S inaarsi
S inaarsi
S inaarsi
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S i n a a r s i<br />
Jurnalis mizani da amocanebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 2<br />
rusudan Wanturia, erovnul umciresobaTa integracia<br />
multilingvuri ganaTlebis saSualebiT . . . gv. 3<br />
Salva tabataZe, bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi; ra arCevani<br />
aqvT saqarTveloSi sajaro skolebs . . . . . . . . gv. 7<br />
irina bagauri, submersia - bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
susti programa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 22<br />
kaxa gabunia, enisa da sagnobrivi S<strong>inaarsi</strong>s integrirebuli<br />
swavlebis Taviseburebebi bilingvur klasSi . . . . gv. 29<br />
irina SubiTiZe, xSirad dasmuli SekiTxvebi<br />
bilingvizmis irgvliv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 37<br />
nino SaraSeniZe, bilingvuri ganaTlebis sapilote skolebis<br />
maswavlebelTa treningi bakurianSi . . . . . . . . . gv. 43<br />
JurnalSi statiebis warmodgenisa da gaformebis wesi . . . . . . . gv. 46<br />
anotaciebi inglisur enaze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gv. 47
2<br />
Jurnalis mizani da amocanebi<br />
saqarTveloSi mimdinare politikuri<br />
da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis<br />
procesebma, agreTve qveynis erTian<br />
demokratiul sivrceSi integraciis<br />
swrafvam, bolo dros aqtualurad<br />
daayena saqarTveloSi bi/multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis sakiTxi. qveyanaSi<br />
Seqmnilia multilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
saxelmwifo politikis<br />
dokumenti. rig sajaro skolebSi<br />
daiwyo bilingvuri da multilingvuri<br />
programebis pilotireba<br />
calkeuli klasebisa Tu skolebis<br />
doneze.<br />
arsebul viTarebaSi Semdgom<br />
umniSvnelovanes nabijs warmoadgens<br />
bi/multilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis<br />
warmatebuli danergva, rac,<br />
Tavis mxriv, moiTxovs ganaTlebis<br />
sferoSi CarTuli yvela rgolis<br />
gaaqtiurebas. mniSvnelovania sazogadoebis<br />
mxridan am sistemis<br />
mxardaWera, kvalificiuri kadrebis<br />
CarTva, miRweuli Sedegebis Sefaseba,<br />
mecnieruli kvlevebis ganxorcieleba<br />
procesis mimdinareobisa da misi<br />
Sedegebis Sefasebisa da daxvewis<br />
mizniT.<br />
am procesSi metad mniSvnelovania<br />
agreTve Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso<br />
gamocdilebis gaziareba da mecniermkvlevarTa<br />
mxardaWera.<br />
unda iTqvas, rom dargis<br />
mravalmxrivobidan gamomdinare, dRes<br />
multilingvuri ganaTlebis sakiTxebze<br />
ara erTi mecnieruli sferos<br />
warmomadgeneli muSaobs. lingvistebi,<br />
farTo profilis filologebi,<br />
fsiqologebi, ganaTlebis specialistebi<br />
da humanitaruli, socialuri<br />
da politikuri mecnierebebis sxva<br />
warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad arian<br />
CarTulebi bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
Teoriuli Tu praqtikuli sakiTxebis<br />
kvlevaSi. Tumca, isic unda aRiniSnos,<br />
rom arsebobs rogorc mecnierTa,<br />
aseve praqtikosTa Soris komunikaciis<br />
seriozuli deficiti. am sferoSi<br />
moRvawe mecnierTa da praqtikosTa<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
nawili ar icnobs erTmaneTis Sromebs<br />
da saqmianobas. xSirad gansxvavebulia<br />
maT mier bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
ZiriTad samecniero terminTa gagebac<br />
ki. samwuxarod, qarTvel specialist-<br />
TaTvis naklebad aris xelmisawvdomi<br />
am dargSi arsebuli Tanamedrove<br />
saerTaSoriso kvlevebic. arada,<br />
dargis ganviTarebisTvis metad mniSvnelovania<br />
rogorc ukve arsebuli<br />
samecniero klvevebis gacnoba, aseve<br />
erTian samecniero terminologiaze<br />
SeTanxmeba, mecnierTa da praqtikosTa<br />
Soris komunikacia da maTi<br />
samecniero-kvleviTi naSromebisa da<br />
praqtikuli saqmianobis popularizacia.<br />
Jurnalis mizania, xeli Seuwyos<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis Sesaxeb<br />
codnis gavrcelebas, mecnierTa da<br />
praqtikosTa komunikacias, samecniero<br />
da akademiuri kvlevebis ganviTarebas,<br />
miRebuli Sedegebis Sesaxeb<br />
informaciis gavrcelebasa da maT<br />
praqtikul gamoyenebas.<br />
JurnalSi statiebi xuTi<br />
ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT iqneba<br />
warmodgenili: (1) bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis Teoria, kvleva, politika<br />
da praqtika; (2) saqarTveloSi<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis 40 sapilote<br />
skolaSi ganxorcielebuli programebisa<br />
da maTi Sedegebis Sesaxeb<br />
informacia; (3) enisa da sagnis<br />
integrirebuli swavlebis meTodologiuri<br />
aspeqtebi; (4) bilingvuri<br />
skolebisa da programebis marTva;<br />
(5) pasuxebi bilingvur ganaTlebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT dasmul SekiTxvebze.<br />
imedi gvaqvs, Jurnali xels<br />
Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis, rogorc mecnierebis<br />
interdisciplinaruli dargis ganviTarebas,<br />
am sferoSi moRvawe<br />
mecnierTa da praqtikosTa integracias<br />
da mulitilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programebis zogadi ganaTlebis<br />
sistemaSi danargvis efeqtianobas.
