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10 ivnisi nino doliZis gaxseneba nino doliZe erTi imaTgania, visma amqveynidan wasvlamac didi tkivili miayena axloblebs, nacnob- megobrebs, kolegebs, studentebs, didsa Tu pataras.... dro midis, cxovreba win miiwevs, yoveldRiurobiT daRlili Tu sixaruliT gasxivosnebuli axloblebi dRiTidRe Zalumad grZnoben, rom maT gverdiT aRaraa sicocxliT savse qali, saukeTeso megobari, iSviaTi iumoriT dajildoebuli adamiani, kompaniis suli da guli, Wirisa da lxinis Tanaziari qalbatoni - nino doliZe..... aklia am patara qalaqs misi Rimiliani saxe, guliani xiTxiTi, imediani ganwyobileba, is siTbo da siyvaruli, rasac nino Tesavda, rasac igi unawilebda nacnob- megobrebs.... veravin warmoidgenda, mis gareSe rogori iqneboda cxovreba, mis gareSe rogor Caivlida nebismieri RonisZieba..... vigonebT masTan erTad gatarebul dReebs, iSviaTi komizmiT savse situaciebs, vmxiarulobT da am mxiarulebas moulodnelad cvlis, sevda, si- Cume, cremlebi ....da gvrCeba jiuti azri, romelsac vera da ver SevegueT, rom Sen Cven gverdiT fizikurad aRara xar, gvrCeba mouSuSebeli tkivili, rom veRar gagvamxiaruleb..... vwuxvarT, rom ,,xangrZliv es sofeli aravis axarebs”, vrwmundebiT, rom Sen xanmokle wuTisofelSic moaswari mogexada adamianuri vali, uSurvelad geTesa sikeTe da siyvaruli.... Sen Cvens gulebSi isev iseT lamaz, saTno, momxiblav, marad axalgazrda qalbatonad darCebi... nana cecxlaZe mzia xaxutaiSvili diana axvlediani naxiCevanis umaRlesi mejlisis Tavmjdomarem iusuf talibovma universitets saCuqrad maRalteqnologiuri aparatura gadasca q. baTumSi azerbaijanis respublikis generalurma konsulma gusein najafovma universitets naxiCevanis a.r. umaRlesi mejlisis Tavmjdomaris, baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis sapatio doqtoris vasif iusif talibovis saCuqari - Tanamedrove, maRalteqnologiuri aparatura gadasca. stumrebma reqtorTan, profesor alioSa bakuriZesTan, aWaris ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis ministrTan gia abulaZesTan, administraciis xelmZRvanelTan ediSer CavleiSvilTan da dekanebTan gamarTul Sexvedraze samomavlo gegmebze isaubres. aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris levan varSalomiZis iniciativiT naxiCevanis universitetsa da baTumis saxelmwifo universitets Soris Tanam- Sromlobas safuZveli ramdenime xnis win Caeyara. aWaris a.r. mTavrobis Tavmjdomare aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebTan da universitetis reqtorTan erTad sapasuxo vizitiT naxiCevanis avtonomiur respublikaSi imyofeboda, romlis farglebSi ori regionis umaRles saswavleblebs Soris memorandumi gaformda. naxiCevanis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi mejlisis Tavmjdomarem iusuf talibovma baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitets saCuqrad 2 ,,Wkviani dafa~, 10 kompiuteri Sesabamisi aRWurvilobiT, 10 printeri, 2 leptopi da 2 proeqtori gadasca. aparaturiT ori kabineti aRiWurveba, sadac igegmeba treningebis, seminarebis, konferenciebis, sazafxulo skolebis Catareba. amave kabinetebSi azerbaijanul enovan moqalaqeebs qarTuli