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G Ital Med Lav Erg 2007; 29:3 411<br />

www.gimle.fsm.it<br />

In sintesi, pressoché tutti gli autori concor<strong>da</strong>no nel<strong>la</strong> conclusione che<br />

TT positivo e cuticonversione, considerando opport<strong>un</strong>amente i fattori non<br />

occupazionali, appaiono associati all’esposizione a Mycobacterium Tuberculosis<br />

in ospe<strong>da</strong>le e possono rappresentare <strong>un</strong> utile strumento <strong>per</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

sorveglianza degli OS.<br />

BIBLIOGRAFIA<br />

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In<strong>da</strong>gine trasversale presso l’ospe<strong>da</strong>le <strong>di</strong> Cremona. Folia Med 2000;<br />

71(3): 33-40.<br />

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M, Cascio V, Piccioni P, Arossa W. Risk of tuberculin conversion<br />

among health care workers and the adoption of preventive measures.<br />

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FL, Donovan J, Thole J. Low risk for tuberculosis in a regional<br />

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Epidemiol 1998; 19 (3): 168-174.<br />

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<strong>un</strong>’azien<strong>da</strong> ospe<strong>da</strong>liero-<strong>un</strong>iversitaria in <strong>un</strong>’area a bassa incidenza <strong>di</strong><br />

Tubercolosi (TB). G Ital Med Lav Erg 2006; 28 (3): 337-338.<br />

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infection among <strong>la</strong>boratory health care workers in New<br />

York City. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003; 24: 801-806.<br />

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<strong>di</strong> base fra i <strong>la</strong>voratori <strong>di</strong> <strong>un</strong>’azien<strong>da</strong> sanitaria ospe<strong>da</strong>liera<br />

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J Occup Environ Med 1999; 41: 393-396.<br />

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workers in Manitoba, Cana<strong>da</strong>. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 113-118.<br />

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Risk of tuberculin skin test conversion among health care workers:<br />

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<strong>da</strong> Mycobacterium tuberculosis multiresistente (MDR) tra<br />

gli o<strong>per</strong>atori <strong>di</strong> <strong>un</strong>a struttura sanitaria. G Ital Med Lav Erg 2003; 25<br />

(3): 331.<br />

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and risk for tuberculous infection in cana<strong>di</strong>an health care<br />

workers. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133: 779-789.<br />

18) Menzies D, Fanning A, Yuan L, FitzGerald JM, and the Cana<strong>di</strong>an<br />

Col<strong>la</strong>borative Group in nosocomial trasmission of TB. Factors associated<br />

with tuberculin conversion in cana<strong>di</strong>an microbiology and<br />

pathology workers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 599-602.<br />

19) Miller AK, Tep<strong>per</strong> A, Sieber K. Historical risks of tuberculin skin test<br />

conversion among non-physician staff at a <strong>la</strong>rge urban hospital.<br />

Am J Ind Med 2002; 42: 228-235.<br />

20) Panlilio AL, Burwen DR, Curtis AB, Srivastava PU, Bernardo J, Cata<strong>la</strong>no<br />

MT, Mendelson MH, Nicho<strong>la</strong>s P, Pagano W, Sulis C, Onorato<br />

IM, Chamber<strong>la</strong>nd ME, for the Tuberculin Skin Testing Surveil<strong>la</strong>nce<br />

Project. Tuberculin skin testing surveil<strong>la</strong>nce of health care <strong>per</strong>sonnel.<br />

Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35: 219-227.<br />

21) Stuart RL, Bennett NJ, Forbes AB, Grayson ML, on behalf of the<br />

Melbourne Mantoux Study Group. Assessing the risk of tuberculosis<br />

infection among healthcare workers: the Melbourne Mantoux Study.<br />

Med J Aust 2001; 174: 569-573.<br />

22) Tissot F, Zanetti G, Francioli P, Zellweger JP, Zysset F. Influence of<br />

Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination on size of tuberculin skin test<br />

reaction: to what size? Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 211-217.<br />

23) Tonelli F, Messa A, Carrer P, Maroni M. Il <strong>rischi</strong>o <strong>di</strong> infezione tuberco<strong>la</strong>re<br />

nei <strong>di</strong>pendenti dell’Ospe<strong>da</strong>le L. Sacco <strong>di</strong> Mi<strong>la</strong>no a contatto<br />

con pazienti affetti <strong>da</strong> tubercolosi polmonare. Atti del 68°Congresso<br />

nazionale del<strong>la</strong> SIMLII, Parma, 5-8 ottobre 2005: 297-299.<br />

24) Ungheri M, Tarantini AR, Serra D, Gran<strong>di</strong> P. La prevenzione del <strong>rischi</strong>o<br />

tubercolosi negli o<strong>per</strong>atori sanitari. Un’es<strong>per</strong>ienza ospe<strong>da</strong>liera,<br />

