leqsmcodneoba

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis 

instituti 

leqsmcodneoba 

lado asaTianisadmi miZRvnili leqsmcodneobis 

mesame samecniero sesia 

(masalebi) 

2 

literaturis institutis 

gamomcemloba 

Tbilisi 

2009 

1

edaqtori 

Tamar barbaqaZe 

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa 

TinaTin duglaZe 

redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi, 2009 

merab kostavas q. 5 

© SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti 

tel. 99-53-00; E-mail: litinst@litinstituti.ge 

daibeWda 

ISBN 

2

sasaflaos gazafxuli 

ana kalandaZe 

_ gamixseneben, rogorc nikalas, 

da Tbil samares daabijeben. 

lado asaTiani 

sadme, axlos mzei gaSlis akaciebs 

da yvavilni, maT gulmkerdze dafantulni, 

movlen SenTan, itireben da qarTuli, 

da qarTuli, 

ùflis xeliT daxatuli~ 

sasaflaos qvis kalTaSi dagaZinebs. 

da Tu mudam Sen mRerodi tkbili eniT, 

sasaflao? sasaflao dumils irCevs. 

qari mova, mzec Camova xSirad zeniT 

da `Tbil saflavs~ Tvis oqros fexs daabijebs. 

me ase mwams, erTi norCi naZvis Ziras 

yayaCoSi saukunod CageZina. 

CageZina siyvaruliT anaCqrolebs... 

ara, lado, aRar movwyvet yayaCoebs... 

sikvdili ki ar mosula mgosnis karTan, 

aseTia qariSxlian sulis bolo... 

firosmani? firosmanic mova, raTa 

Sens sevdian, `Tbil samares~ eamboros. 

muq lurj caze mterdisferi nisli curavs 

brwyinven cvarni, cremlebiviT cimcimeben... 

sasaflaos nakadulze Camosulan 

`namkaSuris wisqvilebi~... 

mze, Camova, qvis Zeglebze sxivebs daRvris- 

qvis Zeglebze, JamTa svliT rom daRarulan... 

ca irxeva, viT erekles bairaRi, 

da naZvebi `nafiqraliT dafarulan~. 

sasaflaos gazafxulic warmtacia, 

ros yayaCo Zvel lodebTan tans aiyris... 

sadme, axlos, yvavils gaSlis akacia 

yvavils gaSlis da gulmkerdze gadaiyris. 

3

4 

* * * 

guSindel dResaviT maxsovs lado asaTianis poeziasTan 

Cemi pirveli Sexvedra. leqcia gagvicda da biblioTekaSi 

avedi, universitetis pirveli korpusis mesame sarTulze 

rom iyo. romeliRac Jurnalis gamotanas vapirebdi, rom iqve 

viRacis mier dabrunebul wigns movkari Tvali — lado 

asaTianis leqsebi aRmoCnda. gansakuTrebiT momxvda gulze 

striqonebi: ès ra uSreti cecxliT dambuge, pirs marideben 

qaliSvilebi~... sakmarisi aRmoCnda CemTvis es SemTxveva, rom 

Seqmniliyo ladosadmi miZRvnili Cemi leqsi _ `sasaflaos 

gazafxuli~. leqsi 1946 wlis 12 Tebervals daiwera, bolo, 

damamTavrebel kursze viyavi. Sinaurebis TxovniT ukve 

varCevdi baton dimitri benaSvilTan gasagzavn leqsebs, 

vinaidan im wels dawerili bolo, axali leqsi es iyo, am 

leqsiT gavxseni is saerTo rveuli, romelic ukve erTi Tvis 

Semdeg, martSi pativcemuli kritikosis magidaze iyo. 

marto Cems irgvliv idga naTeli... 

(wakiTxulia lado asaTianis dabadebis 

70 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil saRamoze 

1988 wlis 25 ianvars) 

lado asaTianis striqonebi, marTlac, mxolod `soflis 

samduraviT~ unda yofiliyvnen metwilad gaJRenTilni da 

gajerebulni. poeti ki `saqarTvelos Zlierebis~ mRaRadebeli 

da mSobeli eris didsulovnad sikeTis msurveli iyo. 

aki ambobda kidec, _ `samSoblosadmi locvebi am cisfer 

wignSi Cavwere~-o. 

lado asaTianma sakuTari tkivilebi keTilSobili ieriT 

Seiyvana poeziaSio, _ werda simon Ciqovani. swored es `ke- 

TilSobili ieri~ axlavs `sakuTar tkivilebze~ amozrdil 

asaTianiseul am striqonebsac _ `rogor ar minda, Cems si- 

Wabukes daaCndes Seni Savi Crdilebi! es ra uSreti cecxliT 

dambuge, pirs marideben qaliSvilebi!~. aqac, am striqoneb- 

Sic xom mxolod sicocxlis sagalobeli JRers, oRond ufro 

Zlierad, ufro xmamaRla, ufro TavdaviwyebiT?!

amboben, gasresili yvavili ufro mZafr surnels gamoscemso. 

albaT, amitom Tu momxvda gulze àdre wasuli kacis 

fiqrebi~ misi poeziis pirvelgacnobisTanave... es iyo 1946 

wels. gulze momxvdnen da meyseulad STamagones poetisadmi 

miZRvnili leqsi _ `sasaflaos gazafxuli ~. es leqsi TebervalSi 

daiwera da im wels dawerili erT-erTi bolo leqs- 

Tagani gaxldaT. swored amitom am axali leqsiT gavxseni 

leqsebis is rveuli, romelic erTi Tvis Semdeg, martis bolos, 

ukve didi samsjavrosaken ikvlevda gzas. 

krebuls, romliTac pirvelad veziare lado asaTianis 

poezias, amSvenebda poetis Zalze STamagonebeli portreti, 

romelic lado gudiaSvilis jadosnuri kalmiT iyo Sesrulebuli. 

wigni ixsneboda simon Ciqovanis Sesavali sityviT. 

lado asaTians piradad ar vicnobdi, Tvalic ki arasodes 

ar momikravs misTvis da arc erTi misi fotosuraTi manamde 

ar menaxa. STamagonebeli-meTqi, didi qarTveli mxatvris, 

lado gudiaSvilis, mier Sesrulebul portretze SemTxveviT 

ar miTqvams, _ poetis am didebulma xatebamac, romelsac 

pirvelad vxedavdi, aranakleb imoqmeda Cemze da manac 

didi biZgi misca maSin Cems STagonebas. 

marto Cems irgvliv idga naTelio, winaswarmetyvelurad 

werda lado asaTiani. mis did saxels WeSmaritad adgas is 

maradiuli naTeli, rasac xalxis siyvaruli hqvia. 

1988 

5

6 

lado asaTianis saleqso formebi 

akaki xinTibiZe 

lado asaTianis TxzulebaTa versifikaciuli cnobari — 

sazomebis, gariTmvis sistemebis, strofikisa da, aqedan gamomdinare, 

saleqso formebis mixedviT — aseT suraTs 

iZleva: 114 leqsi da 2 poema dawerilia 27 sazomiT, gariTmvis 

17 xerxiTa da strofikis 7 saxeobiT, rac 59 saleqso formas 

Seadgens. sazomebs Soris yvelaze xSiria cezuriT Suaze 

gayofili aTmarcvledi (5/5), gariTmvis sistemebs Soris _ 

jvaredini riTma (abab), xolo strofikidan — katreni (oTxstriqoniani 

strofi). 

sazomTa umravlesoba izosilaburia — eqvsmarcvledidan 

dawyebuli ocmarcvledis CaTvliT. ar gvxvdeba 13 da 15marcvledebi 

da, cxadia, 17-19-marcvledebi, rasac qarTuli 

metrika, Cveulebrivad, ar icnobs. heterosilabur sazomTa 

raodenoba Svids Seadgens. TiTo nimuSis saxiTaa verlibri 

da narevi leqsi. 

es mSrali statistika bevrs arafers gveubneba, Tumca 

unda iTqvas, rom TxzulebaTa raodenobasTan mimarTebaSi 

saleqso formaTa raodenoba sakmaod soliduria, rac imis 

Sedegia, rom TxzulebaTa didi nawili ori an ramdenime saleqso 

formiTaa dawerili, rom araferi vTqvaT poema 

`kolxidaze~, romelic 8 saleqso formas Seicavs; patara 

leqsSi `mec miyvarda~ gariTmvis oTxi sistema da strofis 

ori saxeobaa, xolo robert souTis `lodoris CanCqeris~ 

Targmani, TiTqosda, CanCqeris mravalxmianobis Sesabamisad, 

versifikaciulad Zalze mravalferovania: oTxi sazomi, gariTmvis 

sami sistema da strofikis, aseve, sami saxeoba (saintereso 

iqneboda misi Sedareba originalis versifikaciasTan!). 

sazomi 5/5 axal da uaxles poeziaSi Zalze gavrcelebulia 

da misi sixSire moulodneli ar aris. nakleb mosalodneli 

iyo 16-marcvliani dabali Sairis formaTa siuxve (13), 

rac im dros xmarebidan gamosul metrad iTvleboda. aseve, 

TvalSi sacemia mrCobledebisa da, saerTod, ortaepiani 

strofebis didi raodenoba. `basianis brZola~ _ TiTqmis 

300-striqoniani poema, mTlianad mrCobledebiT aris dawerili. 

baraTaSvilis Semdeg mrCoblediT ase gatacebuli sxva 

poeti ar gvyolia. gariTmvis xerxi aa bevriT naklebi ar aris 

jvaredin riTmaze.

zogjer mrCobledebSi samtaepedia Casmuli: 

hei, Zmobilo, Sexede, ramdeni yayaCo gaSlila, 

rac ufliscixes gamovcdiT, ufro da ufro gaxSirda; 

mindvrebs, gorakebs, ferdobebs efineba da edeba, 

gzaSi yayaCos Sexvedra sikeTed dagvebedeba; 

sul axalgazrda viqnebiT, guli ar dagviberdeba. 

(`qarTlis gzaze~) 

Semdeg isev mrCobledebia. 

leqsSi `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli~, romelic 

mrCobledebiTaa dawerili, sami samtaepiani strofia. 

lado asaTianis dros evropidan Semosul myar saleqso 

formebs aRar mimarTavdnen, am fonze yuradRebas imsaxurebs 

`rusTavelis samare~, romelic tipuri trioletia rva 

taepiT, romlis I, IV da VII taepebi urTierTidenturia, 

pirveli-ori taepis boloSi ganmeorebiT da ori riTmiT 

(abaaabab). 

cal-calke 5/5-is, abab-s da katrenis sixSiris Sedegia, 

rom es saleqso forma TxzulebaTa naxevars Seadgens. 

saleqso formaTa Semadgeneli triadidan mTavari da 

ZiriTadi metria, sazomi. igi Txzulebis versifikaciuli 

RerZia da pirdapiri mimarTeba aqvs mis SinaarsTan, JanrTan, 

saerTod, Txzulebis xasiaTTan. 

ra da ra sazomebiTaa dawerili poetis Sedevrebi? 

pirobiTad SevarCieT 14 saukeTeso leqsi da 1 poema, 15 

nawarmoebSi rva sxvadasxva sazomia gamoyenebuli, romelTa 

umetesoba naklebad gavrcelebulia. axali, gamorCeuli 

azri da gancda poets axali, misTvis iSviaTi sazomisken 

ubiZgebs. 

mware amonakvnesi `rusTavelis prospeqtze siaruli~ narevi 

metriTaa Sesrulebuli. erTmaneTs enacvlebian heterosilaburi 

sazomebi: 33/33 da 52; 33/4 da 52, 5/6 da 52. leqsi 

1941 welsaa dawerili, roca poeti mZime seniT iyo Sepyrobili 

da mwyobri musika misi ganwyobis ekvivalenti ver 

iqneboda. 

`bardnala~ sofelSi gatarebuli bavSvobis mogonebaa da 

xalxuri 5/3-is formiTaa dawerili, rasac poeti iSviaTad 

mimarTavs. 

7

`basianis brZola~ siuJetiani poemaa, saqarTvelos gmiruli 

istoriis erT epizods Seexeba da misTvis Sesaferia 

grZeli rusTveluri sazomi 53/53. 

gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia `salaRobos~ metri. 

Tu ar CavTvliT pirvel-or da bolo-or strofs, romlebic 

gamocalkevebulia, rogorc leqsis Sinaarsidan, ise formidan 

da, marTlac rom, salaRobo dasawyisi da dasasrulia, 

`salaRobo~ dawerilia lado asaTianisTvis erTaderTi da 

qarTul metrikaSi naklebad cnobili formiT — 4/4/4: `saqar- 

Tvelos Zlierebas gaumarjos~. 

poetis biografis, nika agiaSvilis TqmiT, am leqsisTvis 

aleqsandre sajaias àsaTianuri~ uwodebia. am saTauriTaa 

igi Sesuli poetis TxzulebaTa avtograful krebulSic. 

axali saleqso formisTvis aucilebelia an sazomis, an 

erTdroulad, strofikisa da gariTmvis xerxis siaxle. katreni 

da jvaredini riTma ki, romliTac `salaRoboa~ Sesrulebuli, 

qarTul versifikaciaSi siaxles ar warmoadgens. 

aleqsandre sajaias, cxadia, mxedvelobaSi eqneboda sazomi — 

Tormetmarcvledis sammuxliani forma (4/4/4), romelic im 

dros gavrcelebuli ar iyo. magram am metruli formis 

saTave ufro adrindel TariRebSia, kerZod, aleqsandre 

abaSelis leqsSi `mze amodis~, romelic 1916 welsaa dawerili, 

agreTve, galaktionis leqsebSi. 

davarqmevT Tu ara `salaRobos~ àsaTianurs~, amiT misi 

Rirseba ar mcirdeba. Tavisi originaluri patriotuli gaazrebiTa 

da gancdiT, Tavisi moxdenili metruli wyobiT, da 

mdidruli, musikaluri riTmebiT, `salaRobo~ qarTul 

poeziaSi erT-erTi gamorCeuli leqsia. lado asaTiani, pirvel 

yovlisa, `salaRobos~ avtoris saxeliT unda iqnas 

moxseniebuli. 

8

№№ Txzuleba 

lado asaTianis saleqso formebi 

(versifikaciuli cnobari) 

1979 w. erTtomeulis mixedviT 

gamocemis 

gverdi 

sazomi 

gariTmvis 

sistema 

strofika 

cxrili 1 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

1 Cemi qveynis 

oqroyana 

41 44/ 

44 

aa.aaa 

aaaaa 

2 Cemi samSoblo aabb, 

aaabb 

mrCobledi 

samtaepedi, 

xuTtaepedi 

katreni, 

xuTtaepedi 

3 *** zeviT ca 43 53/ abab katreni 

mxuravs 

53 

4 iliasadmi abab; katreni, 

ababab 6-taepedi 

5 Tebervlis 

dila 

6 leqsebidan: 

`Zveli da axali 

quTaisi~ 

SeniSvna 

Sua 

riTma, 

SidariTma,Sedgenili 

riTma 

SidariTma 

Sedgenili 

riTma 

45 5/5 aa ortaepedi Sedgenili 

riTma; 

5/5, 

SidariTma, 

refreni 

46 5/5 abab; 

ababab 

7 puSkini CemTan 49 5/4/ 

5 

abab; 

ababab 

katreni, 

6-taepedi 

katreni, 

6-taepedi 

8 mosagonari abab katreni, 

Sedgenili 

riTma, 

SidariTma 

Sedgenili 

Sedgenili 

9

9 espanel 

megobrebs 

10 *** mec miyvarda 

gogona 

10 

50 5/5 abab, 

52 5/5 abab, 

xaxa 

xaxaxa 

11 rusTavelis 59 5/4/ abaaab 

samare 

5 ab 

12 Sen 60 5/5 abab 

13 erTi saRamo 

afxazeTSi 

14 Zveli 

dRisaTvis 

63 5/5 abab 

15 eZaxis 64 5/5 abab; 

xaxa 

16 oda venaxs 66 53/ 

53 

katreni Sedgenili 

katreni, Sedgeni- 

6-taepedi li 

8-taepedi trioleti 

katreni 

61 5/5 abab katreni Sedgenili 

aaaaa; 

aa 

aaaaaa; 

aaa 

katreni 

katreni riTmis 

Cavardna 

5-taepedi, 

mrCobledi, 

3-taepedi, 

6-taepedi 

17 sparsel asuls 67 5/5 abab katreni 

18 beberi ZaRli 69 5/4/ 

5 

abab katreni 

19 sizmradnaxuli 70 5/5 abab katreni 

20 svaneTSi wadiT, 

mgosnebo 

71 53/ 

53 

aaaa; 

aaa 

21 albomidan 72 5/5 abab; 

aa 

aaaaaa 

22 Tavadis qals 74 5/4/ 

5 

23 ***me miyvars, 76 5/5 aa; 

roca 

xaxa 

24 me, fSavela da 

agiaSvili 

25 SevCenkos 

samSobloSi 

katreni 

3-taepedi 

katreni 

6-taepedi 

mrCobledi 

abab katreni 

ortaepedi 

katreni 

Sedgenili 

Sedgeni 

li 

Sedgenili 


79 5/4/ 

5 

abba; 

aa 

katreni 

ortaepedi 

26 sizmari 80 5/5 abab; katreni 

Sedgenili

27 lxini 

kaxelebTan 

28 lxini kaxeTSi 

da 

sadRegrZeloeb 

i 

29 1938 wlis 14 

ivlisi 

aa ortaepedi 

82 5/5 abab katreni 

83 53/ 

53 

44/ 

44 

85 ver 

lib 

ri 

aa; 

aaaa; 

aaa 

mrCobledi 

katreni 

3-taepedi 

30 babuaCemi 87 5/5 abab katreni 

31 1938 weli, 3 

Tebervali 


32 dasvenebis dRe 89 5/5 abab katreni, 

5-taepedi, 

6-taepedi 

33 fSavuri balada 90 5/5; 

5/3 

34 maxarebs Tqveni 

Cangis wkriali 

35 me vinatrebdi 

36 nikoloz 

baraTaSvilisad 

mi 

37 warwera 

baraTaSvilis 

wignze 

abab; 

ababb 

xaxaxa 

katreni 


Sedgenili, 

calke 

striqo- 

ni 

erTi 

riTma 

aa 

SidariTma 


96 5/4/ 

5 

abab katreni 

97 4/4 

da 

42 

4 

da 

4/4 

2 

abab; 

xaxa 

katreni 

38 soflisaken 98 5/3 abab katreni 

39 leCxumuri 

Semodgomis 

saRamoebi 


11

40 wisqvili 

41 1939 wlis 

zamTari 

42 rusTavelis 

prospeqti 

43 saqarTvelo iyo 

maTi saocnebo 

12 

saxeli 

44 guramiSvilis 

Civili 

45 im silamazes 

warsuls 

46 warwera 

suraTze 




103 44/ 

43 

aaaa; 

aa aaa 

katreni, 

ortaepedi, 

3-taepedi 


107 5 2 abab katreni 

108 5/5 xaxa katreni 

Sedgenili 

47 albomidan 109 5/5 abab katreni Sedgeni 

li 

48 oTxi usaTauro 111 5/5; abab katreni teqstua 

4/4 

da 

42 

ababx 5-taepedi luri 

49 ar vici, ase ram 113 5/5 abab katreni Sedgeni 

Semayvara 

li 

50 saqarTveloSi 

51 kalmaxebi 

sasoflosameurneo 

gamofenaze 

52 krwanisis 

yayaCoebi 



117 53/ 

53 

53 bardnala 118 5/3 abab; 

aa 

54 cageris 

bazroba 

55 anderZi 

120 5/4/ 

5 

aa; aaa katreni 

3-taepedi 

katreni, 

2-taepedi 

abab katreni 

123 5/5 abab katreni Sedgeni 

li

56 ***gimzer da 

mjera 

57 galaktions 

58 nadirobis 

Semdeg 

59 Tqven 

geubnebiT, 

Zmebo, mgosnebo 

60 cixis sizmari 

61 veriko 

anjafariZe 

62 gaifiqreb da 

gamixardeba 

124 5/5 abab katreni Sedgeni 

li 


127 nar 

evi 

33/ 

33 

abab; 

aa 

129 5/5 xaxa; 

abab 

130 44 

da 

42 

132 5/5 xaxa; 

abab 

63 salaRobo 136 55/ 

55; 

4/4; 

4/4/ 

4; 

katreni narevi 

sazomi, 

stro- 

fika, 

teqstologia 

katreni 

abab katreni Sedgenili 


5/3 

aaaa; 

xaxa; 

abab 



64 yayaCo 138 5/3 xaxa katreni gauriTmavistriqonebi 

65 gzaSi 139 4/4 

3 

66 qarTlis gzaze 140 53/ 

53 

67 a. v. 141 5/5 aa; 

abab 

ababb 

68 vaJa-fSavelas 

naambobi 


aa; aaa mrCobledi 

samtaepedi 

katreni, 

ortaepedi, 

5-taepedi 


13

69 wvimaSi 

70 firosmanis 

megobrebTan 

71 firosmanis 

duqani 

72 simRera 

Tbilisze 

73 kafe rionis 

pirad 

14 


147 5/4/ 

5 

149 5/5 abab; 

xaxa 

151 

4/4; 

44/ 

44 

abab katreni 

xaxa; 

aaaa; 

aaa 

katreni droda 

dro 

narevi 

strofika 

da 

riTma, 

SidariTma,Sedgenili 

katreni 


74 leninis tomi 155 5/5 abab katreni 

75 qarTvel 

cxenosans 

157 53/ 

53 

76 sasaflao 158 44/ 

44 

77 papiCemis 

leqsebidan 

78 ***vidre 

sikvdili 

79 ***abasTumanSi 

patara galia 

80 ***rogor ar 

minda... 

160 5/5 abab; 

aa 

161 5/4/ 

5 

162 33/ 

33 

da 

33 3 

163 5/5 aa; 

abab 

aa mrCobledi riTma 

gadadis 

strofidan 

strofSi 

aabb katreni Sedgenili 

katreni; 

ortaepedi 

Sedgenili 


abab katreni 5/6 da 

333 

ortaepedi; 

katreni 

teqstologia

81 abasTumani 164 5/5 abab; 

aa 

82 warwera wignze 165 5/3 abab; 

xaxa 

83 ucnobi poetis 

rveulidan 

167 5/5 abab; 

aa 

84 sarwyuli 169 53/ 

53 

85 warwera erTi 

samaris qvisa 

86 ***rusTavelis 

prospeqtze 

siaruli 

87 manana 

orbelianis 

suraTze 

88 ivane 

javaxiSvilisad 

mi 

89 namkaSuris 

wisqvilebi 

90 pirveli 

mWedlebi 

91 axali wlis xma 

92 ori saaxalwlo 

93 ***am xeivanSi 

94 jaxievis 

javSnosani 

katreni; 

ortaepedi 

katreni 

katreni, 

ortaepedi 

aa mrCobledi 


171 33/ 

33 

da 

52 

172 53/ 

52 

173 5/4/ 

5 

SidariTma 

SidariTma; 

kiburi 

abab katreni 33/4 da 

52 

5/6 da 52 

aa; aaa 2-taepedi, 

3-taepedi 

abab katreni 


177 53/ 

53 

178 53/ 

53 

179 43/ 

43, 

55/ 

55 

SidariTma, 

SuariTma 

aa mrCobledi Sedgenili 

aa mrCobledi 

aa mrCobledi Sedgenili 



15

95 aspinZa 183 53/ 

53 

96 qarTveli 

oqrosmaZiebleb 

is simRera 

97 gulbaaT 

WavWavaZe 

98 cxra Zma 

xerxeuliZe 

99 qarTuli ena 

16 

186 5/5; 

5/5 

da 

5 

189 5/4/ 

5 

191 53/ 

53 

192 42/ 

42 

100 kolxida (poema) 195 4/4 

da 

43 

5/5 

da 

52 

101 basianis brZola 217 53/ 

53 

102 Cven kvlav 

movediT 

103 pirveli dRe 

skolaSi 

aa; aaa mrCobledi 

samtaepedi 

abab; 

aa 

abab; 

aa 

katreni 

ortaepedi 

katreni 

ortaepedi 

SuariTma 

Sedgenili,SidariTma 

Sedgenili 

omonimurigauriTmavistriqoni 

aa mrCobledi SidariTma 

aa mrCobledi SidariTma 

abab; 

xaxaxa 

; aa; 

xaxa; 

aaa 

aa; 

aaaa 

katreni, 

6-taepedi, 

2-taepedi, 

3-taepedi 

mrCobledi 

katreni 

Sedgenili 

riTma, 

kiburi, 

SidariTma 

SidariTma,Sedgenili, 

teqstSi 

Secdomaa 


228 5/3 xaxa; 

abab 

xaxaxa 

xa 

104 Semodgoma 230 4/3 xaxa; 

aaaa 

xaaaaa 

xa 

katreni 

8-taepedi 

katreni 

8-taepedi

105 simRera 231 5/5 abab 

ababxb 

106 mzias banakSi 

miuxaria 

107 saubari wiTel 

yelsaxvevze 

108 erTis 

Tavgadasavali 

katreni 

6-taepedi 


234 44 

da 

42 

xaxaxa 

; xaxa 

katreni 

6-taepedi 

237 4/4 xaxa katreni 

109 gazafxulda 240 4/4 xaxa; 

abab 

110 norCi 

fizkulturele 

bis simRera 

242 44 

da 

43 

xaxa katreni 

111 dalis mamali 243 4/4 xaxa katreni 

112 ***yvela 

suldgmuli 

(Targmani) 

113 simRera-elva 

(Targmani) 

114 Cemi simRera 

(Targmani) 

115 lodoris 

CanCqeri 

(Targmani) 

116 simRera 

mebrZol 

cvlaze 

(Targmani) 


249 5/2; 

5/3 

251 5/4/ 

5 

252 5/5; 

33, 

333; 

33/ 

33 

254 42/ 

42 

xaxa; 

abab 

SidariTma 

katreni SidariTma 

katreni 5/5, 333 


aa; 

abab 

aaa 

katreni 

2-taepedi, 

3-taepedi 

aa;aaa 2-taepedi, 

3-taepedi 

4/4 

SidariTma,Sedgenili, 

42/42 da 

42 

17

18 

saZieblebi 

sazomebi 

cxrili 2 

№№ sazomi Txzuleba sixSire 

TxzulebaTa 

mixedviT 

1. 3 3 

115 

1 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

4 3 

5 2 

5 3 

4 4 

5/5 

3 3 3 

5/4/5 

44/44 

53/53 

4/43 

4/4/4 

44/43 

33/33 

42/42 

53/52 

10, 104 

45,113 

33, 38, 53, 63, 64, 82, 103 

63, 100, 108, 109, 111 

3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12-15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 

24, 26, 27, 30, 35, 39-42, 44, 46, 

47, 48-51, 55-57, 59, 61, 62, 67- 

69, 71, 73, 74, 77, 80, 81, 85, 89, 

93, 94, 100, 102, 105, 106, 112, 

115 

104, 115 

5, 8, 11, 18, 22, 25, 36, 54, 78, 88, 

97, 114 

1, 28, 72, 76 

2, 16, 20, 28, 52, 66, 75, 84, 90, 

91, 95, 98, 101 

65 

63 

43 

58, 115 

99, 116 

87 

2 

2 

7 

5 

53 

2 

12 

4 

13 

1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

43/43 

55/55 

4/4 da 42 

4 da 4/42 

4/4 da 43 

5/5 da 5 

5/5 da 52 

33/33 da 333 

33/33 da 52 

narevi 

verlibri 

92 

63, 92 

37, 48, 60, 100, 107 

37 

100, 110 

96 

100 

79 

86 

58 

29 

1 

2 

5 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

19

№№ gariTmvis 

sistema 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

20 

aa 

aaa 

axa 

aaaa 

aabb 

abab 

xaxa 

abba 

aaxa 

aaaaa 

aaaaaa 

ababb 

xaxaxa 

xaxaxaxa 

xaaaaaxa 

ababxb 

ababx 

gariTmvis sistema 

cxrili 3 

Txzuleba sixSire 

TxzulebaTa 

mixedviT 

1, 5, 16, 21, 25, 26, 28, 43, 52, 53, 58, 

66, 67, 75, 77, 80, 81, 84, 87, 90, 92, 

95, 96, 97-101, 107, 115, 116 32 

1, 2, 16, 20, 28, 43, 52, 66, 72, 87, 95, 

100, 116 

45,113 

103 

20, 28, 43, 72, 101, 194 

2 

3, 4, 6-10, 12-15, 17-19, 21, 22, 24, 

26, 30-42, 44, 45, 47-51, 53-65, 67- 

71, 73, 74, 77-83, 85, 86, 88, 91, 93, 

94, 96, 97, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 

109, 112-115 

10, 15, 23, 37, 46, 59, 61, 63, 64, 71, 

82, 100, 103, 108-111, 113 

25 

10 

1, 16 

16, 21 

33, 61 

33, 100 

103 

104 

105 

48 

13 

1 

6 

5 

71 

18

strofika 

cxrili 4 

№№ strofika Txzuleba sixSire 

TxzulebaTa 

mixedviT 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

ortaepedi 

mrCobledi 

samtaepedi 

katreni 

xuTtaepedi 

eqvstaepedi 

rvataepedi 

21, 23, 25, 26, 43, 53, 67, 77, 

80, 81, 83, 87, 96, 97, 100, 

115, 116 

1, 6, 28, 60, 75, 90-92, 98, 99, 

101 

1, 16, 20, 28, 43, 52, 87, 95, 

100, 115, 116 

1-10, 12-15, 17-65, 67-74, 76- 

83, 85, 86, 88, 89, 93, 94, 96, 

97, 100-115 

2, 16, 33, 48, 67 

4-7, 10, 16, 21, 33, 100, 105 

11, 103, 104 

17 

12 

11 

78 

5 

9 

3 

21

№ 

№ 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

22 

sazomi gariTmvis 

sistema 

3 3 

aa 

4 3 

4 3 

4 3 

4 3 

4 3 

4 3 

5 2 

5 2 

5/3 

5/3 

5/3 

5/3 

5/3 

4/4 

4/4 

4/4 

4/4 

3 3 3 

5/5 

abab 

xaxa 

aaxa 

xaxaxa 

aaaa 

xaaaaaxa 

abab 

xaxa 

xaxaxa 

abab 

aa 

xaxa 

xaxaxaxa 

xaxa 

xaxaxa 

abab 

aaa 

aa 

abab 

gariTmvis sistema 

cxrili 5 

strofika Txzuleba sixSire 

ortaepedi 

katreni 

katreni 

katreni 

6-taepedi 

katreni 

8-taepedi 

katreni 

katreni 

6-taepedi 

katreni 

2-taepedi 

katreni 

8-taepedi 

katreni 

6-taepedi 

katreni 

3-taepedi 

2-taepedi 

katreni 

115 

10 

10, 104 

10 

10 

104 

104 

45,113 

113 

33 

38, 53, 103 

53 

63, 64, 103 

103 

63, 100, 108, 

109, 111 

100 

100, 109 

100 

115 

3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12- 

15, 17, 19, 21, 

24, 26, 27, 30-35, 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

3 

1 

3 

1 

5 

1 

2 

1 

1

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 

5/5 

4/43 

4/4/4 

33/33 

33/33 

42/42 

5/4/5 

5/4/5 

5/4/5 

43/43 

53/53 

53/52 

53/53 

53/53 

53/53 

53/53 

53/53 

53/53 

xaxa 

abab 

abab 

aa 

abab 

aa 

aa 

abab 

abcacbab 

aa 

aa 

aaa 

aabb 

aaaa 

aa 

aaabb 

aaa 

aaaaa 

katreni 

katreni 

katreni 

2-taepedi 

katreni 

mrCobledi 

2-taepedi 

katreni 

8-taepedi 

mrCobledi 

2-taepedi 

3-taepedi 

katreni 

katreni 

mrCobledi 

5-taepedi 

3-taepedi 

5-taepedi 

39-42, 44, 47-51, 

55-57, 59, 61, 62, 

67-69, 71, 73, 74, 

77, 80, 81, 83, 

85, 89, 93, 94, 

100, 102, 105, 

106, 112, 115 

15, 23, 46, 59, 

62, 71, 100 

65 

63 

58, 115 

58 

99, 116 

5, 25, 97 

8, 18, 22, 25. 36, 

54, 78, 88, 97, 

114 

11-trioleti 

92 

87 

87 

2 

20, 28, 52, 101 

16, 28, 66, 75, 

84, 90, 91, 95, 

98, 101 

2 

16, 20, 28, 52, 

66, 95 

16 

53 

7 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

3 

10 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

10 

1 

6 

23

39. 

40. 

41. 

42. 

43. 

44. 

45. 

46. 

47. 

48. 

49. 

50. 

51. 

52. 

53. 

54. 

55. 

56. 

57. 

58. 

59. 

60. 

24 

53/53 

55/55 

55/55 

4 da 42 

4/4 da 42 

4/4 da 42 

4 da 4/42 

44/44 

44/44 

44/44 

44/44 

44/44 

44/44 

44/44 

44 da 43 

44 da 43 

5/5 da 5 

5/5 da 52 

33/33 da 

333 

33/33 da 52 

narevi 

verlibri 

aaaaaa 

aaaa 

aa 

abab 

xaxa 

xaxaca 

xaxa 

aa 

aaa 

aaaa 

aaaaa 

aa 

xaxa 

aabb 

xaxa 

xaxaxa 

aa 

abab 

abab 

abab 

6-taepedi 

katreni 

mrCobledi 

katreni 

katreni 

6-taepedi 

katreni 

mrCobledi 

3-taepedi 

katreni 

5-taepedi 

2-taepedi 

katreni 

katreni 

katreni 

6-taepedi 

2-taepedi 

katreni 

katreni 

katreni 

16 

63 

92 

37, 48, 60, 100 

37, 107 

107 

37 

1 

1, 2, 72 

28, 72 

1 

28 

72 

76 

100, 110 

100 

96 

100 

79 

86 

58 

29 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1

lado asaTianis riTma 


lado asaTiani riTmis poetia da es tituli man riTmis 

saukuneSi moipova, poeturi moRvaweobis sul eqvsi wlis 

manZilze. 

poetis erT leqsSi vkiTxulobT: `riTma lamazi oqros 

fasia, mkiTxveli riTmis jaxirs ver iTmens~. marTlac, lado 

asaTiani yovelTvis zrunavs lamazi riTmisTvis. igi xom 

Cinebuli `funagoristi~ iyo. funagoria ki riTmaze agebuli 

epigramaa. 

nika agiaSvilis wignSi `Wabukebi darCnen marad~ vkiTxulobT: 

megobrebma lados urCies, rom veriko anjafariZisadmi 

miZRvnil leqsSi riTma: dagvifaravda-marabda Seecvala 

(`Torem mtrebs isic ki SeaSinebs, erTxel xmamaRla rom 

vTqvaT marabda~): `marabda da krwanisi Cveni sastikad damarcxebis 

adgilebia, mtrebs maTi gagoneba, piriqiT, gaamxnevebso~. 

lado daJinebiT gaiZaxoda: àr SemisworoT, Torem 

movklav viRacas. es Zalian kargia, ase iyos, ase minda~. 

àspinZisa~ da `basianis brZolis~ avtors rogor ar 

ecodineboda marabdis omis istoria?! magram, jer erTi, 

marabdaSi cxra Zma xerxeuliZe ibrZoda, meorec, da mTavari 

esaa, rom marabda J R e r a d i sityvaa, riTmisaTvis xelsayreli. 

gana ivargebda: erTxel xmamaRla rom vTqvaT aspinZa? 

amave dros, riTmaSi dagvifaravda-marabda saxeli da 

zmna iriTmeba, rac mis Rirsebas zrdis. 

rogorc am magaliTidan Cans, kargi, esTetikuri riTmisaTvis 

poeti zogjer garkveul daTmobaze midis. leqsSi 

àlbomidan~ aseTi strofia: 

ra damaviwyebs Sens lamaz Tvalebs, 

ram damaviwyos es alublebi. 

icode, roca sxvas Seviyvareb, 

am siyvarulze vesaubrebi. 

Tavis droze lados SeniSnes: Seyvarebuls ar etyvian: 

roca sxvas Seviyvarebo. poets ar Seucvlia, verc CanawerebSi 

wavawydi raimes, vfiqrob, aqac riTmis xibli amoZravebda: es 

alublebi-vesaubrebi. 

lado asaTianis riTma Semkulia TiTqmis yvela RirsebiT, 

rac, saerTod, qarTul riTmas axasiaTebs. riTmebis turnir- 

25

Si, romelic CvenTan gasuli saukunis 10-20-ian wlebSi imar- 

Teboda, lados ara erTi riTma daikavebda sapatio saxels. 

gariTmvis 17 kombinacia cota ar aris 114 leqsisa da ori 

poemisaTvis. poets gariTmvis Tavisi amorCeuli xerxebica 

aqvs. Tu jvaredini riTma (abab) farTod iyo gavrcelebuli 

da avtoric angariSmiucemlad mimarTavda (71 leqsi da poema), 

SedarebiT iSviaTi orjeradi riTma (aabb) raodenobrivad 

TiTqmis utoldeba abab-s. mTeli rigi leqsebisa da poema 

`basianis brZola~ Tavidan bolomde am wesiTaa gariTmuli. 

lados Zalze uyvars es wyviladi riTma, romelic zogjer 

mrCobledis strofebs qmnis, zogjer ki — gancalkevebul 

ortaepeds. sakmarisia iTqvas, rom poetis pirveli ori, 

sakmaod mozrdili leqsi (`Cemi qveynis oqroyana~ da `Cemi 

samSoblo~) gariTmvis am wess mihyveba mTlianad. 

poeti amiT iwyebs (1936 w.) da amiTve amTavrebs (1943 w.): 

26 

saqarTvelos mTebSi gagaCina zenam, 

siyvarulis, leqsis, sadRegrZelos enav. 

(`qarTuli ena~) 

zogjer orjerad riTmaSi samjeradia CarTuli (aaa), rac 

kidev ufro iSviaTia qarTul riTmologiaSi da es CarTva 

Sinaarsobrivadaa motivirebuli: 

Cemi samSoblo qveyana ra lamazia, ra kargi, 

ca-firuz, xmeleT-zurmuxti, nairferebad naqargi. 

(`Cemi samSoblo~) 

amis Semdeg avtori, wesiT, axal riTmaze unda gadasuliyo, 

magram `ca-firuz, xmeleT-zurmuxtma~ akaki moagona da 

mesame striqoni da riTmis mesame wevric CarTo: 

tkbilia rogorc rusTveli, tkbilia rogorc akaki. 

ortaepedidan samtaepedze gadasvla ara mxolod Sinaarsobrivad, 

ritmuladac mouxda leqss. 

msgavsi viTarebaa zemoT xsenebul leqsSi `Cemi qveynis 

oqroyana~. poeti ubrundeba riTmas: ielebo-jielebo. ganmeorebisas 

striqonTa Sinaarsic Secvala da mesame striqonic 

miumata axali sariTmo sityviT: 

vardebo da yvavilebo, bardebo da ielebo, 

axovano vaJkacebo, uSiSaro jielebo, 

kolxelebo, qarTlelebo, kaxelebo, mTielebo.

zogjer erTriTmiani ortaepedebi periodulad aris Car- 

Tuli orriTmiani katrenis strofebSi. aa-s da abab-s monacvleobis 

kargi nimuSia `bardnala~. igi 19 strofisagan Sedgeba, 

romelTagan 12 katrenia da 7 ortaepedi. pirvel sam katrens 

erTi ortapedi mosdevs. Semdeg zedized eqvsjer katrenebisa 

da ortapedebis kanonzomieri monacvleoba gvaqvs: 

erTi erTze. bolo ori strofi isev katrenia. 

sxva RirsebebTan erTad, `bardnalas~ es strofuli da 

riTmuli simetriac amSvenebs. 

isic xdeba, rom ortaepedidan katrenze gadasuli strofi 

xan intervalriTmiania (xaxa), xan ki jvaredinad iriTmeba 

(abab). asea, kerZod, usaTauro leqsSi `***me miyvars, roca 

yanaSi gaxval~. igi orjeradi riTmiT iwyeba: 

me miyvars, roca yanaSi gaxval 

da mogagebebs simindi laxvars. 

gadadis katrenis intervalriTmian strofze: 

kargia, roca yanaSi gaxval 

da dilis cvariT gailumpebi. 

Tu es erTxelac ar gangicdia, 

sityvis uTqmelad daiRupebi. 

amas isev katreni mosdevs, oRond jvaredinriTmiani. Semdeg 

kvlav intervalriTmiani katrenebia da leqsi Tavdeba 

ortaepediT, riTac daiwyo. 

es monacvleoba leqsis ritms acocxlebs. 

lado asaTianis leqsebSi sagrZnobia SidariTmebis simravle, 

magram ara Caxruxaulisa da besikuris tipisa (mudmivi, 

savaldebulo), aramed nebismieri SidariTmebisa, rac 

rusTvelma daakanona. igi moulodnelad, ucabedad, zogjer 

TiTo nimuSis saxiT CaerTveba boloriTmian leqsSi, 

gaielvebs da gaqreba. 

SidariTmis saxeebidan gvxvdeba cezuruli, winacezuruli, 

kiburi da SuariTmebi. 

grZelsazomiani striqonebi poets damatebiTi riTmisken 

ubiZgebs da mosazRvre cezurebTan riTma Cndeba: 

yuri daugdeT, aspinZis adgilis deda CurCulobs, 

Tu rogor gavumaspinZldiT, rogor gaerekeT urjulo. 

(àspinZis~) 

27

alada am ortaepediT iwyeba da igi ucvlelad meordeba 

pirveli ori nawilis boloSi. baladis dasasruli gansxvavebulia, 

oRond SuariTma rCeba: 

28 

yuri daugdeT, grZneuli adgilis deda CurCulobs, 

wyalma waiRo wyeuli, Semoseuli urjulo. 

keTilxmovanebis TvalsazrisiT lado asaTianis àspin- 

Zas~ saerTo aqvs besikis poemasTan àspinZis omzed~. orive 

dasawyisSive iqcevs yuradRebas. besikis Cinebul aliteracias: 

àspinZis miwa giwamebs~ ladom aseve sityva aspinZaze 

agebuli Cinebuli SidariTma daupirispira: aspinZis _ 

gavumaspinZldiT. 

SuariTmiT iwyeba `manana orbelianis suraTze~: 

Sen, Saosano, SavTvalav, Sav samareSi gZinavs, 

jer kargad arc ki gamTbara Cemi patara cira. 

da SuariTma kidev orjer gamoaSuqebs, erTxel _ 

samjeradic: 

minda, rom Senebr elavdes da iyos SenisTana, 

samSoblosaTvis lelavdes, sanam hxedavdes — manam, 

minda, rom Senebr keravdes is saqarTvelos alams. 

xSiria cezuruli riTmebi. striqonis Suaweli bolosTan 

iriTmeba: 

mdidrul kedlebze elavda indoeTi da elada. 

(`basianis brZola~) 

igi moklesazomian leqsebSic gvxvdeba: 

ixureba jixurebad. 

(`cixis sizmari~) 

SidariTmas garkveuli kompoziciuri funqciac aqvs. 

zogjer leqsSi striqoni sagangebod gauriTmavadaa datovebuli 

da mis kompensacias SidariTma axdens (`basianis 

brZola~). 

analogiuria `Cemi qveynis oqroyanas~ boloriTmidan gamovardnili 

SidariTmiani striqoni: `fiWvis tyeo, fiWvis 

tyeo, nislebi rom itvirTeo~.

omis aRweris dros `basianis brolaSi~ drodadro CaerTvis 

winacezuruli riTma. gagrZelda-gaZnelda (òmi gagr- 

Zelda gaZnelda~) da Txroba ufro dinamikuri da mimzidveli 

xdeba. 

imave `basianis brZolaSi~ striqons akeTilxmovanebs 

uneblie SidariTma: mxargrZelsa-qar-cecxliT: 

sisxli moawva mxargrZelsa, guli qar-cecxliT aevso. 

rogorc vxedavT, lado asaTianis SidariTmebi did rols 

asrulebs leqsis musikalur-kompoziciur srulyofaSi. 

mTavari mainc riTmis vokalia. am mxriv ki poetis riTmebi 

erTob daxvewilia. verc erT yru riTmas ver vipoviT. lado 

asaTianis dros CvenSi karga xniT damkvidrebuli iyo araidenturi 

riTmebi: asonansebi, konsonansebi, disonansebi. 

poetis riTmebi ZiriTadad araidenturia. identuri da araidenturi 

riTmebis urTierTSefardebisas upiratesoba aSkarad 

meoris mxarezea. amas daadasturebs nebismieri leqsis 

riTmebze dakvirveba, amitomac moswons rafiel erisTavis 

SeiTamaSe-mamaSens da xirimi-Wirime. 

asonansi Cveulebrivi movlenaa lado asaTianisTvis, xSiria 

disonansebic. magram gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa lado 

asaTiani, rogorc konsonansuri riTmis xelovani. mis TxzulebebSi 

30 konsonansi davTvale: niSnianebi-miSrialeben 

(ìliasadmi~), nabdianebi-abrialeben (`cageris bazroba~), ga- 

Sala-laSaris (`gaifiqreb da gagixardeba~), dagveberos-dagvaberos 

(`salaRobo~) da sxv. 

zogjer katrenis orive riTma konsonansuria: 

xvdebian stumrebs Tvalebmziani 

da oqrovani mandarinebi, 

eubnebian adamianebs: 

Cemi nayofi, modiT, inebeT! 

(`kolxida~) 

konsonansuri riTma Zalze uxdeba lados leqss. igi, 

rogorc mkveTri gadaxveva riTmis sworxazovani dinebidan, 

kargad Seesatyviseba poetis metrikas da strofikas. mxedvelobaSi 

maqvs sazomebisa da strofuli formebis monacvleoba. 

arc aliteracia-asonansis daviwyeba SeiZleba. roca 

`bardnalas~ pirvel strofs kiTxulob, ver amCnev, sad Tavdeba 

aliteracia da sad iwyeba riTma: 

29

30 

ra kargi iyo bardnala, 

bardnalelebis borani, 

vardebiani bardnari, 

bulbulTa naamborali. 

TavisTavadi sityva bardnalaa, romlis harmoniul JReradobas 

semantikuri datvirTvac aqvs. masSi vardi da bulbulia 

Serwymuli: vardis surneleba da bulbulis galoba. 

azri da musika erT Taiguladaa Sekruli. 

`bardnalas~ sxva sikeTeze adrec visaubre. igi erT-erTi 

gamorCeuli leqsia lado asaTianis Semoqmedebasa da, SeiZleba 

iTqvas, qarTul poeziaSi. aseTi siyvaruliTa da ostatobiT 

qarTvel poetebs Soris Tavis sofelze, albaT, aravis 

dauweria. 

aliteraciisa da riTmis erTianobas qmnis sityvis sxvadasxvagvari 

mimoxrac: `rom xornabujSi xornabujs eZebdes 

xornabujeli~ (`basianis brZola~). xornabujeli riTmis calia. 

burjebi-xornabujeli. analogiuria òmSi xalibur 

xmals vaxelebdiT~ (`qarTveli oqrosmaZieblebis simRera~): 

xmals vaxelebdiT-da simRereTi. anda: `hei, Tqven, aragvelebo, 

gaumaZRarno omiTa, Tqvens saflavebTan mosvla da muxlis 

modreka mominda~ (`krwanisis yayaCoebi~): omiTa-mominda. 

magram erTia strofidan gamocalkevebuli riTma da meore 

_ riTma strofis musikalur mTlianobaSi. 

`lodoris CanCqeris~ riTmebi onomatopeis principzea 

gamarTuli, CanCqeris xmaurs gadmoscems: CxrialiT-grialiT, 

CqafuniT-dgafuniT da sxv. 

gansxvavebuli viTarebaa `pirvel mWedlebSi~, sadac riTma 

erTnairadaa CarTuli leqsis musikalur da Sinaarsobriv 

konteqstSi. 

pirveli riTma cxenebi-xalibelebi erTgvarovania, sanaxevrod 

gramatikuli —eb-iT warmoebuli da karg riTmad ver 

CaiTvleba; magram e xmovnis ganmeoreba (or-ori e sariTmo 

sityvebSi) sagangebo datvirTvas iZens: zedized xuT riTmaSi 

e bgera monawileobs: cxenebi-xalibelebi, Zlieri-iberielni, 

mWedeli-gauxedneli, daJangebuli-ajanyebuli, abreSumebi- 

Subebi. 

riTmis gavleniT leqsis es monakvTi mTlianad e xmovniT 

aris asonansirebuli. iberielTas mosdevs sofeli da Semdeg 

kidev 21 e, romelic Tavisi sixSiriT, qarTul xmovnebSi yvelaze 

ufro gavrcelebul a-s TiTqmis utoldeba.

magram mTavari mainc sxva aris. e grZeli xmovania. qar- 

Tul asoTa moxazulobaSi sulxan-saba mas mSvilds adarebs: 

ènsa mSvildad ai bmida~ (`ra ostati asoT sxmida~). da am 

grZel e-s leqsSi azrobrivi datvirTva aqvs. iberielTa sofelSi 

maRal-maRali cxenebia, saxlebSi grZeli, TaRebamdis 

gaWrili fanjrebia, kedlebze TxuTmet-wyrTiani Subebia. 

xalibebi xalibur folads awrToben, es iaraRebi grZelia: 

Subi da xmali. igulisxmeba, Zveli iberielebi maRal-maRali, 

brge vaJkacebi iyvnen. 

da yvelaferi es saTaves leqsis pirveli riTmidan iRebs, 

rac imdenad gasaidumloebulia, rom, albaT, avtorisTvisac 

qvecnobieri iyo da sagangebo gaSifvris gareSe mkiTxvelisTvis 

auxsneli rCeba. amas mxolod leqsis siRrmeSi Caxeduli 

mkiTxveli grZnobs intuiturad. 

lado asaTianis riTmis musikalurobas mravalmarcvlianobac 

uwyobs xels. riTmaTa umetesoba, metruli sqemis Sesabamisad, 

an oTxmarcvliania, an — xuTmarcvliani. 

`Cemi qveynis oqroyanas~ oTxmarcvliani riTmebi aqvs: moweulo-broweulo, 

daserilo-dawerilo. leqsis 20 riTmidan 

19 oTxmarcvliania, xolo erTaderTi boloriTmis ormarcvlianoba 

striqonTa SigniT oTxmarcvliani cezuruli da 

SuariTmiT aris kompensirebuli: 

zvaro, zvaro jiSiano, ojaleSis jiSis zvaro, 

zvaro, mtevnebgiSriano, glexi kacis sanukvaro. 

analogiuria `sasaflao~, `qarTuli ena~ (gaumarTavTsasTumalTan) 

da sxv. 

`salaRoboSi~, romlis striqonebi sam-oTxmarcvlian 

muxladaa dayofili (4/4/4), TiTqmis yvela riTma oTxmarcvliania: 

Sadiani-dardiani, maCabeli-asafreni, SaiTanTan-dai- 

SanTa da sxv. 

ufro rTulia xuTmarcvliani riTmebiT leqsis gamarTva. 

xuTi marcvlis grZel manZilze Zneldeba erTnairi xmovanebis 

moZebna, magram lado asaTianis leqsebSi xuTmarcvliani 

riTma sWarbobs kidec oTxmarcvlians. 

xuTmarcvliani riTmebiTaa gawyobili `basianis brZolis~ 

mTeli rigi pasaJebi: 

win gadaSlodaT sakuTar marjveniT napartaxevi, 

mzeze elavdnen lomkacTa foladis Cabalaxebi. 

uceb, sad iyo, sad ara, gaSeSdnen gakvirvebiTa _ 

arwivTa gundi afrinda araqsis napirebidan. 

31

aranakleb sainteresoa aTmarcvlianstriqoniani strofi, 

romlis striqonTa naxevrebi mTlianad riTmiTa aris 

amovsebuli: 

32 

Tqveni qajebi da alqajebi, 

ia-iebis TvalTa brialiT, 

mTvarianSi rom daalajeben 

broweulisfer Tavsafrianni. 

