebis Tanaxmad<br />
moqmedeba. saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma unda<br />
uxelmZRvanelos adgilobrivi biznesisTvis sagadasaxdo instruqtaJis<br />
Seqmnis strategiul process. Kam mizniT <strong>kinematografiis</strong> centrma unda<br />
iTanamSromlos finansur uwyebebTan, magaliTad finansTa saministrosTan da<br />
sagadasaxado uwyebasTan. Aamgvarad, adgilobrivi biznesi SeZlebs<br />
Tanamimdevrulad muSaobas sagadasaxado sistemasTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
kvlevis kidev erTi sfero aris kerZoO seqtoris stimulireba kinoindustriaSi<br />
investirebisTvis. Qqveynis zogadi ekonomikuri mdgomareoba<br />
arasaxarbieloa am TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, saqarTvelos realobaSi SeiZleba<br />
ungruli modelis gamoyeneba.<br />
am modelSi mwarmoebeli kompania da kerZo sponsori (ZiriTadad didi<br />
kompania) sagadasaxado SeRavaTebiT sargebloben. Aam garemoebaSi,<br />
korporatiuli sponsori filmis biujetis 20%-s uxdis mwarmoebel<br />
kompanias. Tavis mxriv, korporatiuli sponsori sagadasaxado SeRavaTiT<br />
sargeblobs da mas unazRaurdeba 20%-iani wvlili. aseT SemTxvevaSi<br />
sagadasaxdo SeRavaTi sponsorisTvis aris investiciis ukan amoReba.<br />
mwarmoebeli kompaniisTvis ki es aris naRdi fuli. Tu filmi erToblivi<br />
nawarmia, maSin qarTveli Tanamwarmoebeli 20%-ian sagadasaxado SeRavaTs<br />
iRebs da amiT, wvlili Seaqvs filmis biujetSi.<br />
samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, sponsors ar unda hqondes finansuri<br />
daintereseba mwarmoebeli kompaniis mimarT da sargebeli ar unda miiRos<br />
sadistribucio Semosavlisgan.<br />
am modelis perspeqtivis Sesamowmeblad Semdegi teqnikuri sakiTxebi unda<br />
mogvardes:<br />
1) adgilobrivi mwarmoebeli kompania da Tavad warmoebac daregistrirebuli<br />
unda iyos filmis mwarmoebel adgilobriv organod (ungrul modelSi es<br />
aris erovnuli kino<strong>industriis</strong> uwyeba)<br />
2) adgilobrivma filmis mwarmoebelma organom unda gansazRvros filmis<br />
pirobiTi danaxarji, rac SeiZleba sagadasaxado SeRavaTis zeda zRvari<br />
iyos( ungrul modelSi am funqcias erovnuli kino<strong>industriis</strong> uwyeba<br />
asrulebs)<br />
3) biujeti da warmoebis xarjebi unda Semowmdes (ungreTSi filmis pirobiTi<br />
danaxarji ganisazRvreba rogorc nebismieri gadasaxadi filmis<br />
warmoebasTan dakavSirebiT. Aam proceduris Sesruleba SesaZlebelia<br />
warmoebis angariS_faqturis erovnuli <strong>kinematografiis</strong> uwyebisTvis<br />
wardgeniT ).<br />
4) sponsorma unda miiRos serTifikati Sesabamisi angariS-faqturebis<br />
43
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
gadaxedvis Semdeg. serTifikatis aRebis Semdeg sponsors SeuZlia<br />
isargeblos sagadasaxado SeRavaTiT im pirobiT, Tu man namdvilad Seitana<br />
wvlili filmis warmoebis procesSi (naRdi fulis gadaricxvis saxiT).<br />
filmis warmoebis procesis pirdapiri mxardaWeris alternatiuli meTodi<br />
axali zelandiis modelia.<br />
filmis mwarmoebeli <strong>qarTuli</strong> kompania SeiZleba gaTavisufldes<br />
saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan, Tu is erovnul films gadaiRebs. axal<br />
zelandiaSi es sistema sakmaod daxvewilia da iTvaliswinebs droebiT da<br />
saboloo serTificirebas erovnuli filmebis gadaRebaze. saqarTveloSi<br />
kino-industria jerjerobiT ar aris saTanadod ganviTarebuli da amitom<br />
aseTi meqanizmis SemoReba ar iqneba advili.<br />
Tumca, kargi iqneba, Tu saqarTvelos mTavroba 3-4 wlis ganmavlobaSi kinoindustrias<br />
saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan gaaTavisuflebs. es sacdeli<br />
modeli Seamowmebs procesis qmediTunarianobas da gegmis upiratesobebsa da<br />
naklovanebebs daadgens.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris strategiuli<br />
reorganizaciac Zalze mniSvnelovania: man unda Caataros filmebis<br />
mwarmoebeli kompaniebis monitoringi da serTificireba.saSemosavlo<br />
gadasaxadis gauqmeba unda moxdes <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris mier<br />
gacemuli serTifikatis safuZvelze, romelic kompanias aZlevs filmebis<br />
mwarmoebeli <strong>qarTuli</strong> kompaniis kvalifikacias, xolo films - <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
erovnuli filmis statuss.<br />
gegmis ganxorcielebis perspeqtiva Sesabamisma finansurma uwyebebma unda<br />
Seiswavlon. imdenad, ramdenadac saqarTveloSi sagadasaxado sistema<br />
gamartivda, damatebiTi sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi SeiZleba aRar dawesdes.<br />
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam xeli unda Seuwyos filmis warmoebis<br />
infrastruqturis ganviTarebas. am SemTxvevaSic ungruli modeli SeiZleba<br />
saukeTeso adgilobrivi alternativa aRmoCndes.<br />
mTavrobam garkveuli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi unda warmoadginos, Tu<br />
adgilobrivi an ucxouri prodiuserebi (kompaniebi) kino-<strong>industriis</strong><br />
infrastruqturaSi daabandeben. magaliTad, ungreTSi gadamxdelma SeiZleba<br />
moiTxovos 10 wlamde periodis SeRavaTi, Tu investicia gadaaWarbebs 100<br />
milion forints (400 000 evros). finansTa saministro gascems licenziebs<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebze da procentuli maCvenebeli damokidebuli iqneba<br />
investiciebis lokaciaze, magaliTad, investiciebis 35% budapeStSi.<br />
gadamxdelma aseve SeiZleba isargeblos fasdaklebiT uZrav qonebasa da<br />
aRWurvilobaze (15-50%-iani fasdakleba ungreTSi). Mmsgavsi sqema SeiZleba<br />
Seswavlili iyos saqarTvelos magaliTze.<br />
5.2.3 dafinansebis damatebiTi wyaroebi:<br />
sakiTxi: <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> strategiuli ganviTarebisTvis saWiro<br />
kapitalis Sesaqmnelad damatebiTi finansuri SeRavaTebi SeiZleba gaxdes<br />
saWiro. Ggarda amisa, filmebis warmoebisa da distribuciis mxardamWeri<br />
fondis Camoyalibebam SesaZloa azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvios komerciul<br />
seqtorSi da ver moxerxdes saTanado kanonmdeblobis miReba. Aamitom,<br />
44
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
savaraudod, saqarTvelos dasWirdeba Semosavlis sxva potenciuri wyaroebis<br />
moZieba<br />
5.2.3.a gaTamaSebis dafinanseba<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: gaTamaSebis dafinanseba kino-<strong>industriis</strong><br />
damatebiTi dafinansebis wyarod SeiZleba iqces, rogorc es bevr sxva<br />
qveyanaSi xdeba, magaliTad gaerTianebul samefosa da axal zelandiaSi.<br />
erovnuli gaTamaSebebis iniciatori da organizatori qveynis centraluri an<br />
adgilobrivi mTavrobaa. gaTamaSebaSi bevri prizia. zogierTi mTavroba am<br />
meTods kanongareSe acxadebs, zogi ki piriqiT. gaTamaSeba anu latarea<br />
damatebiTi Semosavlis wyaroa. zog qveyanaSi erovnuli gaTamaSebebidan<br />
miRebuli Semosavali kino-<strong>industriis</strong> dafinansebisTvis gamoiyenes.<br />
magaliTad, did britaneTSi <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo erovnuli latareis fuls<br />
iyenebs axalbeda filmebis mwarmoeblebis dasaxmareblad, iseTi saintereso<br />
filmebis dasafinanseblad, rogoricaa Touching the Void’ da ‘Vera Drake. amiT<br />
mayureblebs saSualeba eZlevaT msoflios saukeTeso filmebi naxon.<br />
erovnuli latareidan miRebuli Tanxa aseve gadaecema regionalur<br />
saagentoebs, romlebic Semdeg afinanseben filmebis warmoebas. es Tanxebi<br />
xSirad investirebis formas iZens da mogvianebiT SeTanxmebis safuZvelze<br />
xdeba investiciis kompensireba. didi britaneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo<br />
exmareba kino-industrias ganviTarebis, axali kinosa da premier fondebis<br />
meSveobiT.<br />
erovnuli gaTamaSebebis fondi mniSvnelovnad zrdis im kapitalis<br />
moculobas, rac did britaneTSi kulturis sferos dafinansebaze ixarjeba.<br />
erovnul latareas 1994 wels Caeyara safuZveli. misi wyalobiT xelovnebis<br />
sfero weliwadSi 250 milionze mets iRebs. igive Tanxa gadaecema sports,<br />
saqvelmoqmedo saqmes, memkvidreobas da sxva aqtivobebs. erovnul latareas<br />
mxolod kapitaluri proeqtebis dafinanseba SeuZlia. Ddidi britaneTis<br />
kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, filmis warmoebaze daxarjuli Tanxa aRiqmeba<br />
rogorc kapitaluri danaxarji, radgam saboloo produqti warmoadgens<br />
kapitalur aqtivs.<br />
rekomendacia: saqarTvelom unda Seiswavlos latareis principis gamoyeneba<br />
kinondustriis ganviTarebaSi. rogorc kino-industria, agreTve kulturis<br />
mTeli seqtori SeiZleba dafinansdes erovnuli latareis mier. Tumca,<br />
jerjerobiT qveyanaSi ar arsebobs aseTi latareis cneba. kanonmdeblebma<br />
unda gaiTvaliswinon ASesaZlo variantebi da gamoiyenon gaTamaSebis<br />
arsebuli saxeobebi kino<strong>industriis</strong> dasaxmareblad.<br />
ra Tqma unda, es sakmaod gabeduli nabiji iqneba da mTavrobam saTanadod<br />
unda Seiswavlos ganxorcielebis gegma. Aarsebobs garkveuli<br />
SesaZleblobebi, rac saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma<br />
SeiZleba mTavrobasTan erTad ganixilos.<br />
5.2.3.b sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis dafinanseba<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: saerTaSoriso analizi gviCvenebs, rom<br />
zogierTi qveyana uzrunvelyofs dafinansebas sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblobis<br />
meSveobiT. bevr qveyanaSi sazogadoebrivi mauwyebloba, rogorc aseTi,<br />
45
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs adgilobrivi produqciis warmoebisa da<br />
popularizaciis saqmeSi<br />
did britaneTSi meoTxe arxi da bibisi afinanseben kino-proeqtebs. meoTxe<br />
arxis ganyofilebam “filmi oTxi” bevri popularuli filmi daafinansa<br />
wlebis ganmavlobaSi. meoTxe arxi 1982 wels gaixsna. mas didi wvlili<br />
Seaqvs inovaciur da eqsperimentul proeqtebSi, televiziaSi da kinoindustriaSi.<br />
1982-dan 2000 wlamde is Zalian daexmara britanul kinoindustrias,<br />
romelsac rTuli periodi hqonda. Amis miRweva SesaZlebeli<br />
gaxda moklemetraJiani filmebi, romlebic sufTa britanuli xasiaTis iyo.<br />
magaliTad, maik leihis bevri filmi britanul sazogadoebaze “filmi<br />
oTxis” dafinansebulia. 1990-ian wlebSi am ganyofilebam investicia Cado<br />
iseT did proeqtSi rogoricaa Four Weddings and a Funeral.” man araerTi<br />
axalgazrduli filmi daafinansa, Shallow Grave, Trainspotting, sadac<br />
varskvlavebis gundia Tavmoyrili: msaxiobi evan makgregori, reJisori deni<br />
boili, prodiuseri endriu makdonaldi da scenaristi jon hodji. Ffilmi<br />
Trainspotting 1.7 milioni dajda. is msoflio hiti gaxda da 20-jer meti<br />
Semosavali miiRo.<br />
rekomendacia: saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma unda<br />
Seiswavlos dafinansebis alternatiuli wyaroebi filmebis proeqtebisTvis<br />
saxelmwifo mauwyebeli kompaniebis daxmarebiT. amJamad, am TvalsazrisiT<br />
dadebiTi tendencia ikveTeba. magaliTad, saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
erovnulma centrma, sazogadoebrivma mauwyebelma da kerZo kompaniam<br />
daafinanses sacdeli proeqti “konfliqtis zona” da is male gamova<br />
asparezze. Zalian misasalmebeli faqtia, rom saqarTveloSi arsebobs<br />
sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli da is afinansebs proeqtebs.<br />
aRsaniSnavia holandiuri modelic, romelic SesaZloa adaptirebuli iqnas<br />
qarTul realobaSi.<br />
magaliTi 2: mauwyebelTa valdebuleba filmebis dafinansebis Sesaxeb: holandiuri<br />
modeli<br />
holandiuri mauwyebeli organizaciebi fundamentalur rols asruleben filmebis<br />
warmoebis saqmeSi kinematografiaSi aqtiuri monawileoba nebayoflobiTia da es<br />
tendencia 2005 wlidan aRiniSneba. sazogadoebrivma mauwyeblebma gamoacxades, rom<br />
maT SeimuSaves specialuri <strong>politika</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> dargSi, rac iTvaliswinebs<br />
koordinirebul investiciebs mxatvruli filmebis gadaRebaSi.<br />
sazogadoebriv mauwyebelTa wvlili pirdapiri investiciis formas iZens. Ggarda<br />
amisa, arseboben damfinansebeli organizaciebi, romelTa mizania im proeqtebis<br />
dafinanseba, sadac sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblebi arian CarTuli. komerciul<br />
mauwyeblebs umniSvnelo roli aqvT am saqmeSi, magram axlaxans, erTerTma mTavarma<br />
komerciulma mauwyebelma holandiaSi “ar-ti-el nederlandma” SeimuSava<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> investirebis <strong>politika</strong>.<br />
holandiis kanonSi erTaderTi debuleba, romelic relevanturia am TvalsazrisiT<br />
warmoadgens mediis Sesaxeb aqtis 170-e nawils. is exeba fonds, romelic exmareba<br />
radiosa da televiziis mauwyeblebs. aRniSnuli fondi 1988 wels daarsda. Mmisi<br />
mizani iyo sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblebisTvis finansuri daxmarebis gaweva warmoebis<br />
xarisxis ganviTarebis kuTxiT. fondi afinansebs mxolod saxelmwifo mauwyeblebs.<br />
dafinanseba xelmisawvdomia mxatvruli filmebisTvis. Tu maT aqvT kulturuli<br />
mniSvneloba. Mmas Semdeg rac dasturi mova holandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> fondidan,<br />
46
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
aRniSnul fonds “stifos” uwevs gadawyvetilebis miReba finansebis gamoyofis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
mediis Sesaxeb aqtis 170.5-e nawilSi naTqvamia, rom yovel wels sazogadoebriv<br />
mauwyebelTa sareklamo Semosavlis minimum 1/16 gadaecema fond “stifos.” saSualod<br />
es Tanxa 16 milion evros udris weliwadSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom garda amisa,<br />
ganaTlebis, kulturisa da mecnierebis saministro pirdapir gadascems “stifos”<br />
misi Semosavlis minimum 1/16-s. saxelmwifo mdivanma aRniSnul fonds 15.621.384 evro<br />
gadasca 2004-2008 wlebSi.<br />
am Tanxidan 0.8 milioni evro gankuTvnilia “stifos” mier sazogadoebrivi<br />
mauwyeblebis dafinansebisTvis mxatvruli filmebis sawarmoeblad. “stifo” agreTve<br />
afinansebs dokumentur filmebs da animaciur filmebs, romelTa nawili<br />
kinoTeatrebSic gamodis.<br />
fondi holandiis kulturis saministrom daafuZna, magram avtonomiuri uflebebiT<br />
sargeblobs, is Tavad adgens sakuTar <strong>politika</strong>s da iRebs gadawyvetilebebs, romel<br />
proeqtebs dauWiros mxari. saministro ar ereva fondis saqmeebSi, Tumca fondi<br />
angariSvaldebulia mis winaSe. “stifos” mier mxatvruli filmebis warmoebis<br />
dafinanseba swored fondis Sida gadawyvetilebazea damokidebuli da ar<br />
warmoadgens iuridiul valdebulebas.<br />
5.2.4 prioritetuli samoqmedo punqtebi<br />
damatebiTi dafinansebis miReba SesaZlebelia kinosa da televiziis<br />
reklamebidan Semosavlis 1.5%-iani dabegvridan, sakabelo da<br />
satelituri mauwyeblobis mogebidan, farTomasStabiani<br />
mauwyeblobidan da saTamaSo biznesidan. Yyovelive es xels Seuwyobs<br />
warmoebis dafinansebis fondis Seqmnas.<br />
saWiroa, rom sagadasaxado instruqciebi filmis warmoebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT efuZnebodes moqmed kanonmdeblobas. Aam sakiTxze<br />
SesaZlebelia saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centrisa da<br />
Sesabamis safinanso uwyebebis erToblivi muSaoba.<br />
kerZo seqtoris stimulireba kino<strong>industriis</strong> dasafinanseblad<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebiTaa SesaZlebeli, roca kerZo investori<br />
filmis biujetis 20%-s uxdis mwarmoebel kompanias. Tavis mxriv,<br />
korporatiuli sponsori sargebels iRebs sagadasaxdo SeRavaTidan da<br />
inazRaurebs 20%-ian wvlils saSemosavlo gadasaxadis saxiT.<br />
SesaZlebelia, rom Seswavlil iqnas filmebis mwarmoebelTa<br />
gadasaxadebisgan gaTavisufleba drois garkevuli periodis<br />
ganmavlobaSi, Tu isini daakmayofileben moTxovnas erovnuli<br />
filmebis warmoebasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis daweseba, Tu adgilobrivi an ucxoeli<br />
prodiuserebi (kompaniebi) investicias axorcieleben kinowarmoebis<br />
<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebaSi.<br />
erovnuli latareis dafinansebis modeli SemoReba, Tu saqarTvelos<br />
mTavroba mxars dauWers aRniSnul iniciativas.<br />
filmebis proeqtebis dafinansebis wyaroebis ganviTareba mTavari<br />
sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis meSveobiT, rogorc miRebulia holandiur<br />
modelSi (nawili 5.2.3.)<br />
5.3 strategiuli mxardaWeris ganviTareba<br />
“eisiTis” mier Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT, amJamad kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
strategiuli mxardaWeris gegma ar aris saTanadod SemuSavebuli.<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri mTavar rols asrulebs<br />
seqtoris ganviTarebaSi, Tumca mas mxolod SezRuduli biujeti aqvs. Mmainc<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom saqarTvelo iseT qveynebSi damkvidrebuli modelis<br />
mixedviT moqmedebs, sadac kino-industria dinamiurad viTardeba. angariSSi<br />
naCvenebia ramdenime meTodi, Tu rogor unda ganxorcieldes seqtoris<br />
mxardaWera mokle da saSualo vadian periodSi. aRniSnuli rekomendaciebi<br />
damokidebulia dafinansebis damatebiT wyaroebze, rasac uzrunvelyofs<br />
manamde mocemuli rekomendaciebis Sesruleba<br />
5.3.1 qseluri kapitalis ganviTareba<br />
sakiTxi: <strong>qarTuli</strong> kino<strong>industriis</strong> ZiriTadi susti mxare aris qseluri<br />
SesaZleblobebis da codnis gaziarebis nakleboba. Ees ki dakavSirebulia<br />
strategiuli mxardaWeris resursis naklebobasTan, rasac SeuZlia seqtorSi<br />
e.w. “qseluri kapitalis” ganviTareba.<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: sferoSi Catarebulma kvlevam cxadhyo,<br />
rom SemoqmedebiTi <strong>industriis</strong> qselis ganviTareba inovaciebisa da codnis<br />
gadacemis, iseve rogorc ekonomikuri zrdis sawindaria. qselis ganviTareba<br />
saSualebas aZlevs firmebs erTmaneTs gauziaron gamocdileba da praqtika<br />
da safuZveli daudon ekonomikur konkurentunarianobas.<br />
amitom saqarTvelosTvis gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa Rirebulebis jaWvis<br />
yvela aspeqtisTvis saTanado SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofa.<br />
rekomendacia: saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma unda<br />
iTanamSromlos universitetebTan da <strong>industriis</strong> warmomadgenlebTan, raTa<br />
Seiqmnas codnis gaziarebis SesaZleblobebi sferos nebismieri aspeqtisTvis.<br />
aseT SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia aqcentis gakeTeba calkeul faqtorebze,<br />
rogoricaa warmoebis bolo faza, cifruli filmebis Seqmna, a.S. am<br />
sakiTxebis ganxilvisas sasurveli iqneba saerTaSoriso eqspertebis mowveva,<br />
raTa maT TavianTi gamocdilebis Sesaxeb isaubron da garda amisa,<br />
urTierTobebi damyardes seqtorebs Soris.<br />
SemoqmedebiTi <strong>industriis</strong> qselis saintereso da warmatebuli modeli<br />
funqcionirebs londonSi. am models ewodeba “sinki,” romelic<br />
orientirebulia axal azrovnebaze, inovaciebze, komerciul<br />
TanamSromlobaze da SemoqmedebiT partniorobaze. Tu Rirebulebis jaWvis<br />
procesi warmatebiT ganxorcieldeba, saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
erovnuli centri SeZlebs seqtoris ekonomikur ganviTarebaze aqcentis<br />
gakeTebas.<br />
5.3.2 informacia adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb<br />
sakiTxi: informacia adgilmdebareobis, niWis, SemoqmedebiTi jgufis Sesaxeb<br />
ar aris saTanadod organizebuli saqarTveloSi. es ki dabrkolebas<br />
warmoadgens adgilobrivi da potenciuri ucxoeli prodiuserebisTvis,<br />
romlebsac surT filmis gadaReba saqarTveloSi. zogierTi kerZo<br />
organizacia cdilobs am informaciis Segrovebas da bazis Seqmnas, magram<br />
procesi jerjerobiT araefeqturia.<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: mwarmoeblebis mozidvis da qveynis<br />
sazRvargareT popularizaciis mizniT, iseve rogorc adgilobriv<br />
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www.bop.co.uk<br />
momsaxurebasa da niWier kadrebze moTxovnis gazrdis mizniT, saWiroa<br />
farTomasStabiani samuSaos Catareba. Oorganizebuli qmedeba uzrunvelyofs<br />
informaciis gacvlas adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso masStabiT, kvlevis<br />
gaumjobesebas, saxelmwifo maRalCinosnebisTvis mTeli rigi sakiTxebis dRis<br />
wesrigSi dayenebas, a.S. am farTomasStabiani samuSaos Sedegi iqneba ukeTesi<br />
marketingi da popularizacia, rac Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobs pirdapiri da<br />
arapirdapiri dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebas da turizmis<br />