enis, xolo dainteresebul pirebs - azerbaijanuli enis Seswavla SeeZlebaT. baTumis mosaxleoba me-19 saukunesa da me-20 saukunis pirvel ocwleulSi 1807 wels baTumSi imogzaura frangma mogzaurma Aadrian diuprem, romlis monacemebis mixedviT, imxanad, baTumis mTeli mosaxleoba udrida 2 aTass kacs, romelTagan qalaqis mosaxleobis ZiriTad nawils qarTvelebi Seadgendnen. mogzauri maSindel baTums aseT Sefasebas aZlevs: ,,aqa-iq mimofantuli saxlebiT igi ufro vrcel sofels waagavs, vidre qalaqs. ba- Tumi gaSenebulia zRvis sanapiroze, aqvs erTaderTi Ria reidi aRmosavleTis, Crdilo-aRmosavleTisa da CrdiloeTis mxridan, dasavleTiT igi daculia qviSiani koncxiT. reidi Rrmaa da xomaldebisaTvis iseve usafrTxoa, rogorc saukeTeso navsadgurebi~. [1]]]] aRniSnuli periodisaTvis dRevandeli baTumi marTlac rom qalaqad Camoyalibebis stadiaSi gaxldaT. misi ganaSenianebis daCqarebis mizniT, osmaleTis xelisufleba baTumSi Camosaxlebas (erovnebis mixedviT) didad uwyobda xels. cnobili mkvlevari s. anisimova amasTan dakavSirebiT werda: ,,baTumis axali dasaxlebis aTvisebis mizniT, 1807 wels osmaleTis xelisuflebam neba darTo Turq da berZen emigrantebs, 1866 wlidan ki afxaz muxajirebs, arendiT aeRoT miwis nakveTebi qalaqis teritoriaze~. [2]]] osmaleTis xelisuflebis msgavsma gadawyvetilebam sagrZnoblad daaCqara qalaqis ganaSenianebis procesebi, romlis paralelurad aseve mniSvnelovnad gaizarda mosaxleobis raodenoba baTumSi. 1872 wlisaTvis baTumSi mosaxelobis raodenoba aRemateboda 4970 suls, aqedan berZeni iyo 350 suli, somexi – 120 suli, qarTveli ki 4500 suli. baTumSi aRniSnuli periodisaTvis cxovrobdnen agreTve _ Turqebi, Cerqezebi, afxazebi da zangebi. 1878 wlisaTvis baTumis mosaxleoba udrida 3000 suls. mosaxleoba aseTi Semcireba gamowveuli gaxldaT ruseT-TurqeTis omiT, romlis zegavleniTac bevri adgilobrivi mosaxle gadaixvewa TurqeT- Si muhajirad. baTumis porto-frankod gamocxadebam biZgi misca qalaqSi vaWrobisa da mrewvelobis ganviTarebas, romlis paraleluradac izrdeboda mosaxleobis raodenobac. 1882 wels, qalaq baTumSi Catarda mosaxleobis erTdRiani aRwera, romlis drosac gamovlinda, rom qalaqSi imxanad cxovrobda 8661 suli, maT Soris 6921 mamakaci da 1740 qali. im droisaTvis qalaqSi cxovrobda sxvadasxva erovnebis warmomadgeneli Semdegi raodenobiT: _ ]]]qarTvelebi-3156 suli, rusebi _ 980 suli, Turqebi _ 603 suli, somxebi _ 908 suli, afxazebi _ 377 suli, sparselebi –_ 112¬ suli, ebraelebi _ 179 suli, berZnebi _ 11<strong>06</strong> suli, germanelebi _ 145 suli,¬ frangebi _ 24 suli, italielebi _ 18 suli, ingliselebi _ 10 suli.¬[3]]]]. 1882 wlisaTvis baTumis mosaxleoba religiuri mrwamsis mixedviT aseT suraTs iZleoda: mar- Tlmadideblebi _ 3158 suli, somex _ grigorianelebi _ 436 suli, somex _ kaTolikeni da kaTolikeni _ 176 suli, protestantebi¬ _ 101 suli, rusi seqtantebi –_ 42 suli, iudevelebi _ 179 suli, muslimanebi _ 1282 suli. [4]]]]. mosaxleobis klasifikacia dasaqmebis mixedviT Semdeg suraTs iZleva: vaWrebi da noqrebi _ 584 suli, Sinamosamsaxureebi _ 582 suli, muSebi _ 465¬ suli, menaveebi _ 63 suli, eqimebi _ 18 suli, bebiaqalebi _ 6 suli, meafTiaqeni _ 7 suli, maswavlebeli _ 15 suli, mxatvari – 1 suli, gazeTis redaqtori _ 1 suli, mkinZavi _ 2 suli. [4]] ] ] 1883 wlidan qalaq baTumis garesamyarosTan sarkinigzo xaziT dakavSirebam kidev ufro daaCqara qalaqSi mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis aRmavloba, amis paralelurad gaizarda misi mosaxleobac. 