Atti del IV Congresso Nazionale <strong>di</strong> Me<strong>di</strong>cina Preventiva <strong>dei</strong> Lavoratori<br />

del<strong>la</strong> Sanità, Bergamo 29-30 novembre 2001: 93-94.<br />

25) Warren DK, Foley KM, Polish LB, Seiler SM, Fraser VJ. Tuberculin<br />

skin testing of physicians at a Midwestern teaching hospital: a 6-year<br />

prospective study. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 1331-1337.<br />

COM-07<br />

ESPOSIZIONE A GAS ANESTETICI: RISULTATI DI 13 ANNI<br />

DI MONITORAGGIO AMBIENTALE E BIOLOGICO<br />

IN UN AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA<br />

S. Ritzu, P. Boccalon, M.A. Sanchez, G. Arcangeli, V. Capelli<br />

SOD Me<strong>di</strong>cina del Lavoro - Dipartimento <strong>di</strong> igiene e sanità pubblica -<br />

Azien<strong>da</strong> Ospe<strong>da</strong>liero Universitaria Careggi -Firenze<br />

RIASSUNTO. Le tecniche anestesiologiche nel tempo hanno finalizzato<br />

le ricerche verso composti più maneggevoli e meno tossici e al<br />

tempo stesso efficaci. Le normative cui si fa riferimento <strong>per</strong> il controllo<br />

dell’inquinamento nelle sale o<strong>per</strong>atorie sono <strong>la</strong> Circo<strong>la</strong>re Ministeriale<br />

del<strong>la</strong> Sanità n° 5/89 e le linee gui<strong>da</strong> dell’ISPESL del 1999. In questo stu<strong>di</strong>o<br />

è stato preso in considerazione il monitoraggio ambientale e biologico<br />

dell’Azien<strong>da</strong> Ospe<strong>da</strong>liera Careggi tra il 1991 e il 2005. Dai <strong>da</strong>ti analizzati<br />

si evidenzia <strong>un</strong>a costante riduzione, negli anni, <strong>dei</strong> livelli <strong>di</strong> inquinamento<br />

<strong>per</strong> tutti gli anestetici usati (protossido d’azoto, isoflurano e sevoflurano).<br />

Le sale <strong>di</strong> oculistica e <strong>di</strong> otorino<strong>la</strong>ringoiatria presentavano livelli<br />

<strong>di</strong> inquinamento maggiori. Gli o<strong>per</strong>atori sanitari maggiormente<br />

esposti risultavano essere anestesisti e strumentisti. I <strong>da</strong>ti <strong>di</strong> <strong>la</strong>boratorio,<br />

clinici e del monitoraggio biologico <strong>di</strong> 74 sanitari o<strong>per</strong>anti nelle sale con<br />

maggiore inquinamento non evidenziavano alc<strong>un</strong>a alterazione corre<strong>la</strong>bile<br />

all’esposizione ai gas. Nelle cartelle cliniche esaminate sono emersi <strong>di</strong>sturbi<br />

neurologici aspecifici quali cefalea e riduzione <strong>dei</strong> livelli <strong>di</strong> vigi<strong>la</strong>nza<br />

non corre<strong>la</strong>bili ai livelli <strong>di</strong> inquinamento. Tuttavia <strong>la</strong> presenza <strong>di</strong> tale<br />

sintomatologia neurologica fa ipotizzare che anche a livelli molto bassi<br />

si possano avere effetti sul<strong>la</strong> salute degli o<strong>per</strong>atori sanitari.<br />

Parole chiave: gas anestetici, esposizione professionale<br />

ANESTHETIC GASES EXPOSURE: FINDINGS FROM A 13 YEAR ENVIRONMENTAL<br />

AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING IN A HOSPITAL COMPANY<br />

ABSTRACT. The evolution of the modern anaesthesiologic technique<br />

aimed to detect more manageable and less toxic aesthetic gas, but<br />

adequately efficacy. This study considered the environmental and biological<br />

evaluation of the Careggi Hospital in Florence between 1991 and<br />

2005. The pollution threshold of each aesthetic gas used (Nitrous oxide,<br />

Isoflurane and Sevoflurane) is reduced as time passed. The higher values<br />

about the pollution threshold have been fo<strong>un</strong>d in the ophthalmology and<br />

in the othorino<strong>la</strong>ryngology o<strong>per</strong>ating room. We observed clinical and<br />

biological <strong>da</strong>ta of 74 health care workers (HCW). The anaesthetists and

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