S i n a a r s i

S i n a a r s i 

ia afTaraSvili, meore enis Seswavlis fsiqologiuri 

faqtorebi saskolo garemoSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ia Aptarashvili, Psychological factors of studying Georgian as a second 

language in schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

irina bagauri, imersiis bilingvuri ganaTleba – pasuxi 

ganaTlebis globaluri filosofiis 

gamowvevebze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Irina Bagauri, Immersion Bilingual Education – The Response to Global Education 

Philosophy’s Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

mzia wereTeli, walkis raionSi arsebuli jgufTaSorisi 

urTierTobebis fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis 

sakiTxisaTvis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Mzia Tsereteli, Psychological characteristics of ethnic group relations in Tsalka 

region The article is based on the materials of the research. . . . . . 

ligita grigule, saqarTvelos umciresobaTa ganaTlebis 

reforma: adgilobrivi iniciativebidan 

saxelmwifos mier dagegmil umciresobaTa 

ganaTlebis reformamde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ligita Grigule, Georgia Minority Education Reform: from local initiatives towards 

state planed minority education reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

ana babluani, G_gan (_dan) Tandebulian saxelTa swavleba 

azerbaijanelTaTvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ana Babluani, Teaching Azerbaijanians how to use preposition – “from” 

- gan (dan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

gv. 2 

gv. 11 

gv. 12 

gv. 20 

gv. 21 

gv. 30 

gv. 31 

gv. 43 

gv. 44 

gv. 48

2 

ia afTaraSvili 

meore enis Seswavlis fsiqologiuri faqtorebi 

saskolo garemoSi 

abstraqti 

winamdebare kvlevis mizani iyo, Semeswavla qarTulis, rogorc meore 

enis aTvisebis fsiqologiuri faqtorebi formalur saswavlo garemoSi, 

romelsac Tan axlavs enis realizebis araformaluri garemoc. kvlevis 

Teoriul safuZvels warmoadgenda meore enis Seswavlis miuleris 

socialur-kognituri modeli (1997). hipoTezidan gamomdinare, 

kvlevisaTvis specialurad Seiqmna instrumenti - kiTxvari moswavleebisa 

da maswavleblebisaTvis. moswavlis mier meore enis codnis done Sefasda 

misi akademiuri niSniT aRniSnul saganSi (qarTul enaSi) da 

maswavleblis kiTxvaris monacemebiT. kvlevaSi monawileobdnen qalaq 

Tbilisis araqarTulenovani skolebi da orseqtoriani (qarTul-rusuli) 

skolebis rusuli seqtoris ramdenime klasi. monacemTa statistikuri 

analizis Sedegad gamovlinda Semdegi ZiriTadi faqtorebi, romlebic 

gavlenas axdenen meore enis Seswavlis warmateba-warumateblobaze: 

integraciis motivacia, instrumentaluri motivacia, sakuTari enobrivi 

unaris Sefaseba, moswavlis saskolo TviTkoncepti. 

Sesavali 

Tanamedrove sazogadoeba, 

romelic Slis yvelanair 

geografiul sazRvars da eTnokulturul 

bariers urTierTobaSi, 

gviyenebs uamrav moTxovnas: maT 

Soris multilingvuri ganaTlebis 

aucileblobasac. 

ojaxSi, skolamdel dawesebulebebsa 

da skolebSi aRzrdisa da 

ganaTlebis prioritetul miznebs 

warmoadgens bavSvis pirovnuli da 

SemecnebiTi (kognituri) ganviTareba, 

romlis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi 

aspeqti metyvelebis daufleba da 

enis Seswavlaa. ena socializaciis 

mTavari instrumentia, amitom misi 

srulfasovani floba ganapirobebs 

individis integracias socialurkulturul 

sivrceSi. xSirad es 

bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010 

integracia moiTxovs meore enis an 

ucxo enis flobasac. 

adamianis mier meore enis an 

ucxo enis gamoyeneba ar Semoifargleba 

mxolod sayofacxovrebo 

an saliteraturo sferoTi. is aseve 

aqtualuria mis profesionalur 

cxovrebaSic, rac gulisxmobs enis 

ara mxolod aRqmisa da gagebis 

doneze flobas, aramed aqtiuri 

verbaluri urTierTobis funqciasac. 

TiTqmis yoveli meore Tanamedrove 

adamiani flobs minimum or enas, misi 

sacxovrebeli garemodan an misi 

profesiidan gamomdinare. 

dResdReobiT bilingvizmis, 

multilingvuri ganaTlebis problema 

arsebiTi da mravalmxrivia. misi 

sxvadasxva aspeqti Seswavlili iyo 

da Seiswavleba wlebis manZilze

ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010 

sxvadasxva mecnieris mier: r 

gardneri, v. lamberti, k. beikeri, h. 

dankeli, u. leopoldi, u. makkei, C. 

osgudi, u, vainraixi, n. imedaZe, a. 

leontieva da a.S. 

samecniero literaturaSi 

bilingvizmis fenomenis axsnisadmi 

sxvadasxva midgoma arsebobs: erTni 

ganixilaven bilingvizms, rogorc 

socialur movlenas, rogorc 

saxelmwifos saganmanaTleblo da 

enobriv politikas, rac imas 

gulisxmobs, rom, rodesac 

saxelmwifoSi arseboben erovnuli 

umciresobebi, romelTac uwevT sxva 

(ara mSobliur) enobriv garemoSi 

cxovreba, TavisTavad dgeba maT 

Soris urTierTobis sakiTxi. 

Sesabamisad irCeva sakontaqto, 

sakomunikacio ena. rac imas niSnavs, 

rom bilingvuri, an multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia 

Tanamedrove sazogadoebis 

internacionaluri kulturiT. 

meore mecnieruli midgomis 

Tanaxmad, bilingvizmi aris ara 

socialuri, aramed individualuri 

movlena, romlis roli da 

mniSvneloba fasdeba individis 

pirovnuli da SemecnebiTi 

ganviTarebis konteqstSi. 

Sesabamisad, ganaTlebis prioritetulobis, 

individis profesionaluri 

zrdis moTxovnilebis 

pirdapirproporciulad, sul ufro 

da ufro izrdeba interesi enis 

dauflebis procesisa da meqanizmis 

Seswavlisadmi. 

seriozuli kvlevis sagans 

warmoadgens is, Tu ra faqtorebi, 

maT Soris fsiqologiuri, 

ganapirobebs meore enis SeswavlaSi 

warmateba-warumateblobas. 

lingvistebi xSirad miuTi- 

Teben, rom nebismier kulturaSi 

bavSvebi uproblemod aRweven 

kompetentur codnas maT mSobliur 

enaSi, Tu ra Tqma unda, adgili ar 

aqvs ganviTarebis darRvevebs da 

garemos problemebs (sruli 

izolacia, naklebi enobrivi 

stimulebi da a.S) magram mSobliuri 

enis kargi floba ar niSnavs imas, 

rom individi meore enis Seswavlasac 

aseTive warmatebiT moaxerxebs, 

Tundac mizani seriozuli iyos, 

saTanado motivaciac gaaCndes da 

garemo pirobebic swavlisTvis 

optimaluri iyos. 

sakiTxis mimoxilva 

winamdebare kvlevis mizans 

warmoadgens meore enis Seswavlis 

fsiqologiuri faqtorebis gamokveTa 

formalur saswavlo (saskolo) 

garemoSi, ufro konkretulad ki 

saskolo konteqstSi, sagakveTilo 

konteqstSi da ojaxi -skola 

urTierTobis (ojaxis saskolo 

cxovrebaSi CarTulobis) konteqstSi. 

kvlevis Teoriul safuZvels 

warmoadgens miuleris saskolo 

garemoSi meore enis Seswavlis 

socialur-kognituri modeli (1997), 

albert banduras TviTefeqturobis, 

rogorc qcevis centraluri 

prediqtoris koncepti da aseve 

lambertis, klemanisa da gardneris 

socialur-aRmzrdelobiTi modelebi. 

kvlevis konceptualuri mxaris 

gasagebad mokled ganvixiloT 

TiToeuli modeli. 

lambertis modelis (lamberti, 

1974; 1979; 1981) mixedviT, meore enis 

warmatebiT dauflebis ZiriTadi 

faqtori aris motivacia, romelic, 

Tavis mxriv, ganapirobebs meore / 

ucxo enis SeswavlaSi identurobis 

ganviTarebas (Identitätsentwicklung). individis 

survili da mzadyofna, 

Seiswavlos umravlesobis ena, iyos 

es misi cxovrebis erT-erTi mTavari 

Rirebuleba da TviTrealizaciis 

saSualeba, lambertisaTvis warmoadgens 

integraciul orientirs 

sociumSi. swored es integraciis 

motivacia (sociumSi integraciaze 

orientireba) aris mis modelSi 

mTavari cvladi da meore enis 

warmatebiT aTvisebis winapiroba. 

lamberti ganasxvavebs mas 

instrumentaluri motivaciisgan, 

romelic aqcents akeTebs enis 

flobis ekonomikur da praqtikul 

upiratesobaze. 

3

4 

gardneris socialur-aRmzrdelobiTi 

modeli (gardneri, 1979; 

1985) garkveulwilad efuZneba 

lambertis models, Tumca, misgan 

gansxvavebiT, is ganixilavs meore 

enis Seswavlis konteqstSi 

socialur-kulturuli garemos 

zemoqmedebasac. 

igi gamoyofs 4 ZiriTad 

Sualedur cvlads, romlebic 

gavlenas axdenen meore enis 

dauflebis xarisxze. esenia: 

inteleqti 

enis niWi (talanti) 

motivacia 

enis gamoyenebis situaciuri 

SiSi 

TiToeuli am cvladis gavlena 

SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari iyos 

kulturul-socialuri garemos 

mixedviT. monokulturul, erTenovan 

(mSobliurenovan) garemoSi meore 

enis Seswavla ZiriTadad mimdinareobs 

saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, 

formalur saswavlo konteqstSi. 

gardneri varaudobs, rom enis 

Seswavlis niWi da sxva kognituri 

faqtorebis zemoqmedeba Tavs iCens 

swored amgvar formalur saswavlo 

garemoSi. motivaciur faqtors ki 

garkveuli datvirTva aqvs, rogorc 

araformalur saswavlo, aseve 

formalur saswavlo garemoSic. 

gardneris modelis mixedviT, 

enobriv talants didi mniSvneloba 

aqvs orive konteqstSi, Tumca misi 

roli ufro metia monokulturul 

garemoSi, vidre bi- da 

multikulturul garemoSi. 

gardneri lambertis models 

ufro srulyofils xdis pirovnuli 

cvladis SemotaniT, rogoricaa 

“situaciuri SiSi meore enis 

gamoyenebisas”. marTlac kvlevebma 

(gardneri, 1985; lalonde/piersoni, 

1983; lalonde/gardneri, 1984) 

daadastures korelaciis arseboba 

SiSsa da meore enis 

zepirmetyvelebaSi gamoyenebas Soris. 

ufro mogvianebiT Catarebuli 

kvlevebi (gardneri, murkrofti / 

meTorda, 1989) gardners saSualebas 

aZlevs, ivaraudos, rom es 


situaciuri SiSis cvladi sxva 

araferia, Tu ara sxva cvladis - 

`sakuTar TavSi dawmunebulobis~ 

kerZo gamovlineba. 

klemanis socialuri konteqstis 

modeli kidev ufro metad 

akeTebs aqcents socialurkulturuli 

garemos mniSvnelobaze. 

igi gardneris da lambertisagan 

iRebs iseT cvladebs, rogoricaa 

integraciis motivacia da 

situaciuri SiSis komponenti da maT 

sakuTar modelSi ganixilavs, 

rogorc arsebiT struqturul 

cvladebs. Tumca igi SiSis cvladis 

qveS gulisxmobs ara enis gamoyenebis 

SiSs, aramed mas arqmevs asimilaciis 

SiSs, romelSic gulisxmobs meore 

enis aTvisebis SemTxvevaSi 

Tavdapirveli kulturis da enis 

dakargvis SiSs da misi azriT, 

swored damokidebuleba asimilaciis 

SiSsa da integraciis motivacias 

Soris gansazRvravs meore enis 

Seswavlis motivacias da Semdgom 

Sedegs. Tu asimilaciis SiSi 

sWarbobs integraciis motivacias, 

maSin meore enis Seswavlis 

motivaciac dabalia da, Sesabamisad, 

Sedegic _ araefeqturi. xolo Tu 

integraciis motivacia sWarbobs 

asimilaciis SiSs, maSin meore enis 

Seswavlis motivacia maRalia da 

Sedegic efeqturi. 

da bolos, miuleris socialurkognitur 

modeli Tavis TavSi 

aerTianebs lambertis, gardneris da 

klemanis modelebs. 

miuleris mixedviT, saskolo 

garemoSi meore enis SeswavlaSi 

warmateba damokidebulia Semdeg or 

ZiriTad cvladze: 

niWi (enis aTvisebis niWi da 

zogadi inteleqti); 

saskolo enobrivi koncepti. 

aRniSnuli modelis mixedviT, 

yvelaze mniSvnelovani cvladi _ es 

moswavlis enobrivi TviTkonceptia. 

moswavlis ,,enobrivi TviTkoncepti~ - 

TviTdarwmunebuloba, TviTndoba 

(Selbstvertrauen) es aris rwmena 

sakuTari enobrivi unarebisa, 

rogorc mas miuleri uwodebs,


enobrivi TviTprograma, romelic 

gamocdilebis xangrZlivi dagrovebis 

Sedegia. swored mis safuZvelze 

aRmocendeba sakuTari enobrivi 

SesaZleblobebis zusti Sefaseba, 

romelic ufro zustad asaxavs 

moswavlis miRweul Sedegebs. 

miuleris socialur-kognituri modeli 

egzogenuri cvladebi endogenuri cvladebi 

sakontrolo cvladebi 

socialur-ekonomiuri 

statusi 

ojaxis ganaTlebis 

done 

sqesi 

eTnolingvisturi 

warmoSoba 

skolaSi swavlebis 

xangrZlivoba. 

konteqstualuri 

cvladebi 

meore enis 

Seswavlis 

motivacia 

saskolo 

TviTkoncepti 

saskolo konteqsti 

rogorc zemoT warmodgenil 

suraTze Cans, meore enis Seswavlis 

motivacia da saskolo TviTkoncepti 

(bavSvis mier sakuTari Tavis, 

rogorc moswavlis, Sefaseba) 

erToblivad gansazRvravs moswavlis 

enobriv TviTkoncepts, romelic 

erTis mxriv ukukavSirSi imyofeba am 

or cvladTan da meores mxriv 

mniSvnelovani prediqtoria saskolo 

enobrivi kompetenciisTvis. 

miulerTan motivaciis 

dinamiuri aspeqtis mniSvnelovneba 

meore enis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT 

eWvqveS ar dgas. magram motivaciuri 

cvladi mxolod maSin warmoadgens 

meore enis Seswavlis mniSvnelovan 

prediqtors, rodesac moswavlis 

darwmunebuloba sakuTar enobriv 

SesaZleblobebSi maRalia. swored es 

ganapirobebs motivaciis konkretul 

mizanze orientirebas. Sesabamisad 

miuleri miiCnevs, rom nakleb 

efeqturia droebiTi didaqtikuri 

aRmzrdelobiTi meTodebi da 

waxalisebebi enaSi warmatebis 

miRwevis asamaRleblad. 

rogorc vxedavT, yvela zemoT 

warmodgenili modeli gamoyofs im 

ZiriTad faqtorebs, romlebic 

gavlenas axdenen meore enis 

Seswavlis procesze. magram es 

modelebi gansxvavdebian imiT, rom 

centralur da wamyvan faqtorad 

sxvadasxva cvlads miiCneven. aseTi 

gansxvavebuli gageba da aqcentebi 

enobrivi 

TviTkoncepti 

enis niWi, enis 

Seswavlis unari. 

araverbaluri 

inteleqti 

sagakveTilo 

konteqsti 

skola-ojaxis urTier- 

Tobis konteqsti 

ganpirobebulia imiT, rom modelebs 

empiriul safuZvlad daedo 

arsebiTad gansxvavebul 

populaciebze Catarebuli kvlevebi. 

lambertma, gardnerma da klemanma 

kvleva Caatares kanadel da 

Crdiloamerikel moswavleebsa da 

studentebze ucxo enis (franguli an 

inglisuri) Seswavlis konteqstSi. 

miuleris kvlevaSi ki 

monawileobdnen emigranti moswavleebi, 

romlebic ukve didi xania 

cxovroben SveicariaSi. amitom 

maTTvis integraciis motivacia araa 

arsebiTi, radgan integracia 

garkveulwilad ukve momxdaria. 

kvlevis meTodologia 

saskoloenobrivi 

kompetencia 

kvlevis mizani 

winamdebare kvlevis mizani iyo 

qarTulis, rogorc meore enis 

aTvisebis fsiqologiuri faqtorebis 

Seswavla formalur, saswavlo 

garemoSi, romelsac Tan axlavs enis 

realizebis araformaluri garemoc. 

rogorc viciT, saqarTvelo 

mravaleTnikuri qveyanaa. 2002 wlis 

monacemebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos 

mosaxleobis 83,8% qarTvelia, 6,5%azerbaijaneli, 

5,7%-somxebi, 1,5%rusebi, 

0,9%-osebi, 0,4%-iezidebi, 0,3% 

berZnebi, 0,2%-qistebi, 0,2%ukrainelebi 

da 0,1%-afxazebi. 

5

6 

saxelmwifo ena qarTulia da, 

Sesabamisad, eTnikuri umciresobebis 

warmomadgenlebi sajaro skolaSi 

swavloben qarTuls, rogorc II enas. 

misi Seswavla xorcieldeba 

ZiriTadad formalur saskolo 

garemoSi, mxolod zog SemTxvevaSi 

aqvs adgili araformalur saswavlo 

garemos. es garemo ZiriTadad 

Seqmnilia dedaqalaqSi, xolo iseT 

raionebSi, sadac mcire erebi 

kompaqturad arian dasaxlebulebi, 

araformaluri saswavlo garemo 

saerTod ar aris. 

kvlevis miznebidan gamomdinare, 

kvlevis areali Semoifargla 

dedaqalaqis araqarTulenovani 

sajaro skolebiT, sadac moswavleebi 

swavloben qarTul enas, rogorc 

sagans da amavdroulad maT aqvT enis 

aTvisebis araformaluri garemoc 

qarTulenovani sociumis saxiT. 

kvlevis meTodi 

zemoT aRweril modelebze 

dayrdnobiT specialurad SemuSavda 

kiTxvari, romelic moicavda Semdeg 

ZiriTad sferoebs: 

egzogenuri faqtorebi: zogadi 

akademiuri moswreba, enobrivi 

da eTnikuri warmomavloba, 

qarTuli enis swavlebis 

xangrZlivoba da a.S. 

saskolo konteqsti (urTierToba 

skolis administraciasTan 

da sxva skolebis 

warmomadgenlebTan); 

sagakveTilo konteqsti 

(moswavle-maswavleblis urTierTobis 

faqtori, axsnis 

stili, gakveTilis wamyvani ena 

da a.S.); 

skola-ojaxis urTierTobis 

konteqsti. (ojaxis CarTuloba 

da damokidebuleba qarTulis 

SeswavlasTan dakavSirebiT); 

moswavlis TviTSefaseba meore 

enis SeswavlasTan dakav- 

SirebiT. 