1890 wlis 17 ivniss Catarda mosaxleobis aRwera, romlis safuZvelzec damtkicda, rom qalaqSi sul cxovrobda 18123 kaci, romelTagan mudmivi, ZiriTadi mosaxleoba Seadgenda 14674 suls. jariskacebi, reidze mdgar gemTa mezRvaurebi, mosamsaxureebi, moswavleebi; e. i. baTumis droebiTi mcxovrebni Seadgendnen 3449 suls. sainteresoa, rom mamakacTa raodenoba udrida 14180 suls, qalTa raodenoba ki 3943 suls. baTumis mosaxleoba erovnebaTa mixedviT iZleoda Semdeg suraTs: qarTvelebi _ 3571 suli, anu mTeli mosaxleobis 19,¬72 procenti, rusebi _ 4161 suli, anu 22,95 procenti, somxebi _ 3128 suli,¬ anu 17,25 procenti, berZnebi – 1995 su¬li, anu 11,0 procenti, ebraelebi _ 862 suli, anu 4,76 procenti, Tur¬qebi¬_ 1172 suli, anu 6,48 procenti. 1890 wlis aRweris periodSi socialuri mdgomareobis mixedviT baTumSi cxovrobdnen: glexebi _ 6795, meSCanebi _ 4240 suli, sazRvargareTeli qveSevrdomebi _ 2030 suli, gaurkveveli wodebisani _ 1514 suli, aznaurebi _ 1404 suli, begebi da aRebi _ 9 suli, TavadTa wodebisani _ 116 suli, aznaurTa maZiebeli _ 3 suli, SliaxtiCi _ 1 suli, moqalaqeebi _ 1171 suli, vaWrebi _ 375 suli, dabali Cinis pirebi _ 216 suli, sasuliero wodebisani _ 144 suli, Tadarigis jariskacebi _ 44 suli, Zveli mosaxleoba _ 24 suli, maRali Cinis moxeleebi _ 36 suli, ukanonod Sobilni _ 6 suli, sul _ 18123 suli. aRniSnuli droisaTvis baTumis mosaxleobis 51,98 procenti gaxldaT wera-kiTxvis mcodne. [5]] 1897 wlis 28 ianvars Catarda sruliad ruseTis masStabiT mosaxleobis aRwera, romlis drosac dadginda, rom qalaq baTumSi cxovrobda 28508 suli, maT Soris 20439 mamakaci da 8169 qali. aRniSnuli droisaTvis qalaqSi droebiT mcxovrebTa raodenoba Seadgenda 1714 suls. baTumis mosaxleoba erovnuli Semadgenlobis mixedviT imxanad iZleoda aseT suraTs: qarTvelebi _ 6087 suli, rusebi _ 7144 suli, somxebi _ 6839 suli, berZnebi _ 274 suli, ebraelebi _ 1<strong>06</strong>4 suli, polonelebi _ 722 su¬li, germanelebi _ 299 suli, Cerqezebi _ 65 suli, Turqebi _ 1654 suli (unda aRiniSnos, rom iqve, TurqebTan miwerili gaxldaT aWarlebi), sxva danarCeni erovnebisani _ 1870 suli. religiuri mrwamsis mixedviT aRniSnuli periodisaTvis ba- TumSi cxovrobdnen: marTlmadidebelni _ 15495 suli, raskolnikebi _ 137 suli, somex-grigorianelebi _ 6150 suli, somex-kaTolikeni _ 662 suli, romael-kaTolikeni _ 1385 suli, sxvadasxva protestantebi _ 334 suli, mahmadianebi _ 3156 suli, iudaelebi _ 1179 su¬li, sxva sarwmunoebisani _ 10 suli. baTumSi mosaxleobis zrdas ganapirobebda mravali samrewvelo obieqtis Seqmna, romelTa normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis cxadia, saWiro iyo didi raodenobiT muSaxeli. mTeli 25 wlis ganmavlobaSi, saxeldobr, 1897 wlidan 1922 wlamde baTumis mosaxleoba sagrZnoblad gaizarda da 1922 wlisaTvis miaRwia 32¬302¬suls. baTumis mosaxleobis saSualo zrda procentebSi wlebis mixedviT gv¬aZlevs aseT suraTs: 1878 wlidan 1882 wlamde qalaqis mosaxleobis zrda Seadgenda 47,0 procents, 1882 wlidan 1886 wlamde - 17,7 procents, 1886 wlidan 1890 wlamde - 5,6 procents, 1890 wlidan 1897 wlamde - 8,2 pr¬o¬cents, 1897 wlidan 1917 wlamde - 1,1 procents. 