ganviTarebas.<br />
rekomendacia: evropis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> komisiis qseli aris arakomerciuli<br />
asociacia, romelic exmareba evropul kino-industrias da kulturas.<br />
amJamad asociaciaSi 60 wevria 20 qveynidan. isini erToblivad muSaoben da<br />
saerTo mizniT xelZRvaneloben, romelic ukavSirdeba filmebis warmoebis<br />
mxardaWeras. adgilobriv doneze yvela wevri Tavisi qveynis interesebs<br />
icavs.<br />
rekomendirebulia, rom saqarTvelos Sesabamisma uwyebebma ganixilon es<br />
meqanizmi da Seiswavlon erToblivi qselis Seqmnis sakiTxi. erTi mxriv,<br />
aseTi qseli xels Seuwyobs codnisa da gamocdilebis gaziarebas sxvadasxva<br />
qveynebs Soris. meore mxriv, adgilobrivi uwyeba imuSavebs, romelic<br />
profesionalur momsaxurebas SesTavazebs dainteresebul pirebs.<br />
qveynebSi sxvadasxva saxis kompaniebi moRvaweoben. Eeseni arian fondebi an<br />
centrebi (bulgareTi, irlandia, a.S.) an damoukidebeli komisiebi<br />
(safrangeTi, fineTi, a.S.). orive saxis organizacia adgilobrivi<br />
xelisuflebisgan iRebs dafinansebas.<br />
qarTul realobaSi, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
erovnuli centris strategiul mniSvnelobas da im fatqs, rom am seqtorSi<br />
ar arsebobs sxva saxelmwifo organizacia, Cveni rekomendaciaa, rom<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centma daiwyos molaparakeba evropis<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> komisiis qselTan, raTa Seiswavlos iq gawevrianebis<br />
potenciali.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris adgilobrivi ganyofileba<br />
SeiZleba Seiqmnas, romelic aRniSnul sakiTxze iqneba pasuxismgebeli.<br />
dafinansebis formebi da sqemis Taviseburebebi saTanadod unda gamoikvlion.<br />
magaliTi 3: kino-industria serbeTSi<br />
“kino-industria serbeTSi” 2009 wels dafuZnda, romlis mizania saerTaSoriso<br />
Tanaprodiuserebis mowveva serbeTSi filmebis gadasaRebad. organizaciis dafuZneba<br />
20-ze meti mwarmoebeli kompaniis da aSS-s ganviTarebis saagentos<br />
konkurentunarianobis proeqtis iniciativa iyo. gaixsna specialuri veb-gverdic.<br />
yovelive es imitom gakeTda, rom kino-industria serbeTSi erTerTi mniSvnelovani<br />
dargia. aSS-s ganviTarebis saagentos morigi nabiji iqneba serbeTis<br />
kinematografistTa komisiis Camoyalibeba.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrmac unda gamoikvlios dafinansebis<br />
amgvari wyaroebi da saerTaSoriso masStabiT unda eZebos partniorebi.<br />
am konteqstSi saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma unda SeZlos<br />
dasabuTeba, Tu ratomaa ekonomikurad mniSvnelovani msgavsi komisiis Camoyalibeba.<br />
amisTvis centrma unda gaiTvaliswinos da Seasrulos rekomendaciebi, romelic<br />
mocemulia nawilSi 5.3.3<br />
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www.bop.co.uk<br />
serbeTis SemTxvevaSi filmis warmoebis xarjebi 20%-iT naklebia, vidre CexeTsa da<br />
ungreTSi. serbeTi meore adgilze dgas msoflioSi ucxouri filmebis gadaRebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. qveyana maRali donis momsaxurebas sTavazobs gadamReb jgufs. Aaqvs<br />
specialuri laboratoriebi specefeqtebiT, didi studia da sxva teqnikuri<br />
aRWurvilobebi. inglisuri ena Zalian popularulia serbeTSi. belgradi Ramis<br />
cxovrebis erTerTi saukeTeso magaliToa. Ffiskaluri SeRavaTebi kino-industriaSi<br />
moicavs 18%-ian dRgs SeRavaTs. http://www.filminserbia.com/ProductionServices.aspx<br />
5.3.3 kvleva da monacemebi<br />
sakiTxi: amJamad saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs empiriuli kvlevis monacemebi<br />
SemoqmedebiT industriasTan dakavSirebiT. es sakmaod farTo sakiTxia da<br />
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania kino<strong>industriis</strong>Tvis.<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: SemoqmedebiTi <strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis<br />
saerTaSoriso praqtika da adgilobrivi kinowarmoeba adasturebs kvlevis<br />
Sedegebisa da monacemebis Segrovebis aucileblobas. aRniSnuli informacia<br />
kanonmdeblebs uxsnis seqtoris ekonomikur gavlenas, misi ganviTarebis<br />
xelisSemSlel barierebs da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis potencials. es<br />
informacia gamoiyeneba mTeli msoflios masStabiT politikis SemuSavebis,<br />
seqtoris lobirebis da misi interesebis politikur speqtrSi gatarebisTvis.<br />
garda amisa, misi meSveobiT kanonmdeblebi SeZleben, rom monacemTa bazis<br />
safuZvelze miiRon gadawyvetilebebi investiciebis Taobaze, rac ase<br />
mniSvnelovania SezRuduli resursebis pirobebSi.<br />
rekomendacia: Cveni rekomendaciaa, rom saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
erovnulma centrma Camoayalibos kvlevisa da politikis departamenti,<br />
romelic seqtoris sxvadasxva aspeqtSi Caatarebs saTanado kvlevas. Tumca<br />
saWiro iqneba siRrmiseuli empiriuli kvleva, romelic ufro naTel<br />
warmodgenas Seqmnis seqtoris moculobasa da gavlenaze, aseve seqtoris<br />
ganviTarebis strategiis SemuSavebaze.<br />
Cveni rekomendaciaa, rom saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma<br />
daiwyos yovelwliuri kvleviTi programa, raTa dazustdes profesiul<br />
momzadebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, sferoSi dasaqmebulTa da<br />
damsaqmebelTa problemebi da treningis gamocdileba Cven gTavazobT did<br />
britaneTis “skilseTis” models, romlis adaptireba SeiZleba qarTul<br />
realobaSi.<br />
magaliTi 4: “skilseTi”<br />
“skilseTi” aris didi britaneTis erTerTi programa, romelic swavlobs kadrebis<br />
sakiTxs kinondustriaSi. aRniSnuli programa SemoqmedebiT media industriebs<br />
sTavazobs profesiul momzadebas, raTa moxdes <strong>industriis</strong> konkurentunarianobis da<br />
stabilurobis SenarCuneba.<br />
“skilseTi” orientirebulia mxatvruli filmebis SemoqmedebiTi jgufis Seswavlaze<br />
da am procesSi is TanamSromlobs didi britaneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWosTan.<br />
muSaobis procesSi xdeba industriebis moculobis da formis gansazRvra, sferoSi<br />
dasaqmebulTa da damsaqmebelTa problemebis gacnoba da samomavlo perspeqtivis<br />
dasaxva. Yyovelive es Zalian mniSvnelovania sferosTvis da aseve mTavrobisTvis, rom<br />
mas sruli warmodgena hqondes SemoqmedebiTi media industriebis moculobasa da<br />
formaze.<br />
`skilseTis” da didi britaneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWos mier Catarebul kvlevebSi<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
saubaria britanuli kino<strong>industriis</strong> 10 000 wveriani samuSao jgufze, maT muSaobaze,<br />
treningebze, praqtikaze, kvalifikaciaze da demografiul suraTze. Ees kvleva<br />
exmareba didi britaneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWos partniorebTan muSaobaSi da<br />
gegmazomieri dafinansebis uzrunvelyofaSi. Aam TvalsazrisiT, monacemebs<br />
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi.<br />
5.3.4 SeTanxmebebi erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb<br />
sakiTxi: erTaderTi saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba, romlesac saqarTvelo<br />
awers xels aris filmebis erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb evropuli<br />
konvencia. xelSekrulebis ratificireba 2001 wels moxda, magram is jer<br />
aravis gamouyenebia, rogorc TanamSromlobis umTavresi saSualeba. Uufro<br />
metic, adgilobriv prodiuserebs iseTi STabeWdileba aqvT, rom saqarTvelo<br />
arc aris am konvenciis wevri. radgan saqarTvelo ar aris evrokavSiris<br />
wevri, amitom media programebis xelmisawvdomoba SezRudulia. darda amisa,<br />
saqarTvelo arc EURIMAGES-is wevria.<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: SeTanxmeba erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb,<br />
rogorc wesi, zrdis filmis dafinansebis SesaZleblobebs. Zalian xSirad<br />
filmis erToblivi warmoebis mizezi swored dafinansebis potencialis<br />
gazrdaa, vidre SemoqmedebiTi TanamSromloba. Tumca, SemoqmedebiTi<br />
TanamSromlobis magaliTebic arsebobs. saqarTveloSi dafinansebis wyaro<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong>Tvis Zalian SezRudulia. erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb<br />
SeTanxmeba ki SeiZleba iyos alternatiuli gza dafinansebis gazrdisTvis.<br />
Tu regionis rTul geopolitikur mdgomareobas gaviTvaliswinebT,<br />
dResdReobiT naklebad savaraudoa am kuTxiT oficialuri TanamSromloba.<br />
qarTvel mwarmoeblebsa da evropel profesionalebs Soris mWidro<br />
TanamSromlobis xelSewyobis mizniT Zalian mniSvnelovania sxvadasxva<br />
evropul iniciativaSi monawileobis miReba. erT-erTi aseTia `media~<br />
programa, romelic uzrunvelyofs praqtikuli da Teoriuli codnisa da<br />
gamocdilebis gaziarebas. Ddafinansebis da gamocdil partniorebTan<br />
TanamSromlobis gazrdis TvalsazrisiT sasurvelia ganxilul iqnas<br />
EURIMAGES- Si gawevrianebis sakiTxi.<br />
rekomendacia: qarTveli prodiuserebisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania qveyanaSi<br />
arsebuli warmoebisa da erToblivi warmoebis SesaZleblobebis saTanado<br />
codna. am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris<br />
roli arsebiTia. centrma unda uzrunvelyos informaciis da miTiTebebis<br />
miwodeba kino<strong>industriis</strong> warmomadgenlebisTvis.<br />
amitom, vidre daiwyeba momaval partniorebTan erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb<br />
molaparakebebis sakiTxis ganxilva saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma<br />
centrma unda uzrunvelyos, rom evropuli konvencia filmebis erToblivi<br />
warmoebis Sesaxeb gamoiyeneba, rogorc TanamSromlobis saSualeba.<br />
sawyis etapze <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma unda miiRos kompetenturi<br />
organos statusi, rac imis garanti iqneba, rom adgilobrivi mwarmoeblebi<br />
informirebuli iqnebian maT SesaZleblobebze. sasurvelia, rom momzaddes<br />
xelSekrulebis Semajamebeli ganmartebiTi angariSi adgilobrivi<br />
mwarmoeblebisTvis. aqtiuri TanamSromloba sxva wevr qveynebTan da<br />
Sesabamis organoebTan potenciuri partniorobis sawindaria.<br />
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www.bop.co.uk<br />
imisaTvis, rom “media” programis dafinanseba xelmisawvdomi iyos, didi<br />
strategiuli mniSvneloba aqvs “medias” wevrebTan mWidro TanamSromlobas.<br />
amJamad “media” programaSi seriozuli cvlilebebi xorcieldeba. Pprograma<br />
iwvevs evrokavSiris wevrebs saTanamSromlod. esaa mosamzadebeli periodi<br />
imisaTvis, rom SemuSavdes sakanonmdeblo baza evrokavSirs, aziisa da aSS-s<br />
Soris TanamSromlobis programisTvis.<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma monawileoba miiRos<br />
“media interneSenalis” mimdinare konsultaciebSi (morigi diskusia tardeba<br />
2009 wlis kanis filmebis festivalze). EamaSi gamoxatuli iqneba<br />
TanamSromlobis survili da aRniSnuli strategiuli svla uzrunvelyofs<br />
dafinansebis alternatiuli wyaroebis moZiebas. <strong>kinematografiis</strong> centris<br />
mier adgilobrivi iniciativebis mxardaWera arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa<br />
sacdeli proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi.<br />
EURIMAGES- Si gawevrianebis perspeqtiva saTanadod unda iqnas Seswavlili.<br />
erToblivi warmoebis meqanizmebis garda saqarTvelosTvis xelsayreli<br />
iqneba filmis distribuciaSi mxardaWeris miReba. erT-erTi mTavari amocanaa<br />
centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis daxmareba, romlebisTvisac<br />
naklebad xelmisawvdomia “media programa.” EURIMAGES- Si gawevrianebisTvis<br />
garkveuli moTxovnebis dakmayofilebaa saWiro, magaliTad saTanado<br />
kanonmdebloba, saerTaSoriso molaparakebebis sqema, teqnikuri<br />
infrastruqtura. a.S.. amitom saqarTvelo unda moemzados EURIMAGES- Si<br />
gawevrianebisTvis da izrunos saWiro kriteriumebis dakmayofilebaze, rac<br />
mocemul angariSSia aRniSnuli.<br />
ixileT http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/eurimages/Source/Regulations/CriteresAdhesion_en.pdf.<br />
adgilobrivi prodiuserebi ar arian informirebuli “kievis” iniciativaze,<br />
romelsac saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri uwodebs erT-erT<br />
saerTaSoriso proeqts. rekomendirebulia, rom amasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
gamouSvan sainformacio gazeTi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces im<br />
faqts, Tu rogor uwyobs xels kievis iniciativa regionalur<br />
TanamSromlobas Savi zRvisa da samxreT kavkasiis regionebSi da specifikur<br />
aqtivobebs, raSic CarTulia <strong>qarTuli</strong> kino-industria.<br />
ufro Rrmadaa Sesaswavli romeli qveyana iqneba saintereso<br />
saqarTvelosTvis, rom gaformdes xelSekruleba filmebis erToblivi<br />
warmoebis Sesaxeb. rogorc wesi, aseTi oficialuri TanamSromlobis ukan<br />
dgas SeRavaTebi, romliTac orive qveyana sargeblobs. Ooficialur<br />
erTobliv warmoebas igive statusi aqvs, rac erovnul films da amitom,<br />
orive mxare sargeblobs finansuri SeRavaTebiT.<br />
erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis gaformebamde saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma unda gaiTvaliswinos, SeuZlia Tu ara<br />
saqarTvelos mimzidevli pirobebi SesTavazos partnior qveyanas. risi<br />
SeTavazeba SeuZlia saqarTvelos profesionali kadrebisa Tu momsaxurebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT? Tu profesionalizmis done da infrastruqtura ar aris<br />
saTanado simaRleze, maSin veraferi moizidavs ucxoel partniors.<br />
magaliTad, safrangeTSi sarkozis mTavrobam wamoayena iniciativa 20%-iani<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso warmoebisTvis. am<br />
kategoriaSi mosaxvedrad xarjebis minimaluri zRvari 1 milioni evro unda<br />
iyos, maqsimaluri ki 4 milioni evro. Aamgvarad, Tanamwarmoebeli qveyana<br />
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www.bop.co.uk<br />
20%-iani SeRavaTiT sargeblobs da iyenebs profesionalebis serviss. Tu<br />
saqarTveloSi kino-industria saTanadod ganviTardeba, maSin SesaZlebeli<br />
iqneba molaparakebebis dawyeba erTobliv warmoebaze. dResdReobiT ki<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnulma centrma aqcenti unda gaakeTos<br />
adgilobrivi kadrebis profesiul momzadebaze da seqtoris<br />
konsolidaciaze.<br />
5.3.5 seqtorSi TanamSromlobis gafarToeba<br />
sakiTxi: adgilobrivi konsultaciebis fonze Cans, rom saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri erTaderTi uwyebaa, romelsac<br />
strategiuli roli aqvs kino<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebaSi. is erTaderTi<br />
damfinansebeli organizaciacaa. Aar arsebobs sxva samTavrobo<br />
organizaciebTan, an kulturisa da SemoqmedebiTi seqtoris sxva ganxrebTan<br />
mudmivi TanamSromlobis praqtika, rac xels Seuwyobda ganviTarebis<br />
process da ukeTesi operatiuli sistemebis xelmisawvdomobas.<br />
intervenciis logikuri safuZveli: filmis warmoebis procesi<br />
TanamSromlobas moiTxovs. saboloo produqtis misaRebad muSaobis<br />
procesSi sxvadasxva adamianuri resursia CarTuli. TanamSromloba filmis<br />
warmoebis yvela etapze Zalian mniSvnelovania, iqneba es ganviTareba Tu<br />
Cveneba. es ara marto warmoebis cikls exeba. adgilobrivi suraTi sakmaod<br />
arasaxarbieloa dafinansebis, dakvalianebisa Tu qseluri SesaZleblobebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT.<br />
rekomendacia: saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri unda gauZRves<br />
strategiul muSaobas adgilobrivi TanamSromlobis SesaZleblobebis<br />
Sesaswavlad. Mman unda wamoiwyos dialogi ASesabamis samTavrobo<br />
uwyebebTan, romlebic pasuxismgeblebi arian turizmis, investiciebisa da<br />
sxva mniSvnelovan sferoebze. Uupriani iqneba Turquli modelis Seswavla,<br />
sadac TurqeTis turizmis departamenti afinansebs adgilobrivi filmebis<br />
popularizacias evropis festivalebze.<br />
axali zelandiis kinematografistTa komisiac aqtiurad exmareba sxvadasxva<br />
aqtivobebs am sferoSi. saqarTveloSic unda ganixilon msgavsi strategiuli<br />
partniorobis modelebi. Aam saqmeSi potenciuri partniorebi SeiZleba iyvnen<br />
meria, regionaluri xelisufleba, a.S. TanamSromlobis procesSi aqcenti<br />
unda gakeTdes erTobliv muSaobaze, raTa ukeTesi pirobebi Seiqmnas<br />
adgilobrivi <strong>industriis</strong> ekonomikuri qmediTunarianobisTvis.<br />
seqtorebs ASoris urTierTobac Zalze mniSvnelovania. saWiroa, rom<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri aqtiurad CaerTos<br />
kulturis arsebul infrastruqturaSi, raTa ufro farTo kulturuli<br />
urTierTobebi damyardes. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi literaturisa da<br />
Teatraluri seqtoris Zlieri tradiciaa. Ees qve-seqtorebi unda<br />
gaerTiandes kino-industriasTan profesionalizmisa da<br />
SemoqmedebiTunarianobis gasaumjobeseblad. saqarTvelos didi kultura<br />
aqvs literaturisa da Teatris TvalsaziriT da warmatebis erTerTi<br />
garanti am kuTxiT unarCvevebisa da organizaciuli ganviTarebis<br />
urTierTgaziarebac iqneba.<br />
5.3.6 prioritetuli samoqmedo punqtebi<br />
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codnis gaziarebis qselis ganviTareba, raTa ufro mWidro<br />
TanamSromloba damyardes kino-industrias, SemoqmedebiT da cifrul<br />
industrias Soris da Seiqmnas saTanado kvleviTi baza;<br />
evropis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> komisiis qselSi gawevrianeba adgilobrivi<br />
kinoinduistriis ganviTarebis da “inteleqtualuri” investirebis<br />
xelSewyobis mizniT;<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris kvlevis strategiam<br />
da <strong>politika</strong>m unda SeimuSavos monacemTa baza kino<strong>industriis</strong>Tvis da<br />
am informaciaze dayrdnobiT miiRos gadawyvetilebebi;<br />
Seswavlili iqnas EURIMAGE-Si gawevrianebis, “media” programaSi<br />
monawileobis, erToblivi warmoebis SesaZleblobebi Sesabamisi<br />
evropuli konvenciis farglebSi<br />
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6 daskvna<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
angariSSi Cans, rom aucilebelia saswrafo zomebis miReba<br />
adekvaturi strategiuli gegmis SesamuSaveblad <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebisTvis, radgan Rirebulebis jaWvis<br />
yvela aspeqts Seexos mxardaWera.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> kino-<strong>industriis</strong> gamococxleba ori wlis win daiwyo<br />
da axlac mimdinareobs. jer kidev bevri ramaa gasakeTebeli da<br />
garkveuli droa saWiro, raTa <strong>qarTuli</strong> kinowarmoeba<br />
ekonomikurad qmediTunariani seqtori gaxdes. Tumca, vimedovnebT,<br />
rom Tu mocemul angariSSi warmodgenili rekomendaciebi<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba, seqtoris transformaciis procesi<br />
ufro Rrma da xangrZlivi iqneba.<br />
rasakvirvelia, finansuri stimuli Zalian mniSvnelovania. Tu<br />
saqarTveloSi SemoiReben Sesabamis sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs,<br />
fundamenturad Seicvleba prodiuserTa saqmianoba (gamWvirvale<br />
biujetis uzrunvelyofa, detaluri angariS-faqturebi. a.S.), ris<br />
Sedegadac Seiqmneba ufro maRali donis sawarmoo da<br />
profesiuli kultura. K<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnul centrs<br />
SeuZlia wvlili Seitanos am procesSi da gataros cvlilebebi<br />
warmoebis serTificirebis TvalsazrisiT, iseve rogorc<br />
daadginos kriteriumebi erovnuli filmebis dafinansebisTvis.<br />
Cveni rekomendaciebic daexmareba filmebis industrias, romelic<br />
SeZlebs mniSvnelovani Semosavlis miRebas saxelmwifosgan<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis, gaTamaSebebis dafinansebis,<br />
sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblebis pirdapiri dabegvris saxiT.<br />
es sakmaod mniSvnelovani nabijebia. Tumca, Tu saqarTvelos<br />
mTavrobis survilia, rom qveyanaSi filmebis warmoeba maRal<br />
doneze iyos, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTebiT saqmes ar eSveleba. saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces<br />
teqnikuri da komerciuli unarCvevebis ganviTarebas, iseve<br />
rogorc intastruqturisa da politikuri stabilurobis<br />
mniSvnelobas, rac did gavlenas axdens ucxoeli prodiuserebis<br />
gadawyvetilebaze iTanamSromlon Tu ara saqarTvelosTan.<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTi ufro farTo speqtris moTxovnebis<br />
mxolod erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia.<br />