(`namkaSuris wisqvilebi~) 

qarTuli riTmis istorias usaTauod SerCeba lado 

asaTianis xuTmarcliani riTmebi: niSnianebi-miSrialeben 

(ìliasadmi~), es alublebi-vesaubrebi (àlbomidan~), ZaZa bunebas-daZabuneba 

(`veriko anjafariZe~), akelaptreba-da menatreba 

(àbasTumani~), abatonebdi-kabadonebi (ìvane javaxiSvilisadmi~), 

ganZi beberi-maZiebelni (`qarTveli oqrosma- 

Zieblebis simRera~), amorZalebi-da mokrZalebiT (`kolxida~), 

Zveli msmelebi-ver isvenebdnen (`gulbaT WavWavaZe~) da 

sxv. 

sainteresoa, rom lado asaTians iSviaTad aqvs Warbi 

riTmebi, romlebic riTmis iseT xelovanTa SemoqmedebaSic 

ki gvxvdeba, rogoric rusTveli da galaktionia. mravalmarcvliani 

riTmisken mimaval gzaze poeti mxolod xandaxan 

Tu Cerdeba metruli sqemisTvis Seusabamo adgilas. `Cemi 

qveynis oqroyanas~ (4/4/4/4) ormarcvliani an oTxmarcvliani 

riTmebi unda hqonoda, sammarcvliani Warbi iqneboda. qvemoT 

warmodgenil riTmaTa mwkrivSi mxolod erTi sammarcvliani 

sityvaa _ frialo da isic erTmarcvlianTanaa Serwymuli: 

afriano-afrialo-bageTafliano-mTav frialo-Tavsafriano. 

lado arasgziT ar daTanxmdeboda, rom aq mTav 

frialos nacvlad kldev frialo yofiliyo da oTxmarcvliani 

riTma sammarcvlianze Camosuliyo: afrialo-frialo. 

mravalmarcvlianobis dros mosalodnelia riTmis xelovnuroba, 

naZaladeoba, enis kanonebis darRveva. iSviaTi 

gamonaklisis garda, lado asaTianis riTmebi dazRveulia 

amgvari xarvezisagan. ilustraciisaTvis vnaxoT xuTmarcvlian 

riTmebze awyobili es usaTauro leqsi: 

vidre sikvdili gamaxvevdes bnels mosasxamSi, 

vidre sikvdilis Wvali gulze damesobodes, 

ukanasknelad damawvineT Cems oda saxlSi, 

ukanasknelad, vidre Tvalni damevseboden.

ukanasknelad papiCemis gaCorknil taxtze 

damigeT magrad, damaxureT Savi nabadi, 

ukanasknelad, udrtvinvelad mamyofeT ase, 

vidre sikvdili SfoTian suls gaminabavdes. 

rogorc vxedavT, Zalze bunebrivia sikvdilis momlodine 

kacis gancdebi; amave dros, ar igrZnoba araviTari 

Zaldataneba sityvaze. 

davakvirdeT urTierTgariTmul striqonebs: 

vidre sikvdili gamaxvevdes bnels mosasxamSi. 

da: ukanasknelad damawvineT Cems oda saxlSi. 

aseTi rTuli riTmis miuxedavad (bnels mosasxamSi — Cems 

oda saxlSi), motanili taepebis yvela sityva Tavis 

adgilzea. 

asevea dawyvilebul striqonSic: 

vidre sikvdilis Wvali gulze damesobodes. 

da: ukanasknelad, vidre Tvalni damevseboden. 

arc leqsikaa arabunebrivi, arc sintaqsi. 

mesame riTmas vtoveb, igi ormarcvliania, xolo meoTxe 

riTma: Savi nabadi-gaminabavdes Tavisuflad zis konteqstSi 

— 

damigeT magrad, damaxureT Savi nabadi. 

da: vidre sikvdili SfoTian suls gaminabavdes. 

sikvdilis win savsebiT bunebrivi moTxovnaa: papiCemis 

nabadi damaxureTo, iseve rogorc bavSvobisdroindel oda 

saxlSi damawvineTo. arc SfoTiani sulis ganabva aris 

uxeiro antonimi. 

amrigad, leqsSi moulodneli da uCveulo araferia, garda 

am mravalmarcvliani, musikaluri riTmebisa. 

sainteresoa leqsi `nadirobis Semdeg~. masSi oTxmarcvliani 

riTmebic gvxvdeba: gadiara-adrianad-madlianaddadianma 

da, warmoidgineT, eqvsmarcvlianebic. eqvsmarcvliania 

SidariTma: axarxardebodnen-ayayandebodnen, xolo 

33

oTxmarcvliani riTmis zemoT motanil oTxeuls uSualod 

mosdevs: 

34 

RameSi Tvalebis gadabrialebiT 

nadavlTan mogrovdnen Savnabdianebi. 

albaT, eqvsmracliani riTmis gamo, am ortaepeds poeti 

isev ubrundeba da mas miayolebs: 

pirvelad Semomxvda Cvens tyeSi kanjari, 

pirvelad gamityda Cems dReSi xanjali. 

riTma: Cvens tyeSi knjari-Cems dReSi xanjali, garda 

eqvsmarcvlianobisa, imiTac iqcevs yuradRebas, rom igi 

Sedgenilia. 

ase mivadeqiT Sedgenil riTmas, romelic Zalze niSandoblivia 

lado asaTianisaTvis. 

upirveles yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia misi mravalgzisoba: 

TiTqmis yovel meore leqsSi Sedgenil riTmas vipoviT. 

sagulisxmoa, rom pirveli nabeWdi leqsi `Cven kvlav 

movediT~ (1935 w.) Sedgenil riTmas Seicavs, Sedgenil da xuTmarcvlian 

riTmas: ase ulevi-aseulebi. ase rom igi imTaviTve 

mosdgamda lados poezias. `Cemi qveynis oqroyanaSic~, romelic 

aseve adrindelia, araerT Sedgenil riTmas vnaxavT. 

`salaRobos~ pirveli riTmebi Sedgenilia: lamazi minda-gavaziviTa, 

lamazi minda-darbaziviTa. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa 

elda eces-mzes da zecas. 

Sedgenili riTmebi orwevrianic aris: romaelebi-rom 

moerevi (`***rogor ar minda~) da samwevrianebic: uiaraRodguli 

ar aqvso (à.v.~). ar Sevcdebi, Tu vityvi, rom am riTmis 

Sedgenisas lados dialeqturi aqo eqneboda mxedvelobaSi 

(uiaraRod-guli ar aqo). 

zogjer riTmis orive wevri Sedgenilia. gvxvdeba orsityvianebic 

da samsityvianebic: xmas wkrialas-sxva ki ara 

(`lxini kaxeTSi da sadRegrZeloebi~). 

msmeli kacebi-sveli yanwebi im mxrivac aris saintereso, 

rom riTmis calebi msazRvrel-sazRvrulebia, TiTqos, erT 

sityvad SenivTebuli mtkiced Sekruli sintagmebi. amgvarivea 

redifiani riTmac; wrfeli guli-cxeli guli (`salaRobo~). 

analogiuria: Wabuki viyav-qarbuqi viyav (ùcnobi 

poetis dRiuridan~).

Sedgenil riTmaTa sixSiris mizezi, ZiriTadad, mravalmarcvlovanebaa. 

oTx da, gansakuTrebiT, xuT-eqvsmarcvlovan 

riTmebSi igi riTmis SevsebiT saSualebaa. amitomaa, rom 

poetisaTvis erTnairad damaxasiaTebelia mravalmarcvliani 

da Sedgenili riTmebi. lados leqsi, uwinares yovlisa, mravalmarcvliania 

da Sedgenili riTmiT icnoba. 

lado asaTianis riTma morfologiurad Zlieria. imitomac 

ver Seelia igi riTmas: dagvifaravda-marabda. aseTivea 

marabdasTan SeuRlebuli malavda: malavda-marabda (`cxra 

xma xerxeuliZe~), anda: omiTa-mominda `krwanisis yayaCoebSi~, 

niskartiT-gisxamdiT `sarwyulebSi~ da sxva. 

evfoniurad sayuradReboa Sedgenili riTma `gulbaaT 

WavWavaZedan~ Zveli msmelebi-ver isvenebden aranakleb sainteresoa 

mofrologiuradac: saxeli da zmna aq qvemdebare- 

Semasmenelia. riTma winadadebas kravs: 

Candnen or mwkrivad JRal CoxebSi Zveli msmelebi, 

Rvino swyurodaT, Rvinis eSxiT ver isvenebden. 

saxeli da zmna gansakuTrebiT xSirad xvdeba erTmaneTs 

poema `basianis brZolis~ riTmebSi: elada-Relavda, aevsohaerso, 

daedgomeba-lomebma, alaparakebs-arabebs, gaSalagza-Sara, 

qveiTTa-SenivTda, jevardnebs-Sevardnen da sxv. 

sagnisa da misi moqmedebis Cveneba didad faseulia 

siuJetis ganviTarebisaTvis. meore poema `kolxida~, romelic, 

ZiriTadad, lirikulia, gamokveTili fabula-siuJetis 

gareSe, saxelisa da zmnis gariTmviT ar iqcevs yuradRebas. 

swored siuJetisa da moqmedebis gamo mosalodneli iyo, 

`basianis brZolas~ riTmaTa didi nawili zmnuri hqonoda, 

magram arc `basianis brZolaSi~ da arc, saerTod, zmnur riTmebs, 

romlebic erTgvarovania, poeti xSirad ar mimarTavs. 

erTia, metyvelebis ra nawili rasTan iriTmeba, meore — 

ra sityva _ rasTan. riTmis semantikas mravali kuTxe da 

aspeqti aqvs. epikur nawarmoebSi sayuradReboa personaJTa 

saxelebis riTmaSi moqceva, rac xels uwyobs personaJis 

xasiaTis gamokveTas. 

`basianis brZolis~ yvela moqmedi piris saxeli riTmaSia 

gatanili. Tu sxva personaJebi TiTojer iriTmebian, mTavari 

gmirebi — Tamari da nuqardini — oTx-oTxjer qmnian riTmas. 

riTmaSi vlindeba avtoris damokidebuleba personaJebis 

mimarT. 

35

pirvelad nuqardinia naxsenebi: `nuqardins gamoegzavna 

TamarisaTvis werili~. Soreuli SidariTmiT es personaJi 

imTaviTve negatiur aspeqtSia warmodgenili. zemoT motanil 

striqons uSualod mosdevs: ènisgan uTqmels, ukadriss 

iwereboda murdali~. striqonTa mezoblobaSi mkiTxveli 

advilad iWers riTmas: nuqardins-ukadriss. es daxasiaTeba 

aqve boloriTmiTac aris gamagrebuli: murdali-sulTani. 

Semdeg nuqardini iriTmeba sityvebTan: muqariT, uqadis, cru 

qadils. samive cali naTlad warmogvidgens nuqardinis 

xasiaTs. 

axla TamarTan SeriTmuli sityvebi vnaxoT. Tavani (`samefo 

saxlis Tavani~), naTavTavari, qamari (`saqmro qamari~), 

mTavari, gvirgvinosani Tamari Tavis sakadris sityvaTa 

garemocvaSia. 

riTmis calebis aseT pirdapir urTierTmimarTebas isic 

uwyobs xels, rom mosazRvre striqonebi iriTmeba (aa), erTis 

Sinaarsi uSualod gadadis meoreSi. Tumca jvaredini 

riTmis calebic sintaqsur wyvilebs qmnian: 

36 

am kacis colma sxva Seiyvara, 

ase ityvian Cemze biWebi, 

gamixseneben rogorc nikalas 

da Tbil samares daabijeben. 

biWebi-daabijeben qvemdebare-Semasmenelia. 

sariTmo sityvaTa mniSvneloba zogjer scildeba Cveulebriv 

gagebas da metaforuli azrovnebis xasiaTs iZens. 

metaforiT iwyeba `cxra Zma xerxeuliZe~: ès gafrenili 

fafari Tu mSobliuri nislia~. sariTmo sityva nisli — 

umxedrod mitovebul xerxeuliZeTa cxenebis awewili fafaria. 

riTmis _ ZaZa bunebas-daZabuneba _ pirveli calic 

metaforaa: `roca giyureb Sav samoselSi, vxedav, Caucvams 

ZaZa bunebas~. metaforuli gamoTqmaa: `wuxils waiRebs qnari 

da striqonebad daqsovs~ (ìm silamazes warsuls~). igi 

galaktionis `mTawmindis mTvaris~ reminiscenciaa: `mwuxarebiT 

Semosili SeRamebis qnari qrolviT iwvevs cisfer landebs 

da xeebSi aqsovs~. amas kidev ufro naTels xdis riTmebis 

damTxveva: qnari-wynari, aqsovs-maxsovs. galaktioniT 

iyo STagonebuli. Tavi mis Segirdad miaCnda. mas uTxra: `Sena 

xar lqsis meored mosvla~ (`galaktioni~). Tumca am SemTxvevaSi 

lados striqonebi mainc inarCuneben damoukideblobas. 

mainc sxvaa: qnaris mier wuxilis striqonebad daqsova.

iTmis xelovanma kargad icis riTmis fasi da Tavis 

gamorCeul riTmebs, umetesad, striqonebis TanxlebiT, 

leqsSi imeorebs. ase meordebian leqsebis Tavsa da boloSi: 

es alublebi-vesaubrebi, ZaZa bunebas-daZabuneba, dagvifaravda-marabda, 

`bardnalas~ mTeli strofi Tavisi riTmebiTa 

da aliteraciiT. 

me mxolod riTmis samzeridan Sevxede lado asaTianis 

poezias. suraTi mimzidvelia. aseve mimzidveli iqneba igi 

farTo gadasaxedidan: versifikacia mTlianad, poeturi 

saxeebi, leqsis kompozicia, Temebi da motivebi. 

darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom lado asaTianis saxiT 

Cven didebuli poeti gvyavs. 

lado asaTianze fiqrisas nikoloz baraTaSvilis 

aCrdili wamoimarTeba. saukune aSorebdaT erTmaneTs. orive 

17 wels daibada. erTi XIX saukuneSi, meore _ XX-Si. orivem 

cota xans icocxla: erTma 27 weli, meorem _ 26. magram am 

mcire droSi orivem bevris gakeTeba SeZlo. 

baraTaSvilis xateba sicocxlis Tanamgzavrad dahyveboda: 

`Sen STamagone poezia _ leqsis unari~ (`nikoloz 

baraTaSvilisadmi~). Tumca Tavad gansxvavebuli stilis 

poeti iyo: sariTmo sityva merani yoraniT ki ar daakoWla, 

JReraniT gamarTa (merani-JRerani), kargad grZnobda bara- 

TaSvilis sidiades: `Seni striqoni, saakaZis xmaliviT basri, 

welTa qrolvaSi arasodes daiJangeba~. baraTaSvilis leqsis 

zusti daxasiaTebaa: basri striqoni. 

Tavisi Tavis mimarT guramiSviliviT mokrZalebuli iyo: 

àm uxeiro leqsebis garda ras gavukeTeb me saqarTvelos~ 

(`Tqven geubnebiT, Zmebo, mgosnebo~). am striqonebis avtors 

ukve dawerili aqvs: `lxini kaxelebTan~, `me miyvars, roca 

yanaSi gaxval~, `rusTavelis prospeqti~, àlbomidan~, àmisi 

qmari~, àr vici, ase ram Semayvara~, `krwanisis yayaCoebi~, 

`nadirobis Semdeg~, `cageris bazroba~, ànderZi~, `bardnala~ 

da dasaweri: ùcnobi poetis rveulidan~, `***rusTvelis 

prospeqtze siaruli~, `gulbaaT WavWavaZe~, `cxra Zma xerxeuliZe~, 

àspinZa~, `basianis brZola~ da sxv. 

amden poetur Sedevrs bevr mravaltomian avtorTan ver 

ipovi. 

37

38 


akaki xinTibiZe _ lado asaTianis leqsis 

mkvlevari 

erTi weli miiwura batoni akaki xinTibiZis gardacvalebidan. 

2009 wlis 6 Tebervals batoni akakis 85 wlisTavi unda 

aRgveniSna mis naTesavebs, megobrebsa da mowafeebs. gadavwyviteT, 

es mniSvnelovani TariRi swored maisis damlevs, 

leqsmcodneobis ukve tradiciadqceuli samecniero sesiis 

dRisaTvis dagvemTxvia da, Tanac, batoni akakis didi xnis 

naocnebari wignis: `qarTuli leqsis istoriisa da Teoriis~ 

pirveli egzemplarebic wargvedgina sazogadoebisaTvis. ... 

xuTiode wlis winaT, rodesac batoni akakis me-80 wlisTavis 

iubiles aRvniSnavdiT, batoni akakis daJinebuli TxovniT, 

mecnieris axalgamocemuli wignis `versifikaciuli narkvevebis~ 

ganxilvas mivuZRveniT es dRe. misTvis sakuTar Tavze 

sayvareli da mniSvnelovani qarTuli leqsi, misi saidumloebis 

kvleva da amocnoba, qarTveli poetebis versifikaciuli 

ostatobis dadgena iyo, amitomac Tavisi dabadebis dRis 

uZvirfases saCuqrad qarTul leqsze saubars miiCnevda. 

sayvareli moZRvris am survilma gvibiZga, rodesac batoni 

akakis wlevandeli, saiubileo wlis aRniSvna qarTuli 

leqsis dauRalavi mkvlevris sicocxlis ukanaskneli wlebis 

yvelaze didi gatacebis — lado asaTianisadmi miZRvnili 

samecniero sesiiT gadavwyviteT. 

2002 wels akaki xinTibiZem monografia `qarTuli riTmis 

istoria~ daasrula lado asaTianis riTmaze dawerili gamokvleviT, 

romelic imave wlis Jurnal `mnaTobSi~ gamoqveynda 

saTauriT: `riTma lamazi oqros fasia~. mkiTxveli 

kargad icnobs am SesaniSnav werils. 

monografiaSi ganxilulia qarTuli riTmis genezisi, misi 

klasifikacia da gaanalizebulia: CaxruxaZis, rusTavelis, 

guramiSvilis, besikis, romantikosebis, galaktionisa da 

lado asaTianis riTma. garda amisa, mimoxilulia qarTuli 

riTmis xasiaTi rusTvelidan guramiSvilamde: Teimuraz I, 

arCili, vaxtang VI, mamuka baraTaSvili da romantikosebidan 

galaktionamde (rafiel erisTavis, ilias, akakis, vaJafSavelas 

riTma).

monografiaSi cnobili qarTveli poetebis riTmebi yvela 

parametris mixedviT aris daxasiaTebuli (fonika, adgilmdebareoba, 

grZlioba, agebuleba, morfologia). zogjer riTma 

ganxilulia leqsis mTlian konteqstSi (baraTaSvilis, 

galaktionis, lado asaTianis riTma). 

sagangebod gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom lado asaTianis riTmas 

am mniSvnelovani monografiis 16 gverdi eTmoba, odnav 

naklebi galaktionis riTmaze daweril TavTan SedarebiT, 2- 

3 gverdiT ki metia guramiSvilis riTmisadmi miZRvnil monakveTTan 

SedarebiT. amgvarad, Tvalis erTi SevlebiTac ki 

Cans, Tu raoden bevri dakvirvebis safuZveli miucia lado 

asaTianis leqss mecnierisaTvis. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, 

rom akaki xinTibiZis monografiis mixedviT, qarTuli riTmis 

istoriaSi lado asaTianis riTma galaktionis riTmis gverdiT 

imkvidrebs adgils. 

batoni akakis azriT: `lado asaTiani riTmis poetia da es 

tituli man riTmis saukuneSi moipova _ galaktionis, 

abaSelis, griSaSvilis, valerian gafrindaSvilis da riTmis 

sxva gamoCenil xelovanTa gverdiT, poeturi moRvaweobis 

sul eqvsi wlis manZilze~. iqve mkvlevari aRniSnavs, rom 

lado asaTianis 114 leqssa da or poemaSi gariTmvis 17 

kombinacias vxvdebiT. 

am gamokvlevis daweris Semdeg batoni akaki xSirad imeorebda, 

kolegebsa da megobrebTan leqsze saubrisas, lado 

asaTianis sityvebs galaktionze: `Sena xar leqsis meored 

mosvla~ (`galaktions~) da aRniSnavda, lados Tavi galaktionis 

Segirdad miaCndao. 

lados riTmaze daweril gamokvlevaSi akaki xinTibiZe 

wers: `riTmis xelovanma kargad icis lamazi riTmis fasi da 

Tavis gamorCeul riTmebs, umetesad striqonebis TanxlebiT, 

leqsSi imeorebs; ase meordeba leqsis Tavsa da boloSi: es 

alublebi-vesaubrebi, ZaZa bunebas _ daZabuneba, dagvifaravda-marabda, 

`bardnalas~ mTeli strofiT, Tavisi riTmebiTa 

da aliteraciiT. 

lado asaTianis riTmaze dawerili monakveTis bolos 

akaki xinTibiZe wers: `me mxolod riTmis samzeridan Sevxede 

lado asaTianis poezias. suraTi mimzidvelia. aseve mimzidveli 

iqneba igi farTo gadasaxedidan: versifikacia mTlianad, 

poeturi saxeebi, leqsis kompozicia, Temebi da motivebi. 

darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom lado asaTianis saxiT 

Cven didi poeti gvyavs~. 

39

leqsmcodneobis III samecniero sesiis Tematikac dadasturebaa 

qarTuli leqsis versifikaciis cnobili mesaidumlis 

mier moniSnuli sakiTxebis problemurobisa. lado 

asaTianis poeziis kvleva, rogorc Cans, Rrmavdeba da met 

interess imsaxurebs Tanamedrove filologTa mxridan. 

aqve gvinda, Svidi wlis winandeli, 2002 wlis 2 oqtombris 

oqmis amonaweri gagacnoT; imdroindeli, rodesac batonma 

akakim zemoxsenebuli naSromi gaacno kolegebs: batonma 

roland beriZem ase Seafasa momxseneblis gamokvleva: `moxaruli 

var, rom movismine maRalprofesiul doneze Sesrulebuli 

naSromi. saWirod mimaCnia, lado asaTianis riTmaze 

msjelobisas yuradReba gamaxvildes ara mxolod mis poezia- 

Si, aramed, zogadad, qarTuli leqsis istoriaSi jerjerobiT 

erTaderT Tormetmarcvlovan pantoriTmaze: 

40 

`gafantuli faris mTaze dajanReba 

da qarTuli faris farze dajaxeba~. 

levan bregaZem aRniSna. ùaRresad saWiro da sasargeblo 

naSromia `qarTuli riTmis istoria~ ara mxolod profesionalebis, 

aramed poeziis moyvarulTaTvis. Tvalwin iSleba 

riTmis mTeli, mravalsaukunovani istoria. rac Seexeba 

lado asaTianis sariTmo wyvils: ès alublebi-vesaubrebi~, 

ar unda iyos winaaRmdegobrivi azrobriv logikasTan. 

ganyofilebis gamgem Teimuraz doiaSvilma ase Seafasa 

lado asaTianis riTmis Taobaze batoni akakis gamokvleva da, 

saerTod,imdRevandeli sxdoma: `...lado asaTianis sariTmo 

wyvili: `dagvifaravda//marabda~ ar arRvevs azrobriv logikas; 

Tu gavixsenebT niko berZeniSvilis azrs, rom: `qarTvel- 

Ta mraval gamarjvebas ametebs marabda~. amave dros, vfiqrob, 

striqoniT: `Torem mters isic ki SeaSinebs~ _ Semzadebulia 

marabdis xseneba. gamoyenebulia hiperbola. 

akaki xinTibiZis naSromisadmi gamovlenili kolegaTa 

cxoveli interesi dadasturebaa imisa, rom avtorma, unikalurma 

pirovnebam, romelic 50 wlis manZilze iRvwis qarTuli 

leqsmcodneobis ganviTarebisaTvis, amJamadac imgvari 

naazrevi warmoadgina, romlis Seqmnac mniSvnelovani movlenaa 

Cveni filologiuri mecnierebisaTvis da romlis gamoqveynebac 

saSuri saqmea~. 

batoni akakis arqivSi daculia yvela is Canaweri, miZRvna, 

Tu SeniSvna, romelic kolegebs, megobrebs gadauciaT, gauziarebiT 

am gamorCeulad faqizi da keTilSobili pirovnebi-

saTvis. mravalTagan erT-erTi gansakuTrebiT Zvirfasia 

CvenTvis dRes, radgan igi swored zemoxsenebul, sayurad- 

Rebo monografias exeba: 2000 wlis 4 oqtombers batonma 

akaki xinTibiZem zemoxsenebuli gamokvlevis `qarTuli riTmis 

istoriis~ I monakveTi waikiTxa. naSromis kiTxvis dasrulebisas 

nino darbaisels leqs-strofi gadaucia misTvis: 

`riTmas ixilavs 

kako batoni — 

_ RaRadiT, mReriT 

maRldeba toni~. 

mesame-meoTxe striqonebi kiburad irTimeba da riTma 

ikiTxeba. baton akakis miuweria am miZRvnisaTvis. `Cemi moxsenebis 

wakiTxvis dRe~. 

...ase iyo TiTqmis yovelTvis: batoni akakis moxsenebis 

wakiTxvisa Tu misi dabadebis dRe aucileblad qarTuli 

leqsis zeimad, riTmis dResaswaulad unda gadaqceuliyo da 

dauviwyari gamxdariyo. 

madlobas vuZRvni baton elguja xinTibiZes, romelmac 

batoni akakis arqivze muSaobis saSualeba momca. mecnieris 

arqivSi daculia mis mier me-80 wlisTavis saiubileo saRamoze 

warmoTqmuli samadlobeli sityvis Canaweri: `sakuTar 

Tavze ra unda vTqva. vaJa-fSavelas striqons gavixseneb: àr 

mibobRia dabla qvemZromad~. am didi xnis manZilze arc 

aravin damiCagravs da arc aravisTvis kudi miqnevia. 

mudam Tan damyveboda leqsi da siyvaruli. siyvaruli 

moyvasisa, saqmisa, rasac akeTeb da is siyvarulic, rogorc 

`mwuxare grZnoba civi sisovlis~. 

isev da isev madlobas gwiravT yvelas~. 

marTlac, baton akaki xinTibiZes mudam Tan dahyveboda 

`leqsi da siyvaruli~ iseve, rogorc lado asaTiani wers erT 

kerZo baraTSi megobars: `...leqsad qceuli var da leqsad gesityvebi~. 

...esec gangebis nebaa, rom `leqsad qceuli~ da 

`leqsiT mosiarule~ kacebs saqarTveloSi erTad moixseniebdnen 

samaradisod! 

26.V.2009. 

41

42 

lado asaTiani 

(literaturuli portreti) 

zaza abzianiZe 

dRes Zneli warmosadgenia, rom erTi romelime poetiT 

gataceba mTeli TaobisaTvis cxovrebis iseTive ucilobel 

niSnad gadaiqces, rogorc vTqvaT _ bavSvobaSi Cutyvavilis 

gadatana. magram omisSemdgomi TaobisaTvis es marTlac ase 

iyo, da poeti, romlis siyvarulic lamis savaldebulod 

iTvleboda _ lado asaTiani gaxldaT. 

imisaTvis, rom am, adre Caferflili poetis striqonebs 

miRma ufro mkafiod davinaxoT maTi avtori, modiT, pirvel 

yovlisa, mis siWabukisdroindel megobars movusminoT: 

`lados boboqaro suli da unazesi grZnoba hqonda, _ igonebda 

lados Tanakurseli quTaisis pedinstitutSi da yvelaze 

axlobeli adamiani studentobis wlebSi, mixeil alavi- 

Ze, _ bedma mas yvela sikeTe rodi uwyaloba. bunebam misTvis 

ubadlo niWi ar daiSura da xangrZlivi sicocxle ar gaimeta. 

lado wuTisoflis iSviaTi stumeri iyo. 

kvlavac cxadad warmomidgeba tanmaRali da gamxdari 

Zmadnafici naTeli SubliT da metyveli TvalebiT, gulficxic 

da gulTbilic, enabrgvilic da enamaxvilic. 

vigoneb maxlobels: poeziaze Seyvarebuls, sanTeliviT 

anTebulsa da gamqrals. 

vaJkacobaSic Sesuli lado bavSviviT saTuTi da misaferebeli 

iyo~ (mogonebebi: 1987: 10). 

lados cxovrebis gariJraJs axla ukve misi umcroso 

dai igonebda, medea: 

`leCxumSi, bardnalaSi iyo erTi saxloba, romelsac 

guju asaTianis saxloba erqva. 

gagrZelda sicocxle, mohyva melqisedeq asaTiani, kaci 

marTali, moyvasis moyvaruli, hyavda erTguli da Wkviani 

meuRle, iseTi, rogorsac yvela darbaiseli qarTuli ojaxi 

moixdens da inatrebs. 

yvelaferi kargad aewyo: jer quTaisSi muSaobdnen maswavleblad, 

SeeZinaT ori vaJi da erTi qali; gavida xani, 

dabrundnen bardnalaSi, mSoblebi skolaSi muSaobdnen, ufrosi 

Svili _ lado cageris sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikumSi

swavlobda, momdevno _ gogita da mediko bardnalis 

Svidwlian skolaSi. 

duRda sicocxle ojaxSi. 

ladom teqnikumi daamTavra, swavla gaagrZela quTaisis 

pedagogiur institutSi, ardadegebze Camodioda sofelSi. 

zamTris dReebSi guzguzebda buxarSi cecxli, iwvoda 

nariyala, nariyala biWebis _ ladosa da gogitas Segrovili 

riyeze, cxeniswylis napirze. 

...hyvebodnen Zvelsa da axals. mamas uyvarda aTasjer wakiTxulis 

kidev wakiTxva. xan vis amoiCemebda da xan vis. gadmoiRebda 

grigol orbelians da ise kiTxulobda, gegonebodaT 

es-esaa axla naxa pirvelado. miuxedavad imisa, TiTqmis 

zepirad icoda Cveni klasikosebi, mainc wigns moiTxovda da 

kiTxulobda: ase sxva madli aqvso, _ ityoda. yvelas Tavisi 

salocavi hqonda da yvelasi erTi iyo — yvelaferi lamazi da 

maRali Tavis qveynisa. Cven visxediT da vusmendiT. lado 

gatacebiT ismenda ufrosebis saubars...~ (mogonebebi 1987: 

33-34). 

kacs Tu zegardmo nebiT poeturi niWi aqvs momadlebuli, 

amaze ukeTess garemos ver inatrebs. unda iTqvas, rom garemo 

lados Cinebuli hqonda studentobis drosac: gaWirvebiT ki 

uWirda, magram _ vis gaakvirveb 30-iani wlebis quTaisSi 

gaWirvebiT?! (miT umetes, studentis). erTmaneTis gverdSi 

udganan, ukanasknel fuls wignebSi aZleven, paTetikurad 

kiTxuloben mowonebul leqsebs (sxvisas da Tavisas) da 

wlebis Semdeg, im, SeWirvebul studentur yofas ixseneben, 

rogorc cxovrebis yvelaze lamaz da romantikul periods. 

lado asaTianis xasiaTis, Cvevebis, `yoveldRiuri~ yofis 

Canaxatebi, mexsierebaSi saTuTad aRbeWdili da Semdgom, ukve 

mogonebebis wignSi Tavmoyrili (`Wabukebi darCnen marad~) 

mweral nika agiaSvils ekuTvnis. amave wignma Semogvinaxa 

poetTa am wris _ mirza gelovanis, aleqsandre sajaias, 

giorgi nafetvariZis da maT megobar literatorTa 

portretebi. 

nika agiaSvili 1933-1938 wlebSi, quTaisSi, gazeT `stalinelis~ 

TanamSromeli gaxldaT. swored aq, am gazeTSi daibeWda 

lado asaTianis pirveli leqsebi. terenti granelisa 

Tu niko samadaSvilis debiutisa ar iyos, aqac, am SemTxvevaSi, 

pirveli publikacia savsebiT Seesatyviseboda gazeTis 

dasaxelebas da marto saTaurebiTac rom vimsjeloT, aranair 

imeds ar badebda axali talantis movlinebisa. saTaurebi 

ki yovlad trivialuri iyo: `stalinelis~ 1935 wlis 15 oq- 

43

tombris nomerSi Sesdgeba lados debiuti leqsiT _ `Cven 

kvlav movediT~; amas mohyva momdevno wlis 25 Tebervals gamoqveynebuli 

`Tebervlis dila~; mere kidev _ `berdias sim- 

Rera beladze~ da a.S. 

am fasadis mixedviT rom emsjela visme, XX saukunis 20- 

30-iani wlebis sabWoTa skolis kidev erT `produqts~ da 

socrealizmis qarTvel mimdevarTa axal cvlas unda misalmeboda. 

SesaZloa, Tavdapirvelad, asec iyo... 

magram, aba vnaxoT, ra leqsebs gadaarCevs lado eqvsi 

wlis Semdeg, Tavisi nanatri poeturi krebulisaTvis `winaprebi~: 

`wignis (`winaprebis~) gegma da `proeqti~ ukve mofiqrebuli 

maqvs, _ wers igi 1942 wlis seqtemberSi frontze myof 

nika agiaSvils, _ wigni ar iqneba didi, zomiT Zalze patara 

_ Sig moTavsdeba sul 16 leqsi: `salaRobo~, `cxra Zma xerxeuliZe~, 

`qarTveli oqrosmaZieblis simRera~, àspinZa~, `gulbaaT 

WavWavaZe~, `krwanisis yayaCoebi~, `cixis sizmari~, `qar- 

Tuli ena~, `basianis brZola”, `manana orbelianis suraTze”, `babuaCemi~, 

`bardnala~, `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli~, 

`pirveli mWedlebi~, `sarwyuli~, ìvane javaxiSvilisadmi~... 

aqedan iqneb ori-sami amoviRo da sxva romelime Cavumato, 

iqneb, zogi vinmes ar moewonos da man amoiRos, _ vin 

icis! 

yda sul ubralo da sada eqneba. wigns zizil-pipiloebi 

rad unda, Sig mxolod kai-kai leqsebi iyos!... Torem, Tu Tavad 

ar vargxar, rac unda gasteno..., mainc ar gamova `pasternakuli~... 

Tu cocxali davrCi da Senc cocxals momiswari, 

roca Camoxval, kai lamaz wigns dagaxvedreb... 

mgoni ar iqneba cudi. vinZlo misma gamosvlam cota suli 

momaTqmevinos, gamaxalisos da es xanmokle da uRimRamo 

sicocxle odnav gamixangrZlivos. esaa Cemi imedi da kidev 

bevri ram am qveyanaze, rac masuldgmulebs da sicocxlis 

siyvaruls ar mikargavs~ (asaTiani 1972: 351). 

ar aris advili am werilis kiTxva. miT umetes, Tu ici, 

rom lado kidec eRirsa da kidec ver eRirsa am wignis gamosvlas: 

eRirsa im gagebiT, rom ukve xelT hqonda ramdenime 

saavtoro egzemplari (da daariga kidec _ Tavisda saubedurod!), 

magram... raRac uxilavi meqanizmi amoqmedda da `winaparTa~ 

mTeli tiraJi ganadgurda... 

aq, am Zveli istoriis gadevneba aRarc Rirs, sxva ram ufro 

mniSvnelovania dRevandeli gadasaxedidan: TviT lados 

feriscvaleba im ramdenime weliwadSi, bedma rom mouzoma 

44

esodeni siZunwiT, im gardasaxvis, quTaisSi rom iwyeba da 

TbilisSi mTavrdeba poetis sicocxlesTan erTad... 

quTaisSi dabruneba mogviwevs: ai, erTi yofiTi, magram 

bevrismTqmeli Canaxati: “im dros lado quTaisis sadgurTan 

cxovrobda _ ZerJinskis quCaze, 35-e nomerSi, erT patara 

Raribul `kolofSi~. kuTxeSi midgmuli sawoli, magidaze 

dawyobili wignebi da Jurnal-gazeTebi, ubralo mowafuri 

sawer-kalami da Zabriani samelne, kedelze gakruli vaJasa da 

baironis fotosuraTebi, iqve _ calfa lursmanze _ wiTelarSiebiani 

tilos pirsaxoci, lurji kepi da JRali kurtaki, 

_ es iyo mTeli misi avladideba~ (agiaSvili 1961: 114). 

da, rogorc bunebrivi gagrZeleba am citatisa, ukve TviT 

lados portreti imave wignidan _ `Wabukebi darCnen marad~: 

èrT zamTarSi sul edgar pos, Selisa da verlenis wignebs 

kiTxulobda. jibeebSi xelCawyobili, iRliaSi amodebuli 

wigniT, yelze kaSnSemoxveuli da TavSiSveli, dadioda qu- 

CebSi da neli xmiT, marcval-marcval, RiRinebda sayvarel 

avtorTa leqsebs. amisTvis igonebda sxvadasxvagvar sakuTar 

motivs, erT xans sul akakis leqsebs imeorebda, sxva dros _ 

baraTaSvilis `SeviSrob cremlsa~ da `damqrola qarman sastikman~. 

ramdenime kviras rusulad, TiTqmis sruliad umotivod 

dudunebda blokis striqonebs: 

`Ночь, улица, фонарь, аптека, 

Бессмысленный и тусклый свет. 

Живи еще хоть четверть века, 

Все будет так – исхода нет! 

Умрешь – начнешь опять сначала 

И повторится все как встарь: 

Ночь, ледяная рябь канала, 

Аптека, улица, фонарь~. 

(agiaSvili 1961: 71) 

aris raRac sulisSemZvreli lado asaTianis leqsebisa da 

biografiis erTianobaSi: am Caferflil cxovrebaSi; am gaelvebul 

siyvarulSi; am literaturul optimizmSi, romelsac 

esoden ucnaurad uTavsdeboda moaxloebuli aRsasrulis 

winaTgrZnoba; am poetur gulaxdilobaSi, romlis miRmac 

erTi didi satkivari imaleboda... 

xdeba xolme _ grZnob adamianSi raRac gamouTqmel tkivils, 

raRac saidumlo dramas, romelic, SesaZloa, dakavSirebulia 

kidec mis TvalSisacem uiRblobasTan, magram, romc 

ar iyos, mainc yovelTvis mogeCveneba, rom misi cxovrebis 

45

fataluri Zafi, swored SenTvis ucnobi saidumloTi 

inaskvneba. 

raRac amdagvari grZnoba ibadeboda lado asaTianis 

leqsebis pirvelad wakiTxvisas. mxolod Semdgom aexada farda 

mis saidumlos da saaSkarao gaxda misi faruli tkivili: 

aba, warmoidgineT, ra unda xdebodes im romantiuli leCxumeli 

biWis sulSi, romlisTvisac uecrad sityva `dedas~ 

tabu edeba da romelsac 1937 wels quTaisis pedinstitutidan 

ricxaven, rogorc “xalxis mtris” Svils. 

SemdgomSi lado institutSi ki aRadgines, magram es daRi 

_ xalxis mtris Svilisa, etyoba, sicocxlis bolomde Trgunavda. 

Tumca, arc imis gamoricxva SeiZleba, rom grigol 

orbelianis leqsebze gazrdili, es romantikuli da malemrwmeni 

natura, swored dedis dapatimrebam gamoafxizla da 

eWvi Seatanina im `mziani Tebervlis dilis~ keTilismyofelobaSi, 

romelzec esoden paTetikurad werda “stalinelis” 

furclebze. xom cnobilia, rom poetebs tragedia Zerwavs... 

iyo raRac mistikuri Tanxvedra imaSic, rom lado da 

dedamisi _ lida cqitiSvili, daaxloebiT erTsa da imave 

dros gardaicvalnen: sicxiT gaTanguli lado _ TbilisSi, 

1943 wlis zafxulSi da swored am droidan Sewyda werilebi 

Soreul uzbekeTSi gadasaxlebuli dedamisisagan. 

kidev erTi damTrgunavi simbolika: lado asaTianis biografiaSi 

quTaisSica da TbilisSic ZerJinskis quCaze cxovrobda. 

gangebas TiTqos ganzrax undoda gamoefxizlebina es 

gamousworebeli meocnebe. 

ra SeuZlia daupirispiros ulmobel sinamdviles Wabukma, 

romelsac xalasi poeturi niWi aqvs momadlebuli, magram 

aranairi cxovrebiseuli niWi ar gaaCnia; romelic xedavs 

RmerTisagan misTvis mzis qveS miCenil adgils, magram iq 

misasvlelad aucilebeli brZolisunarianoba ar yofnis? 

leqsi! mxolod leqss SeuZlia gauqarwylos es ukmarisobis 

grZnoba, brZolis Jini da gamarjvebiT Troba ganacdevinos. 

aseT wams, lado asaTianSi is genetikuri mexsiereba iRvi- 

Zebs, romelic mas Tvalwin krwanisis, marabdis, aspinZis, 

basianis suraTebs warmousaxavs, sulier simxneves STaberavs 

da Sinagan uflebas miscems _ mamulisaTvis Tavdadebul winaprebs 

elaparakos, rogorc TanamedroveT da Tanatolebs: 

46 

hei, Tqven, aragvelebo, gaumaZRarno omiTa, 

Tqvens saflavebTan mosvla da muxlis modreka mominda. 

SavCoxiano vaJkaco, Wriloba xom ar Segxsnia! 

es sisxli aris, Tu marTla 'yayaCoebis cecxlia?

SavCoxiano vaJebo, ase ram gagaxalisaT, 

Jriali xom ar mogesmaT oJa jurxais farisa? 

simRera xom ar mogesmaT patara kaxis xmalisa? 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

(asaTiani 1979: 117) 

axla, rodesac lado asaTianisaTvis gansakuTrebiT ni- 

Sandoblivi striqonebi gavixseneT, CavukvirdeT aragvelebis 

saflavebTan muxlmodrekil Wabuks da SevecadoT misi 

portreti maqsimalurad miaxloebuli iyos realur lado 

asaTianTan. 

darwmunebuli var, amiT odnavadac ar moakldeba xibli 

im lamaz legendas, romelic yovelTvis Tan sdevs adre wasul, 

TanamedroveTagan daufasebel, niWiTa da ubedobiT 

gamorCeul poetebs. 

Cven dRes mravali ramis arqonas vuCiviT da samarTlianadac. 

magram, ratomRac, mgonia, rom Cveni dRevandeli 

Znelbedoba swored imitomaa principulad gansxvavebuli 

lado asaTianis droindeli gaWivrebisagan da ufro Zneli 

gadasatanic, rom siRaribem Cvens sulebSi gadmoinacvla. 

cxovrebis morig dartymas dRes Cven ufro sulmokled 

vxvdebiT, vidre wignebis amara darCenili is Wleqiani Wabuki, 

esodeni mondomebiT rom aferadebda darCenil dReebs: 

rusTavelis prospeqtze siaruli 

nu momiSalos RmerTma, 

viyo mudam ase mxiaruli. 

qarTveli poeti merqvas. 

puris natexi da erTi litra Rvino 

simdidred CamiTvaleT, 

Tu meti vinatro an es viTakilo, _ 

ver vnaxo samoTxis mTvare... 

mxolod drodadro damaretianos 

qaSveTis Semoxedvam _ 

rusTavelis prospeqtze xetiali 

nu momiSalos RmerTma! 

(asaTiani 1979: 171) 

_ es striqonebi 1941 welsaa dawerili. ukve mesame weli 

iyo, rac lado TbilisSi gadmosaxlda da daojaxda kidec. 

ZerJinskis quCis dasawyisSi, erTi patara, ufanjrebo oTaxis 

kedlebma Seifares axali ojaxi _ lado, misi momxiblavi 

meuRle _ aniko vaCnaZe da maTi patara qaliSvili _ manana. 

47

Zalzed cota xans gagrZelda es ojaxuri idilia. miT 

umetes, rom sicocxlis bolo wlebSi lados TveobiT uwevda 

abasTumanSi yofna samkurnalod. 

da mainc, am xanmokle siyvarulma lados cxovrebas ra- 

Rac sruliad gansxvavebuli elferi misca, sisaTuTe da sirbile 

Semata mis xmas: 

48 

ra damaviwebs Sens lamaz Tvalebs 

ram damaviwos es alublebi! 

icode, roca sxva Seviyvareb, 


vetyvi, Tu rogor gviyvarda Zvelad 

Cven trfialeba weregadasuli, 

Tu rogor gaqra ocneba yvela 

da mogonebad darCa warsuli... 

(asaTiani 1979: 109) 

Cveni yurTasmena ukve ise mieCvia am striqonebs, estradidan 

Tu teleekranidan araerTxel gameorebuls, rom, vSiSob, 

raRac Zaldataneba gvWirdeba maTi pirvandeli xiblis 

aRsaqmelad. 

estradis xsenebaze: lados leqsebi gamaxsenda firosmanze 

_ sayvareli sakiTxavi Cveni msaxiobebisa... ise mgonia, rom 

Tavis awewil cxovrebas lado rogorRac usadagebda 

firosmanis beds da `sawyali nikalas~ motivi mis poeziaSi ar 

gaxldaT mxolodRa uiRblo mxatvris jadoqruli niWiT 

aRtacebis gamoZaxili. 

nika agiaSvilis mogonebeSi arc es Temaa gamotovebuli: 

`metexis muzeumSi firosmanis gamofenas rom aTvalierebda, 

darbazis datoveba aRar undoda. didxans ijda skamze mSvidad, 

mdumared Sehyurebda kedlebze Camwkrivebul suraTebs 

da mxolod farTod gaRebul TvalebSi ukrToda gaoceba da 

sixaruli~ (agiaSvili 1961: 192). 

kidev erTi gamorCeuli motivi lado asaTianis poeziisa 

leCxumi iyo: cageri, namkaSuris wisqvilebi, is cisferi sarwyuli 

(axlac devs mis saxl-muzeumSi), romelic ladosaTvis 

mis sofelSi _ bardanalaSi gatarebuli bavSvobis uRrublo 

dReebis simbolod iqca da romelzec werda ise, rogorc 

cocxal arsebaze: 

man gaminaTa biliki laJvardebisken savali... 

aba, rogor ar miyvardes Cemi Tavgadasavali?! 

misma uzomo silurjem gamiRo zecis karebi

da qveyanaze sicocxle momizRo leqsis pwkarebiT. 

da axla, roca umweo vdgavar ufskrulis napirTan, 

roca cxovrebam gamTela da simWlis senma damfliTa, 

roca cxelebis almurSi gagiJebamde mabodebs, 

rasac tivebze mRerodnen, rasac wisqvilSi ambobdnen, _ 

kvlav Sen gnatrulob, rom mkerdze sicocxlis wyali 

masxuro, 

bavSvobasaviT cisfero, mamapapuro sarwyulo! 

(asaTiani 1979: 169) 

es leqsic 1941 wliTaa daTariRebuli. aqve SevniSnav, rom 

im leqsebis umetesoba, romlebiTac ki darCa lado asaTiani, 

swored 1939-1942 wlebSia Seqmnili _ sul raRac oTxi wlis 

manZilze. ar vici, gaucnobierebeli iyo es amofrqveva, Tu 

zurgsukan nagrZnobi sikvdilis aCrdili raimes samomavlod 

gadadebis uflebas uspobda, magram cxadia, rom lado 

asaTianis SemoqmedebiT portretSi yovelTvis vgrZnobT am 

fatalur naZerws. 

lados bolo wlebze nika agiaSvili werda: ùkanasknelad 

avsityva gaxda da zogierTisaTvis TiTqos autanelic. bevrs 

erTob guldaxuruli, abezari da jiuti egona, magram lado 

isev gulkeTili darCa da axlo megobrebma icodnen misi 

gulistkivili, grZnobdnen, rom misi dReebi daTvlili iyo 

da bevr rames apatiebdnen niWier megobars~ (agiaSvili 1961: 

146). 

am bevr rameSi, pirvel yovlisa, lados enamware epigramebi 

igulisxmeda _ imdroindeli qarTuli literaturuli 

sazogadoebis mTeli panorama, sakmaod sarkastuli TvaliT 

danaxuli. CvenSi iumors ase Tu ise itanen, magram ironias 

aravis patieben. egebis, amiTac aixsneba ladosTan ubrad 

myofTa momravlebuli ricxvi. 

lado asaTiani 1917 wlis 14 ianvars daibada da 1943 wlis 

23 ivniss gardaicvala. es ori TariRi Zalzed axloa erTmaneTTan 

_ igi daujereblad axalgazrda wavida am qveynidan, 

sul 26wlisa... mTeli misi memkvidreoba, rogorc vnaxeT, 

wignebi da leqsebis erTi rveuli iyo... am rveulma Cems 

Taobas siymawvileSi asaTianebis cisferi sarwyulis magivroba 

gauwia _ laJvardovani sivrce gadagvixsna. SemdgomSi, 

karga xnis ganmavlobaSi, lados leqsebis wigni ar gadagviSlia 

_ jer sxva poetebi, mere ki sxva problemebi daeuflnen 

Cvens warmosaxvas... 

axla, rodesac nostalgia mogveZaleba da kvlav vubrundebiT 

lado asaTianis wigns, raRac SiSnarevi grZnobiT 

49

vkiTxulobT, radgan bolomde darwmunebulni ara varT _ 

warixoca is Cveni siWabukisdroindeli romantizmi, Tu dar- 

Ca kidev misgan rame niSani... Tuki darCa, isev lado asaTians 

unda vumadlodeT, mas da masaviT uqrobi Sinagani cecxliT 

anTebul maradiul Wabukebs... 

damowmebani: 

agiaSvili 1961: agiaSvili n. Wabukebi darCnen marad. Tb.: gam-ba 

`sabWoTa mwerali~, 1961. 

asaTiani 1979: asaTiani l. erTtomeuli. Tb.: gam-ba `sabWoTa 

saqarTvelo~, 1979. 

mogonebebi 1987: àse ityvian Cemze...~ (mogonebebi lado asaTianze). 

Tb.: gam-ba “sabWoTa saqarTvelo”, 1987. 

50


lado asaTianis soneti da trioleti 

akaki xinTibiZe, lado asaTianis saleqso formebze saubrisas, 

aRniSnavs: `lado asaTianis dros evropidan Semosul 

myar saleqso formebs aRar mimarTavdnen, am fonze yurad- 

Rebas imsaxurebs `rusTavelis samare~, romelic tipuri 

trioletia rva taepiT, romlis I, IV da VII striqonebi urTierTidenturia, 

pirveli ori taepis boloSi ganmeorebiT da 

ori riTmiT (abaaabab)~. 

lado asaTianis leqsis mkvlevars yuradReba ar miuqcevia 

poetis sonetisaTvis `SevCenkos samSobloSi~. es soneti 

arc Cems monografiaSi (`soneti saqarTveloSi~, 2008) ar aris 

gaanalizebuli. misi àRmoCena~ levan bregaZis damsaxurebad 

unda miviCnioT, radgan swored misi redaqtorobiT gamomaval 

Jurnal `qarTul mwerlobaSi~ daibeWda metad saintereso 

publikacia: `warweriani egzemplarebi. lado asaTianis 

soneti da trioleti~. igi gvauwyebs, rom lado asaTianis 

pirvel wignSi `leqsebi~ (1940), romelic avtors simon CiqovanisaTvis 

uCuqebia 1941 wlis aprilSi, ipoves calke furcelze 

gadawerili soneti da trioleti (amJamad es wigni 

marika Ciqovanis diswulTan, liza gabuniasTan, inaxeba) 

(`qarTuli mwerloba~ 2006: 76-77). levan bregaZes did madlobas 

vuxdi Jurnal `qarTul mwerlobaSi~ gamoqveynebul, zemoTaRniSnul 

publikaciaze miTiTebis gamo, romlis gacnobis 

Sedegia swored Cemi es werilic. 

trioletis Taobaze ukve zemoT aRvniSne, soneti ki, rogorc 

vTqvi, dRemde aravian gauanalizebia versifikaciuli 

parametrebis mixedviT, Tumca igi Setanilia lado asaTianis 

erTtomeulSic (asaTiani 1979: 79). 

soneti `SevCenkos samSobloSi~ lado asaTians 1938 wels 

dauweria. igi ori katrenisa da ori tercetisagan Sedgeba. 

tercetebis riTmebia: ccd dee. katrenebis riTmebi ki rkaluria: 

abba; sazomi, tradiciulad, ToTxmetmarcvledia 

(5/4/5): 

`roca velebze dabrZandeba wiTlad daisi, 

midis qalwuli mis saflavTan natvris TvalebiT. 

mReris narnarad simRerebis gabrwyinvalebiT... 

irgvliv feradi yvavilebiT cekvavs maisi... 

ulamazesi, unazesi xmebi gaismis, 

51

52 

didi poetis ukvdavebas umRers yoveli, 

dudunebs dnepri _ boboqari, daudgromeli, 

imediani da cocxali, rogorc gaisi. 

amodis mTvare patarZalis turfa mSvenebis, 

mReris qalwuli ganabuli, xmagarindebiT 

da scviva cidan varskvlavebis margalitebi. 

qalwulTan erTad imRerian vrceli velebi 

rom maradia didebuli mgosnis saxeli — 

mSvenierebis, ukvdavebis gamomsaxveli~. 

ucnauri damTxvevaa: lado asaTianis am sonetSi taras 

SevCenkos ukvdavebas qalwulis simRerac uzrunvelyofs ise, 

rogorc oTar WilaZis 1969 wels daweril leqsSi, romelsac 

`tarasi~ hqvia da did ukrainel poets eZRvneba. poetis STagonebas 

taras SevCenkos Zegli da ukraineli gogona 

asazrdoebs: 

`dneprs gadmohyurebs brinjaos kaci, 

wyals iRebs Widan sofleli gogo, 

ver Cateula wyali WurWelSi 

da, rogorc mwvane da brma frinveli, 

daeZebs gogos frTebis tylaSuniT. 

dneprs gadmohyurebs brinjaos kaci... 

icinis gogo da miabijebs 

sakuTar mzeSi, 

sakuTar mzeSi da puris mtverSi — 

Tavisufali da jiSiani~. 

