newspapper_06_2012.pdf
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newspapper_06_2012.pdf
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ivnisi<br />
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis gazeTi #6.ivnisi, 2012.<br />
gaius svetonius trankvilusis<br />
”Tormeti keisris cxovrebis” Targmani,<br />
romlis prezentaciac Sedga,<br />
originalidan, laTinuri enidanaa<br />
Sesrulebuli, rac kidev ufro<br />
mniSvnelovans xdis am gamocemas.<br />
mTargmnelma aRniSna, rom teqstis<br />
qarTul enaze Targmna dasrulebulia<br />
da male darCenili nawilic<br />
gamoqveyndeba.<br />
gv. 3<br />
`universitetis biologiis departamentis<br />
TanamSromlebi CvenTan<br />
xSirad modian skolaSi, gvikiTxaven<br />
leqciebs CvenTvis saintereso<br />
sakiTxebze, gvacnoben fakultetis<br />
saqmianobas, mniSvnelobas. am urTierTobis<br />
CamoyalibebaSi didi wvlili<br />
miuZRvis fakultetis dekans<br />
marina qoriZes, biologiis depatamentis<br />
xelmZRvanels daviT bara-<br />
TaSvils, fakultetis sabunebismetyvelo<br />
mimarTulebis studentTa<br />
biomravalferovnebis klubis xelmZ-<br />
Rvanels eTer jayels, risTvisac<br />
Tqveni gazeTis saSualebiT maT madloba<br />
minda gadavuxado~.<br />
gv. 4<br />
Turme yofilan qveyanaze adamianebi,<br />
romlebsac SeuZliaT studentebis<br />
gulis gaTboba da sasikeTo<br />
saqmeebis keTeba, RmerTma gvimravlos<br />
aseTi leqtorebi, ufali iyos<br />
maTi Semwe.<br />
dawyebiTi ganaTlebis III<br />
kursi Zalian<br />
did madlobas gixdiT ocnebis<br />
axdenisTvis. es dReebi mTeli<br />
cxovrebis manZilze dauviwyari<br />
iqneba CvenTvis.<br />
gv. 5<br />
aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomare levan varSalomiZe<br />
da ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis ministri<br />
gia abulaZe studentebs Sexvdnen<br />
aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomare<br />
levan varSalomiZe da ganaTlebis,<br />
kulturisa da sportis ministri gia<br />
abulaZe baTumis SoTa rusTavelis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis studentebs<br />
Sexvdnen da axali da mimdinare<br />
miznobrivi programebi gaacnes.<br />
aWaris mTavrobis dafinansebiT studentebis<br />
daxmarebis miznobrivi<br />
programa Seiqmna, romelic umaRlesi<br />
ganaTlebis pirveli safexuris<br />
akreditebul umaRles saganmanaTleblo<br />
programebze Caricxuli studentebis<br />
swavlis safasuris dafarvas<br />
iTvaliswinebs. mravalwliani<br />
programa axali saswavlo wlidan<br />
amoqmeddeba da masSi monawileobis<br />
miReba SeuZliaT aWaris maRalmTian<br />
raionebSi mcxovreb studentebs, obolebs,<br />
mravalSviliani da socialurad<br />
daucveli ojaxis wevrebs. aWaris<br />
ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis<br />
saministrom turizmis ganaTlebis<br />
ganviTarebis xelSewyobis miznobrivi<br />
programa SeimuSava, romelic miznad<br />
isaxavs saganmanaTleblo turizmis<br />
sabazro kvlevis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT<br />
turizmis ganaTlebis reformas,<br />
saganmanaTleblo programebis saer-<br />
TaSoriso standartebTan SesabamisobaSi<br />
moyvanas.<br />
ramin cinariZe pirveli doqtorantia,<br />
romelmac baTumis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis akademiuri sabWos<br />
mier damtkicebuli sadisertacio<br />
debulebiT (axali moTxovnebis Se-<br />
aWaris a. r. ganaTlebis, kulturisa<br />
da sportis saministro aWaris mTavrobis<br />
dafinansebiT 20<strong>06</strong> wlidan axorcielebs<br />
ucxoeTSi staJirebis miznobriv<br />
programas, romelic emyareba evropis<br />
regionTa asambleis gacvliT programas<br />
`evroodisea~. staJireba xorcieldeba<br />
evropis 8 qveyanaSi: safrangeTi, espaneTi,<br />
belgia, Sveicaria, portugalia,<br />
germania, italia da avstria. programaSi<br />
monawileoba SeuZlia umaRlesi an<br />
profesiuli ganaTlebis mqone 18-dan<br />
30-wlamde axalgazrdas. programis<br />
farglebSi staJireba sul 80-ze metma<br />
moqalaqem gaiara. 2012 wels aWaris<br />
mTavrobam aRniSnuli programa dafinansa<br />
40 000 lariT da staJirebas 15<br />
axalgazrda gaivlis.<br />
2011 wels aWaris mTavrobis iniciativiT<br />
Seiqmna ,,ganaTlebis fondi~,<br />
sadac ucxo enebis Seswavla SeuZlia<br />
aWaraSi mcxovreb nebismier moqalaqes<br />
18 wlis asakidan. 2012 wels regionis<br />
municipalitetebSi arsebul ganaTlebis<br />
fondis filialebSi gaixsna kompiuteris<br />
Semswavleli ufaso kursebi.<br />
2012 wels studentebisa da ucxoeT-<br />
Si swavlis msurvelTaTvis daiwyo 130<br />
qveyanis 8 500 umaRles saganmanaTleblo<br />
dawesebulebaSi aRiarebuli TOEFLO L-is FE<br />
Semswavleli ufaso kursebi.<br />
vulocavT<br />
sabamisad) warmatebiT daicva disertacia<br />
Temaze+ + _ ,,regionuli sainvesticio<br />
procesebis regulirebis<br />
safinanso-ekonomikuri meqanizmi” da<br />
mieniWa biznesis marTvis doqtoris<br />
akademiuri xarisxi. cnobilma mecnierebma<br />
givi gamsaxurdiam, eTer<br />
xaraiSvilma, asiko cincaZem (Semfaseblebi)<br />
mis naSroms maRali Sefaseba<br />
misces. sadisertacio komisiis yvela<br />
wevris mxardaWerac erTsulovani<br />
iyo, risi dasturic maRali Sefaseba<br />
gaxldaT.<br />
gv. 6<br />
kursdamTavrebulebis<br />
gacileba<br />
27 ivniss baTumis SoTa rusTavelis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetma 77-e kursdamTavrebulebi<br />
sazeimod gaacila.<br />
universitetis istoriaSi pirvelad,<br />
warCinebul kursdamTavrebulebs mantiebi<br />
moarges, romlebsac samaxsovro<br />
sigelebi da saCuqrebi universitetis<br />
reqtorma, profesorma alioSa bakuriZem<br />
gadasca.<br />
kursdamTavrebulebs gza dauloca<br />
universitetis reqtorma, alioSa<br />
bakuriZem, umaRlesi sabWom Tavmjdomarem<br />
mixeil maxaraZem, aWaris<br />
ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis<br />
ministrma gia abulaZem, baTumis<br />
merma robert CxaiZem da RRes ukve<br />
warmatebulma kursdaTavrebulebma.<br />
2012 wlis kursdamTavrebulebis<br />
saxeliT mSobliur universitets da<br />
profesor-maswavleblebs madloba<br />
gadauxada nino nakaSiZem da mis prioritetebze<br />
isaubra. kursdamTavrebulebis<br />
gacilebas abiturientebic<br />
stumrobdnen, romlebmac upiratesoba<br />
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitets mianiWes.<br />
oficialuri nawilis dasrulebis<br />
Semedeg ukve yofilma studentebma<br />
caSi manaTobeli franebi gauSves.<br />
iyo sazeimo foierverkic. saRamos<br />
Jurnalisti neli agirba uZRveboda.<br />
RonisZiebis kulminacia jguf `mgzavrebis~<br />
koncerti gaxda, romelmac<br />
gvian Ramemde gastana.<br />
Speak Up GeorGia-s<br />
programis wardgineba<br />
saaqto darbazSi baTumis SoTa<br />
rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
studentebisaTvis Speak Up in Georgia-s<br />
programis wardgineba gaimarTa.<br />
inglisuri enisa da lideris unar-<br />
Cvevebis ganmaviTarebeli orTviani<br />
kursi mTeli qveynis masStabiT saqarTvelos<br />
sportisa da axalgazrdobis<br />
saqmeTa saministros dafinansebiT<br />
xorcieldeba. saswavlo programa<br />
iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs moicavs,<br />
rogoricaa sajaro gamosvla, reziumes<br />
wera/interviuebi, inglisuri enis<br />
swavlebis efeqturi gzebi, brendingis<br />
xelovneba, lideroba axalgazrdebSi.<br />
programis monawileebi konkursis<br />
wesiT SeirCevian, damatebiTi informacia<br />
gamoqveyndeba veb-gverdze.
ivnisi<br />
sazafulo skola - Savi zRvis regionis qveynebis<br />
sasazRvro TanamSromloba<br />
Savi zRvis regionis qveynebis sasaz-<br />
Rvro TanamSromlobis Temaze baTumis<br />
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis,<br />
saqarTvelos politikis institutisa<br />
da qalaq venis meriis organizebiT<br />
saerTaSoriso sazafxulo<br />
saqarTvelos respublikis pirveli<br />
prezidentis vaJma rejeb Jordaniam<br />
sajaro leqcia waikiTxa Temaze: `saqarTvelos<br />
pirveli respublika, saqarTvelos<br />
respublikis memkvidreoba da<br />
dRevandeloba~. rejeb Jordania studentebsa<br />
da profesor-maswavleblebs<br />
1918-21 wlebis periodze esaubra,<br />
qveynis damoukideblobis aRdgenasa da<br />
dakargvasTan dakavSirebuli istoriuli<br />
movlenebi gaacno da studentebis<br />
SekiTxvebs upasuxa. noe Jordanias<br />
Svili daibada da gaizarda parizSi.<br />
politikur mecnierebaTa skolis studenti<br />
da ielis universitetis kursdamTavrebuli,<br />
cxovrebis sxvadasxva<br />
periodSi iyo harimanis institutis<br />
miwveuli mecnieri, profesionali<br />
pianisti, kompozitori, mwerali, saz-<br />
skola gaixsna. qarTveli, ukraineli,<br />
Turqi, somexi, azerbaijaneli, rusi<br />
studentebi oTxi dRis ganmavlobaSi<br />
iseT sakiTxebs ganixilaven, rogoricaa<br />
Savi zRvis qveynebis politika<br />
da swori mmarTveloba, mosazRvre<br />
qveynebis TanamSromloba evrokavSir-<br />
Tan da mmarTveloba evropis „axali<br />
mmarTvelobis“ modelze. axalgazrdebi<br />
aseve imsjeleben sazRvrebTan<br />
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis mogvarebaze,<br />
konfliqtis gadaWris saSualebebze,<br />
konfliqtis mqone sazogadoebaSi<br />
masmediisa da adamianis uflebebis<br />
dacvaze. sazafxulo skola miznad<br />
isaxavs politikuri analizis xarisxis<br />
gaumjobesebas Savi zRvis qveynebTan<br />
urTierTobis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
akademiuri diskusiis xelSewyobasa<br />
da kooperatiuli qselis Seqmnas<br />
samoqalaqo sazogadoebas da axalgazrda<br />
profesionalebs Soris.<br />
saqarTvelos respublikis pirveli prezidentis vaJma<br />
rejeb Jordaniam sajaro leqcia waikiTxa<br />
akademiuri sabWos gadawyvetilebiT,<br />
norvegiis telemarkis universitetis<br />
xelovnebisa da mecnierebaTa<br />
fakultetis profesors Teimuraz<br />
Rvao istoriis profesori, sazRvao<br />
muzeumis direqtori, ucxouri enebis<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebis avtori da redaqtori.<br />
91 wlis rejeb Jordania universitets<br />
meuRlesTan da qaliSvilTan<br />
erTad ewvia.<br />
profesor Teimuraz abesaZes<br />
sapatio doqtoris wodeba mieniWa<br />
abesaZes baTumis SoTa rusTavelis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis ganviTarebaSi<br />
Setanili wvlilisaTvis sapatio<br />
doqtoris wodeba mieniWa. qarTveli<br />
mecnieris xelSewyobiT turizmis<br />
fakulteti axorcielebs saerTaSoriso<br />
proeqts ,,norvegiaSi, saqarTveloSi<br />
da yirgizeTSi mdgradi turizmis<br />
ganviTarebisa da inovaciebis<br />
sferoSi ganaTleba~. proeqti iTvaliswinebs<br />
erToblivi saganmanaTleblo,<br />
samecniero proeqtebis amoqmedebas da<br />
profesor-maswavleblebis staJirebas.<br />
turizmis fakultetis studentebi<br />
gacvliTi programebis farglebSi<br />
agvistoSi telemarkis universitet-<br />
Si gaemgzavrebian. aseve SemuSavdeba<br />
kurikulimi inovaciebisa da samewarmeo<br />
swavlebis sferoSi. profesor<br />
Teimuraz abesaZis xelSewyobiT<br />
mimdinareobs inovaciuri da mdgradi<br />
turizmis ganviTarebis sakiTxebis kvleva.<br />
reqtoris sapasuxo viziti germaniasa da sloveniaSi<br />
sapasuxo vizitiT universitetis<br />
reqtori, profesori alioSa bakuriZe<br />
iulixis samecniero centrsa da liublianas<br />
universitets ewvia. xuTi dRis<br />
ganmavlobaSi umaRlesi saswavleblis<br />
pirveli piri sloveniis umaRlesi<br />
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis reqtors,<br />
sagareo urTierTobaTa departamentis,<br />
farmaciis fakultetisa da<br />
germaniis sxvadasxva kvleviTi institutis<br />
warmomdgenlebs Sexvda. 13-17<br />
agvistos baTumis SoTa rusTavelis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetSi iulixis<br />
samecniero centris organizebiT<br />
sabunebismetyvelo, sainJinro, agraruli<br />
mecnierebebis aTi mimarTulebiT<br />
sazafxulo skola gaimarTeba,<br />
romelSic monawileobis miReba studentebTan<br />
erTad profesor-maswavleblebsac<br />
SeeZlebaT. germaniis kvleviT<br />
centrTan samomavlo TanamSromloba<br />
memorandumiT ganisazRvreba, romelsac<br />
zafxulSi moewereba xeli. 2012-2013<br />
saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi qimiis specialobis<br />
magistranti liublianas<br />
universitetSi gaemgzavreba saswavlo<br />
kursis gasavlelad.<br />
memorandumi baTumis umaRles saganmanaTleblo<br />
dawesebulebebTan<br />
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis reqtorma alioSa<br />
bakuriZem, baTumis saxelmwifo sazRvao<br />
akademiis reqtoris movaleobis Semsrulebelma<br />
irakli SarabiZem, baTumis<br />
garemos dacvis saerTaSoriso dRes<br />
mieZRvna ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa<br />
fakultetis biologiis specialobis<br />
studentTa vorq-Sopi Temaze: `Cveni<br />
garemo Cvens xelSia~. RonisZiebaSi<br />
momaval biologebTan erTad Warnalis<br />
sajaro skolis moswavleebi<br />
monawileobdnen. axalgazrdebma moxsenebebi<br />
garemosdacvis problemebze,<br />
zRvispira aWaris iSviaT mcenareebze,<br />
cxovrlebsa da mtiralas erovnuli<br />
parkis biomravalferovnebis sakiTxebze<br />
warmoadgines. vorq-Sopi biologiis<br />
departamentis, ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebaTa fakultetis studentTa<br />
TanamSromlobis klubi ,,skola-universiteti”~ dafuZnda<br />
dafuZnda skolisa da baTumis SoTa<br />
rusTavelisa saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
TanamSromlobis klubi ,,skola-universiteti~.<br />
klubi zogadsaganmanaTleblo<br />
dawesebulebebisa da umaRlesi saswavleblis<br />
daaxloebas, samecniero muSaobis<br />
swavlebas, SemecnebiTi RonisZiebebis<br />
organizebas, saganmanaTleblo<br />
proeqtebis momzadebas, kulturuli<br />
RonisieZebebis Catarebasa da niWieri axalgazrdebis<br />
gamovlenas isaxavs miznad.<br />
TanamSromloba xels Seuwyobs saganmanaTleblo<br />
sivrceSi reformirebis<br />
process, gaaRrmavebs studentTa praqtikul<br />
gamocdilebas da gazrdis maswavlebelTa<br />
sertificirebis xarisxs.<br />
TanamSromlobis klubi ganaTlebisa<br />
da mecnierebaTa fakultetis organizebiT<br />
Seiqmna da masSi gawevrianeba yvela<br />
xelovnebis saswavlo universitetis<br />
reqtorma ermile mesxiam da baTumis<br />
navigaciis saswavlo universitetis<br />
reqtorma parmen xvedeliZem TanamSromlobis<br />
memorandums moaweres xeli.<br />
xelSekrulebis farglebSi ganxorcieldeba<br />
erToblivi saganmanaTleblo<br />
programebi da samecniero proeqtebi,<br />
Catardeba konferenciebi, simpoziumebi,<br />
seminarebi da sazafxulo skolebi.<br />
memorandumi aseve iTvaliswinebs profesor-maswavleblebisa<br />
da studentebis<br />
urTierTgacvlas, bakalavriatisa da<br />
magistraturis saswavlo programebis<br />
SemuSavebas, kurikulumebisa da zogadsauniversiteto<br />
modulebis Sedgenas,<br />
biblioTekiT sargeblobas. mxareebi<br />
izruneben sagranto programebis moZiebasa<br />
da ganxorcielebaze.<br />
garemos dacvis saerTaSoriso dRe aRiniSna<br />
cnobili Svedi diplomatisa da<br />
sazogado moRvawis raul valenbergis<br />
xsovnis saRamo gaimarTa. Sedga<br />
Svedi gmirisadmi miZRvnili dokumenturi<br />
filmis Cveneba da gaixsna mis-<br />
biomravalferovnebis klubisa da<br />
studentTa TviTmmarTvelobis organizebiT<br />
gaimarTa.<br />
raul valenbergisadmi miZRvnili saRamo gaimarTa<br />
germaniis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa<br />
da ganviTarebis ministri dirk<br />
nibeli delegaciis wevrebTan erTad<br />
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitets ewvia. stumari umaRlesi<br />
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis reqtoris<br />
moadgileebs, administraciis<br />
xelmZRvanelsa da treningis„`turizmi<br />
mediebSi~ monawile studentebs Sexvda.<br />
ministri media-treningis muSaobis<br />
Sedegebs gaecno da proeqtis farglebSi<br />
turizmis Tematikaze momzadebuli<br />
reportaJi Seafasa. xuTdRiani<br />
swavleba ,,doiCe veles~“akademiis organizebiT<br />
Catarda da iiiIII<br />
saerTaSor-<br />
ive cxovrebis amsaxveli posterebis<br />
gamofena. ungreTis respublikis sagangebo<br />
da sruluflebianma elCma<br />
sandor szaborma, baTumis vice-merma<br />
naTia surgulaZem da aWaris qarTulebrauli<br />
asociaciis xelmZRvanelma<br />
erik krupnikma gmiris cxovrebasa<br />
da moRvaweobaze isaubres. ungreTis<br />
saelCos da aWaris qarTul-ebraul<br />
asociaciis organizebuli saRamos<br />
monawileebma pativi miages Svedi diplomatis<br />
xsovnas da gmiris suraTTan<br />
sanTlebi daanTes. raul valenbergma<br />
meore msoflio omis dros Sveduri<br />
pasportebis gacemiTa da TavSesafrebis<br />
- „Sveduri saxlebis“ saSualebiT<br />
aTiaTasobiT ebraeli sikvdils<br />
gadaarCina. RonisZiebas universitetis<br />
studentebi, profesor-maswavleblebi,<br />
diplomatiuri korpusisa da sazogadeobis<br />
warmomadgenlebi.<br />
universitets germaniis ekonomikuri<br />
TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis ministri ewvia<br />
iso samecniero-praqtikul konferencias<br />
,,mdgradi turizmi: ekonomika da<br />
biznesi~ eZRvneboda.<br />
msurvels SeeZleba. ,,skola-universitetis~<br />
prezentacia kerZo skolis „nikes“<br />
moswavleebis mier momzadebuli Teatralizebuli<br />
warmodgeniT - `vah, droni,<br />
droni!~ dasrulda.
