S i n a a r s i
S i n a a r s i S i n a a r s i
24 jgufebis gamartivebuli xatebi. iseve, rogorc sxva tipis socialur stereotipebs, eTnikur stereotipebsac axasiaTebT misi matarebeli jgufis wevrebs Soris maRali xarisxis gavrcelebuloba (sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Tanxmobis maRali xarisxi). amdenad, eTnikuri stereotipebis gamosavlenad metad efeqturia e.w. `TvisebaTa miweris~ meTodis gamoyeneba, romelic sakuTari an sxva eTnikuri jgufebisTvis garkveuli Tvisebebis miwerasa da maTi gavrcelebis xarisxis SefasebaSi mdgomareobs. mkvlevrebi gamoyofen stereotipizaciis sam ZiriTad funqcias. es aris fsiqologiuri, socialurfsiqologiuri da socialuri funqciebi. fsiqologiuri funqciis arsi fsiqikuri ekonomizmis principSi mdgomareobs, rac gulisxmobs minimaluri kognituri danaxarjebiT maqsimaluri informaciis gadamuSavebas socialuri samyarosa da misi movlenebis Sesaxeb da maTi Sinaarsis gaadvilebul wvdomas. stereotipebis socialurfsiqologiuri funqcia ki jgufTaSoris diferenciaciaSi mdgomareobs. igi vlindeba sakuTari jgufis sasargeblod gakeTebuli Sefasebebis saxiT da xels uwyobs pozitiuri jgufuri identobis SenarCunebas. swored amitom, avtostereotipebi, Cveulebriv, ufro pozitiuria, vidre – heterostereotipebi. stereotipizaciis socialur funqcias ki warmoadgens, erTi mxriv, jgufebs Soris arsebuli urTierTobebis da maTi mizezebis axsna da, meore mxriv, arsebuli jgufTaSorisi urTierTobebis gamarTleba. orive maTgani emsaxureba arsebuli urTierTobebis SenarCunebas. bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010 eTnikuri stereotipebis erTerT umniSvnelovanes Tvisebas warmoadgens garkveuli Sinaarsis matareblobasTan erTad maTi emociur-SefasebiTi xasiaTi. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, stereotipebSi da maT Soris _ eTnikur stereotipebSic _ erTiandeba kognituri da emociur- SefasebiTi komponenti. emociur- SefasebiTi komponenti damokidebulebis, mimRebloba-miuReblobis xarisxs (rogoricaa simpaTia, siZulvili, siyvaruli, mowoneba an ubralod _ mimRebloba-miuRebloba) gamoxatavs, xolo kognituri ki – Sinaarss. aqedan gamomdinare, garkveuli Sinaarsis mqone stereotipis emociur-SefasebiTi komponenti SesaZlebelia pozitiuri an negatiuri muxtis matarebeli iyos. fiqsi gamoyofs siZulvilis stereotips, romelic, Cveulebriv, miewereba `ucxo~, `sxva~ dabalstatusian da arakompetentur jgufebs, romlebic amavdroulad fasdeba, rogorc `civi~ jgufi. fiqsis azriT, sakuTari jgufis mimarT, Cveulebriv, vlindeba `aRfrTovanebis~ stereotipi, romlis mixedviTac am jgufs miewereba kompetenturoba, maRali statusi da `siTbo~. magram garda pozitiuri da negatiuri stereotipebisa, arsebobs aseve Surisa da paternalizmis e.w. ambivalenturi stereotipebic. Suri axasiaTebs urTierTobebs maRalstatusian, kompetentur, magram `civ~ jgufebTan. paternalizmi ki urTierTobebs dabalstatusian, arakompetentur, magram `Tbil~ jgufebTan. amgvarad, pozitiurad damuxtuli SeiZleba iyos ara mxolod `sakuTari~ jgufis stereotipebi, aramed im `sxva~ jgufebisac, romlebic ar iwveven safrTxis grZnobas, imis gamo, rom arsebobs