es mniSvnelovani aRiarebaa ara marto imitom, rom arsebobs<br />
tendencia, rom ucxoelma prodiuserebma sasurvel teritoriaze<br />
gadaiRon filmi. magaliTad, 1990-ian wlebSi amerikeli da bevri<br />
sxva damoukidebeli prodiuseris samiznes praRa warmoadgenda.<br />
dResdReobiT, aseTi suraTia ungreTSi, bulgareTSi da yofili<br />
iugoslaviis teritoriazec ki, serbeTSi. es qveynebi erTmaneTs<br />
konkurencias uweven. Aamitom, saqarTvelom ara marto<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi unda daawesos, aramde maRali<br />
profesiuli donis momsaxureba unda uzrunvelyos iseT<br />
sferoebSi, rogoricaa sastumro, komunikaciebi, studiis<br />
infrastruqtura, ucxouri enis codna, maqsimalurad mcire<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
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www.bop.co.uk<br />
biurokratia da gadamRebi jgufis usafrTxoeba. Aam faqtorebis<br />
gaTvaliswineba prioritetulia, raTa saqarTvelom SeZlos<br />
Rirseuli konkurencia gauwios ungreTsa Tu sxva romelime<br />
qveyanas. saxelmwifo <strong>politika</strong>, yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos<br />
profesiul momzadebaze, ganaTlebaze da sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTebze. garda amisa, arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
adgilobrivi distribuciis xelSewyobas da qarTvel<br />
kinematografistTa Soris komerciuli da ambiciuri miznebis<br />
gaRvivebas.<br />
progresuli midgomis Camoyalibeba <strong>qarTuli</strong> produqciis<br />
distribuciis mimarT aseve mniSvnelovania. aucilebelia, rom<br />
adgilobriv distribucias, rogorc absolutur prioritets<br />
maqimalurad Seuwyon xeli, radgan mxolod saerTaSoriso<br />
distribuciiT <strong>qarTuli</strong> filmis industria ver gaxdeba<br />
qmediTuariani ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT.<br />
ufro metic, arcerTi ucxoeli partniori ar dainteresdeba<br />
iseTi qveynis filmiT, romlis Sesaxeb salaros monacemebi<br />
xelmiswavdomi ar aris. amitom, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs<br />
saqarTvelos masStabiT adgilobrivi distribuciis gaZlierebas<br />
da salaros monacemebis mopovebas. Aamave dros, Cveni<br />
rekomendaciaa, rom tradiciuli saditribucio modelebis garda<br />
gamoiyenoT cifruli distribuciis meTodi, radgan es ufro<br />
martivi saSualebaa imisaTvis, rom adgilobrivma warmoebam<br />
saerTaSoriso bazarze SeaRwios.<br />
arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs agreTve strategiul da<br />
organizaciul ganviTarebas. Aadgilobrivi konsultaciebis<br />
mignebebisa da saerTaSoriso analizis mixedviT aucileblad<br />
unda arsebobdes organizacia, romelic pasuxismgebeli iqneba<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> seqtoris strategiuli ganviTarebis<br />
kontrolze. logikuria, rom es funqcia swored <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
erovnulma centrma Seasrulos. centrma ukve gamoavlina Tavisi<br />
SesaZleblobebi seqtorSi pozitiuri cvlilebebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri unda gaZlierdes, rogorc<br />
wamyvani saxelmwifo organizacia. centrma unda gaanalizos<br />
angariSSi warmodgenili situacia da umokles droSi dasaxos<br />
prioritetebi.<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris<br />
SesaZleblobebis gaZliereba kvlevebis Catarebis SesaZleblobis<br />
CaTvliT mniSvnelovani iqneba seqtoris warmatebuli<br />
ganviTarebisTvis. seqtoris ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
gadawyvetilebebis miReba unda moxdes kvlevis grZelvadiani<br />
programis safuZvelze, raTa SemuSavdes monacemTa baza. garda<br />
amisa gadawyvetilebebi unda daefuZnos droul informacias.<br />
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, angariSSi warmodgenili<br />
rekomendaciebi morig kvlevas saWiroebs da am rekomendaciebis<br />
Sesrulebis testireba adgilobriv doneze unda moxdes.<br />
angariSSi mocemuli magaliTebi ucxoeTis gamocdilebidan<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
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www.bop.co.uk<br />
saTanadod unda iqnas Seswavlili da mxolod rekomendaciisTvis<br />
iqnas gamoyenebuli. imis gadasawyvetad, Tu romeli praqtikaa<br />
umjobesi saqarTvelosTvis, unda Catardes kvleva misi realurad<br />
ganxorcielebis perspeqtivis Sesaxeb specifikur intervenciebTan<br />
mimarTebaSi, rogoricaa sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi, gaTamaSebis<br />
dafinanseba, a.S.<br />
ra Tqma unda, sakiTxebis mogvarebis meTodi pirdapir ar unda<br />
gadmoviRoT ucxoeTidan. saukeTeso varianti konsultaciebis<br />
Sedegad unda SemuSavdes. Tumca, saqarTvelos <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
erovnulma centrma am etapze miRebuli strategiuli<br />
rekomendaciebi Semdgom fazaSi unda gadaiyvanos da<br />
mTavrobasTan konsultacia gamarTos. vimedovnebT, rom Cveni<br />
rekomendaciebi kidev ufro daaCqarebs saqarTveloSi filmis<br />
<strong>industriis</strong> aRmavlobis process da xels Seuwyobs qarTveli<br />
kinematografistebis mxardaWeris gaZlierebas.<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
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danarTi 2- saerTaSoriso komparatori<br />
qveynebi<br />
safrangeTi<br />
safrangeTis Sesaxeb<br />
dasavleTY evropuli qveyana safrangeTi biskais yuresa da<br />
inglisis arxs esazRvreba da belgias, espaneTsa da<br />
gaerTianebuli samefos samxreT nawils Soris mdebareobs. qveyana<br />
agreTve esazRvreba xmelTaSua zRvis monakveTs italiasa da<br />
espaneTs Soris. safrangeTi 26 regionisgan Sedgeba da misi<br />
teritoria moicavs 547 030 kvadratul kilometers. evrokavSiris<br />
wevr wveynebs Soris safrangeTi yvelaze didia. aq buneba sakmaod<br />
mravalferovania. CrdiloeTiT da dasavleTiT sanapiro<br />
dablobebia, samxreT-aRmosavleTiT- alpebi. dasavleT evropis<br />
umaRlesi mwvervali “mon blani” zRvis donidan 4807 metris<br />
simaRliaa da alpebis mTebSi mdebareobs safrangeTsa da italias<br />
Soris.<br />
safrangeTis mosaxleoba 64 milionze metia. aq ZiriTadad<br />
evropelebi cxovroben da maTi umravlesoba kaTolike qristiania.<br />
franguli ena farTod gavrcelebuli yoveldRiuri enaa da<br />
regionaluri dialeqtebi da enebi TandaTan sul ufro da ufro<br />
naklebad gamoiyeneba.<br />
politikuri TvalsazrisiT safrangeTis respublika naxevradsaprezidento<br />
qveyanaa, romelsac demokratiis Zlieri tradiciebi<br />
aqvs. aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas ori lideri hyavs:<br />
respublikis prezidenti (amJamad nikolas sarkozi), romelic<br />
saxelmwifos meTauria da sayovelTao arCevnebis gziT irCeva 5<br />
wlis vadiT da mTavroba, romelsac saTaveSei udgas prezidentis<br />
mier daniSnuli premier-ministri (amJamad fransua filoni).<br />
safrangeTis parlamenti orpalatiani sakanonmdeblo organoa,<br />
romelic Sedgeba erovnuli asambleisa da senatisgan.<br />
safrangeTs Tanamedrove da kargad ganviTarebuli ekonomika aqvs.<br />
is meeqvse poziciazea mTliani Sida produqtis moculobis<br />
mixedviT (mSp udris 2,593.78 miliard dolars). safrangeTi evros<br />
zonis wevria. valuta evrom franguli franki 2002 wels<br />
Caanacvla.<br />
safrangeTis ekonomika moicavs uzarmazar kerZo warmoebas<br />
(daaxloebiT 2.5 milioni kompaniaa daregistrirebuli) mniSvnelovani<br />
saxelmwifo intervenciiT. mTavrobas didi gavlena aqvs<br />
infrastruqturuli seqtorebis ZiriTad segmentebze. Mmas ekuTvnis<br />
rkinigzis, eletroenergiis, saaviacio da satelekomunikacio<br />
infrastruqturebis ZiriTadi nawili.<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
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www.bop.co.uk<br />
evropis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis<br />
Tanaxmad, 2004 wels safrangeTi iyo msoflios mexuTe udidesi<br />
eqsportiori da meoTxe udidesi importiori. 2003 wels safrangeTi<br />
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis mimRebi meore udidesi qveyana iyo<br />
evropis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis<br />
wevrebs Soris. am investiciebis moculobam 47 miliardi dolari<br />
Seadgina. am TvalsazrisiT safrangeTs win uswrebda luqsemburgi,<br />
Tumca aSS safrangeTis momdevno poziciaze iyo (39.9 miliardi<br />
dolariT). Semdeg modioda gaerTianebuli samefo (14.6 miliardi<br />
dolari), germania (12.9 miliardi dolari) da iaponia (6.3 miliarsi<br />
dolari). Aamave wels frangulma kompaniebma 57.3 miliardi dolaris<br />
investicia ganaxorcieles sazRvargareT da am mxriv, safrangeTi meore<br />
udidesi qveyana gaxda evropis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da<br />
ganviTarebis organizaciis wevrebs Soris. am SemTxvevaSi safrangeTs<br />
win uswrebda aSS, romelmac 173.8 miliardi dolari daabanda<br />
sazRvargareT. gaerTianebuli samefo (55.3 miliardi dolari), iaponia<br />
(28.8 miliardi dolari) da germania (2.6 miliardi dolari)<br />
safrangeTis Semdeg iyvnen siaSi.<br />
didi nayofieri miwebis, Tanamedrove teqnologiebisa da evrokavSiris<br />
subsidiebis wyalobiT safrangeTi soflis meurneobis produqtebis<br />
wamyvani mwarmoebeli da eqsportiori qveyanaa evropaSi. Qqveynis<br />
umTavres saeqsporto produqcias warmoadgens xorbali, Sinauri<br />
frinveli, rZis produqtebi, saqonlisa da Roris xorci, saerTaSoriso<br />
doneze aRiarebuli sakvebi produqtebi da Rvino. safrangeTis soflis<br />
meurneobis seqtori evrokavSirsgan 14 miliard dolars iRebs<br />
subsidiis saxiT.<br />
6.1.1 sagadasaxdo sistemis mimoxilva<br />
safrangeTis moqalaqe valdebulia gadaixados saSemosavlo<br />
gadasaxadi. zogierTi Semosavali, rogoricaa pensia, qira, a.S. ibegreba<br />
Sesabamisi sqemis mixedviT 0-dan 40%-mde. arsebobs agreTve 18%-iani<br />
fiqsirebuli saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, romelic ukavSirdeba<br />
obligaciebs da sabanko procentebs.<br />
fuladi operaciebis umetesoba ibegreba damatebiTi Rirebulebis<br />
gadasaxdiT (19.6%).<br />
pirebi, romelTa sufTa Semosavali aRemateba 790 000-s ixdian qonebis<br />
gadasaxads.<br />
Aarsebobs ori saxis qonebis gadasaxadi.-sacxovrebeli adgilis<br />
gadasaxadi da miwis gadasaxadi. qveyanaSi gadasaxadis ganakveTebi<br />
gansxvavdeba, radgan regionalur da adgilobriv xelisuflebas<br />
sakuTari ganakveTebi aqvT dawesebuli.<br />
sacxovrebeli adgilis gadasaxads ixdis sacxovrebeli farTis<br />
mflobeli, romelic farTis patronad dafiqsirda 1 ianvars.<br />
miwis gadasaxads ixdis saxlis mflobeli. Tu safrangeTSi qonebas<br />
gayidiT, unda gadaixadoT realizebuli kapitalis gadasaxadi (16%).<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
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safrangeTis moqalaqeebi aseve ixdian 11%-ian socialur gadasaxads.<br />
Ddetaluri informaciisTvis ixileT: http://www.worldwide-tax.com/france/france-vat-taxes.asp<br />
Kkulturuli politikis mimoxilva<br />
safrangeTis kulturul seqtorSi dasaqmebuli adamianebis<br />
daaxloebiT 2% muSaobs. evrokavSirSi kulturis sferoSi dasaqmebis<br />
saSualo maCvenebeli 2.4%-ia. 39 2003 wlis Semdgomi monacemebiT,<br />
kulturisa da SemoqmedebiTi seqtoris wvlili safrangeTis mTlian<br />
Sida produqtSi 3.4%-ia da udris 79,424 milions. 40<br />
safrangeTs didi tradicia aqvs centraluri mTavrobis mier<br />
kulturis sferos mxardaWeris TvalsazrisiT, es tendencia jer<br />
kidev monarqiis droidan modis. Tumca mxolod mas Semdeg, rac de<br />
golma 1958 wels mexuTe respublika Camoayaliba, yvela ministrTa<br />
kabinetSi Sediona kulturis saministro. Kkulturisa da<br />
komunikaciebis saministro mTavari samTavrobo uwyebaa, romelic<br />
kulturisa da xelovnebis sferozea pasuxismgebeli. saministro<br />
ZiriTadad 8 sferos kurirebs. Eesaa memkvidreoba, muzeumebi,<br />
biblioTekebi da arqivebi, Teatri, vizualuri xelovneba, kino, musika<br />
da cekva, wignebi da kiTxva, safrangeTis kulturis sferos Semdegi<br />
prioritetebi aqvs: xelmisawvdomobis gazrda, xarisxis gaumjobeseba,<br />
sainformacio teqnologiebis gamoyeneba, raTa xelovneba ufro<br />
xelmisawvdomi gaxdes, pluralizmi da franguli enis dacva.<br />
sxva samTavrobo uwyebebic arian CarTuli kulturis sferoSi,<br />
rogoricaa sagareo saqmeTa saministros kulturis ganyofileba,<br />
romelic britaneTis sabWos ekvivalentad SeiZleba CaiTvalos<br />
safrangeTis adgilobriv administraciaSi mmarTvelobis 3 fenaa-<br />
komuna (qalaqebi da raionebi), departamentebi da regionebi.<br />
Ddepartamentebis da regionebis adgilobrivi biujeti 5-jer aRemateba<br />
1980-iani wlebis biujets. xelovnebis sferos dafinansebis 50.1%<br />
centraluri mTavrobidan modis, xolo 49.9%-adgilobrivi<br />
xelisuflebidan (aqedan 40.6% saolqo sabWoebidan, 7.3% departamentis<br />
sabWoebidan da 2% regionaluri sabWoebidan. centraluri<br />
xelisuflebis mier gamoyofili Tanxebis paralelurad aRniSnuli<br />
dafinanseba saSualebas aZlevs adgilobriv mTavrobas mniSvnelovani<br />
rolis Seasrulos kulturul cxovrebaSi.<br />
Kkino<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong><br />
safrangeTSi kino<strong>industriis</strong> politikis SemuSavebis mizani iyo<br />
adgilobrivi warmoebis dacva holivudis dominanturi poziciisgan.<br />
politikis mTavar elements warmoadgens sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi da<br />
subsidiebi.<br />
safrangeTSi kinos gansakuTrebuli statusi aqvs da frang<br />
kanonmdeblebs saSualeba aqvT xeli Seuwyon kinoindustrias ise, rom<br />
es ukanaskneli ara marto SenarCundes xelovnebis dargad da<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
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www.bop.co.uk<br />
industriad, aramed Tanamedrove msoflios kulturis erTerTi<br />
ZiriTad ganxrad.franguli kinematografia holivudis dominanturi<br />
<strong>industriis</strong> alternativaa, romlis unikaluroba ganpirobebulia<br />
maregulirebeli kanonmdeblobiT da mxardaWeris daxvewili praqtikiT,<br />
romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi viTardeboda. franguli kinematografia<br />
kargad emsaxureba <strong>industriis</strong> profesionalebs rogorc qveynis SigniT,<br />
aseve mis farglebs gareT. 2005 wels safrangeTSi 240 filmi gadaiRes,<br />
aqedan naxevari ucxoel partniorebTan erToblivad gaadaRebuli<br />
filmi iyo. franguli filmis warmateba nawilobriv imiT aixsneba, rom<br />
qveyanaSi seriozuli damcavi meqanizmebia erovnuli <strong>industriis</strong><br />
mimarT. Tumca qveyanaSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli ucxoeli msaxiobebis<br />
mowvevis tradicia, rac evropuli kino<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebisa da<br />
popularizaciis erTerTi mniSvnelovani meTodia.<br />
safrangeTSi filmebis ufro meti festivali tardeba, vidre<br />
romelime sxva qveyanaSi. savaraudod, parizi kinos yvelaze didi<br />
moyvaruli qalaqia msoflioSi.<br />
bolo wlebSi, safrangeTSi arsebuli kino<strong>industriis</strong> mxardaWeris<br />
sistema evrokomisiisa da msoflio savaWro organizaciis<br />
yuradRebis centrSi aRmoCnda.<br />
safrangeTis mTavrobis mflobelobaSi an mxardaWeris qveS<br />
Semdegi speficikuri kulturuli saagentoebi muSaobs:<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri, romelic 1946 wlis 25<br />
oqtombers daarsda saxelmwifo organizaciaa, romelic<br />
funqcionirebs, rogorc finansurad damoukidebeli uwyeba. centri<br />
eqvemdebareba kulturis da komunikaciebis saministros.<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centris mTvari funqciebia:<br />
o regulireba<br />
o kino<strong>industriis</strong>, mauwyeblobis, video, multimedia da<br />
teqnikuri industriebis mxardaWera<br />
o filmebisa da televiziis popularizacia mayureblisTvis<br />
o <strong>kinematografiis</strong> memkvidreobis SenarCuneba da ganviTareba<br />
arsebobs organizacia “em-te-emi,” romelsac mxars uWers<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnuli centri da socuzrunvelyofis<br />
saministro. es organizacia farTo speqtris filmebs sTavzobs<br />
mayurebels, romelTa ZiriTadi Tematikaa emigracia, devnilobaSi<br />
yofna, integracia da sxva socialuri sakiTxebi<br />
warmoebis xelSemwyob faqtorebs Soris aRsaniSnavia<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi. am sakiTxze muSaobs kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
dafinansebis instituti da kulturuli industriebis instituti.<br />
6.1.1.a SeTanxmebebi erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb<br />
safrangeTs 44 qveyanasTan aqvs gaformebuli SeTanxmeba filmebis<br />
erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb. oficialuri SeTanxmebis<br />
safuZvelze gadaRebuli erToblivi filmebis wili frangul<br />
kinematografiaSi sakmaod mniSvnelovania. dResdReobiT<br />
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www.bop.co.uk<br />
gaerTianebuli samefo safrangeTis mTavari evropeli partnioria<br />
am TvalsazrisiT (2003 wels 23 erToblivi filmi gamovida, 2004<br />
wels- 13).<br />
specifikuri intervenciebi kinoinsutriaSi<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> erovnul centrSi funqcionirebs mxardaWeris<br />
specialuri fondi, romelic kinos bileTebis gayidvidan<br />
miRebuli Semosavlis 10.9%-iT finansdeba miuxedavad filmis<br />
warmomavlobisa. es fondi aseve iRebs 5.5%-ian gadasaxads<br />
televiziis Semosavlidan da 2%-ian begaras video da internet<br />
servisebisgan. 1950-iani wlebidan moyolebuli safrangeTi<br />
avtomatur da SerCeviT meqanizmebs iyenebda filmebis warmoebis,<br />
distribuciisa da Cvenebis mxardasaWerad. <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
erovnuli centris fondidan Tanxis 60% avtomatur daxmarebas<br />
xmardeba, 40% ki- SerCeviTs. Aavtomaturi daxmareba uzrunvelyofs<br />
warmatebis anazRaurebas (komerciulad warmatebuli<br />
prodiuserebisTvis sasargeblod), SerCeviTi meqanizmi ki mxars<br />
uWers kulturul strategias da gansakuTrebulad epyroba<br />
axalbeda niWier reJisorebs.<br />
garda amisa, safrangeTSi funqcionirebs sxvadasxva finansuri<br />
instrumenti, rac sagadasaxdo SeRavaTebs efuZneba. am<br />
TvalsazrisiT, warmoebis mxardaWeris gegmas kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
dafinansebis instituti da kulturuli industriebis instituti.<br />
kerZo kompania “ai-ef-si-ai-si” saxelmwifo kreditebiT<br />
uzrunvelyofs kino<strong>industriis</strong> seqtors. kompania iZleva<br />
specialuri investorebis an komerciuli bankebis mier gacemul<br />
sesxs. kompania “ai-ef-si-ai-sis” miiRo valdebuleba kulturisa da<br />
komunikaciebis saministrosgan da finansTa saministrosgan, rom<br />
man wvlili Seitanos kulturuli sferos ganviTarebis saqmeSi da<br />
gaumartivos seqtorSi moRvawe kompaniebs sabanko sesxebis miReba.<br />
“ai-ef-si-ai-si” neitraluri da damoukidebeli organizaciaa. Eesaa<br />
kerZo seqtoris, SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis kompana, romelic<br />
sayovelTao dainteresebis momsaxurebiTaa dakavebuli. Mmisi<br />
kapitali ekuTvnis frangul bankebs, didi saxelmwifo safinanso<br />
institutebs da saxelmwifos. bankebi, romlebic am<br />
organizaciasTan TanamSromloben, ara marto finansur garantiebs<br />
iReben im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kompanias problemebi Seeqmneba, aramed<br />
maT safrTxis analizsac acnoben, rac damaxasiaTebelia<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong>Tvis, kerZod, roca saqme exeba moklevadian sesxs<br />
filmis an audio-vizualuri proeqtisTvis. “ai-ef-si-ai-si”sesxebis<br />
50%-ze iZleva garantias. Ees imas niSnavs, rom Tu kompanias<br />
problemebi Seeqmneba, bankis zarali ganaxevrdeba.<br />
filmebis damfinansebeli kompaniebi sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs<br />
sTavazoben dainteresebul pirebs. es kompaniebi eqvemdebarebian<br />
“sofikas” (filmebisa da audio-vizualuri proeqtebis<br />
dafinansebis organizacias). Kkompaniebi, romlebic “sofikaSi”<br />
investicias ganaxorcieleben, gadasaxadze 50%-iani SeRavaTiT<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
isargebleben. individualur pirebs SeuZliaT Semosavlis 25%<br />
daabandon 100%-iani SeRavaTiT. Nnebismieri sagadasaxado SeRavaTi<br />
unda daifaros individualuri piris an kompaniis mier maqsimum 5<br />
wlis vadaSi. “sofikas” SemadgenlobaSi ZiriTadad arian media<br />
jgufebi Gaumont, Caisse des Depots da Le Studio Canal Plus.<br />
arsebobs subsidirebis SerCeviTi sqemac- Avance Sur Recettes. es sqema<br />
xelmisawvdomia frangulenovani filmebisTvis. Aaris stimulirebis<br />
sxva saSualebebic kreatiuli ganviTarebisTvis, erToblivi<br />
warmoebisTvis, moklemetraJiani filmebisTvis, a.S.<br />