20 ivniss SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis ilia WavWava-<br />
Zis sakonferencio darbazSi (aud. #<br />
55), leqsikografiis ii saerTaSoriso<br />
simpoziumis farglebSi, gaimarTa<br />
gaius svetonius trankvilusis `Tor-<br />
meti keisris cxovrebis~ (profesor marina<br />
giorgaZis mier laTinuri enidan<br />
Sesrulebuli Targmanis) prezentacia.<br />
mTargmneli svetoniusis teqstis Targmanze<br />
1982 wlidan muSaobda. teqstis<br />
nawili, neronis cxovreba gamoica 2009<br />
wels antikuri literaturis anTologiis<br />
iii tomSi, 2011 wels ki `saojaxo<br />
biblioTekis~ (qarTuli biografiuli<br />
centri) seriiT, `100 wigni - adamianebi,<br />
romelTac Secvales samyaro~,<br />
daibeWda keisrebis (iuliusi, avgustusi,<br />
tiberiusi, kaligula, klavdiusi,<br />
neroni) cxovreba. Targmanebs specialistebisa<br />
da mkiTxvelTa dadebiTi<br />
gamoxmaureba mohyva.<br />
gaius svetonius trankvilusi<br />
gamoCenili romaeli istorikosia, antikuri<br />
epoqis biografebSi gamorCeuli<br />
Tavisi weris stiliTa da maneriT.<br />
Mmisi cxovrebis Sesaxeb bevri araferia<br />
cnobili, dabadebis da gardacvalebis<br />
zusti TariRebic ucnobia. mwerali,<br />
romelmac keisrebis cxovebis detalebi<br />
Semogvinaxa, Tavisi Tavis Sesaxeb<br />
TiTqmis arafers gvacnobs.<br />
xelnawerebis mixedviT, misi<br />
sa¬xelia gaius svetonius trankvilusi.<br />
mkvlevrebi mis dabadebis TariRad<br />
daaxloebiT Zveli welTaRricxvis Isaukunis<br />
70-ian wlebis da¬sawyiss asaxeleben<br />
(T. momzeni, m. mase). varaudoben,<br />
rom igi romSi daibada da aqve cxovrobda<br />
ojaxTan erTad. misi winaprebi<br />
mxedarTa wridan unda yofiliyvnen.<br />
karieris TvalsazrisiT svetoniusis<br />
win svla imperatorebis _ traianesa da<br />
adrianes epoqas ukavSirdeba: traianes<br />
dros igi `mecnierebis mdivani~ gaxda,<br />
Semdeg saimperatoro biblioTekis<br />
direqtori, adrianem ki imperatoris<br />
karis mniSvnelovan Tanamdebobaze _<br />
laTinurenovani mimoweris mdivnad<br />
(ab epistulis Latinis) daniSna. imperatoris<br />
kancelariaSi muSaobam, imperatoris<br />
arqivebis xelmisawvdomobam didi samsaxuri<br />
gauwia svetoniuss samwerlo<br />
saqmianobaSi, gansakuTrebiT daexmara<br />
keisrebis cxovrebis aRwerisas.<br />
mkvlevrebi svetoniusis `Tormeti<br />
keisris cxovrebis~ Seqmnis TariRad Zv.<br />
w. 119_122 wlebs asaxeleben. 122 wlidan<br />
svetoniusma imperatoris wyalobac<br />
dakarga da Tanamdebobac; mizezi,<br />
savaraudod, imperatoris karis intrigebi<br />
iyo: mas adrianes colTan, sabinasTan<br />
axlo urTierTobaSi dasdes<br />
brali.<br />
am faqtis Semdeg svetoniusis<br />
cxovrebaze cnobebi ar mogvepoveba,<br />
magram 122 wlis Semdeg dawerili<br />
misi Txzulebebis raodenobis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
mkvlevrebi fiqroben, rom<br />
mas kidev ramdenime aTeuli weli mainc<br />
unda ecocxla, amitom varaudoben, rom<br />
svetoniusi daaxloebiT 130-160 wlebs<br />
Soris unda gardacvliliyo.<br />
svetoniusi cnobili iyo, rogorc<br />
bevri saintereso Txzulebis avtori.<br />
amas Cvenamde moRweuli fragmentebi da<br />
citatebi mowmobs. Bbizantiur enciklopediur<br />
leqsikonSi (`svida~) svetoniusis<br />
rva Txzulebaa CamoTvlili.<br />
maTgan Cvenamde mxolod orma moaRwia,<br />
esenia: `gramatikos¬TadaritorTa Sesaxeb~<br />
(traianes dros dawerili Txzuleba<br />
`gamoCenil kacTa Sesaxeb~) da<br />
wignis prezentacia<br />
`Tormeti keisris cxovreba~. swored<br />
es ukanaskneli iTvleba misi Semoqmedebis<br />
mwvervalad.<br />
svetoniusis `Tormeti keisris<br />
cxovreba~ pirveli Tormeti keisris<br />
cxovrebas asaxavs. teqsti Cvenamde<br />
arasruli saxiTaa<br />
moRweuli. iulius<br />
keisris cxovrebis<br />
pirveli Tavebi<br />
dakargulia, ker-<br />
Zod, Sesavali,<br />
miZRvna septicius<br />
klarusisadmi, avtoriseuli<br />
sa-<br />
Tauri, keisris<br />
genealogia. teqstis<br />
Cvenamde moRweuli<br />
uZvelesi<br />
xelnawerebi IX<br />
saukuniT TariRdeba.<br />
xelnawerebSi<br />
teqsti sxvadasxvagvaradaa<br />
dasa-<br />
Taurebuli. zogi<br />
versiiT svetoniusma<br />
Txzuleba 8 wignad da hyo, maTgan<br />
eqvsi wigni pirveli eqvsi keisris<br />
cxovrebas asaxavs, dawyebuli iuliusidan,<br />
klavdiusis biografiis CaTvliT;<br />
meSvide da merve wigni ki momdevno<br />
sam-sami keisris cxovrebas asaxavs.<br />
svetoniusis mizani, sxva istorikosebisagan<br />
gansxvavebiT, istoriaSi<br />
keisrebis gansakuTrebuli rolis warmoCena<br />
iyo. svetoniusi CamoTvlis da<br />
ganmartavs maT saxelebsa da metsaxelebs,<br />
mogviTxrobs keisrebis warmomavlobaze,<br />
ojaxze, dabadebaze, cxovrebis<br />
sxvadasxva periodze, karieris etapebze,<br />
samxedro operaciebze, gatarebul<br />
reformebsa da, bolos, gardacvalebaze;<br />
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas amaxvilebs<br />
maT xasiaTsa da zne-Cveulebebze,<br />
adamianur<br />
sisusteebze, yoveldRiurcxovrebiseul<br />
wvrilmanebze,<br />
rac biografis wyaroTa<br />
siuxvesa da<br />
mravalferovnebaze<br />
miuTiTebs. Tavis<br />
TxzulebaSi svetoniusi,<br />
antikuri<br />
tradiciis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
aer-<br />
Tianebs rogorc<br />
saistorio, aseve<br />
biografiuli Janris<br />
elementebsa<br />
da Taviseburebebs.<br />
erTis mxriv,<br />
q r o n o l o g i u r i<br />
T a n m i m d e v r o b i T<br />
gadmogvcems imperatorTa<br />
cxovrebas,<br />
meore mxriv, calkeul imeratorTa<br />
cxovrebis aRwerisas, garkveul wilad,<br />
ugulebelyofs qronologias, koncentrirebulia<br />
imperatorTa xasiaTsa<br />
da Sinagan samyaroze da am niSniT<br />
ajgufebs maTi cxovrebis sxvadasxva periodis<br />
epizodebs. svetonusis biografiaTa<br />
sqema garkveuli rubrikebisagan<br />
Sedgeba: jer aRwers keisris cxovrebas<br />
dabadebidan umaRlesi Zalauflebis<br />
mopovebamde, Semdeg detalurad aRwers<br />
mis xasiaTs, pirad cxovrebas, bolos<br />
ki, sicocxlis bolo wuTebsa da<br />
sikvdilis garemoebebs. svetoniusisTvis<br />
mniSvnelovania keisrebi da maTi<br />
cxovreba, misTvis ar arsebobs meorexarisxovani<br />
detalebi, istoriuli<br />
faqtebi da movlenebi mas ainteresebs<br />
imdenad, ramdenadac am procesebSi<br />
mJRavndeba keisarTa pirovnuli Tvisebebi.<br />
epoqis sxva istoriul pirovnebebs<br />
nakleb yuradRebas aqcevs, imdenad,<br />
rom avgustusis biografiaSi<br />
TiTqmis ar axsenebs mecenats, neronis<br />
biografiaSi ki arafers ambobs senekaze.<br />
marTebulad da gonebamaxvilurad<br />
SeniSnavs m. gasparovi, rom svetoniusis<br />
Txzuleba `imperiis istoria ki<br />
ara, imperatorTa istoriaa~.<br />
svetoniusis nawarmoebs kritika ar<br />
dahklebia, mkvlevrebi miuTiTeben Txzulebis<br />
stilis uferulobaze, Txrobis<br />
monotonurobaze, mxatvruli xerxebis<br />
siRaribesa da literaturuli<br />
Rirebulebis, aseve fsiqologizmis<br />
naklebobaze, Tumca unda aRiniSnos,<br />
rom Txzulebis calkeul pasaJebs ar<br />
aklia dramatuloba da eqspresiuli<br />
emociuroba, magaliTad, aseTia neronis<br />
sikvdilis scena.<br />
xSirad miuTiTeben, rom misi,<br />
rogorc istorikosis dideba,<br />
tacitusi¬madajabna, rogorc biografisa<br />
ki _ plutarqosma. miuxedavad<br />
amisa, svetoniusis Txzulebas<br />
seriozuli warmateba xvda wilad.<br />
Txzulebis istoriuli Rirebuleba,<br />
nawarmoebis mTavari personaJebis, romis<br />
imperatorebis _ faqtobrivad,<br />
imdroindeli msoflio mmarTvelebis<br />
mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, udavod<br />
didi iyo. sagulisxmoa, rom momdevno<br />
saukuneebSi swored misi mibaZviT iqmneboda<br />
istoriuli Janris nawarmoebebi.<br />
Txzuleba ara¬erT enaze iTargmna.<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom svetoniusis<br />
`Tormeti keisris cxovreba~ saukuneebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi erT-erTi yvelaze<br />
popularuli saistorio Txzuleba<br />
iyo, romlis mixedviTac mkiTxveli ecnoboda<br />
`diadi da amayi~ romis istorias.<br />
gaius svetonius trankvilusis<br />
`Tormeti keisris cxovrebis~ Targmani,<br />
romlis prezentaciac Sedga,<br />
originalidan, laTinuri enidanaa<br />
Sesrulebuli, rac kidev ufro mniSvnelovans<br />
xdis am gamocemas. mTargmnelma<br />
aRniSna, rom teqstis qarTul<br />
enaze Targmna dasrulebulia da male<br />
darCenili nawilic gamoqveyndeba.<br />
prof. marina giorgaZis mier Sesrulebuli<br />
Targmanis Sesaxeb isaubres<br />
Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis sax.<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis klasikuri<br />
filologiis, bizantinistikisa da<br />
neogrecistikis institutis profesorebma,<br />
cnobilma mTargmnelebma ia<br />
gaguam da nana toniam.<br />
prof. nana tonia: `mTargmnels kargad<br />
aqvs gaTavisebuli svetoniusis wer-<br />
is manera, stili. esaa araCveulebrivad<br />
kargi Targmani, gamarTuli qarTuli<br />
eniT, romelic mxars umSvenebs sxva<br />
brwyinvale qarTul Targmanebs. imeds<br />
gamovTqvam, rom mTargmneli bolomde<br />
miiyvans mis mier ase kargad dawyebul<br />
saqmes da svetoniusis `Tormeti keisris<br />
cxovreba~ qarTveli mkiTxvelisTvisac<br />
samagido wignad iqceva~.<br />
prof. ia gagua: `Targmanis Rirsebebze<br />
aRiniSna da mec veTanxmebi. akmayofilebs<br />
yvela im pirobas, rac karg<br />
Targmans moeTxoveba: Sesrulebulia<br />
dednidan, zustia da kargi qarTuli-<br />
Taa gadmocemuli. didi interesiT da<br />
siamovnebiT gavecani. ramdenime fragmenti<br />
Sevadare dedans da ueWvelia,<br />
rom dednidanaa Sesrulebuli. dasanania,<br />
rom winamdebare gamocemaSi araa<br />
aRniSnuli, rom Targmani laTinuri<br />
enidanaa Sesrulebuli, es unda gaswordes<br />
momdevno gamocemebSi~.“<br />
Targmanis Sesaxeb azri gamoTqves<br />
aseve profesorebma^: Suqia afridoniZem,<br />
marika andrazaSvilma, nino<br />
doborjginiZem, TinaTin margalitaZem,<br />
mamia faRavam, oTar gogoliSvilma.<br />
gamomsvlelebma aRniSnes, rom m. giorgaZis<br />
mier Sesrulebuli Targmani<br />
seriozuli Sromis Sedegia, maRal<br />
donezea Sesrulebuli da kargi Sena-<br />
Zenia mkvlevarTaTvis da mkiTxvelisaTvis.<br />
aseve aRiniSna, rom aucilebelia<br />
Targmanis darCenili nawilis gamocemac.<br />
gaimarTa saintereso diskusia,<br />
zogadad, mTargmnelobiTi saqmianobis<br />
saWirboroto sakiTxebze.<br />
ivnisi<br />
studenturi dReebis<br />
gamarjvebul studentTa<br />
dajildoeba<br />
universitetis reqtorma, profesorma<br />
alioSa bakuriZem, aWaris sportisa<br />
da axalgazrdul saqmeTa departamentis<br />
ufrosma nodar futkaraZem<br />
da fakultetis dekanebma `studenturi<br />
dReebi - 2012~-is, `studenturi universiada<br />
- 2012~-isa da ,,studenturi<br />
dReebi - aWara 2012~-is gamarjvebul<br />
studentebs medlebi, Tasebi, sertifikatebi<br />
da samaxsovro saCuqrebi gadasces.<br />
aWaris mTavrobis mxardaWeriT<br />
SemoqmedebiTi jgufebi TurqeTSi gaemgzavrebian<br />
da rizes universitetSi<br />
koncerts gamarTaven. festivalSi<br />
`studenturi dReebi 2012~ qveynis 30<br />
umaRlesi saswavleblis 2000-mde studenti<br />
monawileobda. axalgazrdebs<br />
saSualeba miecaT sakuTari niWi da<br />
SesaZleblobebi sxvadassxva mimar-<br />
TulebiT warmoeCinaT. konkursi Catarda<br />
rogorc individualur, aseve<br />
jgufur nominaciebSi.<br />
studenturi dReebi TbilisSi,<br />
siRnaRSi, quTaissa da baTumSi erTi<br />
kviris ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda.<br />
TbilisSi, kus tbaze axalgazrduli<br />
festivalis `studenturi dReebi 2012~<br />
daskvniTi saRamo gaimarTa. RonisZiebaze<br />
Teatralizebuli sanaxaobiT, Tanamedrove<br />
da xalxuri cekviT, simReriTa<br />
da iumoristuli warmodgeniT<br />
festivalis farglebSi gamovlenili<br />
saukeTeso saswavleblebi warsdgnen.<br />
daskvniT saRamoze Jiurim `studenturi<br />
dReebi 2012~-is gamarjvebulebi<br />
gamoavlina sxvadasxva nominaciaSi.<br />
didi warmateba xvda wilad baTumis<br />
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
SemoqmedebiT jgufebs. studentebma<br />
pirveloba moipoves sxvadasxva<br />
nomianciaSi, kerZod:<br />
. `saukeTeso Tanamedrove cekva~ _<br />
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis Tanamedrove cekvis<br />
jgufi “M-STYLe ”;<br />
. `saukeTeso Tanamedrove instrumentuli<br />
jgufi~ _ baTumis SoTa<br />
rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
bendi `lazguri~;<br />
. `studenturi dReebis aRmoCena~ _<br />
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis jgufi “M_STYLE”.<br />
`universiada - 2012~-Si saqarTvelos<br />
25 umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo<br />
dawesebulebis studentebi monawileobdnen.<br />
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis studentebma<br />
Svid saxeobaSi warmoaCines sakuTari<br />
SesaZleblobebi. berZnul-romaul<br />
WidaobaSi 2 oqros, 1 - vercxlis<br />
da 3 - brinjaos medali moipoves; Tavisufal<br />
WidaobaSi 1 oqros, 1 vercxlis<br />
da 2 brinjaos medali, mSvildosnobaSi<br />
- ori oqros, 1 vercxlis da<br />
1- brinjaos.<br />
axalgazrda sportsmenebma warmatebulad<br />
iasparezes aseve mklavWidis,<br />
mZleosnobisa da magidis CogburTis<br />
pirvelobaze. mklavWidSi 1 vercxlis<br />
da 3 brinjaos medali, mZleosnobaSi -<br />
1 vercxlis, xolo magidis CogburTSi<br />
1 brinjaos medali moipoves.<br />
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universiteti CarTuli iyo<br />
agreTve aWaris sportisa da axalgazrdobis<br />
saqmeTa departamentis organizebiT<br />
qobuleTSi gamarTul ,,studenturi<br />
dReebi _ aWara 2012~-Si.<br />
universitetis qoreografiulma ansamblma<br />
`tbeTma~ cekvis `qalTa xorumis~<br />
SesrulebiT saukeTeso originaluri<br />
nomris nominaciaSi gaimarjva. minifexburTis<br />
pirvelobaze rsu-s nakrebma<br />
meore adgili daikava.
ivnisi<br />
Cveni garemo Cvens xelSia<br />
marTlac, amodena samyaro-<br />
Si mxolod dedamiwas ergo es<br />
dafaseba, mxolod mis mkerdze<br />
dian yvavilebis lamazi mdeloebiT<br />
damSvenebuli dedamiwis<br />
cisferi ZarRvebi - mdinareebi,<br />
mxolod mas adgas<br />
Tavze samyaros gvirgvini -<br />
adamiani.<br />
da .... am unikalur planetas,<br />
swored adamianis mier<br />
aqvs miyenebuli amdeni<br />
ekologiuri problema da gasaWiri,<br />
amitom isev adamianma<br />
unda umkurnalos mas.<br />
`Cveni garemo Cvens xelSia~<br />
da ufrosi Taobebis gulgri-<br />
lobiT (an ucodinarobiT)<br />
gafuWebuli saqme momavalma<br />
Taobebma unda gamovasworoT,<br />
amisaTvis ki kargad, sworad<br />
unda verkveodeT am problemebSi.<br />
amitom iyo, rom didi interesiT<br />
miviReT monawileoba<br />
5 ivniss garemos dacvis saer-<br />
TaSoriso dRisadmi miZRvnil<br />
RonisZiebaSi: `Cveni garemo<br />
Cvens xelSia~, romelic gaimar-<br />
Ta biologiis departamentis,<br />
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa<br />
fakultetis studentTa biomravalferovnebis<br />
klubisa da<br />
studentTa TviTmmarTvelobis<br />
organizebiT. amave deviziT<br />
Catarebul konferenciaze movusmineT<br />
saintereso moxsenebebs,<br />
davaTvaliereT baTumis<br />
botanikuri baRi, gavecaniT<br />
mis istorias, dRevandelobas,<br />
mniSvnelobas.<br />
Cveni skolis - Warnalis<br />
sajaro skolis da baTumis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
biologiis departamentis<br />
urTierTobas ukve tradicia<br />
hqvia. bevri welia, rac Cveni<br />
skolis moswavleebi aqtiur<br />
monawileobas vRebulobT<br />
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa<br />
fakultetis biologiis departamentSi<br />
Catarebul Savi<br />
zRvis, dedamiwis dRis,<br />
garemos dacvis dRisadmi<br />
miZRvnil RonisZiebebSi:<br />
vusmenT da studentebsac vuziarebT<br />
Cvens azrebs, erTad<br />
vTamaSobT saxaliso inteleqtualur<br />
TamaSs: `ra? sad?<br />
rodis?~ ekologiis sakiTxe-<br />
`sicocxle aris mxolod miwaze,<br />
mxolod mis gaSlil gulis ficarze~<br />
bze, erTad vasufTavebT zRvis<br />
sanapiros, vrgavT nergebs<br />
Tikeris tye-parkSi da a.S.<br />
moswavleebi vecnobiT sauniversiteto<br />
cxovrebas, auditoriebs,<br />
laboratoriebs,<br />
vumegobrdebiT studentebs....<br />
es urTierToba calmxrivi<br />
ar aris. Tavis mxriv universitetis<br />
biologiis departamentis<br />
TanamSromlebi Cven-<br />
Tan xSirad modian skolaSi,<br />
gvikiTxaven leqciebs CvenTvis<br />
saintereso sakiTxebze, gvacnoben<br />
fakultetis saqmianobas,<br />
mniSvnelobas. am urTierTobis<br />
CamoyalibebaSi didi wv-<br />
lili miuZRvis fakultetis<br />
dekans marina qoriZes, biologiis<br />
depatamentis xelmZ-<br />
Rvanels daviT baraTaSvils,<br />
fakultetis sabunebismetyvelo<br />
mimarTulebis studentTa<br />
biomravalferovnebis klubis<br />
xelmZRvanels eTer jayels,<br />
risTvisac Tqveni gazeTis sa-<br />
SualebiT maT madloba minda<br />
gadavuxado.<br />
aseve madloba minda vuTxra<br />
Cveni skolis qimiis maswavlebels<br />
naira jayels da sabunebismetyvelo<br />
mecnierebaTa kaTedris<br />
gamges manoli baramiZes,<br />
romlebmac tradiciad Camoayalibes<br />
skolaSi Savi zRvisa<br />
da dedamiwis dRis kvireulebi,<br />
gvexmarebian universitet-<br />
Tan urTierTobaSi.<br />
wels, 5 ivniss, garemos<br />
dacvis saerTaSoriso dRisadmi<br />
miZRvnil RonisZiebaze<br />
gamovxateT Cveni survili,<br />
rom Semdgomi garemos dacvis<br />
saerTaSoriso dRe kvlav er-<br />
Tad aRvniSnoT, oRond Cvens<br />
sofelSi da ulamazes buneba-<br />
Si CavataroT gasvliTi konferencia.<br />
mokled, gafuWebuls mxolod<br />
Rrma codniT Tu gamovasworebT,<br />
amitom meti unda<br />
viswavloT, iqneb gadavarCinoT<br />
garemo, romlis bedi namdvilad<br />
Cvens xelSia.<br />
Warnalis skolis<br />
moswavleTa saxeliT<br />
Xi klasis moswavle<br />
qeTino daviTiani<br />
dedabruli xeli _– qarTuli<br />
kriptografiis erT-erTi saxe<br />
saqarTvelo rom erT-erTi<br />
unikaluri damwerlobis sam-<br />
Sobloa, dRes msoflioSi<br />
yvelasTvis kargadaa cnobili.<br />
Zvel saqarTveloSi Seiqmna<br />
saidumlo damwerlobis sistemebi.<br />
qarTuli saidumlo damwerlobis<br />
uZvelesi nimuSebi me–<br />
10 saukunidan gvaqvs. qarTul<br />
kriptogramebSi sayuradRebo<br />
cnobebia werilobiTi Zeglebis<br />
gadamwerTa, gadaweris adgilisa<br />
Tu TariRis Sesaxeb. swored<br />
qarTuli kriptografiis erTerT<br />
nimuSze gveqneba saubari,<br />
romelic ixmareboda gamahmadianebul<br />
qarTul mosaxleobaSi,<br />
umTavresad qalebSi.<br />
sayovelTaod cnobilia,<br />
rom XVI I I saukunis meore naxevridan<br />
TurqTa batonobis<br />
qveS aWara eqceva. adgilobrivi<br />
mosaxleoba ver urigdeboda<br />
osmalTa mier ZaliT Tavs moxveul<br />
mahmadis sjuls da mis<br />
reJims. dampyroblebi cdilobdnen<br />
aWarlebSi mieZinebinaT<br />
erovnuli grZnoba, daeviwyebinaT<br />
yvelaferi, rac<br />
maT mama-papasTan akavSirebdaT.<br />
“yovel aWarels, SavSels,<br />
livanels, maWaxlels da sxvaTac<br />
metad didi sisxli aqvsT osmalT<br />
winaSe daRvrili sjulisa<br />
da qveynis gulisTvin”- ase<br />
gvauwyeben qarTuli wyaroebi<br />
im avbediTi epoqis Sesaxeb.<br />
mtarvalTa sisastikis<br />
miuxedavad mosaxleoba laparakobda<br />
qarTulad da qarTul<br />
zne-Cveulebebs inarCunebda.<br />
maT Semoinaxes xalxuri sibrZnis,<br />
qarTuli damwerlobis<br />
uZvelesi nimuSebi - sakuTari<br />
identurobis ZiriTadi niSani,<br />
qarTvelobis SenarCunebis um-<br />
Tavresi piroba.<br />
mitacebul provinciebs qarTveli<br />
faSebi da begebi mar-<br />
Tavdnen, ar Seqmnila arcerTi<br />
kulturis Zegli, arcerTi wigni<br />
Tu mxatvruli nawarmoebi.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom Cveneburi<br />
qali mudam erTguli coli<br />
da deda iyo. qarTuli enisa<br />
da erovnuli cnobierebis ardamkargavni<br />
mamakacTan erTad<br />
ebrZodnen yofna-aryofnis dam-<br />
Trgunvel gansacdels. eris<br />
dideba da mSveneba qarTuli<br />
ena daicves “xanumebma” - muslimanma<br />
qalbatonebma. amave<br />
xanumebis wyalobiT ar moispo<br />
qarTuli wera.<br />
cnobilia, rom aWarisa da<br />
osmalos mahmadian qarTvelobaSi<br />
ukanasknel dromde daculi<br />
qarTuli damwerlobis gansakuTrebuli<br />
saxe cnobili iyo<br />
“dedabruli xelis” saxelwodebiT,<br />
radgan mas umTavresad<br />
qalebi xmarobdnen.<br />
“dedabruli” damwerlobis<br />
Sesaxeb mwiri cnobebia samecniero<br />
literaturaSi. Mmas gakvriT<br />
exebian: iv. javaxiSvili, sim.<br />
janaSia, dim. baqraZe, T. saxokia,<br />
ap. wulaZe, x. axvlediani<br />
da a. S. T. saxokia aRniSnavs:<br />
“rogorc sxvagan, aqac (aWaraSi<br />
m. x.) Cveni eris burjebad mandilosnebi<br />
iTvlebian. maT Soris<br />
aris daculi Zveleburi<br />
qarTuli wera” da iqve warmogvidgens<br />
maSindeli aWareli<br />
qalebis damwerlobis nimuSs.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom Cvenamde<br />
moRweulia “dedabruli xeliT”<br />
Sesrulebuli ramdenime<br />