(WilaZe 1987: 489) 

lado asaTianis sonetis (`SevCenkos samSobloSi~) qalwulis 

`mRera~ da oTar WilaZis leqsis (`tarasis~) gogos `sicili~ 

maradiuli sicocxlis qebaTa qebaa da ori didi qarTveli 

poetis zeSTagonebis kanonzomieri, RvTiuri Sexvedra, 

rac mxolod namdvili mgosnebis xvedria. es, TavisTavad, Cveulebrivad, 

ucnauri, magram poeturi logikiT, sruliad gasagebi 

ambavia. ufro saintereso is aris, rom lado asaTianis 

erTaderTi trioletis Temac, Taviseburad, exmianeba lado 

asaTianis erTaderTi sonetis Sinaarss; SegaxsenebT: triolets 

`rusTavelis samare~ hqvia: 

`me bedauriT Cavuqrole mgosnis samares, 

vimxiarule, vigalobe Zmobis Sairi, 

vrcel tramalebze gavirbine fiqriT frTamaliT, 

me bedauriT Cavuqrole mgonis samares.

vnaxe mnaTobi, gabadruli saxe Tamaris 

da gazafxulis yvavilebi nairnairi, 

me bedauriT Cavuqrole mgonis samares 

vimxiarule, vigalobe Zmobis Sairi~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 59) 

sonetSic da trioletSic mgosanTa samareebs yvavilovan 

velebze umRerian STamomavalni. 

lado asaTians es trioleti 1937 wels dauweria, xolo 

soneti _ 1938 wels, erTi wlis mere. lado asaTiani, Cans, 

bevrs fiqrobda taras SevCenkos pirovnebasa da poeziaze. 

mis `CanawerebSi~ vkiTxulobT: `bagrickis `fiqri aTanaseze~ 

SevCenkos poemebs magonebs. bevri vikiTxe SevCenkos biografia 

da misi `dRiurebi~... `ra kargia akakis mogoneba Sev- 

Cenkoze~ (asaTiani 1979: 294-295). 

lado asaTianis cnobil `CanawerebSi~ rusTavelis Taobaze 

vkiTxulobT: èrTi arCeuli poeti ara myavs. yvelaze 

didi STabeWdileba Cemze òdiseam~ moaxdina. rusTavelze 

arafers vambob. misi leqsebi ise unda ikiTxo dila-saRamos, 

rogorc dilisa da saRamos Jams kiTxulobdnen berebi locvas, 

da sZlispirebiviT unda iRiRino jadosnuri striqonebi. 

yoveli qarTveli poeti ise unda ivsebdes pirsa da 

gonebas SoTas SairebiT, rogorc demosTeni ivsebda pirs 

kenWebiT, enabrgvilobis dasaZlevad!~ (asaTiani 1979: 261). 

lado asaTians, erT-erT yvelaze melodiur, tkbilxmovan 

poets qarTul poeziaSi, Tavis `CanawerebSic~ ar daumalavs 

Sinagani swrafva simReris Zalis dauflebisaken: `me 

vmReri da Semdeg vwer~. `simRera giJsac daaSoSminebs~, _ 

ùpasuxa tkbilqarTulad~ (asaTiani 1979: 264). `sikvdiliviT 

maradia survili / mTeli qveynis simRerebiT movlisa, _ 

galaktioniviT sul amaze vfiqrob~ (asaTiani 1979: 267). erTerT 

CanawerSi ki, sikvdilis momlodine poeti, SeniSnavs: 

`sul gareT da gaSlil haerze minda yofna, TiTqos male davxuWav 

Tvalebs da veRar vixilav Tbilisis zecas~ (asaTiani 

1979: 279). sxva qarTveli poetebis leqsebSic lado asaTiani 

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevda musikalur JReradobas. 

rafiel erisTavis taepebs ixsenebs: 

`qveynad veZebdi samoTxes, samxreTisaken edemsa, 

evfratis gaRma gavxede gadaxrukulsa qedebsa~, 

53

_ da dasZens: ès sami ga-ga-ga da eqvsi sa-sa-sa-sa-sa-sa — 

rusTavelisad JRers striqonebSi; kai ostati iyo swored 

Cveni moxuci rafieli~ (asaTiani 1979: 290). 

am werilis ZiriTadi ambavi lado asaTianis sonetisa da 

trioletis Tavgadasavalia, romelic poetis leqsad daweril 

anederZebsa da epitafias aerTianebs, myar saleqso 

formebSi moaqcevs; lado asaTians Tavisi soneti da trioleti 

poetis ukvdavebis simRerebad gadauqcevia: rusTavelisa 

da SevCenkos saxelebi ukvdav, myar saleqso formebSi 

Cauqsovia. 

XX s-is 30-iani wlebis bolos, socialisturi realizmis 

zeobis xanaSi, evropuli myari saleqso formebiT poeturi 

warmosaxvis warmoCena TiTqmis akrZaluli iyo, amitom Znelad 

gabedavda vinme, sonetiTa da trioletiT `moewonebina~ 

Tavi. lado asaTians erTaderTi arCevani hqonda: 

Tanamedrove qarTuli poeziisaTvis TiTqmis am, ukve mkvdari 

formebiT, mxolod winasasikvdilo ganwyobileba gamoexata, 

geniosi poetebis samare da Zegli Seemko da sakuTari, moaxloebuli 

gardacvalebis Semdeg leqsebSi darCenili maradiuli 

sicocxle ewinaswarmetyvelebina. sonetsa da triolets, 

sxva myar formebTan erTad, epitafiis funqciaRa dar- 

Cenoda XX s. 30-iani wlebis bolos. 

... 2009 wlis 27 maiss, SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis 

institutSi gamarTuli leqsmcodneobis III samecniero 

sesiis dros, romelic lado asaTians mieZRvna, poetis 

qaliSvilma, manana asaTianma, gadmomca valerian gafrindaSvilis 

sonet _ medalionis avtografi, romelic lado asa- 

Tianis meuRles _ aniko vaCnaZes _ uZRvna `cisferyanwel- 

Ta~ Soris yvelaze didma sonetistma. es soneti, bunebrivia, 

aqamde arsad gamoqveynebula: 

54 

valerian gafrindaSvili 

aniko vaCnaZes 

(saeqspromto soneti) 

besiks uyvarda Seni saxeli, 

igi CemTvisac aris poema! 

TiTqos simReris gamoZaxili, 

Seni tkbili xma smenas moeba.

xar eSxiT savse naRdi kaxeli. ∗ 

mogaqvs sinaze, umankoeba. 

Sen dagipyrobdnen mtkice maxviliT 

rom yofiliyo Zveli droeba. 

es Cemi leqsi — cudi Tu kargi, 

de, iyos SenTvis patara sarke; 

Sig Caixede, roca genebos, 

rom dainaxo Seni mSveneba: 

Seni xalebi da wamwamebi 

Savi Tvalebis daxamxamebiT. 

25 marti, 1940 weli 

`cisferyanwelTagan~ 1940 wels, samwuxarod, mxolod 

valerian gafrindaSvili, kolau nadiraZe da Salva afxaiZe 

Tu Cawerdnen albomSi amgvar ùwyinar~ sonet-medalionebs, 

ojaxuri poeturi saRamoebis dros wakiTxuls... val. gafrindaSvilis 

es sonetic amitom SemorCa TiTqmis 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi 

aniko vaCnaZis alboms, lado asaTianis lirikuli 

Sedevrebis avtografebTan erTad... 

damowmebani: 

asaTiani 1979: asaTiani l. erTtomeuli. Tb.: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa 


qarTuli mwerloba 2008: warweriani egzemplarebi. J. `qarTuli 

mwerloba, № 4, ivlis-agvisto, 2008. 

WilaZe 1987: WilaZe o. Txzulebani sam tomad. t. III, Tb.: gamomcemloba 

`sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1987. 

∗ xazgasma ekuTvnis avtors. 

55

56 

levan bregaZe 

lado asaTianis galeqsili epistoleebi 

galeqsili epistoles Janri uZveles warsulSi iRebs sa- 

Taves. galeqsil epistoleebs werdnen horaciusi, ovidiusi, 

bualo, volteri, popi, Sileri, goeTe, brexti, lomonosovi, 

sumarokovi, puSkini da sxvani. qarTul poeziaSi galeqsili 

epistole me-18 saukunidan gvxvdeba. mis avtorTa Soris 

arian zaqaria gabaSvili (besikis mama), mas ekuTvnis giorgi 

batoniSvilisadmi astraxanidan miwerili galeqsili epistole, 

romelic, aleqsandre baramiZis sityviT, èrT-erTi 

upirvelesi da umniSvnelovanesi Zeglia satiruli Janrisa 

Zvel qarTul poeziaSi~ (baramiZe 1952: 354); cnobilia besikisa 

da mirian batoniSvilis mimowera galeqsili epistoleebiT; 

rostom raWis erisTavs orjer gaugzavnia solomon 

pirvelisTvis Seuracxmyofeli werili leqsad; gavixsenoT 

agreTve paolo iaSvilis `werili dedas~ da `werili kolau 

nadiraZes~. 

magram zemoT dasaxelebul avtorTa galeqsili epistoleebis 

umravlesoba mxolod formalurad aris epistole, 

da maTSic, romlebic realurad arsebuli, avtoris Tanamedrove 

adresatebisadmia gagzavnili, lirika, publicistika, 

didaqtikuri, literaturul-Teoriuli an filosofiuri 

motivebi Warbobs, ris gamoc isini am avtorTa `Cveulebrivi~ 

leqsebis gverdiT ibeWdeba. lado asaTianis epistoleebi ki 

leqsad dawerili namdvili mokiTxvis baraTebia (iseve rogorc 

besikisa da mirian batoniSvilis mimowera). es aris maTi 

Tavisebureba (specifika). amitom, da, Cveni azriT, savsebiT 

marTebuladac, 1979 wels gamocemul erTtomeulSi isini werilebis 

ganyofilebaSia Setanili (Cveulebriv mokiTxvis 

baraTs Zalian uaxlovdeba p. iaSvilis `werili kolau nadiraZes~, 

rasac ver vityviT missave leqsze `werili dedas~, 

iseve rogorc sergei eseninis amave saTauris leqsze). 

erTtomeulSi 7 galeqsili epistolea Sesuli: nika 

agiaSvilisadmi miwerili 3 werili, kolau nadiraZisadmi 

miwerili 2 werili, alioSa sajaiasa da dimitri benaSvilisadmi 

gagzavnili TiTo baraTi. xuTi maTgani Tavidan bolomde 

riTmiani leqsiTaa Sesrulebuli. nika agiaSvilisadmi 

miwerili ori baraTi ki leqsad iwyeba, magram prozauli 

teqstiT mTavrdeba.

Svidive 16-marcvliani SairiT aris Sesrulebuli _ 2 

(kolau nadiraZisadmi miwerili) dabali SairiT, xolo danar- 

Ceni 5 _ maRali SairiT. 

Svidive iumoristuli maneriT aris SeTxzuli. isic ki, 

romelsac nika agiaSvils 1939 wels jarSi myofi ugzavnis da 

samSoblos moSorebis sevdiT gamsWvaluli striqonebiT iwyeba, 

iumoristuli pasaJiT bolovdeba: 

`hau, rezo margiano, netav axla saiTa xar? 

dagamunjebs, gagafuWebs, nu aiReb Cais staqans. 

au, koki sajaiav, Cemma xmam rom gagaoca, 

margianic SeaCvie Sens sayvarel kakaosa~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 347) 

iumoristuli efeqtis misaRwevad nairgvari saSualebebia 

gamoyenebuli am werilebSi. erTgan lado adresats im 

oinis Sesaxeb mouTxrobs, rac megobrebTan erTad Caudenia. 

kerZod, alioSa sajaias atyobinebs rogor Seakowiwes sxvadasxva 

poetebis striqonebis gamoyenebiT leqsi, romelic 

leo kiknaZem (Semdgom cnobilma enaTmecnierma) karlo 

kalaZes miarTva `mnaTobSi~ gamosaqveyneblad. karlom ki, 

romelic ver mixvda oins, `damwyeb poets~ seriozulad 

urCia, axalgazrda xar, sxvebis gavlenebs ganicdi, da, modi, 

jer `Cvens TaobaSi~ daibeWde da mere, imedia, saCveno leqsebsac 

dawero. leo kiknaZes Cinebulad gauTamaSebia megobrebis 

mier misTvis dakisrebuli es roli: 

`leom dinjad moismina darigeba Wkvianuri 

da mere Cven mogvaSura miseburi siaruliT... 

vicinodiT, icinodnen da sicili yvelas surda. 

simonma Tqva: àm daRupuls Cemi leqsi gauqurdavs~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 370-371) 

werilebs saxaliso sakiTxavs xdis megobarTa iumoristuli 

daxasiaTebani, Taviseburi megobruli SarJebi. nika 

agiaSvils swers bardnaladan quTaisSi: 

`Salikosac miesalme, quTaisel `kosandiles~, 

Sens Tanxaze welgamarTuls, Seni TanxiT mosadiles~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 335) 

(~Saliko _ Salva koxoZe _ Jurnalisti da pedagogi. gazeT 

`stalinelis~ redaqciis maSindeli TanamSromeli. dai- 

57

Rupa germaneli faSistebis tyvaTa banakSi~ [n. agiaSvilis 

komentari]). 

alioSa sajaiasadmi Tbilisidan samegreloSi gagzavnil 

baraTSi aseTi striqonebia: 

58 

`givi isev dagvibrunda cilindriT da inglisuriT, 

ise dava rusTavelze, gegoneba didi suli~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 369) 

(givi _ inglisuridan mTargmneli, Semdgom profesori 

givi gaCeCilaZe). 

kolau nadiraZes atyobinebs: 

ìm Cvens ioseb mWedliSvils, icnob, rom kritikosia? 

qarTuls uwunebs martvili gamsaxurdia kowias. 

gaCumdes, Torem kowiam xalxi Tu miswi-moswia, 

gadaaviwyebs iosebs nadirsaklavad wowials~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 372) 

(literator ioseb mWedliSvils, romelic Coxa-axaluxiT 

dadioda da nadirobis moyvaruli iyo, aRizianebda k. 

gamsaxurdias weris manera. am niadagze maTi groteskuli 

duelis ambavi, nika agiaSvilis damowmebiT, moTxrobili aqvs 

soso siguas k. gamsaxurdias Sesaxeb daweril naSromSi. _ 

sigua 2003: 217-218). 

kolau nadiraZisadmi gagzavnil meore epistoleSi 

vkiTxulobT: 

àba vin Tqva, rom moxucda da welSi gaizniqao, 

ocdaaTi wlis mdivani agiaSvili nikao, 

ase amboben, TiTqosda — ne priznaiot nikavo, 

tyvilia, isev bijgiviT dgas, sadac Cven varT, iqao, 

Tumca amqveynad sakmaod ixtuna, iCindrikao~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 373-374) 

nika agiaSvils mimarTavs: 

`me gigzavni am masalebs, Sen ici da gulma Senma, 

Sen ici da Senma mklavma, Senma JRalma ulvaSebma~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 336) 

amave werilSi vkiTxulobT: 

`redaqcias mivaSure, ar yofila carieli, 

Sens adgilze petre ijda ise, rogorc salieri, 

`vidi~ hqonda axovani, welSi iyo ganieri~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 336)

(petre _ petre baxturiZe [nika agiaSvilis komentari]). 

dimitri benaSvils swers abasTumnidan 1940 wels: 

`Sen kaci xar, kargad ici, bulions rom yaurma jobs, 

Sens vaJkacur siTamames _ Sens biWobas gaumarjos~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 376) 

am poetur megobrul SarJebs, romlebSic saxalisod aris 

gadmocemuli poetis nacnob-megobarTa garegnuli Tu Sinagani 

damaxasiaTebeli Strixebi da Tvisebebi, `winapari~ besikisa 

da mirian batoniSvilis mier erTmaneTisadmi miweril 

galeqsil epistoleebSi eZebneba (besiki 1962: 88-92; 254-256). 

TviTdaxasiaTeba da TviTironiac gvxvdeba am werilebSi: 

`gwers umcrosi megobari, vladimera dardimandi~, _ 

mimarTavs nika agiaSvils (asaTiani 1979: 336); 

alioSa sajaias atyobinebs, nika agiaSvili gvamaTraxebs 

da gvabiTurebs, did winapar poetebs ver SeedrebiTo: 

`rom Cveni xma, rogorc maTi, ise magrad dRes ar ismis 

(netav leqsi ar mewera, mimebaZa `slesarisTvis~). 

(asaTiani 1979: 370) 

iumoristuli ganwyobilebis Seqmnas emsaxureba saxumaro 

damuqreba: 

`miTxar: gogim Cemi leqsi Tu gadasca memanqanes, 

Torem moval agvistoSi, Zmao nika, me maqane, 

basr satevars davikaveb da `mtrisaken~ Sevaqaneb~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 334) 

(gogi _ giorgi jiblaZe [nika agiaSvili komentari]). 

anda aseTi saxaliso gafrTxileba, nika agiaSvilisadmi 

miwerili: 

àxkomSiac~ Seiare, magrad wadi, ar daece~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 336) 

xumroba-xumrobiT Tavisi samwerlo saqmeebis mogvarebasac 

cdilobs: 

`da vugzavni gogis ìm~ leqss, waikiTxeT, Cemo niko, 

Tu raime ekuTvnodes, Tu raimes Rirsi iyos... 

Sen sabavSvo leqss gigzavni, gaugzavne igi margos, 

iqneb Jurnals gamoadges, dabeWdon da rame argos~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 134-135) 

59

(margo _ mwerali da Jurnalisti margo TomaZe, imJamad 

Jurnal `pioneris~ redaqtori [nika agiaSvilis komentari]). 

anda: 

60 

`me kargad var, dimitrijan, mxolod erTi unda gTxovo: 

Cemi leqsi sul dabeWde, nomeri ar gamotovo~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 375) 

es literaturuli forma _ galeqsili da iumoriT Sezavebuli 

epistole _ karg saSualebas iZleva adresatis mimarT 

mware guliswyroma da sayveduri ise gamoxato, rom amis 

Sedegad ziani ar miadges (an naklebi ziani miadges) masTan 

pirad urTierTobas: 

dimitri benaSvilisadmi 1940 wels abasTumnidan gamogzavnil 

epistoleSi vkiTxulobT: 

`gamigrZelda, magram erTi unda giTxra mainc naRdad: 

rogorc vatyob, yvela kai dRes kavSiris wevri gaxda. 

da me nuTu mTlad glaxa var, rom damtoves ase saxtad, 

Cemi Wkua da goneba nuTu ase gaqesatda? 

es ise vTqvi, sxvaTa Soris, mZuls amgvari briyvulebi, 

sad mcalia, leqsebs vmReri, bunebaSi viyurebi. (...) 

es ise vTqvi, radgan suli aRelda da aTakarda, 

me sxva ar mwams araferi, yvela fexze damexlarTa, 

saqarTvelos, firosmanis, poeziis, leqsis garda. 

ase icis ganSorebam, cxeli gulis gaxurebam, 

ar gewyinos, dimitrijan, es leqsi da gaxumreba~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 375-376) 

(`yvela fexze damexlarTa~ _ evfemizebuli variantia 

gamoTqmisa _ `yvela fexze mkidia~). 

xalisiani ganwyobilebis Seqmnas didad uwyobs xels 

onomastikonis (sakuTri saxelebis) gatana sariTmo sityvad: 

`salami da gamarjveba quTaisis quCis palmebs. 

salami da gamarjveba: gogis, petres, platons, parmens~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 334); 

`sxva... rac kacis gulSi aris, ase male vin aCvenos, 

kargad iyav da, rac gTxove, Semisrule, nika Cemo~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 335) 

ìmis gverdiT, rogorc kanti _ geniosTa geniosi, 

ganierad morTxmuliyo `zasluJoni~ eliozi,

iqiT kidev, siRrmisaken, saxeebi ariJraJdnen: 

Canda gogi saqmianad, iqve racxas Txzavda raJden. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Cems magivrad CamoarTvi xeli parmen Selegias, 

da usurve warmateba, sicocxle da energia~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 336) 

`zogi moRvawe prospeqtze mTvraliviT iwyebs borials, 

aq verc sulavas Sexvdebi da verc CxeiZe borias~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 372) 

`viciT momxmare gWirdebaT, saqme rom daabolavoT, 

Cvenc gamogyvebiT, ar gawyens aseT Svilebis yolao, 

Sen gagimarjos, mxolod Sen, funagoristo kolau!~ 

(asaTiani 1979: 373) 

`mravali Seni Zmakaci dasaxmareblad migelis, 

zog-zogebisgan Cagruli ase ambobda miqeli: 

damexmarevi, kolau, erTi sikeTe miqeni, 

klasikos-gamomcemelni ganmikicx-ganmiqiqeni~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 372) 

(`miqeli~ poeti da mTargmneli miqel patariZea, `klasikos-gamomcemlebad~ 

cota zemoT akaki gawerelia, iakob balaxaSvili, 

Salva demetraZe da konstantine WanturiSvili 

(Wantura) arian dasaxelebulni: `dReidan kacs ar davuTmobT, 

dRemde Tu mravals vuTmobdiT: / arc kako gawerelias, 

arc balaxaSvils zemelels, / demetraZes da Wanturas, klasikos-gamomcemelebs~). 

valter kilis `literaturis leqsikonSi~ vkiTxulobT, 

rom leqsad daweril epistoleebs `Seefereba saSualo 

stili. poeturi epistole msubuq, bunebriv, Seulamazebel 

tons moiTxovs~ (kili 1998: 226). 

lado asaTianis galeqsili epistoleebis tonic aseTia. 

rac Seexeba stils, igi saSualoze dabalia (`mesame stilia~), 

rac imiTaa gamowveuli, rom qarTveli poetis es 

epistoleebi, ZiriTadad, saxumaro kiloze SeTxzuli namdvili 

mokiTxvis baraTebia da im poeturi epistoleebisgan gansxvavebiT, 

romelsac kilis leqsikoni gulisxmobs, mkiTxvel- 

Ta farTo wrisTvis ar aris gankuTvnili. 

dabali stili lado asaTianis galeqsil epistoleebSi 

upirveles yovlisa Tavs iCens leqsikur doneze: mravlad 

gvxvdeba dialeqtizmebi da barbarizmebi da esec iumoristuli 

efeqtis gaZlierebas emsaxureba. 

61

62 

dialeqtizmebi: 

`Torem moval agvistoSi, Zmao nika, me maqane~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 334); 

`jer iqine deibeWde, da mere ki CvenTan moxval!~ 

(asaTiani 1979: 370); 

`damexmarevi, kolau, erTi sikeTe miqeni~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 372). 

barbarizmebi: 

`xom ici, ra biWebi varT, ra anglebi da xitrebi~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 373) 

`vidi~ hqonda axovani, welSi iyo ganieri~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 336) 

`netav leqsi ar mewera, mimebaZa `slesarisTvis~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 370) 

`ganierad morTxmuliyo `zasluJoni~ eliozi~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 336) 

`dagamunjebs, gagafuWebs, nu aiReb Cais staqans~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 347) 

òcdaaTi wlis mdivani agiaSvili nikao, 

ase amboben, TiTqosda — ne priznaiot nikavo~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 373). 

amave mizniT berZnul, somxur da rusul leqsikas besikic 

mimarTavs mirian batoniSvilisadmi miweril galeqsil 

epistoleSi: 

àios Teos, aios~ _ amas xSirad xmobs gaios, 

stefana utiracuebs, Seawyobs taRis xmaios~. 

(besiki 1962: 88) 

`sxva poslaniksa sisxlsa sTxovs, WirSi hyavs 

danamkvnesia~. 

(besiki 1962: 88)

[àios Teos, aios~ _ `wmidao RmerTo, wmidao~ (berZnulad), 

ùtiracuebs~ _ udiakvnebs (somxurad), `poslaniks~ _ 

elCs (rusulad)]. 

da bolos riTma. 

lado asaTianis am werilebSi riTmac monawileobs iumoristuli 

ganwyobilebis SeqmnaSi. amisaTvis poeti sagangebod 

mravalmarcvlian, kalamburul, sityvis TamaSTan 

miaxloebul riTmebs qmnis: dRes ar ismis : `slesarisTvis~; 

axalgazrdav : aRar gastans; zixar isev : sixalise; yaurma 

jobs : gaumarjos; Tavi stambols : davistambo; cas qebiT : 

`carskebi~ da misT. 

* * * 

Tanamedroveni lado asaTians maxvilgonier da enamware 

ymawvilkacad axasiaTeben (erT leqsSi TviTonac ambobs: 

`maSin Cemgvari enamwarenic ver gahkilavdnen Zvel silamazes~. 

_ asaTiani 1979: 125). nika agiaSvilis gadmocemiT: 

`tyuilubralod aravis hkadrebda erT Sebrunebul sityvasac 

ki, magram Tu vinmes raime sasacilos SeamCnevda, aq ukve 

daundobeli iyo da misi qilika ena bevrs moxvedria mware 

SoltiviT~ (asaTiani 1979: 15). 

poetis xasiaTis am Tvisebam, misi cnobili `funagoriebis~ 

garda, galeqsil epistoleebSic iCina Tavi, amitom maT 

gamoqveynebas didi mniSvneloba hqonda lado asaTianis bunebis, 

misi niWis TaviseburebaTa ufro srulad warmoCenisaTvis. 

am epistoleebma, romlebic, rusTvelis klasifikaciiT, 

`mesame leqsis~ anu `salaRobod, amxanagTa saTrevelad~ Seqmnil 

teqstTa kategoriaSi ewerebian, garda imisa, rom 

mniSvnelovnad gaamdidra qarTuli iumoristikuli poezia, 

imdroindeli literaturuli cxovrebis mravali kolorituli 

detali da e. w. èpoqis surnelic~ Semogvinaxa. 

damowmebani: 

asaTiani 1979: asaTiani lado. erTtomeuli. Tb.: 1979. 

baramiZe 1952: baramiZe al. narkvevebi, t. III. Tb.: 1952. 

besiki 1962: besiki. Txzulebani. `sabWoTa mwerali~, Tb.: 1962. 

kili 1998: Literaturlexikon, herausgegeben von Walther Killy, Band 13. 

Directmedia, Berlin, 1998. Digitale Bibliothek, Band 9. 

sigua 2003: sigua s. martvili da alamdari. t. 1, Tb.: 2003. 

63

64 

lado asaTianis yayaCo 

indira gadilia 

poeziaSi simboloebis gamoyenebas xangrZlivi istoria 

aqvs. 

Soreul warsulSi, rasac ki xedavdnen, yvelafers simbolur 

mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen. `simboloebi moicavda 

mTel samyaros, simboloebad gaiazreboda usulo sagnebi, 

mcenareebi, adamiani, kosmosi, angelozebi da TviT RvTaebac. 

iwereboda wignebi, romlebic simboloebs ganmartavdnen. 

saganTa simbolika mravalferovani iyo~ (siraZe 1982: 77). 

mravalferovan simbolikaTa Soris yvavili gansakuTrebulia. 

igi gamoxatavs silamazes, siyvaruls, sixaruls, 

srulyofilebas, siwmindes, daRvril sisxls... 

`vardis mxatvrul gaazrebas umniSvnelovanesi adgili 

uWiravs mcenareTa miTologiur saxeebs Soris, amitom yoveli 

didi Semoqmedis mxatvrul-saazrovno sistemaSi vards, 

rogorc Sedarebas, rogorc epiTets, metaforas, simbolos 

da alegoriuli gamosaxvis saSualebas gansakuTrebuli datvirTva 

akisria~ (sulava 2002: 137). 

vardi _ bunebis es umSvenieresi qmnileba _ poeziaSi uxsovari 

droidan damkvidrda da siyvarulisa da silamazis 

simbolod gvevlineba. 

`vefxistyaosani~ msoflio poeziis mier mopovebuli vardis 

simboloebis rezervuaria, romelsac dakisrebuli aqvs 

gamoxatos `sityvis silamaze~, esa Tu is sulieri gancda, 

Zlieri vnebaTa Relva an maRali idea~ (nadiraZe 1958: 353). 

yvavilTa simbolikas TavianT SemoqmedebaSi mimarTavdnen: 

rusTaveli, Teimuraz pirveli, besiki, al. WavWavaZe, n. 

baraTaSvili, a. wereTeli, i. WavWavaZe, vaJa-fSavela, g. 

tabiZe... da, saerTod, Znelad moiZebneba iseTi poeti, romlis 

poeturi Cangi bunebis am faqizi da ulamazesi qmnilebis 

siturfes ar aeJRerebinos. TiToeulma poetma Taviseburad 

aRiqva da gaasuliera igi. 

cnobilia besikis nargizi, vaJa-fSavelas samyaros kuTvnilebaa 

ia da pirimze, galaktionis _ atmis yvavilebi, anas 

_ iasamani, lados _ yayaCoebi. 

qalis garegnuli silamazis gadmosacemad, lado asaTianma 

vardic gamoiyena. 

vardi, rogorc umaRlesi mSvenierebis simbolo:

èrisTvis qalo, fiqalo, 

adre damWknaro vardo~. 

(`manana orbelianis suraTze~) 

vardi siwmindis, sifaqizis simbolo: 

`me poeti var da quCis loTi, 

Sen ki, maisis vardiviT wminda~. 

(`sparsel asuls~) 

Tu vardis simbolo qarTuli poeziis mdidari tradiciebiT 

iyo nasazrdoebi, yayaCos mxatvruli saxe, SeiZleba 

Tamamad iTqvas, lado asaTianis monapovaria, misi lirikis 

meSveobiT damkvidrda erovnul mwerlobaSi. lado asaTianis 

leqsebSi yayaCo Tavganwiruli siyvarulis, rainduli Tavdadebis, 

gauxunari grZnobis simbolod gvevlineba. 

yayaCoebi Wrilobidan momdinare sisxlis wveTebiviT gabneulan 

poetis leqsebSi da, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi poeturi 

Ziebis nayofia, bunebrivi da organuli gveCveneba. 

`patara niWis poets iSviaTad axasiaTebs sityvis gansakuTrebuli 

Zieba. saamiso paTosi mas ara aqvs, is yovelTvis 

kmayofili darCeba, Tu man SeZlo leqsSi Tavisi azris zedmiwevniTi 

sisworiT gamoxatva. sityvis Ziebis dros poeti SeiZleba 

sruliad moulodnelad gamdidrdes, ise rogorc avantiuristi... 

sityvebis Zebnis procesSi poetis azrma SeiZleba 

sruliad axali ganaTeba miiRos~, _ werda k. WiWinaZe 

(WiWinaZe 1979: 105). 

swored amgvarad anaTeben lado asaTianis leqsebs 

poetis mier mopovebuli yayaCoebi: 

`Zvelad aq jarebs uxmobdnen, 

dafdafiTa da bukiTa, 

axla yayaCo Semomxvda 

lamazi qalis SuqiTa. 

Semomxvda, SemomanaTa, 

CinCxlebi Semomayara, 

aluCa-tyemlis Semosvla 

da gazafxuli maxara...~ 

(`yayaCo~) 

warsulis feriscvalebis mxatvrul-saxeobrivi gaazreba, 

_ sadac tragikul simZimes lirikis simsubuqe cvlis, _ 

65

ukeTesad warmodgena Znelia. yayaCo _ lamazi qalis SuqiT 

gasxivosnebuli axali sicocxlis simbolod gvevlineba. 

lado asaTianis yayaCo maradiuli axalgazrdobis, sike- 

Tis, sicocxlis simbolocaa. poetma myar metaforad aqcia 

Tavis leqsebSi `yayaCo _ lamazi qalis Suqi~, rac momavlis, 

sicocxlis gagrZelebis sawindrad unda iqces. qvecnobierma, 

Zlierma impulsma, sicocxlis siyvarulma moaZebnina poets 

sisxlisa da siyvarulis tolfardi yvavili: 

66 

`hei, Zmobilo, Sexede, ramdeni yayaCo gaSlila!.. 

rac ufliscixes gamovcdiT ufro da ufro gaxSirda; 


gzaSi yayaCos Sexvedra sikeTed dagvebedeba... 

modi, Cven esec vikmaroT da sxva dideba nu gvinda, 

yayaCom Tu mogvanaTos lamazi qalis SuqiTa!~ 

(`qarTlis gzaze~) 

yvavilis personificireba lamazi qalis brwyinvalebas- 

Tan misi dakavSireba gadajaWvulia sikeTesTan. klasikuri, 

apolonuri, harmoniuli saxismetyveleba _ sikeTisa da silamazis 

erTianobisa _ formisa da Sinaarsis daunawevrebloba, 

ganuyofloba, saerTod, lado asaTianis poeziis arss 

warmoadgens. mTliani monoliTuri suli raindi poetisa ar 

cnobs sulisa da sxeulis sabediswero gancalkeveba-dapirispirebas. 

yvavili, rogorc xiluli gamoxatuleba uxilavi 

Sinagani mdgomareobisa, statikuri, uZravi, usulo sagani ki 

ar aris, aramed moZravi, qmediTi, dinamikuri procesis warmmarTveli. 

dinamikuri vnebiTi gvaris zmnebi: èfineba~, èdeba~ 

strofuli monakveTis bolos moqmedebiTi gvaris zmniT: 

`mogvanaTos~ formiT icvleba da yayaCos nazi rxeva mTel 

leqss amoZravebs da acocxlebs. 

yayaCo xom mindvris yvavilia, warmavali silamazis gamoxatulebac 

(`...yvavili velTa warmavali da daudgromeli~) 

da maradiuli mSvenierebis konkretuli gansaxierebac. 

lirikaSi sityviT xorcSesxmuli grZnoba, emocia, moZraoba 

ajamebs da aerTianebs calkeul detalebs. ase iqmneba 

harmonia, yvelaferi es saSualebaa, xolo mizani — mxatvruli 

ideis srulyofili ganxorcieleba. 

g. asaTiani wers: `lado asaTians ekuTvnis ramdenime poeturi 

saxe, romelic mudam ielvarebs qarTul sityvakazmul 

mwerlobaSi.

amden poets awvalebda qarTlis vel-mindvrebze xanZariviT 

abrialebuli patara mewamuli yvavilis xilva, ramdeni 

Tvali moutacnia mis Seudarebel silamazes!.. 

yayaCos Suqi poetisaTvis Cvens miwa-wyalze daRvrili 

madlis kdemamosilebis da, masTan erTad, rainduli gznebis 

simboloc iyo~ (asaTiani 1988: 439). 

`krwanisis yayaCoebSi~ avtori aSkarad xsnis Tavis metaforul-simbolur 

saxes: 

`...SavCoxiano vaJkaco, Wriloba xom ar Segxsnia! 

es sisxli aris, Tu marTla yayaCoebis cecxlia? 

`...Tu arc yayaCos cecxlia da arc axali iara, 

ma es beberi krwanisi ra Zalam aabdRvriala?~ 

(`krwanisis yayaCoebi~) 

lado asaTiani samasi lomguli vaJkacis saflavTan iyris 

muxls da yayaCoebis cecxliT àabdRvrialebs~, acocxlebs 

ara marto `beber krwaniss~, igi gmirebis Seuxorcebel, mou- 

SuSebel Wrilobebze, iarebze miapyrobs Cvens mzeras. 

amgvarad, qristes Wrilobebidan gadmoRvril sisxlis 

wveTebze aRmocenebuli yvavilis (yayaCos) romantikul-simbolisturi 

xati lado asaTianma daamkvidra Cvens poeziaSi. 

damowmebani: 

asaTiani 1988: asaTiani g. saukunis poetebi. Tb.: gamomcemloba 

`merani~, 1988. 

nadiraZe 1958: nadiraZe g. rusTavelis esTetika. Tb.: 1958. 

siraZe 1982: siraZe r. saxismetyveleba. Tb.: gamomcemloba 

`xelovneba~, 1982: 

sulava 2002: sulava n. `galaktionis vardTmetyveleba~. 

galaktionologia, , Tb.: 2002. 

WiWinaZe 1979: WiWinaZe k. aliteracia qarTul SairSi. Tb.: 

gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1979. 

67

68 

manana gelaSvili 

`samyaro qviSis marcvalSi~ _ lado asaTianis 

poeziis erTi Taviseburebis Sesaxeb 

`qviSis marcvalSi danaxuli samyaro~ _ erTi striqonia 

ingliseli romantikosi poetisa da mxatvris uiliam bleikis 

leqsidan, romelic poeziis mravalgvari ganmartebidan, 

erT-erT saukeTesod SeiZleba CaiTvalos. qviSis marcvalSi 

_ mTeli samyaros danaxvisa da datevis unari, an mindvris 

yvavilSi _ zecis, rogorc bleiki imave leqsSi wers, poeziis 

erT-erT umTavres Tvisebas usvams xazs _ es Tviseba misi 

tevadobaa, ufro konkretulad ki _ mxatvruli saxis, 

poeturi xatis tevadoba. 

poeturi saxis erT-erT umTavres daniSnulebas: azrisa 

da grZnobisaTvis eqternaluri saxis micema, sagnobriv, 

xilvad formaSi moqceva warmoadgens. Tavisi vizualuri da 

bgeriTi maxasiaTeblebiT igi leqsSi garkveul ganwyobas 

warmoqmnis, xolo Tavisi ganmeorebadobis wyalobiT 

laitmotivis funqciasac asrulebs da amiT leqss 

kompoziciurad kravs. amasTanave, rac ufro moulodneli da 

amdenad gaucveTelia poeturi xati miT ufro Zlieria misi 

emociuri zegavlena mkiTxvelze, xolo misi tevadoba 

mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs leqsis siRrmesa da 

mravalniSnadobas. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom poeturi xati swored Tavisi ganumeoreblobis 

wyalobiT aris Rirebuli, mainc SesaZlebelia 

garkveuli kanonzomierebisa da saerTo maxasiaTeblis mo- 

Zebna. amgvar gamaerTianebels, romelzec SeTanxmdebodnen 

sruliad gansxvavebuli esTetikuri mrwamsis sxvadasxva epoqisa 

da mimarTulebis poetebica da kritikosebic, poeturi 

xatovanebis mravalniSnadoba, misi `Riaoba~ warmoadgens. 

jer kidev rodis werda inglisuri romantizmis yvelaze 

mniSvnelovani Teoretikosi semuel teilor kolriji, rom 

poeturi warmosaxvis saSualebiT konkretulSi _ zogadi, 

warmavalSi _ maradiuli, SeiZleba warmoisaxos simboluri 

xatis saSualebiT. 

XX saukunis modernizmis erT-erTi kanonmdebeli tomas 

eliotic, romelic romantizmis esTetikisadmi arcTu maincadamainc 

keTilganwyobili iyo, poeziis umTavres Rirsebad 

poeturi xatis aradekoratiulobasa da RrmadniSnadobas

usvams xazs (romelsac igi metafizikos poetTa SemoqmedebaSi, 

kerZod, jon donis poeziaSi xedavs). elioti werda: 

`Cveulebrivi adamianis gancdebi qaoturia: araregularuli 

da fragmentuli. mas uyvars, spinozas kiTxulobs da am or 

gancdas erTmaneTTan araferi aqvs saerTo, miT umetes araferi 

aqvs saerTo sabeWdi manqanis xmasTan an im sunTan saWmlis 

keTebisas rom damdgara. poetis gonebaSi ki yvela amgvari 

gancda axal mTlianobas warmoqmnis~ (elioti 1975: 64) ase, 

rom miuxedavad gansxvavebuli esTetikuri mrwamsisa, poeturi 

xatis mravalniSnadobaze orive Tanxmdeba. 

poeturi saxis mravalniSnadobas xazs usvamdnen simbolistebic. 

bodleri Tavis erT-erT saprogramo leqsSi `Sesatyvisobani~ 

bunebas simboloTa tyes adarebs, xolo poezias 

ki im `Sesatyvisobebis~, Ziebad miiCnevs, romelic fers, 

bgeras, sagansa da sityvas Soris arsebobs da romelic mxolod 

simboloTi SeiZleba gamoisaxos. simbolo tevadia da 

yovel konkretul mxatvrul saxeSi, moiazreba imdeni ram, 

realurica da transcendentulic, romelsac Tu logikur 

cnebebSi CavdebT, amiT mis sugesturobasa da niSnadobas 

mxolod meqanikurad SevkvecaT da gavaRaribebT, radgan 

matvruli saxe `Riaobas~ dakargavs. rogorc, magaliTad, 

imis Tqma, rom bodleris àlbatrosi~ poetis da misi poeturi 

aRmafrenis simboloa, xolo `mTvrali xomaldi~ rembos 

poeturi mogzaurobis, `zmanebis~ fantasmagoriuli xati, 

mxolod imas niSnavs, rom arafersac ar vambobT am nawarmoebebze. 

amitom poetur saxeze msjeloba, umjobesia, imas 

emsaxurebodes, rom misi mravalniSnadoba da is asociaciuri 

bmebi warmoCndes, rac ama Tu im leqss rTul da RrmadniSnad 

mTlianobad aqcevs 

es mcire zomis statia swored amas isaxavs miznad: dasavleT 

evropuli naazrevis konteqstSi CavsvaT da warmovadginoT 

lado asaTianis poeziis erTi mxare: mis poetur 

xatTa iSviaTi siRrme da tevadoba, radgan amgvar konteqstSi 

ukeT warmoCndeba misi adgilica da Rirsebac. 

erT-erTi umTavresi poeturi saxe, romelic meyseulad 

amotivtivdeba yoveli adamianis gonebaSi, vinc lado 

asaTianis poezias kargad icnobs _ yayaCoa, romelic Tavisi 

mSvenierebiTa da siaxliT gamaognebel STabeWdilebas axdens. 

igi xan lamazi qalis SuqiT SemoanaTebs poets (`qarTlis 

gzaze~), misi feri xan cecxlTan asocirdeba, xan sisxl- 

Tan. xolo yayaCoebis cecxliT abrialebuli warsuli (`krwanisis 

yayaCoebi~), mSvenierebasTan erTad, itevs tragizmsac 

69

da omaxian SeZaxilsac, rac lado asaTianis poeziis erT-erT 

gamorCeul xibls warmoqmnis: 

70 

Tu arc yayaCos cecxlia da arc axali iara, 

ma es beberi krwanisi ra Zalam aabdRvriala?! 

(asaTiani 1979: 117) 

XX saukunis erT-erTi yvelaze daxvewili mwerali da 

kritikosi virjinia vulfi jon donis poeziaze SeniSnavda, 

rom misi poeturi xatis Zalmosileba aris mis unarSi ùmoklesi 

gziT~, àfeTqebiT~ Segviyvanos leqsis poetur samyaroSi 

da amiT waruSleli STabeWdileba moaxdinos (vulfi 

1966: 187). donis poeziaze dayrdnobiT, vulfi am Tvisebas, 

zogadad, STambeWdavi poeturi saxis ganuyofel Tvisebad 

miiCnevs, romelic yvela met-naklebad mniSvnelovan poetur 

nawarmoebSi sxvadasxva xarisxiTa xorcieldeba. vfiqrob, 

lado asaTianis citrebuli striqonebi, swored amgvari 

àfeTqebis efeqtiT~ xasiaTdeba. 

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, poeturi saxe `Riaa~, rac imas 

niSnavs, rom igi ufaqizesi ZafebiT ukavSirdeba sxva saxeebs 

imave poetur samyaroSi; erTsa da imave dros, igi realurad 

arsebul vizualur xatsac moicavs da am xatis fsiqologiur 

transformaciasac. poeturi xati xSirad, erTi mxriv, Tvi- 

Ton exmianeba ukve arsebul tradicias da, meore mxriv, Tvi- 

Tonac iqceva impulsad axal saxeTa qmnadobis, riTac monawile 

xdeba im mudmivi dialogis, romelSic yvela Rirebuli 

poetia CarTuli. 

amgvari dialogis erT-erT saukeTeso nimuSs murman 

lebaniZis Semoqmedeba warmoadgens, romelmac 1986 wels 

gamocemuli lado asaTianis `rCeulis~ winasityvaobaSi ara 

mxolod pirvelma SeniSna am poturi saxis gamorCeuloba 

(`1940 wels, ocdameoTxe welSi gadamdgars, lado asaTians 

qarTul poeziaSi Semohyavs yayaCos xati simbolod daRvrili 

sisxlisa erTi mxriv da meore mxriv _ simbolod mwuxarebisa 

daRvrili sisxlis gamo~ _ werda igi (lebaniZe 1986: 

7), aramed Tavisi poeziiT ganagrZo lado asaTianis tradicia, 

ramdenime gamorCeuli leqsiT, romelTagan, upirveles 

yovlisa, ùfliscixesTan sisxlisferi yayaCos wveTi~ da 

`yayaCos~ unda aRiniSnos. 

Tanamedroveobis udidesi kritikosi klint bruksi, romelic, 

Tavis mxriv, 20-iani wlebis àxali kritikis~ Tvalsa- 

Cino warmomadgenlis a.i. riCardsis naSroms `paradoqsis ena~

eyrdnoboda, werda: `poeziaSi msjelobis xazs mxolod im detalebis 

gamo mivyvebiT, romelic mTavari gzis piras gvxvdeba: 

xan gvirila gagvityuebs, xan ki uCveulo formis buCqi. 

mere isev mTavar gzas vubrundebi... mxolod gzis bolos 

aRmovaCenT, rom mTeli samyaro vnaxeT, iseTi, romelsac 

mecnierebis sworxazovan gzas rom gavyolodiT, ver vnaxavdiT. 

swored es SemTxveviTi detalebi aniWebs Cvens mogzaurobas 

Rirebulebas~ (bruksi 1965: 78) 

marTlac, amgvari macdunebeli moCvenebiT wvrilmanebiT 

iqmneba poezia: is xan acekvebuli narcisebis saxes iRebs, rogorc 

es uiliam uordsuorTis poeziaSia, xan baraTaSvilis 

satrfos yurze pepelasaviT mofarfate sayurisas, xanac 

rembos feradi xmovnebis, an galaktionis iisferi Tovlis... 

lado asaTianTan es SeiZleba simindis ulvaSis suni iyos, 

an bulbulTa naamborali bardnalelebis borani, atmis 

xesaviT afeTqebuli satrfo, irmiviT mwvane balaxSi gaxveuli 

firosmani, sicili, romelic sasaflaos gulze gadaufrens 

sicocxled da nakadulad. an mamapapuri cisferi 

sarwyuli. 

vnaxoT, raoden tevadia es poeturi saxeebi, vTqvaT, Tundac, 

sarwyuli: erTi rom igi lurj frinvels Camohgavs, amas- 

Tanave ukvdavebis wylisa da amiT sicocxlisa da ukvdavebis, 

sicocxlis wyaros ukavSirdeba. Tavisi feriT igi romantikosebis 

tradicias agrZelebs (sakmarisia Tundac baraTaSvilis 

`lurjsa fers~ an novalisis `cisferi yvavili~ vaxsenoT), 

romelic Semdeg cisferyanwelTa da galaktionis poeziaSi 

mTeli sisavsiTa da aTasgvari niuansiT gaisma. amas- 

Tanave cisferi sarwyuli mama-papaTa naqonia da amiT ara 

mxolod bavSvobis cisfer mogonebebs aRZravs ufskrulis 

piras myof poetSi, aramed warsulsac: istoriuls da kidev 

ufro Soreul da zedroul zRaprul warsulsac, sadac 

beber cixes arwivebi esizmreba, sadac poets vaxtang meeqvse 

eguleba, Tamari eguleba, mxargrZeli da cxra Zma xerxeuliZe, 

samasi aragveli. swored istoriuli Sreebis moZieba 

ganasxvavebs cisferis lado asaTianiseul aRqmas romantikosebisa 

an simbolistebis aRqmisagan. dakveTili optimizmis 

epoqaSi, swored aq, sakuTari qveynis istoriasa da tradiciaSi, 

povebs lado asaTiani simtkicisa da imedis wyaros. 

kidev erTi sagulisxmo poeturi saxe, romelic SeuZlebelia, 

uyuradRebod darCes _ cxenis fafaria. fafarayrili 

mernebis qarbuqiani sunTqva da maTi gafrenili fafari, 

leqsis bolos awewil fafrad iqceva (`cxra Zma xerxeuli- 

71

Zes~), rac uTuod im qveynis bedze migvaniSnebs, romlisTvisac 

daecnen Zmebi xerxeuliZeebi, da romelTa saWiroeba da 

ararseboba aseTi mZafri dramatizmiT aRbeWdila uRmerTod 

mitovebuli raSebis gulmosaklavi WixviniT. am leqsSi 

cxenis fafari bunebis movlenebTan asocirdeba: xan vizualuri 

xatiT: gafrenili fafari _ nislTan, xan raSebis sanative 

_ algeTis velebis qarTan, riTac poeturi saxe kosmiur 

JReradobas iRebs. Tu amas sityvis bgeriT JReradobasac 

davumatebT, romelic ara mxolod far aso—bgeris ritmul 

ganmeorebaSi gamoixateba (gafrenili fafari, gaficxebili, 

foladis, qafmoreuli), aramed, erTi mxriv, qarTan asocirdeba, 

meore mxriv ki, cxra Zma xerxeuliZesTan da amiT kidev 

q-an da x-an aso-bgerebis mZime musikasac moiyolebs da aiyoliebs, 

rac mTlianobaSi leqsis im ganumeorebel musikalur 

qsovils warmoqmnis, romelsac lado asaTianis ganumeorebel 

tragikul-omaxiani xma SeiZleba vuwodoT: 

72 

es gafrenili fafari, Tu mSobliuri nislia? 

visia cxra bedauri, cxra daraxtuli visia? 

... es mSobliuri qaria Cveni algeTia velebis 

Tu sunTqva qarbuqiani fafarayrili mernebis. 

(asaTiani 1979: 190) 

poeturi xatisa da leqsis tevadobaze weris dros ar 

SeiZleba ar aRvniSnoT isic, rom lado asaTianis poeziaSi 

leqsi adamianis mTel sicocxles itevs:`vinc kaci iyo da 

leqsad iqca“, _ wers igi. 

sicocxle leqsad kondensirdeba da amiT warmavalobasa 

da sikvdils amarcxebs: 

me TviT sikvdilsac gardavqmni leqsad! 

poetisa da poeziis amgvar maRal daniSnulebaze migvaniSnebs 

rusTavelis gamziridan `Rrublian cisken~... gabmuli 

qaris da wvimis Zafebi (`wvimaSi~) da is naTeli, romliTac 

poetia garemoculi. lado asaTians Rrmad swams, rom poeti, 

Tumc `droebis meaTasedia~, magram amave dros Tavisi Semoqmedebis 

wyalobiT `maradisobiT gadanisluli~. 

1923 wels `meocnebe niamorebSi~ tician tabiZe werda 

qarTuli poeziis èvropuli radiusiT~ gamarTvis ucileblobaze. 

gulistkiviliT imasac SeniSnavda, rom evropuli 

radiusi yovelTvis gverds uvlida Tbiliss. gulistkiviliT, 

radgan, vin, Tu ara man, romelmac amdeni gaakeTa qar-

Tuli poeziis ganaxlebisa da evropeizaciisaTvis, uTuod 

icoda, rom sworedac rom am konteqstSi qarTul poezias 

marTlac hqonda da mis SemdegSic uTuod eqneboda Tavisi 

adgili. am statiis mizanic _ lado asaTianis poeziis am 

konteqstSi wakiTxvis mcdeloba _ warmoadgens misi poeziis 

erTi konkretuli Taviseburebis analiziT. 

damowmebani: 

asaTiani 1979: asaTiani lado. erTtomeuli. Tb.: gamomcemloba 


bruksi 1971: Brooks C. Literary Criticism: A Short History. L.: 1965. 

elioti 1975: Eliot T.S. Selected Prose Ed with an Introduction by Frank Kermode. 

Faber and Faber, London: 1975. 

vulfi 1924: Woolf V. John Donne. In: Collected Essays by V.Woolf. 1966. 

lebaniZe 1986: lebaniZe m. lado asaTiani. wignSi: lado asaTiani. 

rCeuli. Tb.: 1986. 