TiToeuli sfero moicavda misTvis 

relevantur debulebebs. 

kiTxvari SemuSavda skolis me- 

11 klasis moswavleebisaTvis. me-11 

klasi SeirCa imisaTvis, rom am 

asakSi bavSvs TiTqmis miRebuli aqvs 

zogadi ganaTleba, Seswavlili aqvs 

qarTuli, rogorc meore ena 

formalur pirobebSi. Sesabamisad, 


enis codnis Sedegi ukve saxeze unda 

iyos. Tanac esaa asaki, sadac sakuTar 

TavSi da SesaZleblobebSi darwmunebulobis 

(pozitiuri da adekvaturi 

TviTSefasebis) Camoyalibeba 

arsebiT stadiazea. 

kvlevis pirvel etapze 

moswavleebi pasuxobdnen kiTxvarSi 

mocemul kiTxvebs individualurad. 

meore etapze mowmdeboda maT mier 

qarTuli enis codnis done. 

rogorc cnobilia,Eenis codna 

gulisxmobs: 

metyvelebas aRniSnul enaze; 

weras; 

kiTxvas; 

mosmenilis gagebas da 

gaazrebas. 

Cvens SemTxvevaSi aRniSnulis 

mixedviT meore enis flobis done 

mowmdeboda Semdegi ori 

kriteriumiT: 

saskolo akademiuri moswrebis 

mixedviT (wliur niSanze 

dayrdnobiT); 

specialuri maswavleblis kiTxvariT, 

romelic moswavles afasebda enis 

mocemuli 4 aspeqtis mixedviT (am 

SemTxvevaSic Sefaseba xorciedeboda 

10 quliani sistemiT. 

kvlevis monawileebi 

kvlevaSi monawileobda qalaq 

Tbilisis araqarTulenovani skolebi: 

# 43, 72, 75, 176 da orseqtoriani 

(qarTul-rusuli) skolebis rusuli 

seqtoris ramodenime klasi. sul 

klvevaSi monawileoba miiRo 140 1 

araqarTulenovanma moswavlem. 

statistikuri analizi da Sedegebi 

miRebuli monacemebis 

faqtoruli analizis Sedegad 

(statistikuri programiT SPSS 17-iT), 

gamoikveTa ramodenime ZiriTadi 

faqtori, romelTa wonac meore enis 

SeswavlaSi arsebiTia: 

1 savele samuSaoebSi monawileoba miiRes 

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa 

fakultetis fsiqologiis mimarTulebis 

studentebma.


faqtorebi 

debulebebi 

qarTuli saxelmwifo 

enaa da saqarTvelos 

yvela moqalaqem unda 

icodes 

qarTuli enis codna 

aucilebelia 

xSirad vcdilob 

visaubro qarTulad 

megobrebTan 

urTierTobisas 

ZiriTadi sasaubro 

ena qarTuli enaa 

sasurveli azris 

gadmocemas qarTul 

enaze srulyofilad 

vaxerxeb 

qarTul enaSi 

saskolo warmatebebi 

CemTvis 

mniSvnelovania 

qarTuli enis floba 

upiratesobas maniWebs 

maqvs urTierTobis 

damyarebis 

unari 

kargi 

qarTul enaze 

saubrisagan Tavs 

vikaveb, radgan 

meSiania ar damcinon 

qarTul enaze 

saubrisagan Tavs 

vikaveb radgan 

jerjerobiT ar 

vflob saTanadod 

qarTuli enis 

aTviseba 

rTulia 

sakmaod 

Cemi ojaxi miiCnevs, 

rom qarTuli enis 

codna aucilebelia 


mniSvnelovania raTa 

davamTavro skola 


mniSvnelovania, raTa 

Cavabaro umaRles 

saswavlebelSi 

qarTuli enis srulyofili 

codna 

damexmareba momavalSi 

warmatebebis 

integraciis 

motivacia 

.927 

.924 

.882 

.836 

.667 

.606 

.602. 

.554 

sakuTari 

enobrivi 

unaris Sefaseba 

. .847 

.770 

.599 

instrumentaluri 

motivacia 

.831 

.752 

.531 

.568 

7 

moswavlis 

saskolo 

TviTkoncepti

8 

miRwevaSi. 

zogadad ramdenad 

warCinebul 

moswavled miiCnevT 

klasSi Tavs 

mondomebuli 

moswavle var 

aqtiurad var 

CarTuli saswavlo 

procesSi 

msiamovnebs swavla .707 

qarTulad 

Tavisuflad vsaubrob 

faqtorebis gamoyofis meTodi: 

ZiriTadi RerZebis faqtoruli 

analizi. 

brunvis meTodi: Ppromaqsi, 

kaizeris kriteriumiT. 

monacemTa statistikuri analizi 

gviCvenebs, rom qarTulis, 

rogorc meore enis aTvisebis 

ZiriTadi faqtorebi (cvladebis 

dispersiis mniSvnelovani nawili 

_ monacemTa variabilobis 39.42 

%), emTxveva gardneris, klemanis, 

lambertis da miuleris modelebSi 

gamoyofil faqtorebs. 

kerZod, 

integraciis motivacia 

am faqtorze yvelaze maRali 

datvirTva aqvs Semdeg 

debulebebs: 

qarTuli saxelmwifo enaa 

da saqarTvelos yvela 

moqalaqem unda icodes; 


aucilebelia; 

xSirad vcdilob, visaubro 

qarTulad; 

megobrebTan urTierTobisas 

ZiriTadi sasaubro ena 

qarTuli enaa; 

qarTulad Tavisuflad 

vsaubrob; 

maqvs urTierTobis 

damyarebis kargi unari. 

amgvarad, qarTuli enis 

aTvisebis TvalsazrisiT, maRali 


.554 

.845 

.770 

.573 .434 

Sedegebi aqvT im moswavleebs, 

romlebic miiCneven, rom qarTuli 

saxelmwifo enaa da misi codna 

aucilebelia, cdiloben isaubron 

qarTulad da megobroben 

qarTulenovan bavSvebTan. enis 

warmatebiT aTvisebaze aseve 

moqmedebs komunikaciis kargi 

unari da qarTulis codnis 

Tavdapirveli done. 

sakuTari enobrivi unaris 

Sefaseba 

es faqtori warmoadgens 

miuleris enobrivi TviTkonceptis 

Semadgenel arsebiT cvlads. masze 

maRali datvirTva aqvs Semdeg 

debulebebs: 

qarTul enaze saubrisagan 

Tavs vikaveb, radgan meSinia 

ar damcinon; 

qarTul enaze saubrisagan 

Tavs vikaveb, radgan jerjerobiT 

saTanadod ver 

vflob; 

qarTuli enis aTviseba 

sakmaod rTulia. 

amgvarad, qarTuli enis aTvisebis 

TvalsazrisiT, dabali Sedegebi aqvT 

im moswavleebs, romlebic miiCneven, 

rom qarTuli enis Seswavla rTulia, 

Tavs ikaveben qarTul enaze 

saubrisgan, radgan miaCniaT, rom ar 

ician ena saTanadod da eSiniaT 

dacinvis.


instrumentaluri motivacia 

am faqtorze maRali datvirTva aqvs 

Semdeg debulebebs: 

Cemi ojaxi miiCnevs, rom 


aucilebelia; 



davamTavro skola; 

qarTuli enis srulyofili 

codna damexmareba momavalSi 

warmatebebis miRwevaSi; 



Cavabaro umaRles saswavlebelSi. 

amgvarad, qarTuli enis aTvisebis 

TvalsazrisiT, kargi Sedegebi aqvT 

im moswavleebs, romlebic acnobiereben 

qarTuli enis codnis 

praqtikul mniSvnelobas. 

moswavlis saskolo 

TviTkoncepti (bavSvis mier 

sakuTari Tavis, rogorc 

moswavlis, Sefaseba). es faqtori 

miuleris enobrivi TviTkonceptis 

Semadgeneli nawilia. 

am faqtorze maRali datvirTva 

aqvs Semdeg debulebebs: 

warCinebul moswavled 

migvaCnia Tavi; 

mondomebuli moswavle var; 

qarTulad Tavisuflad 

vsaubrob; 

msiamovnebs swavla; 

aqtiurad var CarTuli 

saswavlo procesSi. 

amrigad, qarTuli enis aTvisebis 

TvalsazrisiT, kargi Sedegebi aqvT 

im moswavleebs, romlebsac 

pozitiuri TviTSefaseba aqvT da 

qarTuli enis aTvisebis Sinagani 

motivacia amoZravebT. 

kvlevis Sedegad dadginda 

qarTulis, rogorc meore enis 

aTvisebis warmatebaze moqmedi 

fsiqologiuri faqtorebi. gamovlinda 

maTi korelaciuri kavSiri 

enaSi moswavlis akademiuri miRwevis 

donesTan, kerZod: 

integraciis motivacia 

da moswavlis akademiuri 

miRweva (r = .576, p < .01); 

sakuTari enobrivi 

unaris Sefaseba da 

moswavlis akademiuri 

miRweva (r = .711, p < .01); 

instrumentaluri motivacia 

da moswavlis 

akademiuri miRweva (r = 

.245, p < .01); 

moswavlis saskoli 

TviTkoncepti da 

moswavlis akademiuri 

miRweva (r = .640, p < .01); 

aseve, Semdgomma raodenobrivma 

analizma debulebebis doneze aCvena, 

rom qarTulSi, rogorc meore enaSi, 

moswavlis akademiuri moswreba ufro 

maRalia im SemTxvevaSi, roca: 

moswavlis garemocvaSi 

(ojaxSi, megobrebSi da 

a.S) figurirebs qarTul 

enaze Tavisuflad 

mosaubre piri (F (2.207) = 

25.50; p ≤ .004); 

mSobeli metad aris 

CarTuli Svilis 

saskolo cxovrebaSi (F 

(2.472) = 28.21; p ≤ .005); 

mSobels mniSvnelovnad 

miaCnia qarTuli enis 

codna (F (2.08) = 7.39; p ≤ 

.003); 

moswavles xSirad uwevs 

komunikacia qarTul 

enaze sxvadasxva 

konteqstSi (F (4.713) = 

35.12, p ≤ .001); 

Hmoswavlis safexuris 

qula aRemateba 8-s (F 

(1.54.) = 4.51; p ≤ .004); 

moswavles Tavisi Semdgomi 

warmatebisaTvis qarTuli 

enis codna aucileblad 

miaCnia (F (3.22) = 11.531; p ≤ 

.003). 

9

10 

daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi 

kvlevis Sedegebma daadastura 

hipoTeziT navaraudebi faqtorebis 

gavlena meore enis Seswavlaze. 

Tbilisis araqarTulenovani skolebis 

moswavleebisTvis erT-erTi 

wamyvani faqtori aRmoCnda 

integraciis motivacia, SedarebiT 

dabali, Tumca mniSvnelovani 

datvirTva aqvs instrumentalur 

motivacias. sayuradReboa is 

Sedegic, rom moswavlis enobrivi 

TviTprograma mniSvnelovnad gansa- 

literatura 


zRvravs meore enis dauflebis 

efeqturobas. moswavlis enobrivi 

TviTprograma ki _ mSoblisa da 

mTlianad ojaxis CarTulobis, 

maswavleblis kvalifikaciisa da 

moswavlis swavlisadmi misi 

ukukavSiris gareSe warmoudgenelia. 

es faqti TavisTavad damafiqrebelia 

swavlebis meTodologiis 

TvalsazrisiT: rogor 

daigegmos gakveTili, rogor 

SeirCes swavlebis stili da a.S., 

rom moswavlis TviTkompetenturobis 

gancda masTan SeWidebuli 

aRmoCndes. 

avrorini, 1972 - Аврорин В.А. Двуязычие и школа. // Проблемы двуязычия и 

многоязычия. М., Изд-во «Наука». 1972. стр. 49-62. 

aleni da lamberti, 1969 - Aellen C. & Lambert W. E. Ethnic identification and personality 

adjustments of Canadian adolescents of mixed English-French parentage. // 

Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science. 1969. № 1. р. 69-86. 

barsuki, 2004 - Барсук Р.Ю. Основы обучения иностранному языку в условиях двуязычия. 

// Психологические основы обучения неродному языку. М., 2004. стр. 181-192. 

beikeri, 1993 - Baker C. Foundation of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. Clevedon. 1993. 

318 рag. 

gardneri, 1958 - Gardner, R. C. Social factors in second-language acquisition. Master’s thesis, 

McGill University,1958. 

gardneri, 1960 - Gardner, R. C. Motivational variables in second-language acquisition. Doctoral 

dissertation, McGill University, 1960. 

gardneri, 1972 - Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second 

language learning. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House. 

gardneri da kalini, 1981 - Gardner, R. C., & Kalin, R. (Eds.) (1981). A Canadian social 

psychology of ethnic relations. 

lamberti, 1984 - Lambert W.E. On overview of issues in immersion education. // Studies on 

Immersion Education: A Collection for United States Educators. 1984. pag. 8-30. 

lamberti, 1962 - Lambert W. & Peal E. The Relation of Bilingualism to Intelligence. 

Psychological Monographic. Rowley, Mass. 1962. 76: pag. 1-23. 

leopoldi, 1954 - Leopold W. A child's learning of two languages. Fifth Annual Georgetown 

University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics. Washington, DC: 

Georgetown University Press. 1954. pag.19-30. 

raku jana, 2008 -Racu Jana, Language psychogenesis in mixed communication environments. 

Master’s thesis, Chisinau Pedagogical State University, 2008


Ia Aptarashvili 

Psychological factors of studying Georgian as a second language in schools 

ABSTRACT 

The goal of the presented research is to study psychological factors that influence Georgian 

as a second language acquisition in formal educational settings that might be accompanied 

with informal context. The theoretical background of the research is based on Muller 

social-cognitive model (1997). According to the research hypotheses, the questionnaire was 

designed for students and teachers. The research was conducted in Tbilisi public schools, 

where Georgian is a second language. 140 students and 12 teachers participated in the 

research. Students' level of knowledge was measured by their academic grades in the 

second language (Georgian language) and by their teachers' assessments. Results revealed 

some main factors that influence success in second language acquisition: integration, 

motivation, instrumental motivation, language skills self-esteem and student's school selfconcept. 

11

12 

irina bagauri 

imersiis bilingvuri ganaTleba - pasuxi ganaTlebis 

globaluri filosofiis gamowvevebze 

abstraqti 

winamdebare statia miznad isaxavs, mkiTxvels gaacnos 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis Zlieri, SemnarCunebeli programa ,,imersia~. 

statiis Sesaval nawilSi saubaria imersiis, rogorc bilingvuri 

ganaTlebis programis warmoSobis istoriaze; ZiriTadi aqcentebi 

gakeTebulia kanadur imersiaze, rogorc am programis samSobloze, 

agreTve ganxilulia kanaduri imersiis naklovanebebi. statiaSi 

saubaria aseve imersiis programis ganxorcielebisaTvis Sesabamisi 

pedagogiuri CarCos Sesaxeb. daskvnis saxiT ki warmodgenelia 

imersiis upiratesobebi da saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli programis 

ganxorcielebis perspeqtivebi. 

bilingvizmi da bilingvuri 

ganaTleba Zalian aqtualuria 

mTeli msoflios masStabiT, 

ganviTarebuli qveynebi globalizaciis 

Tanamedrove gamowvevebis 

Sesabamisad reagireben da 

maqsimalurad moqnil da 

praqtikul ganaTlebis sistemebs 

qmnian. ganaTlebis sistemis 

formirebisas udidesi mniSvneloba 

eniWeba enobrivi politikis 

sworad dagegmvas. mravalenovan da 

mravaleTnikur civilizebur 

samyaroSi, mxolod erT enaze 

orientireba ar iqneba saukeTeso 

gamosavali. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa 

da mecnierebis saministro 

multilingvuri ganaTlebis kuTxiT 

mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs 

axorcielebs. axali saswavlo 

wlidan saqarTvelos sxvadasxva 

regionis araqarTulenovan 40 

sapilote skolaSi multilingvuri 

swavlebis programebi 

inergeba, aRniSnuli siaxle miznad 

isaxavs ganaTlebis iseTi sistemis 

Seqmnas, romelic uzrunvelyofs 

eTnikuri umciresobebis srulfa- 


sovan integracias saxelmwifo 

enis Seswavlis gziT, agreTve 

saxelmwifo enis popularizacias. 

garda amisa, bi/multikulturuli 

ganaTlebis upiratesoba mdgomareobs 

imaSi, rom igi xels 

uwyobs moswavleebSi interkulturuli 

Cevevebisa da tolerantobis 

ganviTarebas, rac Zalian 

mniSvnelovania eTnikurad mravalferovan 

saqarTveloSi mSvidobiani 

TanacxovrebisaTvis. 

saerTaSoriso mkvlevrebis 

mier bilingvuri ganaTlebis 

programebis erTmaneTTan da 

monolingvur programebTan 

Sedarebis dros, ikveTeba Zlieri 

programebis efeqturobis sakiTxi. 

imersiis da mSobliuri enis 

SenarCunebis bilingvuri programebis 

Sefasebam aCvena `Zlieri~ 

bilingvuri programebis efeqturoba. 

aRniSnuli programebi 

uzrunvelyofen rogorc bilingvizmsa 

da ormag wignierebas, 

aseve maRal akademiur miRwevebs. 

imersiis bilingvuri ganaTleba


warmoadgens swored ,,Zlier~ 

bilingvur programas. 

termini ,,imersiuli ganaTleba~'aqtualuri 

gaxda kanadaSi 

1960-ian wlebSi, igi aRwerda 

inovaciur programas, romelSic 

franguli ena gamoiyeneboda, 

rogorc Sualeduri swavlebis ena 

dawyebiT skolaSi iseT 

moswavleebTan, romelTa mSobliuri 

enac iyo inglisuri. 

statiaSi ZiriTadad SevexebiT 

kanadur imersias, radgan swored 

kanadaSi Caeyara safuZveli 

mocemul programas. 

mcire istoriuli mimoxilva: 