xelnaweri (qarTul xelnawerTa<br />
aRweriloba, sabuTi 1258 a, da<br />
1258 b). am Canaweridan vigebT,<br />
rom xelnaweri viRac qobule-<br />
Tel muhajirs ruseT-TurqeTis<br />
omis (1877-78 ww.) dros osmaleTSi<br />
wauRia, xolo 1908 wels<br />
ukanve qobuleTSi daubrunebia.<br />
dedabruli xeliTaa Sesrulebuli<br />
zemo aWaris mkvidr sinei<br />
xanum ximSiaSvilis avtografi<br />
erT-erT rusul oficialur<br />
dokumentze.Aap. wulaZe wers:<br />
“Cems ymawvilobaSi aseTi xeliT<br />
swerdnen guriaSi moxucebuli<br />
qalebi” .<br />
Ddamwerlobis am saxis nimuSebi<br />
dResac moipoveba<br />
“TurqeTis saqarTveloSi.” facis<br />
raionis sofel kabaxtarSi<br />
Cvenma maspinZelma, xasan-Taxsim<br />
beJaniZem dagvaTvalierebina<br />
winaparTa mier aSenebuli<br />
saxli, sadac buxarze kargadaa<br />
Semonaxuli “dedabruli xeliT”<br />
Sesrulebuli warwera:<br />
“am qemeris gamkeTebels gaxseneba<br />
unda” (qemeri-Turq., buxris<br />
sartyeli).<br />
stambulis qarTvel kaTolikeTa<br />
monasterTan arsebuli<br />
akaki wereTlis saxelobis biblioTekis<br />
sacavSi, profesorma<br />
SuSana futkaraZem aRmoaCina<br />
gazeT “saqarTvelos” (1916 w.<br />
# 274) erT-erT nomeri, am nomris<br />
asli qalbatonma SuSanam<br />
me gadmomca. apolon wulaZis<br />
statiaSi “qarTveli muslimanebi<br />
da qarTuli wera” vkiTxulobT:<br />
“sakvirveli is aris,<br />
rom qarTuli ena da qarTuli<br />
“wignis” (werilis) wera ar<br />
dauviwyniaT aWara-qobuleTidan<br />
wasulebs - muxajirebs.<br />
lazistanSi (osmaleTis samefo-<br />
Si) q. aTinis maxloblad, sof.<br />
eskitrapizonSi cxovrobs 90<br />
komlamde qarTveli muslimani.<br />
maTSi, garda oriode komlisa,<br />
qobuleTidan arian muxajiraT<br />
wasulni am 40 wlis winad.<br />
cxadia, maT naTesavebi hyavT<br />
darCenili CvenSi (qobuleTaWaraSi)<br />
da maTTan kavSiri ar<br />
gauwyvetiaT.” apolon wulaZe<br />
dasZens, rom eskitrapzonelebi<br />
menaveobas misdeven da am mezRvaurTa<br />
xeliT iqauri xanumebi<br />
(qalebi) aqaurebs mokiTxvis<br />
wigns xSirad ugzavnian.<br />
“dedabruli xeliT” Sesrulebuli<br />
erTi aseTi wigni<br />
am omis Semdegac miiRo erTma<br />
qobuleTelma –wers apolon<br />
wulaZe. iqauri swers: “aqauroba<br />
rusebma eiRes, Tqven<br />
bednieri xarT, rom Tqvens<br />
qveyanaSi xarT, moxajiroba<br />
ar ifiqroT da Tqvens qveyanas<br />
gaufrTxildiTo, omamdi<br />
ki miwer-mowera, misvla-mosvla<br />
xSirad iyo”... gazeT “saqarTveloSi”<br />
dabeWdilia siTboTi<br />
da siyvaruliT savse mokiTxvis<br />
werili, imis sanimuSod, Tu<br />
rogori qarTuliT saubroben<br />
ucxo saxelmwifoSi, ucxoTa<br />
Soris Sexiznuli qarTveli<br />
muslimanebi. es werili ap. wulaZisTvis<br />
qobuleTel qemal<br />
noRaidels “dedabruli xeliT”<br />
Sesrulebuli karabadiniTurT<br />
gadaucia. SemdgomSi<br />
es karabadini wera-kiTxvis<br />
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebisTvis<br />
gadauciaT. es swored<br />
is karabadinia, razec zemoT<br />
gvqonda saubari.<br />
vinme gurul yenias guria-<br />
Si kaci Semokvdomia, qobuleT-<br />
Si gadavardnila da iq muslimanoba<br />
miuRia, saxelad misTvis<br />
dileveri daurqmeviaT; dileveric<br />
aTinaSi gadasaxlebula.<br />
da ai, misi qaliSvili, noRaidelis<br />
meuRle, mokiTxvis wigns<br />
ugzavnis Tavis muls, sulTanes.<br />
sulTane-xanumi Tavis ZmasTan<br />
yofila eskitrapzonSi da iq<br />
gaucnia Tavisi rZali. saocari<br />
siTboTi da siyvaruliT savse,<br />
dedabruli xeliT Sesrulebuli,<br />
werilis “mxedrul”<br />
versias gvTavazobs ap. wulaZe<br />
Tavis statiaSi: “bedniero,<br />
bednieraT gasaxsenebelo, Cemo<br />
amosavalo sulo da sicocxleo,<br />
Seni gaxsenebis Wirime,<br />
Cemo derdisa da sixarulis<br />
moziarev. gwers Seni umsaxuri<br />
rZali, didis sinatruliT. selams<br />
mogaxseneb, dielav (dao),<br />
Seni gaxsenebis Wirime! dielav.<br />
sikvdili CvenTanaa, dielav,<br />
Semogere... Cven Tu gvikiTxav,<br />
Zalin kargaT varT, Sens karqa<br />
yofnas Tu Segvatyobieb, Sen<br />
ici da Senma qalobam. dielav,<br />
awi Sens qaliSvils, xurmis xanums,<br />
selami da “xeirduas” mim-<br />
irTvi. maTi gaxsenebis Wirime...<br />
Sens Zmiswulebs Tu ikiTxavT,<br />
kargaT arian.”<br />
rogorc Cans, “dedabruls”<br />
muhajiri qarTvelebi iyenebdnen<br />
faruli mimowerisas.<br />
“dedabruli xeliT” Sesrulebuli<br />
mokiTxvis werilebi SeniRbuli<br />
tipisaa.<br />
dimitri baqraZe Tavis<br />
“mogzaurobaSi” wers: “iq<br />
dRemde xmaroben qarTul damwerlobasac,<br />
magram igi, Tu ar<br />
SeeCvie, ZnelaT gaarCev. yovel<br />
SemTxvevaSi qobulur-aWaruli<br />
werilebi, romlebic guriaSi<br />
miCvenes, Znelad ikiTxeba.<br />
maTi Tavisebureba is aris,<br />
rom zogi asos forma sagrZnoblad<br />
Secvlili an damaxinjebulia,<br />
garda amisa sityvebSi<br />
Tanxmovnebs Soris metwilad<br />
CarTulia sruliad arasaWiro<br />
xmovani i”. igi amgvari weris<br />
nimuSsac aqveynebs.<br />
imas, rom “dedabruli xeliT”<br />
wera aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda<br />
guriasa da qobuleT-aWaraSi,<br />
mowmobs baTumis<br />
saxelmwifo muzeumSi daculi<br />
xelnaweri, romelic sam furcelzea<br />
Sesrulebuli da ekuTvnis<br />
aWyvisTavel ruqie inaiSvili<br />
- romanaZes. erT furcelze<br />
mokiTxvis werilia, romelic<br />
nawilobriv amoikiTxa awgansvenebulma<br />
al. qaTamaZem.<br />
profesorma SuSana futkara-<br />
Zem axlaxans momawoda niko ber-<br />
ZeniSvilis saxelobis kvleviTi<br />
institutis sacavSi daculi<br />
1962 wels Sesrulebuli “dedabruli”<br />
anbanis nimuSi, romelic<br />
ekuTvnis 105 wlis Waxa-<br />
Tel xoSneT baJunaiSvils. iqve<br />
aris minaweri: “me mogaxusenefu<br />
xoSeneTi baJunaiSuvili”.<br />
Cvens xelT arsebuli masala<br />
gvaZlevs imis Tqmis saSualebas,<br />
rom “mxedrulis tipis<br />
damwerlobis erT-erT grafikul<br />
maxasiaTebels qmnis asoTa<br />
kuTxovani moxazuloba. rig<br />
SemTxvevaSi igi sakmaod Sordeba<br />
“mxedruls” da ucnauri<br />
soliseburi grafemis saxiTaa<br />
warmodgenili. imdenad ucnauri,<br />
rom sxva analogiuri, Cvens<br />
xelT arsebuli, xelnawerebisagan<br />
sakmaod gansxvavebulia.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom ukve<br />
xelT gvaqvs “dedabruli” anbani,<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom igi<br />
sakmaod rTuli dawerilobaa<br />
da Wirs xelnawerTa srulyofilad<br />
amokiTxva, rasac<br />
arTulebs is, rom sityvebi<br />
gadabmulia, maT Soris intervali<br />
ar aris, ar dasturdeba<br />
arcerTi punqtuaciuri niSani.<br />
yvela am niSanTan erTad,<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovania, is, rom<br />
TiToeuli maTganisaTvis niSandoblivia<br />
xmovanTa siWarbe:<br />
“suxuva ra mokuwero; mogaxusenef;<br />
madulobeli var...” faruli<br />
mimowerisTvis gamiznuli<br />
xelnawerebi kidev ufro rTulad<br />
ikiTxeba. erTi ram ki cxadia,<br />
“dedabruli xeli,” nimu-<br />
Sia qarTuli kriptografiuli<br />
damwerlobis sistemisa, romelic<br />
ixmareboda gamahmadianebul<br />
qarTul mosaxleobaSi,<br />
umTavresad qalebSi.<br />
da bolos davsZenT, “dedabruli”,<br />
rogorc qarTuli<br />
kriptografiis nimuSi, “qar-<br />
Tul damwerlobaTmcodneobaSi”<br />
ar aris ganxiluli.<br />
saWiroa, igi momavalSi ganvixiloT<br />
anjanuris, anhoeuris,<br />
anCinuris, saTvalavadi, ukudawerilobiTi<br />
sarkiseburi<br />
kriptografiuli damwerlobis<br />
sistemebis gverdiT. Aqve aRvniSnav,<br />
rom ganvagrZobT misi<br />
grafikuli Taviseburebebis<br />
(riTac igi radikalurad gansxvavdeba<br />
yvela sxva qarTuli<br />
kriptografiis sistemebisagan).<br />
Seswavlas da kvlevis Sedegebs<br />
gavacnobT mkiTxvels.<br />
mzia xaxutaiSvili
studentTa naxatebisa da<br />
nakeTobebis gamofena<br />
2012 wlis 25 maiss iuridiul mecnierebaTa departamentis<br />
20 wlis Tavisadmi miZRvnili studentTa naxatebisa<br />
da nakeTobebis gamofena gaixsna, sadac warmodgenili<br />
iyo samarTalmcodneobis specialobis studentebis namuSevrebi.<br />
isini, vinc mosamarTleobasa da prokurorobaze<br />
ocnoben, aRmoCnda rom mravalmxrivi niWiTac<br />
yofilan dajildoebulebni. gamofenas SoTa rusTavelis<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis reqtori, profesori alioSa<br />
bakuriZe da universitetis profesor-maswavleblebi stumrobdnen.<br />
warmodgenilma namuSevrebma didi STabeWdileba<br />
moaxdina damTvalierebelze.<br />
gamofenaze warmodgenili<br />
namuSevrebis avtorebi<br />
iyvnen: ana resuliZe, daviT<br />
ananiZe, sofiko sonRulaSvili,<br />
laSa daviTaZe, Tamar<br />
oganova, nestan abeslamiZe,<br />
rusudan falavandiSvili, ana<br />
gorgaZe. swored ramdenime<br />
maTgani esaubra gazeT `baTumis<br />
universitets~ da zogierTi<br />
saidumloc gaando:<br />
sofiko sonRulaSvili<br />
2010 wels baTumis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetSi socialur<br />
mecnierebaTa, biznesisa<br />
da samarTlmcodneobis<br />
fakultetze Cairicxa. samar-<br />
Tamlcodneobis specialobis<br />
meore kursis studenti<br />
ambobs, rom xatva bavSvobidanve<br />
itacebda: `dRes xatva<br />
Cemi hobia. rogori daRlilic<br />
unda viyo, roca vxatav,<br />
vmSviddebi da sulierad<br />
visveneb. aqve aRvniSnav,<br />
rom samxatvro skolaSi ar<br />
miswavlia da Sesabamisad,<br />
arc specialuri ganaTleba<br />
mimiRia. miuxedavad amisa,<br />
konkursebSi moanawileobis<br />
miReba yovelTvis mitacebda.<br />
TbilisSi, cisfer galeareaSi<br />
mqonda naxatebis gamofena da<br />
saqarTvelos masStabiT mesame<br />
adgili aviRe. rasac dRevandel<br />
gamofenaze xedavT,<br />
amaTgan naxati `Celuskinebi~<br />
Sesulia katalogSi, namuSevarSi<br />
saxelwodebiT `Ta-<br />
Taraoba~, laureatis wodeba<br />
maqvs miRebuli~.<br />
daviT ananiZe: `pirvel rig-<br />
Si, samarTalmcodneobis specialobis<br />
meore kursis stu-<br />
denti var. xatva Cemi hobia.<br />
Zalian patara asakidan vxatav<br />
da arc samxatvro ganaTleba<br />
maqvs, magram sofikosgan gansxvavebiT,<br />
am mimarTulebiT<br />
konkursebSi monawileoba<br />
namdvilad ar mimiRia. aseTi<br />
farTo auditoriis winaSe<br />
Cemi namuSevrebi pirvelad<br />
warvadgine. gvixaria, rom<br />
miuxedavad Cveni araprofesionalizmisa,<br />
gamofenam<br />
didi STabeWdileba datova<br />
damTvalierebelze~.<br />
naxatebis garda gamofenaze<br />
originalurad moqarguli<br />
da naqsovi nivTebic<br />
iyo warmodgenili. es ki nestan<br />
abeslamiZis gatacebaa:<br />
`kinTiT muSaoba Cemi sayvareli<br />
saqmianobaa, rac 6-7<br />
wlis asakSi bebiam maswavla.<br />
Tavisufal dros yovelTvis<br />
kinTviT var dakavebuli.<br />
CemTvis es gantvirTvis erTerTi<br />
saukeTeso saSualebaa~.<br />
laSa daviTaZe, romelic<br />
pirvelkurselia, saskolo<br />
asakidan xatavs. specialuri<br />
ganaTleba ar miuRia. igi mxardaWerisTvis<br />
baton murman<br />
gorgoSaZes madlobas uxdis.<br />
studentTa naxatebisa<br />
da xelnakeTebis gamofena<br />
iuridiul mecnierebaTa departamentis<br />
xelmZRvanelma<br />
batonma murman gorgoSaZem<br />
moawyo. saorganizacio saqmianoba<br />
ki samarTalmcodnebis<br />
specialobis meore kursis<br />
studentma maka doliZem uzrunvelyo.<br />
fotogamofena<br />
ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi<br />
gagrZelda.<br />
sikeTis `qmna~ yvelas<br />
rodi ZaluZs. igi rCeul-<br />
Ta xvedria! rCeulTa xvedri,<br />
romlebic fiqroben,<br />
rom mze yvelasTvis erTnairad<br />
anaTebs, rom yvelas<br />
aqvs ufleba, hqondes saSualeba<br />
arsebobis, cxovrebis<br />
warmarTvis. keTili adamianebi<br />
ki cotani arian, magram<br />
vidre isini arian, qveyanaze<br />
feradi sxivebi mudam iarsebebs.<br />
saqarTvelos yoveli<br />
kuTxe Taviseburad lamazia,<br />
TiToeul maTgans gansxvavebuli<br />
xibli da tradiciebi<br />
aqvs. Aamitom ar meguleba<br />
adamiani, romelsac ocnebad<br />
ar hqondes Cveni mSvenieri<br />
samSoblos yoveli kunWulis<br />
daTvaliereba.<br />
erTxel leqciis Semdeg,<br />
Tavisufal dros, Cveni<br />
,,maTematikis swavlebis<br />
meTodikis~ leqtori asocirebuli<br />
profesori – batoni<br />
SoTa maxaraZe gviyveboda im<br />
eqskursiis Sesaxeb, romelic<br />
moawyo svaneTSi gasul wels<br />
dawyebiTi ganaTlebis specialobis<br />
iiiIII,<br />
axlandeli IV<br />
kursisTvis. Ggvesaubreboda<br />
im saocari bunebis Sesaxeb,<br />
romelic RmerTma svaneTs<br />
uxvad uboZa. Astudentebs<br />
Tan axlda Cveni kuratori,<br />
asistent profesori darejan<br />
gelaZe, romelmac wels<br />
Zalian didi survili gamoTqva,<br />
rom Cvenc gvenaxa es<br />
saocari adgilebi. gegmis<br />
ganxorcieleba Zalian did<br />
xarjebTan iyo dakavSirebuli.<br />
am problemuri sakiTxis<br />
mogvarebas batoni SoTa<br />
maxaraZe Segvpirda, amitom<br />
survilic bevrma gamoTqva.<br />
Cven didi sixaruliT velodebodiT<br />
am DdReebs, radgan<br />
batoni SoTa is pirovnebaa,<br />
romelic dapirebas yovelTvis<br />
asrulebs.<br />
Ddadga es nanatri dRec da<br />
2012 wlis 14 ivniss batoni<br />
SoTas da Cveni kuratoris<br />
darejan gelaZis didi mondomebis<br />
wyalobiT 40 studenti<br />
ori mikroavtobusiT<br />
gavudeqiT svaneTis gzas.<br />
Ggza marTlac Zalian didi<br />
aRmoCnda, magram Zalian mxiaruli<br />
da saintereso. Mmgzavrobisas<br />
erTi wuTiT ar<br />
SeCerebula simRera, cekva<br />
da TamaSi, raSic studentebTan<br />
erTad batoni SoTa<br />
da qalbatoni darejanic<br />
monawileobdnen. Ppirvelad<br />
sadac gavCerdiT es iyo en-<br />
Aaxdenili ocneba<br />
gurhesi, rac Zalian saintereso<br />
sanaxavi iyo. Semdeg<br />
isev ganvagrZeT gza: saocari<br />
surneleba xvdeboda ynosvas,<br />
yvavilebis da Taflis surneli<br />
erTmaneTSi ireoda,<br />
kldeebidan CanCqeri eSveboda,<br />
kavkasionze isev Tov-<br />
li moCanda. camde awvdili<br />
qedebi tyiT daburuliyo,<br />
mwvaneSi gaxveuliyo aremare,<br />
am saocnebis mnaxvels<br />
SeuZlebelia ar eTqva: ,,dailocos<br />
Cveni madliani saqarTvelo~.”<br />
sanam mestiaSi SevidodiT,<br />
gavCerdiT sofel latalSi<br />
batoni SoTas Zmadnaficis<br />
muxran girgvlianis ojaxSi.<br />
gagvaoca maTma stumarTmaspinZlobam,<br />
ormoc kacs saxlis<br />
kari gagviRes da sami<br />
dRis ganmavlobaSi yuradRebas<br />
ar gvaklebdnen. am<br />
ojaxisagan SevityveT, rom<br />
Cven vimyofebodiT ubatono<br />
svaneTSi, sadac jer aravis<br />
ubatonia, romelic jer<br />
geografiuli mdebareobiT,<br />
xolo Semdeg am xalxis Zalian<br />
didi simamaciT aris<br />
gamorCeeuli. aseve maT si-<br />
Zliereze Zalian did gavlenas<br />
axdenda svanuri ko-<br />
Skebi, romelic saukeTeso<br />
TavdacviT saSualebas warmoadgenda.<br />
Cven piradad<br />
movinaxuleT svanuri koSkebi<br />
da davrwmundiT, rom es mxare<br />
gansakuTrebiT mdidaria<br />
kulturuli RirsSesaniSnaobebiT.<br />
kerZod, sofel<br />
latalSi vnaxeT macxovris<br />
amaRlebis eklesia, romelic<br />
X-Xii saukuneebiT TariRdeba.<br />
aqve vnaxeT is saocari<br />
adgilebi, sadac gadaRebulia<br />
popularuli qarTuli<br />
filmebi ,,svani~. vnaxeT ioane<br />
ivnisi<br />
winaswarmetyvelis eklesia.<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
rac SemiZlia vTqva is aris,<br />
rom vimyofebodiT sofel<br />
uSgulSi. sityva uSgulis<br />
etimologias ,,uSiSar guls~<br />
ukavSireben. kerZod am soflis<br />
iqeT aris erTi mxriv<br />
ruseTi, xolo meore mxares<br />
yabaldo balkaneTi. aqedan<br />
kargad Cans mwvervali Sxara.<br />
aqve movinaxuleT lamarias<br />
RvTismSoblis saxelobis<br />
taZari, romelic IX-X saukuneebs<br />
ekuTvnis. ,,lamaria~<br />
svanuria da mariams niSnavs.<br />
taZars Semortymuli aqvs galavani,<br />
igi bazilikis tipisaa.<br />
uSgulSi da saerTod<br />
svaneTSi, uamravi ucxoeli<br />
turisti Segvxda, maT Soris<br />
germaneli eqimi, romelsac<br />
piradad vesaubreT, fotoebic<br />
gadaviReT. dasasruls<br />
ki minda aRvniSno, rom ramac<br />
daagvirgvina Cveni es sasiamovno<br />
DdReebi _ es iyo<br />
sabagiro, romlis saSualebiTac<br />
uzarmazar mwvervalze<br />
avediT. iqedan mTeli<br />
mestia xelisguliviT mo-<br />
Canda, iSleboda ulamazesi<br />
xedebi. Semdeg davbrundiT<br />
Cveni maspinZlis ojaxSi, uRrmesi<br />
madloba gadavuxadeT<br />
maspinZlobisaTvis da aRfr-<br />
Tovanebulebi, siaxleebiT<br />
datvirTulebi 16 ivniss<br />
gamovemarTeT baTumisaken,<br />
gamoviareT zugdidSi dadianebis<br />
saxl-muzeumSi.<br />
Turme yofilan qveyanaze<br />
adamianebi, romlebsac Seu-<br />
ZliaT studentebis gulis<br />
gaTboba da sasikeTo saqmeebis<br />
keTeba, RmerTma gvimravlos<br />
aseTi leqtorebi, ufali<br />
iyos maTi Semwe.<br />
dawyebiTi ganaTlebis III<br />
kursi Zalian did madlobas<br />
gixdiT ocnebis axdenisTvis.<br />
es dReebi mTeli cxovrebis<br />
manZilze dauviwyari iqneba<br />
CvenTvis<br />
gmadlobT, es Zalian patara<br />
sityvaa, magram ar arsebobs<br />
sityvebi, romlebsac<br />
SeeZlebaT gamoxaton Cveni<br />
madliereba da aRweron<br />
grZnoba, rac Tqvens mimarT<br />
gvaqvs batono SoTa da qalbatono<br />
darejan. amitom,<br />
mxolod am ubralo, magram<br />
jadosnuri sityviT mogmar-<br />
TavT _ `gmadlobT, mTeli<br />
guliT gmadlobT~!“<br />
dawyebiTi ganaTlebis<br />
specialobis III kursis<br />
saxeliT<br />
marine romanaZe
ivnisi<br />
mieci niWsa gza<br />
farTo...<br />
`mecnierebis naTesi xalxis samkalad<br />
aRmocendeba~, - brZenis es Segoneba<br />
cxovrebis megzurad hqonda<br />
Suaxevis saSualo skolis me-10 klasis<br />
warCinebul moswavles ramin cinariZes,<br />
roca ramdenime TanatolTan er-<br />
Tad, pirvelma moipova memed abaSiZis<br />
saxelobis stipendia.<br />
skola imave wels baTumis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis finansebisa da<br />
sabanko saqmis specialobis studentobam<br />
Secvala. saSualo skolis msgavsad<br />
mis CaTvlis wignakSi mxolod<br />
friadi Sefasebebi iyo, meoTxe kursidan<br />
ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis stipendiac<br />
moipova. cnobilma mecnierma<br />
daviT diasamiZem niWieri studentis<br />
miswrafeba reagirebis gareSe ar datova.<br />
pirveli samecniero naSromi<br />
misi xelmZRvanelobiT daamuSava.<br />
gangebam ar daacala gonier mwvrTnelsa<br />
da niWier students erTad muSaoba.<br />
axalgazrda mkvlevars universitetis<br />
maSindelma xelmZRvanelobam<br />
gza gauxsna. igi universitetSi datoves<br />
da leqciebis kursis wayvana<br />
andes. 2000 wlidan dRemde uwyvetad<br />
aqtiuradaa CarTuli pedagogiur da<br />
samecniero cxovrebaSi, damsaxurebuli<br />
avtoritetiT sargeblobs kolegebsa<br />
da studentebs Soris. paralelurad,<br />
TbilisSi valerian melqaZis<br />
saxelobis socialur-ekonomikuri<br />
da regionuli problemebis samecniero-kvleviT<br />
institutSi maZieblad<br />
gasaformeblad yvela dokumentaciarekomendacia<br />
waradgina. institutis<br />
direqtori, ekonomikur mecnierebaTa<br />
doqtori, nodar WiTanava momaval kolegas<br />
gaesaubra da kmayofili darCa,<br />
magram dedis mZime avadmyofobam amjeradac<br />
xeli moucara.<br />
2008 wels igi Cairicxa socialur<br />
mecnierebaTa, biznesisa da samarTalmcodneobis<br />
fakultetis doqtoranturaSi.<br />
(mecnier-xelmZRvaneli gaxldaT<br />
vladimer Rlonti), romlis sruli<br />
kursi ,,finansebi, fulis mimoqcevisa<br />
da kreditis~ specialobiT warCinebiT<br />
daamTavra 2011 wels.<br />
ramin cinariZe pirveli doqtorantia,<br />
romelmac baTumis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis akademiuri sabWos mier<br />
damtkicebuli sadisertacio debulebiT<br />
(axali moTxovnebis Sesabamisad)<br />
warmatebiT daicva disertacia Temaze:<br />
,,regionuli sainvesticio procesebis<br />
regulirebis safinanso-ekonomikuri<br />
meqanizmi~ da mieniWa biznesis marTvis<br />
doqtoris akademiuri xarisxi. cnobilma<br />
mecnierebma givi gamsaxurdiam,<br />
eTeri xaraiSvilma, asiko cincaZem<br />
(Semfaseblebi) mis naSroms maRali Sefaseba<br />
misces. sadisertacio komisiis<br />
yvela wevris mxardaWerac erTsulovani<br />
iyo, risi dasturic maRali Sefaseba<br />
gaxldaT.<br />
cxovrebaSi, gansakuTrebiT mecnierebaSi,<br />
SemTxveviTi araferia, sami<br />
universitetis reqtori _ alioSa<br />
bakuriZe, giorgi RavTaZe da amiran<br />
takiZe daeswrnen disertaciis dacvas.<br />
ramin cinariZis saxiT qarTulma<br />
ekonomikurma mecnierebam Rirseuli<br />
wevri SeiZina. imeda, igi dawyebul<br />
saqmes Rirseulad gaagrZelebs.<br />
mecnierebasTan erTad mosiyvarule<br />
meuRlesa da qal-vaJsac uerTgulebs.<br />
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis ,,finansebis,<br />
aRricxvisa da auditis” departamentis<br />
profesor-maswavleblebi, Tanam-<br />
Sromlebi ramin cinariZes ulocaven<br />
biznesis marTvis doqtoris akademiuri<br />
xarisxis miniWebas da Semdgom<br />
warmatebebs usurveben profesiul da<br />
pirad saqmianobaSi.<br />
finansebis, aRricxvisa da auditis<br />
departamentis Tavmjdomare,<br />
ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori<br />
asiko cincaZe<br />
saswavleblad gamgzavrebis molodinSi..<br />
vaxtang nakaSiZe baTumis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis ganaTlebisa<br />
da mecnierebaTa fakultetis<br />
maTematikis specialobis meore<br />
kursis studentia. igi erasmus<br />
Mundus _is programiT germaniaSi,<br />
gotingenis universitetSi midis<br />
erTi wliT saswavleblad.<br />
_ vaxtang, saidan gaigeT programis<br />
Sesaxeb?<br />
_ programis Sesaxeb qalbaton<br />
lela TurmaniZisgan gavige, romelic<br />
Cveni koordinatori da amave dros<br />
Cemi erT-erTi leqtoria. simarTle<br />
giTxraT, Tavidan didi interesiT<br />
ar mivudeqi am sakiTxs, radganac<br />
yovelTvis megona, rom aseT programebSi<br />
me naklebad gamimarTlebda,<br />
Tumca rogorc Cans Sevcdi.<br />
_ ras iTvaliswinebda wina sakonkurso<br />
pirobebi?<br />
_ wina sakonkurso pirobebi<br />
iTvaliswinebda, pirvel rigSi, akademiur<br />
moswrebas, aseve inglisuri<br />
enis codnas, samotivacio da<br />
sarekomendacio werilebs. Tumca<br />
danamdvilebiT ver getyviT, amaTgan<br />
romels eniWeboda gansakuTrebuli<br />
mniSvneloba.<br />
rogorc vici, Cveni universitetidan<br />
am programis farglebSi 6 studenti<br />
midis saswavleblad, aqedan 4<br />
bakalavria. gamimarTla imaSi, rom<br />
amaTgan erT-erTi Cemi kurseli lia<br />
SavaZea. ramdenadac CemTvis cnobilia,<br />
saqarTvelos masStabiTac sakmaod<br />
bevni varT. ramdenime maTgani<br />
ukve gavicani kidec.<br />
_ ras iTvaliswinebs saswavlo<br />
programa?<br />
_ am programis mTavari mizania<br />
ganviTarebuli evropis qveynebsa da<br />
ganviTarebad amierkavkasiis qveynebs<br />
Soris studentebis gacvla, rac xels<br />
Seuwyobs rogorc swavlebis donis<br />
amaRlebas, sxvadasxva samecniero kvlevaSi<br />
CarTvas da sxvadasxva gamocdilebis<br />
miRebas am sferoSi, aseve<br />
mas socialur-kulturuli daniSnulebac<br />
aqvs.<br />
_ ramdenad mniSvnelovania<br />
TqvenTvis es yovelive?<br />
_ simarTle giTxraT, realisti<br />
var da am yovelives mniSvnelobas<br />
CemTvis mxolod maSin mivxvdi, roca<br />
gavige ukve Cemi warmatebis Sesaxeb.<br />
ra Tqma unda, bevrs niSnavs germanuli<br />
kulturis da ganaTlebis sistemis<br />
gacnoba CemTvis, davinaxav ra<br />
aris gansxvaveba qarTulsa da ger-<br />
saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da<br />
mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros<br />
warmomdgenlebma Temur boloTaSvilma<br />
da vaJa kuxianiZem sainJinroteqnologiuri<br />
fakultetis studentebs,<br />
profeor-maswavleblebsa da<br />
sxvadasxva kompaniis TanamSromlebs<br />
saerTaSoriso samSeneblo kodebi<br />
- ,,Senobis wesebi“ warudgines. stumrebma<br />
Sexvedraze aseve isaubres<br />
saerTaSoriso samSeneblo kodebis<br />
sabWos saqmianobasa da saqarTvelo-<br />
Si samSeneblo saqmianobis maregulirebel<br />
kanonmdeblobaze. saministros<br />
sagranto proeqtis farglebSi<br />
manuls Soris, miT ufro, rom germania<br />
evropuli kulturis erT-erTi<br />
TvalsaCino warmomadgenelia.<br />
_ rogor warmogidgeniaT is<br />
erTi weli, romelsac germaniaSi<br />
gaatarebT?<br />
_ pirvel rigSi bevrs movindomeb,<br />
rom ar gavacruo imedebi, Tumca<br />
mogatyuebT, rom giTxraT mxolod<br />
swavlisTvis mivdivar. gavicnob<br />
bevr sxvadasxva erovnebis adamians,<br />
SeviZen megobrebs. Sevecdebi vnaxo<br />
germaniis bevri RirsSesaniSnavi adgili,<br />
aseve Zalian minda daveswro<br />
germaniis `bundesligis~ romelime<br />
matCs. mokled, Sevecdebi miviRo<br />
maqsimumi yvelafrisgan.<br />
_ rogor fiqrobT, Tqveni<br />
warmateba, Sens mondomebasa da ni-<br />
WTan erTd, risi an visi damsaxurebaa?<br />
_ Cems garda bevri studenti<br />
monawileobda am programaSi, romlebic<br />
aranakleb imsaxurebdnen<br />
gamarjvebas, amitom SeiZleba iRbalsac<br />
mivaweroT es yvelaferi.<br />
_ rogor SefasebT dRevandel<br />
studentur cxovrebas?<br />
_ dRevandel studentur cxovrebas<br />
10-ianze namdvilad ver Sevafaseb.<br />
pirvel rigSi, amaSi albaT damnaSave<br />
is socialuri problemebia, romlebic<br />
uamrav students aqvs. vgulisxmob<br />
imas, rom ver vatyob studenteb-<br />
Si aqtiurobas sxvadasxva proeqtSi,<br />
aseve kargi iqneboda rom SeeZlos<br />
studentTa uravlesobas paralelurad<br />
muSaoba, rac dRes problemas<br />
warmoadgens. Tumca problema studentebSicaa,<br />
maTi sakmao nawilis mTavari<br />
mizani diplomia da ara swavla,<br />
magram aris studentTa nawili, romlebsac<br />
iseTi studenturi cxovreba<br />
aqvT, rogoric warmogvedgina, sanam<br />
studentebi gavxdebodiT.<br />
_ ras urCevT Tanatolebs?<br />
_ axla ufro da ufro vxvdebi<br />
cxovrebis im periodis azrs da mniSvnelobas,<br />
rasac studentoba hqvia<br />
da minda, rom yvela Cemma Tanatolma<br />
gaiazros es.<br />
Tanatolebs pirvel rigSi vurCevdi,<br />
rom arasdros gauSvan xelidan<br />
Tundac minimaluri Sansi imisa, rom<br />
gadadgan win nabiji maTi ganviTarebisaken,<br />
miT umetes maSin, roca<br />
dasakargi araferia. rac ar unda banalurad<br />
JRerdes, `cda bedis monaxevrea~.<br />
_ rogoria vaxtang nakaSiZis,<br />
rogorc baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
studentis erTi Cveulebrivi<br />
dRis istoria?<br />
_ me maTematikis specialobaze<br />
vswavlob. ra Tqma unda, maTematika<br />
rTuli mecnierebaa da Sesabamisad<br />
misi swavlac Zveli unda iyos,<br />
Tumca mas upiratesoba aqvs, kerZod,<br />
is, rom Tu misi niWi gaqvs, swavlac<br />
Zalian advilia. me amaSi gamimarTla<br />
da mogatyuebT Tu vityvi, rom<br />
Zalian gadatvirTuli dRe maqvs.<br />
dro yvelafrisTvis mrCeba, Tumca<br />
ar var Zalian aqtiuri studenti.<br />
saerTo jamSi kmayofili var Cemi<br />
studentobiT da imedi maqvs, rom am<br />
erTi wlis Semdeg ufro kmayofili<br />
viqnebi.<br />
saerTaSoriso samSeneblo kodebis -<br />
,,Senobis wesebis~“ prezentacia<br />
,,Senobis wesebis~ Targmna mimdinareobs,<br />
romelic uaxloes momaval-<br />
Si saganmanaTleblo programebsa da<br />
samSeneblo procesSi dainergeba.<br />
toponimi Zegli da Zeglis<br />
wminda salocavis naSTebi<br />
mudmivmoqmedi samecniero seminaris<br />
,,sazRvargareT mcxovreb qarTvelTa<br />
dasaxlebebisa da yofis kvlevis~ farglebSi<br />
asocirebulma profesorma malxaz<br />
CoxaraZem studentebsa da profesormaswavleblebs<br />
klarjeTSi warmoebuli<br />
eqspediciis aRmoCena - Zeglis wmida<br />
giorgis eklesia gaacno. istoriuli wyaroebis<br />
mixedviT, salocavi moxseniebulia<br />
,,qarTlis cxovrebaSi~, JamTaaRmwerlis<br />
aswlovan matianeSi, me–19 saukunidan<br />
naxsenebi aqvs araerT mkvlevars, Tumca<br />
bolo periodamde ucnobi iyo misi arseboba.<br />
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis 2010 da 2011 wlebis<br />
eqspediciebis wevrebma (malxaz CoxaraZe,<br />
mamia faRava, zaza SaSikaZe) aRmoaCines,<br />
rom dRemdea Semonaxuli toponimi Zegli<br />
da Zeglis wminda salocavis naSTebi.<br />
Zegli opizis maxlobladaa, klarje-<br />
Tis im seqtorSia, sadac Tavmoyrilia<br />
ramdenime monasteri ,,aTormet savane-<br />
Tagan~. kerZod, opiza, miZnaZori, xan-<br />
ZTa, wyarosTavi, mere. Zegli uSualod<br />
emezobleba opizas, samanqane gziT Zeglis<br />
wmida giorgis eklesiidan opizamde<br />
11 kilometria. salocavi moqceulia<br />
grigol xanZTelis moRvaweobis arealSi.<br />
eklesiis adgilmdebareoba, misi<br />
Semogarenis amJamindeli funqcia da mas-<br />
Tan dakavSirebuli rwmena–warmodgenebi<br />
cxadyofs, rom igi Tavis droze mniSvnelovani<br />
savane unda yofiliyo.<br />
Zeglis wmida giorgis eklesia didi<br />
zomis ar unda yofiliyo. igi daaxloebiT<br />
40 kv. m. farTobisaa. kedlebi<br />
CamoSlilia, magram alag–alag qvebis<br />
wyoba 2,5 metris simaRlezea SemorCenili.<br />
nageboba me–8–9 saukuneebisaa, Sesa-<br />
Zloa, ufro adrindelic. mimdebare mikrotoponimika<br />
qarTulia. eklesiis win<br />
ori saflavia, adgilobrivTa TqmiT, Seidebisa,<br />
anu wminda kacebisa. klarjeTis<br />
am seqtorSi qarTuli ena aRar axsovT,<br />
Tumca niSandoblivia, rom araerTi<br />
Tqmuleba ukavSirdeba Tamar mefes, wminda<br />
kacebs, brZolebs da a.S.<br />
Zegli ziareTia. ziareTobis tradicia<br />
asocirdeba wminda adgilebis molocvas-<br />
Tan, garkveuli valdebulebebis SesrulebasTan,<br />
msxverplis SewirvasTan. winaT<br />
gurjebi ziareTSi sanTlebsac anTebdnen.<br />
dRes aseTi ram aRar dasturdeba.<br />
sainteresoa sityva ,,Zeglis~ etimologia<br />
da misi dakavSireba aRmosavleT<br />
saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebSi<br />
gavrcelebul amave sityvis mniSvnelobasTan.<br />
termini `Zegli~ aRmosavleT saqarTvelos<br />
mTis dialeqtebSi aRniSnavda<br />
garkveul valdebulebas, danapirebs da<br />
es valdebuleba unda aRsrulebuliyo,<br />
rac gulisxmobda salocavze misvlas da<br />
saTanado ritualis aRsrulebas. `Zegli~<br />
ukavSirdeba salocavs, Sesabamisad, mravlismetyvelia,<br />
rom klarjeTSi toponimi<br />
Zegli dasturdeba swored eklesiasTan,<br />
romelic amave dros aris ziareTobis<br />
tradiciasTan dakavSirebuli adgili.<br />
am TvalsazrisiT Zeglis wmida giorgis<br />
idumalebiT moculi eklesia mravali<br />
saintereso daskvnis saSualebas iZleva.<br />
gadamzadebis programis<br />
kursdamTavrebulebs<br />
sertifikatebi gadasces<br />
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis reqtorma, profesorma<br />
alioSa bakuriZem da ivane javaxiSvilis<br />
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis sociologiis departamentis<br />
ufrosma iago kaWkaWiSvilma dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi moqmedi socmuSakebis<br />
gadamzadebis programis 38 kursdam-<br />
Tavrebuls sertifikatebi gadasces. gadamzadebis<br />
programa tempusis proeqtis<br />
egdiT da baTumisa da Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetebis organizebiT ganxorcielda.<br />
saswavlo kurss rsu-s profesor-maswavleblebi<br />
uZRvebodnen.
giorgi goraZis monografia `federalizmis<br />
perspeqtivebi saqarTveloSi.<br />
kritikuli analizi~ aris mcdeloba<br />
saqarTvelosTvis Sesaferisi teritoriuli<br />
mowyobis koncefciis SemuSavebisa.<br />
es koncefcia, rogorc Tavad avtori<br />
acxadebs, ar SeiZleba eyrdnobodes<br />
federalizms.<br />
avtori ar iziarebs saqarTvelos<br />
federalizaciis ideas, ar miaCnia,<br />
rom es aris saqarTvelos teritoriuli<br />
mowyobis optimaluri varianti<br />
da gamosavali qveynis teritoriuli<br />
mTlianobis aRsadgenad. ufro metic,<br />
`federalizaciam SesaZloa, erTi mxriv,<br />
gaamwvavos is problemebi, romlebic<br />
dgas saqarTvelos winaSe da pirdapir<br />
kavSirSia qveynis teritoriul mowyobasTan,<br />
xolo, meore mxriv, saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifos damatebiT Seuqmnas mniSvnelovani<br />
problemebi, rogorc politikuri,<br />
aseve ekonomikuri da samarTlebrivi<br />
TvalsazrisiT~, –_ SesavalSive<br />
acxadebs wignis avtori.<br />
federalizmi ar aris panacea da<br />
SeuZlebelia Tqma imisa, rom federaciuli<br />
saxelmwifoebi ufro demokratiulia,<br />
vidre unitaruli. demokratia<br />
SeiZleba Tanabrad yvaodes rogorc<br />
unitarul, ise federaciul saxelmwifoebSi.<br />
amis Tqmis safuZvels gvaZlevs<br />
Tanamedrove demokratiuli saxelmwifoebis<br />
arseboba, romelTac saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
mowyobis gansxvavebuli modelebi<br />
gaaCniaT.<br />
sakiTxi qveynis federalurad mowyobis<br />
Sesaxeb SeiZleba dadges mxolod<br />
or SemTxvevaSi: 1. rodesac ar arsebobs<br />
saxelmwifo da aseTi iqmneba an 2.<br />
rodesac arsebobs erTiani saxelmwifo<br />
da mas daSlis safrTxe emuqreba (ssrk,<br />
belgia da sxva), ris gamoc federalizmi<br />
erTaderTi gzaa qveynis erTianobis SesanarCuneblad.<br />
am TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelo ar akmayofilebs<br />
arc pirveli da arc meore<br />
variantis pirobebs. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo<br />
dRes arc Seqmnis stadiazea da<br />
arc kulturul-lingvistur jgufebsa<br />
Tu kuTxeebs Soris arsebobs dapirispireba,<br />
rom amis safuZvelze qveyanas<br />
daSla emuqrebodes. rac Seexeba afxazeTs,<br />
agreTve e.w. yofili samxreT oseTis<br />
avtonomiur olqs, avtoris azriT,<br />
es problemebi mogvarebadia unitarizmis<br />
pirobebSi, miecema ra maT avtonomia<br />
met-naklebad gafarToebuli uflebebiT.<br />
ra Tqma unda, afxazeTis avtonomiurobis<br />
xarisxi gacilebiT maRali unda<br />
iyos, vidre cxinvalis regionis.<br />
miuxedavad STambeWdavi statistikuri<br />
monacemebisa, rom dReisaTvis<br />
federaluradaa organizebuli dedamiwis<br />
25 % da federaciul saxelmwifoebSi<br />
cxovrobs msoflios mosaxleobis<br />
40 %, rom federaciul saxelmwifoebze<br />
modis dasaxlebuli xmeleTisa da<br />
msoflio saxelmwifoebis mTliani Sida<br />
produqtis jamis TiTqmis naxevari da<br />
a.S., federaciul saxelmwifoTa raodenoba<br />
sxvadasxva SexedulebiT 11-dan 25<br />
erTeulamde meryeobs. federaciul saxelmwifoTa<br />
didi wili farTobisa da<br />
mosaxleobis TvalsazrisiT msxvil saxelmwifoebze<br />
modis, didi teritoria ki<br />
obieqturad iTxovs teritoriul decentralizacias.<br />
aqve aRsaniSnavia isic,<br />
rom saxelmwifoebi, romlebic federalurad<br />
iwodebian, xSir SemTxvevaSi Tavisi<br />
arsiT aseTebs ar warmoadgenen.<br />
erTmniSvnelovnad unda iTqvas, rom<br />
dReisaTvis unitarizmi aris saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
mowyobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli<br />
forma. marTalia, bevri unitaruli<br />
saxelmwifo ganicdis garkveul<br />
decentralizacias, magram am procesisaTvis<br />
federalizaciis kvalifikaciis<br />
miniWeba gamarTlebulad ar migvaCnia.<br />
saxelmwifoebi didad ar Cqaroben teritoriuli<br />
mowyobis unitaruli formis<br />
Secvlas federaciuliT.<br />
arsebobs sapirispiro tendenciebic<br />
_ mravali federaciuli saxelmwifo<br />
ganicdis unitarizacias, rom aRaraferi<br />
vTqvaT ruseTis, laTinuri amerikis<br />
qveynebis, aziisa da afrikis calkeul<br />
federaciul saxelmwifoebze, amis magaliTebi<br />
arsebobs Tundac germaniisa da<br />
avstriis saxelmwifoebis saxiT, romlebic<br />
oficialurad federaciulad iwodebian,<br />
magram realurad es ase ar aris<br />
da maTi federaciis subieqtebi, faqto-<br />
wignis _ ,,federalizmis perspeqtivebi<br />
saqarTveloSi“~ prezentacia<br />
sacialur mecnierenaTa, biznesis<br />
da samarTalmcodneobis fakultetis<br />
resurscentrSi gaimarTa samar-<br />
Tlis doqtoris, saqarTvelos<br />
sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa<br />
da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTx-<br />
Ta saministros samarTlebrivi<br />
uzrunvelyofis departamentis<br />
ufrosis _ giorgi goraZis wignis<br />
,,federalizmis perspeqtivebi<br />
saqarTveloSi~ prezentacia.<br />
saprezentacio wignze isaubres<br />
srulma profesorma murman<br />
gorgoSaZem, asoc. profesorebmaL:<br />
malxaz nakaSiZem da omar maxaraZem.<br />
wignis avtorma dawvrilebiT<br />
isaubra wignSi dasmul<br />
problemebze. avtors araerTi<br />
SekiTxva dausves damswreebma.<br />
brivad, uuflebo rgolebs warmoadgenen.<br />
meore mxriv, avtoris azriT, didia<br />
daintereseba supranacionaluri federalizmisadmi.<br />
mimdinare globalizaciis<br />
fonze wina planze wamoiwevs federalizmis,<br />
rogorc saxelmwifoTaSorisi<br />
urTierTobis formis sakiTxi. amis<br />
niSnebi arsebobs rogorc evropis, ise<br />
amerikis kontinentze. savaraudod, saxelmwifoTa<br />
daaxloebas met stimuls<br />
miscems msoflioSi jer kidev mimdinare<br />
ekonomikuri da safinanso krizisi.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, avtors miaCnia, rom<br />
evrokavSirSi integraciuli procesebi<br />
kidev ufro gaRrmavdeba.<br />
avtori exeba evraziul kavSirsac da<br />
ambobs, rom saxelmwifoTa integraciis<br />
konteqstSi saubaria evraziuli kav-<br />
Siris, evraziuli federalizmis Seqmnaze<br />
postsabWoTa sivrceSi, Tumca es idea,<br />
civi¬lizebuli msofliosgan gansxvavebiT,<br />
ar emyareba humanur da liberalur<br />
ideologias. evraziuli kavSiris ideis<br />
TiTqmis yvela warmomadgenlisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebelia ssrk-sadmi nostalgiuri<br />
damokidebuleba da xSirad sab-<br />
WoTa imperiis dadebiT konteqstSi moxsenieba.<br />
paralelurad, ZiriTadad rusi<br />
mecnierebisa da politikosebis mier,<br />
gaxSirda federalizmisa da imperiis<br />
urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxze msjeloba<br />
da imperiis, rogorc did federaciul<br />
saxelmwifod warmoCena. amdenad, arsebobs<br />
safuZvliani eWvi, rom evraziuli<br />
kavSiri ufro axali imperiis Seqmnisa<br />
Tu Zvelis reanimaciis mcdelobaa da<br />
calkeuli fsevdomecnieruli msjelobebiT<br />
xdeba misi gamarTleba, –_ askvnis<br />
avtori.<br />
avtori calke qveTavs uTmobs saqarTvelos<br />
federalizaciis proeqtebs,<br />
maT Soris e.w. `bodenis dokuments~ da<br />
koncefcias `saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi<br />
afxazeTis gansakuTrebuli statusis<br />
Sesaxeb~. avtori sakmao siRrmiT ganixilavs<br />
am proeqtebs da maTi analizis<br />
Sedegad gamoTqvams garkveul kritikul<br />
SeniSvnebs. avtori aseve akritikebs<br />
afxazeTis sakiTxebTan da saxelmwifos<br />
mowyobasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos<br />
respublikuri partiis midgomas. avtorisaTvis<br />
gansakuTrebiT miuRebelia<br />
respublikuri partiis erT-erTi<br />
lideris mosazreba, rom TiTqos afxazebs<br />
ufleba aqvT Seqmnan damoukidebeli<br />
saxelmwifo da maTi gadasawyvetia saqarTvelos<br />
SemadgenlobaSi iqnebian Tu<br />
ara. giorgi goraZes miuReblad miaCnia<br />
aseTi midgoma da ambobs, rom „yvelam,<br />
vinc afxazeTis damoukideblobis mizan-<br />
Sewonilobaze akeTebs gancxadebas, unda<br />
gaacnobieros, rom es aris eTnowmendis<br />
gamarTleba da waxaliseba.“<br />
wignSi calke qveTavi eTmoba saqarTvelos<br />
federalizaciis momxreTa<br />
argumentebs. rogorc avtori ambobs,<br />
arsebobs mravali mosazreba, rom saqarTvelo<br />
unda gaxdes federaciuli<br />
saxelmwifo. am mosazrebis avtorTa<br />
upirvelesi argumenti teritoriuli<br />
mTlianobis aRdgenaa, Tumca gaugebaria,<br />
rogor Seuwyobs xels saqarTvelos<br />
calkeuli istoriuli kuTxeebisa¬gan<br />
federaciis subieqtebis Seqmna, vTqvaT,<br />
afxazeTis konfliqtis gadawyvetas?<br />
Tu saubaria orsubieqtian, bipolarul<br />
federaciaze saqarTvelosa da<br />
afxazeTis kavSiris saxiT, mas didi xnis<br />
perspeqtiva ar uweria. aseTi federaciis<br />
Seqmna romc davuSvaT, is didxans ver<br />
iarsebebs da iqneba erT-erTi etapi afxazeTis<br />
ara mxolod de faqto, aramed de<br />
iure damoukideblobis mopovebisa. amis<br />
magaliTebs mravlad icnobs msoflios<br />
uaxlesi istoria. bipolarul federaciaze<br />
msjelobisas avtori calke ganixilavs<br />
belgiis fedracias. rogorc avtori<br />
askvnis, evropis erT-erT yvelaze<br />
ganviTarebul qveyanaSi _ belgiaSic ki,<br />
romelic bevrs devoluciuri da bipolaruli<br />
saxelmwifos warmatebul magaliTad<br />
warmoudgenia, imdenad didia<br />
dezintegraciuli procesi, rom zogierTi<br />
mecnieri da politikosi uaxloes<br />
momavalSi am qveynis daSlas winaswarmetyvelebs.<br />
avtori exeba saqarTvelos federalizaciis<br />
momxreTa sxva argumentebsac da<br />
aRniSnavs, rom isini ar aris saTanadod<br />
dasabuTebuli da naklebad Seesabameba<br />
saqarTvelos sinamdviles.<br />
rac Seexeba iseT arguments, rogoricaa<br />
xelisuflebis geografiulad xalx-<br />
Tan miaxloeba da adgilobrivi problematikis<br />
ukeT codna, saqarTvelos<br />
SemTxvevaSi avtors es uadgilod eCveneba<br />
qveynis masStabebis gamo. am TvalsazrisiT,<br />
ra funqciac akisriaT federaciis<br />
subieqtebs did saxelmwifoebSi,<br />
igive funqcias warmatebiT Seasruleben<br />
municipalitetebi saqarTvelos pirobebSi.<br />
municipalitetebi ufro axlos<br />
iqnebian mosaxleobasTan da ukeT ecodinebaT<br />
adgilobrivi problematika,<br />
vidre maTze maRla mdgom kidev erT<br />
damatebiT rgols federaciis subieqtis<br />
saxiT.<br />
avtoris azriT, bevr upiratesobas,<br />
rac zogadad gaaCnia federalizms, saqarTvelos<br />
sinamdvileSi daCrdilavs federalizmisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebeli negatiuri<br />
gamovlinebebi da eqneba uaryofiTi<br />
efeqti. magaliTad, policentrizmma, romelic<br />
xels uwyobs politikuri procesebis<br />
ganviTarebis Tanabrobas qveynis<br />
mTel teritoriaze da ayalibebs politikuri<br />
dialogis kulturas, saqarTveloSi<br />
SesaZloa uaryofiTi aspeqtebiT<br />
iCinos Tavi. kerZod, SesaZlebelia federalizmma<br />
ufro ganamtkicos biurokratiuli<br />
elementebi saxelmwifo marTvaSi,<br />
Seqmnas mTeli rigi problemebi federaciis<br />
subieqtis doneze warmomadgenlobiTi<br />
demokratiis institutebis<br />