Sedegebi/gavlena<br />
franguli <strong>kinematografiis</strong> unikaluroba ganpirobebulia<br />
maregulirebeli kanonmdeblobiT da mxardaWeris daxvewili praqtikiT,<br />
romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi viTardeboda. franguli kinematografia<br />
kargad emsaxureba <strong>industriis</strong> profesionalebs rogorc qveynis SigniT,<br />
aseve mis farglebs gareT. 2005 wels safrangeTSi 240 filmi gadaiRes,<br />
aqedan naxevari ucxoel partniorebTan erToblivad gaadaRebuli<br />
filmi iyo.<br />
safrangeTSi filmebis ufro meti festivali tardeba, vidre<br />
romelime sxva qveyanaSi. savaraudod, parizi kinos yvelaze didi<br />
moyvaruli qalaqia msoflioSi.<br />
63
ungreTi<br />
ungreTis Sesaxeb<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
ungreTi aris respublika, romlis mosaxleoba 10,197,119 10 milions Seadgens (gaero, 2008). ungreTi 93,030<br />
kvadratul kilometrzea gadaWimuli da misi. dedaqalaqia budapeSti. qveynis eqsportis ZiriTadi nawili<br />
manqana-danadgarebze, satransporto saSualebebze da qimikatebze modis. evrokavSiris wili ungreTis sagareo<br />
vaWrobaSi eqsportis 77 %-s da importis 68 % -s Seadgens. mSp-s realuri zrda 2.2%-is tolia (2007).<br />
sxva mniSvnelovani savaWro partniorebi arian aSS da ruseTi.<br />
ungreTis post-komunisturi ekonomikis gardaqmna SedarebiT umtkivneulod moxda. komunisturi sistemis<br />
damxobidan oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi qveynis ekonomikuri sawarmoebis TiTqmis naxevari kerZo seqtors gadaeca<br />
da 1998 wlisTvis ungreTma Tavis regionSi ganxorcielebuli pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis TiTqmis<br />
naxevari moizida.<br />
aTi wlis Tavze arsebuli suraTi gacilebiT naklebad optimisturi iyo. rogorc kerZo, aseve saxelmwifo<br />
valebis maRali donis gamo qveyana gansakuTrebiT daucveli aRmoCnda 2008 wlis sakredito SezRudvis<br />
winaSe. ekonomikuri kolafsis Tavidan asacileblad mTavroba iZulebuli gaxda saerTaSoriso safinanso<br />
institutebisTvis, savaluto fondisa da msoflio bankisTvis miemarTa da didi kreditebi moeTxova.<br />
(ufro detalurad SegiZliaT ixiloT aq:<br />
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1049641.stm).<br />
kulturuli politikis mimoxilva<br />
ungreTs im saxelmwifo uwyebebis sakmaod centralizebuli sistema aqvs, romlebic<br />
erovnuli kulturuli politikis SemuSavebaze arian pasuxismgebeli. maT Soris wamyvani<br />
adgili ukavia ganaTlebis da kulturis saministros.<br />
saministro monitorings uwevs ungrul xelovnebas, medias da audio-vizualur<br />
produqcias da qveynis sxvadasxva institutebis, organizaciebis da xelovnebis muSakTa<br />
dasaxmareblad saxelmwifo administrirebis saSualebebs iyenebs.<br />
ungreTis kulturuli politikis mniSvnelovan elements warmoadgens: erovnuli<br />
kulturuli dawesebulebebis funqcionireba, ungruli kulturis warmodgena<br />
sazRvargareT da msoflio kulturis warmodgena ungreTSi, agreTve kulturis<br />
dafinansebis reforma. rac Seexeba am ukanasknels, yuradReba maxvildeba am saqmeSi<br />
saqmiani wreebis CarTvaze.<br />
2008 wels kulturuli investiciisa da adamianis ganviTarebis ramdenime<br />
farTomasStabiani proeqti daiwyo erovnuli programis - `axali ungreTis ganviTarebis<br />
gegmis~- farglebSi, romelic evropuli struqturuli fondebis mier dafinansda. am<br />
proeqtebis umravlesobaze faqtiuri muSaoba 2009 wels daiwyeba. gegmebi moicavs<br />
xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebis aRdgenas, biblioTekebis sistemis gaumjobesebas, kulturis<br />
saxlebSi arsebuli ufrosebis ganaTlebis kursebis gaZlierebas da a.S. evropuli<br />
sainvesticio grantebi yvelaze aqtiurad qalaq peCSi iqneba gamoyenebuli, rac `evropuli<br />
kulturis dedaqalaqis~ programisTvis mzadebas daukavSirdeba, romelic 2010 wels<br />
tardeba.<br />
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kinos <strong>politika</strong><br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
2003 wels ungreTma fundamenturi reformebi daiwyo kinos industriasa da kulturaSi.<br />
gacnobierebuli iqna, rom ungruli kinematografiuli kulturis da Sesabamisi<br />
profesiebis ganviTareba SeuZlebeli iyo kino<strong>industriis</strong> erTdrouli ganviTarebis gareSe.<br />
2003 wels miRebuli aqti <strong>kinematografiis</strong> Sesaxeb (II aqti <strong>kinematografiis</strong> Sesaxeb -<br />
2004 w.) iTvaliswinebda specifikur maregulirebel bazas reformebis gasatareblad,<br />
romlis meSveobiTac unda gamococxlebuliyo kinoindustria rogorc ekonomikis erTerTi<br />
dargi.<br />
kanoni kinematografis Sesaxeb 2004 wels iqna miRebuli. aman Secvala kinowarmoebis<br />
garemo. kanonma gaiTvaliswina ungreTis bazris SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi da yuradReba<br />
gaamaxvila saerTaSoriso konkurentunariani kinoseqtoris Seqmnaze, efeqturi saxelmwifo<br />
subsidiebis saSualebiT. .<br />
kinos dafinansebis ungruli modeli icavs evropuli erToblivi dafinansebis<br />
(`koproduqciis~) konvencias da filmebis klasifikacias iZleva qulebiT Sefasebis<br />
safuZvelze. sul identificirebulia sami kategoria:<br />
ungruli kinowarmoeba<br />
koproduqcia ungreTis monawileobiT<br />
sxva saxis produqcia ungreTis monawileobiT<br />
es klasifikacia aadvilebs erovnuli da erToblivi warmoebis filmebs Soris gansxvavebis<br />
dadgenas da gansazRvravs subsidiis tarifebs. ungrul konowarmoebas da koproduqcias<br />
ungreTis monawileobiT erTnairi subsidiis miRebis ufleba aqvT. mesame kategoria maSin<br />
ganixileba, rodesac arapirdapir subsidirebasTan gvaqvs saqme, rogoric aris<br />
gadasaxadebisgan gaTavisufleba.<br />
is nawarmoebebi, romlebSic ungreTis monawileoba ver aRwevs kanoniT moTxovnil dones,<br />
mxolod arapirdapir subsidias miiRebs. gamonaklisia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac<br />
SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli filmebisTvis finansuri koproduqciis kvalifikaciis miniWeba,<br />
romelic saerTaSoriso kontraqtis safuZvelze xorcieldeba. aqtSi mocemuli qulebis<br />
sistema saSualebas iZleva kinonawarmoebi klasificirebuli iqnes ungrul nawarmoebad<br />
maSinac ki, Tu prodiuseri ucxoelia. aseT SemTxvevaSi erTi piroba unda dakmayofildes<br />
- ungreTis monawileobis done (mwerlebi, msaxiobebi, gadaRebuli natura) sakmarisad<br />
maRali unda iyos, rom filmma saWiro qulebi daagrovos da kvalificirebuli iqnes<br />
rogorc erovnuli nawarmoebi.<br />
ungreTis saxelmwifo kinofondi<br />
ungreTis saxelmwifo kinofondi 1998 wels Seiqmna. am uwyebis centraluri roli 2004<br />
wels miRebulma kanonma ganamtkica. misi mTavari principebia: yvela Janris ungruli<br />
filmebis warmoebis mxardaWera, rogorc ungruli, aseve msoflio kinos nawarmoebebis<br />
distribuciis gaZliereba da ungruli kinematografiuli profesiebis wardgena ungreTSi<br />
da mis farglebs gareT.<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
ungreTis saxelmwifo kinofondi mxars uWers yvela iniciativas, romelic xels uwyobs<br />
zemoxsenebuli miznebis miRwevas. sakuTari saxsrebis efeqtiani da samarTliani<br />
ganawilebisTvis fondma sakonkurso sistema Seqmna, romlis farglebSic xdeba<br />
ganacxadebis Sefaseba profesionalebiT dakompleqtebuli Jiuris mier.<br />
ungreTis saxelmwifo kinofondi sxvadasxva kompaniebs gamouyofs saxelmwifo saxsrebs.<br />
mas SeuZlia daafinansos warmoebis biujetis 80 %-mde. 100%-iani dafinanseba maSin aris<br />
SesaZlebeli, Tu es dasabuTebulia saTanado SemoqmedebiTi da finansuri mosazrebebiT. es<br />
procentebi mxolod maqsimums aRniSnavs da damfinansebel organizacias Tavad SeuZlia<br />
gansazRvros subsidiis ufro dabali ganakveTi sakuTari Sida ganawesis safuZvelze.<br />
aqtis Tanaxmad saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyofili saxsrebi mxolod ungruli warmoebis<br />
da ungreTis monawileobiT Seqmnili erToblivi warmoebis filmebze miimarTeba. magram<br />
vinaidan xSir SemTxvevaSi ungreli kinomwarmoeblebis monawileoba mxolod finansuri<br />
SenataniT gamoixateba da qulebiT Sefasebis sistemis farglebSi es ver iqneba<br />
klasifikacirebuli rogorc koproduqcia, aqti am tipis warmoebasac aZlevs pirdapiri<br />
subsidiis miRebis saSualebas, TuUmocemuli saxelmwifo urTierTobis farglebSi<br />
SesaZlebelia filmis koproduqciad miCneva (evropuli koproduqciis konvencia<br />
saSualebas iZleva aseTi saxis nawarmoebebi ganxiluli iqnes rogorc finansuri<br />
koproduqcia).<br />
arsebobs muxli, romelic damfinansebel organizacias saSualebas aZlevs moiTxovos, rom<br />
grantis mimRebma miRebuli subsidiis sul mcire 80 % ungreTSi daxarjos. es muxlic<br />
evrokavSiris konteqstSi ganixileba.<br />
ungreTis saxelmwifo kinofondma 1992 wels daaarsa Magyar Filmunió, romelic miznad<br />
isaxavs ungruli filmebis propagandas sazRvargareT. am kompaniis saqmianobis ZiriTadi<br />
sferoebia:<br />
ungruli filmebis (srulmetraJiani da moklemetraJiani mxatvruli, dokumenturi da<br />
animaciuri filmebis) saerTaSoriso kinofestivalebSi monawileobis organizeba;<br />
ungruli filmebis retrospeqtiuli Cvenebebisa da kvireulebis organizeba<br />
sazRvargareT;<br />
ungruli erovnuli kinofestivalebis organizeba;<br />
saerTaSoriso profesiul organizaciebTan, msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis erovnul<br />
kinematografiul da audiovizualur organizaciebTan kontaqtis damyareba da<br />
TanamSromloba;<br />
konferenciebis, vorkSopebis da Sexvedrebis organizeba audiovizualuri sferos<br />
moRvaweTaTvis;<br />
sakomunikacio funqciis ganxorcieleba ungruli kinowarmoebis profesionalebsa da<br />
maT ucxoel partniorebs Soris.<br />
ungreTis saxelmwifo kinofondma erovnuli kulturuli memkvidreobis saministros<br />
xelSewyobiT 1998 wels daaarsa, agreTve, ungruli kinos komisia, romlis mizania<br />
naturaze gadaRebasTan dakavSirebuli momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa da ungreTis, rogorc<br />
naturaze kinogadaRebis warmoebis adgilis, propaganda.<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
1999 wlis ianvarSi ungruli kinos komisia pirveli iyo aRmosavleT evropis regionSi,<br />
romelic AFCI–is sruluflebiani wevri gaxda. aRniSul komisias aqvs Stabbina<br />
budapeStSi da mudmivi warmomadgenloba holivudSi. igi yovelwliurad monawileobs<br />
los-anJelesis kinoCvenebebSi, sadac kinokritikosebs da distributorebs axal filmebs<br />
aCveneben. amis mizania, rom damoukidebel profesionalebSi da studiebSi propaganda<br />
gauwion ungreTis SesaZleblobas uzrunvelyos naturaze kinogadaRebis adgilebi da<br />
filmwarmoebis sxva momsaxureba da SeinarCunon ungreTis, rogorc filmwarmoebisTvis<br />
xelsayreli adgilis, imiji.<br />
erovnuli kinos saministro<br />
erovnuli kinos saministros Seqmna ganpirobebulia kinematografis regulirebis<br />
aucileblobiT. saministro ori tipis movaleobas asrulebs. erTi mxriv is axdens<br />
filmebis klasificirebas, registracias da monacemTa dadasturebas; meore mxriv igi<br />
asrulebs sxva profesiul amocanebs kinematografis sferoSi.<br />
kinos saministros erT-erT umniSvnelovanes movaleobaa subsidiebis da investiciaze<br />
nebarTvis gacema, rac uzrunvelyofs gadasaxadebisgan gaTavisuflebas. kompaniebi,<br />
romlebic kinowarmoebis an kinowarmoebaSi investirebis miznebisTvis gascemen subsidiebs,<br />
ayeneben pirobas, rom maTze vrceldebodes aqtSi dafiqsirebul gaTavisufleba<br />
gadasaxadebisgan. swored zemoaRniSnul nebarTvebSi, kerZod, yoveli konkretuli filmis<br />
biujetSia dafiqsirebuli filmwarmoebis pirdapiri xarjebi, romlebic ungreTSi iqneba<br />
gaweuli.<br />
erovnuli kinoarqivi<br />
es organizacia saxelmwifos mflobelobaSi arsebuli im filmebis rwmunebul ganmkargav<br />
dawesebulebas warmoadgens, romlebic erovnuli kinoaqtivebis nawils Seadgens. misi<br />
rwmunebuleba gulisxmobs Semdegs: mopovebuli unda iqnes ungreli kino mwerlebis<br />
saavtoro uflebebis da im aslebis sakuTrebis ufleba, romlebic dRes sxvadasxva<br />
studiebis da kinoorganizaciebis sakuTrebaa da erTad SPE Ltd-s sawarmoTa aqtivebs<br />
Seadgens; xolo mas Semdeg, rac am kinoaqtivebis iuridiuli da sabuRaltro Semowmeba da<br />
Sefaseba moxdeba, maTi sakuTrebis ufleba ungreTis kinoarqivebs unda gadaeces.<br />
specifikuri Careva kinos sferoSi<br />
2008 wels <strong>kinematografiis</strong> saxelmwifo mxardaWera Seicvala evrokomisiasTan<br />
molaparakebebis konteqstSi, maT Soris sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis kuTxiT. wlis Sua<br />
periodSi miRweuli iqna SeTanxmeba. saxelmwifo mxardaWeris ramdenime kriteriumi ufro<br />
gamkacrda da dawesda saxelmwifo subsidiebis limitebi momavali wlebisTvis.<br />
mTlianobaSi miCneuli iqna, rom kinos Sesaxeb kanoni miesadageba evrokavSiris Sesabamis<br />
debulebas.<br />
67
sagadasaxado stimuli da anazRaureba<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
ungruli kinos stimulirebis sistema miznad isaxavs gazardos, nawilobriv an mTlianad,<br />
ungreTSi warmoebuli filmebis ricxvi. amasTan erTad is eswrafvis gazardos qveynis<br />
sawarmoo potenciali, am dargSi dasaqmebuli eqspertebis ricxvi da am gziT dadebiTi<br />
gavlena moaxdinos qveynis ekonomikaze mTlianad.<br />
sagadasaxado stimulirebis sistema Semdegi saSualebebiT aRwevs amas:<br />
finansuri anazRaurebis da sainvesticio SesaZleblobebis SeTavazebiT, rom ucxoel<br />
investorebs filmebis gadasaRebad ungreTSi Camosvlis stimuli hqondeT, riTac isini<br />
filmwarmoebis xarjebs Seamcireben;<br />
koproduqciebisa da erovnuli filmebisTvis damatebiTi resursebis SeqmniT, ungruli<br />
sawarmoebis waxalisebiT, rom investiciebi Cadon filmwarmoebaSi;<br />
sagadasaxado stimulirebis iseTi sistemiT, romlis farglebSi ungreTSi<br />
xelmisawvdomi Semowirulobis/investiciis moculoba adgilobrivi kinowarmoebis 20<br />
%-s Seadgens (ungreTSi);<br />
SemowirulobebiT da investiciebiT, romlebic im ungruli biznesgaerTianebebis<br />
dabegvramde mogebidan modis, romelTa mizania Seamciron TavianTi kuTvnili<br />
gadasaxadebis moculoba. amisTvis isini mzad arian Semowirulobebi/investiciebi<br />
gaiRon ungreTSi kinowarmoebis miznebisaTvis.<br />
gadasaxadebis aseT korporaciul gadamxdelebs SeuZliaT:<br />
Seamciron sagadasaxado baza TavianTi Semowirulobis/investiciis TanxiT (an am Tanxis<br />
50 %-iT)<br />
Seamciron kuTvnili gadasaxadis Tanxa TavianTi Semowirulobis/investiciis TanxiT da<br />
amiT mniSvnelovani sagadasaxado danazogi Seqmnan.<br />
qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi ganxilulia ori warmosaxviTi sawarmos magaliTi da naCvenebia<br />
Semowirulobis/investiciis mniSvneloba sagadasaxado danazogis Sesaqmnelad. orive sawarmom Seqmna 1000<br />
erTeuli mogeba dabegvramde, magram erTi sawarmo sTavazobs Semowirulobas filmis warmoebisTvis, xolo<br />
meore ara.<br />
gadasaxadis gadamxdelis mogeba<br />
dabegvramde<br />
filmwarmoebis miznebisTvis<br />
gaRebuli Semowirulobis<br />
moculoba<br />
gadasaxadis gadamxdeli romelic<br />
Semowirulobas uzrunvelyofs<br />
filmwarmoebis miznebisTvis<br />
1,000 1,000<br />
100 0<br />
sagadasaxado baza 900 1,000<br />
gadasaxadis gadamxdeli<br />
romelic ar uzrunvelyofs<br />
Semowirulobas<br />
filmwarmoebis miznebisTvis<br />
68
gadasaxdeli gadasaxadi (900 x 0.16) - 100 = 44 1,000 x 0.16 = 160<br />
gadaxdili Tanxebis moculoba 144 160<br />
danazogi 16<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
Tu gadasaxadis gadamxdeli mis mier Cadebuli investiciis sanacvlod garkveul wils<br />
iRebs filmis mogebidan, sagadasaxado baza SeiZleba Semcirdes investirebuli Tanxis 50<br />
%-iT.<br />
kinematografis Sesaxeb aqti ori tipis produqcias ganixilavs sagadasaxado stimulis<br />
kuTxiT:<br />
1. dakveTiT Seqmnili filmebi (sawarmoo momsaxureba): ucxoeli<br />
kinematografistebis mier ungreTSi gadaRebuli filmebi ungruli saprodiusero<br />
kompaniis monawileobiT.<br />
es modeli im filmebis mxardasaWerad aris gamiznuli, sadac filmis biujeti<br />
mTlianad xelmisawvdomia (Cveulebriv, ucxoeli kinematografistis an studiis<br />
wyalobiT), magram mis mizans warmoadgens, rom Tanxis dabrunebis gziT ucxoelma<br />
kinermatografistma Seamciros ungreTSi warmoebis xarjebi.<br />
am SemTxvevaSi dabrunebul Tanxas pirdapir ucxoeli kinomwarmoebeli iRebs da es<br />
Tanxa uzrunvelyofilia adgilobrivi korporaciuli gadasaxadis gadamxdelis mier.<br />
gadasaxadis gadamxdeli uzrunvelyofs aRniSnul dabrunebul Tanxas filmis<br />
prodiuserisTvis mxolod da mxolod sakuTari gadasaxadis Semcirebis mizniT.<br />
mxareebi urTierTvaldebuli arian kontraqtis safuZvelze. ungruli kinosaprodiusero<br />
kompania kisrulobs: daregistrirdes TviTon da daaregistriros filmi erovnuli kinos<br />
saministroSi; SeukveTos da uzrunvelyos momsaxureba da saqoneli, romelic<br />
filmwarmoebisTvis aris aucilebeli, ucxoel reJisorTan dadebuli kontraqtis<br />
safuZvelze da gamoiyenos ungreTSi uzrunvelyofili momsaxureba.<br />
ungreli gadamxdeli valdebulebas kisrulobs gadauxados ungreTSi filmis warmoebis<br />
xarjebis 20 % filmis ucxoel Semqmnels, romelmac daasrula gadaReba (an misi faza)<br />
da miiRo erovnuli kinos saministros gacemuli sagadasaxado sertifikati. ungreli<br />
69
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
gadasaxadis gadamxdeli, romelic uzrunvelyofs aseT Semowirulobas, SeiZleba CarTuli<br />
iqnes am sqemaSi rogorc ungruli saprodiusero kompaniis, aseve filmis ucxoeli<br />
Semqmnelis mier.<br />
2. filmebi, romlebic dakveTiT ar aris Seqmnili (koproduqciebi an ungruli<br />
filmebi): produqciebi, romlebic mxolod ungruli saprodiusero kompaniis<br />
Seqmnilia, an koproduqcias warmoadgens adgilobrivi investorebis monawileobiT.<br />
es modeli im filmebis mxardasaWerad aris gamiznuli, romlis prodiuserebs ar<br />
SeuZliaT filmis mTliani biujetis uzrunvelyofa da cdiloben gareSe kerZo<br />
sponsorebis CarTvas. aseT SemTxvevaSi dafinansebas (investicias) ungruli<br />
saprodiusero kompania (Tana-prodiuseri) iRebs adgilobrivi korporaciuli<br />
gadamxdelisgan. investiciis sanacvlod gadamxdeli iRebs aramarto sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTs, aramed wils filmis mogebidan (minimumi ar aris gansazRvruli).<br />
infrastruqturaSi investicia<br />
kinowarmoebis infrastruqturaSi investiciis wasaxaliseblad axali sistema iyenebs<br />
sagadasaxado stimuls. kompaniebi, romlebic sul mcire 100 milioni ungruli forintis<br />
investicias Cadeben, miiReben sagadasaxado SeRavaTs investirebuli Tanxis 35-dan 50 %-is<br />
CaTvliT, rac ganisazRvreba qveynis regionis mixedviT, sadac investicia Caido<br />
(budapeSti:35%, pestis olqi:40%, dasavleT transdanubia: 45%, danarCeni ungreTi : 50<br />
%).<br />
moqmedi sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba SesaZlebels xdis filmwarmoebis miznebisTvis<br />
gamoyenebul Senobebs (studiebs, xmis Camwer pavilionebs da a.S.) da manqana-danadgarebs<br />
cveTis SeRavaTiani wesebi miuyenon. mxolod filmwarmoebis miznebisTvis gamoyenebuli<br />
manqana-danadgarebis SemTxvevaSi cveTa 50 %-ia, xolo Senobebis SemTxvevaSi – 15%.<br />
70
ganxorcieleba<br />
Sedegebi / zemoqmedeba<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
ukve gamocxadda, rom aSS-ungreTis erToblivi sawarmo did kinostudias aaSenebs soflad. gaizarda<br />
ungreTSi gadaRebuli erToblivi warmoebis filmebis raodenoba.<br />
axali kanonmdeblobis yvelaze mniSvnelovani miRwevaa kinowarmoebisTvis sagadasaxado SeRavaTis daweseba.<br />
amis Sedegad filmwarmoebaSi dabandebuli fulis moculoba samjer da metjer gaizarda jer kidev kanonis<br />
damtkicebamde da 2006 wels 24 000 milion ungrul forints miaRwia (96 milioni evro). am dafinansebis<br />
daaxloebiT ori mesamedi ungruli produqciis mTlian an nawilobriv dafinansebas moxmarda.<br />
sasargeblo bmulebi<br />
qvemoT mocemuli bmulebi winamdebare dokumentis daskvniT etapze iqna SeTanxmebuli.<br />
damatebiTi informacia SegiZliaT ixiloT:<br />
ganaTlebisa da kulturis saministros kulturuli portali<br />
http://www.culture.hu/<br />
ungruli kulturis instituti<br />
http://www.mmi.hu/inter/english.htm<br />
ungreTis saxelmwifo kinofondi<br />
http://www.mmka.hu/object.02d0495a-6147-4ebf-9f28-1a501e159618.ivy<br />
ganaTlebis da kulturis saministro<br />
http://www.okm.gov.hu/main.php?folderID=137&articleID=6915&ctag=articlelist&iid=1<br />
erovnuli kulturuli fondi<br />
http://www2.nka.hu/OPPortal/portal/cn/DefaultContainerPage/Kezdolap<br />
71
irlandia<br />
irlandiis Sesaxeb<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
irlandia dasavleT evropaSi mdebareobs. mas didi britaneTis dasavleTiT,<br />
Crdiloatlantikis okeanis kunZul irlaniis 5/6 ukavia. mosaxleoba udris<br />
4 156,119-s. irlandia 26 sagrafodaa dayofili.<br />