1960-iani wlebis dasawyisi kanadis 

istoriaSi da, gansakuTrebiT, 

kvebekis olqisaTvis warmoadgens 

mniSvnelovan periods (genezi, 

1976). ,,Cumi revoluciis~'' saxeliT 

cnobili movlenebi didi 

struqturuli da RirebulebiTi 

cvlilebebis xelSemwyobi 

aRmoCnda kvebekis olqis 

frangulenovani mosaxleobisaTvis. 

ganaTlebis kuTxiT umniSvnelovanesi 

iyo regionaluri 

ganaTlebis saministros aRdgena 

da agreTve savaldebulo 

dawyebiTi da saSualo skolebis 

Seqmna. zogadad ,,Cum 

revoluciaSi~ SesamCnevia franguli 

enis gavlena, romelic 

yovelTvis mosdevda gabatonebul 

inglisur enas meore poziciaze, 

miuxedavad imisa, rom provinciis 

mosaxleobis 80% frangulenovani 

iyo da saubrobdnen mxolod 

frangulad. frangulma enam 

daiwyo legitimaciis moxveWa, 

rogorc sakomunikacio enam 

kvebekis cxovrebis yvela aspeqtSi 

da biznesSic ki, romelSic 

Zveleburad inglisuri ena 

dominirebda. 

inglisurenovanma sazogadoebam 

seriozuli yuradReba miaqcia 

am mdgomareobas. ZiriTadi 

yuradRebis sagani iyo franguli 

enis swavlebis efeqturoba 

inglisur skolebSi. inglisu- 

13 

renovan moswavleTa mSoblebi 

Zalian ukmayofiloni iyvnen 

Svilebis mier miRweuli dabali 

kompetenciebiT frangul enaSi. 

aRniSnuli dabali done 

SeiniSneboda sruli 12 klasis 

damTavrebis Semdegac ki. 

franguli enis mniSvnelobis 

gazrdis kvaldakval da arsebuli 

swavlebis araefeqturi meTodebis 

Sedegad, anglofon mSobelTa 

gaerTianebam daiwyo sxva 

alternativebis ganxilva meore 

enis Seswavlis arsebuli 

meTodebis kvaldakval (halperni, 

1979).M kvlevis dros mSoblebi 

Suamdgomlobdnen adgilobriv 

eqspertebTan; erT-erTi maTgani 

iyo monrealis nevrologiuri 

institutis warmomadgeneli 

vailder penfildi, romelmac 

saerTaSoriso aRiareba moipova 

naSromiT enisa da gonebis (tvinis) 

Sesaxeb; agreTve vales lamberti 

makgilis universitetidan, romlis 

mniSvnelovani naSromia ,,bilingvizmis 

socialuri fsiqologia~. 

maT erToblivad ganaviTares 

franguli imersiis programa. 

mocemuli jgufuri muSaobis 

Sedegad miRebuli imersiis 

programa, romelSic CarTulebi 

iyvnen mSoblebi, eqspertebi, 

maswavleblebi, mkvlevrebi da sxva 

specialistebi, TandaTanobiT 

gavrcelda mTeli kanadis 

masStabiT. Zalian mcirea iseTi 

socialuri sakiTxebi, romelSic 

gamovlinda aseTi nebayoflobiTi 

da erTiani aqtiuroba. 

jonsoni da sveini (1997) 

aRniSnavdnen, rom imersiul 

programaSi araferia principulad 

axali meore enis swavlebasTan 

dakavSirebiT. marTlac, formaluri 

ganaTlebis istorias Tu 

gadavxedavT, meore enis swavleba 

saSualo doneze xSirad iyo 

norma, vidre gamonaklisi. 

kanaduri franguli imersia 

warmoadgenda pirvel programas, 

romelic daqvemdebarebuli iyo 

xangrZliv kvlevasa da Sefasebaze.

14 

imersiuli programis mTavari 

niSnebi. 

sveinma da jonsonma (1997) 

gamoyves imersiis programebis 

ZiriTadi da cvladi 

maxasiaTeblebi: 

ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi: 

(1) meore ena aris 

swavlebis ena; 

(2) saswavlo gegma ar 

gansxvavdeba umravlesobis 

skolebis saswavlo gegmisgan; 

(3) skola mxars uWers 

moswavlis mier mSobliuri enis 

flobis ganviTarebas; 

(4) saxeze gvaqvs 

bilingvizmis Semmatebeli 

konteqsti; 

(5) meore enis gamoyeneba 

xdeba ZiriTadad saswavlo 

daniSnulebiT; 

(6) moswavleebs aqvT 

Tanabari meore enis kompetencia 

skolaSi Sesvlisas; 

(7) yvela maswavlebeli 

bilingvalia; 

(8) saklaso kultura 

SesabamisobaSia moswavleTa 

mSobliur kulturasTan. 

cvladi maxasiaTeblebi: 

(1) imersiis programa 

iwyeba sxvadasxva klasSi; 


aris sruli an nawilobrivi; 

(3) saswavlo sagnebze 

enebis gadanawileba gansxvavebulia 

klasebis mixedviT; 


SeiZleba moicavdes mxolod 

dawyebiT skolas, Tumca SeiZleba 

grZeldebodes sabazo da saSualo 

skolis safexurze da agreTve 

umaRles saswavlebelSic; 

(5) garantirebulia maswavlebelTa 

treningi, raTa maT 

uzrunvelyon moswavleTa umtkivneulod 

gadasvla mSobliuri 

enidan meore enaze; 

(6) gansxvavebulia saswavlo 

procesisTvis saWiro 

saswavlo resursebi da 


maswavleblis momzadebis xarisxi, 

raTa mas SeeZlos am saswavlo 

resursebis sworad gamoyeneba; 

(7) gansxvavebulia skolis 

administraciis, maswavleblebis, 

moswavleebisa da 

politikosebis mxardaWera 

imersiis programisadmi; 

(8) gansxvavebulia moswavleTa 

damokidebuleba meore enisa 

da kulturisadmi; 

(9) gansxvavebulia meore 

enis statusi; 

(10) imersiis programis 

warmatebis indikatorebi gansxvavebulia 

sxvadasxva programisTvis. 

imersiuli programebis 

Sedegebis mimoxilva 

franguli imersiis programebze 

Catarebuli kvlevebis 

safuZvelze miRebuli Sedegebi 

mimoxilulia mraval naSromSi 

(genezi, 1987; jonsoni da sveini, 

1997; lamberti da tiukeri, 1972; 

rebufoti, 1992; sveini da lapkini, 

1982) da uamrav JurnalSi 

statiebis saxiT (mag. sveini da 

lapkini, 1986). arsebobs franguli 

imersiis programebis ganxorcielebis 

sami varianti: adreuli 

imersia, romelic iwyeba 

skolamdeli ganaTlebis centrSi 

an pirvel klasSi. saSualo 

imersia, romelic iwyeba me-4 - me-5 

klasebSi da gviani imersia, 

romelic saTaves iRebs me-7 

klasidan. Yyvela maTgani 

xasiaTdeba samizne enis 

(frangulis) 50%-iani swavlebiT 

swavlebis adreul safexurebze. 

magaliTad, adreuli imersia 

Cveulebriv moicavs 100% 

franguls sabavSvo baRSi da 

pirvel klasSi, xolo inglisuri 

sagnebi TandaTanobiT Semodis me-2 

da me-3 klasebSi da zogierT 

SemTxvevaSi ufro gvianac _ me-4 

klasSi. me-5 da me-6 klasebSi 

sagnobrivi saaTebi Tanabrad 

iyofa orive enaze. daaxloebiT 40 

procentia franguli enis wili me


7, me-8 da me-9 klasebisaTvis, es 

procentuli maCvenebeli kidev 

ufro mcirdeba Semdgom klasebSi, 

radgan umaRles skolaSi 

saswavlo masalis didi nawili 

inglisur enazea mowodebuli 

moswavleebisaTvis. Sesabamisi da 

Tanmimdevruli aRmoCenebi mohyva 

franguli imersiis programis 

Sefasebas kanadis farglebSi. 

adreul imersiul programebSi 

moswavleebma gamoamJRavnes 

srulyofili codna da wigniereba 

frangulSi _ inglisurTan 

SedarebiT. inglisurenovani 

sagnebis SemosvlasTan erTad, 

erTi saswavlo wlis Semdeg 

moswavleebs ukve SeeZloT 

standartuli testis Sesruleba 

inglisur enaze. 

saocari is iyo, rom imersiaSi 

gaerTianebuli da Cveulebrivi 

inglisurenovani programebis 

moswavleTa mier testis 

Sesrulebis done iyo identuri 

(mexuTe klasisTvis). erTi 

potenciuri SezRudva am 

aRmoCenisa is aris, rom 

standartuli testebi ar 

gamoxatavs inglisuri enis codnis 

yvela aspeqts. specifikuri weriTi 

unarebis ganviTareba ver fasdeba 

aseTi tipis testebiT. Tumca 

ramdenime swavlebis tipis 

gamoyenebiT Catarebulma gamocdam, 

sadac Semowmda inglisuri weris 

ganviTarebis done, aCvena, rom am 

kuTxiT raime saxis darRveva ar 

aRiniSneba (sveini, 1975); agreTve ar 

aris aRmoCenili raime saxis 

darRveva sagnis dauflebasTan 

dakavSirebiT franguli imersiis 

arc erTi programis SemTxvevaSi. 

kvlevam aCvena, rom 

moswavleTa aTvisebis unari 

ukeTesad aris ganviTarebuli 

(mSobliur enaze mosaubreebTan 

SedarebiT), vidre maTi gamoxatvis 

unarebi. dawyebiTi skolis 

damTavrebisaTvis moswavleebi 

axlos arian mSobliur enaze 

mosaubreebTan sasaubro da weriTi 

unarebis TvalsazrisiT, Tumca 

15 

arsebobs mniSvnelovani nakli, 

romelic gamoixateba enis 

gramatikul aspeqtebSi (kuminsi, 

1996). 

zemoT CamoTvlili avtorebi 

aRweren imersiuli ganaTlebis 

sakvanZo sakiTxebs farTo WrilSi 

msoflios qveynebis masStabiT. maT 

daaskvnes, rom imersiuli 

ganaTlebis xelsayrel pirobebSi 

adgili aqvs mTel rig 

upiratesobebs. kvlevis Tanaxmad, 

es aris damatebiTi bilingvizmi, 

kulturuli, fsiqologiuri da 

kognituri upiratesobebi. 

franguli imersiis 

ganxorcielebis problemuri 

areebi 

gansxvaveba moswavleTa mier 

codnis aTvisebasa da gadmocemis 

unarebs Soris SeiZleba gagebuli 

iyos frangebTan interaqciis 

simciris konteqstSi da agreTve 

mwiri frangulenovani saklaso 

garemos gaTvaliswinebiT. gadmocemis 

unaris ganviTarebisken 

mimarTulia iseTi skolebi, 

romlebic mTlianad franguli 

imersiis programas axorcieleben, 

gansxvavebiT im skolebisgan, sadac 

mxolod erT nakadSi xorcieldeba 

franguli imersia. 

damatebiTi problema, romelic 

axasiaTebs adreul frangul 

imersias, aris misi dawyebis 

momentTan SedarebiT moswavleTa 

programidan amovardnis maRali 

done, rac ganpirobebulia 

akademiuri an qceviTi faqtorebiT. 

programidan amovardnis yvela 

SemTxveva ar aris gamowveuli 

akademiuri siZneleebiT, Tumca 

kipi, ganixilavs ra kvlevis 

Sedegebs, adgens, rom akademiuri 

da qceviTi siZneleebi warmoadgens 

mTavar faqtors, romelic 

ganapirobebs regularul inglisur 

programaze gadasvlas. 

aRniSnuli problemebidan 

orives dakavSireba SegviZlia 

pedagogikis im tipTan, romelic 

damaxasiaTebelia adreuli

16 

franguli imersiuli programisTvis, 

Tumca ar aris saWiro 

sxva qveynebSic imave programebis 

gadatana (biorklandi, 1997). 

maswavleblisa da moswavlis 

urTierTobaze dayrdnobiT, 

adreuli franguli imersiis dros 

gakeTda daskvna: aseTi klasebis 

umravlesoba maswavlebelze 

orientirebulia da, ase vTqvaT, 

,,transmisiulia~, anu xdeba codnis 

gadacemaze fokusireba (kuminsi, 

1996). sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, 

maswavleblebi orientirebulni 

arian kurikulumiT gaTvaliswinebuli 

masala ise gadascen 

moswavleebs, rom moswavleebs 

hqondeT frangul enaSi weriTi Tu 

sametyvelo unarebis gamovlenis 

minimaluri saSualeba da 

SezRudulebi arian agreTve 

kreatiuli azrovnebisa da 

problemis gadaWrisken mimarTuli 

aqtivobebisgan. (harli, 1991; 

vilsoni da konoki, 1982). 1980 

wlamde uaRresad mwirad iyo 

warmodgenili korporatiuli da 

proeqtebze dafuZnebuli swavleba, 

vidre es damaxasiaTebeli iyo 

regularul inglisuri programebisaTvis. 

garda amisa, imersiuli 

programis moswavleebs aReniSnebodaT 

SemoqmedebiTi weris mxriv 

SezRudva da agreTve ufro mwirad 

kiTxulobdnen originalur 

frangul literaturas, vidre 

moswavleebi regularuli inglisuri 

programebidan. 

pedagogikis CarCo imersiuli 

programebisTvis 

avtori aRniSnavs, rom ori 

ZiriTadi problema, romelic 

axasiaTebs da gamoikveTa kanadaSi 

franguli imersiis danergvisas 

(arazusti frangulenovani unarebi 

da maRali amovardnis maCvenebeli 

zogierT konteqstSi) SeiZleba 

mivakuTvnoT gadacemaze orientirebul 

pedagogiur midgomas, 

romelic miRebulia imersiul 

programebSi. rodesac maswavleb- 


lebs ekiTxebian, Tu ratom ar 

nergaven isini ufro kooperatiul 

swavlebas da proeqtebze dafuZnebul 

strategiebs, maswavleblebi 

gamoxataven SeSfoTebas imasTan 

dakavSirebiT, rom moswavleebi 

aseTi qmedebebisas gamoiyeneben 

inglisur enas. moswavleTa mier 

pirveli enis gamoyeneba aRqmulia, 

rogorc imersiis ZiriTadi 

winapirobis darRveva. 

maswavleblebi iSviaTad 

rTaven nebas moswavleebs, rom maT 

gamoiyenon pirveli ena 

(inglisuri) sxvadasxva aqtivobisas, 

aseve diskusiebisa da 

pirveladi gegmebis Sedgenisas, im 

pirobiT, rom saboloo naSromi 

Tu sxva proeqti iyos samizne 

enaze Sesrulebuli. 

enebis danawevrebis principi 

da pirdapiri meTodiT swavlebis 

niSnebi iZleva iseT Sedegebs 

imersiul programebSi, sadac 

pedagogika naklebad SemecnebiTi 

da kreatiuli xdeba. optimaluri 

kognituri progresis miRwevisaTvis 

da Sinagani motivaciis 

gazrdisaTvis saWiroa interaqcia 

maswavlebelsa da moswavles 

Soris. imisaTvis, rom studentebma 

miaRwion umaRles dones meore 

enaSi (Sesabamis safexurze), 

saswavlo gegmaSi unda iyos 

Sesabamisi konteqstualuri 

mxardaWera amisaTvis. aRniSnuli 

konteqstualuri mxardaWera 

gamoiyeneba ara mxolod imersiul 

programebSi, aramed yvela 

Sinaarsze dafuZnebul da 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis situaciaSi. 

igi moicavs Semdegs: 

moswavlisTvis prioritetuli 

codnis gaaqtiureba 

da ukana planze arsebuli 

codnis mSenebloba (sadac 

saWiroa, pirveli enis 

gamoyenebiT); 

saswavlo procesis 

modificireba imisaTvis, rom 

moxdes informaciuli 

siWarbe swavlebaSi (mag.: 

perifrazebis, gameorebis,


demonstrirebis, Jestebis 

gamoyenebiT); 

grafikuli maorganizeblebis 

gamoyeneba, raTa 

gadmoices konceptualuri 

Sinaarsi; 

praqtikuli aqtivobebi 

Sinaarsobrivad datvirTul 

sagnebSi, rogoric aris 

sabunbismetyvelo 

mecnierebebi, maTematika da 

sazogadoebrivi 

mecnierebebi; 

saerTo swavleba da 

proeqtebze dafuZnebuli 

sxvagvari samuSaoebi, rac 

waaxalisebs moswavleebs, 

raTa maT gamoimuSaon da 

SeiZinon ufro meti axali 

codna, vidre iyvnen mxolod 

informaciis momxmarebelni; 

kompiuteruli teqnologiebis, 

rogorc ,,kulturuli 

gamaZliereblis~, SemoqmedebiTad 

gamoyeneba (mag.: 

eleqtronuli enciklopediis 

an saerTaSoriso 

qselis gamoyeneba, agreTve 

monacemTa analizis programebis 

gamoyeneba proeqtebze 

muSaobisas, agreTve 

monaTesave klasebTan urTierToba 

distanciuri gakve- 

Tilebis dros, videokamerebis 

gamoyeneba da videoteqstebis 

Seqmna, realuri 

auditoriis imitacia 

bilingvuri proeqtebis 

ganxorcielebisas.); 

zemoT CamoTvlil 

mravalferovan JanrebSi 

werisa da kiTxvis 

integrireba. 

faqtobrivad, yvela enaTmecnieri 

Tanxmdeba, rom enis 

aTvisebis mTavar pirobas 

warmoadgens samizne enaze 

gasagebi Sinaarsis wvdoma. 

enaTmecnierebi aseve miuTiTeben 

sxva rolebze, rogoric aris 

enis formaluri Taviseburebebi, 

swavlebis efeqturi 

strategiebis ganviTareba, 

17 

agreTve samizne enis 

faqtobrivi gamoyeneba. gasagebi 

Sinaarsis interpretireba unda 

moxdes ara mxolod zustad, 

sityvasityviT gagebuli, aramed 

is unda gadaizardos kritikul 

wignierebaSi, sadac moswavleebi 

miRebul codnas 

daukavSireben sakuTar codnas, 

gamocdilebas, kritikulad 

gaiazreben teqsts da diskusiis 

Sedegad miRebul daskvnebs 

gamoiyeneben raime proeqtisTvis 

(videos Seqmna, leqsis an eses 

dawera specifikur Temaze). enis 

gacnobierebis procesis ganvi- 

Tareba moicavs ara mxolod 

enis formalur aspeqtebze 

koncentrirebas, aramed sxvagvari 

aqtivobis ganxorcielebas 

da proeqtebs, romlebic 

mowodebuli iqneba moswavleTa 

meore enis codnis 

gaRrmavebisken da maTSi multilingvuri 

fenomenis gaRvivebisken. 

gTavazobT aqtivobebis 

CamonaTvals: 

enobrivi sistemis struqtura 

(mag: kavSiri 

gamoTqmasa da marTlweras 

Soris, gramatika, leqsikoni 

da a.S); 

sxvadasxva musikaluri da 

literaturuli formebis 

urTierTSexameba (mag.: repi, 

poezia, beletristika, haiku, 

baladebi da a.S.); 

werilobiTi an zepirsityvieri 

damajerebeli gzavnilebis 

Seqmnis organizeba 

(mag.: oratoruli metyveleba, 

gavleniani werilobiTi 

dokumentebi, politikuri 

Teoriebi, reklamebi 

da a.S); 

enis gamoyenebis mravalferovneba 

monolingvur da 

multilingvur konteqstSi, 

koduri gadarTvebi bilingvuri 

urTierTobis dros. 