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
erovnul umciresobaTa integracia<br />
multilingvuri ganaTlebis saSualebiT<br />
rusudan Wanturia<br />
(saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier<br />
ganxorcielebuli da dagegmili RonisZiebebi `multilingvuri swavlebis<br />
xelSewyobis programis~ farglebSi)<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebis saministro axorcielebs<br />
erTian politikas, raTa uzrunvelyos<br />
ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba<br />
yvela moswavlisaTvis, maT Soris<br />
erovnuli umciresobebis warmomadgenelTaTvis.<br />
erovnul umciresobaTa<br />
warmomadgenlebis ganaTleba<br />
ganixileba ara mxolod maTi<br />
akademiuri miRwevebis gaumjobesebis,<br />
aramed maTi sazogadoebaSi integraciisa<br />
da Sromis bazarze<br />
dasaqmebis saSualebad. erovnul<br />
umciresobaTa ganaTlebis mimarT<br />
arsebuli erTiani politikis<br />
Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa<br />
da mecnierebis saministro<br />
miznad isaxavs erovnul<br />
umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebis<br />
samoqalaqo integracias multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis danergvis gziT.<br />
mravalenovani (multilingvuri)<br />
ganaTleba warmoadgens ganaTlebis<br />
iseT formas, sadac sxvadasxva<br />
sagnisa Tu saganTa jgufis<br />
swavlebis enad gamoiyeneba ori an<br />
meti ena. ramdenime enaze<br />
erTdroulad swavleba xels uwyobs<br />
moswavleebSi lingvisturi unarebis<br />
ganviTarebas. bilingvuri an<br />
multilingvuri ganaTleba bavSvebs<br />
enis ufro safuZvlianad da Rrmad<br />
Seswavlisa da misi efeqturad<br />
gamoyenebis saSualebas aZlevs.<br />
multilingvuri ganaTlebis miRebiT<br />
moswavle SeZlebs saxelmwifo da<br />
mSobliur enebze komunikacias da<br />
maT praqtikaSi gamoyenebas.<br />
rogorc araerTi kvleva<br />
cxadyofs, multilingvuri ganaTleba<br />
aris is gza, romelic xelsayrelia<br />
rogorc umravlesobis, ise<br />
umciresobis warmomadgenelTaTvis.<br />
ganaTlebis miReba mSobliur enaze<br />
bavSvebsa da moswavleebs TavianTi<br />
inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis<br />
sruli ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas<br />
aZlevs. amavdroulad, isini<br />
euflebian lingvistur unarebs im<br />
enaze, romelic maTTvis sasicocxlod<br />
aucilebelia. multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis miRebis kidev erTi<br />
ZiriTadi upiratesoba aris is, rom<br />
igi xels uwyobs interkulturuli<br />
Cvevebisa da tolerantobis<br />
ganviTarebas, rac, saboloo jamSi,<br />
mravaleTnikur qveyanaSi mSvidobiani<br />
sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas ganapirobebs.<br />
Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi<br />
multilingvuri ganaTleba aRqmul<br />
unda iqnes, rogorc samoqalaqo<br />
integraciis politikis efeqturi<br />
instrumenti, romelic erovnuli<br />
umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs<br />
saxelmwifo enis dauflebis ukeTes<br />
SesaZleblobas aZlevs da, amave<br />
3
4<br />
dros, uzrunvelyofs maTi<br />
mSobliuri enebis SenarCunebas.<br />
2008 wels saqarTvelos<br />
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis<br />
saministroSi euTos mxardaWeriT<br />
SemuSavda politikis dokumenti da<br />
samoqmedo gegma (2009-2014) `erovnul<br />
umciresobaTa integracia multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis saSualebiT~.<br />
multilingvuri swavlebis<br />
xelSewyobis programa eyrdnoba<br />
Semdeg ZiriTad principebs:<br />
xelmisawvdomobis principi:<br />
multilingvuri ganaTleba Tanabrad<br />
xelmisawvdomia yvela monawilisTvis;<br />
yvela skolas, swavlebis enisagan<br />
damoukideblad, aqvs ufleba<br />
SeimuSaos da danergos multilingvuri<br />
saganmanaTleblo programebi<br />
TavianTi resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
moswavleebisa da maTi<br />
mSoblebis saWiroebebis Sesabamisad.<br />
integraciis principi: saxelmwifoSi<br />
multilingvuri swavleba<br />
zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi<br />
unda iqnes integrirebuli.<br />
monawileobis principi: erovnuli<br />
umciresobis warmomadgenlebi<br />
farTo sazogadoebasTan erTad<br />
aqtiurad unda CaerTon multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis politikis<br />
ganviTarebasa da gatarebaSi.<br />
uwyvetobisa da Tanmimdevrobis<br />
principi: multilingvuri swavleba<br />
unda gaxdes ganaTlebis sistemis<br />
(skolamdeli ganaTlebidan profesiul<br />
da umaRles ganaTlebamde)<br />
ganuyofeli nawili da unda<br />
uzrunvelyos monawileTa warmatebuli<br />
gadasvla ganaTlebis<br />
Semdgom safexurze.<br />
TanamSromlobisa da pasuxismgeblobis<br />
principi: multilingvuri<br />
swavleba unda iyos nawili da unda<br />
iTvaliswinebdes pasuxismgebeli<br />
pirebis / organizaciebis CarTvasa<br />
da TanamSromlobas.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
samoqmedo gegmis Sesabamisad, 2009<br />
wlis 31 marts saqarTvelos<br />
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis<br />
ministris brZanebiT damtkicda<br />
`multilingvuri swavlebis xelSewyobis<br />
programa~. multilingvuri<br />
swavlebis programebis SemuSaveba da<br />
danergva qveynis masStabiT moiTxovs<br />
institucionaluri da adamianuri<br />
resursebis ganviTarebas. amis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos<br />
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis<br />
saministros mier 2009 wels daiwyo<br />
multilingvuri swavlebis programebis<br />
pilotireba 40 araqarTulenovan<br />
skolaSi (maT Soris<br />
sxvadasxva seqtoris mqone skolebSi).<br />
sapilote skolebis SesarCevad,<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebis saministros mier<br />
SemuSavda da yvela araqar-<br />
Tulenovan skolas daegzavna<br />
specialuri kiTxvari skolebis<br />
motivaciis, resursebis, bilingvur<br />
swavlebaSi skolebis gamocdilebisa<br />
da pirobebis dasadgenad. aRniSnuli<br />
kiTxvarebis damuSavebisa da<br />
analizis safuZvelze, SeirCa da<br />
multilingvuri swavlebis programebis<br />
pilotireba daiwyo 40<br />
araqarTulenovan skolaSi (maT<br />
Soris 13 skola _ qvemo qarTlis<br />
regionidan, 13 skola _ samcxejavaxeTis<br />
regionidan, 8 skola _<br />
Tbilisidan, 4 skola _ kaxeTis<br />
regionidan, 1 skola _ Sida<br />
qarTlidan, 1 _ skola imereTis<br />
regionidan).
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
2009 wels `multilingvuri<br />
swavlebis xelSewyobis<br />
programis” farglebSi Seiqmna<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebis saministros multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis samuSao<br />
jgufi, romelic pasuxismgebelia<br />
programis koordinirebaze,<br />
droul da efeqtur<br />
ganxorcielebaze da, aseve,<br />
programis monitoringsa da<br />
Sefasebaze.<br />
euTos eqspertebis daxmarebiT,<br />
2009 wlis agvisto-seqtemberSi<br />
saministros multilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
samuSao jgufis wevrebs<br />
CautardaT 10-ze meti treningi.<br />
programis farglebSi SeirCa 10<br />