1917 wlidan 1918 wlamde qalaqis mosaxleobis klebam Seadgina 56,6 procenti, rac gamowveuli iyo arastabiluri mdgomareobiT, 1918 wlidan 1920 wlamde mosaxleobis zrda Seadgenda 97,8 procents, 1920 wlidan 1922 wlamda _ 16, 9 procents, 1922 wlisaTvis baTumSi sul cxovrobda 60810 suli. aqedan gamomdinare ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos, rom baTumis mosaxleobis raodenobis zrda gacilebiT didia, vidre saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiros sxva qalaqebisa. am¬ Cveni ganacxadis dasadastureblad moviyvanT mosaxleobis zrdis procentebs sxvadasxva qalaqebSi (baTumTan SedarebiT) wlebis mixedviT: 1897 weli 1922 weli 1927 weli soxumi 5,0 7,5 6,2 FOfoTi 4,6 4,9 4,6 baTumi 17,69 26,1 15,2 baTumSi mosaxleobis procentuli zrda marTlac rom gacilebiT didia. [6]] 1917 wlisaTvis baTumis mosaxleoba udrida 35048 suls. 1918 wlisaTvis igi Seadgenda 15875 suls, aqedan qarTvelebi- 2238 suls, anu mTeli mosaxleobis 14,6 procents, somxebi _ 288 suls (1918 wlisaTvis somexi mosaxleobis aseTi mkve- Tri Semcireba gamoiwvia osmaleTis jaris mier baTumis dakavebam), anu 1,9 procents, rusebi _ 3669 suls, anu 23,8 procents, ebraelebi _ 750 suls anu 4,9 procents, germanelebi _ 4878 suls, anu 31,7 procents. 1922 wlisaTvis baTumis mosaxleoba mTlianad Seadgenda 60810 suls, aqedan qarTvelebi _ 18232 suls, anu 30,0 procents, somxebi _ 10720 suls, anu¬ _ 17,6 procents, ebraelebi _ 3699 suls, anu 6,1 procents, berZnebi –7629¬ suls, anu 12,6 procents. 1922 welTan SedarebiT 1927 wlisaTvis baTumSi mosaxleoba Semcirda mTeli 20 procentiT. aqedan berZnebi _ 62,7 procentiT, ebraelebi _ 48,2 procentiT, somxebi _ 31,6 procentiT, rusebi _ 17,0 procentiT. rac Seexeba qarTvelobas, igi Semcirda mxolod 448 suliT, rac mTeli qarTveli mosaxleobis mxolod 2,5 procents udrida. yovelive es qarTveli mosaxleobis stabilurobaze migvaniSnebs. [7]] oTar gogoliSvili
Wabua amirejibis saymawvilo moTxrobebs Soris `Sivas TvaliT~ erT–erTi saukeTesoa. garda imisa, rom mwerali klasikuri srulyofiT xatavs bavSvs, mis sulier samyaros, mis interesebs da Taviseburebebs, rasac pedagogikuri da fsiqologiuri codnis didi maragi sWirdeba. moTxroba sayuradReboa misi filosofiuri mniSvnelobiTac. mwerali sruliad bunebrivad da damajereblad axerxebs 11= =-12 wlis bavSvis winaSe dasvas filosofiis urTulesi sakiTxi= =-WeSmaritebis dadgenis cda. rogorc cnobilia, WeSmaritebis dadgena, rogorc adamianuri sicocxlis sazrisi, xalxur Semoqmedeba- Sic gavrcelebuli erT= =-erTi motivia. simarTlesa da sicrues Soris erTi mtkaveliao,–= =_ ityvis xalxuri mTqmeli da Tvalsa da yurs Soris daidebs mtkavels. sicruea yuriT mosmenili, simarTlea TvaliT danaxuli. maT Soris manZili erTi mu- Wis tolia. Wabua amirejibi agrZelebs saubars am Temaze da cxadyofs, rom SeiZleba arc TvaliT