CamoTvlili sakiTxebi 

metyvelebs imaze, rom meore 

enis codna abstraqtuli da

18 

trivialuri darCeba, Tu 

moswavleebs ar eqnebaT 

sakuTari identobisa da codnis 

gamoxatvis saSualeba am enaze. 

unda Seiqmnas auTenturi 

auditoria, rac, Tavis mxriv, 

moswavleTa motivirebas 

gamoiwvevs rogorc werilobiT, 

ise zepirsityvieri saxiT azris 

gamoxatvaSi. 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis 

imersiis formis saqarTveloSi 

danergvis perspeqtivebi 

statiaSi ganxiluli 

sakiTxebidan gamomdinare, 

aSkaraa bilingvuri ganaTlebis 

,,Zlieri~'programebis upiratesoba 

sust programebTan 

SedarebiT. agreTve TvalsaCinoa 

bilingvizmis damatebiTi 

gamamdidrebeli 

principis ganxilva imersiis 

programasTan mimarTebiT. 

Tumca, meore mxriv, ganxilul 

problemur areebSi warmo- 

Cenelia erTi umTavresi 

problema, romelic pedagogebs 

da pedagogiur meTodebs 

ukavSirdeba. saqarTveloSi 

danergvis procesSia multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis iseTi 

efeqturi programebi, romlebic 

uzrunvelyofen saxelmwifo 

enis Seswavlas. saqarTvelos 

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis 

saministro orientirebas ake- 

Tebs bilingvuri ganaTlebis 

,,Zlier~'' programebze, rac 

Zalian sasiamovnoa. Tumca, 

amgvar `Zlier~ programebs 

Soris im 40 sapilote skolaSi, 

romlebic ganaTlebisa da 

mecnierebis saministrom 

SearCia, imersiis modeli ar 

SeurCeviaT. es sxvadasxva 

gaqtoriTaa ganpirobebuli: 

umTavresi mainc isaa, rom 

qveynis umravlesobis 

(qarTvelebis) warmomadgenlebi 

am kompaqturad gansaxlebis 

regionebSi Tavad warmoadgenen 

enobriv umciresobas; am 

TvalsazrisiT, saintereso 

vitarebaa afxazeTis avtonomiur 

respulikaSi, sadac, 

saqarTvelos konstituciiT, 

afxazuri, qarTulTan ertad, 

saxelmwifo enis statusiT 

sargeblobs. vfiqrobT, 

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis 

saministrom unda gadadgas 

nabijebi afxazeTis ganaTlebis 

saministrosTan 

TanamSromlobiT, raTa 

afxazeTidan iZulebiT 

gadaadgilebul pirebs 

(romelTa umravlesobac 

qarTulenovania) mieceT 

saSualeba, qarTulTan erTad, 

afxazuric CarTon swavlebis 

enad – anu, aiRon Zlieri 


imersiuli modeli. rasakvirvelia, 

gasaTvaliswinebelia 

iseTi mniSvnelovani faqtorebi, 

rogoricaa saskolo garemo, 

Temisa da mSoblebis 

CarTuloba da mTlianad 

ganaTlebis swori politikis 

dagegmva. SegaxsenebT, rom 

kanadaSic ki, sadac safuZveli 

Caeyara imersias da arsebobda 

yvela piroba programis 

ganxorcielebisaTvis _ araswori 

midgomebis gamo, adgili 

hqonda Cavardnebs... 

daskvna 


bilingvuri skolebis marTva 

rTulia, radgan enobrivi 

ganzomileba damatebiT mniSvnelovan 

rols TamaSobs. Sesabamisad, 

moiTxovs damatebiT Zalisxmevas 

moswavleTa dajgufebis, saswavlo 

gegmis momzadebis, maswavlebelTa 

gadamzadebisa da saswavlo 

resursebiT uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT. 

agreTve saWiroebs 

mSobelTa ufro met CarTulobas da 

xSirad asistentTa institutis 

SemoRebas skolis farglebSi. 

mniSvnelovani kavSiri unda


myardebodes enisa da sagnis 

aTvisebas Soris. aseT pirobebSi 

maswavleblis profesionalizmsa da 

skolis xelmZRvanelobisa da 

administraciis efeqturobas udidesi 

roli eniWeba da gansazRvravs 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis nebismieri 

modelis efeqturobas (beikeri, 2010). 

Tanamedrove epoqaSi, rodesac 

informacia da sainformacio 

wyaroebi arnaxulad izrdeba, 

globalur marketingSi moRvawe 

biznes kompaniebi did moTxovnilebas 

acxadeben iseT kadrebis mimarT, 

romlebsac ZaluZT informaciis 

mogroveba wignebis, Jurnalebis da 

monacemTa bazebis saSualebiT da 

romlebsac SeuZliaT aRniSnuli 

mopovebuli informaciis kritikuli 

analizi, maTi relevantobisa da 

validobis Sefaseba, mocemuli 

informaciis saSualebiT samsaxurebrivi 

problemebis gadaWra da 

kolegialobis unaris gamoCena 

gansxvavebul kulturul, rasistul 

da lingvistur WrilSi. dame- 

TanxmebiT, warmatebulad ganxorci- 

elebuli ,,Zlieri~'bilingvuri programebi 

mowodebulia imisaTvis, rom 

upasuxos aseT gamowvevebs. 

saqarTveloSi dResdReobiT 

imersiis programebi ar muSaobs. 

rasakvirvelia, amgvari Zlieri 

bilingvuri programis amoqmedeba 

sasurvelia, Tumca rigi faqtorebis 

gamo, dResdReobiT saxelmwifo Tavs 

ikavebs ganaTlebis xsenebul modelze; 

Tumca, vfiqrobT, imersiis 

programa warmatebiT imuSavebs 

afxazeTidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul 

pirTa skolebSi, romlebic 

dRes afxazeTis ganaTlebis 

saministros daqvemdebarebaSia: 

saqarTvelos konstituciiT, afxazuri 

(umciresobis ena) saxelmwifo 

enis statusiT sargeblobs 

afxazeTis teritoriaze. imersiis 

programis amoqmedeba am skolebSi 

mravalmxriv sasargeblo iqneba 

rogorc enobrivi, aseve sociokulturuli 

da eTnofsiqologiuri 

TvalsazrisiT. 

literatura 

beikeri, 2006 - k. beikeri, bilingvizmisa da bilingvuri ganaTlebis safuZvlebi. 

,,samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centris’’ 

2010 wlis qarTuli versiis gamocema. 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis debulebis proeqti, saqarTvelos 

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, 2009. 

genezi, 1976 - Genesee, F. English writing skills of students in French immersion programs.Canadian 

Journal of Education, 1, 1-18., 1976b. 

genezi, 1987 - Genesee, F. Learning through two language; 1987 

genezi, 2007 - Genesee, F. Literacy outcomes in French immersion. Encyclopedia of 

Language and Literacy Development (pp. 1-8). London, ON: Canadian Language and Literacy 

Research Network, 2007. 

kuminsi, 1998 _ Jim Cummins- Immersion Education for the Millenium: What we have learned from 

30 years of reaserch on second language immersion, 1998. 

peresi, 2004 _ Pérez Bertha - Becoming Billiterate: A study of Two-Way Bilingual Immersion 

Education. 2004. 

Sepsoni, 2004 _ Shapson, S. & D'Oyley , V._ Bilingual and Multicultural Education: Canadian 

Perspectives, 2004. 

19

20 

Irina Bagauri 

Immersion Bilingual Education – The Response to Global Education 

Philosophy’s Challenges 

ABSTRACT 


The present article aims to introduce the readers to,, Immersion’’ bilingual education, 

which represents the ,,strong’’ and maintenance program of bilingual education. The 

introduction describes the historical background of ,,immersion’’, as a program of 

bilingual education. The main focus is made on Canadian Immersion, because 

,,Immersion’’ originated in Canada. In the next part of the article the problem areas 

of French immersion programs are discussed. It gives an overview of the framework 

for appropriate pedagogy in Immersion programs. The final part of the article 

presents the advantages of Immersion programs and analyses the perspectives of the 

implementation of this program in Georgia.


mzia wereTeli 

walkis raionSi arsebuli jgufTaSorisi urTierTobebis 

fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis sakiTxisaTvis 

statia eyrdnoba rusTavelis fondis proeqtis "usafrTxoebis eTnikuri 

aspeqtebi polieTnikur sazogadoebaSi" farglebSi am raionSi Catarebuli 

kvlevis masalebs. 

abstraqti 

statiaSi ganxilulia walkis raionis mosaxleobis socialurfsiqologiuri 

da kulturuli klimatis Taviseburebebi, aq mcxovreb 

sxvadasxva eTnikur jgufTa urTierTobebis specifika da maTi 

gavlena saxelmwifo enis aTvisebaze. klveva ganxorcielebulia 

intervius meTodiT. klvevam gamoavlina sxvadasxva eTnikur jgufTa 

sazogadoebrivi integraciis xelisSemsleli faqtorebi, romelTa 

Soris erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis 

saerTo sakomunikacio enis ar arseboba. qarTul enas mxolod 

saxelmwifo enis formaluri statusi aqvs, radgan mosaxleobis didi 

nawili mxolod sakuTar enas flobs. arakeTilsaimedo socialurfsiqologiuri 

klimati ki qarTuli enis swavlis erT-erT 

mniSvnelovan barierad gvevlineba. 

saqarTveloSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis 

Camoyalibebisa da misi 

ganviTarebisTvis metad mniSvnelovani 

pirobaa saqarTveloSi 

mcxovrebi sxvadasxva eTnikur 

jgufTa sazogadoebrivi integracia. 

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am procesSi, 

sxva faqtorebTan erTad, gadamwyveti 

roli aqvs saerTo sakomunikacio 

enis arsebobas, romlis funqciasac, 

cxadia, saxelmwifo ena unda 

asrulebdes. amdenad, araqarTulenovani 

mosaxleobisTvis saxelmwifo 

enis swavleba qveynis ganvi- 

TarebisTvis aucilebeli umniSvnelovanesi 

amocanaa. miznis 

misaRwevad ganaTlebisa da 

mecnierebis saministrom dargis 

ucxoel da adgilobriv eqspertebTan 

erTad SeimuSava specialuri 

politikis dokumenti, rac, ra Tqma 

21 

unda, myar politikur da 

sakanonmdeblo safuZvels qmnis 

saqarTvelos multieTnikur regionebSi 

qarTuli enis Seswavlis 

specialuri programebis realizaciisTvis. 

skolisa Tu ufro 

farTo sazogadoebis doneze 

SemuSavebuli sxvadasxva programebis 

efeqtiani danergvisTvis mniSvnelovania 

swavla-swavlebis komponentebis 

srulyofa, kvalificiur 

pedagogebis momzadeba, maRali 

xarisxis saswavlo programebis da 

saxelmZRvaneloebis SemuSaveba. 

Tumca, procesis warmatebuli 

realizaciisTvis aucilebelia 

agreTve multieTnikur regionebSi 

socialur-fsiqologiuri da kulturuli 

klimatis gaTvaliswinebac. 

sazogadoebis damokidebulebebi da 

ganwyobebi meore enisadmi, misi

22 

aTvisebis motivaciis xasiaTi da 

siZliere, agreTve, sazogadoebaSi 

arsebuli interpersonaluri 

urTierTobebi da eTnikuri stereotipebi 

xSirad gadamwyvet rols 

asruleben meore enis aTvisebis 

warmateba-warumateblobaSi (gasi, 

selinkeri, 2001, vukfolki, 2007). 

winamdebare klvevis mizans 

warmoadgens walkis raionis 

mosaxleobis socialur-fsiqologiuri 

da kulturuli klimatis 

Seswavla da saxelmwifo enis 

aTvisebaze moqmedi faqtorebis 

Sefaseba. 

walkis raioni istoriulad 

saqarTvelos multieTnikur kuTxes 

warmoadgens. aq saxlobdnen 

gansxvavebuli religiisa da 

eTnikuri kulturis xalxebi: 

berZnebi, qarTvelebi, azrebaijanlebi 

da sxv. bolo drois saqarTveloSi 

ganxorcielebuli politikuri, 

bunebrivi da socialur-ekonomikuri 

cvlilebebis zegavleniT, es kuTxe 

kidev ufro metad daitvirTa 

mravaleTnikurobis TvalsazrisiT. aq 

mosaxle berZnebis didma nawilma 

datova sakuTari miwebi da 

sacxovreblad saberZneTSi gadavida. 

meore mxriv ki, saqarTvelos 

mTavrobam aq Camoasaxla bunebrivi 

kataklizmebis Sedegad dazaralebuli 

da usaxlkarod darCenili 

svanebi da aWarlebi. amgvarad, 

eTnikuri da kompesiuri TvalsazrisiT 

isedac mravalferovani 

suraTi ekomigrantebis CamosaxlebiT 

kidev ufro Wreli gaxda. 

amasTan, gansxvavebuli aRmo- 

Cnda sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis 

socialur-ekonomikuri statusic. 

berZnebis umravlesobam qveyana ki 

datova, magram sakuTrebaSi 

SeinarCuna kar-midamo da miwebi, 

xolo axalmosaxleTa (ekomigrantTa) 


umravlesobas sakuTrebaSi arc 

saxli da arc miwa ar gaaCnia. 

rogorc cnobilia, Zalauflebis, 

resursebisa da SesaZleblobebis 

araTanabari ganawileba 

SesaZlo eTnikuri daZabulobis 

wyaros warmoadgens. SesaZlo riskfaqtorebs 

miekuTvneba sxvadasxva 

eTnikur jgufebs Soris enobrivi, 

religiuri da tradiciuli 

kulturis gansxvavebulobac. 

eTnikuri daZabuloba fsiqologiur 

doneze vlindeba eTnikur 

jgufebs Soris interesebisa da 

Sexedulebebis gansvlaSi, sakuTari 

da sxva jgufis urTierTdapirispirebul 

stereotipebSi, 

eTnocentrul atribuciasa da 

uaryofiT ganwyobebSi. 

jgufTaSorisi aRqmis erT-erT 

mniSvnelovan meqanizms Sidajgufuri 

favoritizmi warmoadgens. igi 

gulisxmobs sakuTari jgufisadmi 

da misi wevrebisadmi keTilganwyobas 

da maTTvis upiratesobis miniWebas 

sxva jgufebTan da maT wevrebTan 

SedarebiT (stefanenko, 2004) 

Sidajgufuri favoritizmis 

yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa 

egocentrizmi. es aris movlenebis 

iseTi xedva, romlis drosac 

sakuTari jgufi yvelafris centrSia, 

sxva jgufebi ganixileba sakuTar 

jgufTan mimarTebiT da fasdeba 

masze dayrdnobiT. 

Tanamedrove mkvlevrebi ganixilaven 

egocentrizms, rogorc 

adamianebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel 

Tvisebas, àRiqvan da Seafason 

cxovrebiseuli movlenebi sakuTari 

eTnikuri jgufis tradiciebisa da 

faseulobebis prizmaSi, romelic 

miCneulia rogorc etaloni an 

optimumi~(maiersi, 2000, stefanenko, 

2004).


bruneri da kempbeli gamoyofen 

egocentrizmis Semdeg ZiriTad 

maxasiaTeblebs: 

1. sakuTari kulturis elementebis 

_ normebisa da 

faseulobebis, rogorc bunebrivisa 

da sworis, aRqma, 

xolo sxva kulturis elementebisa 

– rogorc arabunebrivisa 

da arasworisa. 

2. sakuTari jgufis adaTwesebis 

universalurad miCneva. 

3. Sexeduleba imis Taobaze, 

rom adamianisaTvis normaluria 

sakuTari jgufis 

wevrTan TanamSromloba, misi 

daxmareba, misTvis upiratesobis 

miniWeba, misiT 

siamaye, misi ndoba da sxva 

jgufebisadmi undobloba da 

mtrobac ki. 

aucilebeli ar aris samive 

maxasiaTeblis erTdrouli arseboba 

imisaTvis, rom egocenrizms hqondes 

adgili. iq, sadac aris mesame 

maxasiaTebeli, adgili aqvs 

egocentrizmsac. 

egocnetrizms, rogorc socialurfsiqologiur 

movlenas, aqvs rogorc 

dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi mxareebi. 

erTi mxriv, igi xels uwyobs jgufis 

mTlianobis identobisa da 

specifikurobis SenarCunebas, magram, 

meore mxriv, xSirad jgufTaSoris 

urTierTobis barierad gvevlineba. 

cnobilia, rom egocentrizmi da 

misi negatiuri mxare gansakuTrebuli 

simZafriT vlindeba e.w. mcire erebSi, 

eTnikur umciresobebSi an eTnikur 

migrantebSi. movlenas aZlierebs 

socialuri faqtorebi, gansakuTrebiT 

ki sxva jgufebTan 

SedarebiT dabali socialuri 

statusi an konfliqti. 