adgilobrivi treneri, romelTa<br />
profesiuli gadamzadeba uzrunvelyves<br />
euTos saerTaSoriso<br />
eqspertebma.<br />
aseve, profesiuli treningebi<br />
Cautarda:<br />
40 sapilote skolis<br />
direqtors; 30 saganmanaTleblo<br />
resurscentris TanamSromels; 64<br />
akreditaciis eqsperts; 40 sapilote<br />
skolis 603 maswavlebels.<br />
2009 wels `multilingvuri<br />
swavlebis xelSewyobis programis~<br />
farglebSi SemuSavda multilin-<br />
gvuri swavlebis programebis<br />
Sefasebis instruqcia akreditaciis<br />
eqspertebisaTvis, multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis saxelmZRvanelos proeqti<br />
maswavleblebisaTvis, multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis programis<br />
monitoringisa da Sefasebis gegma<br />
da sainformacio broSurebi<br />
multilingvur ganaTlebaSi.<br />
2009 wlis 27 noembers<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebis saministros mier<br />
euTosa da aSS-s saerTaSoriso<br />
saagentos (USAID) mxardaWeriT,<br />
Catarda konferencia `multilingvuri<br />
ganaTleba saqarTveloSi~,<br />
romelic miznad isaxavda<br />
multilingvuri swavlebis xel-<br />
Sewyobis programis farglebSi ukve<br />
ganxorcielebuli da dagegmili<br />
RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb informaciis<br />
gavrcelebas. aseve, umciresobaTa<br />
ganaTlebis programebis Seqmnisa da<br />
danergvis sferoSi siaxleebis<br />
Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebas<br />
dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis, sapilote<br />
skolebis warmomadgenlebis<br />
winaSe angariSis wardgenas da<br />
samomavlo gegmebis Sesaxeb da<br />
erToblivi rekomendaciebis<br />
SemuSavebas programis gaumjo-<br />
5
6<br />
besebis SesaZlo gzebTan dakav-<br />
SirebiT.<br />
2010 wlis TebervalSi<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebis ministris brZanebiT<br />
damtkicebuli `multilingvuri<br />
swavlebis xelSewyobis programis~<br />
farglebSi araerTi RonisZieba<br />
igegmeba:<br />
skolebis multilingvuri programebis<br />
damtkiceba da registraciis<br />
meqanizmebis SemuSaveba;<br />
skolebisTvis damatebiTi saswavlo<br />
masalebis momzadeba da<br />
dabeWdva (maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo);<br />
satreningo modulis momzadeba,<br />
dabeWdva da darigeba;<br />
multilingvuri swavlebis<br />
Sesaxeb meTodologiuri filmis<br />
gadaReba;<br />
programis farglebSi SerCeuli<br />
sapilote skolebisaTvis miz-<br />
nobrivi subsidiebis gacema<br />
multilingvuri swavlebis programaSi<br />
CarTuli pedagogebisaTvis<br />
damatebiTi honoraris<br />
anazRaurebis mizniT.<br />
sapilote skolebis maswavleblebis<br />
da sameurveo sab-<br />
Woebis wevrebisaTvis 3 regionaluri<br />
seminaris Catareba;<br />
multilingvuri swavlebis programis<br />
sapilote skolebisaTvis<br />
saCuqrad gadasacemad TvalsaCinoebebis<br />
Sesyidva;<br />
multilingvuri swavlebis programis<br />
sapilote skolebisaTvis<br />
saCuqrad gadasacemad audiovideo<br />
teqnikis da qarTuli<br />
filmebis kompleqtis darigeba;<br />
sastarto kvlevis Catareba<br />
multilingvur ganaTlebaSi;<br />
sainformacio da sazogadoebrivi<br />
cnobierebis amaRlebis mizniT<br />
sxvadasxva RonisZiebis Catareba.<br />
`multilingvuri swavlebis xelSewyobis programis” farglebSi<br />
SerCeuli sapilote skolebi<br />
. . . . . .<br />
1. Tbilisis sajaro skola #146<br />
2. Tbilisis sajaro skola #152<br />
3. Tbilisis sajaro skola #64<br />
4. Tbilisis sajaro skola #132<br />
5. Tbilisis sajaro skola #83<br />
6. Tbilisis sajaro skola #136<br />
7. Tbilisis sajaro skola #96<br />
8. Tbilisis sajaro skola #41<br />
9. lagodexis yarajalis sajaro skola<br />
10. wiTelwyaros sajaro skola<br />
11. ganjalis sajaro skola<br />
12. iormuRanlos sajaro skola<br />
13. Tazaqendis sajaro skola<br />
14. qvemo saralis sajaro skola<br />
15. algeTi Tazaqendis sajaro skola<br />
16. marneulis sajaro skola #3<br />
17. marneulis sajaro skola #2<br />
18. vaxtangisis sajaro skola #1<br />
19. goris sajaro skola #6<br />
20. jandaris sajaro skola<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
21. qvemo bolnisis sajaro skola #1<br />
22. kizil-qilisis sajaro skola<br />
23. Saumianis sajaro skola #1<br />
24. aRTaqlis sajaro skola<br />
25. gardabnis yarajalis sajaro skola<br />
26. kapanaxCis sajaro skola #2<br />
27. samtrediis sajaro skola #4<br />
28. axalqalaqis sajaro skola #1<br />
29. axalqalaqis sajaro skola #2<br />
30. axalqalaqis sajaro skola #3<br />
31. axalqalaqis sajaro skola #4<br />
32. axalqalaqis sajaro skola #5<br />
33. sxvilisis sajaro skola<br />
34. axalcixis sajaro skola #2<br />
35. ninowmindis sajaro skola #1<br />
36. ninowmindis sajaro skola #2<br />
37. saTxis sajaro skola<br />
38. didi konduris sajaro skola<br />
39. ganZis sajaro skola #2<br />
40. gorelovkis sajaro skola #2
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
Salva tabataZe<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi; ra arCevani aqvT<br />
saqarTveloSi sajaro skolebs<br />
Sesavali<br />
Bbilingvuri / multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis Sesaxeb Catarebuli<br />
kvlevebis Sedegebi ZiriTadad<br />
pozitiurad afaseben bilingvuri<br />
swavlebis efeqts bavSvis enobrivi<br />
Tu kognituri ganviTarebisTvis<br />
(bekermani, 2005). garsia da skutnabkanjasi<br />
(1995) gamoyofen bi / multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis ramdenime<br />
pozitiur efeqts: a) kompetencia or<br />
an met enaSi; b) ganaTlebis Tanabari<br />
SesaZleblobebi; g) multikulturuloba<br />
da pozitiuri damokidebuleba<br />
rogorc sakuTari Tavis, agreTve<br />
sxva, gansxvavebuli kulturuli<br />
jgufebis mimarT. miuxedavad<br />
kvlevebis aseTi pozitiuri<br />
Sedegebisa, bi / multilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
politika rCeba erT-erT<br />
abstraqti<br />
winamdebare statiaSi ganxilulia bilingvuri ganaTlebis tipebi<br />
saqarTvelos konteqstSi eTnikur umciresobebTan mimarTebiT. statiis<br />
pirvel nawilSi warmodgenili iqneba skutnab-kanjasis mier gamoyofili<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis 10 tipi. meore nawili moicavs saqarTveloSi<br />
swavlebis enis mixedviT skolebis daxasiaTebas da am skolebis garSemo<br />
arsebul mdgomareobas. statiis mesame TavSi gaanalizebulia, saqarTvelos<br />
realobidan gamomdinare, bilingvuri ganaTlebis sxvadasxva programebis<br />
ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobebi da maTi efeqturobis sakiTxebi.<br />
yvelaze ufro sakamaTo Temad<br />
ganaTlebis politikaSi (bekermani,<br />
2005), radgan bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programis efeqturoba damokidebulia<br />
rogorc bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis programis saxeobaze,<br />
agreTve sxvadasxva mniSvnelovan<br />
faqtorze, rac gavlenas axdens<br />
swavla-swavlebis procesze.<br />
makkei, romelmac 1970 wels<br />
moaxdina bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
pirveli klasifikacia, gamoyofs<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis 90-ze met<br />