saqmianobis TvalsazrisiT. kidev ufro<br />
garTuldeba politikuri gadawyvetilebebis<br />
miRebis procesi, rac isedac warmoadgens<br />
federalizmis erT-erT nakls,<br />
vinaidan xSiri damatebiTi politikuri<br />
dialogis aucilebloba arTulebs<br />
politikuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis<br />
process. saqarTvelosTvis, romelic<br />
gansakuTrebiT Tanamedrove etapze dgas<br />
didi safrTxebis winaSe, politikuri<br />
gadawyvetilebebis drouli miuRebloba<br />
SeiZleba fataluric ki aRmoCndes.<br />
federaciul saxelmwifoSi metad mwvaved<br />
dgas adgilobrivi politikuri<br />
elitis kontrolis problemac, rac,<br />
savaraudod, Cveni qveynis geopolitikuri<br />
mdgomareobidan, aseve saqarTvelos<br />
calkeuli kuTxeebis specifikidan<br />
gamomdinare, mTeli simwvaviT iCens<br />
Tavs. Sedegad Camoyalibdeba partikularuli<br />
federalizmi, rac iqneba qveynis<br />
sisustis mizezi. saqarTvelos federalizacia<br />
damatebiT stimuls miscems<br />
separatistul tendenciebs da axali<br />
daZabulobis kerebis Seqmnas. aseT Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi saqarTvelos centraluri xelisufleba<br />
iZulebuli iqneba mudmivad<br />
dakavebuli iyos am kerebis CaqrobiT<br />
da ar wamoegos sxvadasxva saxis politikur<br />
provokaciaze.<br />
politikuri elitis kontrolis<br />
problemis mware gakveTili saqarTvelom<br />
ukve gamoscada uaxloes warsulSi<br />
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis xe-<br />
ivnisi<br />
lisuflebis saxiT da ukan dabrunebis<br />
survili aravis ar unda amoZravebdes.<br />
federalizmisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />
upiratesoba politikuri ambiciis<br />
dakmayofilebisa da politikuri<br />
lideris Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT<br />
saqarTvelos federalizaciisaTvis avtors<br />
arsebiT argumentad ar miaCnia.<br />
politikuri ambiciis dakmayofilebisa<br />
da politikuri lideris Camoyalibebis<br />
problema SeiZleba idges did saxelmwifoebSi,<br />
magram ara saqarTveloSi. esec<br />
rom ar iyos, politikuri ambiciis dakmayofilebisa<br />
da politikuri lideris<br />
Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovan<br />
rols TamaSobs adgilobrivi<br />
TviTmmarTveloba da politikuri partia,<br />
ris gamoc damatebiTi saxelmwifo<br />
institutebis SemoReba gamarTlebulad<br />
ar migvaCnia.<br />
federalizmi didi fuli Rirs da,<br />
amdenad, federalizaciis SemTxvevaSi<br />
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis danaxarjebi<br />
kolosalurad gaizrdeba.<br />
garda amisa, rogorc zogierTi ekonomisti<br />
fiqrobs, federalizmis principebi<br />
ver uwyobs xels ekonomikur<br />
integracias. federalizmis SemTxvevaSi<br />
saqarTvelos kuTxeebi erTgvarad Caiketeba.<br />
SesaZlebelia, federalizmis pirobebSi<br />
qveynis calkeuli nawilebi<br />
ufro swrafad ganviTardes, vidre sxva.<br />
aseTi ganviTarebis uaryofiTi Sedegi<br />
ki SeiZleba gamoixatos ara mxolod<br />
qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisadmi<br />
xelis SeSlaSi, aramed am garemoebam<br />
SesaZlebelia realuri safrTxe Seuqmnas<br />
qveynis erTianobasac. federaluri<br />
konkurencia SeiZleba gadaizardos<br />
destruqciul, Tavisi arsiT damangrevel<br />
partikularul konkurenciaSi.<br />
Tu saqarTvelos uaxloes gamocdilebas<br />
da arsebul safrTxeebs gaviTvaliswinebT,<br />
advili SesaZlebelia, rom<br />
saqarTvelos federalizacias mohyves<br />
federaciis calkeuli subieqtebis eko-<br />
nomikuri Caketiloba, xolo qveynis centraluri<br />
biujeti xSirad aRmoCndes<br />
adgilobrivi politikuri elitebis<br />
`tyve~.<br />
avtoris azriT, aseve mcdaria Sexeduleba<br />
imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqos federalizmi<br />
xels uwyobs mosaxleobis<br />
met-naklebad proporciul gansaxlebas<br />
saxelmwifos calkeul regionebSi da,<br />
Sesabamisad, aRar moxdeba TbilisSi mosaxleobis<br />
didi odenobiT koncentracia.<br />
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom msgavsi<br />
problema awuxebs rogorc federaciul,<br />
ise unitarul saxelmwifoebs, SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, es zogadad megapolisebis problemaa,<br />
rac ufro social-ekonomikur<br />
da finansur faqtorebTan aris dakav-<br />
Sirebuli da ara qveynis teritoriul<br />
mowyobasTan.<br />
saqarTvelos federalizacia ver<br />
daaregulirebs verc teritoriul da<br />
verc sxva problemebs. ufro metic, avtors<br />
miaCnia, rom igi uaryofiTad imoqmedebs<br />
qveynis momaval ganviTarebaze.<br />
saqarTvelos federalizaciis Sedegad<br />
SemoRebuli federaciis subieqtis done<br />
iqneba zedmeti rgoli centralur xelisuflebasa<br />
da municipalitets Soris,<br />
romelic did tvirTad daawveba qveyanas,<br />
rogorc finansuri, ise politikuri da<br />
samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT.<br />
amasTanave, Tanamedrove federaciul<br />
saxelmwifoTa didi umravlesoba unitarizacias<br />
ganicdis. da, Tu es asea, ra<br />
saWiroa saqarTveloSi, faqtobrivad<br />
unitarul qveyanaSi, saxelmwifos mowyobis<br />
ufro rTuli modeli davnergoT,<br />
raTa Semdeg kvlav sawyis mdgomareobas<br />
davubrundeT?<br />
avtori askvnis rom saqarTvelo unda<br />
iyos unitaruli saxelmwifo ramdenime<br />
avtonomiiT, romelTa Soris afxazeTis<br />
avtonomiurobis xarisxi iqneba gacilebiT<br />
maRali da igi iqneba aRWurvili<br />
mniSvnelovani kompetenciebiT. paralelurad<br />
unda gaizardos adgilobrivi<br />
TviTmmarTvelobis kompetenciaTa<br />
farglebi. saxelmwifos teritoriuli<br />
mowyobis TvalsazrisiT, avtors erTerT<br />
misabaZ magaliTad dania miaCnia,<br />
romelic aris unitaruli saxelmwifo<br />
ori avtonomiiT.<br />
wigni mdidaria sqolioebiTa da<br />
bibliografiiT. avtors gamoyenebuli<br />
aqvs orasamde wyaro rogorc qarTul,<br />
ise rusul, inglisur da germanul<br />
enebze.
ivnisi<br />
mobiluri telefoni da janmrTeloba<br />
teqnologiuri ganviTarebis<br />
swrafi tempis pirobebSi,<br />
rodesac dro da informacia<br />
gansakuTrebulad<br />
Rirebuli gaxda, prioriteti<br />
swored teqnikur saSualebebs<br />
mieniWa. amis yvelaze TvalsaCino<br />
magaliTi mobiluri<br />
telefoni da kompiuteruli<br />
teqnologiebia.<br />
sxvadasxva adamiani mobilur<br />
telefons gansxvavebuli<br />
daniSnulebiT iyenebs, iqneba<br />
es mobiluri komunikacia<br />
misi sxvadasxva saxiT (xmovani<br />
funqciebi, teqsturi Setyobineba,<br />
eleqtronuli fosta),<br />
suraTebis gagzavna Tu miReba,<br />
foto– da videokamera, interneti,<br />
rogorc garTobis saSualeba<br />
da mravali sxva.<br />
Cvens cxovrebaSi, miuxedavad<br />
misi aseTi didi rolisa,<br />
mobiluri telefonis<br />
mavneblobazec bevrs laparakoben.<br />
erTia fizikuri janmr-<br />
Teloba, xolo meore socialuri<br />
mxare, adamianebis<br />
urTierTobaze mobiluri<br />
telefonis gavlena. magram<br />
miuxedavad Tavisi arsebobis<br />
mesame aTwleulisa, adamianis<br />
janmrTelobaze misi gavlenis<br />
sakiTxi jerac burusiT aris<br />
moculi.<br />
aris Tu ara janmrTelobisTvis<br />
saziano mobiluri<br />
telefoniT sargebloba, es<br />
oficialuri uwyebebis mier<br />
jer savsebiT arc dadasturebulia<br />
da arc uaryofili.<br />
erTni fiqroben, rom sazianoa,<br />
sxvani ki amis damamtkicebels<br />
verafers xedaven, Tumca cvlilebebsac<br />
ver uaryofen.<br />
mobiluri telefoni muSaobis<br />
procesSi gamoasxivebs<br />
garkveuli sixSiris talRebs,<br />
romelTa meSveobiTac sxva<br />
telefonTan kavSiri myardeba.<br />
adamianis organizmze am<br />
gamosxivebis efeqtis Sesaswavlad,<br />
msoflios masStabiT,<br />
milionebi ixarjeba.<br />
IInterphone Study Group-is mier<br />
Catarebul oTxwlian kvlevaSi<br />
13 qveyanaSi mcxovrebi Tavis<br />
tvinis kiboTi daavadebuli<br />
5000 adamiani monawileobda.<br />
kvleva 2004 wels dasrulda<br />
da misma Rirebulebam 20 milioni<br />
evro Seadgina. dadasturda,<br />
rom mobiluri telefonebis<br />
momxmareblebSi Tavis<br />
tvinis kibos gaCenis riski ar<br />
aRemateba aramomxmarebelTaTvis<br />
arsebul risks.<br />
imaves adasturebs kibos<br />
kvlevis saerTaSoriso saagentos<br />
(IARC) dakvirvebebi da<br />
statistikuri gaTvlebi, romelic<br />
10 000 adamianze Catarda<br />
SvedeTsa da sxva iseT<br />
qveynebSi, sadac mobilurebs<br />
ukve wlobiT intensiurad<br />
iyenebdnen. mkvlevrebi amiT<br />
ar kmayofildebian. maT 30wliani<br />
proeqtic ki aqvT<br />
dagegmili, romelSic 250<br />
aTasi adamiani miiRebs monawileobas.<br />
avtoritetulma amerikulma<br />
organizacia eWG-ma<br />
(Environmental Working Group) 2010<br />
wels gamoikvlia mobiluri<br />
telefonis gavlena adamianis<br />
janmrTelobaze. miRebuli<br />
Sedegebi urTierTsawinaaRmdegoa.<br />
mimdinare wlis seqtemberSi<br />
nacionalurma institutma<br />
“rakam” aSS-Si aRniSnul<br />
Temaze gamoaqveyna naSromi.<br />
eqimebi, ZiriTadad, eZebdnen<br />
kavSirs ukabelo telefonebis<br />
moxmarebasa da Tavis tvinis<br />
sxvadasxva saxis simsivnis Camoyalibebas<br />
Soris. sabolood<br />
yvela Tanxmdeba, rom mobiluri<br />
telefonebis gamoyenebam<br />
farTo masStabi imdenad<br />
cota xania rac miiRo, rom<br />
naadrevia daskvnebis gakeTeba.<br />
los-anJelesis universitetisa<br />
da daniuri qalaqis,<br />
orxusis mecnierebma Seiswavles<br />
13 000 mozardis janmr-<br />
Teloba, romlebic 1990-iani<br />
wlebis miwuruls daibadnen.<br />
aRmoCnda, rom patarebs,<br />
romelTa dedebi fexmZimobis<br />
periodSi mobiluri telefoniT<br />
dReSi orjer mainc<br />
laparakobda, 54%-iT meti<br />
midrekileba hqondaT ganviTarebis<br />
Seferxebisken. kerZod,<br />
isini hiperaqtiurebi arian,<br />
maT uWirT TanatolebTan kontaqtis<br />
damyareba, zedmetad<br />
emociurebi arian da gaaCniaT<br />
qceviTi problemebi. xolo Tu<br />
“mobilizebuli” bavSvebi Tvi-<br />
Tonac adre iwyeben mobiluri<br />
telefonebis gamoyenebas, igive<br />
gadaxrebis riski 80%-iT izrdeba.<br />
upirveles yovlisa, mobilurebi<br />
axdenen neirodegeneratiuli<br />
aSlilobis provocirebas<br />
da centraluri<br />
nervuli sistemis moSlas,<br />
- amtkicebs eleqtromagnituri<br />
usafrTxoebis centris<br />
direqtori, neirogamosxivebaTa<br />
dacvis ruseTis erovnuli<br />
komitetis Tavmjdomaris<br />
moadgile, biologiur mecnierebaTa<br />
kandidati oleg<br />
grigorievi.<br />
neirogamosxivebaTagan<br />
sazogadoebis dacvis ruseTis<br />
nacionaluri komitetis specialistebma<br />
moamzades moxseneba<br />
`bavSvebi da mobiluri<br />
telefonebi: momavali Taoba<br />
seriozul safrTxeSia~. bavSvebs,<br />
romlebic iyeneben mobilur<br />
telefonebs, SesaZloa<br />
gamouvlindeT mexsierebis<br />
daqveiTeba, yuradRebis moduneba,<br />
gonebrivi da SemecnebiTi<br />
unarebis daqveiTeba, gaRizianebadoba,<br />
uZiloba, stresuli<br />
reaqciebisken midrekileba,<br />
epileptikuri mzadyofnis<br />
amaRleba.<br />
SesaZloa mogvianebiTi<br />
Sedegebic: `tvinisa da smeniT-vestibularuli<br />
nervuli<br />
sistemis simsivne (25-30 wlis<br />
asakSi), alcheimeris daavadeba,<br />
gonebis daClungeba, depresiuli<br />
sindromi da Tavis tvinis<br />
nervuli struqturebis<br />
degeneraciuli gamovlinebani<br />
(50-60 wlis asakSi)~.<br />
jandacvis msoflio organizaciam<br />
rusi mecnierebis<br />
daskvnebi msoflios mravali<br />
qveynis mTavrobebSi oficialurad<br />
gaavrcela.<br />
aseve Svedi mecnierebi<br />
askvnian, rom mobilurebis<br />
gamoyenebiT bavSvebSi tvinis<br />
simsivnis riski xuTjer izrdeba.<br />
daavadeba, SesaZloa,<br />
maSinve ar gamovlindes da<br />
mogvianebiT iCinos Tavi.<br />
Svedi mecnierebis am mosazrebas<br />
qarTveli eqimebic iziareben.<br />
asociacia “janmrTeli<br />
samyaros” samedicino eqspertis<br />
zurab futkaraZis gancxadebiT,<br />
mobilurebis eleqtromagnituri<br />
gamosxiveba uaryofiTad<br />
moqmedebs adamianis janmrTelobaze.<br />
misi TqmiT, mozardebSi<br />
nervuli sistema jer kidev<br />
Camouyalibebelia, rac riskebs<br />
kidev ufro zrdis. amrigad,<br />
eqimebi gvirCeven, rom ar<br />
Rirs, mobiluri telefonebiT<br />
isargeblon 12 wlamde asakis<br />
bavSvebma.<br />
zogjer telefonebs gulsisxlZarRvTa<br />
daavadebebisa<br />
da tvinis kibos gaCenaSic ki<br />
adanaSauleben.<br />
msgavs kvlevebSi qarTveli<br />
mecnierebic arian CarTulni.<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
bazaze arsebuli laboratoria<br />
ukve ramdenime welia<br />
TanamSromlobs kompania<br />
motorolasTan. mecnierebaTa<br />
kandidatis, daviT kakulias<br />
mixedviT, kvlevebi ZiriTadad<br />
ori mimarTulebiT tardeba:<br />
pirvel SemTxvevaSi ikvleven<br />
telefonis gamosxivebis energiis<br />
gavleniT adamianis organoebis<br />
temperaturis zrdas.<br />
meore saxis zemoqmedebas biologiur<br />
zemoqmedebas uwodeben.<br />
Tu dasxivebis doza<br />
didia, SesaZloa, organoebi<br />
gadaxurdes, rac Seuqcevad<br />
dazianebebs iwvevs. amis gamo<br />
SemuSavebulia standarti,<br />
romelic zeda zRvars awesebs<br />
telefonis gamosxivebis<br />
simZlavreze. msxvili mwarmoeblebi<br />
am standarts mkacrad<br />
icaven da maTi produqciisgan<br />
miRebuli gamosxivebis energia<br />
TiTqmis aTjer naklebia<br />
zRvrulad dasaSvebze. Tumca,<br />
ulicenziod warmoebuli<br />
telefonebi am mxriv ar kontroldeba<br />
da, SesaZloa, ufro<br />
maRali gamosxiveba hqondeT.<br />
aseTi telefonebi, romlebsac<br />
saqarTveloSi „Cinur“ mobilurebs<br />
uwodeben, qarTul<br />
bazarze mravladaa.<br />
mobiluri telefonis mier<br />
gamosxivebuli energia imazec<br />
aris damokidebuli, ramdenad<br />
Sors imyofeba aparati sadgurebisgan.<br />
rac ufro `cudad<br />
iWers~, miT intensiurad<br />
asxivebs telefoni.<br />
efeqti gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovania centraluri<br />
sadgurebisgan moSorebul<br />
adgilebSi, sadac signali<br />
mudmivad sustia. Tumca, am<br />
efeqtis Semcirebac advilia,<br />
Tu telefons Tavisgan mo-<br />
SorebiT daviWerT, ris saSualebasac<br />
distanciuri garnituriT<br />
aRWurvili aparatebi<br />
iZleva.<br />
mecnierebs isic ainteresebT,<br />
ra gavlenas axdens mobiluri<br />
telefoni spermis<br />
xarisxze. klivlendis klinikis<br />
specialistebma axlaxan<br />
ramdenime gamokvlevac ki<br />
Caatares.<br />
erT-erTi eqsperimentis msvlelobisas<br />
32 mamakacis spermis<br />
nimuSi saubris reJimSi<br />
CarTuli mobiluri telefonebis<br />
gverdiT moaTavses.<br />
erTsaaTiani zemoqmedebis<br />
Semdeg spermatozoidebis sicocxlis<br />
unari sagrZnoblad<br />
Semcirda. meore eqsperimentis<br />
Sedegebis Tanaxmad, mobiluri<br />
telefonis dReSi 4 saaTze<br />
metxans gamoyeneba auaresebs<br />
spermis xarisxs.<br />
marTalia, mecnierebi aRiareben,<br />
rom am sferoSi kidev<br />
mravali kvlevaa Casatarebeli,<br />
mamakacebs mainc urCeven, mobiluri<br />
telefonebi Sarvlis<br />
wina jibeSi ar Caidon<br />
da ufro xSirad gamoiyenon<br />
Hands-free garnituri. isini<br />
mflobelebs urCeven, saubrisas<br />
telefoni sxeulidan erTi<br />
metris moSorebiT daiWiron<br />
da gamoiyenon xmamaRali kav-<br />
Siris reJimi, mowyobiloba<br />
`hends-fri~ an sayurisi.<br />
eqimebi mflobelebs ur-<br />
Ceven, SeZlebisdagvarad ar<br />
ataron mobiluri sxeulTan<br />
axlos. da bolos, umjobesia<br />
SMS-is gamoyeneba da saubrisgan<br />
Tavis Sekaveba avtomobil-<br />
iT an matarebliT mgzavrobisas,<br />
radgan liToni kidev<br />
ufro aferxebs kavSiris damyarebas<br />
da ukve gasagebia,<br />
rom kavSiri rac ufro cudia,<br />
miT metia gamosxiveba.<br />
kanadaSi Catarebuli<br />
gamokvlevebis Sedegad dadginda,<br />
rom saWis marTvis<br />
dros mobiluris gamoyeneba<br />
saSiSia, iseve rogorc nasvam<br />
mdgomareobaSi manqanis mar-<br />
Tva, radgan yuradRebis koncentracia<br />
ecema 30%–mde.<br />
amrigad, sabolood unda<br />
aRiniSnos, rom arc erT kvlevas<br />
ar Seaqvs sicxade mobiluri<br />
telefonebis mavneblobisa<br />
Tu uvneblobis<br />
sakiTxSi. arsebobs azrTa<br />
didi sxvadasxvaoba. Tumce,<br />
erTi ram cxadia, rom mobiluri<br />
telefoni aZlierebs<br />
eleqtromagnitur gamosxivebas.<br />
yvela Tanxmdeba imazedac,<br />
rom es gamosxiveba ufro mavnebelia,<br />
vidre sasargeblo.<br />
gasagebia, rom mobilurebs<br />
Tavs aravin daanebebs. magram<br />
SesaZloa minimumamde iqnas<br />
dayvanili ziani, romelisc<br />
SeiZleba man miayenos janmr-<br />
Telobas. amitomac SeimuSaves<br />
garkveuli rekomendaciebi am<br />
mavneblobis xarisxis Sesamsubuqeblad:<br />
1. gamoiyeneT ufro naklebgamosxivebiani<br />
telefonebi;<br />
2. SeamcireT saubrebis<br />
dro mobilurebiT. sasurvelia<br />
dReSi ilaparakoT ara<br />
umetes 15 wuTisa;<br />
3. naklebi ilaparakeT da<br />
meti moismineT, radgan telefoni<br />
metad gamoasxivebs informaciis<br />
gadacemisas, iqneba<br />
es xmovani informacia Tu<br />
teqsturi;<br />
4. ecadeT, telefoni Tqvengan<br />
moSorebiT gqondeT;<br />
5. laparakis dros isargebleT<br />
`hends-fris~ garnituriT;<br />
6. RamiT mobiluri gamor-<br />
TeT. ukidures SemTxvevaSi ki<br />
Tavidan erTi metris moSorebiT<br />
dadeT;<br />
7. SeuzRudeT bavSvebs<br />
mobiluri telefonis gamoyeneba.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom msgavsi<br />
akrZalva oficialurad<br />
gamoacxada msoflios eqvsma<br />
qveyanam.<br />
gisurvebT jansaR sicocxles!<br />
gisurvebT janmrTelobas!<br />
guguli dumbaZe<br />
asocirebuli profesori,<br />
ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebaTa fakulteti,<br />
biologiis departamenti<br />
samarTali, mmarTveloba<br />
da masmedia XXI saukuneSi<br />
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis, iuridiul mecnierebaTa<br />
departamentis maswavlebeli<br />
nikoloz megreliSvili 2012 wlis<br />
15-19 maiss miwveuli iyo bulgareTis<br />
qalaq blagoevgradSi, sadac Catarda<br />
samxreT-dasavleT ,,neofit rilkis~<br />
universitetis, samarTlisa da istoriis<br />
fakultetis 20 wlisTavisadmi<br />
miZRvnili saerTaSoriso samecniero<br />
konferencia Temaze: ,,samarTali,<br />
mmarTveloba da masmedia XXI Ii saukuneSi~.<br />
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetsa da blagoevgradis<br />
samxreT-dasavleT ,,neofit rilkis~<br />
universitets Soris wlebis man-<br />
Zilze viTardeboda samecniero da<br />
megobruli urTierTobebi. konferenciis<br />
sazeimo gaxsnaze, romelsac<br />
eswrebodnen samxreT-dasavleT<br />
,,neofit rilkis~ universitetis reqtori,<br />
profesori ivan mirCevi da<br />
sxva oficialuri pirebi, nikoloz<br />
megreliSvilma waikiTxa SoTa<br />
rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
reqtoris, profesor alioSa<br />
bakuriZis milocva. konferencia<br />
gaimarTa bulgareTis evrokavSiris<br />
sakiTxebis marTvis ministris tomislav<br />
donCevis patronaJiT. konferenciaSi<br />
monawileobdnen evropis wamyvani<br />
universitetebis profesorebi:<br />
mixeil geistlingeri (,,zalcburgis<br />
universiteti~, avstria), sergei kaSkini<br />
(`moskovis saxelmwifo iuridiuli<br />
akademia~, ruseTi), milan milanovi<br />
(samxreT-dasavleT ,,neofit<br />
rilkis~ universiteti, bulgareTi),<br />
gabriela belova (samxreT-dasavleT<br />
,,neofit rilkis~ universitetis,<br />
samarTlisa da istoriis fakultetis<br />
dekani,bulgareTi), strasko<br />
stoianovski (,,goce delCevis saxelobis<br />
universiteti~, makedonia)<br />
kirile angelovi (,,sofiis teqnikuri<br />
universiteti~, bulgareTi) da sxv.<br />
nikoloz megreliSvilma konferenciaze<br />
waikiTxa moxseneba Temaze:<br />
,,saqarTvelos konstituciis ganvi-<br />
Tarebis etapebi 1995-2010 wlebSi~.<br />
viqtorina<br />
2012 wlis 8 ivniss baTumis SoTa<br />
rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
511 auditoriaSi Catarda amave<br />
universitetSi iuridiuli fakultetis<br />
daarsebidan 20 wlisTavisadmi<br />
miZRvnili viqtorina, romelSic<br />
monawileobas Rebulobdnen samar-<br />
Talmcodneobis specialobis studentebi.<br />
viqtorinaze gamotanili<br />
SekiTxvebi Seexeboda baTumis SoTa<br />
rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
iuridiuli fakultetis, baTumis<br />
SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis istoriasa da iuridiuli<br />
ganaTlebis sakiTxebs saqarTveloSi.<br />
viqtorina mihyavda iuridiul<br />
mecnierebaTa departamentis<br />
xelmZRvanels, srul profesors, baton<br />
murman gorgoSaZes. viqtorinaSi<br />
monawileobda 3 gundi. iuridiul<br />
mecnierebaTa departamentis profesor-maswavleblebma<br />
daaweses viqtorinaSi<br />
gamarjvebulisTvis saprizo<br />
Tanxa 100 laris odenobiT.<br />
viqtorinaSi gaimarjva da pirveli<br />
adgili aiRo me-3 kurselTa<br />
gundma Semdegi SemadgenlobiT:<br />
mariam mamulaZe, nana TavdgiriZe,<br />
paata diasamiZe, giorgi gogiCaiSvili,<br />
irma abaSiZe.<br />
iuridiul mecnierebaTa departamenti<br />
studentebs warmatebebsa<br />
da Semdgom gamarjvebebs usurvebs.