Tumca, jgufebisa da maTi 

wevrebis egocentrizmi SeiZleba 

sxvadasxva siZlieriT iyos 

23 

gamovlenili, magram yvela 

SemTxvevaSi igi SeiZleba 

ganvixiloT, rogorc Teoriuli 

kontiniumi ori ukiduresi polusiT. 

igi gamoxatavs diferenciacias 

urTierTmimarTebaSi. 

jgufTaSorisi diferenciaciis 

indikatorad gvevlineba polaruli 

xatebi, rodesac konfliqturi 

jgufebi sakuTar Tavs miaweren 

mxolod pozitiur Tvisebebs, xolo 

dapirispirebul jgufs ki – mxolod 

uaryofiT Tvisebebs. cnobilia e.w. 

sarkiseburi aRqmis fenomenic, 

rodesac dapirispirebul jgufs 

miewereba sakuTari jgufisTvis 

miwerili dadebiTi Tvisebebis 

sapirispiro uryofiTi Tvisebebi. 

rac ufro Sorsaa jgufebis mier 

gamoTqmuli poziciebi Tu 

Sefasebebi centridan, miT ufro 

Zlieria jgufebs Soris 

dapirispireba da piriqiT, rac ufro 

axlosaa jgufebis mier gamoTqmuli 

poziciebi da Sefasebebikontiniumis 

centridan, miT ufro naklebia 

jgufTa Soris daZabuloba da, 

Sesabamisad, metad misaRebia 

erTmaneTi. 

jgufTaSorisi diferenciaciis 

ZiriTad meqanizmad miCneulia 

stereotipizacia da atribuciuli 

procesebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac 

individis Tvisebebi, misi qceva da 

miRwevebi axsnilia jgufuri 

mikuTvnebulobis safuZvelze. 

socialuri stereotipebi _ es 

aris socialuri obieqtebis 

gamartivebuli, sqematuri xatebi, 

romlebic saerToa jgufis wevrTa 

didi umravlesobisTvis. stereotipebis 

aTviseba adreuli 

bavSvobidan iwyeba da Cveulebriv, 

maT safuZvels warmoadgens ara 

uSualo gamocdileba, aramed e.w. 

meoradi wyaroebi. sxva socialur 

stereotipTa Soris adamianebs aqvT 

eTnikuri stereotipebic – eTnikuri

24 

jgufebis gamartivebuli xatebi. 

iseve, rogorc sxva tipis socialur 

stereotipebs, eTnikur stereotipebsac 

axasiaTebT misi matarebeli 

jgufis wevrebs Soris maRali 

xarisxis gavrcelebuloba 

(sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Tanxmobis 

maRali xarisxi). amdenad, eTnikuri 

stereotipebis gamosavlenad metad 

efeqturia e.w. `TvisebaTa miweris~ 

meTodis gamoyeneba, romelic 

sakuTari an sxva eTnikuri 

jgufebisTvis garkveuli Tvisebebis 

miwerasa da maTi gavrcelebis 

xarisxis SefasebaSi mdgomareobs. 

mkvlevrebi gamoyofen stereotipizaciis 

sam ZiriTad funqcias. es 

aris fsiqologiuri, socialurfsiqologiuri 

da socialuri 

funqciebi. fsiqologiuri funqciis 

arsi fsiqikuri ekonomizmis 

principSi mdgomareobs, rac 

gulisxmobs minimaluri kognituri 

danaxarjebiT maqsimaluri informaciis 

gadamuSavebas socialuri 

samyarosa da misi movlenebis Sesaxeb 

da maTi Sinaarsis gaadvilebul 

wvdomas. 

stereotipebis socialurfsiqologiuri 

funqcia ki 

jgufTaSoris diferenciaciaSi 

mdgomareobs. igi vlindeba sakuTari 

jgufis sasargeblod gakeTebuli 

Sefasebebis saxiT da xels uwyobs 

pozitiuri jgufuri identobis 

SenarCunebas. swored amitom, 

avtostereotipebi, Cveulebriv, ufro 

pozitiuria, vidre – heterostereotipebi. 

stereotipizaciis 

socialur funqcias ki warmoadgens, 

erTi mxriv, jgufebs Soris arsebuli 

urTierTobebis da maTi mizezebis 

axsna da, meore mxriv, arsebuli 

jgufTaSorisi urTierTobebis 

gamarTleba. orive maTgani emsaxureba 

arsebuli urTierTobebis SenarCunebas. 


eTnikuri stereotipebis erTerT 

umniSvnelovanes Tvisebas 

warmoadgens garkveuli Sinaarsis 

matareblobasTan erTad maTi 

emociur-SefasebiTi xasiaTi. sxvagvarad 

rom vTqvaT, stereotipebSi da 

maT Soris _ eTnikur stereotipebSic 

_ erTiandeba kognituri da emociur- 

SefasebiTi komponenti. emociur- 

SefasebiTi komponenti damokidebulebis, 

mimRebloba-miuReblobis 

xarisxs (rogoricaa simpaTia, 

siZulvili, siyvaruli, mowoneba an 

ubralod _ mimRebloba-miuRebloba) 

gamoxatavs, xolo kognituri ki – 

Sinaarss. aqedan gamomdinare, 

garkveuli Sinaarsis mqone 

stereotipis emociur-SefasebiTi 

komponenti SesaZlebelia pozitiuri 

an negatiuri muxtis matarebeli 

iyos. 

fiqsi gamoyofs siZulvilis 

stereotips, romelic, Cveulebriv, 

miewereba ùcxo~, `sxva~ 

dabalstatusian da arakompetentur 

jgufebs, romlebic amavdroulad 

fasdeba, rogorc `civi~ jgufi. 

fiqsis azriT, sakuTari jgufis 

mimarT, Cveulebriv, vlindeba 

àRfrTovanebis~ stereotipi, romlis 

mixedviTac am jgufs miewereba 

kompetenturoba, maRali statusi da 

`siTbo~. magram garda pozitiuri da 

negatiuri stereotipebisa, arsebobs 

aseve Surisa da paternalizmis e.w. 

ambivalenturi stereotipebic. Suri 

axasiaTebs urTierTobebs 

maRalstatusian, kompetentur, magram 

`civ~ jgufebTan. paternalizmi ki 

urTierTobebs dabalstatusian, 

arakompetentur, magram `Tbil~ 

jgufebTan. 

amgvarad, pozitiurad damuxtuli 

SeiZleba iyos ara mxolod 

`sakuTari~ jgufis stereotipebi, 

aramed im `sxva~ jgufebisac, 

romlebic ar iwveven safrTxis 

grZnobas, imis gamo, rom arsebobs


sakuTari ZaliT gamowveuli 

usafrTxoebis SegrZneba. im jgufebis 

mimarT ki, romelTaganac safrTxe 

momdinareobs, SesaZlebelia gamovlindes 

erTdroulad Suri da 

pativiscema. 

eTnikuri stereotipebis meore 

mniSvnelovan Tvisebad iTvleba 

mdgradoba axali informaciisadmi. 

eTnikuri informaciis stabiloba 

dadasturebulia araerTi empiriuli 

kvlevis safuZvelze. dadgenilia, rom 

maTi cvlileba, Cveulebriv, nela da 

TanmimdevrobiT mimdinareobs. 

stereotipebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia 

agreTve maRali xarisxis 

Tanxmoba, anu `socialuri 

konsensusi~ _ stereotipis matarebel 

jgufSi SexedulebaTa Tanxvedris 

maRali xarisxi. stereotipis kidev 

erTi Tvisebaa uzustoba. 

stereotipebze zegavlenas axdenen 

realuri eTnikuri urTierTobebi. am 

urTierTobebis xasiaTi _ Tanam- 

Sromloba Tu moqiSpeoba, dominireba 

Tu damorCilileba, mniSvnelovanwilad 

ganapirobebs eTnikuri 

stereotipis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs: 

Sinaarss, mimarTulebas, keTilganwyobis 

xarisxs da sizustesac ki. 

sxvadsxva eTnikuri jgufebis 

urTierTobebSi arsebuli problemebis 

erT-erTi mizezi isaa, rom maT 

ar esmiT erTmaneTis qcevis mizezebi 

da amitom akeTeben mcdar Sefasebebs. 

mravalricxovani kvlevebis Sedegad, 

romlebic Catarda rogorc 

individualur, aseve jgufTaSorisi 

urTierTobebis doneze, dadginda, 

rom `sakuTari~ jgufis pozitiuri 

da `sxva~ jgufis negatiuri qcevis 

mizezad miiCneva Sinagani, pirovnuli 

faqtorebi. xolo `sakuTari~ jgufis 

negatiuri qcevebi da `sxvisi~ jgufis 

pozitiuri qcevebi aixsneba garegani, 

garemos faqtorebis zegavleniT. 

aseTi atribuciebi, romelTa 

saSualebiTac aixsneba agreTve 

25 

`sakuTari~ da `sxvisi~ jgufis 

warmateba da warumatebloba 

cnobilia eTnocentruli atribuciebis 

saxeliT. 

amgvarad, fsiqologiaSi dadgenilia 

(maiersi, 2000, stefanenko, 2004, 

fsiqologia da kultura, 2003), rom 

arsebobs `sakuTari~ da `sxva~ 

jgufis da misi wevrebis Sefasebisas 

asimetria, romelic vlindeba 

maTTvis rogorc konkretuli 

Tvisebebis (pirovnuli 

maxasiaTeblebis) miweris doneze, 

aseve maTi pozitiuri Tu negatiuri 

qcevis axsnis donezec. amasTan, rac 

ufro Zlieria diferenciacia da 

eTnikuri dapirispireba, miT ufro 

Ddidia asimetria urTierTSefasebisas. 

walkis raionSi arsebuli 

eTnikuri viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

mniSvnelovania SesaZlo daZabulobis 

im socialur-fsiqologiuri faqtorebis 

Seswavla, romlebic 

cnobierebis doneze vlindeba. 

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, esenia 

eTnikuri stereotipebi, avto da 

heterostereotipebi (maTi rogorc 

SefasebiT-emociuri, aseve kognituri 

nawili) da qcevis atribuciuli 

meqanizmebi. 

am mizniT Cven SevimuSaveT 

specialuri anketa interviusaTvis. 

dagegmili iyo naxevrad struqturirebuli 

intervius Catareba, 

romelic moicavda CvenTvis saintereso 

Temebs Sesabamisi kiTxvebis 

blokebiT da, amavdroulad, iTvaliswinebda 

interviurebis procesSi 

aRmocenebul SesaZlo barierebs 

enobrivi kompetenciisa da 

ganaTlebis donis TvalsazrisiT. 

intervius ZiriTadi Temebi iyo: 

1. sxva jgufebis codna da 

zogadi damokidebuleba maT 

mimarT; 

2. socialuri distanciebi 

sxva jgufebTan;

26 

3. stereotipebi sakuTari da 

sxva jgufebis mimarT; 

4. Sexedulebebi jgufebs 

Soris Zalauflebisa da 

socialuri statusis 

gadanawilebis Sesaxeb. 

5. sxvadasxva jgufebis mier 

qarTuli enis mimarT 

damokidebuleba. 

kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom 

raionSi mosaxle jgufebi ar icnoben 

an TiTqmis ar icnoben sxva jgufebis 

wes-Cveulebebs da tradiciebs. 

gansakuTrebiT es exeba aWarlebisa 

da svanebis qvejgufebs. am 

qvejgufebis Sesaxeb msjeloben 

zedapiruli, formaluri niSnebisa an 

erTxel nanaxi qcevis an momxdari 

ambis STabeWdilebis zegavleniT. 

socialuri distancia aq 

tradiciulad mosaxle eTnikur 

jgufebs Soris zomieria. semantikur 

doneze igi vlindeba keTilmezoblobaSi, 

zomier pirovnul 

urTierTobebSi, Wirsa da lxinSi 

urTierTmxardaWeris SesaZleblobebSi. 

rac Seexeba urTierTobebs e.w. 

axal da Zvel mosaxleebs Soris, 

isini meti daZabulobiT xasiaTdeba. 

didia socialuri distancia 

somxebsa da aWarlebs Soris, aseve _ 

somxebsa da svanebs Soris. SeiZleba 

iTqvas, rom Sefasebis skalaze am 

jgufebs Soris socialuri 

distancia maqsimaluri quliT 

Sefasda da igi absolutur 

miuReblobaSi vlindeba. am sakiTxze 

gamonaTqvamebi aseTia: `garda 

mosulebisa, Cven yvelasTan 

vurTierTobT, Tu Wiri gvaqvs, an 

lxini an ubralod saqme...~ 

ekomigrantebi (svanebi da aWarlebi) 

kvlevaSi monawile somxebisTvis 

sruliad miuRebelni aRmoCndnen. 

miuRebloba gamovlinda maT mimarT 

rogorc mezoblobis, aseve saqmiani 

urTierTobebis da, miT umetes, 


soflis saqmeebis gadawyvetaSi maTi 

CarTulobis doneze. aSkaraa, rom 

miuReblobis safuZvels undobloba 

warmoadgens, romelic am jgufebisagan 

fsiqologiuri, socialuri 

da fizikuri safrTxis gancdiTY 

aris ganpirobebuli. `svanebi ar 

momwons, Zalian cudad iqceodnen. 

ambobdnen, es Cveni miwaa da Tqven 

wadiT, Cxubic iyo, kacic mokles. 

aWarlebi Turqebi arian. eg ra 

qarTvelebia, marto ena aqvT 

qarTuli. Turqebi rom dagvesxnen, 

egeni pirvelebi uRalateben saqar- 

Tvelos. eg ra xalxia. berZnebis 

saxlebSi ZaliT Sedian da xatebs 

wvaven, saxlidan agdeben. maTTan ra 

saerTo gvaqvs...~ – ase axasiaTebs 

erT-erTi somexi svanebsa da 

aWarlebs. 

msgavsi suraTi gamovlinda 

berZnebis mxridan aWarlebisadmi da 

svanebisadmi damokidebulebaSi. 

svanebis stereotipi ukavSirdeba 

sizarmaces, arakeTilsindiserebas, 

safrTxes. ai ras ambobs berZeni qali 

iq mosaxle svanebze: àq saxlebi 

aris da eseni ise Semodian, arc 

muSaoba undaT, arc araferi. raT 

minda eseTi xalxi Cem sofelSi?! Tu 

arc qurdoba icis, kide ho, 

daveTanxmebi... ki arian qristianebi, 

cota rom arian, araferia, magram 

bevri erTad ukve cudi gaxdebian 

CvenTvis. ise TiTo-TiTos ara uWirs. 

svanebma iq mokles, aq mokles, Cveni 

adgilobrivi...~. respondenti aWarlebsac 

axasiaTebs da maT mimarT 

kidev ufro met miuReblobas avlens: 

ài, aWarlebi ar SemouSvi, me 

skolaSi vmuSaobdi da aba, es 

musulmanebi rad minda? magaT 

azerbaijanlebiviT musulmanuri 

`vera~ aqvT. Cven unda Tqveni eklesia 

meCeTad gadavakeToTo, ase Tqves 

aWarlebmao – bavSvebma miTxres. Cveni 

sasaflao im eklesiis ezoSia da aba 

rogor SeiZleba es!~.


religiur niadagze aRmocenebul 

miuReblobaze metyvelebs 

sxva berZeni respondentis sityvebic: 

àWarlebma Seuracyves Cveni 

siwmindeebi... Sevidnen Cvens saxlebSi 

(igulisxmeba mitovebuli saxlebi) 

gadmoyares Cveni xatebi da 

`nadrugalis~. 

masalidan Cans, rom somxebisa da 

berZnebis didi nawilisTvis e.w. 

ekomigrantebi aRiqmebian, rogorc 

safrTxis Semcveli jgufebi, 

romlebic moicaven rogorc fizikur, 

aseve materialur da religiur 

safrTxesac. Tumca, socialuri 

distancia da miuRebloba aWarlis 

mimarT gacilebiT ufro didia, 

vidre – svanis mimarT. am daskvnas 

kidev ufro amyarebs berZeni 

respondentis Semdegi sityvebi: 

`Camosulebi rom arian, unda 

moridebuli iyvnen, mosuli unda 

iyos wynari. icodes, rom Camosulia. 

ra, me rom wavide svaneTSi, miwas, 

nakveTs momcemen?! arc iq da arc 

aRsarvarSi (soflis saxeli) ar 

momcemen. iq meCeTi aiSenes. im meCeTSi 

adgilobrivi azerbaijanlebi ar 

dadian, ar Sedian da aWarlebi ki 

dadian, sxva tipis xalxia egeni.~ sxva 

berZeni respondenti Semdegi 

sityvebiT gamoxatavs Tavis 

damokidebulebas: `svanebs da 

aWarlebs me ubralod qarTul enaze 

molaparaked vTvli, Torem ise egeni 

ar mimaCnia qarTvelebad, Tumca me 

mainc svanebi ufro meaxloeba, erTi 

rwmena gvaqvs.~ 

aq mosaxle somxebisTvis aseve 

miuRebelia e.w. ekomigrantebis 

(aWarlebis da svanebis) monawileoba 

soflis saWirboroto sakiTxebis 

gadawyvetaSi da, saerTod, soflisa 

da raionis marTvaSi. 

savele kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom 

sakvlev jgufebSi Camoyalibebulia 

mkveTrad diferencirebuli eTnikuri 

stereotipebi. amasTan, sakuTari 

27 

jgufis stereotipebSi ufro metad 

kognituri nawili gamodis wina 

planze, xolo sxva jgufebis 

stereotipebSi ki wamyvania emociur- 

SefasebiTi nawili. es gansakuTrebiT 

kargad Cans svanebisa da aWarlebis 

heterostereotipebSi. sainteresoa 

isic, rom am etapze yvelaze misaRebi 

jgufi somxebisTvis berZnebi arian. 

es vlindeba maT mimarT maRali 

ndobis xarisxis gamovlenaSi 

rogorc ubralo adamianuri 

urTierTobebis, aseve fizikuri da 

ekonomikuri usafrTxoebis gancdis 

donezec (safrTxis momcveli ar 

aris arc ekonomikurad da arc 

religiurad). 

ganxorcielebuli kvlevis monacemTa 

analizma gamoavlina regionSi 

arsebuli jgufTaSorisi (somexi, 

azerbaijaneli, berZeni, aWareli, 

svani) urTierTobebis specifika da 

maTi fsiqologiuri safuZvlis 

ganmsazRvreli meqanizmi. aRsaniSnavia, 

rom regionSi gamovlenil 

jgufTaSoris damokidebulebebsa da 

ganwyobebs mravalmxrivi da 

mravalSriani motivaciuri faqtorebi 

ganapirobebs. 

iseve, rogorc sxva polieTnikur 

da multireligiur sazogadoebaSi, 

aqac, eTnikur jgufebs Soris 

daZabulobis erT-erT umTavres 

faqtorad religia warmoCindeba. 

eTnikur jgufTa fsiqologiur 

urTierTmiuReblobis xarisxsa da 

socialur distancias mniSvnelovanwilad 

ganapirobebs maTi 

gansxvavebuli da xSir SemTxvevaSi 

urTierTgamomricxavi msoflmxedvis 

sistemebi, romlebic Rirebulebebis, 

cxovrebis wesis, stereotipebisa da 

socialuri normebis doneze 

vlindeba da yoveldRiur 

urTierTobebSi ganxorcielebuli 

qcevis safuZvelze mtkicdeba. esenia 

gansxvavebuli dakrZalvis wesi, 

Sromis ganawileba ojaxsa da

28 

sazogadoebaSi, Sexedulebebi qalisa 

da mamakacis rolze da funqciaze, 

qorwinebis asakisadmi 

damokidebuleba, gansxvavebuli 

Sexedulebebi gogonebisa da biWebis 

ganaTlebaze da a.S. 

amavdroulad, am regionSi 

mcxovrebi jgufebis motivaciur 

sistemebSi metad mniSvnelovan 

adgils ikavebs pirveladi e.w. 

sabaziso donis, sasicocxlo 

mniSvnelobis mqone motivebi, 

romlebic gadarCenisa da gamokvebis 

moTxovnilebebs ukavSirdeba. samwuxarod, 

miwis simciris gamo 

ekomigraciebis Sedegad gadmosaxlebul 

mosaxleobaSi (aWarlebi, 

svanebi) am moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofileba 

ver (an didi Zalisxmevis 

Sedegad) xerxdeba. amdenad, es 

ukanaskneli maTi qcevis wamyvan 

motivatorad gvevlineba. rogorc 

kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi 

gviiCvenebs, miwis damuSaveba, da 

misgan miRebuli mosavali Tu 

Semosavali regionis mcxovrebTa 

vitaluri, sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis 

moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis 

faqtiurad erTaderTi saSualebaa. 