73

74 

lado asaTianis leqsis bunebisaTvis 

(`leqsi axleburi~) 

qeTevan enuqiZe 

meoce saukunis dasawyisSi qarTul leqsSi mkafiod vlindeba 

evropuli da rusuli leqsis, gansakuTrebiT, metris 

gavlena, ramac, garkveulwilad, ganapiroba novatoruli Teoriebisa 

da saleqso formebis Camoyalibeba, rac yovelTvis 

ar iyo misaRebi da gaTvaliswinebuli qarTul kulturul 

niadagze. brZola modernistuli ideologiis winaaRmdeg, 

erTgvarad, Seexo formalur inovaciebsac, radgan ociani 

wlebis meore naxevarSi versifikaciuli eqsperimentebis 

ricxvma iklo. lado asaTiani moRvaweobas iwyebs im dros, 

rodesac `cisferyanwelebis ordeni~, faqtobrivad, aRar arsebobs, 

xolo galaktions dawerili aqvs TiTqmis yvela Sedevri. 

da mainc, axalgazrda poeti saocar warmatebas da popularobas 

aRwevs. 

amjerad miznad gvaqvs lado asaTianis metris gaaanalizeba, 

radgan SemoqmedebiTi Taviseburebebisa da individualizmis 

kvleva SesaZlebelia mxolod sruli suraTis 

warmodgeniT. 

metri ukavSirdeba versifikaciis absoluturad yvela 

elements da, ufro metic, teqstis semantikuri garsis, riTmis, 

ritmisa da esTetikuri transformaciis Tavisebur Car- 

Cos warmoadgens. metris kvleva unda daviwyoT terfebis 

Taviseburebebis analiziT. dasadgenia: 

1. ra zegavlenas axdens semantikuri ritmi maT 

Camoyalibebaze; 

2. sityvebSi marcvalTa raodenoba; 

3. bunebrivi maxvilis mdebareoba. 

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa logaedebis analizi, radgan 

poetis leqsebis umetesoba aTmarcvliani logaedebiT aris 

Sesrulebuli. `logaedurs vuwodebT iseT metrebs, romleb- 

Sic erTi da igive muxli (sul erTia, monometri iqneba Tu 

dimetri), gind mTeli taepi, qoreuli da daqtiluri terfebis 

SeerTebas warmoadgens~ (gorgaZe 1928:51). s. gorgaZis 

azriT, xalxuri Sairebis mTeli rigi swored egreT wodebuli 

ZvelqarTuli sasuliero iambikoebis amgvar Sezavebul 

metrebs warmoadgens.

l. asaTiani, ZiriTadad, iyenebs logaedis or saxeobas: 

klasikur adonisur metrs (— UU – U) da e.w. antiadonisur, 

qore-daqtilur metrs (— U – UU) sainteresoa, riTia ganpirobebuli 

adonisuri da antiadonisuri logaedebis monacvleoba 

da swored am terfebis siWarbe. davakvirdeT taepebs, 

romlebSic wminda adonisuri logaeduri dimetri(— UU – U / 

— UU – U) gvxvdeba: 

Snosa da iers hmateben qalaqs, (— UU – U / – UU – U) 

(asaTiani 1988:29) 

pirveli logaedi sityvas sam morfemas — ormarcvlian 

erTgvar wevrebs, romlebic dakavSirebuli arian da kavSiriT. 

meore logaedi moicavs sammarcvlian zmnas da ormarcvlian 

arsebiT saxels. maxvilTa ganlageba bunebrivia: ormarcvlian 

sityvaSi is ecema bolodan meore xmovanze, sammarcvlianSi, 

bolodan mesameze: 

/ / / / 

Snosa da iers hmateben qalaqs, 

aseTive suraTi gvaqvs taepSi: 

qarTveli qalis Snosa da javars (— UU – U / — UU – U) 

(asaTiani, 1988:29) 

miuxedavad imisa, rom marcvalTa ganlageba Senacvlebulia, 

es garemoeba taepis ritmze zemoqmedebas ver axdens; 

maxvilTa ganlageba iseTivea (10-marcvliani; maxviliT taepis 

I, IV, VI, IX xmovnebze), rogoric zemoT moyvanil magaliTSi 

/ / / / 

qarTveli qalis Snosa da javars 

Semdeg magaliTSi daqtilisa da qores ganlageba bunebrivad 

ukavSirdeba sammarcvliani da ormarcvlinai sityvebis 

monacvleobas: 

lamazi aris TbilisSi yvela (– UU – U / – UU – U) 

wminda adonisuri logaeduri dimetris (– U – U U / – U – 

U U); maxviliT I, III, VI, VIII xmovnebze) magaliTebia: 

75

76 

erT dros am qveynad mec kaci viyavi 

(– U – U U / – U – U U) (asaTiani, 1988:76) 

qores awarmoebs erTmarcvliani msazRvrel-sazRvruli, 

romelic erT terfad ikvreba da, Sesabamisad, maxvilic bolodan 

meore xmovanze ecema. daqtilur terfs awarmoebs 

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli da arsebiTi saxeli, romlebic adgilis 

garemoebas qmnian. es terfic sammarcvliania. marcvlis 

bunebrivi mdebareoba sruliad emTxveva maxvilis bunebriv 

mdebareobas. meore logaedi nawarmoebia ormarcvliani da 

sammarcvliani sityvebis bunebrivi maxvilebis Sesabamisad. 

arvin icoda, ra uxaroda 


pirveli logaedis qore da daqtili sityvis bunebrivi 

maxvilisa da marcvalTa raodenobis Sesatyvisia, xolo meore 

logaedSi qore kveTs zmnas, ùxaroda~, magram sainteresoa, 

rom am procesSi ar xdeba metris zemoqmedeba sityvis 

bunebriv prosodiaze. maxvilis am oTxmarcvliani sityvis 

bolodan mesame marcvalze ecema, xolo pirveli umaxvilo 

marcvali organulad erwymis nawilaks ra. 

foTlebdacvenil baRis karebTan 

(– U – U U / – U – U U ) (asaTiani, 1988:88) 

taepis meore logaedis qore da daqtili sityvis bunebrivi 

maxvilisa da marcvalTa raodenobis Sesatyvisia, xolo 

pirveli logaedi warmodgenilia erTi xuTmarcvliani sityviT, 

aseve, antiadonisuri terfiT. sayuradReboa, rom xuTmarcvlian 

sityvaSi maxvili bolodan mesame xmovanze unda 

modiodes, Tumca gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom es sityva erTmniSvneliani 

kompozitiTaa warmodgenili da, Sesabamisad, 

maxvilTa ganlageba am kompozitis Semadgeneli erTeulebis 

(foToli, dacvena) bunebriv maxvilTa ganlagebas emTxveva. 

mxrebganieri, viT saukune 


pirveli logaedi kompozitia, romelic Sedgeba erTmarcvliani 

da oTxmarcvliani sityvebisagan, xolo meore magaliTSi 

mocemulia erTmarcvliani sityva viT (Tandebuli,

omelic arqauli stiliT aris mocemuli) da oTxmarcvliani 

sityva, romlis bunebrivi maxvili ecema bolodan meoTxe 

xmovanze(sa/u/kune). logaedSi xdeba maxvilis gadaadgileba 

meoTxedan mesame maxvilze. aseTive saxe aqvs sxva logaedebsac, 

romlebic erTmarcvliani da oTxmarcvliani sityvebisagan 

Sedgeba. mag.: ver moveswari (ìliasadmi~); ar anacvale 

(`Tqven geubnebiT, Zmebo mgosnebo~). 

qarTuli enis bunebis gaTvaliswinebiT, maxvili bolodan 

mesame xmovanze unda ecemodes, amitom ucnauria am konkretul 

sityvebTan maxvilebis ganlageba. es SeiZleba ganpirobebuli 

iyos Semdegi faqtorebiT: 

1. saukune — sa mimReobis mawarmoebeli prefiqsi, Tumca 

sityva `saukune~ ukve damkvidrebulia arsebiTi saxeli 

funqciiT. 

2. danarCen or SemTxvevaSi vlindeba zmniswinian 

zmnasTan. 

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom antiadonisuri logaedis warmoeba 

xdeba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: 

a) ormarcvledi + sammarcvledi; 

b) ori erTmarcvliani sityva + sammarcvledi / ormarcvledi 

+ erTmarcvledi; 

g) ormarcvledi / ori erTmarcvliani sityva + kompoziti 

/ erTmarcvledi + zmniswiniani zmna da mawarmoebliani 

mimReoba; 

adonisur-antiadonisuri logaeduri dimetris (— UU – 

U / - U – U U); maxviliT I,IV,VI,VIII xmovnebze) magaliTebia: 

Tbilisis qalebs _ dilis ciskarebs 

(– UU – U / - U – U U) (asaTiani, 1988:76) 

ra iyav, ra xar da ra iqnebi! 

(– UU – U / - U – U U) (asaTiani, 1988:76) 

am logaedebis TiToeuli terfi iseTive agebulebisaa, 

rogoric dimetrebSi. bolo magaliTi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, 

radgan Tu pirvel or terfSi ra nawilakze ecema maxvili, 

meore logaedSi maxvili da kavSirsa da sammarcvliani 

sityvis bolodan mesame xmovanze modis. es ar aris ganpirobebuli 

da kavSiris gansakuTrebuli semantikuri funqciiT, 

radgan qvemoT, sxva magaliTebSi, Cven sxva suraTs vixilavT. 

SesaZlebelia, es gamowveuli iyos daqtilis (iqnebi) garkveuli 

upiratesobiT (marcvalTa raodenoba, gamokveTili pro- 

77

sodiuli elferi, rac, SeiZleba, ganpirobebuli iyos mJReri 

bgerebis siWarbiT (6-dan 5), rac mesamed gameorebul ra nawilaks 

asustebs. 

antiadonisur-adonisuri logaeduri dimetris (– U U / – 

UU – U); maxviliT I, III,VI,IX xmovnebze) magaliTebia: 

78 

Sua bazarSi duqani gvqonda 

(- U – U U / – UU – U) (asaTiani, 1988:76) 

da Tu tirilis dagidges Jami 

(- U – U U / – UU – U) (asaTiani, 1988:76) 

logaedebis agebuleba ucvlelia, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, 

rom am tipis dimetri ufro iSviaTia, vidre adonisur — antiadonisuri. 

Zalian iSviaTad, Tumca mainc gvxvdeba ipostazirebuli 

logaeduri dimetrebi. magaliTad: 

me vetrfi im TeTr Coxian mayars 

(U – U – U / - U U - U) (asaTiani, 1988:60) 

da kaxur amboxs, Slegsa da magars 

(U – U – U / - U U - U) (asaTiani, 1988:60) 

dasvenebis da garTobis ambavs 

(U U – U U / - U U - U)U (asaTiani, 1988:21) 

Sen, roca am wigns aiReb xelSi 

(– – U – U / _ U _ U U) (asaTiani, 1988:76) 

es awvalebda cotne dadians 

(U U – U U / - U – U U) (asaTiani, 1988:45) 

pirvel or magaliTSi gvxvdeba amfibraqisa da qores 

SerwymiT miRebuli logaedi. sainteresoa, ram ganapiroba am 

terfis warmoSoba. orive magaliTi iwyeba erTmarcvliani 

sityviT, romelic yvela mocemul magaliTSi an da kavSiria 

an piris nacvalsaxeli. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTuli leqsisaTvis daqtili ufro 

organuli terfia, semantikuri Tavisebureba da maxvili 

aSkara upiratesobiT sargeblobs. orive SemTxvevaSi, erTmarcvleds 

mohyveba ormarcvledi. daqtilis warmoqmna daarRvevda 

enis bunebrivi prosodiis kanons.

mesame magaliTSi piris nacvalsaxeli gvxvdeba, magram aq, 

avtoris nebiT, Cndeba mZime, rac mas marTvis funqcias ani- 

Webs. Sesabamisad, warmoiTqmis maxvilTa amgvari ganlagebiT: 

/ / / / / 

Sen, roca am wigns xelSi aiReb 

(palimbaqi+qore) da ara 

/ / / / 

Sen, roca am wigns xelSi aiReb 

bolo magaliTSi, imis miuxedavad, Tu romel xmovanze 

ecema maxvili, mimarTvis forma ugulebelyofilia. 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amgvari sistematurobis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

lado asaTianisTvis metad mniSvnelovania qarTuli 

enis bunebrivi maxvilisa da semantikisaTvis upiratesobis 

miniWeba. ramdenime gamonaklisi migvaniSnebs, rom daqtilis 

saxecvlileba aseve zemoT aRniSnuli faqtorebiT aris ganpirobebuli. 

meore peoni lado asaTianis leqsebSi SedarebiT iSviaTad 

gvxvdeba, radgan, rogorc aRvniSneT, poeti, umeteswilad, 

swored aTmarcvleds mimarTavs. Tumca gvaqvs gamonaklisebic, 

magaliTad: `gzaSi~ (4/4/3), `sasaflao~ (4/4//4/4), 

òri saaxalwlo~ (4/3//4/3) heterosilaburi leqsi `cixis 

sizmari~ (4/4, 4/2) da a. S. 

akaki xinTibiZe wers: `meore peoni erTi mTliani ritmuli 

erTeulia. misi gaxleCa gverdiT mdgomi sityvebis zegavleniT, 

misi dayofa-danawileba, garda calkeuli gamonaklisebisa, 

qarTuli leqswyobisaTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli~ 

(xinTibiZe 1961:44). 

peoni yvelaze grZeli terfia da erTi oTxmarcvledisagan 

Sedgeba. SesaZlebelia invariantebic, mag.: daqtili da 

umaxvilo erTmarcvledi, an, piriqiT. sainteresoa samive 

formaze dakvirveba: 

oTxmarcvliani meore peoni: 

orTqlmavali ise utevs ukuneTs 

U U – U U – U – U – U U (asaTiani,1988:89) 

erTmarcvledi+daqtili: 

79

80 

vis unaxavs yvavilebi nakadulis napirebze 

U – U U U – U U U – U U U – U U (asaTiani,1988:69) 

Tavs geficebi, ver iSovni ukeTess, Svilo? 

– U – U U U – U U – U U – U (asaTiani,1988:48) 

struqturas daqtili+erTmarcvledi mogvianebiT vnaxavT, 

Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom lado asaTianis leqsebSi 

iSviaTad gvxvdeba. sintagmebi ZiriTadad agebulia imgvarad, 

rom srulmniSvneliani sityva asrulebs monakveTs. 

sainteresoa ak. xinTibiZis dakvirveba, romlis Tanaxmad, 

meore peonTan dakavSirebuli ritmuli variaciebi metad 

mravalferovania, Tumca lado asaTianis iSviaTad mimarTavs 

ara mxolod peons, aramed qarTul poeziaSi metad popularul 

8-marcvledsac ki; metic, is upiratesobas dabal Sairs 

aniWebs (anu logaedsa da daqtils). erTi SexedviT, Cans, TiTqos 

meore peoni poetisaTvis sakmaod umniSvnelo terfia, 

rom ara erTi mniSvnelovani faqti. lado asaTianis brwyinvale 

leqsi, “salaRobo” (romelsac dedanSi “asaTianuri” uwoda; 

qaTuli leqsi icnobs aseT saTaurebs, metic, saleqso 

formebs aseTi saxelwodebebiT, mag.: Caxruxauli da a. S. me- 

20 saukuneSi paolo iaSvilis “darianuli”), Sereuli metruli 

sqemiT aris dawerili da swored aq amJRavnebs poeti Tavis 

damokidebulebas meore peonisadmi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 

am leqsSi gvxvdeba meore peonis TiTqmis yvela saxeoba, romelic 

ki dasaSvebia, gamomdinare qarTuli leqsis bunebidan. 

daukariT, rom Zvel xanjals elda eces, 

U – U U U – U U - U – U 

gaisarjos da brZolebSi daixarjos! 

U – U U U – U U U – U U 

gaumarjos saqarTvelos mzes da zecas, 

U – U U U – U U - U – U 

saqarTvelos Zlierebas gaumarjos! 

U – U U U – U U U – U U (asaTiani,1988:10) 

aqve vxvdebiT meore peonis mesame formas (sammarcvledi+erTmarcvledi): 

jer xom suros foTlebi ar gascvenia 

– U – U U – U U U – U U 

sasTumalze erTxelac ar daviZineb! 

– U U U – U U U – U U (asaTiani,1988:10)

orive SemTxvevaSi, am tipis meore peonis erTmarcvledi 

warmodgenilia uaryofiTi nawilakiT, xolo misi momdevno 

meore peoni oTxmarcvliani morfemaa, romelic, erTgvarad, 

harmoniulad asrulebs taeps. mkafiod Cans, rom leqsis 12marcvlian 

(4/4/4) monakveTSi sityvaTa umetesoba (58 139-dan) 

oTxmarcvliania. es Tavisebur efeqts aniWebs leqss — maRali 

SairisaTvis damaxasiTebel heroikul JReradobas. amas- 

Tan, motivis axsna SesaZlebelia mxolod hipoTeturad. 

peonis garda, 4-marcvliani terfebidan leqsebSi xSirad 

gvxvdeba diqore. yvela es terfi ori ormarcvledisgan an 

ori erTmarcvledisa da erTi ormarcvledisagan Sedgeba. am 

SemTxvevaSic ar fiqsirdeba bunebrivi maxvilis gadaadgileba. 

mag.: 

Zvelad Turme, roca mtrebis uTvalavi jarebi 

– U – U - U – U U – U U – U U (asaTiani,1988:34) 

ise mtkice iyvnen Turme, viT metexis kedeli 

– U – U - U – U U – U U – U U (asaTiani,1988: 34) 

me xan papis wvers vumzer 

– U – U – U U (asaTiani,1988: 80) 

cota kidev moiTmine, lamazo 

– U – U U – U U – U U (asaTiani,1988: 89) 

aSkaraa, rom diqores gamoyeneba meore peonis nacvlad 

erTgvarad ritms cvlis. SeimCneva meti dinamika, romelic 

kidev ufro mZafdeba meore peonisa da diqores monacvleobiT, 

gansakuTrebiT, Tu meore peoni erTmarcvliania da sammarcvliani 

sityvebisganaa nawarmoebi. 

leqsi `Cemi qveynis oqroyana~ (1936) maRali SairiT aris 

dawerili. leqsis 100 terfidan mxolod 17 ar aris meore 

peoni. sainteresoa, rogor suraTs qmnis dakvirveba am terfebze, 

miT umetes, rom ormarcvliani sityvebis garkveuli 

kategoria warmoqmnis meore peons, xolo maTi nawili (13) — 

diqores. mag. ori ormarcvledisagan warmoqmnili meore 

peoni: 

kvaxis lerwo gabardulo, Caqarvulo taroebo, 

U – U U U – U U U – U U U – U U 

xvamlis mTaze gadasulo TeTro nislo afriano 

U – U U U – U U U – U U U – U U (asaTiani,1988:15) 

81

82 

mag., ori ormarcvledisagan warmoqmnili diqore: 

TviTmfrinavo, caSi laRo, mTebTan axlo mofrenilo, 

U – U U U – U U U – U U U – U U 

xeo, vaSliT gaferilo, talaveris Ceroebo, 

– U – U U – U U U – U U U – U U 

Cemi qveynis oqroyanav, didi garjiT moweulo 

– U – U U – U U U – U U U – U U 

TqvenTvis minda avamRero leqsi Cemi axleburi 

U – U U U – U U U – U U U – U U 

zvaro, zvaro jiSiano, ojaleSis jiSis zvaro, 

– U – U U – U U U – U U U – U U 

minda leqsiT gesaubroT, dagirxioT xma salxeni. 

– U – U U – U U U – U U U – U U 

pirvel magaliTSi diqore warmoiqmneba zmmnizedasTan; 

meore magaliTSi _ diqores qmnis mimarTva; mesame-meoTxe 

magaliTebSi kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi (msazRvrel-saz- 

Rvruli); mexuTeSi diqores warmoqmnis ormarcvliani sityvis 

gameoreba. aseTi magaliTi oria: zvaro, zvari; mTebo, 

mTebo. 

meeqvse magaliTSi ki taepi iwyeba SemasmenliT, rac, TavisTavad, 

aZlierebs maxvils. 

leqsSi gvxvdeba erTmarcvledisa da daqtilis SeerTebis 

(an, piriqiT) 15 magaliTi: mTav frialo, rom itvirTeo, mTis 

gul-mkerdSi, da enguro. da mamulis, da bulbulo, amdeni 

xnis, bardebi da, gmirobis da, vinc dagTesa, beRlebi da, 

TqvenTvis maqvs, xma salxeni, da qarTveli, am simReriT. 

sainteresoa, ramdenad bunebrivad gardaiqmneba es terfebi 

meore peonad, bunebriv maxvilTan Sesabamisad. 

magaliTebSi, romlebic 1+3 modeliT aris warmodgenili, 

maxvili, TavisTavad, bunebrivia (ecema sammarcvledis 

bolodan mesame xmovanze), xolo 3+1 modeliT nawarmoeb 

magaliTebSi erTmarcvledi ZiriTadad da kavSirs emTxveva. 

gansxvavebulia ori magaliTi: amdeni xnis; TqvenTvisa maqvs. 

pirveli magaliTi msazRvrel-sazRvrulia. garkveul SemTxvevebSi, 

sityva xnis sruliad bunebrivad awarmoebs garemoebas; 

erTmarcvliani zmna `maqvs~, romelic Sedgenili Semas-

menlis nawilia, sakmaod drekadia. misi darTva enis bunebrivi 

maxvilis gadaadgilebas aseve umtkivneulo procesad 

warmogvidgens. 

sainteresoa 2 magaliTi, romlebSic logaedi da daqtilia 

dakavSirebuli: 

nislebis Tavsafriani — U U U – U U U 

gogonav SavTvaliano – U U U – U U U 

logaeduri terfi mocemulia iambisa da tribraqis saxiT. 

sainteresoa, rom orive logaedi erTmniSvneliani kompozitia. 

kompozitis meore nawili, `safari~ da `Tvali~, saxelobiT 

brunvaSi maxvils dairTaven swored im bgerebze, 

romlebzec logaedebad Sekvris dros (amasTan, orive 

kompoziti ian mawarmoebliT gvxvdeba); SesaZloa, esec aris 

ganmapirobebeli maTi amgvari JReradobisa. 

erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso leqsi lado asaTianis SemoqmedebaSi, 

amasTan, metad araordinaruli, aris `nadirobis 

Semdeg~ (1940). es leqsi SeiZleba miviCnioT ara mxolod 

heterosilaburad, aramed heterometruladac. 

pirveli taepi ToTxmetmarcvliania: 

gareuli kameCebis devniT daiRalnen, 

U – U U U – U U – U U – U U (asaTiani,1988:10) 

meore taepi 12-marcvliania da 4 daqtilisagan Sedgeba: 

daxoces uSti da uSqari nadiri 

— U U – U U – U U – U U 

mesame taepi, aseve 12-marcvliani, daqtiluri terfebiT 

aris gamarTuli, Tumca am tipis daqtili uCveuloa lado 

asaTianisTvis: 

da mere, roca dRe-Rame gaiyara 

– U U – U U – U U – U U 

terfi kveTs morfemebs da maxvili arbunebriv adgilze 

inacvlebs: 

/ / / / 


83

Tu taeps wavikiTxavT bunebrivi prosodiiT, miviRebT 

ritmul disharmonias: 

84 

/ / / / 


terfi sityvas kveTs meoTxe taepSic: 

Ramis gasaTevi SemoxvdaT adgili 

– U U – U U – U U – U U 

aqac oTxi daqtiluri terfia. taepi, SeiZleba, wavikiTxoT 

rogorc qore-meore peoni da ori daqtili. Tumca meore 

taepi, romelsac eriTmeba mocemuli meoTxe taepi, tipuri 

daqtilebisagan Sedgeba da prosodiulad swored daqtilursave 

terfebs moiTxovs. 

sapirispiro suraTia strofSi: 

da uceb quxilma tyeze gadiara 

— U U – U U – U U – U U 

vin mohkla, vin styorcna Cvenze adrianad 

– U U – U U – U U – U U 

vin dalocvilma Cvenze madlianad 

— U – U U – U U – U 

manuCaris Svilma levan dadianma. 

— U U U – U – U U – U U 

oTxive taepi daboloebulia qoreTi da meore peoniT. 

Tumca sruliad gansxvavebulia terfebis pirveli naxevartaepedebi, 

miT ufro, rom mesame taepSi saerTodac 5 maxvilia 

(lagaedi+qore+daqtili). 

zogadad, leqsi agebulia daqtilebiT. zemoT moyvanili 

gansxvavebuli taepebi erTgvari kunZulebiviT Cans leqsSi, 

rac saocar prosodiul kontrasts qmnis. Zneli saTqmelia, 

Segnebuls Tu uneblies. 

leqsebis analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs, CamovayaliboT 

Semdegi mosazreba: 

1. lado asaTiani Tavis leqsebSi umeteswilad mimarTvas 

qores, daqtils, da meore peons — terfebs, romlebic Seefereba 

qarTuli enis maxvilis bunebriv mdebareobas; 

2. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu poeti mimarTavs sxva tipis terfebs, 

es faqti ar azianebs da zemoqmedebas ver axdens bunebriv 

JReradobaze;

3. iSviaTi gamonaklisebi poetis SemoqmedebaSi erTgvari 

eqsperimentis saxes atarebs. 

zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, lado asaTiani Tavisufldeba 

evropuli leqsis gavleniT damkvidrebuli metruli 

leqsis elementebisagan. aqcentirebulia ara metruli mravalferovneba, 

aramed riTma da metad originaluri, sada 

mxatvruli figurebi. gvrCeba STabeWdileba, rom poeti sruliad 

Segnebulad aridebs Tavs metris mravalferovnebas, 

radgan formalur sisadaves avsebs Warbi emociiT. es aris 

formis daknineba, Sinaarsis xarjze. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT 

10-20-ian wlebSi mimdinare procesebs, lado asaTianis es 

pozicia sruliad originaluria. am niSniT poeti ukavSirdeba 

erTgvar naivistur nakads, romelSic upiratesobas 

flobs swored emocia, eqspresia, rac formis mravalferovnebas 

egueba mxolod emociis cvalebadobis dafiqsirebis 

xarjze. es mimarTeba ganapirobebs kidec terfebis uaRresad 

SezRuduli tipebis gamoyenebas. zogadad, Tuki maxvili 

inarCunebs bunebriv mdebareobas da sityvebi ar ixliCeba 

terfebis meSveobiT, SegviZlia, vivaraudoT, rom lado 

asaTiani Segnebulad uaryofs metrul variaciebs da silabur 

nakads mihyveba. SegviZlia CamovayaliboT mosazreba, 

rom lado asaTianis `leqsi axleburi~ Tavisufldeba metris 

da, Sesabamisad, evropuli leqsis gavlenisagan. 

D 

damowmebani: 

asaTiani 1988: asaTiani l. rCeuli. `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb.: 1988. 

gorgaZe 1928: gorgaZe s. qarTuli leqsi.Tb.: 1928. 

xinTibiZe 1916: xinTibiZe a. poeturi xelovnebis sakiTxebi. `sabWoTa 

saqarTvelo~, Tb.: 1961. 

85

86 

manana kakabaZe 

`Tavganwiruli mxedaris~ tipologiuri aspeqti 

lado asaTianis poeziaSi 

`meranis~ Tavdapirveli saxelwodeba, rogorc nikoloz 

baraTaSvilis avtografTa Seswavlidan Cans, iyo `Tavganwiruli 

mxedari~. 

`meranis~ teqsti Sesulia baraTaSvilis sam avtograful 

krebulSi, romlebic xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi inaxeba. 

amaTgan uZvelesi, H-1115 Sedgenilia poetis mier 1842 wels. 

igi poetis samuSao, Savi egzemplari iyo. teqstSi aris avtoriseuli 

sworebebi. am krebulSi Sedis 21 leqsi da swored aq 

dasturdeba leqsis saTaurad, pirvelad da erTaderTxel _ 

`Tavganwiruli mxedari~ (baraTaSvili 1842; xelnawerTa aRweriloba 

1948: 101). 

magram am xelnawer gamocemas (rogorc mas uwodebs p. ingoroyva), 

darTuli aqvs zanduki (sarCevi), romelic Sedgenilia 

mogvianebiT, 1843 wlis bolos (lolaSvili 1968: 21; ingoroyva 

1968: 226). am zandukSi 27 leqsia CamoTvlili, eqvsiT 

meti, vidre krebulSia, maT Soris 1843 wels dawerili leqsebic. 

am zandukSi, poetis Sedevri, `merani~ dasaxelebulia 

ara rogorc `Tavganwiruli mxedari~, aramed _ `mirbis, 

mimafrens~ (xelnawerTa aRweriloba 1948: 101). 

aseve, poetis or danarCen xelnawer krebulSi, romlebic 

agreTve 1843 welsaa Sedgenili (TayaiSviliseuli — S-2516 da 

veziriSviliseuli H-2033), leqsi warmodgenilia usaTaurod. 

pirvel da uZveles, 1842 wlis xelnawer krebulSive (H- 

1115) leqss daweris TariRad uzis: `maisis 9-sa, 1842~, es 

TariRi meordeba danarCen or, 1843 wels Sedgenil leqsTa 

krebulebSic. Tumca gr. orbelianisadmi miwerili baraTidan 

(1842, 2 maisi) irkveva, rom leqsi aprilSia dawerili (J. `krebuli~, 

1873, № 3). daweris Semdeg leqsma metad mcire da umniSvnelo 

saredaqcio cvlilebebi ganicada, magram Cans, poets 

mainc leqsis saboloo TariRad miuCnevia 9 maisi 1842 

wlisa, rac damkvidrda kidec. 

xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi baraTaSvilis avtografuli 

krebuli S-2516, mkvlevarTa varaudiT (ingoroyva 

1968: 226; lolaSvili 1968: 22), swored is krebulia, romelic 

ekaterine WavWavaZes ekuTvnoda. igi e. TayaiSvilma bu-

kinistisagan SeiZina peterburgSi 1887 wels, masTan erTad 

SeiZina agreTve `bedi qarTlisas~ avtografi (S-2517). sul 

oria `bedi qarTlisas~ avtografi, da mxolod am avtografs, 

erTaderTs, aqvs miwerili avtoris vinaoba inicialebiT: `Ti 

n.b.~ ek. WavWavaZis kuTvnili am xelnaweri krebulebiT gaicno 

ilia WavWavaZem 1858 wels baraTaSvilis poezia. 

1843 wels Sedgenil or avtograful xelnawer krebulSi, 

aseve gr. orbelianisadmi miweril baraTSi (1842 w. 2 maisi) da 

poetis pirvel, 1876 wlis beWdur gamocemaSi, romelsac safuZvlad 

gr. orbelianis kuTvnili, amJamad dakarguli bara- 

TaSvilis avtografTa krebuli daedo, aseve, poetis TxzulebaTa 

yvela Semdgom, XIX da XX sauk. gamocemebSi, leqsi 

ibeWdeba usaTaurod. baraTaSvilis avtografebSi leqsis sa- 

Taurad `merani~ arasodes dasturdeba. magram saidan gaCnda 

igi sazogadoebaSi, mecnierul da kritikul azrovnebaSi? 

1860 wels `ciskarSi~ (№ 6) daibeWda baraTaSvilis leqsi 

saTauriT `Cems merans~. igive saTauri dasturdeba, p. ingoroyvas 

gamokvleviT (ingoroyva 1968: 250), mixeil TumaniSvilis 

kuTvnil araavtograful dedanSic. rogorc Cans, `ciskarma~ 

leqsi araavtografuli, savaraudod, TumuniSviliseuli 

dednidan dabeWda, poetis leqsTa araavtografuli 

xelnawerebi am droisaTvis sakmaod bevri trialebda sazogadoebaSi. 

TumaniSvilis araavtograful dedanSi, aseve 

erTxel, dasturdeba leqsis saxelwodebad `merani~ (ingoroyva 

1968: 149). 

TumaniSviliseuli dednebi miCneulia araavTenturad, 

radgan mis mier teqstSi Setanilia garkveuli redaqciuli 

cvlilebebi, rig SemTxvevaSi Secvlilia leqsTa dasaTaurebac. 

mag.: usaTauro leqsi `vpove taZari~ mis xelnawerSi 

aris warmodgenili saTauriT _ `fantazia~ da sxv. leqsis 

saTauric `merani~ da `Cems merans~ unda momdinareobdes m. 

TumaniSviliseuli dednebidan. CvenTvis ucnobia, ramdenad 

eTanxmeboda baraTaSvili leqsis aseT dasaTaurebas. mis saboloo 

avtografebSi xom leqsi usaTauroa. mxolod uZveles, 

pirvel, Sav avtograful xelnawerSi dasturdeba er- 

TaderTxel leqsi saTauriT da es saTauria `Tavganwiruli 

mxedari~ da ara `merani~. 

leqsis saxelwodebad `merani~ damkvidrda XIX sauk. 60iani 

wlebidanve. 

1865 wels dimitri yifians, Svili, nikoloz yifiani peterburgidan 

wers: `nikoloz baraTaSvilis `merani~, `qarTlis 

bedi~, `mtkvris pirzed~, `fantazia~, `sulo boroto~ da 

87

sxvani aTasjer gadavikiTxe da kidev ar meyo... `merani~ sakvirveli 

ram aris. _ neta vin iyo nikoloz baraTaSvili? Sen 

mgonia icnobdi~ (leoniZe 1935: 628). 

imave 1865 wels leqss moixseniebs saxelwodebiT `merani~ 

Rvimeli werilSi _ `Cueni droebis mwerlebi~ (`ciskari~ 

1965, VII). 

leqss saxelwodebiT `merani~ moixsenieben: 

ilia WavWavaZe _ ìveriaSi~ dabeWdil Tavis cnobil werilSi 

`nikoloz baraTaSvili~ (WavWavaZe 1892), aleqsandre 

cagareli 1870 wels gaz. `droebaSi~ gamoqveynebul vrcel 

werilSi `Cveni ubeduri mwignobroba am saukuneSi~ (cagareli 

1870), anton furcelaZe (moeniZe zurab) — polemikur 

werilSi `Seusrulebeli suraTi~ (furcelaZe 1867), mixeil 

veziriSvili _ vrcel kritikul werilSi `nikoloz baraTaSvili 

da misi dro~ (veziriSvili 1889). aseve moixsenieben 

akaki wereTeli, vaJa-fSavela, kita abaSiZe da sxv. 

erTaderTi gamonaklisi konstantine mamacaSvili iyo, 

romelmac 1881 wels leqsi moixsenia ase: `patara poema `mirbis, 

mimafrens...~ (mamacovi 1881). 

XIX saukuneSive leqsi damkvidrda saxelwodebiT 

`merani~. 

amrigad, leqsi baraTaSvilis mier saTauriT mxolod 

erTxel moixsenieba, 1842 wels, pirvel, uZveles Sav avtograful 

krebulSi, es saTauria `Tavganwiruli mxedari~, yvela 

danarCen avtograful krebulebSi, aseve poetis Txzuleba- 

Ta beWdur gamocemebSi, leqsi usaTauroa. 

baraTaSvilis leqsebSi bevria usaTauro, aseTi 15 leqsia, 

da es tendencia iwyeba 1840 wlidan, xolo 1842 wels yvelaze 

metia usaTauro leqsi. aseTi oTxi leqsia im wels dawerili 

Svidi leqsidan. Cans, bolo neba poetisa iyo `...mirbis, 

mimafrens~... radgan arc erTi saTauri srulad ar gamoxatavda 

im zogad azrs, rac nawarmoebSi Cado avtorma. 

magram saxe-simbolo merani _ iseTi Zlieri aRmoCnda, 

iseTi saxismetyvelebiTi JReradoba SeiZina, iseTi mistikuri 

siRrmeebi da tragikuli vnebani SeierTa, da ise kargad 

gadmosca sakacobrio, maradiuli, daumorCilebeli sulis 

moZraoba, rom adamianTa gulebi da goneba daipyro. yvelaze 

srulad da lakonurad am saxelwodebiT gamoixata adamianTa 

cnobierebaSi baraTaSvilis nawarmoebis arsi, da misi Secvla 

SeuZlebelia, iseve, rogorc SeuZlebelia edgar pos `yoranis~ 

saxelwodebis Secvla. 

88

poetis `sulis qrola~, _ ase uwodebs `merans~ ilia Wav- 

WavaZe (WavWavaZe 1892). Cven Sorsa varT im azrisagan, rom 

leqss saTauri SevucvaloT, da `meranis~ nacvlad `Tavganwiruli 

mxedari~ davamkvidroT. 

magram leqsis erTaderTi personaJi da lirikuli gmiri 

Tavganwiruli mxedaria. 

Tavganwirvis idea, romelic leqsSi udidesi ZaliT warmoCinda, 

msoflio romantizmis erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani 

ideaa. 

es idea metad Zvelia da misi saxismetyvelebiTi xorc- 

Sesxma sxvadasxva drois literaturebSi sxvadasxvagvarad 

xorcieldeboda. romantikosTa winamorbedi am mxriv antikur 

literaturaSi progresisaTvis mebrZoli, Tavganwiruli, 

wamebuli RmerTis promeTes saxea, romelsac romantikosebi 

eTayvanebian da araerT nawarmoebs uZRvnian. isini axali 

suliskveTebiT acocxleben am maradiul Temas da Tanamedroveobis 

tkivilebs da ganwyobilebebs deben Sig. 

promeTe baironis usayvarlesi literaturuli gmiria, 

romelsac poeti axleburad gaiazrebs da mraval mRelvare 

striqons uZRvnis. es Tema gadadis agreTve Selisa da sxva 

romantikosTa SemoqmedebaSi. 

Tavganwiruli gmiris idea saqarTveloSi baraTaSvilis 

poeziiT, misi `meraniT~ gamobrwyinda. 

promeTeseburia `meranis~ sulis ltolva, baironistulia 

`meranis~ suliskveTeba. 

`promeTe~, `manfredi~, `kaeni~, `winaswarmetyveli dante~ 

_ am nawarmoebebSi baironis mebrZoli, protestantuli 

suli da sakacobrio, maRali idealebi srulad gamovlinda. 

am ganwyobaTa naTesaobas amJRavnebs `merani~. i. WavWavaZis 

sityvebiT, _ `baraTaSvilma Cvens azrs, Cvens gulTa Tqmas, 

Cvens Wkua-gonebas didi gani da siRrme misca, kacobriobis 

wyurvils qarTvelic Tanamoziared gauxada da kacobriuli 

wyurvilis mosaklav wyaros qarTvelic daawafa~ (WavWavaZe 

1892). 

mTeli XIX saukune am ganwyobaTa wiaRidan ikvebeba, rogorc 

ukvdavebis wyarodan. is Tavganwirva, sulis simaRle, 

swrafva maRali idealebisadmi, romelic ase gvaocebs XIX 

saukunis qarTul mwerlobaSi, eyrdnoba baraTaSvils, sazrdos 

iRebs misi Tavganwiruli mxedris suliskveTebidan. 

Tavganwirvis idea literaturidan gadadis adamianTa sulebSi 

da maT qmedebebSi, is aZlevs gezs da mimarTulebas 

samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebis grZnobas saqarTveloSi. `moZra- 

89

oba da marto moZraoba aris, Cemo Tergo, qveynis Ronisa da 

sicocxlis mimcemi~... ityvis ilia WavWavaZe baraTaSvilisa 

da baironis ganwyobilebebiT SemarTuli (WavWavaZe 1985: 18). 

`Tergi saxea adamianis gaRviZebulis cxovrebis. amaRelvebeli 

da Rirssacnobi saxec aris... myinvari did getes 

magonebs, Tergi mrisxane da Seupovar baironsa~... (WavWavaZe 

1985: 18). 

brZolisa da Tavganwirvis ideebi ilia WavWavaZem axali 

ZaliT daamkvidra ara mxolod literaturaSi, aramed saxelmwifoebriv 

azrovnebaSi da moRvaweobaSi. da am TavganwirviT 

Seewira erovnul ideas, viTarca wmindani. 

XIX saukunem Tavganwirvis idea ganuzomeli ZaliT ametyvelebuli 

leqsiT `merani~, memkvidreobad gadasca XX 

saukunes. 

literaturam asazrdova erovnuli suli. 

erTi saukune ver warmoSobs mraval genioss. polikarpe 

kakabaZe baraTaSvilis Sesaxeb wers: `baraTaSvili, Cemis azriT, 

... aris qarTveli eris poeziis sindisi da ase darCeba 

albaT, sul. aseTi poeti ibadeba aTas weliwadSi erTxel. 

saukuneSi ar ibadeba, arc or saukuneSi~ (kakabaZe 1975: 121). 

aTaswleulebs asazrdoebs baraTaSvilis, rusTavelis, 

baironis suliskveTeba da ideebi. am ideebiT gatacebuli 

adamianebi iqcevian Tavganwirul gmirebad, xolo eris poeturi 

SesaZleblobebi poulobs gzas da ganuzomlad maRldeba. 

* * * 

XX saukunis literaturam udidesi dartyma ganicada. 

materializmi, marqsizmi, aTeizmi, xolo saxelmwifo 

wyobaSi totalitarizmi, kacobriobisaTvis manamde arnaxuli 

simkacriT daawva adamianTa sulebs da maT yofas. sisxlis 

mdinareebi, jaSuSuri sistema da adamianTa devna manamde arnaxul 

masStabebs iRebs. mizanmimarTulad xdeba adamianTa 

sulebis daknineba da gadagvareba. adamiani idevneba RvTisa 

da moyvasis siyvarulisaTvis, sikeTisaTvis, patiosnebisaTvis! 

aTeisturi da kacTmoZule saxelmwifo yvelaze metad 

ebrZoda adamianTa Soris siyvarulis grZnobas, Tavisuflebas. 

ruseTis revoluciam da miT motanilma wyobam sruliad 

Semoabruna XIX saukunis ganwyobilebebi da ideaTa samyaro, 

romelic kvebavda mTel kacobriobas da maT Soris saqarTvelos. 

igi gaafTrebiT SeebrZola swored am ideebs da dasca 

garkveulwilad. usamarTlo da sisxliani dro, roca igi 

xangrZlivad grZeldeba, adamianebs akninebs sulierad. 

90

qarTuli literatura am periodSi saSineli wnexis qveS 

aRmoCnda. gamravlda mliqvneluri literatura. adamianebi 

Tavis gadasarCenad da mdgomareobis mosapoveblad werdnen 

imas, risic ar sjerodaT. werdnen ukuRma, Savs TeTrad, 

TeTrs Savad, keTils borotad, borots keTilad. iyo qeba 

jalaTebis, mkvlelebis, jaSuSebis, mxvretelebis. erTma 

poetma leqsi uZRvna im sabargo manqanas, riTac adamianebi 

sapatimrodan dasaxvretad gadahyavdaT! Camoyalibda socialisturi 

realizmi, romlis arsi iyo ukuRma Cveneba sinamdvilisa. 

es iyo sicruis literatura, romlisagan dRemde 

mTlianad ver ganTavisuflebula mwerloba. 

dadumdnen bulbulebi. yalb notebze aiZulebdnen maT 

yefas. daumorCilebelni sastikad isjebodnen. sapatimro, 

tanjva da sikvdili iyo maTi xvedri. 

magram Zlieri suli tanjvaSi kidev ufro iwrToba da 

izrdeba, kidev ufro daumorCilebeli xdeba. wamebisa da 

Tavganwirvis fasad axali ca ixsneba SemoqmedisaTvis, axal 

simaRleebs miwvdeba misi suli da Seicnobs Seucnobels, Semoqmedebis 

axal saidumlos eziareba. 

`mraval arian Cinebulni da mcired rCeulni~, ambobs 

wminda wigni (maTe 22.14). 

am mcireTa Soris iyo lado asaTiani, wamebuli poeti da 

raindi, didi Tavganwirvis fasad rom qmnida literaturas, 

romlis gamo Seiyvara igi qarTvelma erma. 

Tavganwiruli gmiris idea, romelic XIX saukuneSi 

romantizmma daamkvidra, XX saukunis qarTul poeziaSi axali 

ZaliT ametyvelda lado asaTianis SemoqmedebiT. 

ra aspeqtebi akavSirebT baraTaSvilsa da asaTians? 

es aris didi, zRvardaudebeli siyvaruli da Tavganwirvis 

gancda. tragikuli, sabediswero siyvaruli, romelic 

sulac ar SemoisazRvreba qalisadmi grZnobiT, gadadis sxva, 

Zlier formebSi. baraTaSvilTan is zogadsakacobrio tkivilebs 

eziareba, asaTianTan _ samSoblos sevdiT imoseba. 

àr ukiJino, satrfoo, Sensa mgosansa gulisTqma, 

mokvdavsa enas ar ZaluZs ukvdavTa grZnobaT gamoTqma~... 

_ wers baraTaSvili. 

asaTianis grZnobebi satrfosadmi miZRvnil leqsSi gadadis 

samSoblosadmi siyvarulis RaRadisSi: 

`me igi miyvars, visac uyvarda 

Tavisi qveynis xalxi da miwa. 

`me Sen miyvarxar da saqarTvelo, 

91

92 

uTqvenod, aba, ram gamaxaros! 

miwav, mterTagan dauTrgunvelo, 

gTxov, Seni kalTa gadamafaro!~ 

(a.v.-s, 1940) (asaTiani 1986: 60-61) 

_ wers poeti. 

saetapo nawarmoebia lado asaTianis leqsi `wvimaSi~ (1940). 

àvdarTan gmirul brZolebiT daRlils 

arsad rom Tavi ar damexara: 

gadamefara qaSveTis TaRi, 

gadamefara da damexmara. 

orbelianis saflavTan mdgarma 

qalaqs gavZaxe leqsi qarTuli, 

.............. 

aq vaJkacurad vmRerodi marTals 

maradisobiT gadanisluli, 

aq, nariyalas xavsian karTan, 

daeca Cemi amayi suli~. 

(asaTiani 1986: 64-65) 

Tavganwirvis idea samSoblos grZnobas ukavSirdeba, poeti 

warsul gmirTa saxeebSi eZebs sayrdens am ideis xorcSesasxmelad, 

magram es warsuli da misi suraTebi Tanamedrove 

tkivilTa da suliskveTebaTa gamosaxatavad sWirdeba poets. 

swored es ar apaties da misi devna saSineli sisastikiT ganaxorcieles. 

poetis maZiebeli suli am Tavdaviwyebul siyvarulSi 

samSoblosadmi, romelic religiaSi gadadis misTvis, 

poulobs Tavis Tavs da arsebobis mizans. 

1940 wlidan lado asaTianis SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebiT 

Zlierdeba mebrZoli, erovnuli ganwyobileba, romelic 

TandaTan, ufrodaufro tragikul elfers iRebs. 

misi cnobili `salaRobo~ TiTqos iwyebs am axal etaps 

poetis SemoqmedebaSi. 

1940 wlidan yayaCos simboluri saxe-metafora Semodis 

asaTianis poeziaSi, `qarTlis gzaze~, `yayaCo~, `krwanisis yayaCoebi~ 

_ samSoblosaTvis daRvrili sisxlis metaforaa, 

rac aRiniSna kidec poetisadmi miZRvnil kvlevebSi (m. 

lebaniZe, i. gadilia da sxv.). 

warsuli drois gmiruli brZolebi da Tavganwirva sam- 

Soblosa da TavisuflebisaTvis, Tanamedroveobis tragikul 

movlenaTa asociacias iwvevs.

yayaCos saxe-metafora TandaTan ufro Rrma targizmiT 

imsWvaleba. leqsSi `krwanisis yayaCoebi~ pirvelad da manamde 

yvelaze mniSvnelovnad, warmoCindeba Tavganwiruli gmiris 

gancda. 

am periodidan, 1940 wlidan, situacia gansakuTrebiT iZabeba 

qveyanaSi, msoflio omi, faqtiurad, dawyebulia, fineT- 

Si ukve omia. 1939 wels xom ladoc gaiwvies jarSi, magram gza- 

Si mZimed avad gaxda da adgilze Casuli, gamoabrunes. am periodidan 

TandaTan ufro Rrmavdeba poetis cnobierebaSi 

omisa da brZolis mZime gancda. 

1940-dan sicocxlis bolomde, msoflio omis sastik periodSi 

iwereba lado asaTianis brwyinvale, patriotuli suliskveTebiT 

savse lirikuli Sedevrebi. 

lado ar wers faSisturi germaniisa da ruseTis omis Sesaxeb, 

es Tema TiTqos misi poeziis miRma rCeba, igi wers leqsebs 

saqarTvelos warsul dReTa siZliereze da im brZolebze, 

romlebmac qveyanas dideba moutana da TviTmyofadoba 

SeunarCuna. 

nika agiaSvilisadmi frontze gagzavnil baraTSi poeti 

wers: `Camodi, Camodi, mag ZaRlTapir faSistebs uSenodac 

mouvlian!.. Tu kaci xar, Tavi daanebe mand fxakurs da wamodi 

aqeT _ motocikletiT. 24.9.1942~ (asaTiani 1986: 147). 

germania-sabWoTa kavSiris omi saqarTveloSi, mis inteligenciasa 

da antikomunisturad ganwyobil sazogadoebis nawilSi, 

aRiqmeboda rogorc ruseT-germaniis omi, omi or totalitarul, 

moZalade reJims Soris. orive am reJims, fa- 

Sizmsa da sabWour, lenin-stalinur saxelmwifo reJims, ubedureba 

mohqondaT kacobriobisaTvis, da orives damxoba iyo 

natvra progresuli kacobriobisa, orive maTganisagan gan- 

Tavisufleba iyo ocneba qarTvelisac. 

mravali sicocxle Seewina sastik, sabWour reJims saqar- 

TveloSi, brZola iyo ara mxolod TofiT da xmliT, aramed 

kalmiT, sityviT, da es iyo yvelaze Zlieri da efeqturi 

brZolis meTodi. am Seupovar brZolas Seewirnen maRali 

gonebis da niWis adamianebi. am brZolas miuZRvna Tavisi sicocxle 

lado asaTianma da wmindaniviT Seewira kidec mas. 

1942 wels kulminacias aRwevs ruseT-germaniis omis daZabuloba. 

kavkasions, svaneTs moadga germaniis jari, Tbilisis 

Tavze germaniis TviTmfrinavebi frendnen. Ram-RamobiT fanjrebze 

Sav qsovils afarebdnen, rom ar miegnoT sinaTleze 

germanelebs dasaxlebuli punqtisaTvis, wiTel mklavsaxveviani 

moqalaqeebi, qalebi da kacebi mTeli Rame dadiodnen 

93

quCebSi da patrulirebdnen, sadme sinaTle ar gamoCndeso, 

TiTqos germanelebi ise ver miagnebdnen Tbiliss da Tu 

moindomebdnen, ver dabombavdnen. isini xom isedac frendnen 

Tbilisis Tavze, magram ar bombavdnen, CvenTvis ucnobia, Tu 

ratom. albaT, es maTi kavkasiuri politikis nawili iyo. 

swored, 1942 wels gansakuTrebiT mZimdeba lado asaTianis 

piradi tragedia, misi avadmyofoba Zlierdeba, da poets 

ukve sikvdilis aCrdili dasdevs, magram igi kidev ufro didi 

SeupovrobiT ibrZvis da swored am weliwads wers Tavisi 

Semoqmedebis Sedevrs, leqss `cxra Zma xerxeuliZe~. 

amave weliwads iqmneba `basianis brZola~, àspinZa~, `qar- 

Tveli oqromWedlebis simRera~ _ leqsebi, gamsWvalulni 

Seupovari brZolis JiniT da Tavganwirvis ideebiT. 

1942 wlis seqtemberSi poeti nika agiaSvils wers, rom 

wignis gamocemas dapirdnen. `wigns `winaprebi~ unda davarqva... 