danaxuli iyos unaklo da ueWveli simar- Tle. maS, ra aris WeSmariteba? mwerali didaqtikuri wesebis dacviT warmarTavs saubars am Temaze, rac filosofiur da pedagogikur literaturaSi swavlebis `sokratuli meTodis~ saxeliTaa cnobili. dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad mwerali Wabua amirejibi irCevs martiv, magram uaRresad damaxasiaTebel movlenas, risi mowmec yoveldRe aris bavSvi. es aris mxedvelobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebureba: cali TvaliT danaxuli sagani gansxvavebulad Cans, vidre orive TvaliT danaxuli. mxatvrul nawarmoebSi es epizodi asea gadmocemuli: moxuci kaci kaleidoskopiT dgas quCaSi da aT kapikad axedebs bavSvebs uCvenebs nairnair suraTebs. nawarmoebis mTavari moqmedi personaJis aCikos yuradReba miiqcia indoelTa RmerTis- Sivas suraTma. RvTaeba Sivas mravali xeli da sami Tvali hqonda. `= =_Zia, is zedmeti Tvali, Sublis Tvali, marTla aqvs?= =_vkiTxe isev. =_ = vera xedav? marTla aqvs. =_ = rad unda? =_ = va, rogor Tu rad unda. aba cali Tvali daxuWe, mag suraTs Sexede. ufro sxvanairia Tu ara? davxuWe. ufro sxvanairi iyo, ufro patara meCvena. =_ = sxvanairia! =_ = davudasture me. =_ = hooo! axla eg Tvali gaaRe da meore daxuWe! is Tvali gavaxile, meore davxuWe. =_ = axla sul sxvanairia Tu ara? davakvirdi, marTla sxvanairi Canda. ==_ ufro sxvanairia!–vTqvi me. =_ = maS, ra gamodis? erTi sxvanairad giCvenebs, meore sxvanairad. oriveTi erTad roca uyureb, maSin kidev sxvanairia... marTali romelia? =_ = romeli iyo?–= =_gamecina. =_ = hooo, eg aris indoeTis RmerTi Siva. xedav, ramdeni xeli aqvs? qveyanaze ramdeni saqmea-yvelafers magis xeli unda daedos. RmerTi imis RmerTia, marTali xeli unda daados. ori Tvali s i b r Z n i s T v a l i hqonoda, marTals ranairad gaigebda, imitom sami Tvali aqvs, eg mesame Tvali marTali Tvalia. roca ori TvaliT rames dainaxavs, mere im danaxuls mesame TvaliT Sexedavs, marTals ipovis da xelsac daadebs~. es aris filosofiuri azris pedagogizaciis saukeTeso nimuSi. swavlebaSi (saSualo, umaRles skolaSi) amas pedagogiur enaze problemuri situaciis warmoqmna hqvia da yvelam, visac surs ufro saintereso gaxados swavleba, guldasmiT unda gaecnos metaforuli saTauriT cnobil moTxrobas `Sivas TvaliT~. aCiko Cveulebrivi, tipuri bavSvia. misi bavSvuri xasiaTi kargad Cans mis dakvirvebebsa da saidumloebebSi. xalasi bavSvuri gulubryviloba Cans mis dakvirvebaSi mamis gabrazebaze qaliSvilis-aCikos ufrosi dis qeTinos unebarTvod gaTxovebis gamo. mama sayvedurs eubneba meuRles-aCikos dedas: ùgrove ZonZebi da zizil-pipiloebi, ara? erTi suli hqonda rodis momcemeno, mageebma gaabriyva!~ aCiko lamazi nivTebiT Tavisi bavSvuri gatacebiT marTla darwmunebulia, rom qeTino gaTxovda lamazi kabebisa da sakabeebis xelSi CagdebisaTvis. aCiko fiqrobs: `me mgoni, mama nawilobriv mainc mar- Tali iyo. xumroba saqmea amdeni lamaz-lamazi raRacebis xelSi Cagdeba? gaTxovdeboda, aba, ras izamda~. bavSvuria aCikos aRiareba qalaqSi Tavisuflad da nebarTviT gasvlis gamo: ès iyo Cemi pirveli damoukidebeli gasvla qalaqSi... nebarTviT, Torem ise bevrjer gavparulvar~. gonieri bavSvis