Tumca, mosaxleobis didi nawilisaTvis, 

gansakuTrebiT ki ekomigranti 

svanebisa da aWarlebisaTvis, 

miwa naklebadaa xelmisawvdomi. 

ekomigrantebSi pirveladi, sasicocxlo 

mniSvnelobis moTxovnilebebis 

daukmayofilebloba regionSi sazogadoebis 

socialuri urTierTobebis 

sistemis funqcionirebaze uaryofi- 

Tad aisaxeba da jgufTaSorisi 

daZabulobis erT-erTi realuri 

wyaroa. 

ekomigrantebSi dabalia TviT- 

Sefasebis donec, romelsac 

socialuri usamarTlobisa da sxva 

eTnikur jgufebTan mimarTebiT 

araTanasworuflebianobis gancda 

ganapirobebs. 


regionSi mcxovreb jfufTaSoris 

socialur distancias mniSvnelovanwilad 

ganapirobebs yvela 

jgufisTvis saerTo sakomunikacio 

enis faqtobrivi ararsebobac. 

gamokvleva gviCvenebs, rom 

mosaxleobis didi nawili mxolod 

sakuTar enas flobs da, amdenad, maT 

Soris komunikacia metad 

gaZnelebulia. Tumca qarTuli ena 

saxelmwifo enaa, magram am regionSi 

mas mxolod formaluri statusi 

aqvs da igi ver asrulebs saerTo 

sakomunikacio enis funqcias. zemoT 

aRwerili eTnofsiqologiuri 

faqtorebis zegavleniT, qarTuli 

enis aTvisebis araformaluri, 

bunebrivi garemos gamoyeneba ver 

xerxdeba. Tumca araqarTulenovani 

bavSvebi da mozardebi swavloben 

qarTuls, rogorc meore enas 

skolaSi, magram misi realizaciis 

garemos ararsebobis gamo, maTi 

codna metad mwiri da formaluria. 

amgvarad, walkis raionSi arsebuli 

socialur-fsiqologiuri klimati 

saxelmwifo enis aTvisebis EerT-erT 

mniSvnelovan barierad gvevlineba. 

rogorc cnobilia (hekhauzeni, 

1986, egeni, kauCaki, 2007), adamianis 

normaluri fsiqologiuri funqcionirebisa 

da TviTrealizaciisaTvis 

aucilebelia misTvis damaxasiaTebel 

motivTa ierarqiuli sistemis 

Tanmimdevruli realizeba. Tumca 

arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi 

da empiriuli monacemebi 

mniSvnelovan motivTa Tvisobriobis 

Sesaxeb, magram udavoa, rom motivTa 

ierarqiaSi pirveladi da sabazisoa 

vitaluri moTxovnilebebi, xolo 

meoradia socialuri, pirovnebis 

individualur socialur gamovlenasa 

da realizaciasTan dakav- 

Sirebuli moTxovnilebebi. gamokvlevis 

monacemebis analizis Sedegad 

ki irkveva, rom sakvlevi regionis 

mosaxleobaSi (gansakuTrebiT ki


ekomigrantebSi) ver xerxdeba 

rogorc qveda, sabaziso, aseve 

saSualo da SedarebiT maRali donis 

motivTa amoqmedeba. amdanad 

motivaciuri sistemis realizeba ver 

xerxdeba ierarqiis TiTqmis vercerT 

doneze. ararealizebuli motivaciuri 

sistemebis zegavlena 

aisaxeba jgufTaSoris urTierTobaze 

da qcevis doneze vlindeba iseT 

fsiqologiur maxasiaTeblebSi, 

rogoricaa socialuri distancireba, 

fsiqologiur doneze urTierTmimReblobisa 

da tolerantobis 

dabali done da uaryofiTi 

valentobis ganwyobebi. 

amgvarad, regionSi arsebuli 

mosaxleobis jgufTaSorisi 

urTierTobebi metad specifikuria. 

literatura 

isini ganpirobebulia mravalSriani 

fsiqologiuri meqanizmiT, romelSic 

resursebisa da Zalauflebis ara- 

Tanabari ganawilebiT, aRmsareblobiT, 

eTnikurobiT da sakomunikacio 

enis uqnlobiT ganpirobebuli 

socialuri distanciebisa 

da uaryofiTi valentobis ganwyobebis 

fonze wamyvania sasicocxlo 

moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebisken 

swrafva da misi dakmayofilebis 

garTulebuli SesaZleblobebiT gamowveuli 

uaryofiTi gancdebi. 

amgvari fsiqologiuri klimati, 

cxadia, xels uSlis regionis 

sazogadoebis integracias da 

aferxebs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis 

Camoyalibebasa da ganviTarebas. 

gasi, selinkeri, 2001 – S.M. Gass, L. Selinker, Second Language Acqisition, "LEA", 2000, New 

Jersey, London, 2001, 329-270 

egeni, kauCaki, 2007 – P. Eggen, D Kauchak, Educational Psychology, "Pearson", 2007, 296-333 

vukfolki, 2007 – A. Woolfolk, Educational Psychology, "Pearson", 2007, 161-188 

maiersi, 2000 - Д. Майерс, Социальная Психология, "Питер", 2000, 247-253 

stefanenko, 2004 - Г.Т. Стефаненко, Этнопсихология, "Аспект Пресс", М., 2004, 272-305 

fsiqologia da kultura, 2003 - Психология и Культура, под ред. Д. Мацумото, 

"Питер",2003, 575-656 

hekhauzeni, 1986 - Хайнц Хекхаузен, Мотивация и Деятельность, т 1, "Педагогика", М., 1986, 

112-116 

29

30 

Mzia Tsereteli 

Psychological characteristics of ethnic group relations in Tsalka region 

The article is based on the materials of the research conducted in this region 

by Rustaveli Foundation 

(project "ethnic security aspects in polytechnic society") 

ABSTRACT 


The presented article describes psycho-social and cultural climate characteristics of the 

population of Tsalka region, as well as ethnic group relation specifics and their influence on 

the official language acquisition. Research is conducted by the interview method. The 

results revealed some main factors that interfere with the process of social integration of 

ethnic groups. One of the most important among those factors is the absence of common 

communicative language: Georgian language is the official language only formally, since 

the considerable amount of inhabitants speaks only their mother tongue. The given psychosocial 

climate is an obstacle for learning Georgian language.


ligita grigule 

latviis universiteti 

OSCE/HCNM multilingvuri ganaTlebis eqsperti 

saqarTvelos umciresobaTa ganaTlebis reforma: 

adgilobrivi iniciativebidan saxelmwifos mier dagegmil 

umciresobaTa ganaTlebis reformamde 

abstraqti 

2004 wlidan ramdenime adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso organizacia 

muSaobda enis politikasa da multilingvur ganaTlebaze 

saqarTveloSi. maTi aqtivobebis Sedegebi da adgilobrivi 

iniciativebis gamocdileba amtkicebs, rom bilingurma modelebma 

warmatebiT imuSava saqarTvelos zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi. 

ase rom, rekomendebulia multilingvuri ganaTlebis danergva, 

rogorc saxelmwifo enis aTvisebisa da samoqalaqo integraciis 

efeqturi modelisa. 2008 wels euTos erovnuli umciresobebis 

umaRlesi komisris finansuri mxardaWeriT SemuSavda politikis 

dokumenti èrovnuli umciresobebis integracia multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis gziT~ da 2009-2014 wlebSi misi danargvis gegma. am gegmis 

mixedviT, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom 

daiwyo multilingvuri swavlebis mxardaWeris programa. SemuSavda 

multilingvuri ganaTlebis ramdenime modeli da asarCevad da 

dasanergad waredgina skolebs. 

statiis mizania, warmoadginos multilingvuri ganaTlebis 

programebi, ganixilos danergvis sawyis etapze arsebuli problemebi 

da wamoWras diskusia saqarTveloSi multilingvuri ganaTlebis 

reformis mxardaWeris potencialze ganaTlebis specialistTa 

aqtiuri CarTulobiT. 

winasityvaoba 

bilingvuri ganaTleba aris 

,,Zalzed komleqsuri movlenis 

uaRresad martivi daxasiaTeba~, 

ambobs kolin beikeri, romelic aris 

cnobili mkvlevari bilingvizmisa da 

multilingvizmis kuTxiT. CCIIR-is 

xangrZlivi Sromis Sedegad kolin 

31 

beikeris wigni Targmnilia da 

xelmisawvdomia ukve qarTul enaze. 

nebismierma saganmanaTleblo 

dawesebulebam, romelic iwyebs 

multilingvur ganaTlebas, unda 

miiRos gadawyvetileba 

saganmanaTleblo programis 

SerCevasTan da ganviTarebasTan

32 

dakavSirebiT da agreTve unda 

gadaWras is praqtikuli sakiTxebi, 

romlebic SerCeuli programis 

farglebSi iqneba wamoWrili. 

multilingvuri ganaTlebis 

programa warmoadgens gafarToebul 

kurikulums, romelSic aRwerilia 

or an zogjer sam enaze swavlebis 

procedura, agreTve mTlianad 

sistema (swavlebis Sinaarsi, 

swavlebis meTodebi da a.S.), 

romlebic gamoiyeneba ZiriTadi 

miznis misaRwevad. 


ganxorcieleba da misi dagegmva 

dafuZnebulia erTiani 

gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze 

miRebul da SeTanxmebul miznebze, 

romlebic mimarTulia enis 

aTvisebisaken da swavlebis dros 

enebis gancalkevebisaken. 


miznebidan gamomdinare, bilingvizmze 

Catarebul kvlevebSi warmodgenelia 

kategorizacia, romelic bilingvur 

ganaTlebas hyofs tranzitul da 

SemnarCunebel bilingvur 

programebad. tranzituli 

bilingvuri ganaTleba miznad 

isaxavs, rom bavSvi mSobliuri enidan 

gadaiyvanos dominanturi 

umravlesobis enaze. SemnarCunebeli. 

bilingvuri ganaTleba xels uwyobs 

bavSvis mSobliuri enis 

srulyofilad ganviTarebas da 

agreTve bavSvis mier Tavisi 

kulturuli identobis 

gacnobierebas. gansxvavebaa agreTve 

statikuri SemnarCunebeli 

bilingvuri programis da 

ganmaviTarebeli SemnarCunebeli 

bilingvuri programis miznebs Soris. 

statikuri SemnarCunebeli 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis mizania, 

SeinarCunos moswavlis mSobliur 

enaSi kompetencia im doneze, ra 

doniTac moswavle Sevida skolaSi. 

ganmaviTarebeli SemnarCunebeli 


bilingvuri ganaTlebis mizania 

moswavlis mSobliuri enis flobis 

srulyofilad ganviTareba da 

moswavlis ormagi wignierebis 

uzrunvelyofa. am process uwodeben 

gamamdidrebel an ganmaviTarebel 

bilingvur ganaTlebas umciresobaTa 

moswavleebTan mimarTebiT. 

gadawyvetileba bilingvuri 

programis tipis arCevasTan 

dakavSirebiT unda emyarebodes 

socialur da socio-kulturul 

gagebas, agreTve bilingvalizmis 

kognitur da ganmaviTarebel 

procesebs, da Teoriebs meore enis 

aTvisebasTan dakavSirebiT. 

sazogadod, bilingvuri 

ganaTlebis miznebi yvela qveyanaSi 

dgindeba ganaTlebis saministros 

mier, romelic Seesabameba qveyanaSi 

moqmed saganmanaTlbelo da enobriv 

politikas. xSirad, sazogadoebis 

sxvadasxva moTxovnebis safuZvelze, 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis miznebis 

misaRwevad xdeba ramodenime 

programisa da didaqtikuri gzis 

SemoTavazeba da ganviTareba. 1970-iani 

wlebis mkvlevarebma klasificireba 

gaukeTes bilingvuri swavlebis 90 

gansxvavebul models/nimuSs. 

bilingvuri swavlebis 

modelebi warmoadgens ZiriTadi 

ideuri cnebebis krebuls, romelic 

axasiTebs gansxvavebul midgomebs 

enis gamoyenebis, dagegmvisa da 

analizis dros _ rogor da rodis 

unda moxdes enebis gancalkeveba da 

maTi integrireba bilingvur klasSi. 

ori an ramdenime enis strategiuli 

gamoyenebis dagegmva kurikulumis 

farglebSi warmoadgens 

multilingvuri meTodologiis 

ZiriTad funqcias. 

saklaso oTaxSi da 

kurikulumis farglebSi ori enis 

ganawileba, ori enis Semofargvla da


TvalsaCino sazRvrebis dadgena 

xSirad aris xolme 

sociolingvistebis, bavSvTa 

ganviTarebis specialistebis da 

ganaTlebis eqspertebis gansjis 

sagani. 

bilingvur saklaso oTaxSi 

enebis gancalkevebisa da zogjer 

maTi integrirebisaTvis arsebobs 

sxvadasxva mizezi. Tu bilingvuri 

ganaTlebis mizani aris enobrivi 

ganviTarebis miReba umravlesobis 

enaze (mag: tranzituli bilingvuri 

ganaTleba), maSin enebis integrireba 

gamiznuli iqneba maTi saboloo 

gancalkevebisaTvis. Tu bilingvuri 

ganaTleba iswrafvis umciresobis 

enis SenarCunebisa da 

ganviTarebisaken, aseT SemTxvevaSi 

enebis gancalkeveba mniSvnelovania. 

saklaso aqtivobebSi TvalsaCino 

dro da sivrce unda iyos 

gamoyofili umciresobis enisaTvis. 

saWiroa ganvsazRvroT mkafio 

sazRvrebi umciresobis enisa da 

umravlesobis enis gancalkevebiT 

gamoyenebas Soris. sazRvrebisa da 

gancalkevebis gareSe SeiZleba 

umravlesobis enis gamoyeneba 

gaizardos umciresobis enis xarjze, 

xolo meore SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba 

moxdes ise, rom saswavlo procesis 

ZiriTadi nawili warimarTos 

umciresobis enaze da umravlesobis 

enam mxolod formaluri mxare 

SeinarCunos. 

beikers (1996) kargad aqvs 

aRwerili is ganzomilebebi, 

romlebSic SesaZlebelia enebis 

gancalkeveba: enebis gancalkeveba 

SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sagnis, 

personis, drois, adgilis, saSualo 

(gardamavali) aqtivobis, 

kurikulumis masalebis da 

moswavleebis daxmarebiT. xSiri 

gadarTva or an met enas Soris 

bilingvur saklaso oTaxSi 

Cveulebrivi movlenaa. arsebobs imis 

33 

tendencia, rom bilingvur saklaso 

oTaxSi ori enis paralelur 

gamoyenebas regularuli, praqtikuli 

saxe mieces, magram ara rogorc 

winaswar dagegmili swavlisa da 

swavlebis strategiis formiT. 

zogadad Sinaarsis replikacia da 

dublireba sazianoa bilingvuri 

klasis meTodologiaSi. 

mkvlevrebis mtkicebiT, mniSvnelovania, 

rom kurikulumSi moxdes 

TiToeuli enisaTvis drois 

gadanawileba. enebs Soris saWiroa 

garkveuli balansis arseboba(mag: 

50%/50%; an 75%/25%), xolo programis 

xangrZlivoba, umravles SemTxvevaSi, 

Seadgens 4-6 wels, magram droze 

ufro mniSvnelovania mizani, qmedeba 

da meTodi, romlis farglebSic 

xdeba ori enis gamoyeneba. ideis 

Rirebuleba isaa, rom skola da 

pedagogebi gegmaven ori enis 

strategiul gamoyenebas, 

gaazrebulad fiqroben ori enis 

gamoyenebaze kurikulumisa da 

saklaso oTaxis farglebSi, agreTve 

xdeba procesebis asaxva da 

mimoxilva da agreTve studentebis 

SemecnebiTi stimulireba. 

akreditaciisa da monitoringis 

dros mniSvnelovani yuradReba unda 

daeTmos enebis gancalkevebas da 

ganlagebas. 

Cven vfiqrobT, rom programis 

ganmaxorcieleblebs surT, rom 

ixilon droisa da resursebis 

efeqturi gamoyeneba, miznebis 

naTlad warmoCena da DaRniSnul 

modelTan dakavSirebuli amocanebis 

progresireba.

34 


programebis ganviTareba dRemde: 

problemebi da perspeqtivebi 

2010 wlis 20 agvistos 

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da 

mecnierebis saministros mier 

damtkicda multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis programis debuleba. es 

aris wingadadgmuli nabiji, romelic 

mimarTulia umciresobaTa 

ganaTlebis xarisxiani da mdgradi 

ganviTarebisaken. programaSi 

aRwerilia saqarTvelosaTvis 

misaRebi multilingvuri ganaTlebis 

tipebi. skolebma SeimuSaves 

sakuTari programebi, romlebic 

gaitanes dasamtkiceblad. aRniSnul 

programebSi kargad Cans 


mniSvnelobis sakmaod maRali 

gaazreba da misi miRebis survili. 

saqarTvelosTvis multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis programebis damtkiceba 

da formulireba ar yofila 

EerTdRiani movlena, aramed es 

aris im mniSvnelovani saqmianobis 

Sedegi, romelsac 6-8 wlis 

ganmavlobaSi axorcielebdnen 

adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso 

eqspertebi da organizaciebi. 

sxva postsabWouri qveynebis 

msgavsad, procesi daiwyo ramdenime 

midgomis SemuSavebiT, romlebic 

saxelmwifo enis aTvisebisken iyo 

mimarTuli; aseve, SemuSavda masalebi 

da qarTulis, rogorc meore enis 

maswavlebelTaTvis Catarda 

treningebi. es procesi gagrZelda 

enobrivi mdgomareobis gaanalizebiT, 

aseve umciresobaTa ganaTlebis 

sxvadasxva modelis pilotirebiT da 

enobrivi politikis formulirebiT. 

bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi ganxorcielda 

multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis gansxvavebuli tipebis 

gamocda, pilotireba da 

saqarTvelos mdgomareobisaTvis 


morgeba. modiT, SevexoT 


programas (ganxorcielda 

Sveicaruli arasamTavrobo 

organizacia ,,CIMERA''-s mier da 

OSCE/HCNM-is finansuri 

mxardaWeriT), romelic 

mimdinareobda ori saswavlo wlis 

ganmavlobaSi (2006-2008) qvemo 

qarTlisa da samcxe-javaxeTis 12 

skolaSi. skolebs gaacnes 


sxvadasxva modeli;. garda amisa, 

marneulis raionis resurs-centrisa 

da fond ,,Ria sazogadoeba 

saqarTvelos~'' mxardaWeriT, 

maswavlebelTa jgufma lia TuSuris 

xelmZRvanelobiT gamoiCines 

iniciativa da gamoscades 

tranzituli da SemnarCunebeli 

midgomebi; submersiuli midgoma 

ganxorcielda or sofelSi: 

Tazaqendisa da pirveli qesalos 

skolebSi. am SemTxvevaSi iyo imis 

mcdeloba, rom azerbaijaneli 

moswavleebi CarTuliyvnen 

qarTulenovan klasebSi, raTa maT 

qarTuli enis Seswavla daewyoT 

qarTul garemocvaSi. sainteresoa, 

rom dualuri bilingvuri 

ganaTlebis organizeba 

ganxorcielda q. Tbilisis 41-e 

saSualo skolaSi. aRniSnuli 

modelis Tanaxmad, saswavlo 

procesis naxevari mimdinareobs 

ukrainul enaze, xolo meore 

naxevari _ qarTul enaze. zogierT 

skolas aqvs gamocdileba, rom 

sagnebi aswavlos meore enaze, rac 

gamowveulia mSobliur enaze 

mosaubre maswavleblebis simciriT. 