aTi yvelaze lamazi eqsperimenti fizikaSi<br />
yvelasaTvis cnobil gazeTSi The New York<br />
Times gamoqveynda niu iorkis universitetis<br />
filosofiis fakultetis TanamSromlis<br />
robert krizis (Robert Crease) da bruqhevenis<br />
nacionaluri laboratoriis istorikosis<br />
stoni brukis (Stony Brook) statia, romelSic<br />
asaxulia amerikeli fizikosebis gamokiTxvis<br />
Sedegebi aTi yvelaze lamazi eqsperimentis<br />
gamovlenis mizniT fizikis ganviTarebis<br />
manZilze. Sedegad aT yvelaze lamaz<br />
eqsperimentad dasaxelebulia:<br />
1. eleqtronebis difraqcia xvrelebze<br />
1961 wels<br />
g e r m a n e l i<br />
f i z i k o s i s<br />
klaus ionsonis<br />
mier<br />
eqsperimentaluraddamtkicda,<br />
rom<br />
i n t e r f e r -<br />
enciisa da<br />
difraqciis movlenebi, romlebic vlindeboda<br />
sinaTlis talRebis SemTxvevaSi, samarTliania<br />
elementaruli nawilakebis nakadisaTvisac.<br />
ionsonis eqsperimenti praqtikulad imeorebda<br />
ori saukunis winandel tomas iungis eqsperiments,<br />
mxolod sinaTlis sxivis nacvlad mis<br />
mier gamoyenebuli iqna eleqtronebis nakadi.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom eqsperimentis Sedegebi jer<br />
kidev XX saukunis dasawyisSi iwinaswarmetyveles<br />
albert ainStainma da maqs plankma.<br />
2. galileis cda Tavilufal vardnil<br />
sxeulebze<br />
galileim pirvelad<br />
daadgina, rom<br />
mZime sxeulebi qvemoT<br />
vardeba iseve<br />
swrafad, rogorc<br />
msubuqi. imisaTvis,<br />
rom daedasturebina<br />
es mosazreba, igi<br />
pizis koSkidan er-<br />
Troulad agdebda<br />
naRmtyorcnis birTvs<br />
masiT 80 kg da gacilebiT<br />
msubuq tyvias<br />
masiT 200 grami.<br />
orive sxeuls daaxloebiT<br />
erTnairi<br />
formis moyvaniloba<br />
hqondaT. eqsperimentiT<br />
dadginda, rom<br />
isini miwas erTroulad<br />
aRwevdnen. galileimde batonobda aristoteles<br />
Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviTac msubuqi<br />
sxeulebi garkveuli simaRlidan vardebian nela<br />
mZime sxeulebTan SedarebiT.<br />
3. milikenis cda eleqtronis muxtis<br />
gansazRvraze<br />
a m e r i k e l i<br />
fizikosis, nobelis<br />
premiis lauriatis<br />
robert milikenis<br />
cdiT gansazRvrulia<br />
eleqtronis muxtis<br />
sidide. milikenis<br />
eqsperimentSi<br />
gamokvleulia damuxtuli<br />
zeTis wveTis<br />
yofaqceva kondensatoris<br />
eleqtrul velSi. rentgenis sxivebiT<br />
martivad ionizirdeboda haeris molekulebi<br />
kondensatoris Semonafenebs Soris, rac ganapirobebda<br />
damuxtuli zeTis wveTis muxtis cvlilebas.<br />
milikenma daadgina zeTis muxti icvleboda<br />
diskretulad erTi da imave sididiTe,<br />
romelic elementaluri nawilakis – eleqtronis<br />
muxtis tolada miCneuli.<br />
3. sinaTlis dispersia prizmaze<br />
ingliseli<br />
mecnieri isak<br />
niutoni sinaTlis<br />
sxivs atarebda<br />
minis<br />
prizmaSi. am eqsperimentisSedegad<br />
niutonma<br />
daadgina, rom<br />
TeTri sinaTle<br />
Sedgeba Svidi<br />
ferisagan: wiTeli, narinjisferi, yviTeli,<br />
mwvane, cisferi, lurji da iisferi.<br />
5. sinaTlis difraqcia xvrelze<br />
tomas iungi<br />
mimarTavda sinaTlis<br />
sxivs or<br />
erTmaneTis maxlobladganlagebul<br />
xvrelTan,<br />
Sedegad man aRmoaCina,<br />
rom ekranze<br />
miRebuli gamosaxuleba<br />
araTanabrad<br />
iyo ganaTebuli da<br />
Sedgeboda naTeli<br />
da bneli zole-<br />
biosagan. ase aRmoaCines sinaTlis interferenciis<br />
movlena, romelic adasturebda sinaTlis<br />
talRur bunebas.<br />
6. henri kavendiSis eqsperimenti<br />
gravitaciuli mudmivas gansazRvrisaTvis<br />
ingliselma fizikosma<br />
henri kavendiSma<br />
gansazRvra gravitaciuli<br />
mudmivis sidide.<br />
amisaTvis man gamoiyena<br />
suraTze gamosaxuli<br />
danadgari. eqsperimentis<br />
Sedegad didi sizustiT<br />
gansazRvrulia<br />
gravitaciuli midmivas<br />
ricxviTi mniSvneloba.<br />
am ukanasknelma ki kavendiSs<br />
saSualeba misca<br />
pirvelad ganesazRvra<br />
dedamiwis masa.<br />
7. erastofenis eqsperimenti dedamiwis<br />
radiusis gansazRvraze<br />
es aris erT–<br />
erTi yvelaze Zveli<br />
eqsperimeti<br />
erastofen kirenelis.<br />
is iyo aleqsandriis<br />
biblioTekis<br />
biblioTekari da<br />
moRvaweobda Cvens<br />
welTaRricxvamde<br />
mesame saukuneSi. man<br />
gansazRvra dedamiwis<br />
sferos radiusi (misi Sedegi daaxloebiT<br />
6300 km–ia, rac Tanamedrove Sedegisagan gansxvavdeba<br />
mxolod 5%–iT). zafxulis mzian dReebSi<br />
qalaq sienSi (amJamad asuani) mze imyofeboda zenitSi<br />
da sagnebs Crdili ar hqondaT. imave dRes<br />
da imave dros aleqsandriaSi, romelic 5000 stadiiT<br />
iyo daSorebuli sienidan mze gadaixara zenitidan<br />
daaxloebiT 7 gradusiT, rac Seadgenda<br />
daaxloebiT sruli wris (360o –is) 1/50–s. aqedan<br />
erastofenma daadgina, dedamiwis radiusi, romelic<br />
250 000 stadiis toli unda yofiliyo.<br />
8. galileis eqsperimenti daxril<br />
sibrtyeze mosriale birTvebiT<br />
galileim gamoiyena<br />
daxrili sibryte gluvi<br />
zedapiriT da masze<br />
akvirdeboda latunis<br />
birTvebis srials. wylis<br />
saaTis meSveobiT<br />
gansazRvrul droiT<br />
intervalSi galilei<br />
zomavda manZils,<br />
romelsac es birTvebi<br />
gadiodnen daxrili sibrtyis gaswvriv. galileim<br />
daadgina, rom Tu dros gazrdida orjer, birTvebi<br />
gadiodnen oTxjer met manZils. am eqsperimentma<br />
uaryo aristoteles Sexeduleba imis Taobaze,<br />
rom birTvebis siCqare mudmivi iqneboda.<br />
9. rezerfordis eqsperimenti a-nawilakebis<br />
gabnevaze.<br />
i n g l i s e l i<br />
fizikosis, nobelispremiis<br />
lauriantis<br />
ernst rezerfordiseqsperimentiTdadgenilia<br />
atomis<br />
struqtura. anawilakebis<br />
oqros folgis gavliT da gabnevis<br />
SeswavliT rezerfordi mivida daskvnamde,<br />
rom atomis mTeli dadebiTi muxti Tavmoyrilia<br />
centrSi, Zalian maur da kompaqtur<br />
birTvSi. uaryofiTad damuxtuli nawilakebi<br />
(eleqtronebi) brunaven am birTvis irgvliv<br />
wriul orbitebze. atomis struqturis es<br />
modeli Zireulad gansxvavdeboda im droisaTvis<br />
farTod damkvidrebul tomsonis modelisagan,<br />
romlis Tanaxmadac dadebiTi muxti<br />
Tanabrad iyo ganawilebuli atomis mTel<br />
moculobaSi, xolo eleqtronebi maTTan igi<br />
mimagrebuli. mogvianebiT rezerfordis modelma<br />
miiRo saxelwodeba _ atomis planetartuli<br />
modeli (atomis struqtura realurad<br />
gavs mzis sistemas: mZime birTvi _ mze, xolo<br />
mis irgvlis wriul orbitebze mbrunavi<br />
eleqtronebi _ planetebi).<br />
10. fukos qanqara.<br />
1851 wels frangma<br />
fizikosma Jan bernar<br />
leon fukom eqsperimentalurad<br />
daamtkica,<br />
rom dedamiwa mzis<br />
irgvlis brunavs. eqsperimentisaTvis<br />
man<br />
67 metriani qanqara<br />
gamoiyena, romelic<br />
Camokida parizis pan-<br />
Teonis mwvervalze. msgavsi<br />
qanqara dRemde<br />
arsebobs sankt peterburgSi<br />
isaakis sakaTedro.<br />
profesori nugzar RomiZe,<br />
fizikis departamenti<br />
nivTs, romelic mowyenisa<br />
da modunebis saSualebas aravis<br />
aZlevs da romlis gareSec<br />
dRes cxovreba ubralod warmoudgenelia,<br />
sakmaod STambe-<br />
Wdavi da didi xnis istoria<br />
aqvs. es metad saWiro nivTi, ra<br />
Tqma unda, televizoria.<br />
mas Semdeg, rac adamianma<br />
didi fiqrisa da Sromis<br />
Sedegad radiosignalebis gadacema<br />
moaxerxa, moZravi gamosaxulebis<br />
gadacemaze daiwyo<br />
fiqri. aRniSnuli miznis<br />
ganxorcieleba arc ise advili<br />
aRmoCnda da amaSi Tavadac<br />
darwmundebiT, Tu televizoris<br />
muSaobis princips cotaTi<br />
mainc gaecnobiT.<br />
pirvel rigSi, satelevizio<br />
e.w. videio kamera saganze<br />
fokusirdeba, Semdeg ,,kiTxulobs~<br />
gamosaxulebas zustad<br />
ise, rogorc adamiani kiTxulobs<br />
dabeWdil teqsts gadacemis<br />
msvlelobisas. adamianisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT, satelevizio<br />
kamera gamosaxulebebs xazebad<br />
_striqonebad yofs, romelic<br />
mcire wertilebisagan<br />
_piqselebisagan Sedgeba. adamiani<br />
ki furcelze dawerils<br />
striqonebad aRiqvams.<br />
striqonebad dayofili gamosaxulebebi<br />
eleqtronul<br />
signalebad gardaiqmneba, romlic<br />
SesaZlebelia gadaices<br />
gadamcemi punqtidan mimReb<br />
punqtamde. mimReb puqtSi specialuri<br />
mimRebi mowyobiloba<br />
ivnisi<br />
iciT Tu ara vin Seqmna pirveli<br />
televizori?<br />
dedamiwa mzidan mesame planetaa.<br />
igi udidesia dedamiwis<br />
tipis planetebs Soris da samyaroSi<br />
cnobili erTaderTi<br />
adgilia, romelic cocxali<br />
arsebebiTaa dasaxlebuli. igi<br />
daaxloebiT 4,5 miliardi<br />
wlis win warmoiqmna da maleve<br />
SeiZina Tavisi erTaderTi<br />
bunebrivi Tanamgzavri mTvare.<br />
dedamiwisa da masze sicocxlis<br />
gaCenis Sesaxeb bibliis, Zveli<br />
aRTqmis erT-erTi wigni martivad<br />
mogviTxrobs. rac Seexeba<br />
mecnierul Teoriebs, isini<br />
mravalgvaria.<br />
gamoangariSebulia, rom<br />
dedamiwa daaxloebiT - 5, xolo<br />
qerqi 4,5 miliardi wlis win<br />
warmoiqmna. geoqronologia<br />
anu<br />
geologiuri welaTaRricxvaeonebad,<br />
erebad, periodebad<br />
da epoqebad<br />
yofen.<br />
mecnierTa azriT,<br />
atmosfero<br />
warmoiSva mantiidangamoTavisuflebuliairebisagan.<br />
Tavdapirvelad<br />
dedamiwis atmosfero<br />
Seicavda wylis<br />
orTqls, meTans,<br />
amiaks, azotsa da<br />
sxvas. dedamiwis<br />
zedapiri mTvaris<br />
amJamindel zedapirs<br />
hgavda. didi<br />
arekvlisunarianoba<br />
axasiaTebda, amitom saSualo<br />
temperatura ar aRemateboda 50<br />
graduss. Tavisufali Jangbadis<br />
mniSvnelovani nawili 2,7 miliardi<br />
wlis win gaCnda. am periodSive<br />
gaCnda ozonis Srec.<br />
sicocxlis arsebobis pirveli<br />
niSnebi dedamiwaze mxolod<br />
3,5 miliardi wlis win gaCnda.<br />
mkvlevarTa azriT, Cvens planetaze<br />
sicocxlis gaCenis ori<br />
gza arsebobs: kosmosuri da<br />
dedamiwiseuli. kosmosuri gzis<br />
mixedviT, sicocxle dedamiwaze<br />
sxva ciuri sxeulebidan moxvda.<br />
radgan samyaroSi arsebobs<br />
Cvens planetaze ufro asakovani<br />
eleqtronul signals kvlav gamosaxulebad<br />
gardaqmnis.<br />
Sotlandieli fizikosi<br />
jon berdi pirveli iyo vinc<br />
satelevizio signalis gadacema.<br />
jon berdi erT-erT qarxanaSi<br />
eleqtrikosad muSaobda.<br />
mas surda Seeqmna iseTi aparati,<br />
romlis meSveobiTac Sesa-<br />
Zlebeli iyo moZravi gamosaxulebis<br />
gadacema. didi fiqrisa<br />
da mondomebis Sedegad, man Seqmna<br />
telekameris iseTi diski,<br />
romelzedac ganlagebuli iyo<br />
30 nasvreti. diski brunavda<br />
da nasvretebis meSveobiT gamosaxulebasxazobriv-striqonulad<br />
yofda, Semdeg ki sinaTle<br />
fotoelements ecemoda. fotoelementSi<br />
warmoqmnili signali<br />
telemimRebs gadaecemoda.<br />
mimRebSi signali Zlierdeboda<br />
da Sedegad SesaZlebeli xdeboda<br />
gamosaxulebebis miReba.<br />
1925 wlis 2 oqtombers<br />
eleqtrikosma Tavisi sxvenis<br />
erTi bolodan meoreSi satelevizio<br />
gamosaxulebis gadacema<br />
moaxerxa. piveli, rac ekranze<br />
gamoCnda, biWis SemkrTali saxe<br />
iyo, romelic qveda sarTulze<br />
ganTavsebul oTaxSi muSaobda.<br />
1928 wels jon berdis<br />
pirveli satelevizio gamosaxulebebi<br />
atlantis okeanis gaRmac<br />
gamoCnda. ase, rom swored<br />
jon berdis damsaxurebaa iseTi<br />
saWiro nivTis gamogoneba da Seqmna,<br />
rogoric televizoria.<br />
iciT Tu ara ramdeni wlisaa<br />
dedamiwa?<br />
sxeulebi, fiqroben rom sxvagan<br />
sicocxle ufro adre warmoiSva.<br />
1865 wels germanelma mecnierma<br />
rixterma gamoTqva mosazreba,<br />
rom SesaZloa cocxali<br />
arsebani dedamiwaze kosmosidan<br />
moxvdnen mtvris, meteorebisa<br />
da sxva ciuri sxeulebis dacemiT.<br />
SesaZloa mtvers mikroorganizmi<br />
Semohyoloda. es versia<br />
dasaSvebia, Tumca mecnierTa<br />
didi nawili Tvlis, rom sicocxle<br />
uSualod dedamiwaze<br />
warmoiSva, rasac xeli Seuwyo<br />
mzis siTbom, sinaTlem, wyalma,<br />
haerma.<br />
dedamiwa ramdenime Srisagan<br />
Sedgeba: dedamiwis qerqisagan,<br />
mantiisgan (romelic<br />
dedamiwis qerqTan<br />
erTad liTosferos<br />
Seadgens) da birTvisagan<br />
es agebuleba<br />
seismuri talRis<br />
miwisZvris keridan<br />
zedapiris sxvadasxva<br />
wertilamde<br />
gavrcelebis SeswavliT<br />
dadginda.<br />
seismuri talRis<br />
gavrcelebis siCqare<br />
icvleba erTi fenidan<br />
meoreSi gadasvlisas,<br />
rac fenebis<br />
Sedgenilobis gansxvavebiTaagamowveuli.<br />
dedamiwis qerqi<br />
dayofilia sxvadasxva<br />
sididis liTosferul<br />
filebad,<br />
romlebic erTmaneTis mimarT<br />
gadaadgildebian. am moZraobas<br />
aRwers teqtonika.<br />
dedamiwis Seswavla dResac<br />
grZeldeba da dazustebuli<br />
informacia, Tu rogor warmoiSva,<br />
saidan gaCnda sicocxle<br />
da rogor gaagrZelebs „arsebobas“,<br />
kvlav burusiTaa moculi<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom es<br />
kiTxvebi mecnierebs mosvenebas<br />
ukargavs mcdelobas ar akleben,<br />
dedamiwis saidumlos farda<br />
axadon, romelic galaktikaSia<br />
Camaluli.<br />
moamzada<br />
miranda xajiSvilma
10 ivnisi<br />
nino doliZis gaxseneba<br />
nino doliZe erTi imaTgania, visma<br />
amqveynidan wasvlamac didi tkivili<br />
miayena axloblebs, nacnob- megobrebs,<br />
kolegebs, studentebs, didsa Tu pataras....<br />
dro midis, cxovreba win miiwevs,<br />
yoveldRiurobiT daRlili Tu sixaruliT<br />
gasxivosnebuli axloblebi<br />
dRiTidRe Zalumad grZnoben, rom maT<br />
gverdiT aRaraa sicocxliT savse qali,<br />
saukeTeso megobari, iSviaTi iumoriT<br />
dajildoebuli adamiani, kompaniis<br />
suli da guli, Wirisa da lxinis<br />
Tanaziari qalbatoni - nino doliZe.....<br />
aklia am patara qalaqs misi Rimiliani<br />
saxe, guliani xiTxiTi, imediani<br />
ganwyobileba, is siTbo da siyvaruli,<br />
rasac nino Tesavda, rasac igi unawilebda<br />
nacnob- megobrebs.... veravin<br />
warmoidgenda, mis gareSe rogori<br />
iqneboda cxovreba, mis gareSe rogor<br />
Caivlida nebismieri RonisZieba.....<br />
vigonebT masTan erTad gatarebul<br />
dReebs, iSviaTi komizmiT savse situaciebs,<br />
vmxiarulobT da am mxiarulebas<br />
moulodnelad cvlis, sevda, si-<br />
Cume, cremlebi ....da gvrCeba jiuti<br />
azri, romelsac vera da ver SevegueT,<br />
rom Sen Cven gverdiT fizikurad<br />
aRara xar, gvrCeba mouSuSebeli<br />
tkivili, rom veRar gagvamxiaruleb.....<br />
vwuxvarT, rom ,,xangrZliv es sofeli<br />
aravis axarebs”, vrwmundebiT, rom<br />
Sen xanmokle wuTisofelSic moaswari<br />
mogexada adamianuri vali, uSurvelad<br />
geTesa sikeTe da siyvaruli.... Sen Cvens<br />
gulebSi isev iseT lamaz, saTno, momxiblav,<br />
marad axalgazrda qalbatonad<br />
darCebi...<br />
nana cecxlaZe<br />
mzia xaxutaiSvili<br />
diana axvlediani<br />
naxiCevanis umaRlesi<br />
mejlisis Tavmjdomarem iusuf<br />
talibovma universitets<br />
saCuqrad maRalteqnologiuri<br />
aparatura gadasca<br />
q. baTumSi azerbaijanis respublikis<br />
generalurma konsulma gusein najafovma<br />
universitets naxiCevanis a.r. umaRlesi<br />
mejlisis Tavmjdomaris, baTumis SoTa<br />
rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
sapatio doqtoris vasif iusif talibovis<br />
saCuqari - Tanamedrove, maRalteqnologiuri<br />
aparatura gadasca. stumrebma<br />
reqtorTan, profesor alioSa<br />
bakuriZesTan, aWaris ganaTlebis, kulturisa<br />
da sportis ministrTan gia abulaZesTan,<br />
administraciis xelmZRvanelTan<br />
ediSer CavleiSvilTan da dekanebTan<br />
gamarTul Sexvedraze samomavlo gegmebze<br />
isaubres. aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris<br />
levan varSalomiZis iniciativiT<br />
naxiCevanis universitetsa da baTumis<br />
saxelmwifo universitets Soris Tanam-<br />
Sromlobas safuZveli ramdenime xnis<br />
win Caeyara. aWaris a.r. mTavrobis Tavmjdomare<br />
aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis<br />
warmomadgenlebTan da universitetis<br />
reqtorTan erTad sapasuxo vizitiT<br />
naxiCevanis avtonomiur respublikaSi<br />
imyofeboda, romlis farglebSi ori<br />
regionis umaRles saswavleblebs Soris<br />
memorandumi gaformda.<br />
naxiCevanis avtonomiuri respublikis<br />
umaRlesi mejlisis Tavmjdomarem iusuf<br />
talibovma baTumis SoTa rusTavelis<br />
saxelmwifo universitets saCuqrad 2<br />
,,Wkviani dafa~, 10 kompiuteri Sesabamisi<br />
aRWurvilobiT, 10 printeri, 2 leptopi<br />
da 2 proeqtori gadasca. aparaturiT<br />
ori kabineti aRiWurveba, sadac igegmeba<br />
treningebis, seminarebis, konferenciebis,<br />
sazafxulo skolebis Catareba.<br />
amave kabinetebSi azerbaijanul enovan<br />
moqalaqeebs qarTuli enis, xolo dainteresebul<br />
pirebs - azerbaijanuli enis<br />
Seswavla SeeZlebaT.<br />
baTumis mosaxleoba me-19 saukunesa da me-20<br />
saukunis pirvel ocwleulSi<br />
1807 wels baTumSi imogzaura<br />
frangma mogzaurma Aadrian diuprem,<br />
romlis monacemebis mixedviT, imxanad,<br />
baTumis mTeli mosaxleoba<br />
udrida 2 aTass kacs, romelTagan<br />
qalaqis mosaxleobis ZiriTad<br />
nawils qarTvelebi Seadgendnen.<br />
mogzauri maSindel baTums aseT<br />
Sefasebas aZlevs: ,,aqa-iq mimofantuli<br />
saxlebiT igi ufro vrcel<br />
sofels waagavs, vidre qalaqs. ba-<br />
Tumi gaSenebulia zRvis sanapiroze,<br />
aqvs erTaderTi Ria reidi aRmosavleTis,<br />
Crdilo-aRmosavleTisa da<br />
CrdiloeTis mxridan, dasavleTiT<br />
igi daculia qviSiani koncxiT. reidi<br />
Rrmaa da xomaldebisaTvis iseve<br />