Sig moTavsdeba sul 16 leqsi: `salaRobo~, `cxra Zma 

xerxeuliZe~, `qarTveli oqromWedlebis simRera~, àspinZa~, 

`gulbaaT WavWavaZe~, `krwanisis yayaCoebi~, `cixis sizmari~, 

`qarTuli ena~, `basianis brZola~, `manana orbelianis suraTze~, 

`babuaCemi~, `bardnala~, `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo 

saxeli~, `pirveli mWedlebi~, `sarwyuli~, ìvane javaxiSvilisadmi~ 

(asaTiani 1986: 146). 

lado asaTianis TiTqmis yvela Sedevri unda dabeWdiliyo 

am patara wignSi, magram wigni stambaSive gaanadgures, 

ladom sisxli anTxia... am bneli saqmis moTave mweralTa 

kavSiris maRalCinosani gaxldaT, gaafTrebiT rom devnida 

poets. lados erTbaSad gaurTulda daavadeba da undoda 

moeswro Tavisi Sedevrebis wignad gamocema... `me male unda 

mivicvalo~ _ werda igi n. agiaSvils 1942 wels (asaTiani 1986: 

146), Cemi cxovreba xanmokle iqneba~ _ werda igi ubis wignakSi 

(asaTiani 1986: 127). `me kargad vici, male movkvdebi~ 

(asaTiani 2005: 81), _ werda igi jer kidev 1941 wels, ocda- 

CvidmetSi gadasaxlebul dedisadmi miZRvnil leqsSi. 

misi wignis ganadgurebis Semdeg poeti miswers nika 

agiaSvils daxasiaTebas im adamianisa, mudmivad rom upirispirdeboda 

da devnida mas. igulisxmeboda mweralTa kavSiris 

is maRalCinosani, lados wignis ganadgurebaSi rom edeboda 

brali: 

`...o, rogor mZuls da mezizReba zogi xepre da boTlis 

Tayvanismcemeli, kargad nasadilevi adamianis saxe rom aqvs. 

sazarelia misi tanisamosi, aRnagoba, yvelafriT rom kmayofilia, 

TiTqos rom araferi ar aklia, yvelaferi rom Tavis 

94

adgilze aqvs, magram ar gaaCnia Sno, lazaTi da mSveniereba, 

TvalebSi uazroba Casdgomia... aseTi adamianis guli bnelia, 

rogorc Zunwi kacis saflavi~...~ (asaTiani 1986: 147). 

mravali mware funagoriiT Seamko lado asaTianma mweralTa 

garkveuli wre da maTi moTave, mweralTa kavSiris 

Tavmjdomare. xolo Tavis ubis wignakSi poeti werda Semdeg 

teqstebs: `mdivnebi wavlen wamovlen, mwerlebi darCebiano~ 

(asaTiani 1986: 127). ìseTi gamoxedva aqvs, yvelafers ikadrebs, 

giRalatebs, mogatyuebs, or groSad gagyidis~ (asaTiani 

1986: 126). `sazizRaria daqiravebuli poeti~! (asaTiani 

1986: 124). 

am Seurigebeli poziciis gamo asaTianis devna kidev ufro 

gamkacrda. 

is da misi ojaxi gausaZlis materialur siviwroveSi Caagdes. 

esec represiis forma iyo. mudmivi devna, Tavdasxmebi da 

sastiki siRatake iyo is meqanizmebi, romliTac unda gaenadgurebinaT 

maTTvis arasasurveli, daumorCilebeli sulis 

poeti. 

am periodSi poeti ukve namdvili Tavganwiruli mxedaria 

TviTon. jer kidev 1940 wels igi iwinaswarmetyvelebs, rom 

male iqneba `bnel ukuneTSi gadavardnili~! (ànderZi~, 

asaTiani 1986: 43). 

moaxloebuli sikvdilis gancda mas afiqrebs axalgazrda 

geniosTa naadrev sikvdilze. `ra iqneboda tolstoisa da 

goeTes xnis baironi, puSkini, baraTaSvili, an lermontovi~? 

_ werda igi Tavis ubis wignakSi (asaTiani 1986: 122). 

genialur poetTa didi nawili naadrevi sikvdilis 

xvedrs iziareben. lados bunebrivad axsendeba baironi, puSkini, 

baraTaSvili da lermontovi, radgan igi grZnobs, rom 

male maT beds gaiziarebs. baironi ocdaTeqvsmetis, puSkini 

_ ocdaCvidmetis, baraTaSvili _ ocdarvis, lermontovi _ 

ocdaSvidis, xolo asaTiani ocdaeqvsi wlis asakSi toveben 

sicocxles, protestantuli suli, zomaze meti energia da 

dapirispireba arsebulTan, aCqareben maradisobaSi maT 

gadasvlas. 

da Tu sikvdili garduvalia, _ `gana ar sjobs movkvdeT 

axalgazrda, roca mwared dagvitireben~? _ ambobs baironi 

`don-Juanis~ IV simReraSi (baironi : 206). 

baironis es ganwyobileba bediswerasTan SebrZolebisa, 

protesti adamianuri arsebobis kanonebze, sicocxlis warmavalobaze, 

sikvdilze, _ rom mSveniereba, sicocxle da silamaze 

warmavalia, rom tragikulia adamianis bedi... es sa- 

95

kiTxebi protestiT da titanuri ZaliT dasmuli baironis SemoqmedebaSi, 

mis `manfredSi~, `kaenSi~, `don-JuanSi~, `Caild 

haroldSi~ da sxv. genialur qmnilebebSi, mTel kacobriobas 

moedo da moitana udidesi Zvrebi, Tavisufleba da siaxle 

kacobriobis azrovnebaSi, sulier wyobaSi. literaturaSi 

man moitana romantikuli, Tavganwiruli gmiris axali saxe, 

romelic gansxvavdeba manamde arsebul literaturul saxeebisagan. 

am baironistul ganwyobilebaTa Soreuli afeTqebaa 

`merani~, romlis erT-erT memkvidred XX saukunis qar- 

Tul literaturaSi SeiZleba vigulisxmoT lado asaTianis 

poezia, Tavisi Seupovari srboliT Tavisuflebisaken, siaxlisaken, 

bedisweris winaaRmdeg brZolisaken. 

lado asaTianis Tavganwiruli mxedrebi, misi samasi aragveli 

da cxra Zma xerxeuliZe Soreuli gamoZaxilia baraTaSvilis 

Tavganwiruli mxedrisa, im idealuri romantikuli 

gmirisa, romelic baironistulma literaturam moitana da 

romlis ganwyobilebebi mTel kacobriobas moedo udidesi 

ZaliT da axal-axali saxecvlilebebiT Sevida ara marto XIX 

saukunis literaturaSi, aramed agreTve XX saukunis literaturaSic, 

roca romantizmi aRar aris damoukidebeli literaturuli 

mimdinareoba, magram axal-axali saxecvlilebebiT 

ganagrZobs arsebobas sxvadasxva literaturul mimdinareobebSi. 

igi garkveuli saxecvlilebebiT isev ikavebs 

adgils did mweralTa da moazrovneTa SemoqmedebaSi, axalaxal 

literaturul mimdinareobaTa esTetikaSi, romelTa 

saTaveebi da fesvebi romantizmis esTetikaSi devs. 

romantizmis sxvadasxva tipologiuri aspeqtebi SeiniSneba 

galaktion tabiZis, ana kalandaZis, lado asaTianis 

poeziaSi. 

Tavganwiruli gmiris tipologiuri aspeqti lado asaTianis 

araerT nawarmoebSi SeiniSneba, magram gansakuTrebiT 

reliefurad warmoCinda igi leqsSi `cxra Zma xerxeuliZe~, 

sadac leqsis formaca da Sinaarsic ki baraTaSvilis `meran- 

Tan~ naTesaobas amJRavnebs. Tumca asaTianis leqsi damoukidebelia 

da mimbaZvelobis araviTari niSan-wyali ar gaaCnia. 

tragikuli gancda irealuri mernisa da misi Tavganwiruli 

mxedrisa, omi sastik bediswerasTan da bedis samZRvris 

gmiruli gadalaxva zeadamianuri titanuri ZaliT, daZleva 

xorcieli, amqveyniuri yovelgvari vnebis, siyvarulis, naTesauri 

Tu mSobliuri grZnobis da mTlianad gadasvla mistikur, 

Seupovar brZolaSi kacobrivi bunebis tragizmis winaaRmdeg, 

rac `meranSia~ warmosaxuli, tipologiurad axali 

96

saxecvlilebebiT gvevlineba lado asaTianis leqsSi. mxolod, 

asaTianTan is didi abstraqcia, rac baraTaSvilis nawarmoebSia, 

aRar SeiniSneba. asaTianis qmnilebaSi ufro konkretuli 

xdeba garemoc, ufro realur situacias warmosaxavs, 

aq brZolaa marabdis velze, magram brZolaa RvTiuri da 

sabediswero. 

`mirbis, mimafrens ugzo-ukvlod Cemi merani, 

ukan momCxavis TvalbediTi Savi yorani~! 

(baraTaSvili 1968: 120) 

ès gafrenili fafari, Tu mSobliuri nislia? 

visia cxra bedauri, cxra danaxtuli visia~? 


orive leqsSi pirvelive striqonebidan irealuri raSis 

saxe-simbolo tragikuli srboliT udides sulier tkivils 

gamoxatavs. saocari energia TiTqos ukve uxorco personaJTa 

sulieri ltolvisa, gamTbari miTosuri, zRapruli ra- 

Sis saxismetyvelebiTi asociaciiT. 

asaTianis leqsi ufro konkretulia Tavisi mizandasaxulebiTac. 

aq brZolaa marabdis velze, magram brZola RvTiuri, 

samSoblos ideisaTvis, romelsac maradiuli Rirebuleba 

gaaCnia. aq Tavganwiruli mxedrebi am ideisaTvis ibrZvian da 

ewirebian mas. leqsSi konkretuli ambavi zogad saxes iRebs 

Tavganwiruli brZolisa RvTiuri miznisaTvis. 

`meranSi~, msgavsad baironis qmnilebebisa, brZolaa bediswerasTan, 

mis kanonebTan, da am brZolisaTvis poetis 

suli, misi simboluri, Tavganwiruli mxedari, Tmobs yvelafers, 

yvela uZvirfases Rirebulebas. is swiravs am brZolas 

ara marto sakuTar sicocxles, aramed sicocxleze uZvirfases 

kategoriebs. magram orive leqsSi aris saerTo tipologiuri 

aspeqti _ tragikuli, Tavganwiruli mxedris saxe-simbolo, 

poetis sulis ltolvas rom gamoxatavs da mis survils 

_ Seewiros Tavis umaRles, ukeTilSobiles, RvTaebriv 

mizans. 

ès mSobliuri qaria Cveni algeTis velebis 

Tu sunTqva qarbuqiani fafarayrili mernebis? 

mernebo, velur floqvebiT miwa amaod datoreT, 

amaod gaficxebulxarT, amaod uxmobT patronebs~. 

(asaTiani 1986: 82). 

97

asaTianis leqsi `meranis~ daweridan asi wlis Semdeg daiwera, 

1942 wels. 

baraTaSvilis leqsebis umetesi nawili, 36 leqsidan 21 

leqsi, iwyeba zmniT, pirdapir moqmedebiT, xolo kidev aT 

leqsSi pirvelive striqonSia zmna. qarTul literaturaSi 

msgavsi garemoeba arc erT poetTan ar dasturdeba. asaTianis 

zogierTi leqsi odnav uaxlovdeba mas am TvalsazrisiT. 

zmnebis simravliTa da eqspresiiTac ramdenadme enaTesaveba 

asaTianis leqsi baraTaSvilis qmnilebas, mis tipologiur 

rkalSi eqceva. 

16-marcvlovania asaTianis leqsi, baraTaSvilTan 14marcvlovani 

da 20-marcvlovani striqonebi monacvleoben. 

orive leqsi katreniTaa dawerili, oriveSi mosazRvre riTmebia 

gamoyenebuli, mxolod baraTaSvilTan riTma ufro 

zusti da daxvewilia. asaTianis leqsi mTlianad daqtiluri 

riTmiTaa gawyobili, baraTaSvilTan daqtili, qore da zedaqtiluri 

riTmebi cvlian erTmaneTs sxvadasxva strofebSi. 

ritmika leqsebisa imdenad enaTesaveba erTmaneTs, rom 

bunebrivad, Zaxilis niSnebic ki meordeba, mxolod asaTian- 

Tan Zaxilis niSans zogjer kiTxvis niSani cvlis, an emateba. 

baraTaSvilis qmnilebaSi kiTxvis niSani saerTod ar aris. 

leqsikuri erTeuli `merani~ orjer gamoyenebuli asaTianTan, 

saocrad zustad gadmogvcems poetis ganwyobilebas 

da eTanxmeba leqsis saerTo stilizacias. 

98 

`nu Seefarvi, Cemo mfrinavo, nuca sicxes, nuca avdarsa, 

nu Semibraleb daqanculobiT Tavganwirulsa Sensa 

mxedarsa!~ 

(baraTaSvili 1968: 120) 

`mernebo, velur floqvebiT miwa amaod datoreT, 

amaod gaficxebulxarT, amaod uxmobT patronebs~. 


TviT forma, poeturi mimarTva Tavisi irealuri raSisadmi, 

meranisadmi, asaTianTan meordeba baraTaSviliseburad, 

baraTaSviluria is saocari, energiuli da tragikuli 

intonacia leqsisa, romelic asaTianis nawarmoebs mTlianad 

moicavs. 

ès gafrenili fafari, Tu mSobliuri nislia~? 

`mirbis, mimafrens ugzo-ukvlod...~

asaTianTan araCveulebrivi eqspresiiT meordeba bara- 

TaSvilis ukvdavi, TiTqos Cveulebrivi, sxva mweralTa Tu 

adamianTa sasaubro metyvelebaSi uamravjer, nairgvar konteqstSi 

gamoyenebuli leqsikuri erTeuli _ `mimafrens~, 

gardaqmnili axal leqsikur erTeulad _ `gafrenili~. am or 

nawarmoebSi es sityvebi sruliad axal sicocxles iZenen da 

gvarwmuneben, rom sityva marTlac RmerTia, _ geniosTa, 

WeSmarit poetTa mier Tqmuli. da igive sityva, _ mxolod 

Cveulebrivia, da arafriT gamorCeuli sxva, Cveulebriv 

adamianTa bageebSi. 

lado asaTians gansakuTrebiT uyvars grigol orbeliani. 

es dasturdeba misi poeziidanac da Canawerebidanac. uyvars 

orbelianis vaJkacuri SemarTeba da mebrZoli suli, igi misi 

poetia, eTayvaneba mas. lado asaTians uyvars orbelianis 

poeziaSi ametyvelebuli Sua saukuneebis romantika, warsulis 

xedva, igi Tavisi poeziiT araerTgzis exmianeba da eyrdnoba 

orbelians. mis araerT leqsSi gaigonebT orbelianis 

poeziis gamoZaxils. 

magram mTavari nawarmoebebiT lado asaTiani baraTaSvilTan 

midis, misi mTavari idea, Tavganwiruli mxedris saxiT 

ametyvelebuli, baraTaSviluria, `meranis~ avtoris tipologiur 

rkalSi eqceva. 

asaTianis Tavganwiruli, tragikuli mxedrebi, misi naxevrad 

miTiuri cxra Zma xerxeuliZe, baraTaSvilis Tavganwiruli 

mxedris tipologiur aspeqts warmoadgenen. 

* * * 

asaTianisaTvis marabda damarcxebuli da damonebuli 

saqarTvelos, misi awmyos tragikuli saxe iyo. damarcxeba, 

sadac gmirebi Seewirnen samSoblosaTvis brZolas, Tavganwirva, 

romelsac moaqvs sulieri gamarjveba. asea gancdili 

leqsSi marabdis omi da igi exmianeba poetis awmyos, saqarTvelos 

istoriis im tragikul xanas, sadac poets mouxda 

cxovreba. 

tragizmi, sulieri gamarjvebaa fizikur damarcxebaSi. 

gmiruli sikvdili gamarjvebaa pirovnebisa. am sikvdiliT 

moraluri gamarjveba xdeba umaRlesi ideisa, sulieri gamarjveba 

fizikuri ganadgurebis fasad xorcieldeba 

TavganwirvaSi. 

Tavganwirva xdeba maRali moraluri RirebulebebisaTvis, 

RmerTisaTvis, samSoblosaTvis. 

99

Tavganwiruli RmerTi, tanjuli RmerTi yvela RmerTebze 

Zlieria, igi marad cocxalia, da gamarjvebulia yvela 

gamarjvebulze metad. 

ra iqneboda qristianuli moZRvreba, rom ar yofiliyo 

jvarcma, es sakiTxi dgas religiaSi da mas erTi pasuxi aqvs, 

am TavganwirviT, am sikvdiliT xdeba sikvdilis damarcxeba, 

srulqmna moZRvrebisa, Torem RmerTs yovelTvis SeeZlo am 

ukiduresi gamosavlis Tavidan acileba, mas SeeZlo ar 

aRsrulebuliyo jvarcmiT, magram maSin igi qriste aRar 

iqneboda. 

baraTaSvilis Tavganwiruli mxedari aRasrulebs udides 

mistikur aqts, imarjvebs sikvdilze. igi maradiuli sicocxlis 

nawili xdeba. Tavganwiruli mxedaris gamarjveba sikvdilSi 

udidesi zeimia sulis. am sakiTxTa ametyvelebiT 

baraTaSvili, evropuli romantizmis korifeTa msgavsad, 

ukavSirdeba jvarcmuli RmerTis ideas. 

baraTaSvilis Tavganwiruli mxedaris tipologiuri 

aspeqtebi asaTianis poeziaSi SeiniSneba. 

damowmebani: 

asaTiani 1986: asaTiani l. rCeuli. Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1986. 

asTiani 2005: asaTiani l. saqarTveloSi. Tb.: gamomcemloba 

ìnteleqti~, 2005. 

baraTaSvili 1842: baraTaSvili n. leqsebi. avtografi. 1842. 

xelnawerTa erovnuli centri H-1115. xelnawerTa aRweriloba. t. III. 

Tb.: saq. ssr mecn. akademiis gamomcemloba, 1948. 

baraTaSvili 1843: baraTaSvili n. leqsebis krebuli. avtografi. 1843. 

xelnawerTa erovnuli centri H-2516. 

baraTaSvili 1943: baraTaSvili n. leqsebis krebuli. avtografi. 1843. 

xelnawerTa erovnuli centri H-2033. qarTul xelnawerTa 

aRweriloba. t. IV. Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1965. 

baraTaSvili 1860: baraTaSvili n. `Cems merans~. ciskari, № 77, Tb.: 

1860. 

baraTaSvili 1968: baraTaSvili n. Txzulebani. Tb.: `sabWoTa 


baironi : The Illustrated Byron. With upwards of two hundred Engrawings from 

original drawings by Kenny Meadows, Birket Forster, Harlat K. Browne. Gustave Janet 

and Edward Morin. London: Harry visitelly. Gough SQ. Fleet st. 

veziriSvili 1889: veziriSvili m. nikoloz baraTaSvili da misi dro. 

gaz. ìveria~, № 247, Tb.: 1889. 

ingoroyva 1968: ingoroyva p. nikoloz baraTaSvilis TxzulebaTa 

teqstis istoria. wignSi: n. baraTaSvili. Txzulebani. Tb.: `sabWoTa 


100

kakabaZe 1975: kakabaZe p. `Cemi pirveli maswavlebeli xalxi iyo~... 

publikacia Tina kobalaZisa. kritika, Tb.: gamomcemloba `merani~, 1975. 

leoniZe 1935: leoniZe g. ori SeniSvna baraTaSvilze. krebulSi: 

literaturuli memkvidreoba. wigni I. Tsu, 1935. 

lolaSvili 1968: lolaSvili i. nikoloz baraTaSvilis 

literaturuli memkvidreoba. Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1968. 

mamacaSvili 1881: mamacovi k. nikoloz baraTaSvili (masalebi 

biografiisaTvis). gaz. `droeba~, № 206, Tb.: 1881. 

Rvimeli 1865: Rvimeli. Cueni drois mwerlebi. ciskari, № 7, Tb.: 1865. 

furcelaZe 1867: moeniZe zurab (anton furcelaZe). Seusrulebeli 

suraTi. gaz. `droeba~, № 35, Tb.: 1867. 

cagareli 1870: cagareli al. Cveni ubeduri mwignobroba am saukuneSi. 

gaz. `droeba~, № 247-251, Tb.: 1870. 

WavWavaZe 1892: WavWavaZe i. nikoloz baraTaSvili. gaz. ìveria~, № 77, 

Tb.: 1892. 

WavWavaZe 1985: WavWavaZe i. rCuli nawarmoebebi xuT tomad. t. II, Tb.: 


101

102 

aliteracia da paronimiuli atraqcia 

Tamar lomiZe 

nikoloz baraTaSvilis poetur teqstebSi paronimiuli 

atraqciis nimuSTa kvlevisas wamoiWra, erTi mxriv, aliteraciisa 

da, meore mxriv, paronimiuli atraqciis, rogorc teqstis 

organizebis specifikuri xerxebis mkacri definiciis 

aucilebloba, raTa Tavidan agvecilebina rigi uzustobebisa. 

rogorc cnobilia, aliteracia aris bgeraTa ganmeoreba 

sityvebisa da taepebis dasawyisSi. zogierT enaSi, romlebis- 

Tvisac damaxasiaTebelia sityvaTmaxvili pirvel marcvalze 

(finur enebSi, germanul enebSi) aliteracia teqstis Ziri- 

Tad maorganizebel xerxs warmoadgens. 

qarTul leqsSi aliteracia gvxvdeba rogorc maxvilian, 

aseve _ umaxvilo marcvlebSi. 

aliteracia, romelic fonetikurad aaxloebs sityvebs, 

aaxloebs maT semantikuradac; iseT iluzias warmoSobs, 

TiTqos am sityvebs identuri referentebi hqondeT. i. tinianovi 

aRniSnavda, rom e.w.`simultanurobis~ efeqti warmoiqmneba 

sityvaTa aliteraciuli kavSiris meSveobiT _ sityvebi 

`miizideba~ erTmaneTisken da aRiqmeba ara rogorc sintagmebi, 

aramed _ rogorc sityvebis paradigmatuli kona, ara rogorc 

gansxvavebul leqsikur erTeulTa mimdevrobebi, aramed 

_ rogorc myisierad aRqmadi erTiani `sityva~. 

aliteraciisgan gansxvavebiT, paronimiuli atraqcia 

aucileblad warmoadgens sityvaTa Semadgeneli ama Tu im 

morfemis nawils, anu aucilebelia, rom paronimiuli atraqciiT 

SekavSirebul sityvebSi erT-erTis romelime morfema 

mainc ixliCebodes da amgvarad danawevrebuli morfemis 

erT-erTi nawili fonetikurad identuri iyos meore sityvis 

romelime morfemisa an morfemis nawilisa. 

sityvis gamoyofili nawilebi warmoSobs axal morfemebs 

_ e.w.kvazimorfemebs (stepanovi 1975: 35; favorini 1937: 99; 

xanpira 1972: 280; xarjievi 1970: 222-227). 

nik. baraTaSvilis poeturi teqstebis analizis Sedegad 

gamovlinda Semdegi kanonzomierebebi: 

1. Tu ori kvazimorfemidan erT-erTi wyvilTanxmovniania 

(CC), maSin meore maTgani aucileblad CVC tipisaa (mw _ miZ, 

xr _ yur, lod _ ld) da a.S.);

2. erTi kvazimorfemis mJRer Tanxmovnebs Sesabameba meore 

kvazimorfemis yru Tanxmovnebi (krZ _ qrc, fl _ bl, 

qncl _ gnwr, xr _ Rr, Tq _ dg), anda mkveTr yru Tanxmovnebs 

Seesabameba yru fSvinvieri Tanxmovnebi (mc _ mw, kr _ 

qnr, cd _ wT da sxv.). 

3. xSirad gvxvdeba TanxmovanTa gadaadgilebebi kvazimorfemebSi 

(sl _ ls, xT _ Tx, vrt _ vtr). 

amasTan, Tu aliteracia ganapirobebs teqstis simultanur 

aRqmas da am gziT axdens mis semantikur deformacias, 

paronimiuli atraqciis Sedegad TiToeul sityvaSi gamoiyofa 

ori morfema _ erTi, romelTanac konvenciurad dakavSirebulia 

sityvis mniSvneloba da meore, romelic kvazimorfemaa 

da gulisxmobs sityvisadmi axali mniSvnelobis dakav- 

Sirebas, misi semantikis Secvlas, sityvis mier axali referentis 

aRniSvnas. 

orive SemTxvevaSi _ rogorc aliteraciis, aseve paronimiuli 

atraqciis zegavleniT _ teqstis semantika bundovandeba, 

oRond aliteracia ganapirobebs teqstSi paradigmatulobis 

polusis (msgavsebis principis) upirates gamoxatvas, 

xolo paronimiuli atraqciis wyalobiT teqsti amJRavnebs 

ukiduresi danawevrebis tendencias, e.i. miiswrafvis 

sintagmaturobis polusisken (momijnaveobis principis upiratesi 

gamoxatvis gziT). 

rogorc iTqva, aliteracia gvxvdeba ZiriTadad sityvis 

Tavkidur marcvlebSi, paronimiuli atraqcia ki SeiZleba 

Segvxvdes sityvis nebismier nawilSi, magram Tu is erT sityvis 

boloSia, maSin is ar SeiZleba iyos meore sityvis boloSi 

_ es iqneba riTma. ∗ 

savaraudod, aliteraciisa da paronimiuli atraqciis 

xvedriTi wona sxvadasxva poetTan sxvadasxvagvari unda 

iyos. bunebrivia, rom iq, sadac upiratesi yuradReba eqceva 

leqsis keTilxmovanebas, ufro xSirad Segvxvdeba aliteraciis 

gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi. 

rac Seexeba paronimiul atraqcias, Cven jerjerobiT gamovikvlieT 

mxolod nik. baraTaSvilis teqstebi, radgan, Cveni 

TvalsazrisiT, swored es poeturi fenomeni gulisxmobs 

∗ riTmisa da paronimiuli atraqciis urTierTmimarTeba calke gamokvlevas 

saWiroebs, kerZod, gasarkvevia, raSi mdgomareobs sityvis semantikaze maTi 

zemoqmedebis meqanizmis analogiuri da gansxvavebuli niSan-Tvisebebi. 

103

yvelaze metad leqsis bgeriTi organizebis am xerxis 

gamoyenebas. 

bunebrivia, rom enobrivi niSnebis konvenciur mniSvnelobaTa 

destruqcia, romelic xorcieldeba paronimiuli 

atraqciis zegavleniT, iwvevs teqstis semantikis gaorebas, 

anu SesaZlebeli xdeba misi orgvari wakiTxva. erTia teqsti, 

romlebSic sityvebs SenarCunebuli aqvT TavianTi tradiciuli 

semantika (da mas cnobierad aRviqvamT), meorea teqsti, 

romelic gardasaxuli sityvebisgan, kvazimorfemebis Semcveli 

sityvebisgan Sedgeba da mas, rogorc Cans qvecnobierad 

aRviqvamT. aSkaraa, rom swored amas efuZneba baraTaSvilis 

teqstebis specifikuri semantikuri amouwuraobis, polisemantizmis 

(oRond esaa specifikuri polisemantizmi) SegrZneba. 

teqstis amgvari gaoreba _ dialoguroba _ uSualo 

kavSirSia baraTaSvilis poeziis iseT TaviseburebebTan, rogorebicaa 

lirikuli `me~-s gaorebuli struqtura, sagnebisa 

da movlenebis `Tavisufali predikacia~, gansxvavebul 

TvalsazrisTa Tanabaruflebianoba erTsa da imave teqstSi. 

amitom paronimiuli atraqcia baraTaSvilis poeziis, rogorc 

erTiani sistemis organul nawilad unda miviCnioT. 

sxva epoqebSi da sxva msoflaRqmis poetebTan mas sxvagvari 

datvirTva eqneba. 

sagangebo gamokvlevas saWiroebs semantikuri deformacia, 

romelsac ganicdis poeturi teqstebi paronimiuli atraqciia 

zegavleniT, anu dasadgenia, rogor icvleba sityvis 

mniSvneloba, rodesac masze zemoqmedebs paronimiuli atraqcia. 

cxadia, amgvari kvleva unda Catardes im semantikuri 

efeqtebis analizTan erTad, romlebic warmoiSoba aliteraciis 

zegavleniT. 

sainteresoa, rom aliteraciisa da paronimiuli atraqciis 

movlenaTa ganusxvaveblobis gamo aliteraciebad xSirad 

miiCneva paronimiuli atraqciis SemTxvevebi. magaliTad, 

rodesac k. WiWinaZe aanalizebs baraTaSvilis leqsis evfonias, 

taepSi `gahkveTe qari, gaape wyali, gardaiare kldeni da 

Rreni~, ra Tqma unda, aliteraciebia, magram taepSi `nu Seefarvi, 

Cemo mfrinavo~, aliteracia ki ar gvxvdeba, aramed _ 

paronimiuli atraqcia. rac Seexeba striqons `satrfos 

cremlis wil mkvdarsa oxersa damecemian ciurni cvarni~, aq 

aliteraciaa da ara paronimiuli atraqcia, radgan am sami 

sityvis arc erTi morfema araa gaxleCili (crml — crn _ 

cvrn) da, Sesabamisad, ar gamoiyofa arc erTi kvazimorfema. 

104

atom mimarTavs poeti paronimiul atraqcias? am process 

SesaniSnavad aRwers umberto eko, Tumca misi naTqvami 

Seexeba, zogadad, axali formebis Ziebas literaturaSi:`gana 

samyaro, romelSic vcxovrobT, mowesrigebulia? ara, is 

kriziss ganicdis. is kriziss ganicdis, radgan sityvaTa rigi 

ar Seesabameba sagnebis wesrigs...samyaro danawevrebulia, mas 

Ziri moryeuli aqvs, ar gaaCnia drois koordinatebi, iseve, 

rogorc ara aqvs kanonebi enis sistemas, romelsac xelovani 

iyenebs. 

amitom xelovani ormag qmedebas axorcielebs _ is uaryofs 

tradiciul formebs, magram ar auqmebs maT, aramed 

maTsave farglebSi moqmedebs, cvlis maT da irCevs axal gramatikas, 

romelic ara imdenad mowesrigebulia, ramdenadac 

_ mouwesrigebeli... ase iRebs xelovani samyaros, romelSic 

TviTon cxovrobs, samyaros, rome;ic kriziss ganicdis~ (eko 

2004: 305-306). 

enis mowesrigebulobis erT-erTi yvelaze Zlieri gamoxatulebaa 

sityvaTa morfemebis `mimagrebuloba~ konvenciur 

mniSvnelobebTan. xelovani _ am SemTxvevaSi nikoloz 

baraTaSvili _ angrevs am wesrigs, Semoqvs axali teqsti 

teqstSi, axali semantika Zvel semantikaSi da am gziT migvaniSnebs 

samyaros krizisze, romelic sxva xerxebiT, albaT, 

araadekvaturad aisaxeboda mis poeziaSi. 

damowmebani: 

eko 2004: Эко У. Открытое произведение. Санкт-Петербург: 2004. 

stepanovi 1975: Степанов Ю.С. Основы общего языкознания. М.: 1975. 

favorini 1937: Фаворин В.Н. Заметки о языковом новаторстве Маяковского. // 

Изв. Иркутск, пед. Ин-та. Иркутск, 1937, вып. 3. 

xanpira 1972: Ханпира Эр. Окказиональные элементы в современной речи. // 

Стилистические исследования: На материале совр. рус. языка. М.: Наука, 1972. 

xarjievi 1970: Харджиев Н. Тренин В. Поэтическая культура Маяковского. М.: 

Искусство, 1970. 

105

106 

palindromi galaktionTan 

irine meliqiSvili 

òRond vTqva, Tu mTvarem sulSi 

rogor Caixeda~. 

galaktionTan organulad aris Serwymuli intuicia da 

ostatoba, talanti da codna, STagoneba da gansja, niWi da 

ganaTleba. misi niWiereba ara marto misi poeziis zeSTagonebulobas 

gansazRvravda, aramed kulturuli konteqstis 

aTvisebis saocar unars. rasac sxva, `normaluri~ niWierebis 

adamiani mravali wlis ganmavlobaSic ver aiTvisebda, igi 

TiTqos erTJamierad isrutavda, kultura misi arsebobis 

forma iyo, igi TviT iyo kultura; kultura masSi da kultura 

garemomcveli _ Zaldautaneblad, organulad erTiandeboda. 

galaktioni imdenad `kulturismieri~ poetia, rom 

mis gagebas, misi asociaciebis wvdomas mravlismomcveli 

komentarebis sistemac Znelad uzrunvelyofs. galaktionis 

momavali gamocemebi, vfiqrob, komentarebis mdidari arsenaliT 

unda gamovides, raTa mkiTxvels gaexsnas poetis kulturuli 

konteqstis sivrceebi. am azriT, galaktioni qarTuli 

postmodernis winamorbedia. misi egzistenciis forma 

aris kultura da ara yofa. aq gvaxsendeba misi sityvebi: `sinamdviles 

ar vemduri, ar yofila TiTqmis,/ar yofilze sayveduri 

aba rogor iTqmis. . .~ galaktionologia albaT kvlav 

samomavlo mecnierebaa, momcveli kulturuli sferoebisa 

uZvelesi epoqebidan Tanamedroveobasa da momavlamde (kidev 

romeli momvali mimdinareoba aRmoCndeba anticipirebuli 

galaktionTan?). 

mis CanawerebSi vxedavT saleqso xerxebis CamonaTvals, 

romelic 34 erTeulisgan Sedgeba: ionuri dimetri, Tavisufali 

leqsi, Semoklebuli riTmebi, . . . dasawyisi riTmebi, . . . 

riTma bolos winamdebare, mTliani riTmebi, Sinagani riTmebi. 

. . bgerwera. . . (javaxaZe, 1991: 411). maT Sorisaa palindromic, 

anu sarkiseburi asaxva, romelic me-17 punqtad aris 

warmodgenili mis CamonaTvalSi. 

palindromi uZvelesma kulturebmac icodnen. palindromul 

frazebs vxvdebiT berZnulad, laTinurad, sanskritze, 

Zvel ebraulad. termini palindromi Seqmna ingliselma 

mweralma ben jonsonma berZnuli sityvebiT: παλιν „ukan“ da 

δρομος „mimarTuleba, gza“. Zvel berZnebs hqondaT sakuTari

termini palindromisTvis: καρκινική επιιγραφή „kibos warwera“. 

axlac xSirad palindromul gamoTqmas “kibos kanons” uwodeben. 

grifitis saxiT Sesrulebuli uZvelesi palindromi napovnia 

herkulanumis nangrevebSi _ amrigad, misi zeda droi- 

Ti zRvaria 79 w. qristes Semdeg, rodesac is ferfliT daifara. 

es aris palindromuli oTxkuTxedi: Sator repo tenet 

opera rotas: 

S T R 

R 

T T 

R 

R T S 

SuaSi warmoqmnili jvris gamo fiqroben, rom es palindromuli 

oTxkuTxedi kodirebuli qristianuli niSani unda 

yofiliyo. sayuradReboa bizantiuri epoqis palindromi: 

νιψον ανομήματα μή μοναν οψιν „ganibane codvebi da ara piri“, 

romelic bevri qristianuli taZris fasadze iyo gamosaxuli 

(wminda sofios taZarze konstantinepolSi, mariam RvTismSoblis 

taZarze notingemSi, wminda stefanes taZarze parizSi 

da sxva eklesiebze londonSi, norfolkSi, eseqsSi, orleanSi. 

. .). palindromi SeiZleba iyos sityvis doneze, frazis 

doneze, striqonebis doneze; arsebobs rogorc fonetikuri, 

ise grafikuli palindromebi. sityvebis donis palindromis 

nimuSia: Blessed are they that beleive they are blessed. striqonebis 

doneze Sesrulebuli sakmaod vrceli leqsi „oreuli“ 

ekuTvnis jeims lindons. cnobilia musikaluri palindromebi. 

palindromulia haidnis simfonia 47, bela bartokis 

nawarmoebebi, igor stravinskis ukanaskneli nawarmoebi „bu 

da fiso“. palindromi bgrebiT da frazebiT TamaSia, romliskenac 

miuwevT guli poetebs, musikosebs da enaTmecnierebs 

_ gavixsenoT Tundac ferdinand de sosiuris, semiotikis 

fuZemdeblis, interesi anagramebisadmi, romlebic 

aseve enobriv niSanSi bgeraTa gadanacvlebas efuZneba. palindromi 

anagramis kerZo saxeobas warmoadgens. sainteresoa 

am TvalsazrisiT dRevandeli lingvistur-semiotikuri 

eqsperimentebi Tu TamaSebi, „eqsperimentuli poezia“, „lingvisturi 

poezia“, romlebic literaturul teqsts cnobieri 

eqsperimentebis sagnad aqcevs (ix. mag. qimeriZe, 2009) 

galaktionis interess palindromis mimarT misi savarji- 

Soebi da palindromuli strofebi avlens. galaktionis erT- 

107

erT ubis wignakSi palindromul sityvaTa da gamoTqmaTa 

vrcel sias vxedavT: 

am JamaT — TamaSma 

gedva _ avdeg 

ekras _ sarke 

avsa _ asva 

sra _ ars 

da rqa _ aq rad 

ideba _ abedi 

niSam _ maSin 

ha imeri _ iremia 

ase rada _ adaresa 

sarke im _ miekras 

ai mefe _ efemia 

melam _ malem 

elami _ imale 

exarxare _ eraxraxe 

alva _ avla 

Taro _ oraT 

simZimis _ simi Zmis 

velia _ ailev 

ismen _ nemsi 

ara casac _ casac ara 

sarke ra _ ar ekras (javaxaZe, 499). 

galaktionis CanawerebSi vxvdebiT sityvebs: `Cems mier 

Semotanili da gaumjobesebuli iqna qarTuli leqsis mravali 

axali forma, misi asonansebi, aliteraciebi, xmaTa mibaZva, 

TeTri leqsi, Sinagani riTmebi, palindromebi da sxva, da 

sxva~ (javaxaZe, 498). cnobilia galaktionis palindromuli 

teqstebi: 

108 

ai ra mzis sizmaria, 

airevi iveria. . . 

ai droSa, aSordia 

aerebis siberea. 

is ia Tu qalaqia, 

ai qala: quTaisi, 

am qalaqma, am qalaqma, 

isiama a maisi. 

maimede!edemi am 

sanax xanas! 

maimede! edemi am

sanan nanas! 

maimede! edemi am 

sanay yanas! 

da sxva. 

garda am teqnikuri savarjiSoebisa, galaktionis poezia- 

Si, mis SedevrebSi SeiZleba aRmovaCinoT nawilobrivi palindromis 

bevri nimuSi, romlebic yovelTvis Rrma simboluri 

mniSvnelobis mqonea. Cveni statia swored am nawilobrivi 

sarkiseburi asaxvebis Ziebas eZRvneba. Cvens Ziebas isic 

amarTlebs, rom ar aris mosalodneli, im saleqso xerxis 

gamoyeneba, romelsac galaktionis Teoriul wanamZRvrebSi 

aseTi adgili aqvs, mxolod teqnikuri savarjiSoebiT Semoifarglos. 

SevecdebiT davinaxoT, ra Sinagani datvirTva aqvs 

am formas galaktionis poeziaSi. 

poeziaSi palindroms, sarkiseburi asaxvas, sxvadasxva 

datvirTva SeiZleba hqondes. igi eqos, gamoZaxilis gamomxatveli 

SeiZleba iyos.edgar pos avbediTi yorani raven 

uimedobis never „arasodes“ ganwyobaSi aisaxeba. yorani _ 

pirquSi idumaleba _> arasodes _ uimedoba, sasowarkveTa. 

vfiqrobT, galaktionma imitomac ar daasrula „yoranis“ 

Targmna, rom qarTulad ZiriTadi palindromuli refrenis 

gadmotana ver moxerxdeboda. 

rusul poeziaSi palindromi v. xlebnikovis gansakuTrebuli 

interesis sagani iyo. magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT 

misi fraza: „чин зван мечем навзничь~. futuristul paradigmaSi 

xlebnikovi ase ganicdis palindroms: „me igi gavige rogorc 

momavlis areklili sxivebi, qvecnobieri me-s mier gonier 

caze gadmotyorcnili“ (iakobsoni, 1987, 322). amgvarad, 

teqsti, romelsac ormxrivi wakiTxva aqvs, xlebnikovisTvis 

momavlisa da warsulis Sexvedris adgilia. 

galaktionTan palindromSi momavlis awmyosTan mimarTebas 

TiTqos ver vxedavT. galaktionTan palindromi gaTiSulis 

gamTlianebis, nawilobrivis srulqmnis, zenasa da qvenas 

dakavSirebis funqciiT itvirTeba. galaktionTan ufro xSirad 

vxvdebiT xmovanTa an TanxmovanTa nawilobriv palindromebs. 

masTan bgeraTa sarkiseburi areklva, rogorc wesi, 

zenas qvenaSi asaxvas, ideisa da xorcSesxmis mimarTebas, nawilobrivis 

gamTlianebis sazriss gamoxatavs. 

xmovniTi areklvis nimuSi gvaqvs leqsSi „me da Rame“. palindromulia 

ukve am leqsis saTauri: e. . . a a. . . e _ Rame 

sulSi irekleba, ixedeba: `me da Rame, me da Rame!~ saintere- 

109

soa, rom xmovniTi struqturebi a. . . e, e. . . a ramdenime 

adgilas iCens Tavs leqsSi: 

110 

exla, roca am striqons vwer, SuaRame iwvis, dneba... 

yvela icis TeTrma Ramem... 

Cven orni varT qveyanaze, me da Rame, me da Rame... 

poeti martoa, Ramem icis, rogor darCa igi oblad, rogor 

evno da ewama, _ magram es ar aris sruli simartove da 

sicariele, es aris saidumlos mflobelis simartove da mas 

hyavs mesaidumle _ Rame: `Ramem. . . icis Cemi saidumlo, yvela 

icis TeTrma Ramem”. is, rac am leqsSi xmovanTa sarkiseburi 

areklviTa aris gamoxatuli, leqsSi `mTawmindis mTvare~ Ria 

teqstiT aris gamoTqmuli: 

da me movkvde simRerebSi tbis sevdian gedad, 

oRond vTqva, Tu Ramem sulSi rogor Caixeda. 

Ramem Caixeda _ aqac a. . . ee. . . a asaxva gvaqvs. Rame 

ixedeba sulSi _ erTi idumaleba irekleba meoreSi; Rames- 

Tan galaktionis mimarTeba novalisis `Ramis himnebs~ gvaxsenebs. 

idumalebiT moculi Rame novalisisTvis sulTan Sexvedris 

saufloa. asevea galaktionisTvis. Rame ixedeba sul- 

Si, Rame aris intimuri mesaidumle, romelmac icis sulSi 

Rrmad damarxuli saidumlo. 

moviyvanT kupiurebiT erT pasaJs novalisis pirveli 

Ramis himnidan. ara imisTvis, rom gavlena davinaxoT, aramed 

vaCvenoT im ganwyobaTa siaxlove, romelTac Rame warmoSobs 

am poetebSi. 

Was quillt auf einmal so ahndungsvoll unterm Herzen, und verschluckt 

der Wehmut weiche Luft? Hast auch du ein Gefallen an uns, dunkle Nacht? 

Was hältst du unter deinem Mantel, das mir unsichtbar kräftig an die Seele 

geht? Köstlicher Balsam träuft aus deiner Hand, aus dem Bündel Mohn. 

Die schweren Flügel des Gemüts hebst du empor. . . Wie arm und kindisch 

dünkt mir das Licht nun - wie erfreulich und gesegnet des Tages Abschied. . 

.. Himmlischer, als jene blitzenden Sterne, dünken uns die unendlichen 

Augen, die die Nacht in uns geöffnet. Weiter sehn sie, als die blässesten 

jener zahllosen Heere - unbedürftig des Lichts durchschaun sie die Tiefen 

eines liebenden Gemüts - was einen höhern Raum mit unsäglicher Wollust 

füllt. Preis der Weltkönigin, der hohen Verkündigerin heiliger Welten, der 

Pflegerin seliger Liebe - sie sendet mir dich - zarte Geliebte - liebliche

Sonne der Nacht,- nun wach ich - denn ich bin Dein und Mein - du hast die 

Nacht mir zum Leben verkündet - mich zum Menschen gemacht - zehre mit 

Geisterglut meinen Leib, daß ich luftig mit dir inniger mich mische und 

dann ewig die Brautnacht währt. 

ra aRmocenda winaswarmWvretad gulidan, da STanTqa 

sevdis nazi haeri? Senc giyvarvarT, bnelo Ramev? ra aris 

dafaruli Sens mosasxamqveS, rac uxilavi ZlmosilebiT Cems 

suls exeba? Zvirfasi balzami moswveTs Sens TiTTagan, 

mTvaris konidan. samSvinvelis mZime frTebs aRmarTav Sen. . . 

rogori Raribi da bavSvuria exla CemTvis sinaTle — ra gasaxari 

da kurTxeuli dRis gasayari.. ufro zeciurad, vidre 

mocimcime varskvlavebi, gvesaxeba Cven usazRvro Tvalebi, 

romelTac Rame agvixilavs Cven. ufro Sors imzirebian isini, 

vidre uTvalav dasTagan yvelaze fermkrTalni — sinaTle ar 

sWirdebaT mosiyvarule samSvinvelis siRrmeTa dasanaxad — 

maRal sivrceebs gamouTqmeli netarebiT aRavsebs es. dideba 

samyaros dedofals, wminda saufloTa zena mauwyebels, netari 

siyvarulis meurves — is miZRvnis me Sens Tavs — sayvarelo, 

- Ramis mSveniero mzeo, _ axla ki viRviZeb — radgan 

me Seni var da Sen Cemi _ RamiT Sen me sicocxle mauwye — adamianad 

maqcie _ miiRe sulis mxurvalebiT Cemi sxeuli, raTa 

haerovanad SegenivTo da iyos saqorwino Rame maradiuli~. 

galaktionisTvis Rame, rogorc sulis sauflo, saocari 

Sinagani logikiT sikvdils gamoixmobs, xolo sikvdili 

kargavs simwvaves, aRar aris SiSis momgvreli, gardaisaxeba 

vardisfer gzad, sulTan Sexvedris gzad: 

Tu rogor vgrZnob, rom sulisTvis, am zRvam rom 

aRzarda, 

sikvdilis gza arra aris, vardisfer gzis garda. 

aqac sarkiseburi asaxvaa: zRvam . . . aRzarda, iseve rogorc 

momdevno striqonSi: gzaze . . . zRaparia. yvelaferi 

erTmaneTSi gadadis, erTmaneTSi aisaxeba, erTmaneTs ganapirobebs: 

zRvam _ aRzarda, gza _ zRaparia. 

sarkiseburi asaxvis Rirebuleba galaktionisTvis iqidanac 

Cans, rom xSirad igi saTaurSia gatanili. palindromulia, 

rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, saTauri `me da Rame”; palindromulia 

aseve saTauri `silaJvarde, anu vardi silaSi” sityvisa 

da sityvis nawilebis mimarTebis doneze. aqac cis silaJvarde, 

_ zeciuri _ irekleba miwierSi, silaSi vardis saxes 

iRebs. am leqsis pirvel strofSi mze sarkiseburad irekleba 

111

sizmarSi mzzm (gavixsenoT galaktionis palindromuli 

savarjiSo: ai ra mzis sizmaria), aseve nawilobrivi asaxviT: 

gzasizmari: gzzm: 

112 

dedao RvTisa, mzeo mariam! 

rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi 

Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria 

da Soreuli cis silaJvarde. 

arekvla gvaqvs bolo strofSic: S-l-s s-l-J; TviT saxeli 

mariamic TviTarekvlilia: ma-ri-am da es mas Sinagan 

mTlianobas, sisrules, harmonias aniWebs. 

mzis sizmarSi arekvla sxva leqsebSic gvxvdeba: 

misi elam mzis Tvalis xileba 

xeebs rideebs fens sizmareuls (òforti~) 

`silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~ Sinagani tragizmiT aris 

aRbeWdili. poeti RvTismSobels _ „mzeo mariams“ Sinagani 

aRsarebiT mimarTavs: „Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria da Soreuli 

cis silaJvarde”. magram ca mainc Soreuli rCeba da `suli 

vedrebiT ganaocebi, Sens fexqveS kvdeba, rogorc pepela”. 

Soreul casTan Sexvedra ver iqca realobad da poeti 

ambobs: àha, movedi, gedi daWrili ocnebis baRiT! Sexede! 

dastkbi ymawvilur bedis daRlil xelebiT, wamebul saxiT!” 

silaSi vardi silaJvardis dacemis xatad _ zeciuris dacemis 

dramad SeiZleba warmogvidges. 

TanxmovanTa sarkiseburi asaxva SeiZleba davinaxoT saocari 

stiqiuri energiiT aRsavse leqsSi `droSebi Cqara”. aq 

Cven vxedavT S-r-dd-r-S asaxvas: 

gaTenda, SeerTdiT, SeerTdiT, SeerTdiT! 

droSebi, droSebi, droSebi, Cqara! 

sityvebi droSebi da SeerTdiT konsonanturad palindromulia: 

S-r-dd-r-S; SeerTebulebs esaWiroebaT gamaer- 

Tianebeli idea _ droSa. gaerTianebuli xalxi qmnis sivrces, 

romelSic unda Semovides gamaerTianebeli sazrisi, 

romlis simbolodac SeiZleba warmovidginoT droSa. 

palindromi kongruentuli anu sarkiseburi mimarTebis 

erTi saxeobaa. sainteresoa kongruentuli struqturirebis 

kidev erTi saxe, romelic leqsSi `qari qris” SeiZleba davinaxoT. 

sxvagan Cven vaCveneT, rom am leqsis pirveli periodi

agebulia a-i xmovnebis dominansze: a gvxvdeba 21-jer, i _ 11jer. 

bolo, mesame periodSi ki Sebrunebulia dominantur 

xmovanTa rigi: i-a _ i gvxvdeba 15-jer, xolo a _ 11-jer 

(meliqiSvili, 2008). es faqti Cven SevecadeT bgerweriTad 

agvexsna: pirvel periodSi galaktioni kiTxvas svams, Ziebas 

iwyebs _ `sada xar, sada xar, sada xar?~ — gaxsnis, Ziebis gamomxatvelia 

yvelaze farTo xmovani a. xolo bolo periodSi 

poeti `ver hpovebs~, rasac eZiebs da marto rCeba — simartovis, 

individualizaciis bgerweriTi eqvivalenti ki aris swored 

yvelaze viwro xmovani i. 

amgvari nawilobrivi bgeriTi anareklebi, savaraudoa, 

sxvac bevri iyos galaktionTan. es mis saidumlo uwyebad 

SeiZleba warmovidginoT, romlis amocnobac Cven mogvendo. 

vfiqrob, am mimarTulebiT Ziebis marTebulobas mxars uWers 

is azri, rom poeti, romelic aseT did yuradRebas uTmobda 

palindroms, rogorc saleqso xerxs, ar unda dakmayofilebuliyo 

mxolod savarjiSoebis ekvilibristikiT da es xerxi 

Tavis SemoqmedebaSi unda gamoeyenebina. 

damowmebani: 

iakobsoni 1987: Якобсон Р. Из мелких вещей Велимира Хлебникова. “Ветер- 

Пение”, Работы по поэтике, М.: 1987. 

meliqiSvili 2008: meliqiSvili i. galaktionis bgerwera. ana 

kalandaZisadmi miZRvnili krebuli: leqsTmcodneoba, I, Tb.: 2008. 

qimeriZe 2009: qimeriZe n. `lingvisturi poezia~ da `teqstis 

interpretaciis SesaZleblobebi~. enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, II. Tb.: 

2009. 

javaxaZe 1991: javaxaZe v. ucnobi. Tb.: 1991. 

113

114 

sofio mujiri 

bibliis recefcia qristine lavantis poeziaSi 

qristine (kristl) haberningma, romlis qaliSvilobis 

gvari tonhauzeri iyo, fsevdonimad mSobliuri xeobis mdinaris 

saxeli _ „lavanti“ airCia. igi am lamazi xeobis erT 

patara dasaxlebaSi daibada (1915 wlis 4 ivliss), romelic 

provinciul qalaqs _ sanqt-Stefans esazRvreba. lavanti 

maRaros muSis me-9 Svili iyo. ojaxi imdenad xelmokled 

cxovrobda, rom bavSvebi xSirad SimSilobdnen da iZulebuli 

iyvnen muSaoba adreul asakSi daewyoT. Tavad qr. lavanti 

Tavs qsoviT irCenda da saxelic, xatovnad rom vTqvaT, leqsebis 

„qsoviT“ gaiTqva. laTinurad xom sityva: „texere“ qsovas 

niSnavs. misi usaTauro, riTmiani Tu uriTmo leqsebi, romlebsac 

TiTqosda yvelas erTi da igive moculoba aqvs, lavantis 

sulis avtobiografias asaxaven, romelic piradi 

problemebisa da xangrZlivi avadmyofobis gamo, aRsavse iyo 

fizikuri tkivilebiTa da sulieri brZolebiT. pirvelad 

mkiTxvelis yuradReba miipyro qr. lavantis 1946 wels gamoqveynebulma, 

dakargulad CaTvlilma da mogvianebiT, 2001 

wels gamocemulma wignma: „Canaxatebi sagiJeTidan“, sadac 

poeti qali sakuTari nebiT 1935 wels marTlac imyofeboda. 

qr. lavantis momdevno lirikulma krebulebma: „glaxis fiala“ 

(1956) da „Camoibertye miwa“ (1961) lirikaSi saxelmwifo 

premia daimsaxures. miuxedavad imisa, rom qr. lavants mravaljer 

hqonda miRebuli sxvadasxva saxis premia (1964w. a. 

vildgansis, 1954, 1964 wlebSi g. Traklis, xolo 1970 wels 

avstriis didi saxelmwifo premiebi), misi lirikis intensiuri 

recefcia mxolod 80-iani wlebis Semdeg daiwyo (ix.: g. 

liube-groTuesi, 1984 da v. Sliori, 1998). qr. lavantis leqsTa 

krebulebs Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovnad iTvleba 1956 w. 

gamocemuli: „maTxovris fiala“, romelSic misi sulieri 

mdgomareobis amsaxvel mraval bwkars vpoulobT: 

Verschüttet von schwarzen und roten 

Gebirgen 

ist nun die gläserne Hälfte der Welt, 

darin alle Bilder waren 

von dir und den Menschen. 