2009 wlis ivlisSi 

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da 

mecnierebis saministros mier 

multilingvuri programis 

xelSewyobis mizniT, Catarda 

gamokiTxva araqarTulenovani 

skolebis direqtorTaTvis multi


lingvuri ganaTlebis sapilote 

proeqtis farglebSi. aRniSnuli 

gamokiTxvis mizani iyo, gamoekveTa 

skolebis interesi da motivacia, Tu 

ramdenad iyvnen mzad multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis proeqtis 

gansaxorcieleblad. skolis 

direqtorebs miecaT saSualeba, rom 

gascnobodnen bilingvuri ganaTlebis 

8 programas, romlebic dafuZnebuli 

iyo qarTul Sinaarssa da 

gamocdilebaze; agreTve maT unda 

aReniSnaT, Tu romeli maTgani iyo 

relevanturi specifikur saskolo 

garemosTan mimarTebiT, arsebuli 

resursebis, mSobelTa molodinebisa 

da moswavleTa maxasiaTeblebis 

TvalsazrisiT. 

skolebis (N = 263) pasuxebidan 

gamoikveTa, rom yvelaze popularuli 

aris (1) programa, sadac unarebisa 

da wignierebis ganviTareba mSobliur 

enasa da saxelmwifo enaze 

Tanabaria. mSobliuri enidan 

saxelmwifo enaze gadasayvanad 

gamiznuli programa (4) meore 

poziciaze aRmoCnda. momdevno 

mniSvnelovani nabiji programis 

ganviTarebisTvis iyo konferencia 

,,multilingvuri ganaTleba 

saqarTveloSi~, romelic gaimarTa 

MoES-is organizebiT 2009 wlis 27 

noembers. konferencia mieZRvna 

dagrovili gamocdilebis gaziarebas, 

gamokiTxvebis Sedegebis analizs, 

TanamSromlobis gaRrmavebas 

adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso 

specialistebs Soris. programa iyo 

winaswar momzadebuli. konferenciis 

farglebSi moxda wardgena 

ganxorcielebuli proeqtis 

pirveladi Sedegebisa da moxda 

erTgvarad maTi Sefaseba. 

programebi saqarTvelosTvis 

1. ganmaviTarebeli multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis programa - erovnuli 

35 

saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli 

sagnebisa da saganTa jgufebis 

swavleba mimdinareobs Tanabrad, 

rogorc saxelmwifo, agreTve 

mSobliur enaze (mag: 50%-50%) da 

miiRweva Tanabrad maRali enobrivi 

kompetencia rogorc saxelmwifo, 

agreTve mSobliur enaSi. 

2. tranzituli/gardamavali multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis programa - 

swavleba mimdinareobs rogorc 

saxelmwifo, agreTve mSobliur 

enaze, Tumca saxelmwifo enaze 

saswavlo sagnebis Seswavla 

TandaTanobiT matulobs da 

etapobrivad xdeba saxelmwifo enaze 

swavlebaze gadasvla. 

3. mSobliuri enis mxardaWeris 

multilingvuri ganaTlebis programa 

(calmxrivi imersia) - erovnuli 

saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli 

sagnebisa da saganTa jgufebis 

swavleba mimdinareobs saxelmwifo 

enaze, mSobliuri ena iswavleba, 

rogorc sagani maqsimaluri 

saaTobrivi datvirTviT. 

4. multilingvuri saganmanaTleblo 

programebi saxelmwifo enis 

SesanarCuneblad (calmxrivi imersia) 

_ sagnebi da sagnobrivi jgufebi 

iswavleba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis 

mixedviT saxelmwofo eneze. aseve, 

saxelmwifo ena iswavleba, rogorc 

sagani (saaTobrivadac), ris gamoc 

irRveva Tanafardoba saxelmwofo 

enis gaZlierebuli swavlebiT. 

5. Dormagi enobrivi imersiis 

multilingvuri ganaTlebis programa 

- erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT 

gansazRvruli sagnebisa da saganTa 

jgufebis swavleba mimdinareobs 

Tanabrad, rogorc saxelmwifo, 

agreTve ara saxelmwifo enaze. 

moswavleTa kontigenti Tanabradaa

36 

gadanawilebuli da warmoadgens 

rogorc qarTulenovan, agreTve 

araqarTulenovan moswavleebs. 

6. Sereuli multilingvuri saganmanaTleblo 

programebi _ saswavlo 

procesi iwyeba ZiriTadad meore 

enaze (magaliTad, rusulze). 

wignierebis sawyis etapamde 

ganviTarebis Semdeg meore enaze, 

saswavlo procesi warimarTeba 

Semdegi principiT: 1) sagnebi 

iswavleba mxolod saxelmwifo enaze 

an 2) mSobliur da saxelmwifo enaze 

Sereulad, romlis mizania rogorc 

saxelmwifo, ise mSobliuri da 

moswavleebisaTvis saWiro sxva enis 

ganviTareba erTdroulad. 

ixileT cxrili 1. saCvenebeli 

modelebis amsaxveli 

programis tipebi: 

SeniSvna 1: nimuSebi 

warmodgenilia programis miznebisa 

da enis gancalkevebis sistemis 

vizualuri CvenebisaTvis, romelic 

efuZneba uxeS gaangariSebas, 

daaxloebiT kviraSi 24 gakveTili 

(erTi gakveTili _ 4%). es modelebi 

aseve moicavs gakveTilebs 

xelovnebaSi pirvel (mSobliur) 

enaze (L1) da qarTuls, rogorc 

meore enas. am SemTxvevaSi moswavles 

mTeli saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi 

Sexeba aqvs qarTul enasTan. 

modelebi aris pirveladi saxis da 

imedi gvaqvs, es modelebi iqneba 

morgebuli saswavlo procesze, 

ganisazRvreba ufro zustad 

samomavlo gegmebi adgilobrivi 

pedagogebis mier, rac daefuZneba 

pilotirebis Sedegad miRebul 

gamocdilebas. 

SeniSvna 2: realur cxovrebaSi 

bevrad ufro rTulia nebismieri 

modelis ganxorcieleba, vidre es 

SeiZleba aisaxos romelime modelSi. 


(naxeT nimuSi 6.1-6.3). pirvel rigSi, es 

exebaT skolebs, romlebSic 

swavlebis ena aris rusuli. Cven 

gvaqvs rusulenovani skolebis sul 

mcire ori gansxvavebuli jgufi: 

1) rusuli skolebi, romlebic 

kompaqturad umciresobebiT 

dasaxlebul regionebSia 

ganTavsebuli. umetes SemTxvevaSi, 

rusuli ar aris moswavleebisTvis 

mSobliuri ena, Tumca swavleba 

rusulad mimdinareobs. amitom 

saskolo periodis sawyisi etapi 

gamoiyeneba rusulis, rogorc 

swavlebis enis dasaufleblad, 

moswavleebs amis gamo ar aqvT 

aranairi pirobebi saxelmwifo enis 

swavlebisaTvis... qarTuls, rogorc 

swavlebis enas, msgavsi tipis 

skolebSi iyeneben mogvianebiT, 

damamTavrebel safexurze. Aam dros 

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes programa, 

romelic uzrunvelyofs 

moswavleebis pirveli enis 

SenarCunebas adreul, saSualo an 

gviandel stadiaze. 

2) rusulenovani skolebi, sadac 

swavloben eTnikurad da 

lingvisturad Sereuli moswavlebi, 

multikulturul da multilingvur 

garemoSi. Aam SemTxvevaSi qarTuli, 

rogorc swavlebis ena, SeiZleba 

gamoiyenebodes ufro adreul etapze, 

aseve komunikaciisTvis _ imis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom moswavleebi 

ukve floben sakomunikacio 

unarebisTvis sakmaris sabaziso 

qarTuls. 

SeniSvna 3. Tbilisis zogierTi 

skolis direqtors gansazRvruli 

aqvs gardamavali saskolo programa. 

Tumca es araa damokidebuli 

programis tipebis Tavdapirvel 

saerTo maxasiaTebelze, rac 

moiTxovs ZiriTadi miznis 

ganxorcielebas, anu TandaTanobiT 

gadasvlas saxelmwifo enaze. is


miuTiTebs, ramdenad aris mzaoba 

skolis mxridan multilingvuri 

ganaTlebisaTvis da ramdenad iCens 

skola iniciativas, CaerTos 

kompleqsurad mimdinare reformaSi. 

2010 wlis ivnisSi regionaluri 

seminarebis ,,multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis mxardaWeris programa~ 

msvlelobisas, monawileebma 

(sapilote skolebis 

administratorebi, maswavleblebi, 

skolis gamgeobis wevrebi da 

sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi) 

gaiares treningi saskolo 

programebze da saaplikacio 

formebis SevsebaSi. skolis gundi 

gadamzadda, SeiZines unarebi, rogor 

moaxdinon formulireba da 

Camoayalibon programis mTavari 

miznebi. rac Seexeba specialuri 

saganmanaTleblo programis miznebs, 

skolis saerTo misiisaTvis, 

mniSvnelovania, rom skolis gundi 

iyos orientirebuli dasaxuli 

amocanebis gansaxorcieleblad. 

programis miznebi dakavSirebulia 


ganxorcielebis ZiriTad aspeqtebTan: 

saganmanaTleblo garemo, saswavlo 

meTodika, moswavleebis enobrivi 

unarebi, akademiuri codnis Sefaseba, 


menejmenti da Sefaseba, mSoblebisa 

da sazogadoebis CarTuloba. 

yvela Tanxmdeba, rom miznebis 

formulireba, amocanebis da 

Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis gatareba 

aris rTuli amocana. igive SeiZleba 

iTqvas mosalodneli Sedegebis 

prognozirebasTan dakavSirebiT. 

erTi mxriv, Cven vmuSaobT iseti 

davalebebis danergvaze, romlebic 

gazomvadia; meore mxriv _ ganaTleba 

ar aris warmoebis saqoneli. Cven ver 

ganvsazRvravT maswavleblis 

konkretuli mimarTulebiT muSaoba 

(mag: TvalsaConoebis gamoyeneba) 

gazrdis Tu ara 15 %_iT Sedegs, 

37 

magram Cven SegviZlia vcadoT, 

aisaxos is skolis Sesabamis 

programaze, rogoricaa: a. 

maswavlebelis mier aTvisebuli 

interaqtiuli swavlebis 

meTodebi, romelTac iyenebs is 

kviraSi erTxel. b. skola awyobs e. w. 

òri mSoblis dRes~ (two parents’ days) 

dRes orjer saswavlo wlis 

ganmavlobaSi. 

forma rom iyos TvalisTvis 

aRsaqmeli da gasagebi, aplikants 

sTxoven Seavsos da gaxazos 

Sesabamisi mizani da programis tipi. 

skola aseve aris motivirebuli, 

ifiqros da dasaxos programebis 

sworad ganxorcielebis gzebi 

(maswavleblis mier): sagani, Tema, 

dro, sagakveTilo saaTebi, adgili, 

saqmianobis areali, kurikulumi 

(saswavlo gegma), funqciebi, 

studentebi). 

skolebs moeTxovebaT 

uzrunvelyon multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis SerCeuli modeli da, 

aseve, ganaxorcielon dasaxuli 

gegma, sul mcire, ori saswavlo 

wlis manZilze.Ees moTxovna asaxavs 

pilotirebis specifikas. am drois 

ganmavlobaSi skolam SeiZleba 

daiwyos multilingvuri ganaTlebis 

ganxorcieleba nawilobriv, ramdenime 

klasSi, rac damokidebulia arsebul 

resursebze. Tumca, skolam umjobesia 

warmoaCinos ,,didi suraTi~, rogor 

apirebs samomavlo saqmianobas. 

aucilebelia bavSvis kognituri 

ganviTarebis principebis 

gaTvaliswineba da miznad isaxavs 

umciresobebis ganaTlebis saerTo 

donis amaRlebas.

38 

III. multilingvuri ganaTlebis 

programis ganxorcielebis gegma: 

1. enebis ganawileba (SeavseT 

da xazi gausviT Tqveni skolisaTvis 

Sesabamis mizans da SerCeul 

programas/models); 

skolis multilingvuri 

ganaTlebis programa iTvaliswinebs 

klasSi swavlebisaTvis ori (an meti) 

enis gamoyenebas da saganmanaTleblo 

masalis aTvisebas somxur / 

azerbaijanul da qarTul enebze. 

Mmomavali perspeqtivebi 

ukanaskneli kvlevebi aCvenebs 

skolis mmarTvelobis unarianobis 

ganviTarebas bolo periodSi, rac 

skolis centralizaciisa da 

sistemis gaumjobesebis Sedegia. 

Ggarda amisa, mniSvnelovania 

tradiciuli forma - treningebi, rac 

rekomendebulia, raTa gamdidrdes 

kadrebi informaciis sxvadasxva 

saSualebebiT, aqcenti gakeTebulia 

gundur muSaobasa da maswavleblebis 

profesiul ganviTarebaze. 

s.s.i.p. didi konduris saSualo skola 

pedagogiuri saswavlo 

jgufis Seqmna maswavleblis 

muSaobisTvis imave klasis 

safexurisTvis; 


enebis amgvari ganawileba efuZneba 

programis lingvistur miznebs: 

erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT 

gansazRvruli sagnebisa da saganTa 

jgufebis swavleba mimdinareobs 

saxelmwifo enaze, mSobliuri ena 

iswavleba, rogorc sagani 

maqsimaluri saaTobrivi datvirTviT 

(mSobliuri enis mxardaWeris 


programa). 

mentorebisa da konsultantebis 

momzadeba multilingvuri 

swavlebisTvis; 

mimagreba gamocdili 


maswavleblisa, rogorc 

trenerisa, e. w. `saxlis 

eqspertad~; 

skolis administraciis 

gadamzadeba, Tu rogor 

gaarTvan Tavi multilingvuri 

skolis marTvas. 

treningi maTTvis, vinc 

uSualod swavlebis procesSi 

araa CarTuli. 

araformaluri muSaoba enis 

swavlebis kuTxiT;


muSaoba mSoblebTan, mSoblebis 

CarTuloba 

multilingvuri swavlebis 

xarisxis monitoringisTvis, 

moswavleebis enobrivi donis 

Semowmeba; 

gacvliTi programebi da 

proeqtebi, (skolis 

administracia, moswavleebi); 

multilingvali maswavlebis 

portfolios mudmivi ganaxleba. 

maswavleblis profesiuli unarebis 

mudmivi ganviTareba da multilingvuri 

swavlebis teqnologiebi 

miCneulia momdevno mniSvnelovan 

nabijad umciresobebis ganaTlebis 

gasaumjobeseblad. 

cxrili1: multilingvuri ganaTlebis programis modelebi. 

39

40 

bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010


literatura 

baxmani, 2006 - Bachman, C. (Ed.) (2006). Language policies and education in multilingual societies. 

Conference Proceedings 7. CIMERA, Geneva. 

beikeri, 2001 - Baker, C. (2001). Foundation of bilingual education and bilingualism. Clevedon: 

Multilingual Matters. 

batelaani, 2002 - Batelaan, P. (2002). Bilingual education: The case of Latvia from a comparative 

perspective. Intercultural Education, 13(4), 359-374(16). 

ganaTlebis kvlevis centri, 2002; 2008 - Center for Research on Education, Diversity & 

Excellence. (2002). Five standards. Retrieved May 15, 2008, from 

http://crede.berkeley.edu/standards/1jpa.shtml 

multilingvizmi, 2008 - Commission of the European Communities. (2008) Multilingualism: An 

asset for Europe and a shared commitment. Communication from the commission to the European 

Parliament, the Council, The European Economic and Social committee and the committee of the 

Regions (18.09.2008). Brussels. 

enobriv umciresobaTa evropuli qartia, 1992 - Council of Europe. (1992). European 

charter for regional or minority languages. Retrieved January 31, 2009, from 

http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/148.htm 

41

42 


erovnul umciresobaTa CarCo-konvencia, 1995 - Council of Europe. (1995). Council of Europe 

Framework convention for the protection of national minorities. Retrieved January 31, 2009, from 

http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Word/157.doc 

kubani, 1998 - Cuban, L. (1998). How schools change reforms: Redefining reform success and failure. 

Teachers College Record, 99(3), 53-77. 

kuminsi, 1996 - Cummins, J. (1996). Negotiating identities: Education for empowerment in a diverse 

society. CABE. 

grigule, 2007 - Grigule, L., & Perrin, A. (2007). Multilanguage education in Georgia. Evaluation 

report. CIMERA, Geneva. 

grigule, perini, 2008 - Grigule, L., & Perrin, A. (2008). Multilingual education in Georgia. Phase 

II. Final activity report. December 2007 – March 2008. CIMERA, Tbilisi/Geneva. 

ganaTlebis strategia da samoqmedo gegma, 2008 - The Ministry of Education and Science of 

Georgia. (2007) Georgia: Consolidated Education Strategy and action Plan (2007 – 2011). 

erovnul umciresobaTa integracia multilingvuri ganaTlebis gziT, 2008 - The 

Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia. (2008). National minorities integration through 

multilingual education. A Policy Paper. 

Cven vswavlobT TamaSs, 2006 - We are learning by playing. 111 games for multilingual education. 

(2006). Cimera, OSCE/HCNM.


Ligita Grigule 

University of Latvia 

OSCE/HCNM Multilingual Education expert 

Georgia Minority Education Reform: from local initiatives towards state 

planed minority education reform. 