usafrTxoa, rogorc saukeTeso<br />
navsadgurebi~. [1]]]]<br />
aRniSnuli periodisaTvis dRevandeli<br />
baTumi marTlac rom qalaqad<br />
Camoyalibebis stadiaSi<br />
gaxldaT. misi ganaSenianebis daCqarebis<br />
mizniT, osmaleTis xelisufleba<br />
baTumSi Camosaxlebas<br />
(erovnebis mixedviT) didad uwyobda<br />
xels. cnobili mkvlevari s.<br />
anisimova amasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
werda: ,,baTumis axali dasaxlebis<br />
aTvisebis mizniT, 1807 wels osmaleTis<br />
xelisuflebam neba darTo<br />
Turq da berZen emigrantebs, 1866<br />
wlidan ki afxaz muxajirebs, arendiT<br />
aeRoT miwis nakveTebi qalaqis<br />
teritoriaze~. [2]]]<br />
osmaleTis xelisuflebis msgavsma<br />
gadawyvetilebam sagrZnoblad<br />
daaCqara qalaqis ganaSenianebis<br />
procesebi, romlis paralelurad<br />
aseve mniSvnelovnad gaizarda mosaxleobis<br />
raodenoba baTumSi.<br />
1872 wlisaTvis baTumSi mosaxelobis<br />
raodenoba aRemateboda<br />
4970 suls, aqedan berZeni iyo 350<br />
suli, somexi – 120 suli, qarTveli<br />
ki 4500 suli.<br />
baTumSi aRniSnuli periodisaTvis<br />
cxovrobdnen agreTve _ Turqebi,<br />
Cerqezebi, afxazebi da zangebi.<br />
1878 wlisaTvis baTumis mosaxleoba<br />
udrida 3000 suls. mosaxleoba<br />
aseTi Semcireba gamowveuli<br />
gaxldaT ruseT-TurqeTis omiT,<br />
romlis zegavleniTac bevri adgilobrivi<br />
mosaxle gadaixvewa TurqeT-<br />
Si muhajirad.<br />
baTumis porto-frankod gamocxadebam<br />
biZgi misca qalaqSi<br />
vaWrobisa da mrewvelobis ganviTarebas,<br />
romlis paraleluradac izrdeboda<br />
mosaxleobis raodenobac.<br />
1882 wels, qalaq baTumSi Catarda<br />
mosaxleobis erTdRiani aRwera,<br />
romlis drosac gamovlinda, rom<br />
qalaqSi imxanad cxovrobda 8661<br />
suli, maT Soris 6921 mamakaci da<br />
1740 qali.<br />
im droisaTvis qalaqSi cxovrobda<br />
sxvadasxva erovnebis warmomadgeneli<br />
Semdegi raodenobiT: _<br />
]]]qarTvelebi-3156 suli, rusebi _ 980<br />
suli, Turqebi _ 603 suli, somxebi<br />
_ 908 suli, afxazebi _ 377 suli,<br />
sparselebi –_ 112¬ suli, ebraelebi<br />
_ 179 suli, berZnebi _ 11<strong>06</strong> suli,<br />
germanelebi _ 145 suli,¬ frangebi<br />
_ 24 suli, italielebi _ 18 suli,<br />
ingliselebi _ 10 suli.¬[3]]]].<br />
1882 wlisaTvis baTumis mosaxleoba<br />
religiuri mrwamsis<br />
mixedviT aseT suraTs iZleoda: mar-<br />
Tlmadideblebi _ 3158 suli, somex<br />
_ grigorianelebi _ 436 suli,<br />
somex _ kaTolikeni da kaTolikeni<br />
_ 176 suli, protestantebi¬ _ 101<br />
suli, rusi seqtantebi –_ 42 suli,<br />
iudevelebi _ 179 suli, muslimanebi<br />
_ 1282 suli. [4]]]].<br />
mosaxleobis klasifikacia<br />
dasaqmebis mixedviT Semdeg suraTs<br />
iZleva: vaWrebi da noqrebi _ 584<br />
suli, Sinamosamsaxureebi _ 582<br />
suli, muSebi _ 465¬ suli, menaveebi<br />
_ 63 suli, eqimebi _ 18 suli, bebiaqalebi<br />
_ 6 suli, meafTiaqeni _ 7<br />
suli, maswavlebeli _ 15 suli, mxatvari<br />
– 1 suli, gazeTis redaqtori<br />
_ 1 suli, mkinZavi _ 2 suli. [4]] ] ]<br />
1883 wlidan qalaq baTumis garesamyarosTan<br />
sarkinigzo xaziT dakavSirebam<br />
kidev ufro daaCqara<br />
qalaqSi mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis<br />
aRmavloba, amis paralelurad gaizarda<br />
misi mosaxleobac.<br />
1890 wlis 17 ivniss Catarda mosaxleobis<br />
aRwera, romlis safuZvelzec<br />
damtkicda, rom qalaqSi sul<br />
cxovrobda 18123 kaci, romelTagan<br />
mudmivi, ZiriTadi mosaxleoba<br />
Seadgenda 14674 suls. jariskacebi,<br />
reidze mdgar gemTa mezRvaurebi,<br />
mosamsaxureebi, moswavleebi; e. i.<br />
baTumis droebiTi mcxovrebni Seadgendnen<br />
3449 suls. sainteresoa, rom<br />
mamakacTa raodenoba udrida 14180<br />
suls, qalTa raodenoba ki 3943<br />
suls. baTumis mosaxleoba erovnebaTa<br />
mixedviT iZleoda Semdeg suraTs:<br />
qarTvelebi _ 3571 suli, anu<br />
mTeli mosaxleobis 19,¬72 procenti,<br />
rusebi _ 4161 suli, anu 22,95<br />
procenti, somxebi _ 3128 suli,¬<br />
anu 17,25 procenti, berZnebi – 1995<br />
su¬li, anu 11,0 procenti, ebraelebi<br />
_ 862 suli, anu 4,76 procenti,<br />
Tur¬qebi¬_ 1172 suli, anu 6,48 procenti.<br />
1890 wlis aRweris periodSi<br />
socialuri mdgomareobis mixedviT<br />
baTumSi cxovrobdnen: glexebi _<br />
6795, meSCanebi _ 4240 suli, sazRvargareTeli<br />
qveSevrdomebi _ 2030<br />
suli, gaurkveveli wodebisani _<br />
1514 suli, aznaurebi _ 1404 suli,<br />
begebi da aRebi _ 9 suli, TavadTa<br />
wodebisani _ 116 suli, aznaurTa<br />
maZiebeli _ 3 suli, SliaxtiCi _<br />
1 suli, moqalaqeebi _ 1171 suli,<br />
vaWrebi _ 375 suli, dabali Cinis<br />
pirebi _ 216 suli, sasuliero wodebisani<br />
_ 144 suli, Tadarigis<br />
jariskacebi _ 44 suli, Zveli mosaxleoba<br />
_ 24 suli, maRali Cinis<br />
moxeleebi _ 36 suli, ukanonod Sobilni<br />
_ 6 suli, sul _ 18123 suli.<br />
aRniSnuli droisaTvis baTumis mosaxleobis<br />
51,98 procenti gaxldaT<br />
wera-kiTxvis mcodne. [5]]<br />
1897 wlis 28 ianvars Catarda<br />
sruliad ruseTis masStabiT mosaxleobis<br />
aRwera, romlis drosac<br />
dadginda, rom qalaq baTumSi<br />
cxovrobda 28508 suli, maT Soris<br />
20439 mamakaci da 8169 qali. aRniSnuli<br />
droisaTvis qalaqSi droebiT<br />
mcxovrebTa raodenoba Seadgenda<br />
1714 suls. baTumis mosaxleoba<br />
erovnuli Semadgenlobis mixedviT<br />
imxanad iZleoda aseT suraTs: qarTvelebi<br />
_ 6087 suli, rusebi _<br />
7144 suli, somxebi _ 6839 suli,<br />
berZnebi _ 274 suli, ebraelebi _<br />
1<strong>06</strong>4 suli, polonelebi _ 722 su¬li,<br />
germanelebi _ 299 suli, Cerqezebi<br />
_ 65 suli, Turqebi _ 1654 suli<br />
(unda aRiniSnos, rom iqve, TurqebTan<br />
miwerili gaxldaT aWarlebi),<br />
sxva danarCeni erovnebisani _ 1870<br />
suli. religiuri mrwamsis mixedviT<br />
aRniSnuli periodisaTvis ba-<br />
TumSi cxovrobdnen: marTlmadidebelni<br />
_ 15495 suli, raskolnikebi<br />
_ 137 suli, somex-grigorianelebi<br />
_ 6150 suli, somex-kaTolikeni _<br />
662 suli, romael-kaTolikeni _<br />
1385 suli, sxvadasxva protestantebi<br />
_ 334 suli, mahmadianebi _ 3156<br />
suli, iudaelebi _ 1179 su¬li, sxva<br />
sarwmunoebisani _ 10 suli.<br />
baTumSi mosaxleobis zrdas ganapirobebda<br />
mravali samrewvelo<br />
obieqtis Seqmna, romelTa normaluri<br />
funqcionirebisaTvis cxadia,<br />
saWiro iyo didi raodenobiT<br />
muSaxeli.<br />
mTeli 25 wlis ganmavlobaSi, saxeldobr,<br />
1897 wlidan 1922 wlamde<br />
baTumis mosaxleoba sagrZnoblad<br />
gaizarda da 1922 wlisaTvis miaRwia<br />
32¬302¬suls.<br />
baTumis mosaxleobis saSualo<br />
zrda procentebSi wlebis mixedviT<br />
gv¬aZlevs aseT suraTs: 1878<br />
wlidan 1882 wlamde qalaqis mosaxleobis<br />
zrda Seadgenda 47,0<br />
procents, 1882 wlidan 1886 wlamde<br />
- 17,7 procents, 1886 wlidan 1890<br />
wlamde - 5,6 procents, 1890 wlidan<br />
1897 wlamde - 8,2 pr¬o¬cents, 1897<br />
wlidan 1917 wlamde - 1,1 procents.<br />
1917 wlidan 1918 wlamde qalaqis<br />
mosaxleobis klebam Seadgina 56,6<br />
procenti, rac gamowveuli iyo<br />
arastabiluri mdgomareobiT, 1918<br />
wlidan 1920 wlamde mosaxleobis<br />
zrda Seadgenda 97,8 procents,<br />
1920 wlidan 1922 wlamda _ 16, 9<br />
procents, 1922 wlisaTvis baTumSi<br />
sul cxovrobda 60810 suli. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare ar SeiZleba ar<br />
aRiniSnos, rom baTumis mosaxleobis<br />
raodenobis zrda gacilebiT<br />
didia, vidre saqarTvelos Savi<br />
zRvis sanapiros sxva qalaqebisa.<br />
am¬ Cveni ganacxadis dasadastureblad<br />
moviyvanT mosaxleobis<br />
zrdis procentebs sxvadasxva<br />
qalaqebSi (baTumTan SedarebiT)<br />
wlebis mixedviT:<br />
1897 weli 1922 weli 1927 weli<br />
soxumi 5,0 7,5 6,2<br />
FOfoTi<br />
4,6 4,9 4,6<br />
baTumi 17,69 26,1 15,2<br />
baTumSi mosaxleobis procentuli<br />
zrda marTlac rom gacilebiT<br />
didia. [6]]<br />
1917 wlisaTvis baTumis mosaxleoba<br />
udrida 35048 suls. 1918<br />
wlisaTvis igi Seadgenda 15875 suls,<br />
aqedan qarTvelebi- 2238 suls, anu<br />
mTeli mosaxleobis 14,6 procents,<br />
somxebi _ 288 suls (1918 wlisaTvis<br />
somexi mosaxleobis aseTi mkve-<br />
Tri Semcireba gamoiwvia osmaleTis<br />
jaris mier baTumis dakavebam), anu<br />
1,9 procents, rusebi _ 3669 suls,<br />
anu 23,8 procents, ebraelebi _ 750<br />
suls anu 4,9 procents, germanelebi<br />
_ 4878 suls, anu 31,7 procents.<br />
1922 wlisaTvis baTumis mosaxleoba<br />
mTlianad Seadgenda 60810<br />
suls, aqedan qarTvelebi _ 18232<br />
suls, anu 30,0 procents, somxebi<br />
_ 10720 suls, anu¬ _ 17,6 procents,<br />
ebraelebi _ 3699 suls, anu<br />
6,1 procents, berZnebi –7629¬ suls,<br />
anu 12,6 procents.<br />
1922 welTan SedarebiT 1927<br />
wlisaTvis baTumSi mosaxleoba Semcirda<br />
mTeli 20 procentiT. aqedan<br />
berZnebi _ 62,7 procentiT, ebraelebi<br />
_ 48,2 procentiT, somxebi _ 31,6<br />
procentiT, rusebi _ 17,0 procentiT.<br />
rac Seexeba qarTvelobas, igi<br />
Semcirda mxolod 448 suliT, rac<br />
mTeli qarTveli mosaxleobis mxolod<br />
2,5 procents udrida. yovelive<br />
es qarTveli mosaxleobis stabilurobaze<br />
migvaniSnebs. [7]]<br />
oTar gogoliSvili
Wabua amirejibis saymawvilo<br />
moTxrobebs Soris `Sivas<br />
TvaliT~ erT–erTi saukeTesoa.<br />
garda imisa, rom mwerali<br />
klasikuri srulyofiT<br />
xatavs bavSvs, mis sulier<br />
samyaros, mis interesebs da<br />
Taviseburebebs, rasac pedagogikuri<br />
da fsiqologiuri<br />
codnis didi maragi sWirdeba.<br />
moTxroba sayuradReboa<br />
misi filosofiuri mniSvnelobiTac.<br />
mwerali sruliad<br />
bunebrivad da damajereblad<br />
axerxebs 11= =-12 wlis bavSvis<br />
winaSe dasvas filosofiis<br />
urTulesi sakiTxi= =-WeSmaritebis<br />
dadgenis cda.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, WeSmaritebis<br />
dadgena, rogorc<br />
adamianuri sicocxlis sazrisi,<br />
xalxur Semoqmedeba-<br />
Sic gavrcelebuli erT= =-erTi<br />
motivia. simarTlesa da sicrues<br />
Soris erTi mtkaveliao,–=<br />
=_ ityvis xalxuri<br />
mTqmeli da Tvalsa da yurs<br />
Soris daidebs mtkavels. sicruea<br />
yuriT mosmenili, simarTlea<br />
TvaliT danaxuli.<br />
maT Soris manZili erTi mu-<br />
Wis tolia. Wabua amirejibi<br />
agrZelebs saubars am Temaze<br />
da cxadyofs, rom SeiZleba<br />
arc TvaliT danaxuli iyos<br />
unaklo da ueWveli simar-<br />
Tle. maS, ra aris WeSmariteba?<br />
mwerali didaqtikuri<br />
wesebis dacviT warmarTavs<br />
saubars am Temaze, rac filosofiur<br />
da pedagogikur<br />
literaturaSi swavlebis<br />
`sokratuli meTodis~ saxeliTaa<br />
cnobili. dasaxuli<br />
miznis misaRwevad mwerali<br />
Wabua amirejibi irCevs martiv,<br />
magram uaRresad damaxasiaTebel<br />
movlenas, risi<br />
mowmec yoveldRe aris bavSvi.<br />
es aris mxedvelobisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebureba:<br />
cali TvaliT danaxuli<br />
sagani gansxvavebulad Cans,<br />
vidre orive TvaliT danaxuli.<br />
mxatvrul nawarmoebSi es<br />
epizodi asea gadmocemuli:<br />
moxuci kaci kaleidoskopiT<br />
dgas quCaSi da aT kapikad<br />
axedebs bavSvebs uCvenebs<br />
nairnair suraTebs. nawarmoebis<br />
mTavari moqmedi personaJis<br />
aCikos yuradReba<br />
miiqcia indoelTa RmerTis-<br />
Sivas suraTma. RvTaeba Sivas<br />
mravali xeli da sami Tvali<br />
hqonda.<br />
`= =_Zia, is zedmeti Tvali,<br />
Sublis Tvali, marTla<br />
aqvs?= =_vkiTxe isev.<br />
=_ = vera xedav? marTla<br />
aqvs.<br />
=_ = rad unda?<br />
=_ = va, rogor Tu rad unda.<br />
aba cali Tvali daxuWe, mag<br />
suraTs Sexede. ufro sxvanairia<br />
Tu ara?<br />
davxuWe. ufro sxvanairi<br />
iyo, ufro patara meCvena.<br />
=_ = sxvanairia! =_ = davudasture<br />
me.<br />
=_ = hooo! axla eg Tvali<br />
gaaRe da meore daxuWe!<br />
is Tvali gavaxile, meore<br />
davxuWe.<br />
=_ = axla sul sxvanairia Tu<br />
ara?<br />
davakvirdi, marTla sxvanairi<br />
Canda.<br />
==_ ufro sxvanairia!–vTqvi<br />
me.<br />
=_ = maS, ra gamodis? erTi<br />
sxvanairad giCvenebs, meore<br />
sxvanairad. oriveTi erTad<br />
roca uyureb, maSin kidev<br />
sxvanairia... marTali romelia?<br />
=_ = romeli iyo?–= =_gamecina.<br />
=_ = hooo, eg aris indoeTis<br />
RmerTi Siva. xedav, ramdeni<br />
xeli aqvs? qveyanaze ramdeni<br />
saqmea-yvelafers magis<br />
xeli unda daedos. RmerTi<br />
imis RmerTia, marTali xeli<br />
unda daados. ori Tvali<br />
s i b r Z n i s T v a l i<br />
hqonoda, marTals ranairad<br />
gaigebda, imitom sami<br />
Tvali aqvs, eg mesame Tvali<br />
marTali Tvalia. roca ori<br />
TvaliT rames dainaxavs, mere<br />
im danaxuls mesame TvaliT<br />
Sexedavs, marTals ipovis da<br />
xelsac daadebs~.<br />
es aris filosofiuri<br />
azris pedagogizaciis<br />
saukeTeso nimuSi. swavlebaSi<br />
(saSualo, umaRles skolaSi)<br />
amas pedagogiur enaze problemuri<br />
situaciis warmoqmna<br />
hqvia da yvelam, visac surs<br />
ufro saintereso gaxados<br />
swavleba, guldasmiT unda<br />
gaecnos metaforuli saTauriT<br />
cnobil moTxrobas `Sivas<br />
TvaliT~.<br />
aCiko Cveulebrivi, tipuri<br />
bavSvia. misi bavSvuri<br />
xasiaTi kargad Cans mis<br />
dakvirvebebsa da saidumloebebSi.<br />
xalasi bavSvuri<br />
gulubryviloba Cans mis dakvirvebaSi<br />
mamis gabrazebaze<br />
qaliSvilis-aCikos ufrosi<br />
dis qeTinos unebarTvod<br />
gaTxovebis gamo. mama sayvedurs<br />
eubneba meuRles-aCikos<br />
dedas: `ugrove ZonZebi da<br />
zizil-pipiloebi, ara? erTi<br />
suli hqonda rodis momcemeno,<br />
mageebma gaabriyva!~ aCiko<br />
lamazi nivTebiT Tavisi<br />
bavSvuri gatacebiT marTla<br />
darwmunebulia, rom qeTino<br />
gaTxovda lamazi kabebisa da<br />
sakabeebis xelSi CagdebisaTvis.<br />
aCiko fiqrobs: `me mgoni,<br />
mama nawilobriv mainc mar-<br />
Tali iyo. xumroba saqmea amdeni<br />
lamaz-lamazi raRacebis<br />
xelSi Cagdeba? gaTxovdeboda,<br />
aba, ras izamda~.<br />
bavSvuria aCikos aRiareba<br />
qalaqSi Tavisuflad da nebarTviT<br />
gasvlis gamo: `es<br />
iyo Cemi pirveli damoukidebeli<br />
gasvla qalaqSi... nebarTviT,<br />
Torem ise bevrjer<br />
gavparulvar~.<br />
gonieri bavSvis saxasiaTo<br />
Tvisebebi ikiTxeba axali<br />
fexsacmlis mimarT aCikos<br />
damokidebulebaSi. TamaSis<br />
dros aCikom gaixada axali<br />
fexsacmeli, jer, ra Tqma<br />
unda, ufrosi biWis karnaxiT,<br />
magram Sinaganad TviTonac<br />
kmayofilia rom gaixada:<br />
`Custebi erTmaneTs gadavabi<br />
da margalze Camovkide.<br />
ase jobda, ar gamicvdeboda,<br />
Semenaxeboda. dedam xom ramdenjerme<br />
miTxra, Custebs<br />
araferi damarTo, Torem mamaSeni<br />
ar vici ras gizamso~.<br />
aCiko uaRresad STabeWdilebiani<br />
bavSvia. man ise<br />
Rrmad ganicada da gaiazra<br />
Sivas mravali xelisa<br />
da Sublze mesame Tvalis<br />
idea, rom myarad Camoyalibda<br />
masSi samarTlianobis<br />
dacvis gancda. fidos mier<br />
Custebis warTmevis gamo<br />
dasevdianebuli aCiko umal<br />
Sivas fenomenze Cafiqrdeba<br />
da ityvis: `Sivas xelebsa da<br />
Tvalebze Zalian bevri vifiqre<br />
da mgoni, yvelaferi<br />
kargad gavige: Sivas rom<br />
davenaxe, jer cali TvaliT<br />
Semomxedavda, mere- meore<br />
cali TvaliT, mere-oriveTi<br />
erTad. mere orive Tvals<br />
daxuWavda da mesameTi ki ar<br />
Semomxedavda, Sexedavda imas,<br />
rac TiTo–TiTo da orive<br />
TvaliT dainaxa da uceb<br />
gaigebda, risTvis da rogor<br />
waiRo fidom Cemi Custebi.<br />
mere aiRebda da erT–erT<br />
xels am `saqmes daadebda~.<br />
aCiko madlierebis xalasi<br />
grZnobiT gamorCeuli biWia.<br />
is namdvilad madlierebis<br />
niWiT aris dabadebuli da<br />
zogjer gvafiqrebs, rom<br />
madlierebis swavleba ar<br />
SeiZleba, imitom, rom adamianebSi<br />
xSirad yvelaze srulyofilad<br />
umaduroba ufro<br />
vlindeba, vidre madliereba.<br />
paradoqsia, magram faqtia,<br />
rom madlierebis grZnoba<br />
adamianebis umetesobaSi gacilebiT<br />
sustia, vidre Sinaur<br />
cxovelebSi. bevri adamiani<br />
mTeli sicocxlis manZilze<br />
ver maRldeba Sinauri ZaRlis<br />
madlierebamde. ZaRlis<br />
erTguleba da madliereba<br />
TiTqos unakloa. adamianebs<br />
Soris umaduroba ufro<br />
srulyofili Cans, vidre madliereba.<br />
aCiko madlierebis<br />
gansaxierebaa. moTxrobaSi<br />
kargad Cans, rogor viTarebaSi<br />
asesxa axalgazrda mxatvarma,<br />
Tavad uangaro gujam<br />
fexsacmelebis SesaZeni fuli<br />
fexSiSvela aCikos `asesxa~,<br />
Torem misi dabrunebis imedi<br />
ucxo bavSvisagan ar hqonda.<br />
`asesxa~ mxolod imitom, rom<br />
TanaugrZno gaWirvebaSi Cavardnil<br />
biWs, magram aCikos<br />
aRmoaCnda madlierebis niWi<br />
da didis vai-glaxiT miagno<br />
gujas binas da fuli<br />
daubruna. am epizodiT mwerali<br />
did zneobriv gakveTils<br />
sTavazobs ara mxolod mozard<br />
Taobas, aramed yvelas,<br />
visac urTierToba aqvs<br />
meore adamianTan.<br />
zneobrivi grZnobis es-<br />
Tetizacia, anu rac zneobrivia,<br />
_mSvenieria, kargad<br />
ikiTxeba mesaflavesTan<br />
aCikos Sexvedris epizod-<br />
Si. mesaflave gansvenebuli<br />
adamianebis mogonebebiT<br />
cxovrebaze xalxuri sibrZnis<br />
nimuSebs axmianebs. igi<br />
urigo da rigian micvalebulad<br />
yofs Tavis samwysoSi<br />
dasaflavebulebs. erT dasaflavebulis<br />
Sesaxeb ambobs:<br />
`magisi arc avi gamigia,<br />
arc kargi. raxan ise mokvda,<br />
rom xma ar datova, uavkargo<br />
yofila. Seni sicocxle<br />
ijde, prasi Wamo, mokvde,<br />
rigiani micvalebuli ranairad<br />
iqnebi?~“mesaflavis<br />
rwmeniT, kacis avkargianoba<br />