irlandia saparlamento demokratiaze dafuZnebuli respublikaa. is patara,<br />
Tanamedrove da vaWrobaze damokidebuli ekonomikaa. Mirlandia mTliani Sida<br />
produqtis mixedviT msoflioSi sididiT mexuTe qveyanaa. Aaq cxovrebis done<br />
sakmaod maRalia da Economist Intelligence Unit’s Quality-of-life index-is Tanaxmad<br />
pirvel adgilzea am TvalsazrisiT. oficialur savaluto kursze<br />
(Semsyidvelunarianoba) dafuZnebuli mTliani Sida produqtis moculoba 285<br />
miliardi dolaria.. 42 1995-2007 wlebSi mTliani Sida produqtis saSualod 6<br />
%-iani zrda dafiqsirda, Tumca 2008 wels mniSvnelovnad Semcirda<br />
ekonomikuri aqtivoba da msoflio finansuri krizisis dawyebidan daaxloebiT<br />
aTwleulis Semdeg man irlandiaSic SeaRwia. uZravi qonebisa da samSeneblo<br />
seqtorebSi regresi aRiniSna.<br />
erT dros irlandiaSi erTerTi mTavari sfero soflis meurneoba iyo, Tumca<br />
axla mrweveloba da momsaxureba dominirebs. eqsportSi udidesi wili<br />
ucxour kompaniebs aqvT da es sfero qveynis ekonomikis ZiriTad komponentad<br />
rCeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom am bolo dros samSeneblo biznesSi did progresi<br />
iyo da soliduri investiciebic xorcieldeboda. irlandiaSi uZravi qonebis<br />
fasi 2006 wlamde yvelaze swrafad izreboda vidre sxva danarCen<br />
ganviTarebul qveynebSi. erT sul mosaxleze mTliani Sida produqtic<br />
mniSvnelovnad izrdeboda da 2007 wels aSS-s mSp-s gadaaWarba.<br />
irlandiis mTavrobam mTeli rigi erovnuli programebi ganaxorciela<br />
fasebisa da inflaciis SesaCereblad, infrastruqturaSi investiviebis<br />
Casadebad, dasaqmebulTa kvalifikaciis asamaRleblad da ucxouri<br />
investiciebis mxardasaWerad. 2008 wels mTavroba aqtiurad muSaobda sabanko<br />
depozitebis garantiebze, axali kapitalis moZiebaze sabano sistemaSi da<br />
sarisko kapitalis fondebis Seqmnaze qveynis ekonomikuri krizisis daZlevis<br />
mizniT. 2002 wlis 1 ianvars irlandia evros savaluto zonas SeuerTda<br />
evrokavSiris 11 sxva qveyanasTan erTad.<br />
sagadasaxdo sistemis mimoxilva<br />
irlandiaSi sagadasaxado ganakveTi 20-dan 41%-mde meryeobs da saSemosavlo<br />
gadasaxadzea damokidebuli. 2009 wlis ianvridan moqmedebs saSemosavlo<br />
gadasaxadi- 1% 100 000 evros odenobis wliur Semosavalze, 2%-100,101-250,120<br />
evroze da 3%- 250,120 evroze maRal Semosavalze. garkveul saSemosavlo<br />
jgufze gaTvaliswinebulia gadasaxadebis Semcirebuli ganakveTebi.2009 wels<br />
irlandiaSi standartuli korporatiuli sagadasaxado ganakveTi 12.5%-s<br />
udris.<br />
kapitalis zrdiT miRebuli qonebis gadasaxadi 22%-ia.<br />
72
Semosavlis Semdegi formebi Tavisufldeba saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan:<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
Semosavali mejinibeobidan da monadire ZaRlebis Sejibridan;<br />
Semosavali xelovnebis an kulturis nimuSze saavtoro uflebebidan;<br />
■ Semosavali satyeo meurneobidan.<br />
■ Semosavali sacxovrebel farTSi oTaxebsi gaqiravebidan<br />
■ erTi irlandiuli kompaniidan meore irlandiuri kompaniisTvis<br />
gadacemuli dividendi<br />
■ kerZo pirebisTvis, Semosavali sacxovrebeli farTis gayidvidan<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
■ kerZo pirebisTvis, yovelwliurad kapitalis zrdiT miRebuli qonebidan<br />
1270 evros odenobiT gadasaxadisgan gaTavisufleba<br />
■ saijaro Semosavali soflis meurneobis miwidan<br />
umetes SemTxvevaSi dRg 21,5%-s udris. zogjer aris Semcirebuli ganakveTic-<br />
4.8% an 13.5%. dRg ekisreba aqtivebs da servisebs, iseve rogorc imports.<br />
Mminimaluri saqonelbrunva dRg-s kategoriaSi dasaregistrireblad aris<br />
37 500 evro (servisebze) da 75 000 evro (produqtebze). sagadasaxdo deklaracia<br />
or TveSi erTxel keTdeba. Semdeg produqtebs ar ekisreba damatebiTi<br />
Rirebulebis gadasaxadi:<br />
eqsporti<br />
■ jandacva da samedicino momsaxureba<br />
■ sabavSvo tansacmeli<br />
■ dazRveva da sabanko momsaxureba.<br />
■ sakvebi produqtebi.<br />
■ sasoflo sameurneo sasuqebi<br />
irlandiaSi arsebobs gadasaxadi memkvidreobaze da<br />
saCuqarze. detalebisTvis ixileT http://www.worldwide-<br />
tax.com/ireland/indexireland.asp<br />
kulturuli politikis mimoxilva<br />
Tavisi arsebobis pirveli 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi irlandiis saxelmwifos<br />
ar hqonda oficialuri meqanizmebi kulturuli politikis<br />
ganviTarebisTvis. Aam patara qveyanaSi kultura aRiqmeboda, rogorc<br />
fufuneba, romlis mxardaWeras axali saxelmwifo ver moaxerxebda.<br />
Tumca, 1951 wels miiRes aqti xelovnebis Sesaxeb da Seiqmna xelovnebis<br />
sabWo-avtonomiuri saagento. 1975 wels xelovnebis sabWos gadaeca<br />
73
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
uflebamosileba xelovnebis sferos dafinansebaze da is saxelmwifo<br />
meqanizmad gardaiqmna.<br />
1987 wels gamovida samTavrobo dokumenti “TeTri wigni,” romelmac kidev<br />
erTxel ganamtkica xelovnebis sabWos roli, magram sabWom ver miiRo<br />
dapirebuli gaormagebuli dafinanseba, romelic erovnuli latareidan<br />
unda mieRo 1990 wlisTvis. Tumca, 1987 wlidan sabWom daiwyo Semosavlis<br />
miReba erovnuli latareidan. 2001-2006 wlebSi sabWos dafinansebis 28%<br />
swored erovnuli latareidan modioda.<br />
1990 wels xelovnebisa da kulturis departamenti Camoyalibda, rac<br />
seriozuli wingadadgmuli nabiji iyo qveynisTvis. Aam departamentis<br />
Seqmna iyo mTavrobis pirveli mniSvnelovani mcdeloba, rom erTi<br />
samTavrobo uwyebisTvis Caebarebina kulturis mxardaWeris saqme. amJamad<br />
funqcionirebs xelovnebis, sportisa da turizmis departamenti,<br />
romelic pasuxismgebelia irlandiuri xelovnebisa da kulturis<br />
sazRvargareT popularizaciaze, kinoindustriaze da erovnul<br />
kulturul institutebze. misi movaleobaa kulturis sferoSi<br />
politikis formulireba, ganviTareba da Sefaseba. Aadgilobrivi<br />
mTavrobis iniciativebic mniSvnelovan mxardaWeras uzrunvelyofs<br />
regionalur doneze. 2008 wels mTavrobam saxelmwifo ministrs daavala<br />
kulturis ministrs daxmareboda movaleobis warmatebiT SesrulebaSi.<br />
xelovnebis sabWo kurirebs iseT sferoebs, rogoricaa mauwyebloba,<br />
kulturuli memkvidreoba, kinoindustria, enis sakiTxebi. 1995 wels<br />
sabWos daevala pirveli gegmis SemuSaveba xelovnebis sferosTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. sabWos dafinanseba gaormagda. Ggarda amisa, evrokavSiris<br />
finansuri mxardaWeriT mTavrobam daiwyo axali programa mTeli qveynis<br />
masStabiT, romelic iTvaliswinebda investiciebs xelovnebis<br />
infrastruqturaSi. 1990-iani wlebidan gaaqtiurda tendencia<br />
adgilobrivi administraciebis mier xelovnebis sferos specialistebis<br />
daniSvnasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
mTavrobis mier xelovnebis sferos dafinanseba efuZneboda xelovnebis<br />
sabWos gegmas. irlandiaSi ekonomikuri bumis periodSi mTavrobam ise<br />
gazarda dafinanseba, rom 2006 wels xelovnebis fondma zustad imdeni<br />
miiRo, ramdensac iTxovda xelisuflebisgan. 2007-2013 wlebis erovnuli<br />
ganviTarebis gegmis mixedviT xelovnebisa da kulturis sferosTvis 1.13<br />
miliardia gaTvaliswinebuli. Tumca, xelovnebis sabWos aqtiuri kampania<br />
biujetis 100 milionamde gazrisaTvis 2008 wels warumatebeli aRmoCnda.<br />
xelovnebis sferoSi moRvawe zogierTma organizaciam es faqti<br />
globalur kriziss daukavSira. bolodroindeli progresis miuxedavad,<br />
xelovnebis dafinansebaSi sxva samTavrobo departamentebis CarTva<br />
erTerT umTavres sakiTxs wamoadgens irlandiaSi.<br />
Kkino<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong><br />
bolo wlebSi irlandiis kinoindustria mniSvnelovnad ganviTarda.<br />
qveyanaSi SemuSavda sakmaod kargi <strong>politika</strong>, romelic efeqturad<br />
exmareba erovnul warmoebas. Tumca, warmatebebis miuxedavad, bolo 5<br />
wlis ganmavlobaSi garkveuli dabrkolebebic iyo, radgan cvlilebebi<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
moxda sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis sqemaSi da gamoCnda ufro iafi<br />
alternativa filmebis gadasaRebad aRmosavleT evropaSi.cxrili 8<br />
gviCvenebs saxelmwifos mier 2006-2007 wlebSi kinoindustriaze gaweul<br />
xarjebs.<br />
cxrili 8: saxelmwifos danaxarjebi kulturis sferoSi; seqtorebis mixedviT,<br />
evroSi, 2006 da 2007 wlebis monacemebi<br />
seqtori/sfero/qve-sfero sul 2006 sul 2007 % total<br />
Kkulturis institutebi 47 956 000 50 297 000 14.86<br />
memkvidreoba 87 690 000 98 182 000 29.00 %<br />
biblioTekebi 12 316 000 17 949 000 5.30% %<br />
xelovnebis sabWos mxardaWeris sferoebi<br />
(literatura, musika, saxviTi xelovneba,<br />
Teatri,mravalfunqciuri xelovneba)<br />
75 849 000 77 329 000 22.84<br />
%<br />
kulturuli ganviTarebis proeqtebi 27 444 000 44 774 000 13.23<br />
%<br />
kino 19 426 000 22 159 000 6.55%<br />
Dkulturuli RonisZiebebis xarji sazRvargareT 2 327 000 4 202 000 1.22%<br />
Dkulturuli RonisZiebebis sxva xarjebi 23 552 000 23 645 000 6.98%<br />
sul 296 200 000 338 537 000 100.0%<br />
irlandiis mTavroba flobs an exmareba kinoindistriasTan dakavSirebul Semdeg<br />
kulturul saagentoebs:<br />
irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo-romlis mizania irlandiuri<br />
filmebis warmoeba da xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa qveynis SigniT<br />
dam is farglebs gareT. es sabWo uzrunvelyofs sesxebs da saaqcio<br />
investicias irlandiuri filmebis warmoebisa da ganviTarebis<br />
mxardasaWerad.<br />
“Access Cinema” (xelmisawvdomi kino) exmareba kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
sazogadoebas qveynis masStabiT.<br />
“Filmbase”- exmareba filmebis damoukidebel mwarmoeblebs irlandiaSi.<br />
Ees saagento Tavis funqciebs sxvadasxva momsaxurebiT asrulebs-<br />
zrunavs treningenze, sainformacio servisze, dabalbiujetiani<br />
filmebis lobirebaze. saagento gamoscems Jurnals “irlandiuli<br />
kino” da xelmZRvanelobs moklemetraJiani filmebis or festivals.<br />
irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> instituti- saqvelmoqmedo statusis mqone<br />
kompaniaa. xelovnebis sabWodan miRebuli dafinansebis ZiriTadi<br />
nawili xmardeba irlandiuli kinos arqivs da wvlili Seaqvs<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> centris marTvaSi. 2007 wels xelovnebis sabWom<br />
instituts 867 000 gadauricxa. 2008 wels am Tanxam 898 148 Seadgina.<br />
2007 wels irlandiis kinamatografiis institutma dafinanseba moipova<br />
xelovnebis, sportisa da turizmis departamentisgan, raTa<br />
nawilobriv daefinansebina institutis centris saremonto samuSaoebi<br />
da arqivis gadaadgilebis procesi.<br />
75
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
“Cinemobile”- erovnuli mileniumis komitetis erTerTi yvelaze<br />
saintereso proeqti. Eesaa 100- adgiliani mobiluri kinoTeatri.<br />
dRemde am kinoTeatrs ukve 100 000 adamiani ewvia.<br />
irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo<br />
irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo erovnuli saagentoa, romelic mxars<br />
uWers da popularizacias uwevs irlandiul kinoindustrias da mis<br />
gamoyenebas saerTaSoriso warmoebisTvis,<br />
irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo pirdapiraa CarTuli SemoqmedebiT<br />
procesSi, iqneba es mxatvruli, dokumenturi, moklemetraJiani,<br />
satelevzio Tu animaciuri filmebis scenaris Seqmna, investiciebis<br />
ganxorcieleba, warmoeba, gamoSveba, a.S. irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
sabWoa 100-ze meti jildo aqvs aRebuli sxvadasxva mniSvnelovan<br />
festivalze, rogoricaa kanis, berlinis, veneciisa da torontos<br />
festivalebi.<br />
saagentos <strong>kinematografiis</strong> komisia pirdapir investiciebs izidavs da<br />
exmareba ucxoel prodiuserebs irlandiaSi filmis gadaRebis procesSi.<br />
lokaciis momsaxurebis ganyofileba uzrunvelyofs srul informacias<br />
filmis gadaRebis sxvadasxva aspeqtebze, rogoricaa sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTebi, kastingi, gadamRebi jgufi, aRWurviloba, a.S.<br />
1993 wlis aprilSi irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo aRdga 1980 wlis<br />
aqtis safuZvelze, romelSic cvlilebebi Seitanes 1993, 1997 da 2000<br />
wlebSi. sabWos wliuri biujeti erTxmad iqna damtkicebuli da misi<br />
moculoba 20.4 milioniT ganisazRvra 2009 wels. irlandiis<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo funqcionirebs xelovnebis, sportisa da turizmis<br />
departamentis egidiT.<br />
specifikuri intervenciebi<br />
2008 wels xelovnebis, sportisa da turizmis departamentma irlandiis<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWos 20 000 000 gadasca subsidiis saxiT. Aam Tanxidan 3 000 000<br />
daixarjeba treningze da filmis warmoebis sxvadasxva aqtivobaze. 17 000 000 ki<br />
moxmardeba warmoebasa da distribucias.<br />
:.j^ ^^. -44-<br />
irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo mTavari organizaciaa, romelic kinoindustriaSiA<br />
specifikur intervenciebs uzrunvelyofs:<br />
ganviTareba<br />
sesxi mxatvruli filmis ganviTarebisTvis<br />
prodiuserebis dafinanseba, raTa maT SeZlon yvela praqtikuli samuSaos Sesruleba da<br />
mxatvruli filmi proeqti gansaxorcieleblad moamzadon<br />
sesxi pirveli proeqtisTvis<br />
scenaristebis da reJisorebis dafinanseba, raTa Seiqmnas scenaris pirveli versia<br />
76
■ sesxi animaciis ganviTarebisTvis<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
■ animaciuri kompaniebis dafinanseba, raTa maT SeimuSavon koncefcia, siuJeti da<br />
Seasrulon yvelanairi samuSao animaciuri filmis Sesaqmnelad.<br />
!► mravalferovani proeqtis ganviTareba dafinansebis maqsimaluri doziT<br />
SerCeuli mxatvruli da animaciuri filmebis mwarmoebeli kompaniebis dafinanseba,<br />
raTa maT ganaviTaron proeqtebi, aqcenti gaakeTon mxatvrul filmebze.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom 2007 wlis dasawyisSi 10-ma kompania, miiRo maqsimalurad<br />
dasaSvebi odenobis dafinanseba da amJamad es programa droebiT daxurulia<br />
axali msurvelebisTvis.<br />
warmoeba<br />
■ mxatvruli filmi<br />
irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> centri afinansebs mxatvruli filmebis dafinansebas<br />
garkveuli kategoriebis gaTvaliswinebiT;<br />
1. irlandiuri<br />
warmoeba irlandieli reJisorebis, scenaritebis, prodiuserebis mier<br />
gadaRebuli filmebi, romelTa Sinaarsi ZiriTadad irlandiul kulturas<br />
gamoxatavs da romelTa menejmenti irlandielTa xelSia<br />
2. SemoqmedebiTi Tanawarmoeba irlandiis farglebs gareT Seqmnili filmi,<br />
sadac irlandieli prodiuseri muSaobs, rogorc SemoqmedebiTi partniori<br />
da saWiro finansebis minimalur nawils uzrunvelyofs. Ffilmi aris<br />
oficialurad gaformebuli erToblivi warmoebis produqti. damfinansebeli<br />
mxare valdebulia mxari dauWiros irlandiur films.<br />
3. saerTaSoriso warmoeba ucxouri filmebi da satelevizio speqtaklebi,<br />
romlebic irlandiaSia Seqmnili/gadaRebuli, sadac aris irlandieli<br />
prodiuseris muSaobis wvlilic adgilobrivi momsaxurebis TvalsazrisiT<br />
.<br />
4. animacia animaciuri mxatvruli filmebisa da teleserialebis warmoebis<br />
dafinanseba<br />
5. dokumenturi filmebi dokumenturi filmebis warmoebis dafinanseba da<br />
ZiriTadi aqcentis gakeTeba SemoqmedebiTi xasiaTis dokumentur filmebze,<br />
romlebic Sesaferisi iqneba saerTaSoriso mayureblisTvis festivalebze<br />
warsadgenad.<br />
6. moklemet<br />
raJiani filmebi<br />
irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWos aqvs 5 moklemetraJiani filmebis<br />
warmoebisvis:<br />
Signatures (cocxali moqmedeba, maqsimum 12 wuTi)<br />
■ Frameworks (animacia, 5-6 wuTi)<br />
■ Reality Bites (dokumenturi, maqsimum 12 wuTi)<br />
■ Short Shorts (cocxali moqmedeba an animacia, 3 wuTamde)<br />
■ Virtual Cinema (cocxali moqmedeba an animacia, 2 wuTamde )<br />
regionaluri mxardaWera<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> centris mier dafinansebuli mxatvruli<br />
da telefilmebis damatebiTi dafinanseba stimulirebis saxiT, raTa<br />
moxdes gadaReba dublinisa da uiklous teritoriis farglebs gareT<br />
dafinanseba mxatvruli, dokumenturi Tu animaciuri filmisTvis (da ara<br />
satelevizio speqtaklisTvis an moklemetraJiani filmisTvis ),<br />
romlebmac warmoebis bolo fazas miaRwies irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
centris dafinansebis gareSe, Tumca Tanxebi gauTavdaT<br />
proeqti katalizatori<br />
2007 wels irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> centrma (bisiaisTan, xelovnebis<br />
sabWosTan da mesame arxTan TanamSromlobiT) 3 mxatvruli filmis<br />
ZiriTadi xarjebi daafinansa treningisa da warmoebis sqemis farglebSi,<br />
romelic SeimuSava Screen Training Ireland-Tan da Filmbase-Tan erTad.<br />
■ dokumenturi filmebi xelovnebis Temaze<br />
■ irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> centri xelovnebis sabWos daxmarebiT<br />
afinansebs 6 dokumentur films xelovnebis Temaze<br />
distribucia<br />
■ dabeWdva<br />
mxatvruli srulmetraJiani da moklemetraJiani filmebis dabeWdvis<br />
dafinanseba (irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> centris daxmarebiT an mis<br />
gareSe), raTa moxdes am filmebis oficialuri Cveneba erTerT<br />
festivalze da moklemetraJiani filmebis dabeWdvis dafinanseba,<br />
romlebic irlandiaSi iqneba naCvenebi.<br />
dabeWdva da reklamireba<br />
irlandieli distributorebis dafinanseba, raTa maT dafaron irlandiis<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> centris mier dafinansebuli mxatvruli filmis<br />
Cvenebis xarjebi<br />
■ axali filmebis distribucia/Cveneba/mxardaWera<br />
■ irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> centri ganixilavs intervenciis axal<br />
gzebs, raTa gazardos irlandiuri filmebis mayurebelTa ricxvi qveynis<br />
masStabiT da elis SemoTavazebebs kino<strong>industriis</strong> warmomadgenlebisgan.<br />
■ sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi<br />
irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> centri irlandiaSi moRvawe kinokompaniebs<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs sTavazobs specialuri sqemis mixedviT. es sqema<br />
moicavs mxatvrul filmebs, SemoqmedebiT dokumentur filmebs,<br />
satelevizio speqtaklebs da animaciur filmebs. sqema #481<br />
iTvaliswinebs sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs (28%-mde). SeRavaTebi<br />
xelmisawvdomia, roca evrokavSiris romelime qveynis SemoqmedebiTi<br />
jgufi films iRebs irlandiaSi da iyenebs adgilobriv momsaxurebas.<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
Tumca gansazRvrulia xarjis maqsimaluri odenoba- TiToeul proeqtze<br />
50 milioni.<br />
Sedegebi/gavlena<br />
irlandiis kinoindustriaSi 4300-ze meti adamiania dasaqmebuli da am sferodan<br />
qveynis ekonomikaSi yovelwliurad 107 milioni Sedis. 43<br />
mas Semdeg, rac individualuri investorebisTvis sagadasaxado<br />
ASeRavaTebi dawesda da 1993 wels irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo<br />
ganaxlda, 400-mde mxatvruli filmi, satelevizio speqtakli,<br />
dokumenturi da animaciuri filmi gamovida. irlandiulma mxatvrulma<br />
filmebma saerTaSoriso aRiareba moipoves da yvelaze mniSvnelovan<br />
festivalebze dajildovdnen. irlandiis SemoqmedebiTi gundi umaRlesi<br />
donisaa da bevr cnobil msaxiobsa Tu reJisors moicavs- kolin fareli,<br />
silian merfi, jonaTan ris meiersi, lian niisoni, fionuala flanagani,<br />
neil jordani, jim Seridani, jon muri, Kkirsten Seridani da damian<br />
odoneli.<br />
1993 wlis aprilidan moyolebuli irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo<br />
pirdapiraa CarTuli SemoqmedebiT procesSi, iqneba es mxatvruli,<br />
dokumenturi, moklemetraJiani, satelevzio Tu animaciuri filmebis<br />
scenaris Seqmna, investiciebis ganxorcieleba, warmoeba, gamoSveba, a.S.<br />
irlandiis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWoa 100-ze meti jildo aqvs aRebuli<br />
sxvadasxva mniSvnelovan festivalze, rogoricaa kanis, berlinis,<br />
veneciisa da torontos festivalebi.<br />
MirlandiaSi multipleqsis udidesi qselia vard andersoni. sxva<br />
kinoTeatrebis mflobelebi arian kompaniebi United Cinemas International,<br />
Cineworld, da Vue. erTerTi udidesi damoukidebeli kinoTeatrebis qseli<br />
ekuTvnis Storm Cinemas-s, romlis kinoTeatrebi mdebareobs belfastSi,<br />
limerikSi, uoTerfordSi, navanSi, naasSi,a.S. 2005 wlis Semodgomaze<br />
bazarze multipleqsis axali qseli gamoCnda saxelwodebiT Movies@.<br />
Blockbuster Video-s Svilobili kompania Xtravision video gaqiravebis<br />
bazarze dominirebs.<br />