saxasiaTo Tvisebebi ikiTxeba axali fexsacmlis mimarT aCikos damokidebulebaSi. TamaSis dros aCikom gaixada axali fexsacmeli, jer, ra Tqma unda, ufrosi biWis karnaxiT, magram Sinaganad TviTonac kmayofilia rom gaixada: `Custebi erTmaneTs gadavabi da margalze Camovkide. ase jobda, ar gamicvdeboda, Semenaxeboda. dedam xom ramdenjerme miTxra, Custebs araferi damarTo, Torem mamaSeni ar vici ras gizamso~. aCiko uaRresad STabeWdilebiani bavSvia. man ise Rrmad ganicada da gaiazra Sivas mravali xelisa da Sublze mesame Tvalis idea, rom myarad Camoyalibda masSi samarTlianobis dacvis gancda. fidos mier Custebis warTmevis gamo dasevdianebuli aCiko umal Sivas fenomenze Cafiqrdeba da ityvis: `Sivas xelebsa da Tvalebze Zalian bevri vifiqre da mgoni, yvelaferi kargad gavige: Sivas rom davenaxe, jer cali TvaliT Semomxedavda, mere- meore cali TvaliT, mere-oriveTi erTad. mere orive Tvals daxuWavda da mesameTi ki ar Semomxedavda, Sexedavda imas, rac TiTo–TiTo da orive TvaliT dainaxa da uceb gaigebda, risTvis da rogor waiRo fidom Cemi Custebi. mere aiRebda da erT–erT xels am `saqmes daadebda~. aCiko madlierebis xalasi grZnobiT gamorCeuli biWia. is namdvilad madlierebis niWiT aris dabadebuli da zogjer gvafiqrebs, rom madlierebis swavleba ar SeiZleba, imitom, rom adamianebSi xSirad yvelaze srulyofilad umaduroba ufro vlindeba, vidre madliereba. paradoqsia, magram faqtia, rom madlierebis grZnoba adamianebis umetesobaSi gacilebiT sustia, vidre Sinaur cxovelebSi. bevri adamiani mTeli sicocxlis manZilze ver maRldeba Sinauri ZaRlis madlierebamde. ZaRlis erTguleba da madliereba TiTqos unakloa. adamianebs Soris umaduroba ufro srulyofili Cans, vidre madliereba. aCiko madlierebis gansaxierebaa. moTxrobaSi kargad Cans, rogor viTarebaSi asesxa axalgazrda mxatvarma, Tavad uangaro gujam fexsacmelebis SesaZeni fuli fexSiSvela aCikos àsesxa~, Torem misi dabrunebis imedi ucxo bavSvisagan ar hqonda. àsesxa~ mxolod imitom, rom TanaugrZno gaWirvebaSi Cavardnil biWs, magram aCikos aRmoaCnda madlierebis niWi da didis vai-glaxiT miagno gujas binas da fuli daubruna. am epizodiT mwerali did zneobriv gakveTils sTavazobs ara mxolod mozard Taobas, aramed yvelas, visac urTierToba aqvs meore adamianTan. zneobrivi grZnobis es- Tetizacia, anu rac zneobrivia, _mSvenieria, kargad ikiTxeba mesaflavesTan aCikos Sexvedris epizod- Si. mesaflave gansvenebuli adamianebis mogonebebiT cxovrebaze xalxuri sibrZnis nimuSebs axmianebs. igi urigo da rigian micvalebulad yofs Tavis samwysoSi dasaflavebulebs. erT dasaflavebulis Sesaxeb ambobs: `magisi arc avi gamigia, arc kargi. raxan ise mokvda, rom xma ar datova, uavkargo yofila. Seni sicocxle ijde, prasi Wamo, mokvde, rigiani micvalebuli ranairad iqnebi?~“mesaflavis rwmeniT, kacis avkargianoba sicocxleSi gakeTebuli keTili saqmeebiT fasdeba. amitom meore saflavze ityvis: ès kai micvalebulia... amisTana micvalebulebi arcerT mesaflaves ara hyavs, rac rame rigiania, sul aq aris, sul CemTan marxia... am micvalebuls arasodes uTqvams, qveyanas jani gavardes, me Cemi gza maqvso. sul imas ambobda, qveyanaze rac rame xdeba, yvelaferi Cemi saqmeao. saca usamarTlobas gaigebda, es kaci iq iyo. daCagruls eSveleboda. saca boroteba iyo, es kaci iyo iq. avs kacs Tvalebsa sTxrida. Tavis moswreba usamarTlobas eomeboda. samarTlianobas eqomageboda... vah, kaci iyo, raRa, namdvili kaci!