Das Glas ist nicht mehr zu heilen. 

Nie mehr wird die Welt eine Kugel 

sein, 

Sav da wiTel mTebis ZirSi, 

Caimarxa SuSis qveynis naxevari. Seni 

da sxvaTa suraTebic iq aris. 

SuSis samyaro veRar gamTeldeba, 

samyaro sferod veRar gardaiqmneba, 

miwas sixaruliT gasxivosnebuli ca 

veRar gadaefineba....

nie mehr den schillernden Himmel der 

Freude 

über den irdenen Boden haben... 

1987 wels gamocemul qr. lavantis rCeul leqsTa krebulSi 

Tomas bernhardi poets axasiaTebs rogorc „qristianul-kaTolikur 

rwmenaSi gulgatexil da motyuebul qals“ 

(lavanti 1987:91). rogorc Cans, igi gulisxmobda qr. lavantis 

gansxvavebul damokidebulebas zeciuri samyaros mimarT, 

poeti qalis RmerTTan dapirispirebis cdas, rasac piraduli 

safuZveli hqonda: arSemdgari siyvaruli (ix: misi 

amave saxelwodebis lirikuli krebuli 1949w.), siRaribe da 

martooba, mZime daavadebebi: tuberkulozi, smenisa da mxedvelobis 

dakargva da yovelive amis gamo gulgatexiloba da 

imedgacrueba uzenaesis mimarT: 

Hilf mir Sonne,denn ich bin fast blind! 

Nimm den Teller meiner linken Hand, 

zeichne ein das hochgelobte Land 

und die Wege,die noch gangbar sind 

für Erblindete und für Ertaubte... 

miSvele mzeo, me brma var 

TiTqmis, 

amomitvirfe marcxena muWSi 

xati gzebis da aRTqmuli miwis, 

brmaTa da yruTa bilikebi xom 

mxolod ufalma icis... 

sakuTari bediT ukmayofileba qr. lavantis sulSi usamarTlobisa 

da protestis grZnobas aRvivebda, romlis gamoxatvasac 

igi poeziiT cdilobda. qr. lavanti poeziis sa- 

SualebiT TavisTvis „iqsovda“ axal samyaros, axal rwmenas, 

romelic mas SemoqmedebiT sivrces uqmnida. poezia poetis 

sulis ori sxvadasxva mxaris sarked iqca, romelic xan imeds 

asxivebda, xan ki SiSiT, dardiT, sayveduriT da bolos, mainc 

locviT iyo savse. amitom, qr. lavantis poeziaSi uxvad 

gvxvdeba rogorc RvTisadmi Tvinierebisa da vedrebis gamomxatveli 

striqonebi, aseve, RmerTTan paeqrobisa da Serkinebis 

scenebic. poeti ufals Tavis ubedobas sayvedurobs da 

cdilobs mas Tavisi wili amqveyniuri sixaruli gamosZalos: 

Du hast mich aus aller Freude geholt. 

Aber ich werde dennoch genau, 

ganz genau, nur so lange darunter 

leiden, 

als es mir selbst gefällig ist, Herr. 

Du hast mich im Zustand der 

wildesten Hoffart 

und des zornigsten Mutes vor dir... 

Sengan yvela sixarulisagan 

ganZarcvuli, 

zustad imden xans unda viyo 

ar daculi 

da datanjuli, 

ramdensac me Tavad movisurveb, 

ufalo. 

Sens winaSe var, 

115

116 

aRvsili Tavxeduri kadnierebiT 

da mrisxane gabedulebiT... 

1966 w. hilde dominis mier gamocemul òrmag interpretaciaSi~ 

qr. lavantis mokle Canawers vpoulobT: `Cemi leqsebi 

mcdelobaa imisa, simbolurad da kodirebulad gamovTqva 

saCivari sakuTari bedis mimarT~. es marTlac naTlad Cans 

qr. lavantis momdevno leqsSi (domini 1966: 150), romelSic is 

sakuTar Tavs dawyevlil ZaRls adarebs: 

Du mit, für mich, verriegeltem Mund, 

du mit, für mich, vernagelten Ohren 

und ich gewiss nur dafür geboren, 

zeitlebens davor zu stehen 

als ein längst schon verwunschener 

Hund...... 

Oh, ein Hund, der echt weint , 

ein fast menschlicher Hund! 

Und so gottverloren 

vor deinen vernagelten Ohren, 

vor deinem verrigelten Mund. 

Sen CemTvis bage gaqvs daxSuli, 

Sen CemTvis yuri gaqvs 

dagmanuli, 

vdgevar Sens winaSe dadumebuli, 

ase uRmerTod mitovebuli, 

dawyevlil ZaRlad dabadebuli. 

adamianur bunebis ZaRlad, 

romelsac cremli Camosdis 

Wiris, 

winaSe Seni davsili yuris, 

winaSe Seni daxSuli piris. 

bibliuri simbolikiT datvirTuli „ZaRluri yofis“ motivi 

grZeldeba qr. lavantis leqsSi: „Kreuzzertretung!“ („jvris 

gadaTelva”), romelsac tragikuli, magram amave dros mkrexeluric 

SeiZleba vuwodoT: 

Kreuzzertretung! – Eine Hündin heult 

sieben Laute, ohne zu vergeben, 

abgestiegen in die Hundehölle 

wird ihr Schatten noch den Wurf verwerfen. 

Oben bleibt der Vorhang ohne Riß, 

nichts zerreißt um einer Hündin willen, 

und der Herr - er ließ sich stellvertreten – 

sitzt versponnen bei den ganz Vertrauten. 

Auch die Toten durften nicht herauf! 

Vater, Mutter, - keines war am Hügel, 

und die Sonne hat sich bloß verfinstert 

in zwei aufgebrochnen Augensternen.

Von der Erde bebte kaum ein Staub, 

nur ein wenig sank die Stelle tiefer, 

wo der Balg, dem man das Kreuz zertreten 

sich noch einmal nach dem Himmel bäumte. 

Der Kadaver – da ihn niemand barg – 

Kraft der Schande ist der auferstanden, 

um sich selbst in das Gewölb zu schleppen, 

wo Gottvater wie ein Werwolf haust. 

leqsSi: „jvris gadaTelva~ qr. lavanti jvarcmas aRwers. 

poeti sakuTar Tavs sayovelTao wesrigidan gariyulad 

aRiqvams. arsebobs kanoni da samarTali, magram ara misTvis. 

mama RmerTi laRad zis Tavis rCeulebTan, miwaze misi nacvalia 

daniSnuli, sikeTesa da siwmindes ki groteskuli elferi 

dahkravs. avtori cdilobs leqsSi, paraleli gaavlos 

jvarcmis dros iesos tanjvasa da sakuTar jvarcmas Soris 

_ Zukna ZaRlis uflisadmi mimarTul ymuilsa da sikvdilis 

win mama RmerTisadmi iesos SeZaxils Soris: „ufalo ratom 

mimatove“! (mT. 27, 46; mark. 15,34, fsalm. 22,2). fraza: „(Zuknas) 

ar mieteveba,“ kontrastSia iesos sityvebTan: „mamao, miuteve 

maT,“ romelsac mxolod lukas saxarebaSi vxvdebiT (23,34). 

sityvebiT: „ZaRlur jojoxeTSi moxrili“ qr. lavanti mianiSnebs 

im situaciaze, rodesac vloculobT, mrwamss da 

rwmenas vaRiarebT, magram xsna mainc ara Cans. piriqiT, amas 

Zuknas naSieris daRupvac mosdevs. frazebiT: „Zuknas gulisaTvis 

arc farda Caixeva“ (mT. 27,51; mark. 15,38; lk. 23,45.), 

arc „mze dabneldeba“ (mT. 27,45; mark. 15,33; lk. 23.44.), da „miwaze 

mtveric ki ar Seirxeva“ (mT 27, 51), poets imis Tqma surs, 

rom iesosgan gansxvavebiT, Zuknas anu poeti qalis sikvdiliT, 

qveyanaze araferi Seicvleba. qr. lavanti biblias, ara 

saeklesio, aramed saero ambis gadmosacemad iyenebs: igi 

asaxavs Zuknas wamebas, romelic kiTxvis niSans usvams Tavad 

qristes wamebis sakiTxsac: „gvixsna, magram mere ra?“ leqsis 

dasawyisi: „jvris gadaTelva“! mkiTxvelis gonebaSi iwvevs 

devnili qristianebis simboluri qmedebis aqtualizebas: 

qristiani, wamebisagan Tavis daRwevis mizniT, jvarze Tu gadaivlida, 

es mis mier RmerTis uaryofas niSnavda. „jvris 

gadaTelva“ mocemul leqsSi SeiZleba gavigoT rogorc: 1. 

avtoris mier RvTis uaryofa, razec mowmobs leqsis bolos, 

RmerTis mkrexeluri Sedareba maqcia mgelTan; 2. jvris 

tarebiT welSi gadawyvetili Zukna, romelsac moZraobac ki 

117

aRar SeuZlia; 3. avtoris fsiqikuri da fizikuri tanjvis gamoxatuleba. 

qr. lavanti Tavis leqsebSi mijnavs qristianTa tradiciul 

RmerTs, romelic Tavs aridebs pasuxs yovelgvar kiTxvaze, 

im „xelovnuri RmerTisagan, namdvils rom Camohgavs“ 

da amqveyniurobis realur baton-patronad rom gvevlineba: 

118 

Alles meinem Gott zu Diensten 

dem Ersatzgott, der fast echt ist 

yvelani ufals msaxureben, 

xelovnurs, 

namdvils rom Camohgavs... 

`namdvil~ RmerTs Tan axlavs tradiciuli kaTolikuri 

simbolo-atributebi, romlebic qr. lavantis leqsebSi negatiur 

konotacias iZenen: mag. rogorc angelozi, aseve mtredi 

rogorc suliwmindis gansaxiereba, qceulia ganyenebuli 

mSvenierebisa da yalbi umankoebis simbolod. RvTisagan gariyulma 

lirikulma gmirma kargad icis, rom mas arcerTi 

maTgani ar daexmareba. piriqiT, igi maTi dacinvis sagnadaa 

qceuli: 

Mond, Wind und Vögel haben es 

nimmer für mich getan, 

Und des Himmels einzige Antwort auf 

alles 

War Schnee – ungesegneter Schnee. 

Von den Engeln und Nothelfern haben 

es alle gewußt, 

daß es so nimmer weiterginge mit mir, 

aber sie blieben in ihrer Ordnung, 

wie die kalten Glieder einer herrlichen 

Kette... 

mTvares, qarsa da Citebs 

CemTvis arasdros araferi 

ukeTebiaT, 

xolo zecis erTaderTi pasuxi 

yvelaferze, 

iyo Tovli-ar dalocvili 

Tovli. 

angeloz - mfarvelTagan yvelam 

icoda, rom amas veRar avitandi, 

magram isini rCebodnen TavianT 

mwyobrSi, 

rogorc mSvenieri jaWvis 

civi rgolebi... 

es monakveTi Seicavs rogorc lavantiseuli samyaros 

„zeciur“, kanonikur ganzomilebas, aseve am `zeciuris~ mimarTebas 

„miwier“ polusTan, romelic mas xsnis nacvlad àr 

dalocvil~ Tovls ugzavnis. 

Während ich, Betrübte, schreibe, 

funkelt in der Vollmondscheibe 

jenes Wort, das ich betrachte, 

daRvremili vwer da vxedav, 

mTvaris rgolSi brwyinavs 

sityva,

seit die Taube mich verlachte, 

weil ich aus dem Wasserspiegel 

ohne Namen, ohne Siegel 

in die Einschicht trat... 

im droidan, roca iTqva, 

rom damcinis mtredi. 

radgan, 

wylis sarkidan amosuli 

da sruliad martosuli, 

ubeWdod da usaxelod, 

mas gavyevi sxva sofelSi, 

simartovis samyofelSi... 

angelozebi lavantis leqsebSi uars amboben mis daxmarebaze, 

amitom maTi nominaluri xseneba xSirad qreba lavantis 

teqstebidan da angelozis funqcias qveteqsturad iZenen 

arsebebi an sagnebi, romlebsac angelozobasTan xSirad araferi 

aqvT saerTo. bibliasTan dakavSirebuli sxva simboloxatebi 

ki xSirad bundovani an rTuli amosacnobia, magaliTad: 

In doppelter Ährenhöhe 

schweben die Engel der 

Unkrautsamen 

langsam zum Friedhof hinüber. 

xorblis TavTavze ormagad maRla, 

neli farfatiT miiweven 

sarevelas Teslis angelozebi 

sasaflaosken. 

aq TvalsaCinoa TavTavisa da sarevelas, e.i. keTilisa da 

borotis urTierTSepirispirebis iluzia, romelic saxarebiseuli 

igavis simbolikaSi iRebs saTaves. magram ras niSnavs 

is, rom `sarevelas Teslis angelozebi~ TavTavis simaRleze 

orjer ufro maRla mifrinaven? iqneb imas, rom amqveynad 

sikeTes siborote sjabnis? 

leqsSi: `Durchgegangen ist mein Steppenpferdchen~ lirikuli 

gmiri sTxovs angelozs gadaalaxinos gauvali udabno. angelozis 

daxmareba avtors imitom sWirdeba, rom misi „cxeni“ 

(„Steppenpferdchen“) veRar uZlebs am qveynad “mogzaurobis” 

mZime Wapans. `cxenis~ saxe erTi mxriv, gaigivebulia RmerT- 

Tan (mas `kabalas~ saidumlo swavlebaSi mravali saxeli aqvs), 

meore mxriv ki, is identificirebulia lavantis dakarguli 

satrfos realurad arsebul figurasTan es ori saxe qr. lavantTan 

TiTqmis mudam erwymis erTi meores. àngeloziaqlemi~ 

— poetisaTvis xsnis ukanaskneli Sansia: 

Durchgegangen ist mein 

Steppenpferdchen, 

Engel – du Kamelchen -, wache auf! 

Abgerissen hab ich unsre Jurte, 

fette Weiden brauchen wir nicht mehr. 

aiwyvita Cemma stepis cxenma, 

angelozo — Sen, aqlemo! 

gaaxile Tvali! 

mogvayirWa msuye saZovrebma, 

CamovSale Cveni iurTi mrgvali. 

119

Wirst mich jetzt auf deinem Rücken 

tragen 

zweiundsiebzig Tage durch den Sand. 

Pferdchen hatte zweiundsiebzig Namen, 

Pferdchen war in Heimlichkeit mein 

Gott. 

120 

samocdaTormet dRes matareb 

barxanebSi qviSis, 

Cems cxens samocdaTormeti 

saxeli aqvs da mxolod man icis, 

rom is aris Cemi gulis zraxva 

idumali, 

yvelasagan dafaruli u f a l i. 

satrfosa da RmerTis Tanadrouli grZnobismieri aRqmis 

magaliTia qr. lavantis momdevno leqsic: 

Du bist mein Herr, 

denn der Hauch des Herrn 

atmet dich her: 

Ich bin bei dir 

im Gewächs und Getier; 

auch im Stern. 

Du bist kein Du, 

denn die Türe fiel zu 

in dir hinter mir. 

ufali xar Cemi, 

moxval uflis sunTqviT 

da Cems gverdiT rCebi. 

me SenTan var orad: 

faunad da florad, 

varskvlavebis SuqSi. 

Sen aRar xar Sen, 

radgan, 

klite, SenSi mixuruli karis, 

Cems zurgs ukan aris. 

uaryofs ra zeciur mfarvels, romlisganac xsnas ver eRirsa, 

martosuli da daucveli poeti adamianSi eZebs RvTiur 

naperwkals. Tavis megobar qals, ingeborg toifenbaxs aRiqvams 

zeciur qmnilebad da mas Tavis mfarvel angelozTan 

aigivebs: 

…Immer wieder Engel – (menschlich) – 

aufstehn 

um sich herrlich und als Trost zu 

stellen… 

kvlav iqcevian adamianebi 

angelozebad 

da gardaisaxebian mSvenierebad 

da nugeSad... 

rogorc vxedavT, qristine lavantis lirikaSi gvaqvs da 

zogadad, RvTiuris Tematizacia xdeba rogorc nominaciur, 

ise qveteqstur doneze. Tu nominaciuri xsenebisas RvTiuris 

idea qr. lavantis lirikaSi umTavresad mis pirad ubedurebas 

ukavSirdeba da negatiur Sinaarss iZens, mis qveteqstur 

moduss _ miwieri arsebebis saxiT, xsnisa da mfarvelobis 

motivebi Semoaqvs.

damowmebani: 

barbaqaZe 2008: barbaqaZe d. (gamomc.). me-20 saukunis avstriuli 

lirika. masalebi. tomi XIII. polilogi. Tb.: 2008. 

biblia 1989: biblia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo. Tb.: 1989. 

domini 1966: Domin H. (Herausg.) Autor und Leser. Frankfurt/Bonn. 

lavanti 1987: Lavant C. Gedichte. ( Herausg.T. Bernhard.). Frankfurt: 1987. 

lavanti 2001: lavanti qr. leqsebi da moTxrobebi. `kavkasiuri saxli~, 

Tb.: 2001. 

liube-groTuesi 1984: Lübbe-Grothues G. (Herausg.) Über Cristine Lavant. 

Salzburg: 1984. 

Sliori 1998: Shlior V. Hermenewtik der Mimesis Phänomene. Begriffiche 

Entwicklunyen. Schöpferische Verdichtung, Düsseldorf/Bonn: 1998. 

henseli 1995: Hensel K. Kreuzzertretung.Gedichte. Prosa. Briefe. Reclam. Leipzig: 

1995. 

121

122 

lado asaTianis bediswera: 

poeturi da pirovnuli 

Tamar paiWaZe 

Txelydian wignze gviani Semodgomis nacnobi eskizebia: 

gaSiSvlebul tots wiTel—yviTeli foTlebi scviva, es leqsebis 

krebulia friad romantikuli da sevdiani saTauriT: 

„adre wasuli kacis fiqrebi“. 

rogorc amboben, wignebi avtorebs gvanan, magram es krebuli 

TiTqos gansakuTrebulad axloa im emociasTan, romelic 

qarTvel kacs gaaCnia wuTisoflisa Tu bedisweris savalze 

naadrevad gzadakarguli poetisadmi, romlis sicocxle 

qarTuli sityvis samsaxurSi Caiferfla, romelsac mxolod 

siyvaruli aZlevda Zalas sunTqvaSekruls Tu sunTqvaareuls 

leqsi ewera. ...aravin icis rogori iqneboda lado 

asaTiani siWabukis Semdeg, mas sxvanairs aravin icnobda, mis 

megobrebSi da saerTod qarTveli mkiTxvelis cnobierebaSi 

igi ocdaeqvsi wlis maradiul Wabukad darCa. gana ra aris 

ocdaeqvsi weli jer marto sakuTari adgilis gasacnobiereblad 

XX saukunis 30-40—ian wlebSi: RirebulebaTa Tu SefasebaTa 

qaosSi, cenzurul da represiul simWidroveSi, 

WeSmariti talantisa da ideologiuri ugemovnobis WidilSi 

dabolos SemoqmedebiT Tu literaturul siWrelsa Tu mravalmxrivobaSi?!... 

miuxedavad yovelive amisa, lado asaTianis 

saxelma imTaviTve „xmamaRla gaiJRera~, misi poeturi 

sityva uyuradRebod ver datova qarTvelma mkiTxvelma, 

radgan cxadi iyo, rom mis winaSe WeSmariti poeti idga: xalasi 

poeturi niWiT, individualuri xelweriT, mravalmxrivi 

mxatvruli azrovnebiTa da xedvis unariT. 

lado asaTianis poeturi memkvidreoba mxolod zemoTnaxsenebi 

Txelydiani wigniT ar mTavrdeba, misi Semoqmedeba 

leqsebis, poemebis, Targmanebis, moTxrobebis, werilebis Tu 

Canawerebis arcTu mcire krebuls warmoadgens. am faqtsac 

poetisagan bediswerasTan garkveuli brZolis gamocxadebis 

surviliT xsnian misi megobrebi; jer gaucnobiereblad, xolo 

Semdeg ki sikvdilis TvalebSi Semyure, yvelafris moswrebas 

lamobda, sul werda an weras cdilobda, — amiT surda 

win gadadgomoda sxeulSi Cabudebul mZime sens:

„rom leqsi Svelis yove:lgvar tkivils 

da leqsi TviTon tkivili ari, 

da radgan mergo viyo poeti, 

Cemi cxovrebis sabediswerod, 

radgan amqveynad misTvis movedi, 

rom unda mxolod leqsebi vwero, 

radgan sxva rame simReris garda, 

axlac ver Svelis tkivilebs Cemsas, 

mjera am diad bunebis karTan 

me TviT sikvdilsac gardavqmni leqsad!“ 

magram kidev ufro meti uTqmeli da saocnebo darCa: „ocdaaT 

wlamde sul poezia, Semdeg proza da dramaturgia... manamde 

xels ver movkideb, ver gavbedav!“ (1937 wlis Canaweri). 

mxolod ocnebas SerCa: ocdaaTi wlis lado asaTiani, 

Tbilisis quCebSi xetiali, masaviT wuTisoflis gzaze adredakarguli 

megobrebis xilva, qaliSvilis gazrda da ... wera, 

„unda davwero qarTuli klasikuri romani leqsad“, „minda 

mqondes saqarTvelos istoria bavSvebisaTvis“, „unda davwero 

zRaprebi leqsad“ (Canawerebidan)... 

ocdaeqvsma welma mxolod erTi nawili daitia im didi 

saTqmelisa, romelic poets awvalebda, „vici, Cemi cxovreba 

xanmokle iqneba“ ...amgvari winaTgrZnoba xSirad axsenebda 

Tavs: 

„vidre sikvdili gamaxvevdes bnel mosasxamSi, 

vidre sikvdilis Wavli gulze damesobodes, 

ukanasknelad damawvineT Cems oda saxlSi, 

ukanasknelad, vidre Tvalni damevsebodnen. 

ukanasknelad papaCemis gajorkil taxtze 

damigeT magrad, damxureT Savi nabadi. 

ukanasknelad, udrtvinvelad mamyofeT ase, 

vidre sikvdili SfoTian suls gaminabavdes“. 

ra saxeli aqvs am ganwyobilebas? _ „wyurvili daurwyuleblisa“, 

sicocxldeze CabRauWeba, misi monatreba — swored 

amgvari niSnebiT gamoirCeva lado asaTianis poezia, rogorc 

xSirad uTiTeben literatorebi, es ganwyobileba ara 

mxolod lado asaTianis, aramed mTeli misi Taobis mwerlobis 

erTgvar emblemad iqca. 

mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs erTi yvelaze dramatuli bedisweris 

mqone SemoqmedebiTi jgufi e.w. ormocianelTa literaturuli 

Taoba, romlis Semosvlas mwerlobaSi TaobaTa Rirseuli 

cvlis, literaturis istoriis gzaze axali saxelis 

gamoCenis tolfasi reaqcia hqonda. Tumca maT bevri ar das- 

123

caldaT: bedisweris Tu uiRblobis niSniT movidnen mwerlobaSi, 

sul ramodenime wlis ganmavlobaSi Candnen Tbilisis 

quCebSi Tu literaturul Sekrebebze da iseve myisierad 

daikargnen wuTisoflis oRroCoRro gzasavalze, rogorc 

gamoCndnen. 

maSin ki Znelad Tu vinme ganWvretda, Tu ra didi Zala 

movida qarTul mwerlobaSi. rodesac, im droisaTvis axlad 

daarsebuli almanaxis — „axali Taobis“ garSemo Tavi moiyares: 

mirza gelovanma, giorgi nafetvariZem, severian isianma, 

revaz margianma, lado sulaberiZem, nika agiaSvilma, giorgi 

SatberaSvilma, kote ximSiaSvilma da sxvebma; am Semoqmedebi- 

Ti jgufis poetur liderad imTaviTve lado asaTiani moiazreboda, 

Tumca ufrosi literaturuli Taobisagan gansxvavebiT 

maT erTobas raime organizaciuli forma ar hqonia, 

erTmaneTTan mxolod SemoqmedebiTi erTarsoba da pirovnuli 

megobroba akavSirebdaT, magram cxadia, rom „cisferyanwelTagan“ 

„axalTaobelebma“ gansakuTrebulobis, TavisTavadobis, 

gamokveTilobis da niWierebis estafeta udavod 

Caibares. 

TviTon lado asaTianic sakuTar Tavs Tavisi Taobisa da 

megobrebis ganuyofel nawilad miiCnevda, amas misi werilebic 

mowmobs. poets bedisagan ergo Tavisi isedac xanmokle 

sicocxlis manZilze xSirad yofiliyo megobrebisagan da 

ojaxis wevrebisagan mocilebuli, amitomac Cans am werileb- 

Si sul monatreba da sul Sexvedris molodini. 

„...me — dawyevlili poeti, lado asaTiani — erTi kviraa, 

rac geaxeliT Tbiliss. TiTqmis xuTi Tve gavatare abasTumanSi 

absoliturad martom — sul wignebTan, araviTari gaumjobeseba 

ar mimiRia janmrTelobis mxriv. Cemi filtvebis 

mixedviT, me male unda mivicvalo, Zvirfaso, da aba Sen ici, 

cremlebs nu daRvri, roca Camoxval Sen naxav hegzametrebiT 

warweril epitafias Cemi samaris qvaze...“. 

„axla Tbilisi dacarielebulia...“ „menatreba amxanagebi, 

studentobis megobrebi...“ 

„sul menatreba da melandeba aseTi suraTi: Tendeba yvelaze 

uwin Citebis JRurtuli Camesmis yurSi — Tvalebs 

vWyet, zeze wamovvardebi, fexSiSveli, Tavqudmoglejili 

gavvardebi karSi! mze axlad amodis, gumareSis WalebSi Crdilebi 

wagrZelebulan, gavrbivar mdeloze, cvriani balaxi 

SemixiCinebs fexis gulSi da mTlad gavilumpebi...erTi aseTi 

soflis dila Rirs mTel sicocxled... 

124

ukve ayvavdnen gliciniebi mweralTa saxlis verandaze, 

vzivarT baRSi da vusmenT cocxal klasikosTa sja—baassa da 

mogonebebs... 

saerTod veRar vZleb Sin myofi viwro oTaxSi, TiTqos 

kuboSi var cocxlad mdebare, mzis natruli, rom movkvde netav 

amaze uaresi Tu iqneba is kubo?!.. axla CemTvis uZilobis 

gamo saukunis Rame Camodis da Tvalebs davxuWav Tu ara, sa- 

Sineli sizmrebi ar masveneben... (1942—1943 wlebSi, nika 

agiaSvilisTvis gagzavnili werilebidan)’’. 

„sayvarelo Zmao mirza! (gelovani) gagikvirdeba albaT, 

Tbilisidan rom grwer, magram wuTisoflis brunvam ase 

isurva da me, samxedro samsaxuridan ganTavisuflebuli isev 

davubrundi tfiliss, var ise, saSualod, ara miSavs ra, davdivar 

usamsaxurod da ufulod Tbilisis quCebSi da mainc 

ar vwuxvar, radgan saqarTveloSi var, xom ici sxva saqarTvelo 

sad aris... momwere werili, werilebiT mainc vibaasoT, 

amasobaSi es droc male gaiars. dRes mivdivarT dedaSenTan 

me da nika agiaSvili, mimaqvs Seni suraTi da gvinda, gavaxaroT 

mSobeli Seni. iyavi rkinasaviT — gkocnis Seni Zma 

lado asaTiani“ (1939 wels mirza gelovanisTvis gagzavnili 

werilidan). 

„Zvirfaso akaki! (gawerilia) rogorc mogexseneba abasTumanSi 

var. Tovli araa, mowmendili mziani amindebia — gazafxulis 

amindebi, rom movelodi is „Суровая красота“ veRar vixile...TbilisSi 

am Tvis bolos Camoval, manam unda vimartvilo 

aq,...Zalian ki momwyinda. Cems wigns... mogarTmev sadme Tbilisis 

kafeSi rom davsxdebiT“ samduravad ama soflisa“... (1941 

wels akaki gawereliasTvis gagzavnili werilidan). 

„Zmao kote“ (ximSiaSvili) Seni pirveli werili rom mivi- 

Re, Zalian gamexarda, Cven uTuod bevri ram gvaqvs saerTo 

rogorc cxovrebaSi ise literaturaSi... me miyvars patiosani 

mwerlebi da mgonia gamigeb ra patiosnebazec vlaparakob... 

es wminda literaturuli patiosnebaa, romlisganac Zalian 

Sorsaa dRes bevri qarTveli mwerali. ...ra mogwero roca 

qveynis gadabrunebaze vocnebobdi da axla abasTumanSi 

vzivar“ (1941 w. kote ximSiaSvilisaTvis miwerili werilidan). 

„...ai, es aris Cemo rezo (margiani), Cemi natvra! gana siyvarulze 

rom weren, Cven aRar unda vweroT imave siyvarulze?! 

mec vwer da sxvanairad rom vwer, amis gamocnoba Wkvians 

ar gauWirdeba...“ (revaz margianisadmi miwerili uTariRo 

werilidan). 

125

lado asaTianis epistolaruli memkvidreobis am fragmentebSi 

vfiqrobT, calsaxad ikveTeba poetis moralur— 

zneobrivi portretic, sulieri samyaroc, megobrebisadmi 

saocari pirovnuli Tu SemoqmedebiTi gadajaWvulobac dabolos 

is tkiviliani da mZime cxovrebac, rac wilad ergo mas 

gangebisagan. 

Tumca bediswera uCveuolo siurprizebs — ymawvilkacobidanve 

agebebda poets, misi xanmokle sicocxle erTi cxovrebis 

dramatul istorias daemsgavseboda, rom ar yofiliyo 

ramdenime mSvenieri mosagonari, didi siyvaruli da leqsebi, 

romelTac lado asaTianis Semoqmedebas sicocxlis ganuzomeli 

siyvaruli, rwmena da maJoruli ganwyobileba SesZines. 

im mSvenier mosagonarTa Soris, poetisaTvis upirvelesi 

bavSvobis wlebi da masTan dakavSirebuli emociebia, romel- 

Tac mis sulSi waruSleli kvali datoves: 

126 

an kidev: 

„ra kargi iyo bardnala, 

bardnalelebis borani, 

vardebiani bardnari, 

bulbulTa naambrali“ 

(„bardnala“) 

„isev mominda Cemi sofeli, 

xalxur leqsebiT da sakravebiT, 

ezoSi—mwvane da uSobeli 

da mokuntruSe TeTri karvebi. 

isev mominda Cemi galia, 

Cemi velebi da venaxebi, 

aRar minaxavs, didi xania, 

gamzrdelis Tvalebs davenaxebi. 

(„soflisaken“) 

am striqonTa Semdeg ufro sarwmuno da gasagebi xdeba 

poetis amgvari „aRsarebac“ — „Cemi bavSvoba leqsiT damiwyiao“. 

asec iyo, zemoTmoyvanili striqonebi mxolod mogvianebiT 

dawerili leqsebia (1939—1940 w.w.), romlebic poetis 

mier leCxumsa Tu cagerSi gatarebul ymawvilkacobis mogoneba 

ufroa; magram seriozuli literaturuli saqmianoba 

lado asaTianma ufro adre daiwyo. pirveli leqsi Teqvsmeti 

wlisas gamouqveynebia, xolo mas Semdeg, rac quTaisis pedinstitutis 

jer sabunebismetyvelo, xolo Semdeg filolo-

giuri fakultetis studenti gaxda, leqsebiT xelSi saqalaqo 

gazeTis redaqciaSi siarulsac mouxSira, literaturul 

Sekrebebsa Tu ganxilvebzec xSirad Canda, da mkiTxvelmac 

male gaacnobiera, rom qarTuli poeziis sajildao qva kidev 

erTma gulwrfelma da niWierma kacma mosinja... 

es iyo 1934—1938 wlebi — lado asaTianis studentobis 

xana, misi pirveli warmatebuli SemoqmedebiTi nabijebisa da 

pirveli aRiarebis periodi, amasTan erTad, „axalTaobelTa“ 

SekavSirebis Tu damegobrebis, maTi gamoCeanis Tu moRvaweobis 

mSvenieri dReebi, romelTa Soris lado asaTianis sityvac 

da personac yvelaze gamorCeul da naTel gamovlinebad 

mosCans: 

„tkbilia, rogorc dedis rZiT balRi tuCSeuSrobeli, 

tkbilia, rogorc cis nami, rogorc alersi mSobelis, 

tkbilia, rogorc velebze jejilis mwvane fafari, 

tkbilia, rogorc Zilis pirs Zveli qarTuli zRapari. 

...tkbilia, rogorc wisqvilSi mTavarian Ramis gaTeva, 

tkbilia, rogorc aprilSi tyemlebis SemonaTeba. 

tkbilia, rogorc mtevani, vazze asxmuli Savada 

da siyvaruli uebro, mosuli TavisTavada“. 

(„Cemi samSoblo“) 

es leqsi 1936 wliT aris daTariRebuli da erTi maTgania 

im mSvenier, xalas, ZarRvian striqonTa Soris, romlebic 

lado asaTianma am periodSi Seqmna. 

magram poetis studentobis xanisa da misi Taobis SemoqmedebiTi 

nayofierebis garda es wlebi ufro mZafri, dramatuli 

da avadmosagonari movlenebis drod moiazreba istoriul 

cnobierebaSi: roca represiis Savi Rrublebi iqufreboda 

qarTveli inteligenciis Tavze da politikur braldebaTa 

korianteli gulagis grZel da civ gzaze mierekeboda 

maT, ganurCevlad danaSaulisa. 1937 wlis im Semodgomaze 

msjavrdebulTa ukidegano siaSi aRmoCnda quTaisis erT—er- 

Ti skolis rusuli enisa da literaturis maswavlebeli 

lida cqitiSvili — lado asaTianis deda, romelsac trockistobisa 

da xalxis mtrobis braldebiT samudamo gadasaxleba 

miusajes: 

„Cveni saxl—kari aawiokes daubanelma glexis kacebma. 

netav SensaviT bnelSi vtirode, ar vuyurebdi qveynis 

daqcevas. 

ingreva Seni naamagari da ar gaxseno ar SemiZlia, 

aRar gahkivis rTvelSic mayari, venaxSi Tofebs aRar 

isvrian. 

127

128 

ToneSi cecxli aRar tkrcialebs, mamam beReli valSi 

gayida 

da Zveleburad ar mifrialebs SukaSi TeTri baSilayiTa. 

Cveni marani da sawnaxeli ufro Zlierma daigirava, 

mama buxarTan zis Tavdaxrili. cecxlSi afurTxebs da 

igineba“. 

maSin lado asaTiani ociode wlisa iyo, Tumca literatorTa 

Soris ukve sakmaod cnobili niWieri poeti; samSoblosa 

da mis siyvarulze rom werda sakmaod „gabedul da xmamaRal“ 

leqsebs, sakuTar emociasa da damokidebulebas namdvili 

Rirebulebebisadmi arc literaturul Sekrebebsa da 

sxva Tavyrilobebze malavda. da ra unda yofiliyo pirdapirobaze, 

gabedulebaze da patriotul grZnobebsa Tu mowodebebze 

ufro meti mizezi administraciul—ideologiuri 

ujredisaTvis, rom lado asaTianisaTvis TiTi daeqniaT? 

asec moxda, lado asaTians politikuri CamorCeniloba wamosZaxes, 

pativmoyvareobasa da qedmaRlobaSi daadanaSaules, 

isic daabrales, rom uqmad laybobisa da SemoqmedebiTi 

ususurobis gamo man da misma megobrebma CaSlis piras miiyvanes 

„quTaisis mweralTa axalgazrda frTis“ literaturuli 

saqmianoba. amas bunebrivia, xalxis mtris Svilis ybadaRebuli 

braldebac daerTo da Sedegmac ar daayovna: 1938 wlis 

damdegs lado asaTiani institutidan garicxes, Tumca megobarTa 

da TanamoazreTa arcTu amao ZalisxmeviT male isev 

aRadgines. lado asaTianma swavla ganagrZo, Tumca mis sulSi 

am movlenaTa gamo datovebuli umZafresi tkivili da gancda 

droTa ganmavlobaSi ufro mZafrdeboda, da poets arcTu 

iSviaTad axsenebda Tavs. 

„avdeqi dardiT gulgaserili, gavaRe Cemi magidis yuTi, 

vnaxe Zvirfaso Seni werili... da gamibrwyinda Tvalebi 

wuTiT. 

vkiTxulob, vRelav, qarTlis mTebidan ginatre Svilma, 

itira leqsma, 

am gayviTlebul werilebidan me Seni gulis farTqali 

mesma. 

hau, ramdeni cremlebi vRvare, roca gavyevi wuxilis 

demons, 

netav sada xar, an romel mxares, sulze utkbeso, dedilo 

Cemo?“ 

Tumca dramatul movlenaTa wyeba amiT ar dasrulebula. 

lado asaTiani daubrunda studentur da literaturul

cxovrebas, magram mkacri redaqtorebisa Tu ideologiuri 

cenzorebisagan mosveneba arasodes hqonia, misi leqsebis 

„nacionalistur mimarTulebaze“, „ideologiur gaurkvevlobaze“, 

„ususurobasa“ Tu „usagnobaze“ wamdauwum saubrobdnen 

socialisturi ideologiis meabjre „wiTeli“ kritikosebi. 

metic, poetisaganac daJinebiT moiTxovdnen saku- 

Tari uideurobis aRiarebas. magram sicocxlisa da poeziis 

didma siyvarulma Tavisi gaitana, lado asaTiani kvlav werda, 

isev imaze, rac adridanve miaCnda poetis Tayvaniscemisa 

Tu yuradRebis Rirsad; imaze werda, rac mis sanukvar zraxvas, 

zneobriv ideals warmoadgenda — werda samSoblosa da 

siyvarulze. 

„axalTaobelebi“ — TavianTi „cisferyanweli“ winaTaobelTagan 

erTi niSniT imijnebian: isini yovelTvis miiCnevdnen, 

rom poetis SemoqmedebiTi Tu mxatvruli Zalmosileba 

upirvelesad patriotul TematikaSi unda gacxadebuliyo; 

TiTqos erTmaneTs ejibrebodnen kidec samSobloze ufro 

emociuri, ufro sulisSemZvreli striqonebis SeqmnaSi. aqac, 

lado asaTiani erT—erTi pirveli iyo: 

„ra qarTveli xar, da ra Wabuki, 

Tu mamuls Tavi ar anacvale — 

es awvalebda cotne dadians, 

mec qarTveli var da es mawvalebs. 

rom vdgevar axla Tbilisis karTan, 

Sen SekiTxebi cao, naTelo, 

am uxeiro leqsebis garda 

ras gavukeTeb me saqarTvelos?“ 

(`Tqven geubnebiT Zmebo mgosnebo~) 

patriotuli leqsi imTaviTve iqca lado asaTianis Semoqmedebis 

savizito baraTad“. „...me marTali kaci var, Cemi 

leqsis Temac mudam saqarTveloa... cru patriotizmi Cemi 

saqme ar aris... asea da ase iqneba sikvdilamde!“ — poetis am 

gancxadebaTa damadasturebelia is uwrfelesi gancdebi, 

romelic gansakuTrebuli simZafriT cnaurdeba samSobloze 

daweril leqsebSi. 

„saqarTveloSi ibadebodnen 

da Semdeg mudam wuxdnen amaze, 

ex... wuTiT mainc dabrundebodes 

Cveni bavSvoba da silamaze. 

129

130 

Tavs ar moiklavs qarTveli, ara, 

is SeiZleba brZolaSi mokvdes, 

erTi imediT: sicocxle marad 

gagrZeldes qveynad da ganmeordes 

(„saqarTveloSi“) 

lado asaTianis poeziis patriotuli suliskveTeba gansakuTrebulad 

istoriul Tematikaze daweril leqsebSi 

vlindeba. poetisagan sakuTari zneobrivi idealis gamomziurebis 

amgvari gza TiTqos arc arabunebrivia da arc axali: 

welTa SoreTidan istoriul gmirTa gamoxmoba, samSoblos 

gmiruli warsulis gaxseneba da siamaye patriotuli lirikis 

erTi niSandoblivi Tvisebaa. gansakuTarebulad xazxgasmuli 

da farTo saxe samSoblos Tematikis amgvarma aRqmam swored 

odaaTiani-ormociani wlebis poeturi Taobis SemoqmedebiT 

naazrevSi miiRo, xolo mogvianebiT, ormocdaaTiani— 

samociani wlebis poetTa literaturul memkvidreobaSi ganaxlebuli 

saxiTa Tu simZafriT gamovlinda. amdenad, lado 

asaTianiseuli amaRlebuli toni, amayi SeZaxili, xazgamsuli 

Tayvaniscema samSoblosaTvis TavSewiruli gmirebisadmi mis 

araerT leqsSi mosCans: 

„hei, Tqven aragvelebo, gaumaZRarno omiTa, 

Tqvens saflavebTan mosvla da muxlis modrekva 

mominda, 

SavCoxosani vaJkaco, Wriloba xom ar Segxsnia? 

es sisxli aris, Tu marTla yayaCoebis cecxlia?“ 

(„krwanisis yayaCoebi“) 

gansakuTrebuli emocia, erTgvari daZabuli toni siyvarulisa 

Tu sinanulis SegrZneba swored am Temaze daweril 

striqonebSi cxaddeba: 

„es gafrenili fafari, Tu mSobliuri nislia, 

vasia cxra bedauri, cxra daraxtuli visia? 

saiT wavidnen vaJebi, rad miatoves raSebi, 

raSebi TamaS—TamaSa, omebSi naTamaSebi?! 

...es mSobliuri qaria, Cveni algeTis velebis 

Tu sunTqva qarbuqiani, fafarayrili mernebis? 

mernebo, velur floqvebiT miwa amaod datoreT, 

amaod gaficxebulxarT, amaod uxmobT patronebs, 

foladis begTarianebs bnelSi amaod daeZebT, 

isini mamulisaTvis, marabdis velze daecnen!“ 

(„cxra Zma xerxeuliZe“)

albaT ukomentarod ar unda darCes mkiTxvelisaTvis 

isedac cxadi, gansakuTrebuli mxatvruli Rirebuleba am 

leqsebisa: mxatvrul saxeTa mravalferovneba, saocari Sinagani 

eqspresia, Tu riTmul—melodiuri keTilxmovaneba. 

magram mxatvrul RirsebaTa Tu TaviseburebaTa Soris upirvelesad 

unda gamoikveTos erTi simboluri niSani, an SeiZleba 

iTqvas, emblema, lado asaTianis poeziisa — esaa yayaCos 

xati — simbolo, romelsac gansakuTrebuli funqcia aqvs 

poetis SemoqmedebaSi; misi saxeli gmiris ukvdavebasTan., mis 

maradiulobasTan aris asocirebuli. yayaCo lado asaTianis 

leqsebSi personificirebuli saxea, igi adamianis bunebaSi — 

yvavilSi gardasuli sulia. samSoblosaTvis mebrZolTa sisxli 

mxolod „cas ar SesCuxCuxebs“, mas brZolis velic mourwyavs 

da „yayaCoebis cecxlad“ qceula. yayaCoebiT wiTlad 

aalebuli krwanisisa da marabdis velebi poetis gonebaSi 

gmirTa mier datovebuli saamayo da mSvenieri saxsovaris 

warmodgenas qmnis: 

an kidev: 

„Zvelad aq jarebs uxmodnen 

dafdafiTa da bukiTa, 

axla yayaCo Semomxvda 

lamazi qalis SuqiTa“ 

„hei, Zmobilo, Sexede, ramdeni yayaCo gaSlila, 

rac ufliscixes gamovcdiT, ufro da ufro gaxSirda, 


gzaSi yayaCos Sexvedra sikeTed dagvebedeba“. 

swored amgvari patriotul—lirikuli monologebi warmoadgens 

ZiriTadad lado asaTianis poezias, maT Sorisaa. 

„Cemi qveynis oqroyana“, „nakaSuris wisqvilebi“, „cixis sizmari“, 

„pirveli mWedlebi“, „gaifiqreb da gagexardeba“, „aspin- 

Za“, „gulbaaT WavWavaZe“, „basianis brZola“, „iliasadmi“, saqarTvelo 

iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli“ da sxva mravali leqsi. 

arc is mosazrebaa sadavo, rom literaturaTmcodneobaSi 

erTxmadaa aRiarebuli,rom swored patriotizmia lado 

asaTianis poeziis stiqia, Tumca sakvirveli araferia imaSi, 

rom poetis Semoqmedebis did da mniSvnelovan nawils intimur—meditaciuri 

da satrfialo poetika warmoadgens: 

131

132 

„ra damaviwyebs Sen lamaz Tvalebs, 

ram damaviwyos eg alublebi? 



vetyvi, Tu rogor gviyvarda Zvelad 

Cven trfialeba wregadasuli, 

Tu rogor gahqra ocneba yvela 

da mogonebad darCa warsuli“. 

sicocxlis siyvaruliT savse poetisaTvis bohemur cxovrebis 

mdinareba Tu Wabukur ocnebebze sinanuli amgvar saxeebSi 

warmoCndeboda: 

„amisi qmari sardafSi mokvda- 

ase ityvian Senze qalebi 

da Senc, aseTi nazi da koxta 

siyvaruls versad daemalebi.... 

— am kacis colma sxva Seiyvara, — 

ase ityvian Cemze biWebi, 

gamixseneben rogorc nikalas 

da Tbil samares daabijeben~. 

am leqsSi firosmanis Temac xmiandeba — ociani da ocdaaTiani 

wlebis qarTuli lirikuli leqsisaTvis esoden 

cnobili da axlobeli. giorgi leoniZis, terenti granelis, 

galaktionis, paolo iaSvilisa da tician tabiZis leqsebis 

lirikuli gmiri, martosulobis niWierebis, bohemurobis, 

qarTveli poetebis sulieri Tu SemoqmedebiT erTarsebis 

simbolo — niko firosmani lado asaTianis poetur samyaro- 

Sic gamorCeul adgil ikavebs: 

„aq, am quCaSi dadioda rogorc sizmari, 

saqarTvelos cas aq etrfoda misi ocneba, 

Camoxeuli, tanmaRali, marad xizani, 

martooden guli da bajaRlo patiosneba“. 

am leqsebs emociur Tu grZnobier safanelad Tbilisis 

siyvaruli gasdevs, bunebrivia, firosmanis persona yovelTvis 

XX saukunis dasawyisis Tbilisis bohemur Tu yoveldRiur 

yofasTan erTad moiazreba: 

„yvela xevsuri da yvela svani, 

qarTveli qali, Tvalebmayvala, 

Cemi Tbilisi da firosmani 

ar vici ase ram Semayvara.

...mokvda Tu ara yvelam acxona, 

cocxali arvin ar miikara, 

me firosmanis quCaze vcxovrob 

da yovel diliT vxvdebi nikalas“ 

(„ar vici ase ram Semayvara“) 

Tbilisis suraTebs, saerTod Tbilisis Temas, misi andamaturi 

Tvisebebis qarTul literaturaTmcodneobaSi gaxmianebul 

Teorias lado asaTianis poeziaSi Taviseburi 

mxatvruli realizacia gaaCnia: 

„rusTavelis prospeqtze siaruli 

nu momiSalos RmerTma, 

viyo mudam ase mxiaruli, 

qarTveli poeti merqvas. 

puris natexi da erTi Wiqa Rvino 

simdidred CamiTvaleT, 

Tu meti vinatro, an es viTakilo 

ar vnaxo samoTxis mTvare...“. 

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom avtori mkiTxvels erTgvar 

erovnul—patriotul fons Tu „rekvizits“ am Tematikaze 

Seqmnil leqsebSic sTavazobs. 

„...siyvaruls mTxov—mwuxarebas gTavazob, 

nuTu ase dagatyveves fiqrebma, 

cota kidev moiTmine lamazo, 

da nanatri mTa—gorebic iqneba. 

cota kidev, salocavo xatebav, 

da laSqari svavebis da yornebis, 

viT Rrubeli ise gaifanteba 

da Tbilisis miwas veamborebiT. 

cotac kidev da ielvebs krwanisi 

da metexis eklesiis Tavani, 

sadac wminda macxovaris xatis win 

fexSiSvela loculobda Tamari“ („gzaSi“) 

am leqss ki konkretuli adresati hyavs — poetis meuRle 

— aniko vaCnaZe: 

„me vetrfi Zlier Tbilisis havas, 

niko firosmans da saiaTnovas, 

me im loTian momRerals vgavar, 

qarTveli qalis Snosa da javars 

da saqarTvelos lurji cis Tavans 

rom umReroda dauRalavad!“ 

(„aniko vaCnaZes“) 

133

aseTi dakavSireba poetisaTvis Zvirfasi adamianisa misTvis 

aseve Zvirfas gmirTan — idealTan arcTu iSviaTi SemTxvevaa 

lado asaTianis leqsebSi, rac intimur Temaze daweril 

lirikul striqonebs, Tu sasaubro intonacias erTgvar 

amaRlebul ganwyobilebas sZens, da „SinamniSvnelobas“, yoveldRiur, 

yofiT xasiaTsac ganaridebs, aseTia leqsi „manana 

orbelianis suraTze“: 

134 

„Sen Saosano, SavTvaelav, Sav samareSi gZinavs, 

jer kargad arc ki gamTbara Cemi patara cira. 

Seni saxeli davarqvi minda Sen ggavdes marto, 

erisTvis, qalo, fiqalo, adre damWknaro vardo“. 

samSoblos istoriul warsulze amgvar sworebas, qar- 

Tul xasiaTze, qarTvelTa gmirul bunebaze calsaxa da daufarav 

miTiTebas mxolod namdvili poeziis damfasebelTa 

yuradReba ar miupyria... studentobis wlebSi „mkacri kritikosebisa“ 

da „fxizeli maswavleblebis“ mier gatarebuli 

„sanqciebi“ „mkacri da fxizeli redaqtor—gamomcemlebis“ 

ZalisxmeviT gagrZelda _ 1942 wels ideuri subieqturobisa 

da apolitikuri mosazrebebis braldebiT mTlianad gaanadgures 

poetis leqsebis II krebuli (I krebuli 1940 wels gamosca), 

romelsac „winaprebi“ erqva, xelisuflebis damfrTxalma 

ideologiurma Stoebma am leqsebSi imdroisTvis sa- 

SiSi da ybadaRebuli warsuli dReebis zedmetad gandidebis 

nacionalistur — viwroSovinisturi, tendencia da socialistur—bolSevikuri 

yofis naklebad gundrukis mkmeveli 

kacis pozicia dainaxes. Tumca iqneb arc iyo WeSmaritebas 

moklebuli maTi es braldeba da damokidebuleba, radgan bunebrivia, 

sabWoTa moqalaqis rkinisebur ideologias veranairad 

ver miudgeboda poetis Tundac es leqsi — himni qar- 

Tuli enisadmi: 

„saqarTvelos mTebSi gagaCina zenam, 

siyvarulis, leqsis, sadRegrZelos enav, 

moimRera dRemdis uZvelesma tomma— 

Slegi CanCqerebis napralebze, xltoma. 

myvinvarebis RvTiur brwyinvalebiT dnoba, 

jagnarebSi irmis jogis navardoba, 

gafantuli faris mTaze dajanReba! — 

da qarTuli faris farze dajaxeba“.