sxvadasxva maxasaTebels (beikeri,<br />
2006). bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
dayofis originaluri midgomaa<br />
programis miznebis Sesabamisad<br />
klasifikacia. am niSniT gamoyofen<br />
tranzitul da SemnarCunebel<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis saxeebs<br />
7
8<br />
(beikeri, 2006). tranzituli<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis mizania,<br />
uzrunvelyos umciresobaTa<br />
moswavlis mSobliuri enidan<br />
dominant enaze gadasvla. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi mTavari amocanaa<br />
moswavlis socialuri da<br />
kulturuli asimilacia.<br />
SemnarCunebeli bilingvuri<br />
ganaTleba xels uwyobs moswavlis<br />
mier sakuTari mSobliuri enis<br />
SenarCunebasa da kulturuli<br />
identobis formirebas (beikeri,<br />
2006).<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programebi dayofilia bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis `sust~ da `Zlier~<br />
programebad.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
tipologia<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
tipologia naTel suraTs iZleva<br />
misi mravalmxrivobis Sesaxeb.<br />
skutnab-kanjasma gamoyo bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis 10 tipi, romlebic<br />
gavrcelebulia msoflioSi.<br />
bilingval moswavleTa monolingvuri ganaTlebis formebi<br />
programis tipi moswavle swavlebis ena socialuri da<br />
saganmanaTleblo<br />
mizani<br />
submersia<br />
(struqturirebuli<br />
imersia<br />
submersia<br />
sakompensacio<br />
gakveTilebTan<br />
erTad<br />
lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
segregaciuli lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
umravlesobis<br />
ena<br />
umravlesobis<br />
ena umciresobis<br />
enis<br />
gakveTilebiT<br />
umciresobis ena<br />
(ZaldatanebiT<br />
arCevanis gareSe)<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
asimilacia /<br />
Semamcirebeli<br />
konteqsti<br />
asimilacia /<br />
Semamcirebeli<br />
konteqsti<br />
enobrivi<br />
mizani<br />
monolingvizmi<br />
monolingvizmi<br />
aparteidi monolingvizmi<br />
bilingval moswavleTa susti bilingvuri ganaTlebis formebi<br />
programis tipi moswavle swavlebis ena socialuri da<br />
saganmanaTleblo<br />
mizani<br />
enobrivi mizani<br />
tranzituli lingvisturi umciresobis asimilacia/<br />
SedarebiTi<br />
umciresoba enidan xdeba Semamcirebeli monolingvizmi<br />
umravlesobis<br />
enaze gadasvla<br />
konteqsti<br />
ZiriTadi/ ucxo lingvisturi umravlesobis SezRuduli<br />
SezRuduli<br />
enis swavlebiT umravlesoba ena, iswavleba konteqsti<br />
bilingvizmi<br />
umciresobis<br />
ucxo ena<br />
an<br />
separatistuli lingvisturi umciresobis ena avtonomia SezRuduli<br />
umciresoba (arCevanis<br />
gareSe)<br />
bilingvizmi
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
bilingval moswavleTa Zlieri bilingvuri ganaTlebis formebi<br />
programis tipi moswavle swavlebis ena socialuri da<br />
saganmanaTleblo<br />
mizani<br />
enobrivi mizani<br />
imersia lingvisturi or enaze pluralizmi,<br />
bilingvizmi da<br />
umravlesoba swavleba, meore gamamdidrebeli da ormagi<br />
enaze swavlebis Semmatebeli<br />
wigniereba<br />
gansakuTrebuli<br />
aqcentiT sawyis<br />
etapze<br />
konteqsti<br />
umciresobaTa enis lingvisturi or enaze, enis SenarCuneba, bilingvizmi da<br />
SenarCunebis<br />
umciresoba mSobliur enaze pluralizmi,<br />
ormagi<br />
programa<br />
swavlebis gamamdidrebeli da wigniereba<br />
aqcentirebiT Semmatebeli<br />
sawyis etapze konteqsti<br />
dualuri<br />
Sereuli<br />
umciresobisa da enis SenarCuneba, bilingvizmi da<br />
bilingvuri<br />
klasi/lingvistu umravlesobis pluralizmi,<br />
ormagi<br />
ganaTleba<br />
ri umravlesoba ena<br />
gamamdidrebeli da wigniereba<br />
da lingvisturi<br />
Semmatebeli<br />
umciresoba<br />
konteqsti<br />
umravlesobis lingvisturi umravlesobis enis SenarCuneba da bilingvizmi<br />
enebze bilingvuri umravlesoba ori ena, ormagi wigniereba,<br />
programa<br />
pluralizmi gamamdidrebeli<br />
Semmatebeli<br />
konteqsti<br />
da<br />
beikeri, bilingvuri ganaTlebisa da bilingvizmis safuZvlebi, meoTxe gamocema, 2010, gv. 218-219<br />
submersia<br />
submersiis dros umciresobis<br />
warmomadgeneli moswavle enis<br />
codnis gareSe xvdeba klasSi, sadac<br />
swavleba sxva enaze mimdinareobs an<br />
klasSi yvela bavSvi umciresobas<br />
miekuTvneba, xolo swavleba<br />
umravlesobis enaze mimdinareobs.<br />
submersia sakompensacio<br />
gakveTilebTan erTad<br />
submersiis saxeobaa, romel-<br />
Sic umciresobis warmomadgenel<br />
moswavleebs yoveldRiurad<br />
utardebaT umravlesobis enis<br />
gakveTilebi da/an organizebuli<br />
aqvT specialuri gakveTilebi, ro-<br />
mlebzec sagnis Sinaarss xelmeored<br />
uTxroben martivi eniT meore enaze.<br />
es modeli xSirad amarTlebs, raTa<br />
umciresobaTa warmomadgeneli bavSvebi<br />
ar CamorCnen programas da<br />
umravlesobis warmomadgenel bavSvebs<br />
gauTanabrdnen enis codnaSi.<br />
segregaciuli<br />
saxelmwifo politikaa,<br />
romelic miznad isaxavs skolaSi<br />
swavlebas mxolod umciresobis<br />
enaze. oficialuri enis codnis<br />
ukmarisobis gamo, aseTi skolebis<br />
kursdamTavrebulebs ar aqvT arc<br />
swavlis gagrZelebis SesaZlebloba<br />
da arc konkurentunarianebi arian<br />
samuSao bazarze. segregaciuli<br />
modelis dros ar arsebobs arCeva-<br />
9
10<br />
nis saSualeba, anu umciresobis<br />
moswavleebs ar aqvT saSualeba,<br />
Seiswavlon umravlesobis ena an<br />
iswavlon segregaciulisgan gansxvavebuli<br />
programis skolaSi. Ees<br />
modeli warmoadgens saxelmwifos<br />
mizanmimarTul politikas, rodesac<br />
surT, umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebi<br />
hyavdeT daqvemdebarebul<br />
mdgomareobaSi da ganaTlebis gziT<br />
ar moxdes maTSi socialuri<br />
mobiloba.<br />
gardamavali (tranzituli)<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba<br />
umciresobis ena umravlesobis<br />
enis paralelurad gamoiyeneba,<br />
rogorc swavlebis ena. umravlesobis<br />
eniT datvirTva Tanda-<br />
TanobiTi imatebs. aseTi modeli<br />
bavSvebs realuri cxovrebisTvis<br />
amzadebs, romelSic, ZiriTadad,<br />
umravlesobis enis gamoyeneba<br />
mouwevT. amave dros, umciresobis<br />
enis aTvisebisa da gaumjobesebis<br />
SesaZleblobas iZleva.<br />
am modelis mizania meore enis<br />
codnis aTvisebaze aqcentireba<br />
sagnis S<strong>inaarsi</strong>s ukana planze<br />
gadatanis xarjze.<br />
ZiriTadi/ ucxo enis swavlebiT<br />
aRniSnul programaSi moswavleebi<br />
arian umravlesobis warmomadgenlebi<br />
da am skolebSi<br />
swavlebis ena maTi mSobliuri anu<br />
umravlesobis enaa. am skolebSi<br />
iswavleba mxolod erTi ucxo ena,<br />
rogorc sagani, sxva sagnebis<br />
msgavsad. es midgoma absoluturad<br />
gansxvavdeba midgomisgan, roca sa-<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
gani iswavleba ama Tu im enis<br />
saSualebiT.<br />
separatistuli<br />
am modelis mizani, iseve,<br />
rogorc segregaciul bilingvur<br />