am bolo dros irlandiul kinoindustrias mniSvnelovani warmateba<br />
hqonda. magaliTad 2006 wels gamosulma filmma The Wind That Shakes the<br />
Barley did warmatebas miaRwia da 3.5 milionze meti Semosavali moutana<br />
kinoTeatrebs. warmoebis xarisxi ufro da ufro izrdeba. irlandriis<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWom sagrZnoblad gazarda dafinanseba. 2005 wels<br />
dafinanseba 35 milioni oyo, 2006 wels ki 120 milions gadaWarba. Tumca<br />
kinoTeatrebis mayurebelTa raodenobis zrdis miuxedavad aRniSnul<br />
bazarze warmateba arc Tu ise didia. winaswari prognoziT 2010 wlis<br />
prognosis mixedviT kinoTeatrebSi 20 milioni adamiani wava (85%-iT meti<br />
daswreba, ufro maRali vidre mTlianad evrokavSirSi). 44<br />
gaerTianebul samefoSi sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis cvlileba da 2006<br />
wkus axali sagadasaxado sqema imis maniSnebelia, rom gaerTianebuli<br />
samefo aRar iqneba Tanadamfinansebeli, is iqneba konkurenti, romelsac<br />
bolo wlebSi didi gavlena hqonda irlandiur kinoindustriaze. am<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
cvlilebebis Semdeg ucxoeTis qveynebma Zalian mcire odenobis filmi<br />
gadaiRes irlandiaSi, rac kidev erTxel adasturebs imas, rom<br />
adgilobrivi kinowarmoebis bazari sustia globaluri tendenciebis<br />
mimarT.<br />
Bbolodroindeli kvlev gviCvenebs kino<strong>industriis</strong> damatebiT<br />
ekonomikur sargebels qveynis ekonomikasTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad im<br />
turistTa 10%, romelbmac pirvelad moinaxules irlandia, acxadebs,<br />
rom qveyanaSi mogzaurobis survili ganapiroba irlandiis ekranze<br />
naxvam. 45<br />
80
axali zelandia<br />
informacia qveynis Sesaxeb<br />
mosaxleoba: 4,280,000 (gaero, 2008)<br />
farTobi: 268,680 kvadratuli kilometri<br />
dedaqalaqi: velingtoni<br />
mSp: 128.7 miliardi dolari (2008)<br />
ekonomikis ZiriTadi dargebi: momsaxureba, warmoeba, mSenebloba, soflis meurneoba<br />
ZiriTadi savaWro partniorebi: avstralia, aSS<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
axali zelandia warmoadgens damoukidebel saparlamento demokratiul saxelmwifos britaneTis<br />
Tanamegobrobis farglebSi. axal zelandias aqvs Tanamedrove, maRalganviTarebuli ekonomika romlis<br />
nominaluri mTliani Sida produqtis (mSp) fuladi gamosaxuleba Seadgens 128.1 miliard aSS dolars (2008).<br />
ekonomikis udidesi dargia momsaxurebis seqtori (mSp-s 68.8%), amas mosdevs warmoeba da mSenebloba<br />
(mSp-s 26.9%) da soflis meurneoba/nedleulis mopoveba (mSp-s 4.3%). axali zelandia aris qveyana, romelic<br />
mTlianad aris damokidebuli Tavisufal vaWrobaze, gansakuTrebiT soflis meurneobis produqtebiT.<br />
kulturuli politikis mimoxilva<br />
ukanasknel wlebSi axal zelandiaSi gaizarda kulturis dargis mniSvneloba. am dargSi<br />
dasaqmebulia muSaxelis daaxloebiT 6 % da dasaqmebis es maCvenebeli izrdeba qveynis<br />
ekonomikis masStabiT. yvela saxis biznesis daaxloebiT 5%-ze meti am dargze modis.<br />
kulturis dargis daxmarebis maregulirebeli sistema axal zelandiaSi efuZneba<br />
Tanamegobrebis sxva qveynebis models, romelic iTvaliswinebs iseT iuridiul an<br />
fizikur pirebs Soris urTierTobas, romlebsac ar akavSirebT erTmaneTTan raime saxis<br />
saerTo interesebi (“arm’s length” model). am modelis mixedviT kulturis sferos<br />
dawesebulebebs flobs da afinansebs mTavroba, romelic niSnavs maT mmarTvel sabWoebs da<br />
moiTxovs maTgan parlamentis normatiuli aqtiT gansazRvruli funqciebis Sesrulebas.<br />
aRniSnuli normatiuli aqtis farglebSi TiToeuli aseTi dawesebuleba avtonomiurad<br />
gansazRvravs da ganaxorcielebs sakuTar strategias. mTavroba afinansebs, agreTve im<br />
organizaciebsac, romlebic ar aris mis mflobelobaSi, rogoric aris axali zelandiis<br />
kinoarqivi.<br />
imisaTvis, rom gaezarda kulturis dargis mxardaWera 2008 wels mTavrobam SemoiRo<br />
kulturuli aRorZinebis paketi, romlis safuZvelze Tavdapirvelad moxda dargSi 80<br />
milioni dolaris investireba da damatebiT dapirdnen momavali sami wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
yovel momdevno wels 20 milioni dolaris investirebas. aRniSnuli dafinansebis<br />
gamoyofiT mTavrobam gamokveTa is prioritetebi, rasac investiciebi moxmardeboda,<br />
kerZod Seiqmneboda axali samuSao adgilebi, ganviTardeboda turizmis seqtori,<br />
gamoikveTeboda axali zelandiis erovnuli TviTmyofadoeba.<br />
1991 wels Seiqmna kulturis da memkvidreobis saministro, romelsac kulturis<br />
dargebze mTavari pasuxismgebloba daekisra. mas aqvs mandati Semdegi miznebis misaRwevad:<br />
“saxelmwifo resursebis yvelaze efeqtiani gamoyeneba, axali zelandiis kulturis<br />
gagebisa da dafasebis unaris amaRleba, axali zelandiis kulturuli miRwevebis<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
sayovelTaobis da mis kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis uzrunvelyofa, axali<br />
zelandiis kulturuli TviTmyofadobis gaZlierebisTvis zrunva.”<br />
kinos <strong>politika</strong><br />
saministro axdens kulturis dargis zogierTi saxelmwifo dawesebulebisTvis<br />
gamoyofili saxelmwifo dafinansebis administrirebas da aregulirebs maT urTierTobas<br />
didi britaneTis uzenaes xelisuflebasTan. am tipis kinoorganizaciebia:<br />
Creative New Zealand (axali zelandiis xelovnebis sabWo)<br />
New Zealand Film Commission (NZFC) axali zelandiis kinokomisia<br />
kulturuli dafinansebis nawils (romelic dRes 5 %-s Seadgens) uzrunvelyofs axali<br />
zelandiis `saxelmwifo latariis sabWo~, romlis movaleobas warmoadgens saxelmwifos<br />
mier gaTamaSebuli erovnuli latariiT Semosuli mogebis ganawileba saqvelmoqmedo<br />
mizniT. mTavrobis moTxovniT saxelmwifo latariis sabWo gamouyofs axali zelandiis<br />
xelovnebis sabWos, axali zelandiis kinokomisias da axali zelandiis sportisa da<br />
rekreaciis organizacias Tavisi Semosavlis fiqsirebul procents. warsulSi am<br />
organizaciebs gacilebiT didi grantebi eZleodaT, vidre is, romelsac isini organizacia<br />
Vote Arts, Culture and Heritage-is meSveobiT iRebdnen. 2000 wlidan Vote Arts Culture and<br />
Heritage-is dafinanseba gautolda `saxelmwifo latariis sabWos~ dafinansebas da zog<br />
SemTxvevaSi kidec gadaaWarba mas.<br />
ukanasknel wlebSi axali zelandiis kinoindustria mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> pirvelma oficialurma wliurma analizma aCvena, rom es dargi<br />
aerTianebda 2,058 bizness, romelTa 90 % warmoebaSi an warmoebis Semdgom fazaSi<br />
(postproduqcia) iyo Cabmuli.<br />
axali zelandiis xelisufleba flobs da finansur daxmarebas uwevs ramdenime<br />
konkretul kinoroganizacias, kerZod:<br />
NNew Zealand Film Commission (axali zelandiis kinokomisia) valdebulia<br />
waaxalisos axalzelandiuri filmebis warmoeba da distribucia da maTi ganviTareba.<br />
igi ar awarmoebs filmebs, magram exmareba maT warmoebas investiciebis da marketingis<br />
saSualebiT; agreTve infrastruqturuli da ganviTarebis iniciativebis mxardaWeriT.<br />
New Zealand Film Archive (axali zelandiis kinoarqivi) agrovebs, inaxavs da<br />
axdens axali zelandiis kinematografiul memkvidreobis demonstrirebas. arqivi<br />
saqvelmoqmedo trastia, romelic damoukidebelia saxelmwifosgan. igi Tavad niSnavs<br />
sameurveo sabWos.<br />
Film New Zealand (kinogadaReba axal zelandiaSi) aris saerTaSoriso organizaciis<br />
Association of Film Commissioners International (AFCI) wevri. es aris uwyeba, romelic<br />
kinofilmebis gadaRebas aregulirebs axal zelandiaSi. igi xels uwyobs rogorc<br />
adgilobrivi kinogadaRebebis, aseve saerTaSoriso kinogadaRebebis warmoebas qveyanaSi,<br />
romelic msoflios erT-erTi saukeTeso adgilia kinogadaRebis TvalsazrisiT. es<br />
aris damoukidebeli samrewvelo organizacia. mas sameurveo sabWo ganagebs, sadac<br />
warmodgenili arian rogorc kinematografistebi, aseve xelisufleba. .<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
The New Zealand Screen Council (axali zelandiis kinosabWo) aris dargobrivi<br />
organizacia, romelsac kino<strong>industriis</strong> ganviTarebis xelSewyoba evaleba. igi<br />
ramdenime mimarTulebiT muSaobs, romelTa Soris aris biznesis ganviTareba,<br />
`broudbendi~ (broadband - teqnologia, romelic uzrunvelyofs xmis, monacemebis,<br />
videos erTdroul gadacemas. Cveulebriv es miiRweva multipleqsuri gadacemiT,<br />
sixSireebis gayofiT), gadasaxadebiT dabegvra, ganaTleba da treningi, axali media,<br />
saxelmwifo dafinanseba da kvleva.<br />
Creative New Zealand warmoadgens axali zelandiis xelovnebis sabWos. igi<br />
investirebas axdens xelovnebisa da SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebaSi, raTa<br />
survilisamebr qveynis yvela moqalaqem SeZlos SemoqmedebiTi saqmianoba da<br />
xelovnebasTan ziareba. igi axal auditorias da bazrebs qmnis axalzelandiuri<br />
xelovnebisTvis rogorc qveynis SigniT, aseve sazRvargareT.<br />
axali zelandiis kinokomisia<br />
axali zelandiis kinokomisia (The New Zealand Film Commission (NZFC)) 1978 wels<br />
daarsda parlamentis aqtis safuZvelze.<br />
kinokomisia Tavad ar awarmoebs filmebs. igi axalzelandiel kinematografistebs<br />
uzrunvelyofs sesxebiT da sakuTari saxsrebis xarjze dafinansebiT (equity financing), rom<br />
daexmaros maT axali mxatvruli da moklemetraJiani filmebis damuSavebasa da warmoebaSi.<br />
kinokomisia organizebas ukeTebs axali zelandiis Rirseul monawileobas umniSvnelovanes<br />
saerTaSoriso kinofestivalebSi da kinobazrebSi. sakuTari savaWro saagentos - NZ film –is<br />
saSualebiT kinokomisia monawileobs erovnuli filmebis realizaciasa da marketingSi. igi<br />
xels uwyobs dargis farglebSi trenings da profesiul ganviTarebas, risTvisac<br />
TanamSromlobs sxva kinematografiul organizaciebTan. kinokomisias kanoniT ekisreba<br />
pasuxismgebloba, rom `waaxalisos, axal zelandiaSi axalzelandielebis mier<br />
axalzelandiur Temebze Seqmnili filmebis marketingi, `promouSeni~, distribucia da<br />
demonstrireba, Tavad miiRos amaSi monawileoba da uzrunvelyos saTanado daxmareba.~ igi<br />
uzrunvelyofs finansur daxmarebas mxolod im filmebisTvis, romelTa Sinaarsi<br />
mniSvnelovanwilad axalzelandiuria, rogorc es aqtSia ganmartebuli; es ganmarteba<br />
oficialur erToblivi warmoebis filmebsac moicavs.<br />
kinokomisiis mizania yovelwliurad sul mcire oTx mxatvrul filmSi (rogorc cifrul,<br />
aseve msxvilbiujetian) da cxra moklemetraJiani filmSi investirebis ganxorcieleba. 2008<br />
wels es mizani gadaWarbebiT Sesrulda da 12 mxatvrul films miaRwia sxvadasxva<br />
organizaciebis mier uzrunvelyofili investiciebis xarjze.<br />
kinokomisiis wliuri biujeti damokidebulia saxelmwifo dafinansebis xelmisawvdomobaze<br />
da kinoSi Cadebuli investiciebis amonagebze. 2008/2009 finansuri wlis biujetiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli Semosavali Seadgens 15.778 milion dolars. kinokomisiis biujetiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli Semosavlis 23% saxelmwifosgan modis, 61% - saxelmwifo latariis<br />
mogebidan, xolo danarCeni mogebidan da procentebidan. kinokomisiam mimdinare 2008/2009<br />
wels biujetiT gaiTvaliswina 10.07 milioni dolaris investireba mxatvruli filmebis<br />
warmoebasa da damuSavebaSi. garda amisa, man 1.6 milioni dolari dagegma moklemetraJiani<br />
filmebis warmoebisTvis da 2.5 milioni dolari - mxatvruli filmebis `promouSenis~ da<br />
marketingisTvis.<br />
kinokomisia gadawyvetilebebs iRebs rvawevriani sabWos saSualebiT, romelsac xelovnebis,<br />
kulturis da memkvidreobis ministri niSnavs. sabWos wevrebi warmoadgenen rogorc<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
kinoindustrias, aseve biznesis da xelovnebis muSakTa farTo wreebs. mas hyavs 19-kaciani<br />
personali, romelsac aRmasrulebeli direqtoris movaleobis Semsrulebeli<br />
xelmZRvanelobs.<br />
erToblivi warmoebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebebi<br />
amJamad axal zelandiaSi arsebobs Svidi ormxrivi xelSekruleba an SeTanxmeba erToblivi<br />
warmoebis Sesaxeb avstraliasTan (1986), kanadasTan (1987), safrangeTTan (1987),<br />
gaerTianebul samefosTan (1993), italiasTan (1997w. ganaxlda 2004), singapurTan (2004)<br />
da germaniasTan (2005). garda amisa, axal zelandias TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb<br />
arasavaldebulo SeTanxmebebi aqvs CineTis saxalxo respublikasa (2005) da koreasTan<br />
(2005), romelic audiovizualur dargebSi erToblivi warmoebas exeba.<br />
erToblivi warmoebis filmebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebebi xels uwyobs damtkicebul<br />
proeqtebs, rom oficialuri erToblivi warmoebis statusi moipovon. es maT saSualebas<br />
miscems erovnuli filmebisTvis gansazRvruli SeRavaTebi miiRon erToblivi warmoebis<br />
monawile TiToeul qveyanaSi. SeRavaTebi iTvaliswinebs filmis dafinansebis miRebas da<br />
Sesabamis stimulirebas TiToeuli qveynis moqmedi kanonmdeblobis farglebSi, agreTve,<br />
saxelmwifo xelSewyobas, rogoric aris meore qveynis moqalaqeebis droebiTi imigracia<br />
da aparaturis droebiT Semotana. axali zelandiis mTavari SeRavaTi erovnuli filmis<br />
mimarT aris finansuri daxmarebis misaRebad kvalifikaciis miniWeba axali zelandiis<br />
kinokomisiis 1978 wlis aqtis 18 punqtis Tanaxmad.<br />
konkretuli Careva (daxmareba)<br />
axali zelandiis kinokomisia aris wamyvani organizacia, romelic uzrunvelyofs<br />
qvemoT miTiTebul konkretul Carevas (daxmarebas):<br />
kinokomisiis moklemetraJiani filmebis fondi – imarTeba sami aRmasrulebeli<br />
saprodiusero jgufis mier, romlebsac yovelwliurad niSnaven sul mcire sami<br />
moklemetraJiani filmis SesarCevad daaxloebiT 100 000 dolaris biujetiT.<br />
aRmasrulebeli saprodiusero jgufebi iReben dokumentacias uSualod filmis<br />
SemqmnelTa jgufebisgan da exmarebian maT filmis ganviTarebaSi, warmoebaSi da<br />
kinokomisiisTvis miwodebaSi.<br />
moklemetraJiani filmebis warmoebis Semdgomi periodis fondi yovelwliurad<br />
110,000 dolars uzrunvelyofs, rom daafinansos moklemetraJiani mxatvruli<br />
filmebis Cveneba sakvalifikacio festivalebze. ganacxadi miiReba 30 000-mde<br />
dolaris moculobis Tanxaze.<br />
kinematografiuli inovaciebis saprodiusero fondi warmoadgens amxanagobas axali<br />
zelandiis kinokomisiis da axali zelandiis xelovnebis sabWos monawileobiT. misi<br />
mizania axali da ganumeorebeli kinematografiuli nawarmoebebis Seqmnis xelSewyoba.<br />
es fondi gascems grantebs axalbeda an gamocdil kinematografistebze inovaciuri<br />
filmebis Sesaqmnelad. 25,000 dolaria maqsimaluri Tanxa, romelzec ganacxadi<br />
SeiZleba waradginoT. debiutantebs, romlebsac pirvelad SeaqvT ganacxadi, SeuZliaT<br />
warmoadginon proeqtebi 15,000-dan 17,000-mde dolaris biujetiT.<br />
damoukidebeli kinematografistebis fondi aris axleburi tipis TanamSromloba axali<br />
zelandiis kinokomisiis da axali zelandiis xelovnebis sabWos monawileobiT. misi<br />
daarsebis mizani iyo investiciebis Cadeba gamocdili kinematografistebis<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
gansakuTrebul, inovaciur, maRalxarisxovan, arakomerciul proeqtebSi, romlebic<br />
miiswrafian moizidon auditoria axal zelandiasa da mis farglebs gareT.<br />
yovelwliurad es fondi gascems grantebs kinofilmebis warmoebis da/an warmoebis<br />
Semdgomi periodebis dasafinanseblad. axali zelandiis kinokomisiis da axali<br />
zelandiis xelovnebis sabWos mier grantebis saxiT gacemuli Tanxa 2009 wlis<br />
ivnisis dafinansebis raundisTvis sul 540,000 aSS dolars Seadgens.<br />
erTi proeqtis ganviTarebis (development) ganacxadebi miiReba axalzelandieli<br />
prodiuserebisgan, romlebsac saTanado gamocdileba aqvT dramatuli kinofilmebis<br />
(film drama) SeqmnaSi. gadawyvetilebebis miReba sam doneze xdeba:<br />
sakadro komiteti (Staff Committee) – wamyvani specialistebis jgufi<br />
ganixilavs damuSavebis adreul etapze myofi proeqtebis ganacxadebs, romelTa<br />
Rirebuleba maqsimum 40,000 dolaria; Cveulebriv TiToeuli ganacxadi ar<br />
aRemateba 20,000 aSS dolars.<br />
ganviTarebis komiteti (Development Committee)- es aris warmoebis ori<br />
profesionalisgan Semdgari jgufi, romelTagan erTi sabWos wevria, xolo<br />
meore aRmasrulebeli direqtori. es komiteti ganviTarebis departamentTan<br />
erTad ganixilavs proeqtebs, romelTa warmoebis WeSmariti potenciali<br />
maqsimum 110,000 dolaria.<br />
sabWo - axali zelandiis kinokomisiis sabWo, romelic ganixilavs ganacxadebs<br />
im proeqtebis ganviTarebis bolo stadiasTan, `SefuTvasTan~ (packaging) da<br />
dafinansebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelTa warmoebis savaraudo xarjebi ar<br />
aRemateba ganviTarebis dafinansebas maqsimum 150,000 dolaris farglebSi.<br />
"mweralTa I iniciativa" – imarTeba yoveli wlis seqtemberSi. nebismier scenarists,<br />
romelsac manamde ar miuRia ganviTarebis dafinanseba, SeuZlia warmoadginos Tavisi<br />
scenari imis miuxedavad, hyavs Tu ara mas prodiuseri. scenarebs, romlebic<br />
monawileobas miiRebs `vorkSopSi~, arCevs axali zelandiis kinokomisiis ganviTarebis<br />
samsaxuri scenarebis eqspert konsultantTan da sam damoukidebel SemfasebelTan<br />
erTad. xdeba eqvsi scenaristis SerCeva 2-dRian `vorkSopSi~ monawileobis misaRebad,<br />
romelic yoveli wlis seqtemberSi imarTeba.<br />
xelmisawvdomia sami tipis gadacemuli fondebi:<br />
gadacemuli ganviTarebis fondi- gankuTvnilia gamocdili kinoprodiuserebisTvis,<br />
romlebsac araerTi warmatebuli filmi aqvT Seqmnili. misi moculobaa daaxloebiT<br />
250,000 dolari. gaicema ori wliT, rom mwerlebs da scenarebis ganviTarebas<br />
moxmardes.<br />
saprodiusero zednadebi xarjebis fondi – gankuTvnilia prodiuserebisTvis,<br />
romlebsac sul mcire erTi warmatebuli mxatvruli filmi aqvT Seqmnili. 50,000<br />
dolari gaicema erTi wliT da unda moxmardes zednadeb xarjebs, dakavSirebuls<br />
scenarisa da proeqtis ganviTarebasTan.<br />
mweralTa fondi – es programa gamocdili mwerlebisTvisaa gankuTvnili, romlebsac<br />
sul mcire erTi axalzelandiuri mxatvruli filmis scenari aqvT dawerili,<br />
romelic kinoTeatrebSi iyo demonstrirebuli. mwerlebs SeuZliaT Seitanon<br />
ganacxadi 50,000 dolarze erTwliani periodisTvis, romelic ar eqvemdebareba<br />
ganaxlebas.<br />
axali zelandiis kinokomisia valdebulebas kisrulobs, rom Tavisi biujetis udidesi<br />
nawili mimarTos mxatvruli filmebis warmoebaze. amis mizania uzrunvelyos<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
maRalxarisxovani axalzelandiuri filmebis warmoeba, romlebic mravalferovan<br />
kinoauditorias moizidavs rogorc qveynis SigniT, aseve mis gareT. ganacxadebs<br />
warmoebis dafinansebis Sesaxeb ganixilavs axali zelandiis kinokomisiis sabWo,<br />
romelic iTvaliswinebs eqsperti konsultantebisa da damoukidebeli Semfaseblebis<br />
rekomendacias. gadawyvetileba sabWos regularul sxdomebze miiReba, romlebic<br />
weliwadSi eqvsjer imarTeba.<br />
kinofondi 2 axali zelandiis kinokomisiis mier Seiqmna 2006 wlis ivlisSi rogorc<br />
axali struqtura, romelic msxvilbiujetian axalzelandiur mxatvrul filmebSi<br />
investiciebs afinansebs da marTavs. misi mizania xeli Seuwyos niWier SemoqmedTa<br />
bazis Seqmnas gamocdili da warmatebuli axalzelandieli kinematografistebis<br />
monawileobiT, risTvisac maT SesaZlebloba miecemaT Seqmnan ufro didmasStabiani<br />
mxatvruli filmebi, vidre es axali zelandiis kinokomisias SeuZlia. kinofondi 2is<br />
mizania:<br />
xeli Seuwyos axalzelandiuri SemoqmedebiTi niWis ganviTarebas, raTa<br />
saerTaSoriso komerciul investorebs survili gauCndeT daafinanson<br />
axalzelandieli kinematografistebis mier dagegmili kinoproduqcia.<br />
moizidon dafinansebis sxva wyaroebi axalzelandiur kinowarmoebaSi, maT<br />
Soris ofSoruli kapitali.<br />
xeli Seuwyon warmatebuli prodiuserebisTvis, reJisorebisTvis,<br />
mwerlebisTvis, msaxiobebisTvis da kinogadamRebi jgufebisTvis samuSao<br />
adgilebis gaCenas, rom isini iZulebuli ar gaxdnen sxva SesaZleblobebi<br />
eZebon sazRvargareT.<br />
mxatvruli filmis proeqtis warmoebis bolo stadiis (an ganviTarebis bolo<br />
stadiis) dafinansebis Sesaxeb sakiTxebis ganixilvis dros kinofondi 2 unda<br />
iTvaliswinebdes qvemoT mocemul saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs, romlebic moqnilad,<br />
yoveli konkretuli SemTxvevis mixedviT unda iqnes gamoyenebuli (qvemoT mocemuli<br />
sia ar aris amomwuravi):<br />
a) kinofilmis Semqmnelebis ricxvSi unda Sediodes axalzelandieli prodiuseri da<br />
axalzelandieli reJisori;<br />
b) TiToeul kinematografists monawileoba unda hqondes miRebuli sul mcire erTi<br />
mxatvruli filmis dasrulebul proeqtSi;<br />