„Tu cocxali davrCi da Senc cocxals momiswari, roca 

Camoxval kai lamaz wigns dagaxvedreb... vinZlo misma 

gamosvlam es uRimRamo sicocxle odnav gamixangrZlivos. 

esaa Cemi imedi...“ (1942 w. nika agiaSvilisaTvis gagzavnili 

werilidan). 

rodesac es striqonebi iqmneboda, lado asaTiani ukve 

avad iyo 1939 wels samxedro samsaxurSi gawveuli sul ramodenime 

Tve iyo jariskaci. TbilisSi swored avadmyofobis 

gamo dabrunda; amis Semdeg mZime senma TbilisSi yofnis SesaZleblobac 

mouspo da iZulebuli gaxda darCenili sicocxlis 

didi nawili abasTumanSi gaetarebina. daqiravebul 

patara oTaxSi ganmartovebuli poeti mosawyen saRamoebs 

magidasTan mimjdari da furcelCaCerebuli, leqsebisa da 

werilebis weraSi atarebda, amiTRa iklavda TbilisSi dar- 

Cenili ojaxis wevrebisa Tu omSi wasuli megobrebis monatrebas 

da naxvis survils. verc abasTumanSi iyo mSvidad, calke 

TbilisSi datovebuli colisa da mcirewlovani Svilis 

dardi hqonda, leqsebs ugzavnida maT da mcire honorariT 

cdilobda gamklaveboda arcTu dalxenil yoveldRiurobas: 

„...zamTarSi aq Zlier mkacri sicive icis, saWiroa kargi, 

Tbili oTaxi, SeSa, navTi, saWmeli, eseni ki zamTarSi Zalian 

Zneli saSovnelia, bazari ixureba, sursaTi TiTqmis ar iSovneba, 

SeSa ar aris...CemsaviT martokacis cxovreba aq zamTar- 

Si SeuZlebelia...TbilisSi unda Camovide“ — werda meuRles 

abasTumnidan 1940 wels. amis Semdeg advili warmosadgenia, 

Tu „ra qarebi wewavdnen“ da ra fiqrebi awvalebdnen abasTumanSi 

ganmartovebul, mZime seniT Sepyrobil lado asaTians, 

romelsac Tavisi ojaxis dardi calke klavda, sakuTar yofasac 

agvarebda da rom ara sulieri Zalisxmeva, nebisyofa da 

simtkice albaT warmoudgeneli iyo am mdgomareobaSi kidev 

hqonoda unari da survili leqsi ewera: 

„abasTumani — xabazTubani, 

mzem fanjrebidan SemoanaTa, 

Cemi sawoli da sasTumali, 

Cemi palata, TeTri palata... 

TeTr magidaze wignebis grova, 

cisfer vazaSi naZvis rto mwvane, 

ocneba: Tbiliss wasvlis droc mova, 

miiwureba agvisto male“. 

135

ocnebebs ki axdena aRar ewerT, zemoTxsenebulma „SemoqmedebiTma 

fiaskom“ — krebulis amao lodinma, vin icis, iqneb 

ufro Seumokla poets isedac xanmokle sicocxle. 

erTic unda iTqvas: lado asaTianis avadmyofoba da abas- 

TumanSi yofnis xana (1940—43 wlebi) II msoflio omis pirvel 

wlebs daemTxva. am faqtis aRniSvnas is sayovelTao da moculobiTi 

mniSvneloba ganapirobebs, rac sazogadod qarTul 

mwerlobaSi am Temas gaaCnia. ar darCenila im da Semdgomi periodis 

TiTqmis arcerTi mwerali, romlis SemoqmedebaSi am 

Temis asaxva da analizi ar Semdgariyo, ubralod, am problematikis 

ararseboba Tu gverdis avla rbilad rom ganisazRvros, 

sabWoTa periodSi uideurobisa da amoralobis tolfasi 

iyo. lado asaTiani swored am „gamonaklisTa“ Soris aRmoCnda 

mis SemoqmedebaSi „didi samamulo omis Tema“ ar aris 

(im faqtis miuxedavad, rom misi umrwmesi megobrebi mirza 

gelovani da nika agiaSvili frontis wina xazze ibrZodnen). 

Tumca sruliad usagnoa imis mtkiceba, rom lado asaTianisagan 

omis Temis ugulvelyofa, Tundac qarTveli kacis TvaliT 

aRqmuli poziciidan, raime gansakuTrebuli politikuri 

an pacifisturi mosazrebiT unda aixsnas. vfiqrobT, mizezi 

TviT poetis SinasamyaroSi cxovrebasa da bedisweraSi 

unda veZioT, imdenad mZime iyo is sinamdvile, rac poetis winaSe 

mTeli sigrZe—siganiT idga, imdenad axlos iyo dasasruli 

da sikvdilsac ise xSirad Cahyurebda TvalebSi, rom cdilobda 

masze aRar elaparaka, aRar esaubra, misTvis brZola 

leqsebiTa da sicocxlisadmi xmamaRla axsnili siyvaruliT 

gamoecxadebina da amiT „Caeraza sikvdilis yvela kari“. 

„gamarjoba nikoloz (agiaSvili) Zvirfaso! kargia rom 

Ronivrad da kargad yofilxar... magram ufrTxildi, araferi 

mogewios agiaSvilo! aba, miTxari ra Cveni saqmea omi! isic 

aseTi sastiki omi. Cven senakebSi unda visxdeT da wignebSi 

viqeqebodeT Sandliani sanTlebis sinaTleze.... ... me da Sen 

vikingebad ar gamovdgebiT, miT umetes koWebamde wyalSi 

curvac Zlivs rom ici. Tumca isic wamikiTxavs, erTi yvelaze 

saxelganTqmul mekobres, romelic Turme Tavzarsa scemda 

mTel xmelTaSua zRvasa, curva ar scodnia, cofianiviT eSinoda 

wyalSi Casvlis... (1942 w. nika agiaSvilisTvis, frontis 

wina xazze gagzavnili werilidan)’’. 

da rodesac ukiduresad SeZrwunebuli mainc dafiqrdeboda 

xolme, maSin... Cems ambavs kiTxulob, Zalze gimadli, 

mandedanac rom ar miviwyeb, oRond ra mogwero, ra giTxra 

mec aRar vici, rogor var da rogor wava Cemi saqme. amis gamo 

136

dumils vamjobineb...Zalian bevri minda gavakeTo, magram rodesRa?... 

am ambebs erTi kacis sicocxlec ki ar eyofa, me ki 

„damqrola qarman sastikman“, magram rasac movaswreb, vecdebi... 

ise ki Zalian unugeSoa Cemi yofa. xandaxan, rogorc 

ityvian, marto sakuTari landi Tu Crdili damrCa megobrad 

da isic mzian dReSi. avdarSi sul marto var da suli amomZvra, 

paraSutze dakidebul adamians vgavar, cisa da miwis Sua 

gaxiruls“ (1942 w. nika agiaSvilisTvis gagzavnili werilidan). 

dumils amjobinebda da cdilobda, arsad exsenebina 

tanjva, dardi, sikvdili, arc Tavis avadmyofobaze saubrobda, 

misi saxelis xsenebasac erideboda: 

„rogor ar minda, Zliero seno, 

leqsSi qarTulad ar mogixseno! 

rogor ar minda, Cems siWabukes 

daaCndes Seni Savi Crdilebi! 

es ra uSreti cecxliT dambuge, 

pirs marideben qaliSvilebi!... 

...Sen SegrCes vaJas filtvebis daRrRna 

da Cems dacemas nu lamob axla. 

o, ganved Cemgan Zliero seno, 

Cems Semdeg nurvin nu mogixsenos“. 

...da mainc, rogor „ferTa mxatvrad“ darCa lado asaTiani 

qarTuli lirikis istoriaSi? ra aris misi poeziis stiqia, 

cxovrebis gzaze adreSemoRamebuli kacis fiqrebi mZime yofasa 

da gausaZlis dReebze Tu samSoblosa da sicocxlis 

siyvaruliT STagonebuli gadaZaxili momavlisaken? pasuxi 

amgvaria. erTica da meorec. poetis sulSi waruSleli kvali 

datova ymawvilkacobidanve cxovrebisagan miRebulma mZime 

dartymebma, Tumca ver Cakla da ver waSala sicocxlisa da 

siyvarulisadmi maradiuli ltolva, rogorc qarTvelTa 

arcerTi „Tanamdevi sulisa“, TavianT leqsebSi marad sicocxlis 

zRvardaudeblobasa da dauSretlobas rom RaRadebdnen. 

lado asaTianis msoflmxedvelobrivi idealic albaT 

aqedan ixseneba, misi siWabukis adreul xanSive datrialebulma 

dramatulma movlenebma, represiebma, usamarTlo gulistkenam, 

braldebebma, martoobam da bolos sikvdilTan 

pirispir Seyram poeti kidev ufro miajaWva sicocxles, TiTqos, 

kidev ufro cxadad SeigrZno misadmi siyvarulic da 

qarTveli mkiTxvelis SemecnebaSic lado asaTianis poezia 

siyvarulisa da sicocxlis apologiad darCa: 

137

138 

„daukariT, rom Zvel xanjals elda eces, 

gaimarjos da brZolaSi daixarjos, 

gaumarjos saqarTvelos mzes da zecas, 

saqarTvelos Zlierebas gaumarjos! 

daukariT! jer xom sisxli gviduRs ZarRvSi, 

jer xom saros foTlebi ar gascvenia, 

jer xom mcxeTis sveticxovlis did darbazSi 

saqarTvelos cxeli guli asvenia! 

daukariT da imRereT ise magrad, 

rom filtvebi gvetkinos dagveberos! 

daukariT, rom Wabukni viyoT marad, 

rom cxovrebam verasodes dagvaberos! 

daukariT, moaswariT Torem heri... 

da siberec Zu mgeliviT mogvixteba, 

daukariT Zveleburi mosalxeni: 

Savgvremanebs Savi Coxca mogvixdeba! 

daukariT Zveleburi loTiani, 

Torem dardi RrebeliviT gasivdeba, 

gafrindeba siWabuke SfoTiani, 

wrfeli guli, cxeli guli gacivdeba! 

...xom lamazia es Cemi coli, magram me ufro lamazi 

minda — 

atmis xesaviT afeTqebuli da moqneuli gavaziviTa. 

xom lamazia es saqarTvelo, magram me ufro lamazi 

minda — 

farTod gaSlili da moxatuli Tamar dedoflis 

darbaziviTa!“

apolon silagaZe 

ioane-zosimes akrostiqis versifikaciuli 

struqtura 

1. ioane-zosimes akrostiquli ànderZi~ (erTvis mis krebuls 

`sagalobelni iadgarni, romelsa Sina weril arian dResaswaulni 

yovelni axalni da Zuelni sruliad, da Jamni 

aTormetni sruliad qarTulad da sabawmidurad, da qoronikoni 

sruliad~), n. maris gamocemis Semdeg (mari 1903: 40; ix. 

agreTve kekeliZe 1980: 169), orjer iqna dabeWdili leqsiTi 

nawarmoebis saxiT — p. beraZis (beraZe 1943: 591) da p. ingoroyvas 

mier (ingoroyva 1954: 570; sqolioSi avtors miTiTebuli 

aqvs, rom leqsis struqtura mas dadgenili aqvs ufro 

adre, erT-erT moxsenebaSi 1934 wels). 

p. beraZis varianti: 

gundni igi zecisani 

Sen, wmidasa, ganwyobiTni 

gigaloben; 

me uRirsi Segivrdebi, 

raTa viyo maTTanave 

Sengan uZag. 

ese Sesxma sulieri, 

Sen mierve mocemuli, 

kacTa mier moRuaweTa 

friad sibrZniT 

gamoTqumiT(a) 

Seiwire Cem mierca 

kacT-moyvare. 

raTa Cuenca vixarebdeT 

Suenierad datkbobilni, 

xmaTa maTTa simravliTa, 

galobiTa brwyinvaliTa, 

SesxmiTa miT wmidaTaÁTa, 

romliTaca ididebi 

Sen saxier. 

gangvimravle qvelis moqmed, 

ganZi ese sulieri, 

mocemuli Senmieri, 

Zalsa missa myven mimwdomel, 

raTa ara iyos Cuenda 

aug. 

139

140 

orTa mier brwyinvaleTa 

RmrTisa kacTa sasurvelTa 

siRrmiTa miT gulisaÁTa, 

saTnod RmrTisa Sekrebili, 

viTarca raÁ margaliti 

uricxvisa sasyidlisa, 

Cven mogueca morwmuneno. 

p. i ngoroyvas varianti: 

1. gundi igi zecisani Sen wmindasa wmidaTasa 

ganwyobiTni gigaloben. 

me uRirsi Segivrdebi, raTa viyo maT Tanave 

Sengan uZag. 

ixarebdeT mioZRurebiTa 

sulierad SesxmisaÁTa, 

hoi krebulo mswavlulTao, 

urTideT raÁ sityuaTa maT 

galobiTa xmeaniTa, 

romelTagan ididebis 

kacmoyuare RmerTi Cueni. 

2. ese Sesxma sulieri Sen mierve mocemuli, 

kacTa mier moRuaweTa friad sibrZniT gamoTqumudi 

Seiwire Cem _ mierca 

kacT _ moyvare. 

3. orTa mier brwyinvaleTa RmrTisa kacTa sasurvelTa, 

siRrmiTa miT gulisaÁTa, saTnod RmrTisa Sekrebuli, 

viTarca raÁ margaliti uricxvisa sasyidlisa, 

Cven mogueca, morwmuneno. 

4. raTa Cuenca vixarebdeT Suenierad datkbobilTa 

xmaTa maTTa simravliTa, 

galobiTa brwyinvaliTa, SesxmiTa miT wmidaTaÁTa, 

romliTaca ididebi Sen, saxier. 

5. gangvimravle quelis-moqmed ganZi ese sulieri, 

mocemuli Sen mieri, 

Zalsa missa myven mimwdomel, raTa ara iyos igi 

Cuenda aug. 

6. ixarebdeT moZRurebiTa sulierad SesxmisaÁTa, 

hoi krebulo mswavlelTao, 

vurTvideT raÁ sityuaTa maT galobiTa xmeaniTa, 

romelTagan ididebis kacmoyuare RmerTi Cueni. 

versifikaciuli TvalsazrisiT, orive avtori aRniSnavs 

leqss — oRond ara Camoyalibebuli saxisa. p. beraZis mier 

danaxulia rvamarcvledebi (Cemi versia — ix. qvemoT — garkveulwilad 

axloa beraZiseul variantTan); p. ingoroyva

aRniSnavs `maRali Sairis polimetrs~ (romelSic gamoyenebulia 

`maRali Sairis saleqso sazomebis saxeobani~: 4-marcvledi, 

8-marcvledi, 12-marcvledi, 16-marcvledi); magram 

zusti da mwyobri formaluri struqtura danaxuli ar iyo, 

maT Soris, Cem mierac — 1997 w. gamocemul monografiaSi (ix. 

silagaZe 1997: 160; kerZod: `mocemuli teqsti ZiriTadad agebulia 

orwevrebze 4+4, mwyobri organizaciis gareSe~). 

2. amjerad warmovadgen axal interpretacias, romelic, 

rogorc Cans, adekvaturad miemarTeba mocemuli teqstis — 

leqsiTi teqstis — versifikaciul struqturas (an: imas, rac 

avtors Cafiqrebuli hqonda rogorc versifikaciuli 

struqtura, _ es SeniSvna aucilebelia, radganac sqema, romelic 

warmodgenilia qvemoT, erT konieqturas gulisxmobs). 

I II 

1. gundni igi zecisani 

2. Sen, wmidasa, 

ganwyobiTni 

3. gigaloben; 

4. me uRirsi 

Segivrdebi, 

5. raTa viyo maTTanave 

6. Sengan uZag. 

1 ese Sesxma sulieri, 

2 Sen mierve mocemuli, 

3 kacTa mier 

moRuaweTa 

4 friad sibrZniT 

gamoTqumiT(a) 

5 Seiwire Cem mierca 

6 kacT-moyvare. 

1 orTa mier 

brwyinvaleTa 

2 RmrTisa kacTa 

sasurvelTa 

3 siRrmiTa miT 

1 raTa Cuenca 

vixarebdeT 

2 Suenierad 

datkbobilni, 

3 xmaTa maTTa 

simravliTa, 

4 galobiTa 

brwyinvaliTa, 

5 SesxmiTa miT 

wmidaTaÁTa, 

6 romliTaca ididebi 

7. Sen saxier. 

1 gangvimravle qvelis 

moqmed, 

2 ganZi ese sulieri, 

3 mocemuli Senmieri, 

4 Zalsa missa myven 

mimwdomel, 

5 raTa ara iyos 

6 Cuenda aug. 

1 ixarebdeT 

mioZRurebiTa 

2 sulierad SesxmisaÁTa, 

3 hoi krebulo 

mswavlulTao, 

141

teqstSi gaTvaliswinebulia p. ingoroyvaseuli aRdgenebi 

(maT Soris _ ìgi~ mexuTe strofis mexuTe striqonSi). 

sqema: 

142 

gulisaÁTa, 

4 saTnod RmrTisa 

Sekrebili, 

5 viTarca raÁ 

margaliti 

6 uricxvisa 

sasyidlisa, 

7 Cven mogueca 

morwmuneno. 

I II 

4 urTideT raÁ 

sityuaTa maT 

5 galobiTa xmeaniTa, 

6 romelTagan ididebis 

7 kacmoyuare RmerTi 

Cueni. 

1. 4+4 1. 4+4 

2. 4+4 2. 4+4 

3. 4+4 3. 4+4 

4. 4+4 4. 4+4 

5. 4+4 5. 4+4 

6. 4 6. 4 

1. 4+4 1. 4+4 

2. 4+4 2. 4+4 

3. 4+4 3. 4+4 

4. 4+4 4. 4+4 

5. 4+4 5. 4+4 

6. 4 6. 4 

1. 4+4 1. 4+4 

2. 4+4 2. 4+4 

3. 4+4 3. 4+4 

4. 4+4 4. 4+4 

5. 4+4 5. 4+4 

6. 4+4 6. 4+4 

7. 4+4 7. 4+4 

es versifikaciuli sqema agebulia erT koniuqturaze, 

kerZod, sqemis poziciebidan, meore nawilSi, mis pirvel (mTeli 

leqsisTvis meoTxe) monakveTSi, ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli 

erTi striqoni, rogorc sqemisTvis (sqemisTvis da ara 

teqstisTvis!) zedmeti; ufro zustad — iseTi, romelic arRvevs 

(avtoris mier Segnebulad an Seugneblad) versifikaci

ul sqemas (aseTad SeiZleba miviCnioT mexuTe striqoni `SesxmiTa 

miT wmidaTaTa~). 

maSin Cven winaa mwyobri versifikaciuli struqtura, romelic, 

pirvel yovlisa, imazea agebuli, rom igi ornawiliania: 

es aris ori, agebulebiT identuri, nawilisgan Semdgari 

struqtura. TiToeuli nawilis formalur saxes qmnis: 1) sami 

strofi (avtorisdroindeli terminologiiT _ `muxli~, 

ix.: `muxlTa Tavni da boloni saxelsa ityvian `georgi~); 2) 

maTgan yoveli pirveli da meore 6-striqoniania, striqonTa 

ganawilebis Semdegi sqemiT: I. 4+4, II. 4+4, III. 4+4, IV. 4+4, V. 4+4. 

VI. 4 (bolo striqoni, yvela danarCeni 4+4 striqonisgan gansxvavebiT, 

4-marcvliania); 3. yoveli mesame (bolo) strofi 7striqoniania 

(gansxvavebiT sxva strofebisgan, romlebic 6striqoniania), 

Svidive striqoni erTsa da imave agebulebas, 

4+4, warmoadgens. 

mocemuli versifikaciuli sqemis mTavari elementia misi 

simetriuli ornawilianoba: a) zogadi simetria, damyarebuli 

ori nawilis struqturul identurobaze; b) konkretuli 

simetria, damyarebuli erTi nawilis yoveli strofis 

struqturul Sesabamisobaze meore nawilSi imave adgilze 

mdebare strofTan. 

am mxriv ioane-zosimes ànderZi iadgarisas~ forma unikaluria. 

garda amisa, me-10 saukuneSi am formis (pirvel rigSi, 

4+4 striqonis mqone) arsebobis faqti saintereso masalas 

iZleva qarTuli leqsTwyobis diaqroniis analizisTvis, magram 

es sxva, calke, msjelobis Temaa. 

damowmebani: 

beraZe 1943: beraZe p. qarTuli iambikos Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos mecn. 

akademiis moambe, t. IV, № 6, 1943. 

ingoroyva 195: ingoroyva p. giorgi merCule. Tb.: 1954. 

kekeliZe 1980: kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria. t. I, 

Tb.: 1980. 

mari 1903: Марр Н. Я. Предварительный отчет о работах на Синае и 

Иерусалиме. Сообщения Палестинского общества. т. XIV, ч. II, 1903. 

silagaZe 1997: silagaZe a. Zveli qarTuli leqsi da qarTuli poeziis 

uZvelesi safexuris problema. Tb.: 1997. 

143

144 

nino sozaSvili 

lado asaTianis ramdenime leqsis folkloruli 

aspeqtebi 

XX saukunis qarTul poezias `sabWoTa~ hqvia. sityva 

,,sabWoTa” bevrze bevr kiTxvas scems pasuxs da imasac, rom 

igi koniuqturuli bunebisaa. TviT am tvirTiTurT gaxlavT 

igi Tavis TavSi dajerebuli, dajerebuli imaSi, rom igi 

saTqmels mainc bolomde ambobs, rac xels uwyobs saxismetyvelebis 

rigi magaliTebis warmoqmnis mravalgvarobas. es is 

poeturi SesaZleblobaa, ramac ukeT daicva da Seinaxa eris 

sulieri swrafvani. gvaocebs galaktion tabiZis, giorgi 

leoniZis, lado asaTianis, ana kalandaZisa da sxvaTa lirikuli 

Sedevrebis sivrce da moculoba, rac dRemde rCeba 

Cveni sulierebis sazrdod, Cveni miwieri cxovrebis SeubRalav 

nawilad, Zalad, rasac win mihyavs Cveni suliereba. 

XX saukune — es aris dro, roca Semoqmedi xelebdakapiwebuli 

ibrZvis, erTi mxriv, poeziis Znelad asasvlel aRmarTze 

sulmouTqmelad amaRlebis, meore mxriv, im rwmenis 

dasakmayofileblad, romelsac rusTavelis sityvebiT 

`sjobs saxelisa moxveWa yovelsa mosaxveWelsa~ hqvia, mesame 

mxriv, qveynis saWeTmpyrobelTa saameblad, visac erisa da 

TiToeuli adamianis bedi ebara, e.w. moqalaqeobrivi valis 

gadasaxdelad. 

amjerad mwerloba ara marto miTis gadamuSavebis xelovnebas 

miubrunda, aramed — erovnul zepirpoeturi Txzulebebidan 

gansakuTrebuli Sexmianebac scada, rasac, Zalian 

xSirad, warmatebiTac gaarTva Tavi. arada, mogexsenebaT, ra 

Znelia, roca xalxuri Zegli SemoqmedisaTvis adgilidan Znelad 

dasaZvrelia. sabednierod, ase ar xdeba lado asaTianis 

poeziis sivrceebSi. lado asaTianis poeziaSi, metaforuli 

azrovnebisa da miTologiuri masalis gadamuSavebis ZiebaTa 

siuxvesTan erTad, gamorCeuli adgili eTmoba folklorul 

samyaros, rac, mocemul TiToeul SemTxvevaSi poetis SemoqmedebiTi 

Zalisxmevis qvakuTxedad iqceva, qvakuTxedad, romelic 

gabedulad iyrdnobs Txzulebis mTel infrastruqturas. 

poetis lirikidan jer iseT Txzulebebs movavloT 

Tvali, sadac aSkarad Cans zepirsityvieri Txzulebis saxe, 

misi momnusxveli Zala.

erovnul folklorTan l. asaTianis SemoqmedebiTi mimarTebis 

ramdenime Taviseburebaa TvalsaCino. 

pirveli — xalxur teqstTan e.w. SemovliTi gzebis gareSe, 

`Riad~ misvlisa da misgan `davalebuli~ individualuri 

Txzulebani. 

meore — poeti STagonebul SesaZleblobas aniWebs zepirpoeturi 

Txzulebis fragmentebs. 

mesame — poeti xalxuri Zeglisa da bibliuri masalis saxe-simboloebiT 

sargeblobs, rac sul sxva iersaxes aZlevs 

mwerlis Txzulebas. 

lado asaTiani is Semoqmedia, visi lirikac erovnuli 

xalxuri Semoqmedebis puriTa da mariliTaa nasazrdoebi. 

lado asaTianma icis xalxuri Semoqmedebis Zalmosileba, 

swams da sjera misi. endoba, ufrTxildeba, eyrdnoba, rogorc 

nacad balavars. 

zepirsityvierebaSi Zlieri poeturi andamatis mqone Zegli 

Zalian bevria. lado asaTiani leqsSi ,,salaRobo” ucvlelad 

tovebs xalxur leqss sagmiro poeziidan: 

`kacis guli iseTia, 

viT morevi Savi zRvisa, 

ra gind kargi coli hyavdes, 

mainc enatreba sxvisa!~ 

imave leqsSi poeti mimarTavs qarTul xalxur sagmiropatriotul 

lirikas, mis saukeTeso nimuSs da ucvlelad 

moaqvs igi: 

`vaJkacsa guli rkinisa, 

abjari Tunda xisani, 

Tvalni qorebul mxevalni, 

zed muxlni Savardnisani~. 

lado asaTiani amave leqsSi aseve ,,ekamaTeba” xalxuri filosofiuri 

lirikis iseT leqsebs, romlebSiac cxovrebis 

amaoebazea laparaki, aseTi elegiuri Zegli ki cota rodia 

Cvens folklorSi. davimowmoT ramodenime magaliTi: 

`vis ra hklavs netar survili, 

vis ra aRviZebs mZinarsa? 

vin ras hlevs mudam tanjvaSi 

sicocxles mosawyenarsa~. 

(qarT. xalx. poezia 1979: 39) 

145

146 

movusminoT poets: 

daukariT! da imRereT ise magrad, 

rom filtvebi gvetkinos da dagveberos! 

daukariT, rom Wabukni viyoT marad, 

rom cxovrebam verasodes ver dagvaberos. 

(asaTiani 1946:10) 

xalxur filosofiur lirikaSi, rogorc e. virsalaZe SeniSnavda, 

ùmetesad eTikur problemebzea msjeloba~ (virsalaZe 

1979: 6). analogiuria l. asaTianis aq warmodgenili leqsic. 

Cven vgrZnobT, rom cxovrebaze `xelCaqnevis, pesimizmis~ 

qadagebas l. asaTiani veranairad ver Seurigdeba, aseTi azri 

wuTisoflis xalxuri `logikis~ Sesaxeb, Cveni poetis paToss 

sruliadac ar akmayofilebs. 

qarTuli xalxuri eposis uamrav personaJs Soris devi 

erT-erTi TvalsaCino da gamorCeulia. 

literaturaTmcodneTa Tu folkloristTa mtkicebebiT, 

devis mxatvruli saxe qarTul sityvier kulturaSi aRmosavleTidan 

unda iyos Semosuli. 

devis mxatvrul saxes Cvens zepirsityvierebasa da mwerlobaSi 

sul cota TxuTmetsaukunovani istoria mainc aqvs. 

amaze uTuod metyvelebs qarTuli martirologiuri mwerlobis 

Tavfurceli iakob xucesis `wamebaÁ wmindisa SuSanikisi 

dedoflisaÁ~. 

XX saukunis qarTuli mwerloba erovnul xalxur SemoqmedebasTan, 

tradiciul SemoqmedebiT kavSirurTierTobas 

agrZelebs. lado asaTiani am kulturis warmomadgenelia. misi 

poeziis erT-erTi Rvedi uTuod aris ukvdav-uberebeli 

erovnuli xalxuri poeturi sityva. 

leqsSi `fSavuri balada~ devis mxatvruli saxe poets 

warmosaxvaTa gaaqtiurebisaTvis xazgasmulad sWirdeba. aq 

devis, an devis qalis warmosaxva TvalsaCino ar aris; igi arc 

hiperbolaa mxolod. mkiTxvelisaTvis bavSvobidanve zRaprebiT 

nacnobi devis warmosaxviT advildeba am saocari mxaris 

aRqma-warmodgena. metaforis mizanic esaa — nacnobidan 

ucnobisaken! 

gadmohyva RamiT Rrublebis burans 

uzarmazari mxar-beWis rxeviT, 

daeca zRaprul devebis bunags 

Savnabdiani calTvala devi. 

(asaTiani 1946: 26)

ogorc xalxur zRaparSi, l. asaTianis poeziaSic devi 

daumorCileblobis, fizikuri Zalis aRzevebuli mTlianobaa. 

uZlevelobis simboloa, magram adamiani mainc amarcxebs 

mas. 

leqsSi `fSavuri balada~ araCveulebrivi lirizmiTa da 

ostaturobiTaa gamoyenebuli xalxuri epikuri personaJebi, 

romelTac zRaprul samyaroSi gadavyavarT. 

ra Tqma unda, mxolod erT statiaSi Znelia isaubro amomwuravad 

lado asaTianis poeziis folklorul reminiscenciebze. 

am sakiTxis ganxilva momavlis saqmea da mas uTuod 

didi mniSvneloba aqvs poetis Semoqmedebis srulyofili 

SeswavlisaTvis. zepirsityvierebasTan SemoqmedebiTi kavSiris 

mudmivoba axali energiiT avsebs da amdidrebs nebismieri 

drois, nebismieri Semoqmedis mxatvrul memkvidreobas. 

folklorze dayrdnobiT lado asaTianma gaafarTova 

Tavisi lirikis sazRvrebi, ufro saintereso da axlobeli 

gaxada CvenTvis misi problematika da Sinaarsi. meti siwrfele 

da masStaburoba SesZina mas da amiT kidev ufro STambeWdavi 

da sasiamovnod aRsaqmeli gaxada igi. 

damowmebani: 

asaTiani 1946: asaTiani l. rCeuli. Tb.: 1946. 

virsalaZe 1979: virsalaZe e. qarTuli xalxuri sayofacxovrebo 

poezia. Tb.: 1979. 

qarTuli xalxuri poezia 1979: qarTuli xalxuri poezia. t.VII, Tb.: 

1979. 

147

148 

eduard ugulava 

firosmani lado asaTianis poeziaSi 

firosmani ara marto Tavisi ganumeorebeli SemoqmedebiT, 

aramed uCveulo cxovrebiTac iqcevs sazogadoebis 

yuradRebas, amitom ara erTi xelovani Seecada Taviseburad 

warmoeCina mxatvris pirovneba. Tumca lado asaTianis poeziaSi 

gacocxlebuli nikala ufro axlobelia mkiTxvelisaTvis, 

mis leqsebSi ufro naTlad aris warmoCenili firosmanis 

naWica da xasiaTic, martosulobaca da patiosnebac, Tavmdablobaca 

da guluxvobac. 

`mxatvari pirvelad galaktionma axsena Tavis leqsSi 

`TeTri pelikani~ da sworad misi damsaxurebaa `leqsSi gadarCenili 

firosmanis farSavangebi! iyo kunZuli mtkvarze. 

idga kunZulze restorani. kedlebi restornisa moxata mxatvarma. 

mokvda mxatvari. daingra restorani. gauqmda kunZuli 

da mxolod poetis striqonebSi darCa mxatvris freska _ melodiuri 

metafora: `mieTovos, moeTovos kedlebs farSavangebi~ 

(javaxaZe 1996: 244) 

firosmani lado asaTians eqvs leqsSi yavs moxseniebuli: 

`1938 wlis 14 ivlisi~, àr vici, ase ram Semayvara!~ òTxi usa- 

Tauro~, `me vetrfi Zlier tfilisis havas~, `firosmanis duqani~ 

da `firosmanis megobrebTan.~ bolo ori leqsi piradad 

mxatvars eZRvneba. 

leqsi `firosmanis megobrebTan~ dawerilia besikuri 

(5/4/5) sazomiT da jvaredini (abab) gariTmvis xerxiT, xolo 

_ `firosmanis duqani~ _ simetriuli aTmarcvlediT (5/5), 

ZiriTadad katrenebiT aris Sesrulebuli, gariTmvis sistema 

_ rogorc jvaredini (ternaluri) (abab), aseve intervaliani 

(cdcd), Tumca drodadro am leqsSi gvxvdeba narevi 

strofika da riTma, aris, aseve, Sida riTmebi da Sedgenili 

riTmebi. am leqsis reminiscencia gvxvdeba verlibrSi `1938 

wlis 14 ivlisi~, sadac mxolod erTi konsonansuri riTma 

(grigoli-grigali) aris gamoyenebuli. swored am leqsSi axsena 

poetma firosmani pirvelad Tavis SemoqmedebaSi: igi 

wers, rom Sexvdeboda nika agiaSvilsa da grigol abaSiZes da 

erTad Sevidodnen sardafSi: 

ìq hkidia firosmanis suraTi 

àngelozebi~ 

aviReb sasmiss da davlev ugzo-ukvalo

firosmanis sadRegrZelos... 

grigolica da nikolozic 

asweven sasmisebs, 

mamapapurad Rvinos purze daawveTeben 

da ityvian: _ RmerTma acxonos nikalai!~ 

(`1938 wlis 14 ivlisi~) 

autanel siRaribeSi gardacvlilma mxatvarma Tavisi 

cxovrebis uamravi saidumlo Tan gaiyola, Tumca SemorCa 

mogonebebi sxvadasxva gamoCenili Tu ubralo adamianis mier 

moZiebuli. 

swored am mogonebebiT aris nasazrdoebi lado asaTianis 

leqsebSi gacocxlebuli firosmani, romelTanac poeti sulier 

naTesaobas grZnobs. igi daexeteba im quCebSi, sadac 

nikalas uxdeboda cxovreba: `davdivar im adgilebSi, sadac 

nikalas daudgams fexi~, _ wers igi da, mxatvrisadmi udidesi 

pativiscemiT gamsWvaluli, daeZebs im adamianebs, romlebic 

icnobdnen firosmanaSvils.cdilobs, maTgan gaigos 

jer kidev ucnobi ambebi Rirseul qarTvelze, romelic: 

`mokvda Tu ara, yvelam acxona, 

cocxali arvin ar miikara.~ 

(àr vici, ase ram Semayvara~) 

poeti Seecada leqsebiT mainc eTqva madloba mxatvrisTvis, 

romelmac Tavisi unikaluri niWi da energia saqarTvelos 

uZRvna, xolo samSoblom, samwuxarod, misi saflavic 

ver Semoinaxa; mxolod erTxel miadevna Tvali mxatvris 

sicocxleSi mis Semoqmedebas da qebis gamomxatveli sityvebic 

ar daiSura, magram maleve inana naCqarevi simpaTia `TviTnaswavli~ 

xelovanis mimarT gamovlenili da gazeTis furclebidan 

Seubraleblad dascina kacs, romlis Semoqmedebi- 

Tac ase iwonebs Tavs dRes mTeli saqarTvelo. 

firosmanis pirovnebaze warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad, albaT, 

mxatvris àRmomCenis~ ilia zdaneviCis dRiuric sakmarisi 

iqneboda, romelic nikalas cxovrebis Svid dRes asaxavs 

da misive sicocxleSi Seiqmna: `niko firosmanaSvilis biografiidan 

sul rom araferi SemorCeniliyo, misi, rogorc 

adamianisa da Semoqmedis gasacnobad aRniSnuli dRiuric 

sakmarisi iqneboda (maZRaraSvili 1992: 42). 

lado asaTiani, uTuod, am CanawerebiT ecnoba firosmanis 

cxovrebas. misi leqsebi an mxatvris biografiul cnobebs 

asaxavs, an xasiaTis Taviseburebebs warmogvidgens. udavoa, 

149

am leqsebma xeli Seuwyo, rom nikala ufro axlobeli gamxdariyo 

yvela qarTvelisaTvis. Tavad poeti iseTi siyvaruliT 

moixseniebs mxatvars da imdenad bunebrivad gvawvdis 

mis cxovrebiseul detalebs, TiTqosda, Tanamedroveni 

yofiliyvnen: 

150 

`Zilgatexili da areuli 

Wiqa arayiT gaixsnis madas, 

mere SekrTeba, viT mTvareuli 

da orTaWalis lamazebs xatavs~. 

(àr vici, ase ram Semayvara~) 

lado asaTiani ar saubrobs firosmanis Semoqmedebis 

mniSvnelobaze, igi wers mxatvarze, romelic, gausaZlisi si- 

Raribis miuxedavad, arasodes hkargavda Rirsebis grZnobas, 

amitomac moxiblulia poeti misi cxovrebis wesiTa da zomieri 

siamayiT. 

`me miyvars Seni grili duqani, 

Seni sifaTi da marifaTi. 

Tvalebi, cecxliT ganaSuqari 

da welze vercxlis qamari farTe~ 

(`firosmanis duqani~) 

am strofSi mxatvris portretia Seqmnili, romelic sa- 

Sualebas gvaZlevs, warmovidginoT sruliad axalgazrda, 

Coxa-axaluxiT Semosili firosmani (vercxlis qamari amis 

maCvenebelia). 

`Sua bazarSi duqani gqonda, 

bevri ram gqonda RvTiT boZebuli, 

magram ilaRe, ibedovlaTe, 

gadagibrunda Wkva da goneba, 

gaaniave mTeli dovlaTi, 

qars gaatane mTeli qoneba...~ 


rogorc cnobilia, nikalas sarZeo duqani hqonia veris 

daRmarTze, or weliwads uvaWria, saqme kargad wasvlia. mere 

dimitri aluRiSvilTan gauxsnia duqani ìarmukaSi~. gadis 

cota dro da `dimitri aluRiSvils veraferi gaugia, ra xdeba 

mxatvris aboboqrebul gulSi da xan `tvindasetyvilad~ 

eCveneba, xan `TviTrjulad~ da, roca niko CamoSorda, 

dimitri gakvirvebuli acxadebs: `maSin iyo, rom mxatvrobis

ali moedo~... n. firosmanaSvilma ki duqanic miatova, daaneba 

Tavi vaWrobas da Seudga golgoTas~ (maZRaraSvili 1992: 31). 

ès ramdeni ram dagixatia, 

gamdidrebulxar feris dovlaTiT, 

axla yvelasTvis cxadze-cxadia 

arc vaWari xar, arc bedovlaTi~. 


lado aRtacebulia mxatvris gadawyvetilebiT, romelmac 

daTmo miwieri cxovrebis arafrismomcemi mimzidvelobani 

da darCenili sicocxle Semoqmedebas Seswira. 

sainteresoa leqsi `*** me vetrfi Zlier tfilisis havas~, 

sadac poeti misTvis damaxasiaTebeli niWiTa da ostatobiT 

cdilobs ara marto Tavis grZnobebis gamxelas sayvareli 

qalisadmi, aramed sakuTari sulieri samyaros warmoCenasac. 

igi pirveli striqonebidanve ambobs, Tu sad icxovrebda, romeli 

mxatvari da momRerali moswons, romli poetia misTvis 

saTayvano da rogor leqsi xiblavs. aseve eubneba, rom igi 

qarTuli tradiciebis mimdevaria da afasebs im didi winaprebis 

Rvawls, romlebmac gauTqves saxeli saqarTvelos. 

Tumca, arc sayvareli qalisadmi iSurebs satrfialo sityvebs. 

dabolos, aRiarebs: 

`me Sen miyvarxar da saqarTvelo, 

uTqvenod, aba, ram gamaxaros!~ 

(*** `me vetrfi Zlier tfilisis havas~) 

es leqsi, rogorc, saerTod, lados poezia, sunTqavs 

saqarTvelos siyvaruliT, misi warsuliT, awmyoTi da momavliT. 

avtori cdilobs, Seaxsenos àxali drois qal-vaJebs~, 

rom saqarTvelos siyvarulis gareSe erTmaneTis siyvarulsac 

ar eqneba fasi, xolo qveynis siyvaruli misi istoriis, 

kulturis codnas gulisxmobs: 

`me kargad vici, vina var, ra var, 

saidan movel an saiT waval, _ 

da vetrfi Zlier tfilisis havas, 

niko firosmans da saaTnavas~. 

(`*** me vetrfi Zlier tfilisis havas~) 

leqsSi CamoTvlil Zvirfas saxelTagan yuradRebas mainc 

firosmani ipyrobs, romlis saxelsac oTxjer imeorebs poe- 

151

ti da misdami Tavis gansakuTrebul damokidebulebas amiTac 

gamoxatavs. 

leqsiT _ `firosmanis megobrebTan~ _ lado isev cdilobs, 

mogvawodos biografiuli cnobebi `ferebis mgosnis~ 

Taobaze, rogorc Tavad uwoda man am leqsSi: 

152 

àq, am quCaSi dadioda, rogorc sizmari 

(saqarTvelos cas aq etrfoda misi ocneba), 

Camoxeuli, tanmaRali, marad xizani, 

martoden guli da bajaRlo patiosneba~. 

(`firosmanis megobrebTan~) 

marTlac, rogorc mxatvris Tanamedroveni igoneben, _ 

`misi xelidan sikeTe gamodioda, siave ara~. xolo egnate 

menTeSaSvilis mogonebidan imasac vgebulobT, Tu rogor 

gamoiyureboda mxatvari sicocxlis bolo wlebSi: `niko iyo 

maRal-maRali, WaRaraSereuli, axovani, jansaRi da warmosadegi 

vaJkaci, exura qudi Joke, ecva Savi pijaki, Savi Sarvali 

da aseTive palto. Tavis siRaribeSi sufTa kaci iyo, bolos 

cota moeSva. xma hqonda boxi. Zalian mSvidi da uwyinari kaci 

iyo~ (menTeSaSvili 1922: 3): 

`TviTrjuli iyo, aumRvria sisxli Tbilisma, 

sul marto iyo, marto svamda, marto gaTavda. 

funjis mosmis dros hqonda raRac jado-Tilisma, 

arays dalevda da qveyanas dagixatavda~. 

(`firosmanis megobrebTan~) 

lado Tavad eZebda da esaubreboda firosmanis nacnobebs. 

cdilobda, warmoedgina, Tu rogori unda yofiliyo 

cxovrebaSi did mxatvari. lado asaTianis mier warmosaxuli 

didi mxatvari ufro STambeWdavi aRmoCnda, vidre mxatvris 

megobrebis dokumenturi mogonebebi. Tundac am leqsiT _ 

`firosmanis megobrebTan~ _ poeti mxatvris ramdenime Tanamedroves 

asaubrebs da gvixatavs nikalas garegnobas, Cacmulobas, 

xasiaTis Taviseburebebs: 

`me vusmen yvelas, warmovidgens cxovrebas misas, 

cocxldeba Cem win mkrTali saxe ferebis mgosnis, 

mTvareuliviT davemxobi Tbilisis miwas 

da didi niko firosmanis naterfals vkocni~ 

(`firosmanis megobrebTan~)

lado eZebs msgavsebas Tavis Tavsa da firosmans Soris, 

igi fiqrobs, rom cxovrebis wesiT, SexedulebebiT poeti da 

mxatvari erTmaneTs hgavs. ufro metic, poeti Tavis gardacvalebasac 

iseve warmoidgens, rogorc mxatvari gardaicvala, 

sadRac bnel sardafSi upatronod myofi. 

àmisi qmari sardafSi mokvda, _ 

ase ityvian Senze qalebi~. 

(òTxi usaTauro~) 

poetma icis, rom mxatvari, romelsac mwvane balaxSi gaxveva 

uyvarda, roca sofeli moenatreboda, sikvdilis klan- 

WebSi moqceuli imasve inatrebda, rasac Tavad ocnebobda 

ukurnebeli seniT Sepyrobili: 

ùkanasknelad damawvineT Cems oda saxlSi, 

ukanasknelad, vidre Tvalni damevsebodnen. 

ukanasknelad papaCemis gajorknil taxtze 

damigeT magrad, damaxureT Savi nabadi~. 

(***`vidre sikvdili~) 

ucnobia saflavi didi mxatvrisa, magram lados sjera, 

rom samSoblos erTi saflavi mainc darCeba iseTi kacisa, 

sadac niko firosmanaSvilis Sesandobaris Tqma SeeZlebaT 

momaval Taobebs: 

`gamixseneben, rogorc nikalas 

da Tbil samares daabijeben~. 

(òTxi usaTauro~) 

damowmebani: 

asaTiani 1979: asaTiani l. erTmoeli. Tb.: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa 


maZRaraSvili 1992: maZRaraSvili a. firosmanis garemo. Tb.: 

gamomcemloba `merani~, 1992. 

menTeSaSvili 1922: menTeSaSvili e. firosmani. gaz. `baxtrioni~, 1922. 

javaxaZe 1996: javaxaZe v. ucnobi. Tb.: 1996. 

153

154 

lado asaTianis riTmis evfonia 

Tamila woworia 

termini evfonia ramdenime mniSvnelobiT ixmareba. far- 

To gagebiT, evfonia bgeraTgameorebasa da riTmasTan erTad, 

ritmsac moicavs. „mxatvruli metyvelebis ZiriTadi Tviseba 

aris keTilxmovaneba.yovelgvari metyveleba, gansakuTrebiT 

ki xelovnebis nawarmoebSi, unda iyos warmosaTqmelad 

advili da smenisaTvis sasiamovno~ (sorokini 1960: 98). 

ufro zusti gagebiT, evfonia leqsis mowesrigebas niSnavs, 

saleqso striqonebSi xmovanTa da TanxmovanTa gameorebas. 

riTmis evfonia riTmis bgeriT mxares gulisxmobs. 

evfonia berZnuli terminia, igi antikur xanaSi SemuSavda. 

evfoniis sanacvlod Tanamedrove gamokvlevebSi mkvidrdeba 

termini „fonika“ (berZn. — bgeradi). 

mkvlevrebi miuTiTeben, rom evfonia aracnobieri procesia. 

SemoqmedebiTi Txzvis momentSi poeti uSualod ar zrunavs 

bgeraTa keTilxmovanebaze. „araferi ar aris leqsSi ise 

uSualo da bunebrivi, rogorc aliteracia.poeti leqsis weris 

dros fiqrobs riTmaze, metrze, saxeebze,magram aliteracia 

ki misi fiqris pirdapir sagans ar warmoadgens. aliteracia 

Sedegia poetis Sinagani musikaluri bunebis. poets 

aqvs sityva, Semdeg is, an erTbaSad, an sakmao Ziebis Semdeg, 

miagnebs mis Sesafer meore sityvas, romelic Turme imitom 

aris Sesaferisi, rom azris garda, kidev Tavisi mniSvnelovani 

bgeriT eTanxmeba mas“ (WiWinaZe 1979: 53). 

SemoqmedebiT procesSi xSirad azrs ki ar mohyavs sityva, 

aramed zogjer msgavsi bgerebis mqone sityvaTa Sexameba 

axal azrs iwvevs, albaT, amitomac xdeba, rom zogjer leqsSi 

musikaluri aqcenti ufro Zlieria, vidre azrobrivi harmonia, 

magram arsebobs sityvis bgeriTi wvdomis Tandayolili, 

wminda poeturi instinqti, bgeriTi asociaciebis raRac meqanizmi, 

romelic azrobrivad gansxvavebul, magram mJRer 

sityvebs erTmaneTisken izidavs. poeziis istoriam icis futuristebis 

TviTmiznuri swrafva leqsis bgeriTi mowesrigebisaken, 

bgeraTa SerCeva mxolod `sityvaTa magiis“ da „orkestrulobis“principiT, 

roca aliteracia—asonansebi xelovnurad 

iyo mofiqrebuli. aseT leqsebs xSirad saerTo 

araferi hqondaT maRal poeziasTan da pragmatuli eqsperimentis 

nimuSad darCnen. WeSmaritad musikaluri poetis ev-

fonia igiveobrivi da msgavsi bgerebis rTul harmonias emyareba. 

musika ismis, instrumenti ki TvalTagan dafarulia. 

radgan evfonia keTilmovanebas niSnavs, amitom is, zogadad, 

yvela im elementTan aris dakavSirebuli, rac keTilxmovanebas 

uwyobs xels: riTmasTan, ritmTan. magram arsebi- 

Tad evfonia, bgeriTi movlenaa (fonika). mas riTmaSi bgeriTi 

mowesrigebis funqcia akisria, radgan riTma erTi da igive an 

msgavsi bgeraTkompleqsebis gameorebaa, amis mixedviT riTmebi 

ZiriTadad or kategoriad iyofa: zusti da arazusti. 

riTmis sizustis ganmsazRvrelia urTierTSeTanxmebul marcvalTa 

identuroba xmovnidan mokidebuli marjvniT. arazust 

riTmaSi urTierTSeTanxmebuli marcvlebi identuri 

ar aris. arazusti riTmis saxeebia: asonansi, konsonansi da 

disonansi. 

asonansi—riTmaSi xmovanTa igiveoba da calkeul TanxmovanTa 

gansxvavebulobaa. igi imdenad gansxvavdeba zusti 

riTmisagan, rom valerian gafrindaSvilma 1922 wels daweril 

erT—erT werils „riTma da asonansi“ uwoda. asonansi 

riTmis saxeobaa, magram igi poetma damoukideblad ganixila 

da riTmas daupirispira. 

avtori wers: „poeziaSi SemoiWra asonansi moulodneli 

da ucxo stumari — avzniani da Cqari, apokalifsis CvenebasaviT 

gaugebari.“ val. gafrindaSvilis xatovani TqmiT, „ asonansi 

aris ConCxiani riTma, maRali, dazianebuli xerxemliT, 

romelic donkixoturi giJi TvalebiT dahyurebs samyaros. 

zogi asonansi maRalicaa, rogorc koSki,rogorc sulamiTis 

an gedis kiseri. qarTuli asonansi ar aris gabeduli da ufro 

kanonier riTmas hgavs (tansafaravi—aravin).“ 

val. gafrindaSvilis azriT, „riTma statikuria,asonansi 

dinamiuri, aris naTeli da bneli riTmebi, aris riTma aivani 

da riTma eSafoti.“ avtori ase amTavrebs statias: „riTmas 

hqonda Tavisi oqros xana,axl iwyeba riTmis Semodgoma da 

roca damTavrdeba riTmis gaxrwnis procesi, maSin Cven vityviT, 

„riTma mokvda...“ jer qarTuli riTma jansaRia da mziT 

aris ganaTebuli. mis win didi gzaa da didi perspeqtivebi“ 

(gafrindaSvili 1990: 507—508). 

asonansi damaxasiaTebelia xalxuri leqsisaTvis, romel- 

Sic riTma zepiri gziT iqmneba da smeniT aRiqmeba. werilis 

mixedviT poets asonansi farTo gagebiT esmis. igi arazusti 

riTmis sinonimad miaCnia, amis dasturia asonansis nimuSad 

motanili haeri — sxvanairi, romelic faqtiurad konsonansia. 

