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118 Fadel Ali Mohamed - Joyce Reynolds kal and, perhaps, Annikeris. Some of these names surely entered the Greek onomastic repertoire as a result of marriages between Greeks and Libyans 9 • Others may have resulted from the practice among high-status Greeks of naming sons after foreigners with whom they had formed guestfriendshipslO. Either way these Libyan names show that despite intermittent tensions there were often amicable relationships between the leaders of Cyrenaican Greek society and those of the Libyans; we may posit similar relationships at all sociallevels, and probably an increasing degree of intermarriage and of cultural interchange during the Hellenistic and especially the Roman periods. At Cyrene itself the presence of Libyan names is dear but not as extensive as e.g. at Ptolemais and Taucheira; but there is other relevant evidence notably in the funerary portraiture ll , as in the minor example illustrated by our new inscription no. 1, for what are generally held to be the Libyan features of many Cyrenaican faces. In the country districts a type of stele with more or less schematic representation of a human head was identified recent1y as probably Libyan l2 ; we add a new example of this type from Kharsa (ancient Chersis) near Derna (new inscription no. 2). Finally we offer the evidence of three new texts (new inscriptions no. 3-5), probably all from the same rock-cut tomb near Messa (ancient name controversial), a rural site in the territory of Cyrene. These list several deceased members of a family in which the Libyan name Aialas figures significant1y often, alongside Greek names which are most of them standard names in the area, but in the use of which there is some sign of imperfect control of Greek grammar. We take this to be yet another pointer to the conclusion that in the Hellenistic and Roman periods the population of Cyrenaica was a genuine ethnic and cultural mixture in which the Libyan element was an important factor. Addendum. Dr. Fadel Ali brought to the colloquium a copy of a very recent1y discovered inscription probably from the tomb of an immigrant family. We publish it here as new inscription no. 6 to show how much 9 Cf. MASSON, cito n. 6, on the implications of the marriage of Archidamus and a Libyan princess, PINDAR, Pyth. IX, 106. IO See G. HERMAN, Patterns of Name Diffusion within the Greek World and beyond, «Classical Quarterly», 40, 1990, pp. 349-363. 11 Cf. E. ROSENBAUM, Cyrenaican Portrait Sculpture, London, 1960, pp. 13-28. 12 J. REYNOLDS, L. BACCHIELLI, Catalogo delle stele funerarie antropomorfe, «QAL», 12, 1987, pp. 489-522. Some New Inscriptions from Cyrenaica 119 more complex in origin was the population of Roman Cyrenaica than used to be assumed. New inscriptions 1. White marble stele incorporating the bust of a young male (width 0.34 x height 0.96 x depth 0.34) inscribed on one face, which is damaged on both sides. Found in the area of Cyrene; now i·n Cyrene Museum. Plate I Letters, probably I cent. AD: 0.025; square sigma (C-); L for È'trov. Fadel Ali and Reynolds, forthcoming in «Libya Antiqua». [? ... ] BUA11ç BaAEv vacat 'toç (È'trov) l' vacat Valens son of Valens Aged lO years The hairstyle of the portrait is consonant with a date in the second half of the first century AD. The name common to father and son is, of course, transliterated Latin (such names are fairly common in roman Cyrene); but the style of the portrait is greek, while the features suggest a libyan element in the family. We seem to see anice combination of three cultures in this boy and his memorial. 2. Limestone stele with rudimentary head above (width 0.25 x height 0.36) inscribed on one face. Found at Kharsa (ancient Chersis); now in Derna Museum. Plate II Letters, very irregular, 0.02-0.04; lunate epsilon except in l. 4, sigma and omega; probably L for È'trov, with superscript bar. È'trov ?year vacat yv' 53 'Iaarov Jason
120 Fadel Ali Mohamed - Joyce Reynolds L. 5, the siglum is not absolutely certain but must have been intended; the cutter did not, perhaps, understand what he was copying. 3. Two adjoining pieces from the upper part of a rectangular stele of locallimestone (width 0.29 x height 0.23 x depth 0.11) inscribed on one face within a sunk panel (width of flat border, 0.03); there is a triangular projection in the centre back near the top. Found in a rock-cut tomb on the east side of the Messa/Haniya road some 12 kms north of Messa, near Sidi Shaherrwha; now in Cyrene Museum. Plate In Letters, perhaps n cent. AD: l. 1, 0.025; l. 2, 0.021; l. 3, 0.03; l. 4,0.015; alpha with upward slanting bar in the manner of cursive, lunate sigma and omega; L for È't&v, with superscript bar; superscript bars probably also above both figures; possibly two hands. Fadel Ali and Reynolds, forthcoming in «Libya Antiqua». 1:&Ot
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UnissResearch Mastino, Attilio a cu
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