g) Cveulebriv, filmis biujeti unda aRematebodes 6 milion axalzelandiur dolars;<br />
d) kinofondi 2 ganixilavs winadadebebs biujetis 20 %-is an metis dafinansebis<br />
Sesaxeb iseTi filmebisTvis, romelTa biujeti daaxloebiT 20 milioni dolaria;<br />
e) Cveulebriv, biujetis sul mcire 40 %-is dafinanseba xdeba ofSoruli<br />
monawileobiT (sul mcire erTi kargi reputaciis mqone Teatraluri komerciuli<br />
direqtoris mier nakisri finansuri valdebulebiT);<br />
v) kinofondi 2 waaxalisebs dafinansebas sxva wyaroebidan;<br />
z) dafinanseba SeiZleba moxdes kapitaliT, sesxiT, kontraqtis safuZvelze gadaxdiT,<br />
saavanso realizaciiT, an sxva saSualebiT, romelsac kinofondi 2-is wevrebi<br />
mizanSewonilad miiCneven yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi;<br />
T) Cveulebriv, warmoebis pirobiTi dafinansebis valdebulebas sawyisi 4-Tviani<br />
periodisTvis iReben, da 6 Tvemde agrZeleben, Tu progresia miRweuli;<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
i) rogorc wesi, kinofondi 2 gegmavs investicias erT an or mxatvrul filmSi,<br />
romelic dafinansebas iRebs romelime erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros kinofondi 2 iTvaliswinebs Semdeg faqtorebsac:<br />
i. scenaris da proeqtis xarisxi;<br />
ii. bazris potencialis arseboba wamyvan saerTaSoriso bazrebze (axal zelandiasa da<br />
avstraliaSi distribuciis xelSekreulebebis arseboba);<br />
iii. axalzelandiur kinematografSi Setanili wvlili;<br />
iv. realizaciis uflebis gadacema savaWro saagentos - NZ film –isTvis;<br />
v. sakredito riskebi, dakavSirebuli damfinansebel partniorebTan;<br />
vi. kinofondi 2-is monawileobis done biujetis moculobasTan mimarTebaSi; da<br />
vii. SemoTavazebuli garigebis komerciuli pirobebi da anazRaurebis perspeqtivebi<br />
kinofondi 2-sa (da Sesabamisad axali zelandiis kinokomisiisTvis);<br />
kinofondi 2 aris axali zelandiis kinowarmoebis fondis uflebamonacvle, romelic<br />
trastis saxiT daarsda 2000 wels da xelisuflebisgan miiRo 22 milioni dolaris<br />
moculobis granti.<br />
axali zelandiis kinokomisiia ganixilavs mxatvruli filmebis warmoebis Semdgomi<br />
dafinansebis ganacxadebs Semdeg kategoriebSi, rodesac filmis bazari ukve<br />
gansazRvrulia:<br />
cifruli mxatvruli filmebi, romlebsac warmoebis Semdgomi periodi sWirdeba, raTa<br />
Cveulebrivi an cifruli filmis dasrulebuli saxe miiRos.<br />
mxatvrul-dokumenturi filmebi romlebsac warmoebis Semdgomi dafinanseba sWirdeba.<br />
mxatvruli filmebi gadaRebuli iseT firze, romelsac warmoebis Semdgomi dafinanseba<br />
da/an 35 mm-ze gadatana sWirdeba.<br />
granti msxvilbiujetiani kinofilmis warmoebisTvis. es granti SeiZleba gaices<br />
nebadarTuli warmoebisTvis maSin, rodesac sakvalifikacio axalzelandiuri sawarmoo<br />
xarjebi (QNZPE) aRwevs Semdeg zRvars:<br />
sakvalifikacio axalzelandiuri sawarmoo xarjebi (QNZPE) unda iyos sul mcire 15<br />
milioni axalzelandiuri dolari. sakvalifikacio axalzelandiuri sawarmoo xarjebi<br />
(QNZPE) - aris sawarmoo xarjebi, romlebic gaweulia an dakavSirebulia: axal<br />
zelandiaSi SeZenil saqonelTan an momsaxurebasTan; miwis gamoyenebasTan axal<br />
zelandiaSi; saqonlis gamoyenebasTan, romelic filmis Seqmnis procesSi axali<br />
zelandiis teritoriazea. sakvalifikacio axalzelandiuri sawarmoo xarjebi<br />
(QNZPE) ar moicavs msaxiobebis da gadamRebi jgufis xarjebs, gaweuls axal<br />
zelandiaSi.<br />
satelevizio serialebis SemTxvevaSi, yoveli konkretuli epizodi, romlis ZiriTadi<br />
gadaRebebi romelime 12-Tviani periodis ganmavlobaSi dasrulda da minimalurma<br />
danaxarjma saSualod Seadgina 500,000 axalzelandiuri dolari yovel komerciul<br />
saaTze, SeiZlebagaerTiandes, rom miaRwios 15 milion axalzelandiur dolars.<br />
msxvilbiujetiani kinoproduqcia Tavisufldeba saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan.<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
festivalebis da prizebis programebi finansurad exmareba dargis aRiarebul<br />
specialistebs an organizaciebs festivalebis CatarebaSi, sadac sazogadoebas<br />
SesaZlebloba eZleva gaecnos mxatvruli filmebis mravalferovan programebs,<br />
imarTeba informaciuli debatebi da warmoCndeba axali talantebi; an RonisZiebebis<br />
dagegmvaSi, sadac miRwevebis da Rvawlis aRiareba xdeba mxatvruli filmebis<br />
warmoebis yvela aspeqtSi.<br />
saprodiusero bazris daxmareba iTvaliswinebs prodiuserebisTvis xelSewyobas,<br />
romlebsac surT ganviTarebis bolo fazaSi myofi mxatvruli filmebis proeqtebi,<br />
waradginon kanSi, AFM-is da sxva wamyvan bazrebze, sadac kinokomisias aqvs<br />
warmomadgenloba.<br />
dargis infrastruqturis profesionaluri kinoorganizaciebi, romlebic uSualod<br />
warmoadgenen da uzrunvelyofen kinoprodiuserebis, mwerlebis da reJisorebis<br />
konkretul iniciativebs an saqmianobas.<br />
axalzelandiuri filmebis realizaciis saagento warmoadgens kinokomisiis gayidvebis<br />
mTavar samsaxurs, romelic ukve 30 welia afinansebs da yidis axalzelandieli<br />
reJisorebis filmebs. is uzrunvelyofs dafinansebas gayidvebidan gadaxdili avansebiT,<br />
strategiuli gayidvebiT da marketinguli momsaxurebiT. am saagentos movaleobaa<br />
realizaciasTan dakavSirebuli dokumentaciis Segroveba da gaformeba, rasac misi<br />
iuristebis jgufi akeTebs.<br />
sertificireba da dabegvra<br />
kinokomisia sakuTar saxsrebs iyenebs moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, romlis moTxovnas<br />
warmoadgens dafinansebis gamoyofa mxolod im filmebisTvis, romlebsac<br />
mniSvnelovanwilad axalzelandiuri Sinaarsi aqvT. Sesabamisad, kinokomisia ganacxadebs<br />
iRebs mxolod axalzelandieli prodiuserebisgan.<br />
kinokomisia uflebamosilia droebiT an sabolood mianiWos oficialuri erToblivi<br />
nawarmoebis statusi films an satelevizio proeqts, Tu proeqti yvela saWiro<br />
kriteriums akmayofilebs.<br />
sanam mxatvruli filmis warmoeba kinokomisiis dafinansebas miiRebs, man jer<br />
axalzelandiuri filmis kvalifikacia unda miiRos. es maSin moxdeba, rodesac kinokomisia<br />
miscems mas mniSvnelovanwilad axalzelandiuri Sinaarsis mqone filmis Sefasebas,<br />
rogorc es axali zelandiis kinokomisiis 1978 wlis aqtis 18 punqtSia gansazRvruli.<br />
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www.bop.co.uk<br />
1. Tavisi funqciebis ganxorcielebis dros komisiam ar unda gauwios finansuri daxmareba romelime pirs filmis<br />
gadaRebasTan, `promouSenTan~, distribuciasTan an demonstrirebasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu darwmunebuli ar aris rom films<br />
mniSvnelovanwilad aqvs an eqneba axalzelandiuri Sinaarsi. .<br />
2. imisaTvis, rom gansazRvros aqvs Tu ara films mniSvnelovanwilad axalzelandiuri Sinaarsi, komisiam unda<br />
ganixilos Semdegi sakiTxebi:<br />
a. filmis sagani.<br />
b. kinogadaRebis adgili, sadac filmi aris an iqneba gadaRebuli.<br />
g. qvemoT mocemuli pirebis erovneba da sacxovrebeli adgili:<br />
i. avtorebi, scenaris avtorebi, kompozitorebi, prodiuserebi, reJisorebi, msaxioebebi, teqnikuri personali,<br />
memontaJeebi da sxva adamianebi, vinc monawileoba miiRo an miiRebs filmis SeqmnaSi; da<br />
ii. is pirebi, romlebsac aqvT an momavalSi eqnebaT filmis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebuli romelime kompaniis,<br />
amxanagobis an erToblivi sawarmos wili an kapitali; da<br />
iii. is pirebi, romlebsac aqvT an eqnebaT filmis saavtoro ufleba.<br />
d. wyaro, saidanac modis filmis SeqmnisTvis ukve gamoyenebuli an momavalSi gamosayenebeli fuli.<br />
e. sakuTrebis ufleba filmis Sesaqmnelad gamoyenebul an momavalSi gamosayenebel aRWurvilobasa<br />
da teqnikur saSualebebze da maTi adgilmdebareoba.<br />
v. nebismieri sxva sakiTxi, romelic komisiis azriT am aqtis miznebTan SesabamisobaSia.<br />
sertificireba or etapad ganxorcieldeba. warmodgenili kinoproeqtis ganxilvis Semdeg<br />
kinokomisia gascems `droebiT sertifikats~. droebiTi sertifikatis mizania gasces<br />
garantia, rom filmi daeqvemdebareba erTwlian Camoweras Tu is warmodgenili da<br />
kinokomisiis mier sertificirebuli ganacxadis mixedviT Seiqmneba. `droebiTi<br />
sertifikati~ ZalaSia 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi da werilobiTi moTxovnis safuZvelze<br />
SeiZleba gagrZeldes.<br />
saboloo sertifikati gaicema filmis dasrulebis Semdeg, rodesac prodiuseri<br />
daasabuTebs, rom yvela kriteriumi dakmayofilda. ara axalzelandiuri filmis warmoebis<br />
xarjebis 50 % filmis damTavrebis wels gamoiqviTeba, xolo meore 50 % - momdevno<br />
saSemosavlo wels.<br />
axalzelandiuri filmis warmoebis xarjebi mTlianad gamoiqviTeba filmis damTavrebis<br />
wels. sxva filmebis warmoebis an SeZenis xarjebi gamoiqviTeba ori wlis ganmavlobaSi,<br />
romlis aTvlac im wels iwyeba, rodesac filmi dasrulda.<br />
Sedegebi / zemoqmedeba<br />
kinokomisiis Seqmnidan 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi axal zelandiaSi 200 mxatvruli filmi Seiqmna,<br />
aqedan 140-ze meti – axali zelandiis dafinansebiT, maSin, roca am organizaciis Seqmnamde 30 wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi qveyanaSi 20-ze naklebi mxatvruli filmi gakeTda.<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawarmoebi trilogia `beWdebis mbrZanebeli~ iyo miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
kinowarmoebis sferoSi dasaqmebulTa ricxvis gazrdas sxva filmebma ufro metad Seuwyo filmi.<br />
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poloneTi<br />
poloneTis Sesaxeb<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
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poloneTi centralur evropaSi mdebareobs, mas dasavleTiT germania<br />
esazRvreba, samxreTiT- CexeTis respublika da slovakeTi, aRmosavleTiTukraina,<br />
belorusia da litva da CrdiloeTiT- baltiis zRva da<br />
kaliningradis olqi. poloneTis mTeli teritoria 312,679 kvadratuli<br />
kilometria. is sididiT 69-e qveyanaa msoflioSi da me-9 evropaSi.<br />
poloneTSi 38 milionze meti adamiani cxovrobs. mosaxleobis<br />
raodenobiT poloneTi merve qveyanaa evropaSi da 33-e msoflioSi.<br />
mosaxleobis simWidrove udris- 122 mosaxle 1 kvadratul kilometrze.<br />
poloneTi demokratiuli qveyanaa, romelsac marTavs arCeuli<br />
prezidenti. Qqveynis moqmedi konstitucia 1997 wliT TariRdeba.<br />
mTavrobas warmoadgens ministrTa sabWo, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs<br />
premier-ministri. prezidentis arCeva xdeba sayovelTao arCevnebis gziT,<br />
5 wliani vadiT. amJamad qveynis prezidentia lex kaCinski, premierministri<br />
ki donald taski.<br />
poloneTi erTerTi yvelaze jansaRi ekonomikis mqone qveynad iTvleba<br />
post-komunistur qveynebs Soris. 2006 wels mTliani Sida produqti<br />
6.1%-iT gaizarda. komunisturi wyobis damxobis Semdeg poloneTi<br />
ekonomikis liberalizaciis gzas daadga da axla warmoadgens<br />
centralizebuli ekonomikidan sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis<br />
warmatebul magaliTad.<br />
sagadasaxado sistemis mimoxilva<br />
poloneTis sagadasaxado sistema iTvaliswinebs individualuri<br />
Semosavlis 18% da 32%-ian dabegvras. Ggarkveul SemTxvevebSi<br />
individualur pirs SeuZlia arCevani ASeaCeros biznesis Semosavlis<br />
19%-ian dabegvraze. korporatiuli gadasaxadi poloneTSi 19%-s udris.<br />
kapitalis zrdis Semosavalze raime gansakuTrebuli gadasaxadi ar<br />
arsebobs. rogorc wesi, kapitalis zrdis Semosavali emateba<br />
individualuri pirisa Tu kompaniis regularul Semosavals da<br />
Cveulebrivi wesiT dabegvras eqvemdebareba. Mmiuxedavad amisa, Tu uZravi<br />
qoneba gaiyida misi SeZenidan 5 wlis da ufro xangrZlivi periodis<br />
Semdeg, kapitalis zrdis Semosavali ar daibegreba. Tu es periodi 5<br />
welze naklebia, Semosavali 19%-iT daibegreba.<br />
individualuri piris kapitalis zrdis Semosavali gayiduli wilidan 19%-iT<br />
ibegreba. poloneTSi dividenduri Semosavalic 19%-iT ibegreba.<br />
2008 wlis monacemebiT korporatiuli gadasaxadi 19%-s udrida.<br />
kompania polonurad iTvleba, Tu is poloneTSia daregistrirebuli an<br />
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poloneTSi funqcionirebs.<br />
Semdegi saxis Semosavali ar ibegreba:<br />
uZravi qonebis gayidva garkveuli periodis mflobelobis Semdeg<br />
latariebi<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
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sacxovrebeli binis gayidvidan miRebuli Semosavali im pirobiT, rom<br />
alternatiuli sacxovrebeli farTis SesaZenad 2 welia gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
erTi kompaniidan Tavisive jgufis meore kompaniisTvis dividendis gadacema.<br />
■<br />
Semosavali dazRvevidan<br />
■ Semosavali Semowirulobebidan<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis umetesoba saSemosavlo gadasaxadis daqviTvis<br />
saxiT xorcieldeba.<br />
xSir SemTxvevaSi damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadi 22%-ia. zogierT<br />
produqtsa da momsaxurebaze dRg SeiZlena iyos 3% an 7%. Tu wliuri brunva<br />
10 000 evroze naklebia, biznesis mflobeli dRg-sgan Tavisufldeba.<br />
dRgs-sgan Tavisufalia Semdegi produqtebi da servisebi:<br />
■ jandacvis servisi<br />
■ rZis produqtebi<br />
■ dazRveva da sabanko momsaxureba<br />
■ fosta da safosto markebi.<br />
■ ganaTlebis, xelovnebisa da mecnierebis servisebi.<br />
■ Eeqsportis servisi<br />
Ddetaluri informaciisTvis ixileT: http://www.worldwide-tax.com/poland/indexpoland.asp<br />
Kkulturuli politikis mimoxilva<br />
1989 wels poloneTi damoukidebeli qveyana gaxda. mas Semdeg qveynis<br />
kulturuli <strong>politika</strong> neo-liberaluri modeliT ganviTarda, romelic<br />
sabazro ekonomikas efuZneboda. poloneTSi mniSvnelovani politikuri<br />
da ideologiuri cvlilebebi moxda, ramac Sesabamisi transformacia<br />
gamoiwvia, radgan qveyanaSi 1989 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg<br />
komunisturi xelisufleba dasrulda.<br />
1993 wels SemuSavda kulturuli saqmianobis organizebisa da<br />
dafinansebis axali principebi. Ees principebi aisaxa samTavrobo<br />
dokumentSi- saxelmwifo kulturuli politikis principebi. am<br />
dokumentSi CamoTvlilia poloneTis mTavrobis gegmebi:<br />
91
demokratiis ganviTarebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis<br />
gaZlierebis xelSewyoba, xelovani xalxisTvis da Sesabamisi<br />
organizaciebisTvis sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesis<br />
gamartiveba;<br />
■ yvelaze Zvirfasi kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva;<br />
saTanado kanonmdeblobis SemoReba kulturuli saqmianobis axali<br />
formebis mxardasaWerad;<br />
poloneTis kulturuli <strong>politika</strong> Semdeg amocanebzea orientirebuli:<br />
decentralizacia- centraluri administraciidan Zalauflebis<br />
regionalur, xolo regionaluridan adgilobriv doneze gadanawileba’<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
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saxelmwifos finansuri daxmareba SerCeuli kulturuli institutebisa da<br />
RonisZiebebis mimarT;<br />
arasaxelmwifo kulturuli institutebis mxardaWera, dafinansebis<br />
meqanizmebis SemuSaveba, rac damatebiTi resursi iqneba saxelmwifo<br />
dafinansebisTvis<br />
es miznebi 1993 wels Camoyalibebul principebs Seesabameba. 2003 wels<br />
iyo mcdeloba evrokavSiris fondebis mozidvis TvalsazrisiT. am<br />
konteqstSi, aqcenti gakeTda kulturis ganviTarebis mimarT regionalur<br />
midgomaze. Kkulturuli TviTmyofadoba da erovnuli memkvidreobis<br />
dacva umTavres prioritetebad iTvleba 2005 wlis Semdeg. 2006 wels kidev<br />
gagrZelda cvlilebebi saxelmwifo <strong>politika</strong>Si kulturuli<br />
memkvidreobis mimarT.<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong><br />
poloneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> politikis mizania axali kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
ganviTareba da investiciebis mozidva poloneTSi filmebis gadaRebisa da<br />
erToblivi warmoebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
1987 wlis ivlisSi miiRes aqti <strong>kinematografiis</strong> Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg<br />
Sesrulda samuSao axali sabazro principebis da dafinansebis modelebis<br />
SemuSavebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, aqtSi cvlilebebis Setanaa dagegmili.<br />
poloneTSi bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi kerZo seqtoris kinoindustriiT<br />
daintereseba mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. saxelmwifos kontrolis qveS<br />
myofma kinoindustriamac transformacia ganicada da saxelmwifo da kerZo<br />
struqturebs Soris TanamSromlobaze dafuZnebuli organo gaxda. kerZo<br />
seqtoris daintereseba kinoindustriaSi investiciis CadebiT araa<br />
dakavSirebuli raime speficikur samarTlebriv an sagadasaxado<br />
SeRavaTTan.<br />
warsulSi kinematrografiis komiteti anawilebda sabiujeto Tanxebs<br />
filmebis warmoebisTvis da Sesabamis subsidiebs gascemda. 2000 wels<br />
daaxloebiT 20 mxatvruli da 546 moklemetraJiani filmi Seiqmna. ZiriTadi<br />
Tanamwarmoeblebi iyvnen sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblebi an ucxouri<br />
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“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
kompaniebi. 2003 wlis gazafxulze komiteti daiSala. bolo wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi ramdenjerme wamoayenes iniciativa kinematrografiis Sesaxeb<br />
aqtSi cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb, Tumca uSedegod.<br />
2005 wels axali kanonproeqti SemuSavda, magram amave wlis 30 ivniss mas<br />
kenWi ar uyara social-dekomkratiulma mTavrobam leJek mileris<br />
meTaurobiT.<br />
aRniSnuli aqti, Tavisi amJamindeli statusiT saxelmwifo daxmarebiT<br />
uzrunvelyofs kinoindustrias da mis mTavar pirobas warmoadgens<br />
filmis warmoebisa da popularizaciis mxardaWera.<br />
poloneTis mTavroba flobs an exmareba Semdeg kulturul saagentoebs:<br />
poloneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> instituti daarsda <strong>kinematografiis</strong> Sesaxeb aqtis<br />
safuZvelze, romelic pasuxismgebelia kulturul <strong>politika</strong>ze da<br />
funqcionirebs rogorc uaxlesi evropuli <strong>kinematografiis</strong> instituti.is 2005<br />
wels daarsda. institutis daarsebas win uZRoda poloneTis parlamentis mier<br />
miRebuli axali kanoni kino<strong>industriis</strong> Sesaxeb. es instituti Tavisi funqciebiT<br />
hgavs evropaSi arsebul sxva uwyebebs, romlebic emsaxureba kinoindustrias.<br />
krakovis kinematogragiis fondi-krakovis kinofestivalis mTavari<br />
organizatoria, romelmac 2003 wlis dekemberSi daiwyo funqcionireba.<br />
misi daarsebis mizani iyo dafinansebis gazrda da RonisZiebebis organizeba.<br />
Ffondi xels uwyobs profesiul ganviTarebas. fondis mier festivalis<br />
Oorganizebis erTerTi mniSvnelovani faqtori isaa, rom erTmaneTs xvdebian<br />
reJisorebi da prodiuserebi da xSir SemTxvevaSi saintereso SeTanxmebebsac<br />
aRweven.<br />
filmebis popularizaciis saagento-am saagentos mTavari mizania<br />
polonuri dokumenturi, animaciuri da moklemetraJiani filmebis<br />
popularizacia evropaSi. es saagento krakovis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> fondma Seqmna.<br />
misi amocanebia:<br />
■ Seiqmnas video biblioTeka kino<strong>industriis</strong>a da televiziisTvis<br />
■ momzaddes sareklamo masalebi saagentos mier warmodgenili filmebisTvis<br />
■ filmebis wardgena saerTaSoriso festivalebze da saerTaSoriso bazarze<br />
ufasod<br />
■ momzaddes yvelaze saintereso polonuri filmebi, romlebsac aCveneben<br />
poloneTSic da sazRvargareTac, moxdes filmebis popularizacia<br />
distributorebsa da satelevizio kompaniebis redaqtorebs Soris;<br />
■ krakovis filmebis bazris organizeba;<br />
■ kompleqsuri monacemTa bazis Seqmna saerTaSoriso treningebis, stipendiebis,<br />
konkursebis Sesaxeb da yvela momxmarebels gaegzavnos informacia amis Sesaxeb;<br />
■ dokumenturi, animaciuri da moklemetraJiani filmebis monografiuli<br />
Cvenebis organizeba<br />
■<br />
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poloneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> instituti<br />
poloneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> instituti<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
daarsda <strong>kinematografiis</strong> Sesaxeb aqtis safuZvelze, romelic pasuxismgebelia<br />
kulturul <strong>politika</strong>ze da funqcionirebs rogorc uaxlesi evropuli<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> instituti.is 2005 wels daarsda. institutis daarsebas win<br />