ganaTlebaSi, monolingvizmi da<br />
monokulturulobaa. am or models<br />
gamoarCevs is, rom separatistuli<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba saxelmwifo<br />
politika ki ar aris, aramed TviT<br />
umciresobis arCevania. am tipis<br />
ganaTleba gvxvdeba, roca umciresobebi<br />
irCeven mxolod sakuTar<br />
mSobliur enaze ganaTlebis miRebas<br />
_ monolingvizmsa da monokulturizms.<br />
Semehornma (1970) amas<br />
uwoda '`separatistuli~ ganaTleba,<br />
roca umciresobebi cdiloben<br />
umravlesobisgan distancirebas da<br />
xazs usvamen TavianT damoukidebel<br />
arsebobas. separatuli ganaTlebis<br />
mizani SeiZleba iyos sakuTari enis<br />
umravlesobis enis gavlenisgan<br />
dacva, politikuri, ekonomikuri an<br />
kulturuli avtonomia da a.S.<br />
imersia<br />
es programa kanadaSi<br />
ganaviTares, sadac ori saxelmwifo<br />
enaa. iq Seiqmna ganaTlebis modeli,<br />
romelSic mxolod inglisurad<br />
molaparake ojaxebidan bavSvebs<br />
erTaderTi an dominanti swavlebis<br />
ena franguli hqondaT, inglisuri<br />
ena mxolod SemdgomSi ematebodaT.<br />
imersia terminia, romelic<br />
ramdenime gansxvavebul programas<br />
moicavs. aqedan yvelaze<br />
popularulia adreuli totaluri<br />
imersia. am modelis ganaTlebis<br />
programiT pirveli ori wlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi yvela sagnis swavleba<br />
meore enaze mimdinareobs. bavSvis
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
mSobliuri enis swavleba mxolod<br />
mesame wlidan iwyeba. yovelwliurad<br />
mSobliuri enis swavlebis<br />
moculoba sul ufro izrdeba,<br />
bolo klasebSi sagnebis umetesi<br />
nawilis swavleba mSobliur enaze<br />
mimdinareobs, xolo meore enaze<br />
mxolod ramdenime sagani iswavleba.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba umciresobis<br />
enis SesanarCuneblad<br />
aseTi tipis skolebis<br />
umciresobis warmomadgeneli<br />
bavSvebi umciresobis enas, rogorc<br />
saswavlo enas, iyeneben, magram<br />
saboloo mizania umravlesobisa da<br />
umciresobis enebSi sruli<br />
bilingvizmi. umravlesobis ena<br />
swavlebis sagania, zogierT<br />
SemTxvevaSi masze mimdinareobs sxva<br />
sagnebis swavlebac. am meTodma rom<br />
Sedegi gamoiRos, saWiroa sakmaod<br />
Zlieri umravlesobis enis<br />
matarebeli garemocva.<br />
dualuri (orenovani) bilingvuri<br />
ganaTleba<br />
programa Seiqmna, raTa<br />
umravlesobisa da umciresobis<br />
warmomadgenel bavSvebs erT<br />
skolaSi SeeZloT swavla. modelis<br />
mizania, skolis bavSvebis orive<br />
jgufs sakmaod maRal doneze<br />
Seaswavlon ori ena, aseve, erTmaneTisa<br />
da meore xalxis kulturis<br />
mimarT pativiscema aRizardos<br />
maTSi. moswavleebi enasa da sxva<br />
eris kulturisadmi pozitiur<br />
damokidebulebas iTviseben ara<br />
mxolod swavlis procesSi, aramed<br />
erTmaneTTan urTierTobis drosac.<br />
saswavlo procesSi orive ena<br />
gamoiyeneba. maT sistematizebis<br />
gareSe iyeneben: magaliTad, erT<br />
dRes romelime sagans erT enaze<br />
aswavlian, xolo sxva dRes - meore<br />
11<br />
enaze. aseve, orive ena iswavleba,<br />
rogorc saswavlo sagani. skolis<br />
TanamSromlebic orenovanni unda<br />
iyvnen. kolin beikeri gamoyofs<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis Semmatebel<br />
da Semamcirebel konteqsts.<br />
Semamcirebelia konteqsti, roca<br />
meore enis aTviseba xdeba<br />
mSobliuri enis dakargvis xarjze,<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis Semmatebeli<br />
konteqstia, roca mSobliur enasTan<br />
erTad iswavleba meore ena.<br />
aRiarebulia, rom bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis Zlieri formebi ufro<br />
efeqturia, radgan adgili aqvs<br />
Semmatebel konteqsts, rac<br />
pozitiurad aisaxeba rogorc enaTa<br />
aTvisebis, aseve moswavlis<br />
kognituri, socialuri da emociuri<br />
ganviTarebis procesze.<br />
umravlesobis enebze bilingvuri<br />
programa<br />
umravlesobis enebze bilingvuri<br />
ganaTleba gulisxmobs<br />
umravlesobis ori an meti enis<br />
gamoyenebas swavlebis procesSi.<br />
aRniSnul programaSi CarTulni<br />
arian umravlesobis warmomadgeneli<br />
moswavleebi. am skolebis mizani<br />
bilingvizmi an multilingvizmi,<br />
ormagi wigniereba da kulturuli<br />
pluralizmia (mexia, 2002). msgavsi<br />
tipis skolebi iseT sazogadoebebSia<br />
gavrcelebuli, romlebic<br />
ukve bilingvali an multilingvalia<br />
(singapuri, luqsemburgi).
12<br />
saqarTveloSi eTnikuri<br />
umciresobebisTvis arsebuli<br />
viTareba bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programebis TvalsazrisiT<br />
saqarTveloSi 234 araqar-<br />
Tulenovani sajaro skola<br />
funqcionirebs, rac sajaro<br />
skolebis saerTo raodenobis<br />
2404<br />
aRniSnuli monacemebiT<br />
saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 72 000<br />
eTnikurad araqarTveli moswavlea,<br />
romelTagan 67 953 moswavle anu<br />
daaxloebiT 94% araqarTulenovan<br />
swavlebis ena<br />
34556<br />
205<br />
50<br />
28712 4731 35721 16821<br />
daaxloebiT 11%-s Seadgens<br />
(tabataZe, 2010). saqarTvelos<br />
mosaxleobis eTnikuri mravalferovnebis<br />
msgavsad, sajaro skolis<br />
moswavleTa Semadgenlobac mravalferovnebiT<br />
xasiaTdeba. skolis<br />
moswavleTa eTnikuri jgufebi<br />
raodenobis mixedviT qvemoT<br />
moyvanil sqemaSia warmodgenili<br />
(tabataZe, 2009):<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, 2007<br />
skolebi Sereuli enobrivi<br />
seqtorebiT<br />
skolebis<br />
raodenoba<br />
20<br />
469793<br />
6142<br />
moswavleebis<br />
raodenoba<br />
skolebSi (sufTa an Sereul enobriv<br />
seqtorebSi) swavlobs. araqarTulenovan<br />
moswavleTa 6% ki<br />
qarTulenovan skolebSia warmodgenili<br />
(tabataZe, 2010):<br />
skolebi sufTa enobrivi<br />
seqtorebiT<br />
skolebis<br />
raodenoba<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
qarTveli<br />
azerbaijaneli<br />
somexi<br />
moswavleebis<br />
raodenoba<br />
azerbaijanuli 124 27442 94 18462<br />
somxuri 140 15592 124 14944<br />
rusuli 135 24512 14 3748<br />
osuri 3 165 1 60<br />
sxva 2 242 1 37<br />
rusi<br />
afxazi<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, 2009 (EMIS)<br />
osi<br />
berZeni<br />
ebraeli<br />
ukraineli<br />
belorusi<br />
qurTi<br />
germaneli<br />
poloneli<br />
litveli<br />
aisori<br />
sxva
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis<br />
saministrom 2009 wlis 31 marts<br />
daiwyo `multilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programa, romlis farglebSic 234<br />
araqarTulenovani skolidan SeirCa<br />
40 sapilote skola bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis gansaxorcieleblad<br />
(ganaTlebis da mecnierebis<br />
saministro, 2009).<br />
Tu aRniSnul monacemebs<br />
bilingvuri swavlebis programebis<br />
mixedviT davalagebT, saqarTveloSi<br />
lingvisturi umciresobebis moswavleTaTvis<br />
bilingvuri programebis<br />
saxesxvaobebis Semdegi suraTi<br />
gamoikveTeba, romelic saqarTvelosTvisaa<br />
specifikurad damaxasiaTebeli<br />
da ar warmoadgens<br />