sicocxleSi gakeTebuli<br />
keTili saqmeebiT fasdeba.<br />
amitom meore saflavze ityvis:<br />
`es kai micvalebulia...<br />
amisTana micvalebulebi arcerT<br />
mesaflaves ara hyavs,<br />
rac rame rigiania, sul aq<br />
aris, sul CemTan marxia... am<br />
micvalebuls arasodes uTqvams,<br />
qveyanas jani gavardes,<br />
me Cemi gza maqvso. sul imas<br />
ambobda, qveyanaze rac rame<br />
xdeba, yvelaferi Cemi saqmeao.<br />
saca usamarTlobas gaigebda,<br />
es kaci iq iyo. daCagruls<br />
eSveleboda. saca boroteba<br />
iyo, es kaci iyo iq. avs<br />
kacs Tvalebsa sTxrida. Tavis<br />
moswreba usamarTlobas<br />
eomeboda. samarTlianobas<br />
eqomageboda... vah, kaci iyo,<br />
raRa, namdvili kaci!~“<br />
sagulisxmo Sexedulebas<br />
aviTarebs mesaflave<br />
tyuilebis momgonebel<br />
gansvenebulze. „erTi micvalebuli<br />
myavs, sicocxleSi sul<br />
tyuils ambobda, erTi mar-<br />
Tali ar uTqvams. yvelafers<br />
ujerebdnen, ici, raTa?<br />
=_ = tyuilebi sjerodaT?<br />
sjerodaT. kargi tyuili<br />
icoda da imitom iseTi,<br />
romelsac yvela daijerebs~.<br />
magram roca jeri midga<br />
Custebis dakargvis mizezebze,<br />
riTac Tavi unda emarTlebina<br />
aCikos Tavis mSoblebis<br />
winaSe, mesaflave STaagonebs<br />
mozards: `yvelaze ukeTesi<br />
mainc is iqneba, Sin mixvide<br />
da simarTle Tqva~.<br />
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos<br />
qristianuli taZris<br />
gamakeTilSobilebeli zegavlena<br />
adamianis zneobriv samyaroze.<br />
fexSiSveli da wvimiT<br />
galumpuli aCiko marto<br />
grZnobs Tavs. fexSiSvelad<br />
Sin dabrunebis eSinia, quCa-<br />
Si ki damxmare da Sembralebeli<br />
aravin aris. `saiT<br />
wavsuliyavi, ra meqna, visTvis<br />
SemeCivla Cemi gasaWiri!<br />
qveyanaze iseTi aravin iyo,<br />
gavemxnevebine, nugeSi eca,<br />
arc Sin, arc gareT. Sin mama<br />
gamijavrdeboda, iqneb gavelaxe<br />
kidec. dedac, qeTinoc<br />
masxrad amigdebdnen. bebo<br />
gamebuteboda. ver vitandi<br />
bebos gabutvas. cremls<br />
Zlivs vikavebdi. saiT wavsuliyavi?<br />
arsaiT ar mindoda<br />
wasvla, aravis naxva ar damamSvidebda.<br />
vijeqi da viyavi<br />
martodmarto. Tavze wvima<br />
damdioda, fexebi gubeSi<br />
mqonda da vtirodi. yvelam<br />
mawyenina, yvelam damCagra.<br />
amitom vtirodi da kidev<br />
imitom, rom wvimda da baRi<br />
carieli iyo~. am gancdeb-<br />
Si myofs eklesiis zarebis<br />
xma moesma. imedgadawuruli<br />
bavSvi eklesiaSi Sevida da<br />
Sveba da imedic iq ipova. es<br />
imedi wminda giorgis xatma<br />
STaagona. sanTelic mas<br />
aunTo. mwerali gvTavazobs<br />
epizods araeklesiurad aRzrdili<br />
bavSvis cnobierebaze<br />
saeklesio wmindanebis gamakeTilSobilebelizegavlenis<br />
Sesaxeb. eklesiis xatebi<br />
aCikosTana bavSvebisaTvis ar<br />
aRiqmeba rogorc suraTebis<br />
gamofena. saeklesio xatSi<br />
imedis rwmenas xedavs mozardi.<br />
wminda giorgis xatis<br />
win mdgomi aCiko ase gviziarebs<br />
Tavis gadasvlas axal<br />
samyaroSi: `Zalian kargi saxe<br />
hqonda giorgis da Zalian<br />
sazareli iyo urCxuli. es<br />
kaci rom damxmareboda, fidos<br />
Cems axalTaxal Custebs<br />
wavarTmevdiT. mere sadgurSi<br />
wavidodiT, im gaiZvera kacs<br />
plackarts ukan CavabarebinebdiT.<br />
gavaZevebdiT, saiTac<br />
undoda, iqiT wasuliyo,<br />
oRond iqaurobas gascloda.<br />
axla im xalxs movagrovebdiT<br />
da gavagebinebdiT, rom<br />
me ki ara, aylayuda da misi<br />
kalaTiani qali iyvnen damna-<br />
Saveni, bodiSs movaxdevinebdiT.<br />
im kacs, romelic yviroda<br />
daiWireT, moiparao,<br />
erTs mainc wavartyamdiT<br />
sulel gograSi. movrCebodiT<br />
am saqmeebs da Saba-<br />
Tobaze wavidodiT. aba, iq<br />
iqneboda seiri! vgrZnobdi,<br />
raRac gamomrCa. mexsierebaSi<br />
viqeqebodi da bolos is noqrebi<br />
momagonda, sadguris<br />
pirdapir fexsacmlis maRaziaSi<br />
rom muSaobdnen, Tavi<br />
rom moiyares da daxlis<br />
SuSebze Custebi maxatvines,<br />
sanam ar mobezrdaT. imaT<br />
vaswavlidi Wkuas. rogor egonaT?<br />
yovelive amas naTlad<br />
vxedavdi da Zalian kargad<br />
vgrZnobdi Tavs. yvelafers<br />
me vakeTebdi. giorgi ise<br />
iyo. erTi gavifiqre, mainc<br />
yvelafers me vakeTeb da im<br />
kacs, raRas vacden–meTqi. ma-<br />
ivnisi<br />
gram arc marto darCena mindoda!<br />
zogi ram iseTi kargi<br />
vifiqre, momewona da Tavidan<br />
vifiqre. erTi sityviT, mSvenier<br />
dros vatarebdi, yvelas<br />
javri amoviyare, yvelas Tavisi<br />
adgili mivuCine...<br />
moTxroba `Sivas TvaliT~<br />
sayuradReboa imiTac, rom<br />
karg magaliTs uCvenebs mozardebs<br />
interesTa SeuTavseblobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, biWurad,<br />
Rirseulad rogor gaarkvion<br />
erTmaneTSi urTierToba,<br />
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Cxubis<br />
epizodi. Cxubis gareSe ar<br />
aris bavSvoba. samwuxarod,<br />
axla aseTi Cxubebi imarTeba<br />
biWebs Soris, rac xSirad<br />
tragediiT mTavrdeba mxolod<br />
imis gamo, rom biWebs<br />
ar vaswavliT namusian, raindul<br />
Cxubs, amitom mimarTaven<br />
isini civ iaraRs, zogjer<br />
cecxlsasrolsac. aseT CxubSi<br />
gamoicdeba ara biWi,<br />
aramed iaraRi. mwerali bi-<br />
Wis gamosacdelad surviliT<br />
aRwers erTi Cxubis suraTs:<br />
`kuTxidan biWebma gamouxvies.<br />
samni iyvnen. Cemi nacnobebi<br />
dainaxes Tu ara, ise<br />
etaknen, viTom adreve hqondaT<br />
daTqmuli Cxubis dro,<br />
adgili da wesic... wesi imitom<br />
vaxsene, rom im biWebma<br />
daacades, sanam amaT Custebs<br />
mouares, ese igi, erTma Custi<br />
mucelTan qamarSi gairWo,<br />
meorem gverdze moisrola,<br />
qvafenilze daagdo, Cems fex-<br />
TiT da mxolod amis Semdeg<br />
dascxes erTmaneTs. magari Cxubi<br />
gaimarTa. arc qva uxmariaT,<br />
arc wixli. muStebiT da<br />
TavuriT Cxubobdnen, Zalian<br />
lamazad Cxubobdnen, gansakuTrebiT<br />
Cemi nacnobebi~.<br />
mwerali kidev mraval<br />
saintereso suraTs xatavs<br />
nawarmoebSi mozardi Taobis<br />
Rirseuli CvevebiT aRzrdisaTvis.<br />
magaliTad bevr adamians<br />
uWirs sxvas hkiTxos is,<br />
rac ar icis, es kompleqsi axalgazrdam<br />
bavSvobaSive unda<br />
dasZlios. Wabua amirejibis<br />
gmiri am mxriv sanimuSoa. is<br />
ambobs: `roca raime ar vicodi,<br />
sxvas vekiTxebodi, ara<br />
mrcxvenoda~. es iseTi Tvisebaa<br />
kacis cxovrebaSi, romelic<br />
yovelTvis daicavs mas<br />
uneburi Secdomebisagan, Tavidan<br />
aacilebs samarcxvino<br />
uvicobas.<br />
moTxroba `Sivas TvaliT~<br />
Sesrulebulia maRali mxatvruli<br />
gemovnebiT. mwerali<br />
zomierad iyenebs mxatvruli<br />
gamosaxvis xerxebsa da saSualebebs,<br />
rac pirvel rigSi,<br />
mwerlis frazas xdis sanaxaobad,<br />
aRweril suraTs ki<br />
metyvelad, cocxal sinamdviled.<br />
aseTia, magaliTad<br />
konstrastis xerxiT Sesrulebuli<br />
es suraTi: `deda<br />
laparakobda, me ki vfiqrobdi~.<br />
Sedarebebi: `im gogos<br />
naxvis survili qaviliviT<br />
amityda~; `ise wavidnen, viTom<br />
skolidan Sin midiodnen da<br />
iRliiT wignebi mihqondaT~.<br />
mSvenieria es hiperbolac:<br />
`aq haersac ki vardis surneleba<br />
hqonda. vardisa ki<br />
ara, uamravi sxvadasxva yvavilis<br />
surneleba~.<br />
saTauri `Sivas TvaliT~<br />
mxatvruli metaforaa,<br />
romelSic gamoxatulia adamianis<br />
arsebobis erT-erTi<br />
mTavari sazrisi–veZiebdeT<br />
WeSmaritebas da rac SeiZleba<br />
namdvil, ara moCvenebiT,<br />
WeSmaritebas. Tu es sazrisi<br />
bavSvobidanve gamoumuSavdeba<br />
adamians, igi srulyofil<br />
adamianad Camoyalibdeba<br />
cxovrebaSi.<br />
giorgi (iuri)<br />
bibileiSvili
1 ivnisi<br />
SanSe darCiaSvili _ `Ziebani<br />
qarTul-somxuri urTierTobebis<br />
istoriidan~<br />
masSi Tavmoyrilia somxuri<br />
lapidaruli warwerebis cnobebi<br />
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb Xii-Xiii saukunebiis<br />
pirvel mesamedSi. gamomc.<br />
Tb. artanuji 2010.<br />
zogierTi somxuri warwera, miwerili<br />
nagebobebze da daTariRebuli<br />
zustad an miaxloebiT, qronologiurad<br />
ar ekuTvnis im dros<br />
maSinac ki, rodesac isini SinaarsiT<br />
originalebs warmoadgenen.<br />
isini gadawerilia. warwerebs<br />
akeTebdnen eklesiebis gadakeTebisas<br />
an kidev pergamentidan, gansakuTrebiT<br />
roca gavrcelda sxvadasxva<br />
aqtis miwera taZrebsa da<br />
nagebobebze.<br />
es wigni aris erT-erTi pirveli<br />
cda somxur warweraTa Seswavlisa.<br />
wignSi gadmocemulia somxuri lapidaruli<br />
warwerebis monacemebis<br />
komentireba saqarTvelos istoriasTan<br />
mimarTebaSi, ganxilulia<br />
mxolod socialur-ekonomikuri,<br />
diplomatiuri da politikuri xasiaTis<br />
sakiTxebi.<br />
naSromis qveda qronologiur<br />
zRvrad aRebulia Xii saukune,<br />
radgan am periodSi momravlda<br />
somxur warwerebSi cnobebi saqarTvelos<br />
Sesaxeb, xolo zeda qronologiuri<br />
zRvari Xiii saukunis<br />
pirveli mesamedia, radgan am xanidan<br />
dgeba axali periodi amierkavkasiis<br />
politikuri cxovrebisa<br />
da saqarTvelo-somxeTis urTier-<br />
TobaSic axali safexuri iwyeba.<br />
aq ar aris mocemuli 1222<br />
wliT daTariRebuli orbelTa<br />
gandevnili STamomavlis-liparitis<br />
saxeliT Sesrulebuli noravanqis<br />
somxuri warwera, radgan es<br />
sakiTxi Seiswavla n. berZeniSvilma<br />
naSromSi `epizodi feodalur<br />
sagvareuloTa samamulo brZolidan<br />
Xiii saukunis saqarTveloSi~.<br />
Xiii saukunis somexi istorikosebi<br />
_ kirakos ganZakeki da stefanos<br />
orbeliani somxur epigra-<br />
redaqtori”:<br />
ioseb sanikiZe<br />
specialisti:<br />
nestan mamuWaZe<br />
n a C u q a r i w i g n e b i<br />
ful masalebs iyenebdnen TavinTi<br />
monaTxrobis dasamtkiceblad. iv.<br />
javaxiSvilis, s. janaSias, s. kakabaZis,<br />
n. SoSiaSvilis specialur<br />
kvlevis sagans ar warmoadgenda<br />
somxuri warwerebi, magram isini<br />
iyenebdnen somxur lapidarul<br />
warwerebs. somxur istoriografias<br />
didi Rvawli dasdes h. SahxaTunianis,<br />
sargis jalaliantis, nerses<br />
sargisianis kostaniancis mier<br />
Sedgenilma krebulebma, saidanac<br />
sargeblobdnen levond aliSani,<br />
nikita emini, ervand lalaiani.<br />
somxuri epigrafikiT XiX-XX saukuneebSi<br />
dainteresda rusuli<br />
arqeologiuri sazogadoebis aRmosavluri<br />
ganyofileba, somxuri<br />
eTnografiuli sazogadoeba. samecniero<br />
JurnalebSi ibeWdeboda<br />
n. maris, quCuk ioanesovis, g.<br />
ovsefianis da sxvaTa Sromebi. aRsaniSnavia<br />
i.orbelis da n. maris<br />
iniciativiT mowyobili anisis arqeologiuri<br />
eqspediciis dros Segrovili<br />
warwerebi. k.Rafadarianma<br />
gamoaqveyna haRbatis,sanahonisa da<br />
hovhanavaniis monastris warwerebi.<br />
am mxriv aRsaniSnavia s. eremianis,<br />
l.meliqseT-begis, r. qanfolalianis<br />
da a. Saginianis Sromebi.<br />
somxuri warwerebis udidesi<br />
nawili mTavrdeba wyevla-krulviT,<br />
rac saerTod damaxasiaTebelia<br />
Zveli aRmosavluri teqstebisTvis.<br />
uZvelesia tekoris taZris<br />
warwera (V sauk.). warwerebi Sinaarsis<br />
mixedviT sam jgufad iyofa:<br />
1. samSeneblo; 2. naCuqrobis; 3.<br />
oficialuri.<br />
XII saukunis daviT aRmaSeneblis<br />
droindeli haRbatis monastris<br />
Seuvalobis Sinaarsis mqone<br />
warwerebis Tanaxmad, haRbatisa da<br />
sanahinis monastrebis sagadasaxado<br />
Seuvaloba darRveuli yofila da<br />
daviT aRmaSenebels aRudgenia am<br />
monastrebis pirvandeli samflobeloebi<br />
da Seuvalobis sabuTic<br />
miucia misTvis. warwera 1123-1125<br />
wliT TariRdeba. gadasaxadebi<br />
somxuri eklesiebidan saqarTvelos<br />
saxelmwifo xazinaSi Semodioda.<br />
1240 wels monRolTa laSqris<br />
winamZRol aslan noins qarTvel<br />
orbelTa gasomxebuli STamomavali<br />
eligum orbelia morCilebisTvis<br />
daujildovebia miwebiT garnisis<br />
pirdapir. n. berZeniSvils<br />
es SeuZleblad miaCnia, feodalur<br />
saqarTveloSi arsebuli iuridiuli<br />
normebidan gamomdinare ramdenadac<br />
somxeTis teritoria am<br />
droisaTvis saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi<br />
Semodidoda da iq qarTuli<br />
samarTlis normebi moqmedebda.<br />
zaqaria mxargrZelma,rodesac<br />
haRbatis monasters soflebi Seswira,<br />
warweris krulobiTi nawiliT<br />
(wyevla-krulva) misi gayidva,<br />
gaCuqeba, gadacema akrZala (`misi<br />
suli satanis iyos~).<br />
somxuri epigrafika sainteresoa<br />
ara marto saqrTvelos so-<br />
cialur-ekomomikuri da politikuri<br />
istoriis Sesaswavlad,<br />
aramed diplomatikuri terminebis<br />
dasadgenadac.<br />
iv. javaxiSvilis mtkicebiT Xi-<br />
XV saukunis qarTuli samefo sabuTebis<br />
aRmniSvneli zogadi terminia<br />
`sigeli~. es termini qarTul<br />
da somxur diplomatiaSi erTdroulad<br />
Cndeba. somxurSi pirvelad<br />
igi gvxvdeba somxeTis mefis<br />
_ sumbat bagratunis 979 wlis<br />
epigrafikul sabuTebSi.<br />
Xiii saukunis somexi istorikosi<br />
stefanos orbeliani Tavis `sivnieTis<br />
istoriaSi~ mogviTxrobs<br />
daviT aRmaSeneblis spasalaris,<br />
ivane orbelis mier TurqTa batonobisagan<br />
somxuri olqebis<br />
gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb.<br />
qarTul-somxur diplomatiaSi<br />
gamoiyenebida `samamulod dawerili<br />
sigeli~ (samemkvidreo), `wigni~,<br />
`werili~. aaron magistrosi<br />
aRniSnavs, rom man bizantiis dedoflisagan<br />
moitana oqrobeWdiani<br />
Tavisuflebis wigni (sabuTi<br />
anisis mcxovrebTa gadasaxadebisgan<br />
gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, qar-<br />
TulSi Sewyalebas, gadasaxadebisagan<br />
anda sasamarTlosagan `sigeli<br />
Seuvalobisa~ erqva, sabuTebis erT<br />
jgufs `simtkicis wigni” ewodeboda,<br />
aseve `utyuari gadawyvetileba~,<br />
`urRvevi piroba, “pirobis<br />
wigni~, `saxsovris wigni~, `wyalobis<br />
wigni~.<br />
gankargulebis Semcveli sabuTis<br />
aRmniSvneli terminia `brZaneba~,<br />
romlis gacema SeeZlo mxolod<br />
mefes, kaTalikoss da umaRlesi<br />
Tanamdebobis moxeleebs.<br />
SeimCneva bizantiis gavlenac.<br />
.bizantiaSi samefo sabuTebis aRsaniSnavad<br />
termini `xrisobulos<br />
logos~ ixmareboda, rac oqrosbe-<br />
Wdian sabuTs aRniSnavda, somxurs<br />
kalkia `oqrobeWedi~ (voski matani<br />
somxurad).<br />
naSromis bolos warmogidgenilia<br />
anisis da haRbatis monastrebis<br />
somxuri warwerebi, romelSic moxseniebulni<br />
arian daviT aRmaSenebeli<br />
da Tamar mefe: haRbatis (Cr.<br />
somxeTi) 1121 wlis warwera: `TviTmpyrobelmZle<br />
da keTilmsaxuri<br />
mefe daviTis dros, giorgis Zisa,<br />
Zisa bagratisa, romelmac daipyro<br />
mxareni da naTesavni, iyo mzrunveli<br />
haRbatisa da sanahinisa, aRsavse<br />
tkbili da keTili RmrTismsaxurebiT~<br />
haRbati aoxrebis sibnelisagan<br />
gaaTavisufla da Seswira am wminda<br />
eklesias venaxi, sofeli yovelive<br />
miwiTa da sanaxebiTa~.<br />
anisis 1207 wlis warwera:<br />
`RmrTiT kurTxeul da keTilmsaxur,<br />
dedofalT dedoflis Tamaris<br />
dros me, misma erTgulma monam<br />
didi iSxanT iSxanis amirspasalar<br />
sargis mxargrZelis Zem, mandatur-<br />
Tuxuces amirspasalar SahanSah zaqariam<br />
RmrTis surviliT aRvmarTe<br />
sveti~.<br />
saredaqcio kolegia”:<br />
iuri bibileiSvili<br />
biWiko diasamiZe<br />
mamia faRava<br />
nana cecxlaZe<br />
merab megreliSvili<br />
guram maisuraZe `qarTul-somxuri<br />
urTierTobis istoriografiidan~<br />
Tb. 2008 w.<br />
`moqcevai qarTlisais~ krebul-<br />
Si Sesuli”`wm. ninos~ cxovrebiT<br />
qarTulsa da wminda ninos mniSvneloba<br />
aRmosavleTis saqristianos<br />
winaSe gacilebiT didia, vidre<br />
somxeTisa da misi ganmanaTleblis<br />
_ grigol parTelisa (gv. 281)<br />
qristianuli rwmenis siZveliTac,<br />
aRniSnavs guram maisuraZe, qarTli<br />
win uswrebs somxeTs, ramdenadac<br />
qarTlisa gansakuTrebuli roli<br />
qristianobis gavrcelebamde winaswar<br />
iyo gansazRvruli da qar-<br />
Tlis am upiratesobas TviT aRiarebs<br />
dvineli somexi miaforic,<br />
amitom moxda rom qristianuli<br />
rwmenis Casaxvisas somxeTi mTlianad<br />
qarTlze aRmoCnda damokidebuli,<br />
vinaidan somexTa eklesiis<br />
safuZveli im adamianTa Zvlebze<br />
daido, romlebic ninos mier<br />
iyvnen moqceulni (rifsimianelebis<br />
da maTTan erTad moevlinnen somxeTs<br />
k. kekeliZe).<br />
*********************************<br />
profesor marina giorgaZis<br />
mier Targmnili gaius svetonius<br />
trankvilusis istoriuli nawarmoebi<br />
,,keisrebi~ qarTul enaze am<br />
wignis gamocemis pirveli cdaa.<br />
samwuxarod, qarTveli sazogadoebisTvis<br />
dRemde TiTqmis ucnobi<br />
iyo laTineli mwerlis Semoqmedeba.<br />
qalbaton marina giorga-<br />
Zis mier Targmnili 12 keisris<br />
cxovreba warmoadgens svetoniusis<br />
umTavres naSroms. misasalmebelia<br />
is faqti, rom svetoniusis keisrebi<br />
naTargmnia uSualod dednidan.<br />
masSi istoriuli sizustiTa<br />
da TanmimdevrobiT aris gadmocemuli<br />
eqvsi keisris cxovreba<br />
da moRvaweoba. Targmani didi<br />
interesiT ikiTxeba, rasac xels<br />
uwyobs mTargmnelis mdidari<br />
leqsika da gadmocemis ostatoba.<br />
wigns Tan erTvis politikur terminTa<br />
ganmartebebi. profesor marina<br />
giorgaZis Targmnili wigni<br />
,,keisrebi~ did daxmarebas gauwevs<br />
Zveli msoflios istoriiT dainteresebul<br />
mkiTxvels.<br />
gverdi moamzada<br />
merab megreliSvilma<br />
gazeTi daibeWda<br />
ss ``poligrafistSi~<br />
27-59-10, 27-59-11<br />
mis.: q. baTumi,<br />
gorgilaZis 91
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