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010 sakuTari ZaliT gamowveuli usafrTxoebis SegrZneba. im jgufebis mimarT ki, romelTaganac safrTxe momdinareobs, SesaZlebelia gamovlindes erTdroulad Suri da pativiscema. eTnikuri stereotipebis meore mniSvnelovan Tvisebad iTvleba mdgradoba axali informaciisadmi. eTnikuri informaciis stabiloba dadasturebulia araerTi empiriuli kvlevis safuZvelze. dadgenilia, rom maTi cvlileba, Cveulebriv, nela da TanmimdevrobiT mimdinareobs. stereotipebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia agreTve maRali xarisxis Tanxmoba, anu `socialuri konsensusi~ _ stereotipis matarebel jgufSi SexedulebaTa Tanxvedris maRali xarisxi. stereotipis kidev erTi Tvisebaa uzustoba. stereotipebze zegavlenas axdenen realuri eTnikuri urTierTobebi. am urTierTobebis xasiaTi _ Tanam- Sromloba Tu moqiSpeoba, dominireba Tu damorCilileba, mniSvnelovanwilad ganapirobebs eTnikuri stereotipis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs: Sinaarss, mimarTulebas, keTilganwyobis xarisxs da sizustesac ki. sxvadsxva eTnikuri jgufebis urTierTobebSi arsebuli problemebis erT-erTi mizezi isaa, rom maT ar esmiT erTmaneTis qcevis mizezebi da amitom akeTeben mcdar Sefasebebs. mravalricxovani kvlevebis Sedegad, romlebic Catarda rogorc individualur, aseve jgufTaSorisi urTierTobebis doneze, dadginda, rom `sakuTari~ jgufis pozitiuri da `sxva~ jgufis negatiuri qcevis mizezad miiCneva Sinagani, pirovnuli faqtorebi. xolo `sakuTari~ jgufis negatiuri qcevebi da `sxvisi~ jgufis pozitiuri qcevebi aixsneba garegani, garemos faqtorebis zegavleniT. aseTi atribuciebi, romelTa saSualebiTac aixsneba agreTve 25 `sakuTari~ da `sxvisi~ jgufis warmateba da warumatebloba cnobilia eTnocentruli atribuciebis saxeliT. amgvarad, fsiqologiaSi dadgenilia (maiersi, 2000, stefanenko, 2004, fsiqologia da kultura, 2003), rom arsebobs `sakuTari~ da `sxva~ jgufis da misi wevrebis Sefasebisas asimetria, romelic vlindeba maTTvis rogorc konkretuli Tvisebebis (pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebis) miweris doneze, aseve maTi pozitiuri Tu negatiuri qcevis axsnis donezec. amasTan, rac ufro Zlieria diferenciacia da eTnikuri dapirispireba, miT ufro Ddidia asimetria urTierTSefasebisas. walkis raionSi arsebuli eTnikuri viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mniSvnelovania SesaZlo daZabulobis im socialur-fsiqologiuri faqtorebis Seswavla, romlebic cnobierebis doneze vlindeba. rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, esenia eTnikuri stereotipebi, avto da heterostereotipebi (maTi rogorc SefasebiT-emociuri, aseve kognituri nawili) da qcevis atribuciuli meqanizmebi. am mizniT Cven SevimuSaveT specialuri anketa interviusaTvis. dagegmili iyo naxevrad struqturirebuli intervius Catareba, romelic moicavda CvenTvis saintereso Temebs Sesabamisi kiTxvebis blokebiT da, amavdroulad, iTvaliswinebda interviurebis procesSi aRmocenebul SesaZlo barierebs enobrivi kompetenciisa da ganaTlebis donis TvalsazrisiT. intervius ZiriTadi Temebi iyo: 1. sxva jgufebis codna da zogadi damokidebuleba maT mimarT; 2. socialuri distanciebi sxva jgufebTan;
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ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
sakuTari ZaliT gamowveuli<br />
usafrTxoebis SegrZneba. im jgufebis<br />
mimarT ki, romelTaganac safrTxe<br />
momdinareobs, SesaZlebelia gamovlindes<br />
erTdroulad Suri da<br />
pativiscema.<br />
eTnikuri stereotipebis meore<br />
mniSvnelovan Tvisebad iTvleba<br />
mdgradoba axali informaciisadmi.<br />
eTnikuri informaciis stabiloba<br />