bilingvuri programebis gavrcelebuli<br />
tipologiis pirdapir<br />
analogs:<br />
umciresobaTa moswavleebis monolingvuri ganaTlebis formebi<br />
programis tipi moswavle swavlebis ena socialuri da<br />
saganmanaTleblo<br />
mizani<br />
submersia lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
umravlesobis<br />
ena<br />
asimilacia /<br />
Semamcirebeli<br />
konteqsti<br />
umciresobaTa moswavleebis susti bilingvuri ganaTlebis formebi<br />
programis tipi moswavle swavlebis ena socialuri da<br />
ZiriTadi, ucxo<br />
enis swavlebiT<br />
mSobliuri ena/<br />
meore enis<br />
swavlebiT<br />
lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
aRniSnuli sami modelis<br />
pirobebSi efeqturi Sedegebis miR-<br />
weva, rogorc enobrivi<br />
kompetenciebis, agreTve akademiuri<br />
moswrebis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
praqtikulad, SeuZlebelia, ris<br />
dadasturebac eTnikuri<br />
umciresobebis moswavleTa Sedegebia<br />
erTian erovnul gamocdebze,<br />
saskოlo olimpiadebsa da a.S.<br />
dabali Sedegebis gamomwvevi<br />
umravlesobis<br />
ena, iswavleba<br />
ucxo ena<br />
umciresobis ena,<br />
iswavleba meore<br />
(saxelmwifo) ena<br />
saganmanaTleblo<br />
mizani<br />
asimilacia /<br />
Semamcirebeli<br />
konteqsti<br />
enobrivi<br />
mizani<br />
monolingvizmi<br />
enobrivi<br />
mizani<br />
SezRuduli<br />
bilingvizmi<br />
SezRuduli SezRuduli<br />
bilingvizmi<br />
mravali faqtori SeiZleba arsebob-<br />
des, Tumca arsebuli modelebic<br />
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani safuZvelia<br />
warumateblobisTvis, Tuki<br />
msoflioSi arsebul gamocdilebas<br />
daveyrdnobiT, dadasturebulia<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis `Zlieri~<br />
modelebis efeqturoba `sust~<br />
modelebTan da monolingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis sistemebTan SedarebiT.<br />
13<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi<br />
arsebobs bilingvuri
14<br />
ganaTlebis kidev erTi modeli,<br />
romelic zemoT warmodgenil,<br />
msoflioSi gavrcelebul modelTa<br />
klasifikaciaSi ar Tavsdeba da<br />
specifikurad saqarTvelosTvis aris<br />
damaxasiaTebeli. kerZod, saqarTveloSi<br />
funqcionirebs 14 rusulenovani<br />
skola da 135 rusulenovani<br />
seqtori. Aam skolebis da<br />
seqtorebis moswavleTa raodenoba<br />
28260 moswavles Seadgens (24 512<br />
rusul seqtorebSi da 3748<br />
rusulenovan skolebSi). ganaTlebis<br />
da mecnierebis saministros 2007<br />
wlis monacemebs Tu daveyrdnobiT,<br />
rusi erovnebis moswavleTa<br />
raodenoba mTel saqarTveloSi<br />
mxolod 4732 moswavlea. aRniSnuli<br />
statistikiT ki naTelia, rom<br />
rusulenovani skolebis an<br />
seqtorebis moswavleTa didi<br />
nawilisTvis rusuli ena mSobliuri<br />
ena ar aris. am skolebis<br />
moswavleTa zusti raodenobis<br />
gansazRvra, visTvisac rusuli ena<br />
mSobliuri ar aris, rTulia, radgan<br />
xSirad saqarTveloSi eTnikuri da<br />
lingvisturi foni erTmaneTs ar<br />
emTxveva. magaliTad, eTnikuri<br />
somxebis nawilisTvis mSobliuri<br />
ena SeiZleba rusuli iyos, radgan,<br />
mSoblebis rusulenovani ganaTlebis<br />
gamo, saojaxo ena rusulia.<br />
miuxedavad amisa, moswavleTa<br />
raodenoba, romlebisTvisac rusuli<br />
ena mSobliuri ena ar aris mainc<br />
sakmaod maRalia. anu am skolebSi,<br />
moswavleTa didi nawilisTvis<br />
swavlebis enad gamoiyeneba arc<br />
mSobliuri da arc dominanti ena. am<br />
models SeiZleba `prestiJulsaemigracio~<br />
modeli vuwodoT da<br />
es modeli mxolod saqarTvelos<br />
specifikisTvis gamoviyenoT.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis SesaZlo<br />
programebi saqarTveloSi<br />
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis<br />
saministrom adgilobriv saeqsperto<br />
jgufebTan da latviel konsultantebTan<br />
muSaobis Sedegad,<br />
SeimuSava bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programis debulebis proeqtis<br />
samuSao versia, romelSic, saqarTvelos<br />
realobidan gamomdinare,<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis yvela<br />
SesaZlo programaa warmodgenili:<br />
umciresobaTa moswavleebis susti bilingvuri ganaTlebis formebi<br />
programis tipi moswavle swavlebis ena socialuri da<br />
saganmanaTleblo<br />
mizani<br />
prestiJuli<br />
saerTaSoriso ena /<br />
meore enis<br />
swavlebiT<br />
lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
saerTaSoriso<br />
ena, iswavleba<br />
meore<br />
(saxelmwifo) ena<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
enobrivi<br />
mizani<br />
emigracia Semamcirebeli<br />
konteqsti,<br />
SezRuduli<br />
bilingvizmi
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
bilingval moswavleTa susti bilingvuri ganaTlebis formebi<br />
programis tipi moswavle swavlebis ena socialuri da<br />
tranzituli lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
mSobliuri enis<br />
mxardaWeris<br />
multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis<br />
programa<br />
radikaluri<br />
multilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis<br />
programa<br />
Sereuli<br />
bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis<br />
programa<br />
lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
umciresobis<br />
enidan xdeba<br />
umravlesobis<br />
enaze gadasvla<br />
umravlesobis<br />
ena,<br />
umciresobaTa<br />
ena iswavleba<br />
erTi sagnis<br />
saxiT umciresobis ena,<br />
saxelmwifo ena<br />
iswavleba erTi<br />
sagnis saxiT<br />
arc mSobliuri,<br />
arc saxelmwifo,<br />
aramed<br />
saemigracio ena,<br />
saxelmwifo an<br />
saxelmwifo da<br />
mSobliur enaze<br />
swavlebaze<br />
gadasvla xdeba<br />
etapobrivad<br />
saganmanaTleblo<br />
mizani<br />
asimilacia/<br />
Semamcirebeli<br />
konteqsti<br />
SezRuduli,<br />
Semamcirebeli<br />
konteqsti<br />
SezRuduli,<br />
Semamcirebeli<br />
konteqsti<br />
emigracia,<br />
Semamcirebeli<br />
konteqsti<br />
bilingval moswavleTa Zlieri bilingvuri ganaTlebis formebi<br />
programis tipi moswavle swavlebis ena socialuri da<br />
gamamdidrebeli<br />
bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis<br />
programa<br />
dualuri<br />
bilingvuri<br />
ganaTleba<br />
lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
Sereuli<br />
klasi/lingvistu<br />
ri umravlesoba<br />
da lingvisturi<br />
umciresoba<br />
warmodgenili cxrilidan<br />
TvalnaTelia, rom mxolod ori<br />
programaa `Zlieri~ bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programa, xolo oTxi<br />
programa bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
`susti~ programebis ricxvs mie-<br />
or enaze,<br />
mSobliur enaze<br />
swavlebis<br />
aqcentirebiT<br />
sawyis etapze<br />
umciresobis da<br />
umravlesobis<br />
ena<br />
saganmanaTleblo<br />
mizani<br />
enis SenarCuneba,<br />
pluralizmi,<br />
gamamdidrebeli da<br />
Semmatebeli<br />
konteqsti<br />
enis SenarCuneba,<br />
pluralizmi,<br />
gamamdidrebeli da<br />
Semmatebeli<br />
konteqsti<br />
enobrivi<br />
mizani<br />
SedarebiTi<br />
monolingvizmi<br />