~“ sagulisxmo Sexedulebas aviTarebs mesaflave tyuilebis momgonebel gansvenebulze. „erTi micvalebuli myavs, sicocxleSi sul tyuils ambobda, erTi mar- Tali ar uTqvams. yvelafers ujerebdnen, ici, raTa? =_ = tyuilebi sjerodaT? sjerodaT. kargi tyuili icoda da imitom iseTi, romelsac yvela daijerebs~. magram roca jeri midga Custebis dakargvis mizezebze, riTac Tavi unda emarTlebina aCikos Tavis mSoblebis winaSe, mesaflave STaagonebs mozards: `yvelaze ukeTesi mainc is iqneba, Sin mixvide da simarTle Tqva~. sagangebod unda aRiniSnos qristianuli taZris gamakeTilSobilebeli zegavlena adamianis zneobriv samyaroze. fexSiSveli da wvimiT galumpuli aCiko marto grZnobs Tavs. fexSiSvelad Sin dabrunebis eSinia, quCa- Si ki damxmare da Sembralebeli aravin aris. `saiT wavsuliyavi, ra meqna, visTvis SemeCivla Cemi gasaWiri! qveyanaze iseTi aravin iyo, gavemxnevebine, nugeSi eca, arc Sin, arc gareT. Sin mama gamijavrdeboda, iqneb gavelaxe kidec. dedac, qeTinoc masxrad amigdebdnen. bebo gamebuteboda. ver vitandi bebos gabutvas. cremls Zlivs vikavebdi. saiT wavsuliyavi? arsaiT ar mindoda wasvla, aravis naxva ar damamSvidebda. vijeqi da viyavi martodmarto. Tavze wvima damdioda, fexebi gubeSi mqonda da vtirodi. yvelam mawyenina, yvelam damCagra. amitom vtirodi da kidev imitom, rom wvimda da baRi carieli iyo~. am gancdeb- Si myofs eklesiis zarebis xma moesma. imedgadawuruli bavSvi eklesiaSi Sevida da Sveba da imedic iq ipova. es imedi wminda giorgis xatma STaagona. sanTelic mas aunTo. mwerali gvTavazobs epizods araeklesiurad aRzrdili bavSvis cnobierebaze saeklesio wmindanebis gamakeTilSobilebelizegavlenis Sesaxeb. eklesiis xatebi aCikosTana bavSvebisaTvis ar aRiqmeba rogorc suraTebis gamofena. saeklesio xatSi imedis rwmenas xedavs mozardi. wminda giorgis xatis win mdgomi aCiko ase gviziarebs Tavis gadasvlas axal samyaroSi: `Zalian kargi saxe hqonda giorgis da Zalian sazareli iyo urCxuli. es kaci rom damxmareboda, fidos Cems axalTaxal Custebs wavarTmevdiT. mere sadgurSi wavidodiT, im gaiZvera kacs plackarts ukan CavabarebinebdiT. gavaZevebdiT, saiTac undoda, iqiT wasuliyo, oRond iqaurobas gascloda. axla im xalxs movagrovebdiT da gavagebinebdiT, rom me ki ara, aylayuda da misi kalaTiani qali iyvnen damna- Saveni, bodiSs movaxdevinebdiT. im kacs, romelic yviroda daiWireT, moiparao, erTs mainc wavartyamdiT sulel gograSi. movrCebodiT am saqmeebs da Saba- Tobaze wavidodiT. aba, iq iqneboda seiri! vgrZnobdi, raRac gamomrCa. mexsierebaSi viqeqebodi da bolos is noqrebi momagonda, sadguris pirdapir fexsacmlis maRaziaSi rom muSaobdnen, Tavi rom moiyares da daxlis SuSebze Custebi maxatvines, sanam ar mobezrdaT. imaT vaswavlidi Wkuas. rogor egonaT? yovelive amas naTlad vxedavdi da Zalian kargad vgrZnobdi Tavs. yvelafers me vakeTebdi. giorgi ise iyo. erTi gavifiqre, mainc yvelafers me vakeTeb da im