ABSTRACT 

Since 2004, several local and international organizations have been addressing the issues of 

language policy and multilingual education in Georgia. Their project results along with the 

experience of local initiatives proved that multiform bilingual models had worked 

successfully according to the local resources and socio cultural environment. Therefore, it 

was recommended to integrate the multilingual education as an effective method for the 

language acquisition and civic integration nationwide. In 2008, with the financial support 

of the OSCE/High Commissioner on National Minorities the policy paper “National 

minorities’ integration through multilingual education” and the implementation plan was 

developed for 2009-2014. Based on the plan, the Ministry of Education and Science of 

Georgia started a multilingual instruction support program. In the framework of the 

program several multilingual education program options have been developed and 

proposed to schools for selection and implementation. The Regulations on school 

multilingual education programmes has been developed and approved by MoES of Georgia. 

The support programme also includes a comprehensive capacity building plan to raise 

national expertise in multilingual education. 

The aim of the article is to present the developed multilingual education programmes, to 

share initial implementation strains and raise discussion on the potentialities of educational 

community’s support to multilingual education reform in Georgia. 

43

44 

ana babluani 

G_gan (_dan) Tandebulian saxelTa swavleba 

azerbaijanelTaTvis 

abstaqti 

statia exeba SedgenilobiT msgavsi qarTuli –idan/-dan da 

azerbaijanuli -dən Tandebulebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs; 

vfiqrobT, amgvari sakiTxebis SeTavazeba saqarTvelos 

azerbaijanulenovani sapilote bilingvuri skolebis pedagogebisaTvis 

daexmareba maT saxelmwifo (qarTuli) da mSobliuri (azerbaijanuli) 

enebis integrirebulad swavlebis procesSi. 

Tandebuli hqvia 

damoukidebeli mniSvnelobis 

uqonel sityvas an bgeraTa jgufs, 

romelic daerTvis saxelis ama Tu 

im brunvis formas da aRniSnavs 

mdebareobas, mimarTulebas, 

daniSnulebas da a. S. 

Tandebuli SeiZleba winac 

erTodes saxels da Semdgomac. 

inglisur, frangul, rusul... 

enebSi igi saxels win daerTvis. 

LZvel qarTulSi iSviaTad 

dasturdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac 

win uZRvis saxels, magaliTad: 

`bneli iyo zeda ufskrulTa da 

suli RmrTisai iqceoda zeda 

wyalTa” (z. sarjvelaZe, 1997, 318); 

`da mTavrobden dResa da Ramesa 

da ganswvalebdnen Soris naTlisa da 

Soris bnelisa” (iqve, 319); 

`Sua Zowsa da ayiysa sWvirs 

margaliti tyupebi (a. SaniZe, 1980, 

599). 

àmgvar wyobas Zvel qarTulSi 

zurab sarjvelaZe berZnulis 

gavleniT xsnis: `Tandebulis 

prepoziciurad xmareba berZnulis 

zegavlenas unda mivaweroT” (z. 

sarjvelaZe, 1997, 48). Cveulebriv, 

qarTul enaSi Tandebuli mosdevs 


saxels, iseve rogorc 

azerbaijanulSi. 

Sdr.: 

àq platoni Camoxta cxenidan, 

gaaRo WiSkari da ezoSi Sevida` (d. 

kldiaSvili, 2002, 167) _ “Burda Platon 

atdan düşdü, gafını açdı, ve həyətdə girdi”; 

`midioda iq, Sav moxucTan~ (gr. 

robaqiZe, 1989, 125) _ `...Gedirdi ora, gara 

gocanın yanında”; 

`saloberiZis saxlidan 

qvedureTamde kai Sori gza hqondaT 

Cvens mgzavrebs (d. kldiaSvili, 

2002, 200) _ Bizim yolçular üçün 

Saloberidzenin evindən Kvedurete gədər 

yol uzag idi; 

`gavswieT mTisken (vaJa, 2002, 138) 

_ Dağa təraf getdik’’. 

Tandebuli saxels daerTvis xuT 

brunvaSi: saxelobiTSi, micemiTSi, 

naTesaobiTSi, moqmedebiTsa da 

viTarebiTSi. 

CvenTvis sainteresoa -gan (-dan) 

Tandebulisa da _dan, -dən niSnis 

xmareba da misi gadatana qarTulidan 

azerbaijanulSi da piriqiT, 

azerbaijanulidan qarTulSi, 

vinaidan dasturdeba garkveuli 

identuroba (Tumca iSviaTad).


qarTul enaSi -gan Tandebuli 

or brunvaSi gvxvdeba: naTesaobiTsa 

da moqmedebiTSi. 

moqmedebiTi brunvis niSania -iT 

(saxliT, bavSviT, amxanagiT..), 

rodesac mas erTvis -gan Tandebuli 

(saxliT-gan), mJReri g bgera 

gavlenas axdens yru T Tanxmovanze, 

imsgavsebs mas da asimilaciis 

Sedegad viRebT saxlidgan formas, 

magram radganac ori mJReri bgera 

erTad ver Zlebs, ikargeba Gg. A-gan 

Tandebulisagan fonetikuri 

movlenebis Sedegad miRebuli -dan 

forma zustad emTxveva 

azerbaijanulis çıxışlıq 

“gamosvliTi” brunvis -dən niSans da 

misi erT-erTi funqciaa moqmedebis 

dawyebis adgilisa da drois 

gamoxatva. (aqve SevniSnavT, rom akaki 

SaniZe msgavs formebs lokalur 

brunvaTa rigSi ayenebs da 

gamosvliT anu dawyebiT brunvas 

uwodebs). 

magaliTad: saxlidan – “evdən”, 

soflidan – “kənddən”, gulidan – 

“ürəkdən”, tyidan - “meşədən” _ 

leqsemebi gamoxataven gamosvlis 

punqts sivrceSi, xolo sityvebi _ 

dReidan – “bu gündən”, xvalidan – 

“sabahdan”, xuTSabaTidan – “cümə 

axşamından”, am wlidan - “bu 

ildən,…ivnisidan – “iyundən _ droze 

miuTiTebs. msgavs SemTxvevevebSi -gan 

Tandebulisa da -iT brunvis niSnis 

SeerTebiT miRebuli -dan, Targmnis 

dros zustad gadadis 

azerbaijanulSi: 

ergeTis skolidan gadmoiyvanes 

qarTuli literaturis maswavlebeli 

(l. mrelaSvili, 1990, 445) _ “Erqeti 

kəndindən Gürcü ədəbiyyatı müəllimi 

köçürdülər”; 

dRes orbeTidan axmetamde da 

axmetidan sadguramdis imodena gza 

gaiara (iqve, 456) _ Bu gün Orbetidən 

Axmetiyə və Axmetadən dayanacağa uzun 

yol getdi; 

aqedan mSieri unda waxvide, 

kaco?! (iqve, 462) _ Ay kişi, burdan acmı 

gedəcəksən?! 

qveveidan, Sors soflidan 

gaurkveveli Jriamuli ismoda (vaJa, 

45 

2002, 162) _ Aşağıdan, uzaq kənddən 

anlaşılmaz səs-küy eşidilirdi; 

urwmuno Teimurazi Tavisi 

jvrisweris dRidan eklesiaSi ar 

Sesula (javaxiSvili, 2000, 110) _ Kafir 

Teymuraz öz toyundan sonra bir daha 

kilsəyə girməyib; 

amitom dRevandel dRidan 

samudamod vubrundebi mas (iqve, 113) _ 

Buna görə bu gündən həmişəlik ona 

qayıdıram; 

dilidanve daviwyebdiT saxlis 

morTvas (leoniZe, 2001, 91) _ Səhərdən 

başlayırdıq evin bəzədilməsinə; 

TbilisisTvis brZola aqtiurad 

feodaluri saqarTvelos 

politikuri gaerTianebidan, e. i. X 

saukunis II naxevridan iwyeba 

(metreveli, 1986, 205-206) _ Tbilisi 

uğrunda fəal olaraq müharibə feodal 

Gürcüstanın siyasi birləşməsindən sonra, 

yəni X əsrin II yarısından başladı; 

igi moicavs periods 952 wlidan 

1136 wlamde (iqve, 27) Bu ara 952-ci ildən 

– 1136-cı ilə qədərdir; 

_gan Tandebuli daerTvis 

agreTve naTesaobiTi brunvis 

formasac. 

akaki SaniZe sagangebod 

miuTiTebs, rom naTesaobiTi brunvis 

formaze darTul _gan Tandebuls 

sxvadasxva mniSvneloba aqvs: “ a) 

aRniSnavs moqmed pirs saxelzmnasTan: 

... “Svilisagan dautirebeli”; b) 

aRniSnavs masalas, romlisaganac 

raime mzaddeba: “erTi xisgan baric 

gamova da niCabico”; g) aRniSnavs 

daSorebas, dacilebas, Tavis 

daRwevas: Tanamdebobisgan 

gaaTavisufles, xisgan Camoxsnes”; d) 

aRniSnavs gardauval zmnasTan da 

saxelznasTan mizezs... gvalvisagan 

yanebi sul gadaxma” (SaniZe, 1980, 602). 

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom 

“Tanamdebobisgan gaaTavisufles” 

tipis sityvaTSexamebis (daSorebis, 

Tavis daRwevis gamosaxatavad _gan 

Tandebuliani naTesaobiTis) xmareba, 

saliteraturo enis normaTa 

darRvevaa, naTesaobiTi brunvis 

nacvlad, moqmedebiTi brunva unda 

gamoyenebodes _ Tanamdebobidan

46 

gaaTavisufles, xidan Camoxsnes da a. 

S. 

_gan Tandebuliani sityvis 

Targmnisas azerbaijanulSi _dan, - 

dən niSani gadava: 

Cemgan midis... (ilia WavaWavaZe, 

2007, 208) - Məndən gedir… 

aba, ras gaigeb sulelisgan 

(mrelaSvili, 1990, 498) _ Axmaqdan nə 

başa düiəcəksən; 

mtrisgan okupirebul 

teritoriaze ar acdenen skolas? 

(mrelaSvili, 512) – Düşməndən işğal 

olunmuş ərazilərdə məktab buraxmırlar? 

maTgan axla sityvis Tqmis 

msurveli aravin gamoCnda (qiaCeli, 

2000, 52) _ Onlardən söz demek isteyan 

hek kim idi; 

Tasebs asxamda Tixisgan 

(robaqiZe, 1989, 32) – Gildən kasalar 

düzəldirdi. 

m. huseinzade naSromSi _ 

Tanamedrove …azerbaijanuli ena 

“müasir Azerbaycan dili” ganixilavs 

“gamosvliTi” çıxışlıq brunvis -dan, - 

dən niSnis xmarebis ramdenime 

SemTxvevas da aRniSnavs, rom igi 

gviCvenebs moqmedebis dawyebis 

wertils: Moskvadan qayıtdı - 

moskovidan dabrunda; 

warmogvidgeba rogorc mizezis 

garemoeba: Tənbəllikdən bu vəziyyətə 

düşdü – sizarmacis gamo 

(“sizarmacidan”) Cavarda am 

mdgomareobaSi; 

-dan, -dən niSani gamoiyeneba ori 

sagnis Sedarebisas: Araz Oktaydan 

qoçaqdır - arazi oqtaize (“oqtaidan”) 

yoCaRia; 

Yaşar Kamaldan yaxşı oxuyur - 

iaSari qamilze (“qamildan”) kargad 

swavlobs; 

daerTvis sxvadasxva 

metyvelebis nawils da drois 

garemoebas gamoxatavs: Dünəndən - 

guSinidan, Bu gündən - dReidan, 

Köhnədən – ZvelTagan (“Zvelidan”); 

-dan, -dən niSandarTuli saxeli 

win, winaswar, Semdeg... zmnizedebTan 

erTad drois garemoebis funqcias 

asrulebs: İclasdan əvvəl - sxdomis 


(“sxdomadan”) win; Bundan sonra - amis 

(“amidan”) Semdeg; 

igi gvxvdeba viTarebis 

garemoebis funqciiTac: birdan - uceb, 

Ucadan xmamaRla (“xmamaRlidan”), 

alcakdan - xmadabla (“xmadablidan”). 

m. huseinzade calke gamoyofs 

SemTxvevebs, rodesac çıxışlıq 

“gamosvliTi” brunvis niSani 

daerTvis arsebiT saxels da 

zedsarTavTan erTad Sedarebas 

gamoxatavs: sudan şəffaf _ wyalze 

(“wylidan”) Aankara, dildan ac - 

enaze (“enidan”) mware. 

mkvlevari sagangebod aRniSnavs, 

rom Tumca es niSani azerbaijanul 

enaSi mxolod erT brunvaSi 

dasturdeba, mas mainc mravli 

funqcia aqvs. Aaqve davZenT, rom 

“gamosvliTi” brunva gamoxatavs irib 

damatebas, magaliTad: Ninodan sorushdi 

- ninos (“ninodan”) hkiTxa. 

maSasadame, qarTulis _gan 

(_dan) Tandebulisagan gansxvavebiT, 

azerbaijanulis “gamosvliTi” 

brunvis niSans ufro meti funqcia 

aqvs. azerbaijanulidan qarTulad 

da qarTulidan azerbaijanulad 

Trgmnisas, aRreva xdeba TiTqmis 

yovelTvis, sadac dasturdeba -dan, - 

dən niSani, xolo qarTulSi _gan 

(_dan) Tandebuli: 

Tənbəllikdən düşdü – 

“sizarmacidan” Cavarda; 

Oktaydan qoçaqdır - oqtaize 

(“oqtaidan”) yoCaRia; 

Ninodan sorushdi - ninos 

(“ninodan”) hkiTxa; 

Kamaldan yaxşı oxuyur - iaSari 

qamilze (“qamildan”) kargad 

swavlobs; 

Bu gündən – dReidan, Köhnədən – 

ZvelTagan (“Zvelidan”); 

İclasdan əvvəl - sxdomis 

(“sxdomadan”) win; Bundan sonra - amis 

(“amidan”) Semdeg; 

birdan - uceb, Ucadan xmamaRla 

(“xmamaRlidan”), alcakdan - xmadabla 

(“xmadablidan”). 

maSasadame, Tu -dan, -dən 

niSniani sityva gamoxatavs mizezs, 

qarTulSi igi gadmoicema


naTesaobiTi brunvis formiTa da 

mizezis garemoebiT sizarmacis gamo 

(Tumca ara yovelTvis, Sdr.: Sen 

gamo). 

Sedareba gamoixateba –ze 

Tandebuliani micemiTiT: wyalze 

Ankara; damteba ki – micemiTi brunvis 

formiT: ninos hkiTxa da a. S. 

xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom 

msgavs SemTxvevebSi -dən niSnis 

gadmotana dauSvebelia. 

sailustracio masalis 

analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba 

davaskvnaT, rom mxolod oriode 

SemTxvevaa, rodesac moqmedebiT 

brunvaSi darTuli _gan Tandebuli 

emTxveva azerbaijanulis -dan, 

niSans, amis mizezi ki fonetikuri 

movlenebia. A 

amrigad, Tu -dan, -dən niSnian 

sityvas daesmis kiTxva - haradan 

saidan? nə vaxtdən_ rodidan? e. i. Tu 

gamoxatavs moqmedebis dawyebis 

adgilsa da dros, maSin 

gadaiTargmneba sityva, _dan ki 

ucvlelad gadmova: gayitardan _ 

literatura 

matareblidan, məktəbdən _ skolidan; 

seherdən _dilidan; birincigundan - 

orSabaTidan... 

xolo rodesac -dan, -dən niSani, 

qarTulis naTesaobiTi brunvis 

formaze darTuli _gan 

Tandebulis msgavsad gamoxatavs: 

masalas, kuTvnilebas, mizezs, da 

pasuxobs kiTxvaze: kimdan _ 

(“visgan”)? nedan _ (“risgan)”? 

qarTuli _gan Tandebuli unda 

gadmovitanoT: Ninodan getmek 

_“ninosgan wasvla”; Ağacdan duzeltmiş 

_ “xisgan gakeTebuli”; Soyuqdan 

titirilmiş _ `sicivisgan akankalebuli”... 

vfiqrobT, -dan, -dən brunvis 

niSnis xmarebis SemTxvevebi 

gamowvlilviT analizs moiTxovs, 

raTa azerbaijanulidan qarTulad 

da qarTulidan azerbaijanulad 

Targmnis dros SesaZlebeli gaxdes 

_ dan daboloebis meqanikurad 

gadatanis SemTxvevebis Semcireba. 

sarjvelaZe, 1997 - z. sarjvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli ena, Tb., 1997; 

SaniZe, 1980 - a. SaniZe, Txzulebani, III, Tbilisi, 1980; 

huseinzade, 1973M- Huseinzadə, Müasir Azerbaycan dili, morfogyia, III hisse, Baki, 1973. 

wyaroebi: 

vaJa fSavela, qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, wigni 5, Tbilisi, 2002; 

d. kldiaSvili, qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, wigni 7, Tbilisi, 2002; 

g. leoniZe, qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, wigni 14, Tbilisi, 2001; 

r. metreveli, daviT IV aRmaSenebeli, Tbilisi, 1986; 

l. mrelaSvili,rCeuli Txzulebani, I, 1990; 

gr. robaqiZe, gvelis perangi, falestra, Tbilisi, 1989; 

m. javaxiSvili, qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, wigni 10, Tbilisi, 2000; 

i. WavWavaZe, qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, wigni 3, Tbilisi, 2007. 

47

48 

Ana Babluani 

Teaching Azerbaijanians how to use preposition – “from” - gan (dan) 

ABSTRACT 


Unlike Georgian preposition -“from” - gan (dan) “outgoing” cases have more functions. 

When translating from Azerbaijani into Georgian and vice-versa where preposition -dan, dən 

and Georgian preposition –gan(dan) is used mixing usually occurs. In accordance with 

analysis of the illustrative material, we can conclude that only one case when a preposition - 

from in prepositional case agrees with Azerbaijani -dan as a result of assimilation and sound 

loss. So if a word with preposition “from” is asked: where … from? From which? Since 

when? That is the expression of place and time, then these would be translated into Georgian 

directly and preposition -dan carrying unchangeably: gayitardan – from train; məktəb dən – 

from school; səhər dən – from morning; birincigündən – from Monday. But when -dan, dən 

express material, belonging, cause and subject with questions: kimdən? From whom; nədən? 

which… from? Georgian preposition - gan (from) would be used in instrumental case: 

Ninodan getmek - go away from Nino; Ağacdan düzəltmiş - made from wood; Soyuqdan 

titrəmiş - shiver with cold. We think that -dan, dən requires a particular analysis for 

translation from Azerbajani into Georgian and vice-versa in order to avoid carrying this 

preposition -dan automatically.

S i n a a r s i

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