SezRuduli<br />
bilingvizmi<br />
SezRuduli<br />
bilingvizmi<br />
SezRuduli<br />
bilingvizmi an<br />
trilingvizmi<br />
enobrivi mizani<br />
bilingvizmi da<br />
ormagi<br />
wigniereba<br />
bilingvizmi da<br />
ormagi<br />
wigniereba<br />
kuTvneba. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis<br />
saministros mier winaswar Catarebuli<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegad gamoCnda,<br />
rom arsebuli viTarebidan<br />
gamomdinare, skolaTa umravlesoba<br />
arCevs `susti~ bilingvuri ganaT-<br />
15
16<br />
lebis programas, romelic administrirebisa<br />
da ganxorcielebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, ufro martivia da<br />
ufro axlos dgas dRes arsebul<br />
viTarebasTan.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis<br />
samomavlo perspeqtivebi<br />
saqarTveloSi<br />
arsebuli realobidan gamomdinare,<br />
umciresobaTa ganaTlebasTan<br />
sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba<br />
ikveTeba: (1) submersia, rodesac<br />
umciresobaTa moswavleebi swavloben<br />
qarTulenovan skolebSi da<br />
aseTi moswavleebis raodenoba,<br />
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, umciresobaTa<br />
moswavleebis saerTo<br />
raodenobis 6% Seadgens; (2)<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis oTxi `susti<br />
programa; (3) bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
2 `Zlieri~ programa. statiis am<br />
nawilSi TiToeuli am mimar-<br />
TulebiT arsebul mdgomareobaze<br />
gavamaxvileb yuradRebas.<br />
submersiis programebSi<br />
Svilebis CarTva mSoblis arCevania<br />
da am arCevanis ufleba aqvT, Tumca<br />
aq mniSvnelovania, rom aqcenti<br />
ramdenime mimarTulebiT gakeTdes:<br />
(a) mSoblebis informirebuloba<br />
submersiuli programebis efeqturobisa<br />
da araefeqturobis<br />
Sesaxeb, raTa mSoblebs mieceT<br />
informirebuli gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebisa da arCevanis saSualeba; (2)<br />
submersiuli programebis SemTxvevaSi,<br />
SesaZlebelia umciresobaTa<br />
moswavleebisTvis sakompensacio<br />
gakveTilebis organizebaze an<br />
individualuri saswavlo gegmiT<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
swavlebaze fiqri, Tumca isic<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom arc erTi msgavsi<br />
praqtika bolomde efeqturi ar<br />
aris, Tumca, met–naklebad amcirebs<br />
submersiis programebis negatiur<br />
Sedegebs; (3) mniSvnelovania<br />
qarTulenovani skolebis momzadeba,<br />
romlebic, realobidan gamomdinare,<br />
iZulebulni arian, lingvisturi<br />
umciresobis moswavleTa ganaTlebaze<br />
izrunon. aRniSnuli momzadeba<br />
mniSvnelovania interkulturuli<br />
ganaTlebis, bilingvuri ganaTlebis,<br />
individualuri saswavlo gegmis<br />
Sedgenisa da a.S. mimarTulebebiT.<br />
araqarTulenovani skolebis<br />
mier `susti~ bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programebis arCevam SeiZleba<br />
sakmaod negatiurad imoqmedos<br />
rogorc am programebis efeqturobaze,<br />
agreTve mTlianad bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis reformaze. amis<br />
gamocdileba arsebobs, Tundac<br />
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis<br />
magaliTze, sadac me-20 saukunis 70iani<br />
wlebidan mimdinareobda<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis aRmavloba.<br />
keit beikerma da de kanterma (1983)<br />
mimoixiles bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
efeqturobis Sesaxeb tranzituli<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebi.<br />
`susti~ bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programebis analizze dayrdnobiT<br />
gaakeTes bilingvur swavlebaze<br />
negatiuri daskvna. saqarTveloSic<br />
mxolod `susti bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis programebis amuSavebam<br />
SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas am<br />
programebis efeqturobis gaazrebas.<br />
amitom mniSvnelovania, rom<br />
maqsimaluri aqcenti gakeTdes<br />
`Zlieri~ bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programebis ganxorcielebaze da<br />
skolebs xeli SeewyoT bilingvuri
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
ganaTlebis Zlieri programebis<br />
dagegmvasa da ganxorcielebaSi.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
`susti~ programebis farglebSi,<br />
mniSvnelovania zemoT aRniSnuli<br />
`prestiJul-saemigracio~ modelis<br />
gadamuSaveba. aRniSnuli programis<br />
farglebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo<br />
xarjavs did Tanxebs<br />
`emigrantebis~ ganaTlebaSi da<br />
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier<br />
Seqmnili inteleqtualuri resursis<br />
gamoyeneba sxva saxelmwifoebis mier<br />
xdeba. mniSvnelovania `prestiJulsaemigracio~<br />
modelis skolebis<br />
transformireba `Zlieri~ bilingvuri<br />
/ trilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programebad. am miznis misaRwevad<br />
kargad gaazrebuli programis<br />
SemuSavebaa mniSvnelovani da<br />
SesaZlebelia am skolebis ganxilva<br />
calke konteqstSic moxdes.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
`Zlieri~ programebis efeqturoba<br />
ramdenime faqtorzea damokidebuli,<br />
romelTagan saqarTvelos realobisaTvis<br />
ramdenime yvelaze<br />
aqtualurze gavamaxvilebT yurad-<br />
Rebas:<br />
kadrebis SerCeva: kvalificiuri<br />
kadrebi aris bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebisTvis programebis efeqturobis<br />
ganmsazRvreli faqtori<br />
(varghese, 2004). Sesabamisad,<br />
maswavlebelTa treningsa da<br />
profesiul ganviTarebas udidesi<br />
roli eniWeba. dabali kvalifikaciis<br />
maswavlebeli bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
seriozul safrTxes warmoadgens.<br />
bilingvuri programebis<br />
pedagogebma unda icodnen swavlebis<br />
saTanado strategiebi, gaaCndeT<br />
saswavlo resursi, pozitiuri<br />
damokidebuleba hqondeT umcireso-<br />
17<br />
baTa moswavleebisadmi (bensoni,<br />
2004). rogorc bensoni aRniSnavs,<br />
bilingvuri programis maswavlebeli<br />
unda iyos `pedagogi, lingvisti,<br />
Semoqmedi, inovaciuri azrovnebis<br />
mqone, maRali interkulturuli<br />
mgrZnobelobis mqone da, amasTanave,<br />
pozitiuri damokidebuleba unda<br />
hqondes bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programebis mimarT~ __ bensoni,<br />
2004, gv. 207-208). bilingvuri<br />
programis maswavlebeli aqtiurad<br />
unda iyos CarTuli klasgareSe<br />
aqtivobebSi, moswavleTa mSoblebTan<br />
da TemTan urTierTobebSi;<br />
amasTanave, sasurvelia, bilingvuri<br />
programis maswavlebeli iyos<br />
bilingvali, anu magaliTs<br />
warmoadgens moswavleTaTvis. am<br />
standartisa da moTxovnebis<br />
Sesabamisi maswavlebeli ki<br />
araqarTulenovan skolebSi Zalian<br />
cotaa. Sesabamisad, bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis `Zlieri~ programebis<br />
danergvisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis<br />
umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa am<br />
programebisTvis maswavlebelTa<br />