kacs, raRas vacden–meTqi. ma- ivnisi gram arc marto darCena mindoda! zogi ram iseTi kargi vifiqre, momewona da Tavidan vifiqre. erTi sityviT, mSvenier dros vatarebdi, yvelas javri amoviyare, yvelas Tavisi adgili mivuCine... moTxroba `Sivas TvaliT~ sayuradReboa imiTac, rom karg magaliTs uCvenebs mozardebs interesTa SeuTavseblobis SemTxvevaSi, biWurad, Rirseulad rogor gaarkvion erTmaneTSi urTierToba, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Cxubis epizodi. Cxubis gareSe ar aris bavSvoba. samwuxarod, axla aseTi Cxubebi imarTeba biWebs Soris, rac xSirad tragediiT mTavrdeba mxolod imis gamo, rom biWebs ar vaswavliT namusian, raindul Cxubs, amitom mimarTaven isini civ iaraRs, zogjer cecxlsasrolsac. aseT CxubSi gamoicdeba ara biWi, aramed iaraRi. mwerali bi- Wis gamosacdelad surviliT aRwers erTi Cxubis suraTs: `kuTxidan biWebma gamouxvies. samni iyvnen. Cemi nacnobebi dainaxes Tu ara, ise etaknen, viTom adreve hqondaT daTqmuli Cxubis dro, adgili da wesic... wesi imitom vaxsene, rom im biWebma daacades, sanam amaT Custebs mouares, ese igi, erTma Custi mucelTan qamarSi gairWo, meorem gverdze moisrola, qvafenilze daagdo, Cems fex- TiT da mxolod amis Semdeg dascxes erTmaneTs. magari Cxubi gaimarTa. arc qva uxmariaT, arc wixli. muStebiT da TavuriT Cxubobdnen, Zalian lamazad Cxubobdnen, gansakuTrebiT Cemi nacnobebi~. mwerali kidev mraval saintereso suraTs xatavs nawarmoebSi mozardi Taobis Rirseuli CvevebiT aRzrdisaTvis. magaliTad bevr adamians uWirs sxvas hkiTxos is, rac ar icis, es kompleqsi axalgazrdam bavSvobaSive unda dasZlios. Wabua amirejibis gmiri am mxriv sanimuSoa. is ambobs: `roca raime ar vicodi, sxvas vekiTxebodi, ara mrcxvenoda~. es iseTi Tvisebaa kacis cxovrebaSi, romelic yovelTvis daicavs mas uneburi Secdomebisagan, Tavidan aacilebs samarcxvino uvicobas. moTxroba `Sivas TvaliT~ Sesrulebulia maRali mxatvruli gemovnebiT. mwerali zomierad iyenebs mxatvruli gamosaxvis xerxebsa da saSualebebs, rac pirvel rigSi, mwerlis frazas xdis sanaxaobad, aRweril suraTs ki metyvelad, cocxal sinamdviled. aseTia, magaliTad konstrastis xerxiT Sesrulebuli es suraTi: `deda laparakobda, me ki vfiqrobdi~. Sedarebebi: ìm gogos naxvis survili qaviliviT amityda~; ìse wavidnen, viTom skolidan Sin midiodnen da iRliiT wignebi mihqondaT~. mSvenieria es hiperbolac: àq haersac ki vardis surneleba hqonda. vardisa ki ara, uamravi sxvadasxva yvavilis surneleba~. saTauri `Sivas TvaliT~ mxatvruli metaforaa, romelSic gamoxatulia adamianis arsebobis erT-erTi mTavari sazrisi–veZiebdeT WeSmaritebas da rac SeiZleba namdvil, ara moCvenebiT, WeSmaritebas. Tu es sazrisi bavSvobidanve gamoumuSavdeba adamians, igi srulyofil adamianad Camoyalibdeba cxovrebaSi. giorgi (iuri) bibileiSvili
Page 1 and 2: ivnisi SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo u
Page 3 and 4: 20 ivniss SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwif
Page 5 and 6: studentTa naxatebisa da nakeTobebis
Page 7 and 8: giorgi goraZis monografia `federali
Page 9: aTi yvelaze lamazi eqsperimenti fiz

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