uZRoda poloneTis parlamentis mier miRebuli axali kanoni kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
Sesaxeb. es instituti Tavisi funqciebiT hgavs evropaSi arsebul sxva uwyebebs,<br />
romlebic emsaxureba kinoindustrias. instituti Tavad ganagebs fondebs da<br />
grantebs, romelsac Tavisi iniciativiT iRebs. instituti angariSvaldebulia<br />
kulturisa da erovnuli memkvidreobis ministris winaSe. aq funqcionirebs<br />
sabWo, romelsac niSnavs ministri. sabWoSi 11 wevria. institutis Semosavlis<br />
wyaroebia: sabiujeto subsidiebi, Semosavali filmidan, roca instituti<br />
saavtoro uflebebis mflobelia da Semowirulobebi. garda amisa, “eisiTi”<br />
amtkicebs, rom instituti sargebels iRebs saxelmwifo da kerZo Semosavlidan<br />
1.5%-is odenobiT. aRniSnuli<br />
Semosavlis wyaroebia: kinoTeatrebis mflobelTa Semosavali filmebidan da<br />
reklamebidan, distributorebis Semosavali filmebis gayidvidan da<br />
gaqiravebidan, satelevizio mauwyeblebis Semosavali reklamebidan, cifruli<br />
platformis Semosavali programuli gadasaxadidan, sakabelo televiziis<br />
operatorebisgan Semosavali, sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis wliuri<br />
Semosavlisgan. poloneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> instituts aqvs Semdegi kanoniT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebi: SesaZleblobebis Seqmna polonuri filmebis<br />
warmoebisa da TanawarmoebisTvis; yvela Janris filmis stimulireba da<br />
mxardaWera, gansakuTrebiT ki xelovnebis Sesaxeb filmebisTvis; poloneli<br />
mayureblisTvis polonuri, evropuli da nemismieri ucxouri filmebis Cvenebis<br />
xelSewyoba; filmebis debiutebis da axalgazrda reJisorebis xelSewyoba,<br />
polonuri filmebis warmoebis xelSewyoba; filmebis proeqtebis, warmoebis,<br />
distribuciisa da popularizaciis dafinanseba, Tanamedrove polonuri<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> daxmareba, arqivebis saTanado movla, damoukidebeli<br />
kinoTeatrebis potencialis xelSewyoba, gansakuTrebiT ki mcire da saSualo<br />
kompaniebis daxmareba, romlebis kinoindustriaSi muSaoben.<br />
specifikuri intervenciebi<br />
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am miznebis misaRwevad poloneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> institutis direqtori<br />
Semdeg programebs gvTavazobs, romlebic me-9 cxrilSia mocemuli:<br />
cxrili 9<br />
programa prioriteti gamoyofili Tanxa<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
sulL<br />
(milioni<br />
(milioni zloti)<br />
Pproeqtis ganviTareba ganviTareba 3.5<br />
zloti<br />
4.3 4.8<br />
Ggrantebi<br />
scenaristebisTvis<br />
Ffilmis warmoeba sareJisoro debiutebi 11.3 62 68.7<br />
mxatvruli filmis<br />
warmoeba<br />
dokumenturi filmis<br />
warmoeba<br />
animaciuri filmis<br />
warmoeba<br />
0.8<br />
40.2<br />
Ffilmis gavrceleba<br />
polonuri<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
mxardaWera<br />
7.5 7.5 8.3<br />
polonuri filmis<br />
sazRvargareT<br />
popularizacia<br />
sazRvargareT<br />
popularizacia<br />
3.5<br />
4.0<br />
3.0<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
milioni zlotia mxatvruli filmebis SemTxvevaSi, 500 000 dokumenturi filmebis da<br />
animaciuri filmebis SemTxvevaSi, xolo 2 milioni iseTi dokumenturi filmebis<br />
SemTxvevavSi, romlebic kinoTeatrebisTvisaa gamiznuli. Aarsebobs Tanadafinansebis<br />
Semdegi kriteriumebi: damsaxureba xelovnebis sferoSi, kulturuli mniSvneloba,<br />
tradiciebze, evropis mravalferovnebaze da ekonomikur pirobebze orientireba.<br />
%<br />
3.5 3.5 3.9<br />
95
Sedegebi/gavlena<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
poloneTis saxelmwifo <strong>politika</strong>s kino<strong>industriis</strong> mimarT<br />
sxvadasxvanairi Sedegebi aqvs. qveyanaSi warmoebuli filmebis<br />
raodenoba, romlis monacemebs <strong>kinematografiis</strong> instituti<br />
uzrunvelyofs, me-10 cxrilSia mocemuli. rogorc Cans,mxatvruli<br />
filmebis raodenoba gaizarda 2004-2006 wlebSi, magram Semcirda<br />
dokumenturi da animaciuri filmebis warmoeba.<br />
cxrili 10: 2004-2006 wels poloneTSi warmoebuli filmebis raodenoba _________<br />
weli Mmxatvruli Ddokumenturi animaciuri filmi saganmanaTleblo sul<br />
filmi<br />
filmi<br />
filmi<br />
2004 19 (3)* 36 10 1 66<br />
2005 28 (4) 35 26 4 93<br />
2006 37 (2) 30 6 0 73<br />
wyaro: poloneTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> instituti. frCxilebSi Casmuli cifrebi saerTaSoriso,<br />
erToblivad nawarmoeb filmebs aRniSnavs.<br />
evropis audiovisualuri observatoriis kvleva cxadhyofs, rom<br />
poloneTis kinoTeatrebSi daswreba mxolod odnav gaizarda bolo<br />
wlebSi (cxrili 11).<br />
cxrili 11: kinoTeatrebSi daswrebis maCveneblebi evropis qveynebSi (2004-2008 wlebSi)<br />
96
polonuri filmebis sabazro wili mniSvnelovnad ver gaizarda 2004-2008<br />
wlebSi (cxrili 12).<br />
cxrili 12: erovnuli filmebis sabazro wili evropis qveynebSi<br />
erovnuli filmebis sabazri wili evropis qveynebSi (2004-2008 wlebi)<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
97
TurqeTi<br />
TurqeTis ASesaxeb<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
TurqeTi demokratiuli saxelmwifoa, sadac Zalaufleba Semdegnairadaa<br />
gadanawilebuli: sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba- didi erovnuli asamblea,<br />
aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba-prezidenti da ministrTa sabWo, sasamarTlo<br />
xelisufleba- damoukidebeli sasamarTloebi da uzenaesi samarTlebrivi<br />
organoebi. TurqeTSi 75.8 milioni (gaeros 2008 wlis monacemebi) adamiani<br />
cxovrobs. Dedaqalaqia Ankara, magram yvelaze didi qalaqia stamboli.<br />
TurqeTis teritoria moicavs 779,452 kvadratul kilometrs.<br />
TurqeTis ZiriTadi saeqsporto produqciaa: tansacmeli, teqstili, xili,<br />
bostneuli, rkina, foladi, avtomobilebi, sawvavi da navTobproduqtebi.<br />
qveynis ZiriTadi enaa Turquli.<br />
1999 wels TurqeTi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidati gaxda da<br />
evrokavSiris moTxovnebis Tanaxmad is kvlav agrZelebs reformebis<br />
ganxorcielebas adamianis uflebebisa da ekonomikis sferoSi.<br />
sagadasaxado sistemis mimoxilva<br />
TurqeTSi sagadasaxado sistema sakmaod progresulia- rac ufro maRalia<br />
Semosavali, miT ufro maRalia saprocento ganakveTi. 2008 wlis<br />
individualuri sagadasaxado ganakveTebi 15-dan 35%-mde meryeobs.<br />
TurqeTSi korporaciebs 20%-iani gadasaxadi ekisrebaT. Kkapitalis<br />
gazrdiT miRebuli Semosavlis gadasaxadi korporaciaSi emateba mis<br />
regularul Semosavals. zogadad, kapitalis gazrdiT miRebuli<br />
Semosavali (individualuri piris Tu kompaniis) e,ateba regularul<br />
gadasaxads.<br />
standartuli sagadasaxado ganakveTiAindividualur pirze dakisrebuli<br />
saSemosavlo gadasaxadis identuria da 15-dan 35%-mde meryeobs.<br />
standartuli sagadasaxado ganakveTi korporaciisTvis 20%-ia. qonebis<br />
gasayidi fasze unda aisaxos is sxvaoba, rac yidvisa da gayidvis fasebs<br />
Sorisaa dafiqsirebuli. Kkapitalis gazrdis Semosavlis gadasaxadi<br />
mxolod uZravi qonebidan miRebul mogebasTan mimarTebaSi iangariSeba.<br />
damsaqmeblis socialuri dazRvevis wili xelfasis 19.5%-ia. Ddasaqmebuli<br />
adamianis SemTxvevaSi ki-xelfasis 14%. Ddamsaqmebeli damatebiT 2 %-s,<br />
xolo dasaqmebuli 1%-s ixdis umuSevrobis fondSi.<br />
begara unda daeqviTos qveynis droebiT macxovreblebs Semdegi<br />
gadasaxadebidan:<br />
■ Ddividendi - 15%.<br />
■ procenti - 10%.<br />
98
■ honorari - 20%.<br />
■ profesiuli momsaxureba - 20%<br />
Turquli kanonmdebloba Semdegi saxis Semosavlebs aTavisuflebs<br />
saSemosavlo gadasaxdisgan:<br />
■ mogeba kerZo sapensio fondidan .<br />
■ gayiduli aqciebis Semosavali kerZo pirebisTvis<br />
■ dividendis Semosavali, weliwadSi 19 800-mde, kerZo pirebisTvis.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
kerZo piris mogeba fasiani qaRaldebis gayidvidan, Tu es fasiani<br />
qaRaldebi mis mflobelobaSi iyo minimum 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
kerZo piris mogeba moZravi qonebis gayidvidan, Tu es qoneba mis<br />
mflobelobaSi iyo 5 wlis an meti xnis ganmavlobaSi<br />
erTi kompaniis mier meore kompaniisTvis gadaxdili dividendi<br />
TurqeTi awesebs sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:<br />
AsazRvargareT, ucxour valutaSi gaweuli araoficialuri xarji,<br />
sufTa Semosavlis 0.5%-mde<br />
Ggadauxdeli vali garkveul situaciebSi<br />
Semowiruloba garkveuli organizaciebisTvis, saSemosavlo gadasaxadis<br />
0.5%-mde<br />
Ddasaqmebuli adamianebis samedicino momsaxurebis xarjebi<br />
_____________<br />
Qqiris gadasaxadi.<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
xSir SemTxvevaSi dRg 18%-s udris. dRg ekisreba qonebas, momsaxurebas da<br />
imports. Eeqsports es gadasaxadi ar exeba.<br />
sagadasaxdo ganakveTi saCuqrebisTvis 10-dan 30%-mde meryeobs,<br />
memkvidreobaze-1-dan 10%-mde. Mmemkvidreobaze gadasaxadi 3 wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi ifareba. Ygadaxda weliwadSi orjer xdeba.<br />
wliuri qonebis gadasaxadi 0.1-0.3%-ia da ekisreba miwas da Senobas. uZravi<br />
qonebis gayidvaze 1.5%-iani gadasaxadia. Ggadasaxads orive mxare ixdis,<br />
myidvelic da gamyidvelic.<br />
Sesavali<br />
rTulia informaciis moZieba TurqeTSi kulturisa da<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> Sesaxeb. erTi mxriv, inglisur enaze Zalian<br />
mcire informaciaa xelmisawvdomi, meore mxriv, kulturisa da<br />
turizmis saministros vebgverdze gamoqveynebuli monacemebi<br />
moicavs Turquli <strong>kinematografiis</strong> istoriis mimoxilvas.<br />
99
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
warmatebuli Turquli filmebis sia TiTqmis yvelganaa, magram<br />
konkretuli monacemebi saxekmwifos subsidiebis an sxva<br />
intervenciebis Sesaxeb ar aris xelmisawvdomi.<br />
am mizezis gamo, am angariSSi mxolod is informaciaa<br />
mocemuli, rac xelmisawvdomi aRmoCnda. es monacemebi<br />
inglisurenovani saitebidan, araoficialuri<br />
konsultaciebidan da presidanaa amoRebuli.<br />
Kkulturuli politikis mimoxilva<br />
Pparlamenti mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs kulturis,<br />
xelovnebis, kulturuli memkvidreobis sferoSi. Kkulturisa<br />
da turizmis saministro aris ZiriTadi samTavrobo uwyeba,<br />
romelic pasuxismgebelia kulturuli politikis<br />
formirebasa da ganxorcielebaze. lulturis mxardaWeris<br />
politikis miznebia:<br />
Eerovnuli kulturis dacva da ganviTareba<br />
kulturis struqturis gaZliereba da gafarToeba<br />
■ kulturuli RonisZiebebis Catareba<br />
aris mcdeloba imisa, rom TurqeTis kulturuli <strong>politika</strong><br />
evropul kulturul prioritetebs Seusabamon da<br />
gafarTovdes TanamSromloba sxva qveynebTan, maT Soris<br />
evrokavSiris wevrebTan da saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan,<br />
rogoricaa iunesko da evrosabWo. TurqeTi apirebs kulturis<br />
sferos xelmisawvdomobis gazrdas sazogadoebis nebismieri<br />
fenisTvis. am TvalsazrisiT, erTerTi prioritetia Sesabamisi<br />
statistikuri monacemTa bazis Seqmna, romelic evrokavSiris<br />
analogiuri iniciativis Sesaferisi iqneba.<br />
Kkino<strong>industriis</strong> <strong>politika</strong><br />
TurqeTis kulturisa da turizmis saministroSi aris<br />
generaluri direqtorati, romelic kinoindustriasa da<br />
saavtoro uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebze muSaobs. 1986 wlis 23<br />
ianvars miiRes axali kanoni <strong>kinematografiis</strong> Sesaxeb. am<br />
kanonis mizani iyo mxardaWeris uzrunvelyofa kinosa da<br />
musikis sferoSi moRvawe adamianebisTvis. 1987 wels daiwyo<br />
kino<strong>industriis</strong> reorganizacia. Kamave wels kulturisa da<br />
turizmis saministrom Camoayaliba TurqeTis<br />
kinematografistTa profesiuli kavSiri.<br />
Kkino<strong>industriis</strong>a da saavtoro uflebebis generaluri<br />
direqtorati 1989 wels daarsda. amave wels daarsda musikisa<br />
100
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
da kinoxelovnebis mxardaWeris fondi. es fondi<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> seqtors afinansebda.<br />
araoficialuri interviu kodakis regionalur<br />
menejerTan, goxan ozdemirTan<br />
2002 wlidan mxatvruli filmebis bazari mniSvnelovand<br />
izrdeba. 2002 wels mwarmoebelma kompaniebma gaacnobieres is<br />
faqti, rom Tu isini maRali xarisxis filmebs Seqmnidnen<br />
Turqi mosaxleoba ufro didi siamovnebiT naxavda maTTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebel erovnul films, vidre ucxoeli mayurebeli.<br />
aseTma kompaniebma ufro meti mxat vruli filmis warmoeba<br />
daiwyes da seriozuli adgilic daimkvidres.<br />
adgilobrivi filmebis raodenobisa da xarisxis zrdasTan<br />
erTad, kinoTeatrebSi sul ufro aqtiurad Cndeboda<br />
Turquli produqcia. amasobaSi MmTavrobam miiRo kanoni,<br />
sadac garkveuli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi iyo<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli filmebis damfinansebeli kompaniebisTvis.<br />
am kanonma iseTi kompaniebi moizida, rogorebic arian<br />
kokakola, Seli, Turqseli, a.S.<br />
didi konkurencia daiwyo telearxebs Soris satelevizio<br />
serialebTan dakavSirebiT. 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi serialebis<br />
raodeoba 10-dan 80-mde gaizarda. yovelive aman ki<br />
regularuli Semosavali moutana mwarmoebel kompaniebs. maT<br />
ukve ufro didi Tanxebis daxarjva SeeZloT mxatvruli<br />
filmebis warmoebaze.<br />
TurqeTSi daaxloebiT 1400 kinoeTeatria. Bbolo 3 wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi 1000-mde kinoTeatri garemontda.<br />
Turquli kinoindustria etapobrivad viTardeboda da axla<br />
is kargad Camoyalibebuli industriaa. 2008 wels 230<br />
ucxouri mxatvruli filmi gamovida. adgilobrivi filmebis<br />
raodenoba 50 iyo, magram am filmebis Semosavalma<br />
kinoTeatrebis Semosavlis 60% Seadgina. es Zalian didi<br />
cifria da uprecedento SemTxvevaa.<br />
kinos asociacia kulturis saministros gadascems sias,<br />
sadac CamoTvlilia dasafinansebeli proeqtebi. saministro<br />
arCevs proeqts, romelsac daafinansebs. saministros mier<br />
weliwadSi gacemuli Tanxa 6 milion dolars Seadgens. Aam<br />
siaSi sxvadasxva segmentia gaerTianebuli. yvelaze didi<br />
mxardaWera gankuTvnilia gamocdili mwarmoebeli<br />
kompaniebisTvis. sxva segmentebic aris CamonaTvalSi: axali<br />
reJisoris, dokumenturi filmi, moklemetraJiani filmi.<br />
magram maTi dafinanseba gacilebiT naklebia.<br />
subsidia pirdapir ar gaicema. Aarsebobs specialuri<br />
kriteriumebi, romelTa dakmayofilebaa saWiro. magaliTad,<br />
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<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
Tu iwyeb warmoebas iReb X% daxmarebas, Tu warmoebis bolo<br />
fazaSi xar, iReb Y%, xolo Tu uSveb films iReb-Z%.<br />
dafinanseba nawilnawil modis. Mmas Semdeg, rac filmi<br />
gamova, mTeli Tanxa unda daubrundes mTavrobas 6 Tvis<br />
ganmavlobaSi, Tu filmi ver gaimarjvebs adgilobriv<br />
festivalSi an ver warsdgeba saerTaSoriso festivalze.<br />
.A i" ~T .<br />
bevri mwarmoebeli arc mimarTavs mTavrobas daxmarebisTvis.<br />
rogorc sxva qveynebSi, aseve TurqeTSic, daxmarebas<br />
ZiriTadad festivalze warsadgeni filmebi iReben. erTerTma<br />
Turqulma filmma 2008 wlis kanis festivalze saukeTeso<br />
reJisuris jildo miiRo. magram rac Seexeba Turq mayurebels,<br />
maTTvis cifrebi arafers niSnavs. Uufro da ufro met<br />
mxatvrul films iReben da amis Semdegi mizezebi arsebobs:<br />
■ satelevizio filmebs didi Semosavali moaqvs<br />
soliduri Semosavalia kinoTeatrebidan<br />
■ sponsor kompaniebs aqvT sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi<br />
mTavroba ZiriTadad festivalze warsadgen, arakomerciul<br />
filmebs afinansebs.<br />
zogadi kulturuli politikis TvalsazrisiT ASeiZleba<br />
iTqvas,mTavroba Semdegi mizezebis gamo exmareba kulturis<br />
sferos<br />
■ maT surT, rom Rirseulad warmoCindnen msoflioSi<br />
maT surT im potencialis mxardaWera, sadac SesaZlebelia<br />
xalxis dasaqmeba<br />
■ maT surT daumtkicon evrokavSirs, rom saTanadod afaseben<br />
xelovnebas ..<br />
amJamad mxatvruli filmebis ZiriTadi daniSnuleba garTobaa<br />
an romelime reJisoris ocnebis ganxorcieleba. 50-dan 40<br />
filmi komedia an romantiuli komediaa.<br />
specifikuri intervenciebi kinoindustriaSi<br />
TurqeTSi ramdenime organizaciaa, romelic <strong>kinematografiis</strong><br />
seqtorTanaa dakavSirebuli. zogierTi maTgani mWidro<br />
kavSirSia kulturis saministrosTan:<br />
TurqeTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWo aris organizacia,<br />
romelic exmareba filmebis warmoebas da wvlili Seaqvs<br />
TurqeTis <strong>kinematografiis</strong> ganviTarebis saqmeSi. is<br />
agreTve warmoadgens damakavSirebel qsels aSS-sa da<br />
TurqeTis kinoindustriebs Soris. sabWo Rirebul<br />
informacias sTavazobs filmebis mwarmoeblebs,<br />
romlebsac surT filmis gadaReba TurqeTSi, an misi<br />
distribucia aSS-Si. aSS-sTan urTierTobiT sabWo<br />
aZlierebs partniorobas or qveyanas Soris.<br />
102
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
<strong>kinematografiis</strong> sabWos movaleobebia:<br />
Kkontaqtebis uzrunvelyofa da informaciis miwodeba<br />
adgilobrivi da ucxoeli mwarmoeblebisTvis;<br />
Ffilmebis mwarmoebelTa da zogadad, kino<strong>industriis</strong><br />
problemebis wardgena municipalur da saxelmwifo<br />
struqturebSi;<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
muSaobis koordinireba organizaciebis, kompaniebisa da<br />
kinoindustriaSi CarTuli adamianebisTvis, romlebic<br />
ucxoel mwarmoeblebs garkveul momsaxurebas uweven;<br />
Suamdgomloba konfliqtur situaciebSi.<br />
Ffilmebis mwarmoebelTa asociacia 2005 wlis agvistoSi<br />
ankaraSi dafuZnda. asociaciaSi 28 damfuZnebeli wevria,<br />
romelTa mizania filmebis mwarmoebelTa erTmaneTTan<br />
dakavSireba da qveynis kino<strong>industriis</strong> gaumjobeseba da<br />
misi sazRvargareT popularizacia. asociaciis saqmianobas<br />
kulturisa da turizmis saministro akontrolebs.<br />
rogorc saxelmwifo organizacia, filmebis mwarmoebelTa<br />
asociacia mxars uWers mwarmoebelTa uflebebis dacvas<br />
inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis dacvis (#5846) Sesabamisi<br />
kanonis Tanaxmad.<br />
■ kinosa da audiovizualuri kulturis fondi<br />
avtonomiuri, arakomerciuli organizaciaa, romelic 1991<br />
wels daarsda 275 wevris monawileobiT. Ees wevrebi<br />
moRvaweoben kino<strong>industriis</strong>, televiziis, saxviTi<br />
xelovnebis, literaturis, masmediis, biznesisa da<br />
politikis sferoebSi. Ffondis mizania mxari dauWiros<br />
kinoindustrias da audiovizualur xelovnebas<br />
SeimuSavos ra Sesabamisi koncefcia xelovnebis, rogorc<br />
kulturis umniSvnelovanesi aspeqtis Sesaxeb. misi<br />
amocanaa audio-vizualuri saSualebebis gamoyeneba<br />
kulturuli TviTmyofadobis gamdidrebisa da<br />
gamravalferovnebsi mizniT.<br />
sferoSi moRvaweoben sxva organizaciebic:<br />
■ SODER — kinomsaxiobTa asociacia<br />
■ SESAM — filmebis mwarmoebelTa, importiorTa, kinoTeatrebis<br />
mflobelTa profesiuli kavSiri<br />
■ FILM YON — reJisorTa kavSiri<br />
SINEKAM-DER — operatorTa, teqnikur muSakTa da<br />
studiis ostatTa asociacia<br />
filmebis mwarmoebelTa, importiorTa, kinoTeatrebis<br />
mflobelTa da video distributorTa profesiuli<br />
komiteti<br />
103
Sedegebi/ gavlena<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>kinematografiis</strong> industria: strategiuli mimoxilva<br />
“bi-ou-pi konsaltingi, 2009”<br />
www.bop.co.uk<br />
presis Tanaxmad, Turquli kinoindustria yovelwliurad 15<br />
milion dolars izidavs kerZo seqtoris investiciebis saxiT.<br />
Ggasul wels TurqeTSi 38 filmi gadaiRes da savaraudod,<br />
wlis bolomde 40 films gadaiReben. 40 filmis biujeti<br />
daaxloebiT 50 milioni dolaria. sponsorebi am Tanxidan<br />
daaxloebiT 10 milion dolars ixdian da 5 milioni<br />
dolaris Rirebulebsi teqnikur aRWurvilobasac<br />
uzrunvelyofen. yvela films hyavs sponsori. saSualod,<br />
filmis gadaReba TurqeTSi 1-2 milioni dolari Rirs.<br />
filmebis mwarmoebelTa profesiuli asociaciis<br />
xelmZRvaneli acxadebs, rom saWiroa reformebis gatareba,<br />
raTa Turqulma kinoindustriam kerZo seqtoris kidev ufro<br />
didi mxardaWera moipovos. misi TqmiT, saWiroa sagadasaxado<br />
reformebis Catarebac am sakiTxze. 47<br />
104
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