155

konsonansi asonansis sapirispiroa. sariTmo calebSi 

xmovania gansxvavebuli (sakabe—kakabi). konsonansi me— 20 saukunemde 

TiTo—orola nimuSis saxiT gvxvdeboda. konsonansuria 

„saukunis riTmad“ wodebuli „silaSi vardi— silaJvarde“. 

disonansi arazusti riTmis ukiduresi saxea, magram igi 

ar aris absoluturi SeuTanxmebloba. disonansur riTmaSi 

arsebobs sayrdeni bgerebi, romlebic erTmaneTs eTanxmeba, 

magram es Tanxmoba Zalze SezRudulia: bejiTi—nabiji, gamovarTviT—orTaveni 

da a. S. disonansi ucxo iyo Zveli da me—19 

saukunis poeziisaTvis. Tanamedrove riTmaSi ki disonansi 

xSirad gvxvdeba, es imiT aixsneba, rom igi uzustobisaken 

midis. 

istoriul aspeqtSi qarTuli riTma (xalxuri) arazusti, 

miaxloebiTi iyo. rogorc vTqviT, xalxuri poezia smeniT 

aRiqmeba da umniSvnelo gansxvavebani SeTanxmebul bgeraTa 

Soris riTmis arsebobas xels ar uSlida. Semdeg da Semdeg 

qarTuli mwignobruli riTma zusti gaxda, am sizustem 

apogeas besikis leqsebSi miaRwia. 

me—19 saukunis qarTveli romantikosebi riTmis evfoniaze 

yuradRebas aRar amaxvileben. xSirad sakmarisad miiCneven 

ramdenimemarcvlian sariTmo sityvebSi mxolod bolo 

marcvlis gariTmvas. akakisa da vaJas leqsebSi, xalxuri riTmidan 

gamomdinare, riTma ufro mdidruli, musikaluri da 

ZiriTadad zusti gaxda. erTi SexedviT, arc akaki zrunavs 

sagangebod leqsis keTilxmovanebaze, msgavsi bgerebi Tavis- 

Tavad modian, meordebian Tanxmovnebi da xmovnebi, iqmneba 

bgeraTa harmonia, TiTqos igi akakis leqsis Tandayolili 

Tviseba iyo. 

riTmis gamdidreba—ganaxleba me—20 saukunis dasawisSi 

qarTuli leqsis reformasTan aris dakavSirebuli. sxva novaciebTan 

erTad qarTulma leqsma SeiZina manamde ucnobi, 

originaluri JReradoba. fonikis sferoSi mravali SesaZleblobebi 

moisinja, farTo gasaqani mieca eqsperiments. 

ganaxlda riTma, daixvewa leqsis bgeriTi forma. manamde gaugonari 

konsonansebiTa da disonansebiT gamdidrda qarTuli 

leqsi. 

lado asaTiani riTmis saukuneSi iwyebs poetur moRvaweobas 

da klasikuri riTmis poetad yalibdeba. is erT leqsSi 

wers: „riTma lamazi oqros fasia~, `poeti sagangebod zrunavs 

riTmis keTilxmovanebisTvis. esTetikuri riTmis Zieba- 

Si poeti sagangebo uxerxulobasac qmnis. leqsSi „albomidan“ 

aseTi strofia: 

156

a damaviwiyebs Sens lamaz Tvalebs, 

ram damaviwyos es a l u b l e b i 


am siyvarulze v e s a u b r e b i. 

am strofis semantikis gamo SeniSnes poets, magram riTmis 

xiblis gamo xeluxlebeli datova es alublebi — vesaubrebi 

(xinTibiZe 2009: 286 ). 

lados 114 leqssa da or poemaSi riTmis 17 kombinacia 

gvxvdeba. 71 leqsi da poema jvaredini riTmiT aris gawyobili,SedarebiT 

iSviaTi wyviladi riTma xSiria lados poezia- 

Si. am riTmebis monacvleoba klasikur evfoniad ayalibebs 

„bardnalas“. igi 19 strofisagan Sedgeba, romelTagan 12 

katrenia da 7 ortaepedi. riTmis semantikasa da keTilxmovanebasTan 

erTad am leqss strofuli simetriac axasiaTebs. 

lado asaTianis leqsebis keTilxmovanebas ganapirobebs 

SidariTmebis simravle. gvxvdeba cezuruli, winacezuruli, 

kiburi da SidariTmebi. 

evfoniuri SidariTma aspinZis — gavumaspinZldiT („aspin- 

Za“) saerTos poulobs besikis aliterirebul striqonebTan 

„aspinZis miwa giwamebs“ („aspinZis omzed“). 

lado asaTianis riTmis musikalobas misi mravalmarcvlianobac 

uwyobs xels. „salaRoboSi“ TiTqmis yvela riTma 

oTxmarcvliania: Sadiani—dardiani, maCabeli—asafreni, Sai- 

TanTan—daiSanTa da sxv. 

dauviwyaria lados xuTmarcvliani riTmebi: akelaptreba 

— da menatrebi („abasTumani“), amorZalebi—da mokrZalebiT 

(„ivane javaxiSvilisadmi“). 

lados poezia Sedgenili (or da samwevriani) riTmis 

simravliTac gamoirCeva: romaelebi—rom moerevi („rogor 

ar minda“) uiaraRod—guli ar maqvso („a. v.“). misi leqsebi, 

uwinares yovlisa, mravalmarcvliani da Sedgenili riTmebiT 

icnoba. 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom riTmis parametrebidan, saerTod, 

da lados leqsis mixedviTac, mTavari evfoniaa. marTalia, 

lado asaTianis poezia unikaluria gariTmvis xerxebis mravalmxrivobiTa 

(17 aRwevs) da leqsikur—semantikuri TvalsazrisiTac, 

magram riTma, xom upirvelesad, JReradobaa, 

harmoniaa da lado asaTianis musikaluri leqsi, ZiriTadad, 

riTmis sasiamovno JReradobazea agebuli. 

lado asaTianis musikaluri riTma ar iyo mxolod poetis 

musikaluri smenis gaucnobierebeli gamovlena, poeti sagan- 

157

gebod zrunavda masze. es poetis musikaluri naturis Sinagani 

moTxovnileba iyo, riTac gaamdidra ara marto qarTuli 

leqsis riTma, aramed leqsmac musikaluri datvirTva miiRo. 

damowmebaniL: 

gafrindaSvili 1990: gafrindaSvili v. leqsebi, poemebi, Targmanebi, 

esseebi, werilebi mwerlis arqividan. Tb.: gamomcemloba `merani~, 2009. 

sorokini 1960: sorokini v. i. „literaturis Teoria“. 1960. 

WiWinaZe 1979: WiWinaZe k. „aliteracia qarTul SairSi“. Tb.: gamomcemloba 


xinTibiZe 2009: xinTibiZe ak. qarTuli leqsis istoria da Teoria. Tsu 

gamomcemloba, 2009. 

158

naira cxvediani 

lado asaTianis Sexeduleba enisa da stilis 

sakiTxebze 

mimoixilavda ra mwerlis enisa da stilis Seswavlis me- 

Todebs, akademikosi varlam Tofuria miuTiTebda, rom unda 

moxdes `mwerlis Sexedulebebis gacnoba literaturul enaze, 

romelic man gamoimuSava da saxelmZRvanelod gaixada, 

rom gairkves, Tu ramdenad SeZlo avtorma ganexorcielebina 

Tavisi Tvalsazrisi sakuTar SemoqmedebaSi~ (Tofuria 

1956:165). 

Tavisi xanmokle Semoqmedebis periodSi lado asaTians 

ar Seuqmnia raime Teoriuli xasiaTis naSromi, romelSic 

Camoyalibebuli iqneboda misi Sexedulebani enisa da stilis 

sakiTxebze. vin icis, iqneb samomavlod gegmavda kidec, Tavisi 

saTqmeli am sakiTxze iseve mwyobrad da xatovnad eTqva, 

rogorc es mis ukanasknel leqs `qarTul enaSia~. 

erTgvarad simboluria, rom am leqsiT ixureba Wabuki 

poetis mRelvare da boboqari Semoqmedeba, leqsiT, romelic 

erTdroulad Jruantelis momgvreli sagalobelicaa qar- 

Tuli enisa da sevdiani reqviemic, romliTac poeti eTxoveba 

im umSvenieres qarTul sityvas, romelmac, martoden erTma, 

SeZlo misi sulis gmiruli kvnesa gaeziarebina. 

mxolod lado asaTianis leqsebSi gabneuli azrebiT, 

CanawerebiTa da piradi werilebiT SegviZlia gavigoT, Tu 

ras fiqrobda Wabuki poeti `xmaTa xaverdebisa da RmerTebis 

enis~ Sesaxeb. 

samarTlianad aRniSnavs profesori z. WumburiZe, rom 

`mwerlis individualuri enisa da stilis SeswavlisaTvis 

mniSvnelovania TviTon mwerlis Sexedulebani enis rogorc 

zogadTeoriul, ise konkretul sakiTxebze. es Sexedulebebi 

zogjer sagangebo werilebSia gamoTqmuli, zogjer mxatvrul 

nawarmoebeSive aris Caqsovili~ (WumburiZe 1962: 20). 

lado asaTianis SemoqmedebaSi qarTuli ena, qarTuli 

sityva poeziasTan, leqsTanaa gaigivebuli. es bunebrivicaa 

im kacisaTvis, romelic poeturi sityviT azrovnebda, romlisTvisac 

qarTuli ena TviTdamkvidrebis, TviTgamoxatvis, 

sulieri xsnis erTaderTi saSualeba iyo. 

qarTuli sityva mis SemoqmedebaSi araTu poeziasTan, 

aramed saqarTvelosTanacaa gaigivebuli. poetTan es erTi 

159

mTlianobis ori mxarea _ urTierTgadajaWvuli da SenivTebuli. 

amgvari SexedulebiT l. asaTiani didi ilias Tezisis 

_ `mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba~ _ memkvidrea, ena da mamuli 

misTvis ganuyofeli cnebebia, xolo sarwmunoeba gasagebi 

mizezebis gamo striqonebs miRmaa darCenili. 

saqarTvelo da qarTuli ena poetisaTvis umaRlesi kategoriebia. 

TviTon ki maTi erTi rigiTi mowamis roliTac 

kmayofildeba: 

160 

`rom siyvaruliT da unazes ZmobiT garTuli 

ukvdavebisTvis vamayobde msxverplis mitaniT, 

ar daviviwyo saqarTvelo, sityva qarTuli 

da Sevewiro poezias, rogorc wmindani~. 

(asaTiani 1979: 47). 

l. asaTianisaTvis qarTuli sityva organul kavSirSia yovelive 

qarTulTan _ oxSivaravardnil miwasTan, dilis nam- 

Tan, simindis ulvaSis maTrobela sunTan. `cvriani sityva~ 

itevs ara mxolod qarTul sulierebas, aramed mis materialur 

arssac. sityvaSi, rogorc umaRles simboloSi, daleqilia 

eris ganviTarebis yvela safexuri. 

`Tu es igrZeni, cxovrebis bolos 

cvriani sityva ar gageyreba~. 


_ wers poeti da amiT xsnis Tavis maradiul damSevas, romlis 

erTaderTi sazrdoc qarTuli sityvaa: 

`me qalis Tmebis surnelis msgavsad 

vetrfi moxnuli miwis oxSivars, 

amiCqardeba sisxli veluri 

da vaJkacuri leqsi momSiva~. 


l. asaTianTan qarTuli sityva gaiazreba rogorc ori 

sawyisis, ori bunebis matarebeli, romelic erTdroulad ikvebeba 

yovelive qarTuliT da romelic imavdroulad kvebavs 

yovelive qarTuls. 

poetis sayvareli gamoTqma ènamziani~ Tavis arsSi itevs 

im RvTaebriv Zalas, romelic enis bunebaSi Zevs da misi wia- 

Ridan asxivebs. lado asaTianTan ènamzianoba~ araa mxolod 

romelime gamorCeuli individis kuTvnileba, igi mTeli eris

Tvisebaa, misi erovnuli niSania. roca poeti wers: `xalxia 

enamziani, gmiri da ara mkvexara~, aq is Tavisi xalxis mier 

enis swored amgvar flobaze migvaniSnebs. sxva leqsSi ènamzianoba~ 

ukve uSualod am eris erT-erT wevrs, poetis babuas, 

ukavSirdeba: 

ènamziani da zamTris gulSi 

tkbili qarTuliT molaparake~. 

tkbilqarTuloba, romelic rusTvelidan, akakidan, iliadan, 

vaJa-fSaveladan modis (`tkbilia, rogorc rusTveli, 

tkbilia, rogorc akaki...~), lado asaTianis SemoqmedebaSi 

saerTo xalxuri, erovnuli niSan-Tvisebaa, misi `mTvlemare~ 

bunebaa, romelsac erTdroulad àRviZeben~ ara marto sityvis 

Semoqmedni, aramed misi SesaZleblobebi mJRavndeba Cveulebriv 

sasaubro metyvelebaSi, romlidanac woven enis Zu- 

Zus didostatebi. 

`poeti leqsis striqonebs ebrZvis~, _ wers lado asaTiani 

da am striqonebidan naTlad Cans, rom poeti misTvis sityvasTan 

mebrZoli kacia, romelic sakuTar enobriv samyaros 

qmnis. TiToeuli es enobrivi nakaduli ki erTdroulad gamoedineba 

da Seedineba marad wyaluxv dedamdinares. 

es maradiuli gamodineba-Sedineba kvebavs, amdidrebs 

enas, uaxlebs mas sisxls, matebs energias, ar aZlevs saSualebas, 

Caiketos mkacr marwuxebSi, Cakvdes sakuTarsave saSoSi. 

enas aqvs unari `striqonebad daqsovos~ adamianuri gancdebi 

da aiyvanos is gancdaTa ufro maRal xarisxSi. swored 

poeturi sityvis es gamorCeuli Tviseba _ esTetikuri Zala 

_ lado asaTianTan erTgvari poeturi kaTarzisis safuZvelia. 

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, l. asaTianTan sityva poeziasTanaa 

gaigivebuli, swored sityvis Zalmosileba iqceva mis 

SemoqmedebaSi pirovnuli Tavisuflebis, sulieri xsnis, ganwmendis 

wyarod. 

leqsSi _ `vaJa-fSavelas naambobi~ _ poeti eswrafvis 

yvela adamianuri gancda, survili, siamovneba, tkivili, siyvaruli, 

TviT cxovrebac ki sityvaSi CaWedos, sityvad gadaaqcios, 

sityvieri qsoviliT Semosos, is mieltvis sityvas, 

rogorc zemaradiul arss, yovlisdamtev da yovlismomcvel 

fenomens. mxolod sityvadqceuli xdeba masTan idealuri da 

srulyofili, naTliTmosili da uZleveli. am dauokebeli 

swrafviT sityvieri srlyofilebisaken lado asaTiani erTg- 

161

varad enis gagebis im Teologiur arsTan dgas, romlis mixedviTac 

`pirvelTagan iyo sityuai~. 

162 

`leqsma ki Sekra Wriloba civi 

da gaanaTa Cemi kacoba 

da Cemi gulis yovelgvar tkivils 

mxolod da mxolod leqsma ajoba. 

verc dedis xelma, verc satrfos eSxma 

ver gamiyuCa Wabuks iara, 

da Cemi gulis gmiruli kvnesa 

martoden leqsma gaiziara~. 

poetisaTvis sityva ara marto tkivilisagan Tavdaxsnis 

saSualebaa, aramed Tavadac tkivilia. Tumc sityvadqceuli 

tkivili imdenad amaRlebuli da ganwmendilia, rom siamovnebad 

aris qceuli. emociuri, fsiqologiuri buneba am siamovnebisa 

araa mTlad naTeli, magram masSi Zevs is `raRac~, 

romelic yvelaferze Zlieria da romlis ZaliTac TviT 

sikvdilis daTrgunvac SeiZleba. amitom wers poeti: 

`mjera, rom diad bunebis karTan 

me TviT sikvdilsac gardavqmni leqsad~. 

l. asaTianis Sexedulebebi qarTuli enis Sesaxeb yvelaze 

srulyofilad mainc mis leqsSi _ ,,qarTuli ena~ _ aris 

gadmocemuli, esaa poetur saxeebad moqsovili sagalobeli 

qarTuli enisa, rogorc umaRlesi srulyofilebisa, rogorc 

yovlismomcveli mTlianobisa. am leqsSi gaismis sityvaSi 

momwyvdeuli uZvelesi xalxis nervis feTqva, preistoriuli 

CanCqerebis Cqafani, aw ukve enis musikad qceuli: 

`saqarTvelos mTebSi gagaCina zenam, 

siyvarulis, leqsis, sadRegrZelos enav! 

moimRera dRemdis uZvelesma tomma 

Slegi CanCqerebis napralebze xltoma, 

myinvarebis RvTiur brwyinvalebiT dnoba, 

jagnarebSi irmis jogis navardoba, 

gafantuli faris mTaze dajanReba 

da qarTuli faris farze dajaxeba! 

uZvelesma tomma dRemdis moimRera, 

mwife puris yana qarSi rogor Relavs, 

sarkineTSi grdemlze rogor scemen uros 

da varskvlavi zRvebze rogor mogzaurobs, 

an mTvarian RamiT cixe-koSkis CrdilSi

a tkbilia farul siyvarulis SiSi, 

roca RamismTevlebs lxini gaumarTavT 

da sizmrebi roca Tvlemen sasTumalTan... 

saqarTvelos mTebSi gagaCina zenam, 

xmaTa xaverdebis da RmerTebis enav!~ 

poetis am leqsis saTqmeli naTelia _ qarTuli eniT 

gamoiTqmis yvelaferi, rac bunebaSi xdeba, rac grZnobebiT 

ganicdeba, rac adamianis sulSi mimoiqceva, rac TviT irealur, 

sizmriseul samyaroSi moiazreba. am leqsSi Cans uZvelesi 

eris udidesi sulieri da materialuri kulturis sityvad 

qcevis, sityvaSi gardasaxvis sidiade, da bunebrivia, rom 

am leqsSi Cans anarekli sagalobelSi `qeba¡ da dideba¡ qar- 

Tulisa enisa¡~ gacxadebuli azrisa, rom qarTuli ena Rmer- 

Tebis enaa da rom `damarxul ars enaÁ qarTuli dRemde meored 

mosvlisa mesiisa sawameblad, raTa yovelsa enasa RmerTman 

amxilos amiT eniTa~ (qarTuli mwerloba 1987: 47). 

Tu rogor muSaobda poeti sityvaze, kargad Cans misi 

Targmanidan `lodoris CanCqeri~. robert souTis am leqsis 

TargmaniT lado asaTiani, rogorc nika agiaSvili igonebs, 

imitom dainteresebula, rom moeZebna im sinonimur sityvaTa 

mTeli krebuli, romelic leqsis dedanSia. ladoseul Targmans 

aseTi saxe aqvs: 

`viT erTvian wylebi lodors? 

CxrialiT, 

grialiT, 

mCqefared, 

mRelvared, 

guguniT, 

RuRuniT, 

quxiliT, 

duRiliT, 

TqrialiT, 

trialiT, 

CqafaniT, 

dgafaniT, 

cqvitad, RrialiT, 

ficxlad, rialiT, 

rixiT da mquxared, 

xmauriT, mWeqared, 

RmuiliT, qafqafiT, ruxruxiT, 

xtunviT da kuntruSiT, buxbuxiT, 

brdRvinva da qoTqoTiT, qaqaniT, 

alersiT, rixiT da graganiT, 

163

164 

drtvinviT da kiskisiT, duduniT, 

butbutiT, kamkamiT, buzRuniT, 

mkvircxlad da cqrialiT, xtoma da CqerebiT, 

ferTacvliT, qrolebiT, Smagad da ZgerebiT, 

tortmaniT, gruxuniT, zaTqiT da dgandgariT, 

CuxCuxiT, TamaSiT, msxvreviT da TqanTqariT, 

fofiniT, xuiliT, kaSkaSiT, JRaruniT, 

qSeniT da SrialiT, lawaniT, wkaruniT, 

qrialiT, wrialiT, livliviT, SrialiT, 

SextomiT, SefreniT, urCad da xrialiT, 

SfoTiT da gniasiT, klakvniT da gorebiT, 

JrJoliT da kankaliT, rukrukiT, qrolebiT...” 

amgvari dakvirveba lado asaTianis poeziaze warmodgenas 

gviqmnis, Tu ra Sexedulebisa iyo poeti qarTul enaze, ra ma- 

Ral daniSnulebas aniWebda sityvis Zalmosilebas da Tavisi 

SemoqmedebiT rogor exmaureboda Tavissave Sexedulebebs. 

enisa da stilis sakiTxebze poetis SexedulebaTa gasarkvevad 

aranakleb sainteresoa is Canawerebi da piradi werilebi, 

romlebic mkiTxvelTaTvis aris xelmisawvdomi. 

aniWebda ra sityvis Zalas udides mniSvnelobas, l. asaTiani 

werda: `saxarebas qarTuli sityvisTvis ufro vkiTxulob~. 

saintereso amonawerebi gaukeTebia `grigol xanZTelis 

cxovrebidan~: `dRes mTeli dRe vikiTxe grigol xanZTelis 

cxovreba. amoviwere: 

`tkbilni arian sasasa Cemsa sityvani Senni ufrois Taflisa 

pirsa Cemsa~; 

`mi-rai-vides iSxans~; 

`da mi-rai-iwia palatad~; 

`qroda xorSaki~; 

ùqristo~; 

`mkvidroba uoxWno~; 

`srulman siyvarulman gandevnos SiSi~; 

`brZnadmetyuelebai vercxli ars wminda, xolo dumili 

_ oqro rCeuli~; 

`sulelni sibrZnes metyueleben, xolo brZenT qmnes 

dumili~; 

`naklulovnebai Cemi ar mflobs dumilad~; 

àrasodes gasmia nacili sityvisa pirisagan Cemisa~. 

am amonawerSi kargad Cans poetis gansakuTrebuli 

daintereseba Zveli qarTuli enis surnelebiT. 

l. asaTians saguldagulod Cauweria leo qiaCelisagan 

gagonili Semdegi sityvebi: gulidan amoimxro; sibrZnis

mCxrekeli; TvalebSi frCxili amouvida; kalmis Caxmaxi, tye- 

Si gavardnili (asaTiani 1979: 262). 

am Canaweridan Cans poetis interesi xatovani sityva- 

Tqmebisadmi, aseve Cans, didad ainteresebda dialeqturi 

metyveleba. erTgan wers: `cudi sityvebia? _ minagvari, nayvareba, 

nadrala, naWamara da a.S.~ 

aris aseTi Canaweric: `visramianis~ tkbilqarTulis mosmena 

da `qilila da damanas~ kiTxva nu momeSalos kubos karamde~ 

(asaTiani 1979:270). 

aseve, `rusTavelze arafers vambob, misi leqsebi ise unda 

ikiTxo yovel dila-saRamos, rogorc dilisa da saRamos Jams 

kiTxulobdnen berebi locvas da sZlispirebiviT unda 

iRiRino jadosnuri striqonebi. 

yoveli qarTveli poeti ise unda ivsebdes pirsa da gonebas 

SoTas SairebiT, rogorc demosTene ivsebda pirs kenWebiT, 

enabrgvilobis dasaZlevad!~ (asaTiani 1979: 260-261). 

sainteresoa poetis dakvirveba poeturi enisa musikalobaze. 

erTgan dauweria: 

`qveynad veZebdi samoTxes, samxreTisaken edemsa, 

evfratis gaRma gavxede gadaxrukulsa qedebsa,~ _ 

ès sami ga-ga-ga da eqvsi sa-sa-sa-sa-sa-sa _ rusTvelisad 

JRers striqonebSi: kai ostati iyo swored Cveni moxuci 

rafieli~ (asaTiani 1979: 290). 

rogorc Canawerebidan Cans, lado did mniSvnelobas ani- 

Webda sityvis JReradobas. `kargi sityvebia: lajanuri, labe- 

Wina, lexindrisTavi, leSkaSi, laRumela, lexidari, lailaSi, 

larCvali, lajana, lasxana, laxefa, lasuriaSi _ mTeli 

leCxumi.~ 

yvela, vinc lado asaTianis Semoqmedebas icnobs, SeamCnevda, 

rom poetis stili sadaa. mas ar uyvars CaxlarTuli 

winadadebebiT azris gadmocema, fuWsityvaoba, amitom ar 

moswonda sxvaTa Sekowiwebuli, xelovnuri sityvaTwyoba. mis 

CanawerebSi amis sailustraciod motanilia erTi aseTi nimu- 

Si: `Cveni SesaniSnavi poetis am RirsSesaniSnavi krebulis gamocema, 

rogorc amas Cveni aranakleb mniSvnelovani kritika 

aRniSnavs, niSnavs im gansakuTrebulisa da axlis aRniSvnas 

Cveni mwerlobis SesaniSnav saganZurSi da, rac bunebrivad 

aRsaniSnavia, dakavSirebulia Cveni SesaniSnavi samSoblos 

umniSvnelovanes saxelTan (erTi kritikosis stili da ena)~ 

(asaTiani 1979: 268). Tu am Canawers lado asaTiani araviTar 

165

komentars ar urTavs, samagierod, misi Tvalsazrisi mkafiod 

aris gamokveTili pirad werilSi, romelic ZmisTvis miuweria 

1939 wels: `Zveli qarTuli mwerloba iswavle, is sjobia 

yvelafers... Tu Zma xar, sityvebis korianteli, gatylarWuli 

stili da aTasnairi ucxouri ambebi nu gagitacebs, mag 

yvelaferi sisulelea; Cveulebrivi adamianuri eniT dawerili 

(ilia, vaJa, akaki) waikiTxe da iyavi Cveulebrivad ubralo~ 

(asaTiani 1979: 306). 

aseTi iyo TviTon lado asaTiani Tavis SemoqmedebaSi _ 

`Cveulebrivad ubralo~ da didi. 

axasiaTebs ra lado asaTians, mis gamorCeul xmas, sityvis 

flobas, Tematikas, murman lebaniZe wers: `mWvirvali da uxvad 

mziT gajerebuli, igi wyarosTvals gavs, fskerze rom 

kenWi daeTvleba, swored amitom, _ metismeti sinaTlisa da 

ubraloebamde misuli sisadavis gamo, vaiTu vinmes, poeziis 

saidumloSi Cauxedavs, lado asaTianis leqsi Cveulebrivad 

kargi ram egonos da ara is ganumeorebeli mSveniereba, romlis 

Seqmna erTeulebis xvedria da romlis tolfardi, saukunis 

grZel gzaze TiTebze CamosaTvleli Tua Seqmnili qar- 

Tul poeziaSi~ (asaTiani 1986: 6). 

l. asaTianis Sexedulebani qarTuli enisa da stilis sakiTxebze 

da misi Semoqmedeba erTi mTlianobaa _ ganuyofeli 

da daunawevrebeli. Tumc bedkrulma epoqam, romelSic 

moRvaweoba uxdeboda, zogjer aiZula xarki moexada Tavisi 

droisaTvis, es erTgvarad daetyo kidec am leqsebis enobriv 

qsovils. magram es gadaxrani misi mcire memkvidreobisTvisac 

ki umniSvneloa. 

qarTuli poeziisaTvis lado asaTiani erTia _ xmazavTiani 

da mRelvare. misi leqsis ritmi dinamikuria, sityva _ 

cecxlovani, striqoni _ `saakaZis xmaliviT basri~. 

damowmebani: 

asaTiani 1986: asaTiani l. rCeuli. Tb.: 1986. 


saqarTvelo”, 1979. 

Tofuria 1956: Tofuria v. mSobliuri enis swavlebis sakiTxebi 

saSualo skolaSi, krb. 9, pedagogikis samecn. kvl. inst., 1956. 

qarTuli mwerloba 1987: qarTuli mwerloba. t.1. Tb.: 1987. 

WumburiZe 1962: WumburiZe z. saliteraturo ena da mwerloba. Tb.i: 

gamomcemloba `sabWoTa mwerali”, 1962. 

166

lado asaTianis erTi Targmanis Sesaxeb 

marika jiqia 

leqsikaSi sistemuri mimarTebebis gamovlena da semantikuri 

velebis kvleva sxvadasxva meTodiT xdeba. erT-erTia 

distribuciuli meTodi, rac gulisxmobs im konteqstebis 

gaTvaliswinebas, romelSic gvxvdeba obieqti-sityva. erTnairi 

distribuciis sityvebi erTiandebian erT semantikur 

velSi (an mikrovelSi) da sakvlevi rCeba sistemis saxiT mocemuli 

erTeulebis urTierTkavSiri da urTierTganpirobebuloba. 

substituciiTa da transformaciuli analiziT gavrcobili 

da Sevsebuli erT romelime semantikur velSi gaerTianebuli 

sityvebi, romlebic saerTo cnebis aRmniSvnelia, 

sinonimur rigebs qmnian. romelime sityva garkveuli 

niSnebiT miemarTeba msgavsi mniSvnelobis meore sityvas, xolo 

sxva garemocvaSi masve aqvs saerTo mniSvneloba raRac 

mesame sityvasTan, romelic, Tavis mxriv, parcialuri mniSvnelobiT 

pirvel sityvas ebmis. semantikuri mimarTebebis 

kvalobaze erTiandebian erTmaneTTan met-naklebad axlo 

mdgomi sityvebi. semantikuri sistema statikuri ar aris da 

icvleba: sityvebs Soris wydeba kavSiri, ikargeba saerTo 

mniSvneloba, zogjer ki axali saerTo mniSvnelobis bmulebi 

Cndeba. 

lado asaTianis leqsebis kiTxvisas onomatopeuri sityvebis 

siuxviT gamoirCa robert sauTis leqsis `lodoris 

CanCqeris~ Targmani. SevecdebiT, warmovaCinoT lado asaTianis 

didi xelovaneba sityvaTa erTi semantikuri jgufis, 

kerZod ki, wylis vardnasTan dakavSirebuli verbalobis aRwerisas. 

gasaocaria, rogor `danavardobs~ poeti CanCqeris 

dinamikis Sesatyvis qarTuli leqsikuri masalis farglebSi. 

magram jer leqsis avtorze... 

jorj baironis Tanamedrove ingliseli poeti robert 

sauTi (Robert Southey) (1774—1843 ww.) mravali poeturi krebulis 

avtoria. igi e.w. `tbis skolis~ (The Lake School of Poets) 

warmomadgeneli iyo. inglisel romantikos poetTa es dajgufeba 

XVIII saukunis dasasruls daarsda, XIX saukunis 20-ian 

wlebamde iarseba da aerTianebda s. kolrijs, u. uordsourTs 

da r. sauTis. maT `leikistebsac~ uwodebdnen, radgan 

erT xans Crdilo-dasavleT inglisSi tbebiT mdidar kamberlendis 

(kambriis) mxareSi cxovrobdnen, ganadidebdnen rain- 

167

dul Sua saukuneebs da patriarqalur yofas. robert sauTis 

kalams ekuTvnis poemebi, dramebi, piesebi da sxv. man ganicada 

erTgvari evolucia meamboxuri demokratiuli ganwyobilebidan 

mistikisa da religiuri morCilebisaken. robert sauTis 

leqsi eZRvneba lodoris CanCqers. es aris londonidan 

Crdilo-dasavleTiT 400 kilometriT daSorebuli 28 metris 

simaRlis wyalvardnili. 

`romeli poetis leqsic ar unda aiRo, yvela erTnairi 

rodia. magram is, rac bevrs dauweria, SeuTxzavs da mas axali 

sityva hgonia, manamde ukve vinmes uTqvams. aseTi Tu ara, amis 

msgavsi mainc. am SemTxvevaSi didi da patara niWi erTia. roca 

CemTvis ucnobi poetis wigns gadavSli, veZeb raime axals, 

jer arTqmuls, magram aqamdis ver vipove iseTi ram, rac 

sxvasTan ase Tu ise ar wamikiTxavs. ai, es ki aucileblad minda 

iyos qarTulad. arcerT Cemgan wakiTxul leqss ara 

hgavs...~ 

ase elaparakeboda lado asaTiani alioSa sajaias `Cveni 

Taobis” redaqciaSi da gadaeSala Jurnali `Звезда~ (da ara 

`Интернациональная литература~, rogorc es memuarists aqvs mi- 

TiTebuli), sadac zemoT naxsenebi leqsi dabeWdili iyo rubrikiT: 

axali Targmanebi. 

aseTi ram ratom ar unda gvqondeso qarTulad, _ ubrZanebia 

lados. 

alioSam waikiTsa leqsi da uTxra: 

_ marTlac kargia da originalurad aris dawerili. radgan 

ase mogwons, TviTonve Targmne, ai, am rusuli teqstidan. 

mere Jurnalidan is furceli amoxia, mokeca da fanqriT 

waawera: 

modi, aba, Targmne, lado, 

viT erTvian wylebi ladors, 

Tu ginda rom saxinkleSi 

has-qababi giwiladon! 

Zneli misaxvedri ar unda iyos, rom es vrceli amonaridi 

aris nika agiaSvilis qrestomaTiad qceuli wignidan `Wabukebi 

darCnen marad~ (agiaSvili 1964: 160). 

lados mowonebuli a. Smulianis rusuli Targmani r. sau- 

Tis leqsis (lamis baladis) didad Semoklebuli variantia. 

dedniseulia, Tumca isic mciredad Sesabamisi, onomatopeuri 

nawili. 

168

Роберт Сауты 

ЛОДОРСКИЙ ВОДОПАД 

Шипя, 

Журча, 

Ворча, 

Струясь, 

Крутясь, 

Вздымаясь, 

Вздуваясь, 

Мелькая, шурша, 

Резвясь и спеша 

Скользя, обнимаясь, 

Делясь и встречаясь, 

Ласкаясь, бунтуя, летя, 

Играя, дробясь, шелестя, 

Блистая, взлетая, шатаясь, 

Сплетаясь, звеня, клокоча, 

Взвиваясь, вертясь, грохоча, 

Морщинясь, волнуясь, катаясь, 

Бросаясь, меняясь, воркуя, шумя, 

Взметаясь и пенясь, ликуя, гремя, 

Дрожа, разливаясь, смеясь и болтая, 

Катясь, извиваясь, стремясь, вырастая, 

Вперед и вперед убегая в свободолюбивом задоре,– 

Так падают бурные воды в сверкающем, быстром Лодоре! 

( Шмульян 1940: 138) 

am leqss lado didxans awvalebda da TviTonac wuxda: 

veraferi movuxerxe, Sesatyvisebis Zebnam gamiWirva saqme, amdeni 

`mquxare~ da `Cxriali~ sad gamovnaxoo (agiaSvili 1964: 

161). 

`didi jaxiris Semdeg~ r. sauTis leqsis rusuli variantis 

qarTulma Targmanma aseTi saxe miiRo: 

lodoris CanCqeri 

viT erTvian wylebi lodors? 

CxrialiT, 

grialiT, 

mCqefared, 

mRelvared, 

guguniT, 

169

170 

RuRuniT, 

quxiliT, 

duRiliT, 

TqrialiT, 

trialiT, 

CqafaniT, 

dgafaniT, 

cqvitad, RrialiT, 

ficxlad, rialiT, 

rixiT da mquxared, 

xmauriT, mWeqared, 

RmuiliT, qafqafiT, ruxruxiT, 

xtunviT da kuntruSiT, buxbuxiT, 

brdRvinva da qoTqoTiT, qaqaniT, 

alersiT, rixiT da graganiT, 

drtvinviT da kiskisiT, duduniT, 

butbutiT, kamkamiT, buzRuniT, 

mkvircxlad da cqrialiT, xtoma da CqerebiT, 

ferTacvliT, qrolebiT, Smagad da ZgerebiT, 

tortmaniT, gruxuniT, zaTqiT da dgandgariT, 

CuxCuxiT, TamaSiT, msxvreviT da TqarTqariT, 

fofiniT, xuiliT, kaSkaSiT, JRaruniT, 

qSeniT da SrialiT, lawaniT, wkaruniT, 

qrialiT, wrialiT, livliviT, SrialiT, 

SextomiT, SefreniT, urCad da xrialiT, 

SfoTiT da gniasiT, klakniT da gorebiT, 

JrJoliT da kankaliT, rukrukiT, qrolebiT, 

sul winsrboliT da swraflmdinarebiT 

miqris giJmaJi, laRad mogoravs. 

ase erTvian mCqefare wylebi 

pirmokamkame fexmard lodoras! 

1941 w. 

(asaTiani 1979: 252-253) 

`_rusul TargmanSi ocdasami striqonia, Sen ocdaCvidmeti 

gamogsvlia. ToTxmeti zedmeti striqonia, sad gamonaxeo, 

_ xumrobiT uTxra alioSam, roca es Targmani waikiTxa. 

_ droze Sevikave Tavi, Torem barem 40-amde aviyvandio, 

_ siciliT eubneboda lado. _ sadaa, arc ki vici. mgoni, 

iseTi patara mdinare iyos, amdeni vai-uSvelebeli arc ki 

Caetios Sig. magram leqsi Zalian kargia, namdvili simfoniaa. 

aseTi leqsis avtors grigol abaSiZesaviT SeuZlia Tqvas: 

ìse vmaRldebi yovel striqonSi, rogorc kaxuri mraval- 

Jamier~... (agiaSvili 1964: 164).

Targmnisas lado asaTiani wylis vardnis xmianobis aRsawerad 

iyenebs moqmedebis saxelTa erTgvarovan rigs. sawyis- 

Ta da mimReobaTa monacvleoba wylis moZraobis niuansebis 

dazustebis saSualebas iZleva: ZiriTadi moZraoba ivseba da 

teqstis aRqma advildeba imitomac, rom leqsi bevrad ufro 

uxvad, vidre proza uSvebs erTgvari wevrebis CamoTvlas. 

leqsSi gamoyenebulia oTxi sazomi (rva-, cxra-, aT- da 

Tormetmarcvledi). 

strofikis TvalsazrisiT igi hetero- da izosilaburia: 

I strofi heterosilaburia. pirveli striqoni rvamarcvliania 

(4/4), momdevno sami _ Tormetmarcvliani (3/3/3/3), 

mexuTe _ aTi (2/3/23) da meeqvse _ Tormetmarcvliani 

(3/3/3/3). 

II strofi izosilaburia: masSi eqvsi cxramarcvliani 

striqonia (3/3/3). 

III strofi izosilaburia, aTi Tormetmarcvliani striqoniT 

_ (3/3/3/3). 

IV strofi izosilaburia _ igi oTx aTmarcvlian striqons 

moicavs (5/5). 

pirvel strofad moazrebul segmentSi rvamarcvledis 

Semdeg 12 striqoni TiTo sityviTaa manifestirebuli, rasac 

mosdevs dawyvilebuli maxasiaTeblebis Semcveli oTxi 

striqoni; Semdegi strofi sam-sami sityviani eqvsi striqonia, 

rasac mosdevs aTstriqoniani oTxkomponentiani pwkarebi. 

dabolos, leqss amTavrebs katreni. gariTmvis sami sistemaa, 

strofi ki oTxi saxeobisaa. lados, rogorc siRrmiseulad 

gajerebuli qarTveli poetis, Targmanis metruli 

monacemebi jdeba qarTuli poeziis sazomTa repertuarSi 

(xinTibiZe 2009: 111-129). 

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT lado asaTianis damokidebulebas 

vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedebisadmi, unda vivaraudoT, rom Targmanad 

kvalificirebuli leqsis masala ucilod exmianeba 

vaJas Semdeg striqonebs: 

jagar-aSlili mogrgvinavs, 

mTa da bars aqcevs qoTiTa; 

kldes aRar ealerseba, 

karze miuxta SfoTiTa, 

utevs, aRadris gul-mkerdsa, 

viT vefxi Tvis msxverpls totiTa. 

kldeze talRebi tylaSunobs, 

TiTqosa scemdnen SoltiTa! 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

171

172 

kldisa moisma qviTini, 

medgrad gaisma jaxani, 

wyalma meore mxaresa 

kldisa gaiRo Cqafani, 

da gaiWima xevzeda 

rogorc guTanSi Wapani, qedsa aswia amayad, 

SeaTamaSa fafari. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

angrevs, rac uSlis mgzavrobas, 

dalewa yvela safari... 

(`klde da mdinare~) 

(vaJa-fSavela 1992: 258-259) 

ra lamazia, wyeulo, 

SenT zvirTTa laRni Cqerani, 

gaafTrebulsa talRasa 

kldes ro wauvlen Tqerani. 

(àragvs~) 

(vaJa-fSavela 1992: 24) 

ras SemomRmui, mdinarev, 

ra gzas mibneleb, Rameo?... 

(`ras SemomRmui, mdinarev!~) 

(vaJa-fSavela 1992: 126) 

guCa kvaracxelia werilSi `vaJas `xmauriani samyaro~ 

poets axasiaTebs bunebaSi Sobili xmebis ubadlo warmoCenad 

da wers: `gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva wylis xmaurTan dakavSirebuli 

leqsika: 

wvima wkrialebs, wanwkarebs, Srialebs, Sxeps, ismis wvimis 

tylaSni, tlaSatluSi, Sxapuni, Sxuili, Sriali... wyaro, nakaduli, 

ru mowanwkarebs, Cxrialebs, CuxCuxebs, liklikebs; 

mdinare dudunebs, moCqefs, mohquxs, Rrialebs, Cxrialebs, 

yefs, xivis, gaaqvs CqafaCqufi, Cxriali, Sxuili, Cqafani, Cqefa, 

Cqriali, xvivil-griali, hgodebs, mogrgvinavs... `mobubune 

Tergi~, `mtkvari zanzara xmiani~ (`qarTli~), Rvarebi 

xvivian, Sxivian, ismis maTi Cxerani, `Tan moarRveven mTa-barsa, 

idga dgandgari, Rriali (`gvelis mWameli~)... (kvaracxelia 

2009: 76-77). 

davubrundeT lados Targmans. 

leqsSi gamoyenebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi wylis vardnis 

procesSi gamowveuli SegrZnebebis amsaxvelia. dedanSi 

da rusul TargmanSi es verbaloba gadmoicema gerundivebiT 

(absolutivebiT), inglisurSi -ing da rusulSi -ая, -я, -а, -уя,

-ясь formebiT. qarTul TargmanSi mdinarebis xazgasasmelad 

moxmobilia 80 (!) sawyisi (moqmedebiT brunvaSi) da mimReoba 

(viTarebiT brunvaSi). upiro zmnaTa aseTi raodenobis fonze 

mTel leqsSi oTxad oTxi piriani zmnuri formaa gamoyenebuli. 

amis miuxedavad saocari dinamika, faqtobrivad, gnusxavs 

da gimorCilebs. 

wylis vardnis xmovanebis gadmosacemad daunjebul saxelzmnebs 

oTx semantikur jgufSi vaerTianebT. esaa smeniT 

da mxedvelobiT SegrZnebebTan dakavSirebuli leqsemebi, 

moZraobis saxeobisa da/Tu traeqtoriis damazustebeli 

leqsikuri erTeulebi da adamianis Tvisebebis analogiiT 

moqmedebaTa niuansirebis gamomxatveli sityvaformebi. 

CxrialiT, grialiT, guguniT, RuRuniT, duRiliT, 

TqrialiT, quxiliT, duRiliT, CqafaniT, dgafaniT, RrialiT, 

mquxared, xmauriT, mWeqared, RmuiliT, ruxruxiT, buxbuxiT, 

brdRvinva, graganiT, gruxuniT, zaTqiT, dgandgariT, 

TqarTqariT, xuiliT, JRaruniT, wkaruniT, qSeniT, SrialiT, 

lawaniT, zrialiT, gniasiT, rukrukiT, duduniT, CuxCuxiT, 

xrialiT... _ smeniT SegrZnebebs iwvevs. 

mCqefared, qafqafiT, kamkamiT, cqerebiT, ferTacvliT, 

kaSkaSiT, livliviT, klakvniT, swraflmdinarebiT, pirmokamkame... 

_ mxedvelobiT SegrZnebebTan aris kavSirSi. 

moZraobis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informaciis Semcvelia 

Semdegi sityvebi: riali, qriali, goreba, Sextoma, Sefrena, 

xtoma, kuntruSi, xtoma, msxvreva, qroleba, triali... 

adamianis Tvisebebis miweriT wylis Wavli sxvadasxva rakursSi 

ase warmoCndeba: mRelvared, cqvitad, ficxlad, rixiT, 

alersiT, qoTqoTiT, buzRuniT, butbutiT, mkvircxlad, 

cqrialiT, Smagad, ZgerebiT, tortmaniT, TamaSiT, fofiniT, 

wrialiT, SfoTiT, JrJoliT, kankaliT, drtvinviT, kiskisiT, 

laRad, fexmardad, urCad... 

`lodoris CanCqeris~ ladoseuli gadmoqarTuleba nika 

agiaSvilisaTvis imdenad RirsSesaniSnavi aRmoCnda, rom am 

faqts mweralma Tavis wignSi erTi Tavi miuZRvna, romlis 

saTaurad grigol abaSiZis leqsis epigrafis _ 

_ meore striqoni SearCia. 

da vmaRldebodiT yovel striqonSi, 

rogorc kaxuri mravalJamier! 

(ànderZnamagi~) 

(abaSiZe 1940: 50) 

173

erTi leqsis sivrceSi retrospeqtulad aRmoCndnen: 

robert sauTi, andrei Smuliani, lado asaTiani, aleqsandre 

sajaia, grigol abaSiZe da nika agiaSvili. 

wignis _`Wabukebi darCnen marad~ _ bolo Tavi ase 

sruldeba: 

`ra kargi iyo axalgazrdoba! kargebi iyvnen isinic: im 

lodoris wyalvardniliviT giJmaJni da mCqefareni, marTlac 

kaxuri mravalJamieriviT sul aRmamsvlelni da winmsrbolni, 

axalgazrdulad moxeTqili da afeTqebuli temperamentiT, 

gulSi CanCqerebad mozRvavebul simRerebiTa da 

leqsmravlobiT~ (agiaSvili 1964: 290). 

verafers ver vumatebT! 

damowmebani: 

abaSiZe 1940: abaSiZe gr. asfurcela. Tb.: saxelgami, 1934 - 1940. 

agiaSvili 1964: agiaSvili n. Wabukebi darCnen marad. Tb.: 

gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1944. 



vaJa-fSavela 1992: vaJa-fSavela. Txzulebani 5 tomad. t. I. Tb.: 

gamomcemloba `saqarTvelo~, 1922. 

kvaracxelia 2009: kvaracxelia g. werilebi, leqsebi, dialogebi. Tb.: 

2009. 

Smuliani 1940: Шмульян А. Новые переводы. Из английских поэтов. Роберт 

Сауты (1774-1843). Звезда, №1. Л-д: Гослитиздат, 1940. 

xinTibiZe 2009: xinTibiZe ak. qarTuli leqsis istoria da Teoria. Tb.: 

Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2009. 

174

leqsmcodneobis sesia akaki xinTibiZis gareSe 

2009 wlis 27 maiss SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis 

institutSi lado asaTianisadmi miZRvnili leqsmcodneobis 

mesame samecniero sesia gaimarTa. 

leqsmcodneTa wlevandeli Sekreba gamorCeuli iyo, radgan 

mis muSaobaSi ar monawileobda profesori akaki xinTibiZe, 

mecnieri, romlis saxelsac ukavSirdeba leqsis kvlevis 

calke mimarTulebad gamoyofa da literaturis institutSi 

leqsmcodneobis seqtoris Camoyalibeba. mis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli 

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis qarTuli 

filologiis fakultetze leqsmcodneobis kursis SemoRebac. 

akaki xinTibiZis ormocdaaTwliani samecniero moRvaweoba 

srulad iyo dakavSirebuli qarTuli literaturis institutTan. 

gardacvalebis win man sakuTari mdidari samecniero 

biblioTeka Tavis sayvarel instituts uanderZa. 

leqsmcodneTa wlevandeli sesia institutSi akaki xinTibi- 

Zis kabinetis gaxsniT daiwyo, sadac ganTavsda mecnieris 

biblioTekis mdidari wignadi fondi, moxda misi katalogizacia 

da amieridan nebismier mkvlevars SeuZlia, isargeblos 

am biblioTekiT. momavalSi, saTanado damuSavebis Semdeg, 

aqve iqneba daculi gardacvlili mecnieris arqivic, romlsac 

akaki xinTibiZis mowafe, filologiis mecnierebaTa 

doqtori Tamar barbaqaZe amuSavebs. 

biblioTeka sazeimod gaxsna institutis direqtorma, 

profesorma irma ratianma. gaxsnas eswrebodnen gardacvlili 

mecnieris ojaxis wevrebi: da-Zma _ profesori elguja 

xinTibiZe da medea xinTibiZe da sxvebi. dilis sxdomaze 

Tamar barbaqaZem waikiTxa moxseneba _ àkaki xinTibiZe _ 

lado asaTianis leqsis mkvlevari~, romelic eyrdnoboda 

mecnieris vrcel monografiasa _ `qarTuli leqsis istoria 

da Teoria~. megobrebma da moswavleebma _ Teimuraz doiaSvilma, 

amiran gomarTelma, givi lomiZem, giorgi maxaraZem, 

Tengiz svaniZem da sxvebma moigones akaki xinTibiZe. aRniSnes, 

rom Tuki arsebobs qarTuli leqsis silaburobis Teoria 

(sxva saqmea, ramdenad eTanxmebian an uaryofen mas), Tamamad 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es Teoria ganaviTara orma pirovnebam 

_ giorgi wereTelma da akaki xinTibiZem. wignis kaci iyo, 

wigni uyvarda da memkvidreobadac sakuTari Semoqmedeba da 

mdidari biblioTeka darCa. 

sesiis msvlelobisas, akaki xinTibiZis kidev erTma yofilma 

studentma, profesorma marika jiqiam gardacvlili 

175

mecnieris axaldastambuli monografia _ `qarTuli leqsis 

istoria da Teoria~ Semoitana~. rodesac es wignebi gamoCnda 

darbazSi, TiTqos Tavad batonma akakim Semoabija, radgan es 

misi cxovrebis mTavari wigni iyoo, _ gamoexmaura am faqts 

gamomsvleli Teimuraz doiaSvili. odnav mogvianebiT marika 

jiqiam monografiis gamocemis procesze isaubra da mis avtorTan 

sakuTari urTierTobac gaixsena. amiran gomarTeli 

akaki xinTibiZis xsovnisadmi miZRvnili leqsmcodneobis 

samecniero krebulis gamocemis iniciativiT gamovida, rogorc 

gamomcemelma, sastambo xarjebi iTava da krebulis 

momzadebaSi daxmareba universitetSi baton elguja xinTibiZes, 

literaturis institutSi ki galaktionologiis kvleviTi 

centris mTavar mecnier TanamSromels levan bregaZes 

sTxova. rogorc aRniSna, amiran gomarTels am krebulis 

gamocema 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Tavad akaki xinTibiZis 

mier momzadebulma aseTive xasiaTi samecniero krebulma 

STaagona, saxelwodebiT _`leqsi, mxolod erTi leqsi~. 

akaki xinTibiZis Tanaklaselma da bavSvobis megobarma 

giorgi maxaraZem skolis wlebi moigona da Tqva, akaki im 

mcirericxovanTagani iyo, vinc skolaSive airCia momavali 

profesia, Tavidanve gansakuTrebuli siyvaruli hqonda qar- 

Tuli literaturis, poeziis, mis mier momzadebul kedlis 

gazeTebs sulmouTqmelad velodiT da didi interesiT 

vkiTxulobdiTo. sesiis pirveli nawili msaxiobma eldino 

saRaraZem daasrula, romelmac aRniSna, rom Zalian eamayeba 

akaki xinTibiZis megobrebs Soris moxsenieba da atmosferos 

Sesaferad, lado asaTianis `salaRobo~ da batoni akakis 

gansakuTrebuli siyvarulis sagani, galaktionis ramdenime 

leqsi waikiTxa. 

Sesvenebis Semdeg gamarTuli sxdomebi lado asaTians 

mieZRvna da mas poetis qaliSvili manana asaTiani eswreboda. 

sesiaze damswreebma aTze meti moxseneba moismines poetis 

Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb. maT Soris: `lado asaTianis literaturuli 

portreti~, `lado asaTianis ena da stili~, `lado 

asaTianis strofika~, `lado asaTianis leqsika~, `lado asa- 

Tianis riTmis evfonia~, `lado asaTianis galeqsili epistoleebi~, 

`lado asaTianis erTi Targmanis Sesaxeb~, `lado 

asaTianis Sexeduleba enisa da stilis sakiTxebze~ da sxva. 

176 

Jurn. `Cveni mwerloba~, 

№16(94), 2009 weli, 7 agvisto

sarCevi 

ana kalandaZe 

sasaflaos gazafxuli....................................................................3 

* * *........................................................................................................4 

marto Cems irgvliv idga naTeli... .............................................4 


lado asaTianis saleqso formebi................................................6 


lado asaTianis riTma....................................................................25 


akaki xinTibiZe _ lado asaTianis leqsis mkvlevari...........38 

zaza abzianiZe 

lado asaTiani (literaturuli portreti) ........................42 


lado asaTianis soneti da trioleti.......................................51 

levan bregaZe 

lado asaTianis galeqsili epistoleebi.................................56 

indira gadilia 

lado asaTianis yayaCo...................................................................64 

manana gelaSvili 

`samyaro qviSis marcvalSi~ _ lado asaTianis poeziis 

erTi Taviseburebis Sesaxeb.........................................................68 

qeTevan enuqiZe 

lado asaTianis leqsis bunebisaTvis 

(`leqsi axleburi~)..........................................................................74 

manana kakabaZe 

`Tavganwiruli mxedaris~ tipologiuri aspeqti 

lado asaTianis poeziaSi..............................................................86 

Tamar lomiZe 

aliteracia da paronimiuli atraqcia...................................102 

177

irine meliqiSvili 

palindromi galaktionTan........................................................106 

sofio mujiri 

bibliis recefcia qristine lavantis poeziaSi..................114 

Tamar paiWaZe 

lado asaTianis bediswera: poeturi da pirovnuli...........122 

apolon silagaZe 

ioane-zosimes akrostiqis versifikaciuli 

struqtura.........................................................................................139 

nino sozaSvili 

lado asaTianis ramdenime leqsis folkloruli 

aspeqtebi.........................................................................................144 

eduard ugulava 

firosmani lado asaTianis poeziaSi.......................................148 

Tamila woworia 

lado asaTianis riTmis evfonia...............................................154 

naira cxvediani 

lado asaTianis Sexeduleba enisa da stilis 

sakiTxebze.......................................................................................159 

marika jiqia 

lado asaTianis erTi Targmanis Sesaxeb................................167 

leqsmcodneobis sesia akaki xinTibiZis gareSe....................175 

178

leqsmcodneoba

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