dadasturebulia araerTi empiriuli<br />
kvlevis safuZvelze. dadgenilia, rom<br />
maTi cvlileba, Cveulebriv, nela da<br />
TanmimdevrobiT mimdinareobs.<br />
stereotipebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia<br />
agreTve maRali xarisxis<br />
Tanxmoba, anu `socialuri<br />
konsensusi~ _ stereotipis matarebel<br />
jgufSi SexedulebaTa Tanxvedris<br />
maRali xarisxi. stereotipis kidev<br />
erTi Tvisebaa uzustoba.<br />
stereotipebze zegavlenas axdenen<br />
realuri eTnikuri urTierTobebi. am<br />
urTierTobebis xasiaTi _ Tanam-<br />
Sromloba Tu moqiSpeoba, dominireba<br />
Tu damorCilileba, mniSvnelovanwilad<br />
ganapirobebs eTnikuri<br />
stereotipis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs:<br />
Sinaarss, mimarTulebas, keTilganwyobis<br />
xarisxs da sizustesac ki.<br />
sxvadsxva eTnikuri jgufebis<br />
urTierTobebSi arsebuli problemebis<br />
erT-erTi mizezi isaa, rom maT<br />
ar esmiT erTmaneTis qcevis mizezebi<br />
da amitom akeTeben mcdar Sefasebebs.<br />
mravalricxovani kvlevebis Sedegad,<br />
romlebic Catarda rogorc<br />
individualur, aseve jgufTaSorisi<br />
urTierTobebis doneze, dadginda,<br />
rom `sakuTari~ jgufis pozitiuri<br />
da `sxva~ jgufis negatiuri qcevis<br />
mizezad miiCneva Sinagani, pirovnuli<br />
faqtorebi. xolo `sakuTari~ jgufis<br />
negatiuri qcevebi da `sxvisi~ jgufis<br />
pozitiuri qcevebi aixsneba garegani,<br />
garemos faqtorebis zegavleniT.<br />
aseTi atribuciebi, romelTa<br />
saSualebiTac aixsneba agreTve<br />
25<br />
`sakuTari~ da `sxvisi~ jgufis<br />
warmateba da warumatebloba<br />
cnobilia eTnocentruli atribuciebis<br />
saxeliT.<br />
amgvarad, fsiqologiaSi dadgenilia<br />
(maiersi, 2000, stefanenko, 2004,<br />
fsiqologia da kultura, 2003), rom<br />
arsebobs `sakuTari~ da `sxva~<br />
jgufis da misi wevrebis Sefasebisas<br />
asimetria, romelic vlindeba<br />
maTTvis rogorc konkretuli<br />
Tvisebebis (pirovnuli<br />
maxasiaTeblebis) miweris doneze,<br />
aseve maTi pozitiuri Tu negatiuri<br />
qcevis axsnis donezec. amasTan, rac<br />
ufro Zlieria diferenciacia da<br />
eTnikuri dapirispireba, miT ufro<br />
Ddidia asimetria urTierTSefasebisas.<br />
walkis raionSi arsebuli<br />
eTnikuri viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
mniSvnelovania SesaZlo daZabulobis<br />
im socialur-fsiqologiuri faqtorebis<br />
Seswavla, romlebic<br />
cnobierebis doneze vlindeba.<br />
rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, esenia<br />
eTnikuri stereotipebi, avto da<br />
heterostereotipebi (maTi rogorc<br />
SefasebiT-emociuri, aseve kognituri<br />
nawili) da qcevis atribuciuli<br />
meqanizmebi.<br />
am mizniT Cven SevimuSaveT<br />
specialuri anketa interviusaTvis.<br />
dagegmili iyo naxevrad struqturirebuli<br />
intervius Catareba,<br />
romelic moicavda CvenTvis saintereso<br />
Temebs Sesabamisi kiTxvebis<br />
blokebiT da, amavdroulad, iTvaliswinebda<br />
interviurebis procesSi<br />
aRmocenebul SesaZlo barierebs<br />
enobrivi kompetenciisa da<br />
ganaTlebis donis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
intervius ZiriTadi Temebi iyo:<br />
1. sxva jgufebis codna da<br />
zogadi damokidebuleba maT<br />
mimarT;<br />
2. socialuri distanciebi<br />
sxva jgufebTan;
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