gadamzadebisa da momzadebis<br />
procesis inicireba.<br />
filmori da snou (2000)<br />
miuTiTeben, rom bilingvuri klasis<br />
maswavlebeli unda movamzadoT<br />
yvela im mimarTulebiT, ra funqciis<br />
Sesrulebac uwevs mas, kerZod,<br />
maswavleblebi arian ganmanaTleblebi,<br />
Semfaseblebi, moqalaqeebi,<br />
socializaciis agentebi da,<br />
amasTanave, amyareben komunikacias<br />
klasSi. maswavlebelTa gadamzadebisa<br />
da momzadebis gansxvavebuli<br />
modelebi arsebobs. pirveli<br />
modelis mixedviT, es procesi Tavis<br />
Tavze aRebuli aqvT umaRles<br />
saswavleblebs, magaliTad fineTSi,
18<br />
vaasis universitetSi, mzaddebian<br />
bilingvuri skolebisTvis maswavleblebi.<br />
gansxvavebuli modelia<br />
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, sadac<br />
pedagogTa mentorebi, maswavlebel-<br />
Ta profesiuli ganviTarebis<br />
programebis farglebSi, amzadeben<br />
specialurad bilingvuri skolebisTvis<br />
maswavleblebs (beikeri,<br />
2006). mesame tipis modelia, rodesac<br />
saxelmwifos mier dafuZnebuli<br />
specializebuli samsaxurebi uzrunvelyofen<br />
bilingvuri programebisTvis<br />
maswavlebelTa momzadebas. am<br />
modelis naTel magaliTs<br />
warmoadgens latvia, sadac latviuri<br />
enis daufleba da bilingvuri<br />
skolebis maswavlebelTa gadamzadeba<br />
saxelmwifo saagentos mier<br />
xorcieldeba.<br />
saqarTvelos realobaSi<br />
SesaZlebelia Sereuli modelis<br />
arCeva, rac gulisxmobs moqmedi<br />
maswavleblebis gadamzadebas, arsebuli<br />
kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad,<br />
im iuridiuli pirebis mier,<br />
romelTa programebmac gaiares<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da<br />
mecnierebis saministros akreditaciis<br />
centris maswavlebelTa<br />
profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis<br />
akreditacia. xolo<br />
momavali maswavleblebis momzadebis<br />
komponenti gadavides umaRles<br />
saswavleblebSi, romelTa ganaTlebis<br />
fakultetebi moamzadeben<br />
bilingvuri skolis maswavleblebs.<br />
am Sereuli modelis asamu-<br />
Saveblad ki, maswavlebelTa<br />
profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis<br />
provaiderebisa da umaRlesi<br />
saswavleblebisTvis mniSvnelovania,<br />
arsebobdes bilingvali maswavleblis<br />
standarti. bilingvuri<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
programebis maswavleblebTan dakav-<br />
SirebiTac ori tipis midgoma<br />
arsebobs. pirveli midgomis<br />
mixedviT, maswavleblebs ar aqvT<br />
specialuri moTxovnebi da<br />
standartebi bilingvur skolebSi<br />
swavlebisTvis, meore midgomiT ki,<br />
SemuSavebulia bilingvali maswavleblis<br />
standarti da am<br />
maswavleblebis kvalifikacia<br />
regulirebulia saxelmwifos mier.<br />
kvlevebiT dasturdeba, rom<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis<br />
efeqturobis erT–erTi faqtori<br />
profesionali da sertificirebuli<br />
bilingvali maswavlebelia (beikeri,<br />
2006). Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSic<br />
orientacia maswavleblis maRal<br />
kvalifikaciaze unda gakeTdes,<br />
Tumca amis gansaxorcieleblad<br />
mxolod standartebis daweseba da<br />
sertificireba sakmarisi ar aris.<br />
mniSvnelovania, maswavleblebisTvis<br />
insentivebis sistemis Seqmna, raTa<br />
maswavleblebs hqondeT interesi,<br />
ufro maRali kvalifikaciis<br />
moTxovnis pirobebSi miiRon<br />
bilingvali maswavleblis statusi<br />
da bilingvur skolebSi swavlebis<br />
ufleba.<br />
TanamSromlebs Soris<br />
gaziarebuli xedva, misia da miznebi:<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis<br />
efeqturobisTvis mniSvnelovania,<br />
rom skolas Camoyalibebuli<br />
hqondes skolis misia bilingvur<br />
ganaTlebasTan mimarTebiT da am<br />
misiis gansaxorcielebeli strategiuli<br />
gegma. bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programis efeqturobisTvis<br />
gadamwyvetia skolis administracia,<br />
maswavleblebi da yvela personali<br />
iziarebdes skolis misias da<br />
hqondes pozitiuri damokidebu
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
lebebi bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programebisadmi.<br />
saqarTvelos realobaSi am<br />
etapze es mimarTuleba erT-erTi<br />
problematuria. `samoqalaqo integraciisa<br />
da erovnebaTSorisi<br />
urTierTobebis centris~ mier<br />
araqarTulenovani skolis maswavlebelTa<br />
damokidebulebebis Sesaxeb<br />
Catarebulma gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom<br />
araqarTulenovani skolis<br />
maswavleblebi sifrTxiliT da<br />
xSirad SiSiTac ekidebian<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis reformas.<br />
aRniSnuli SiSisa da sifrTxilis<br />
safuZveli am reformis pirobebSi<br />
samsaxuris SesaZlo dakargvas<br />
ukavSirdeba. aseT viTarebaSi<br />
mniSvnelovania calsaxa da<br />
gamokveTili pozicia, Tu ra<br />
politika gatardeba maswavleblebTan<br />
mimarTebiT, rogor<br />
moxdeba maTi gadamzadeba da<br />
momzadeba, ra tipis sakadro<br />
resursebs SeiZleba daeyrdnos<br />
skola. informirebuloba da<br />
sicxade bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
reformis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovania<br />
maswavlebelTa da skolis<br />
personalis pozitiuri ganwyobebis<br />
Sesaqmnelad.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programebSi umniSvnelovanesia<br />
TanamSromloba maswavleblebs<br />
Soris da maswavleblebsa da<br />
administracias Soris, raTa,<br />
erToblivi ZalisxmeviT,<br />
SesaZlebeli gaxdes dasaxuli<br />
miznebis realizeba. bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis skolas unda hqondes<br />
profesiuli ganviTarebis kargad<br />
Camoyalibebuli sistema, romlis<br />
farglebSic moxdeba skolis<br />
administraciisa da pedagogebis<br />
19<br />
kvalifikaciis mudmivi ganviTareba<br />
da amaRleba (linholm-leari, 2005).<br />
xelmZRvaneloba: skolis xelmZRvaneloba<br />
udides rols asrulebs<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis<br />
efeqturobis miRwevaSi. bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis programis efeqturobisas<br />
xelmZRvanelis unarebis<br />
analizs Tu mimovixilavT, 3<br />
mniSvnelovani faqtori SeiZleba<br />
gamovyoT: (a) skolis xelmZRvanelebma<br />
unda icodnen saswavlo<br />
midgomebi, strategiebi. isini unda<br />
iyvnen am mimarTulebiT sakuTar<br />
maswavleblebze ukeTesad momzadebulni<br />
da unda SeeZloT am<br />
codnis maswavleblebisTvis miwodeba<br />
(Sau, 2003). (b) amasTanave,<br />
skolis xelmZRvanelebs unda<br />
gaaCndeT lideris yvela Tviseba.<br />
maT unda SeZlon zustad<br />
Camoayalibon da gansazRvron,<br />
bilingvuri swavlebis ra programas<br />
da models airCevs skola,<br />
Camoayalibon skolis misia da<br />
SeimuSavon misi ganxorcielebis<br />
strategiuli gegma skolis<br />
sameurveo sabWosTan erTad. (g) unda<br />
hqondeT marTvisa da<br />
administrirebis unarebi. skolis<br />
xelmZRvanelebs unda SeeZloT, erTi<br />
mxriv, TavianTi TanamSromlebis<br />
waxaliseba, motivireba, aRtaceba da<br />
aRfrTovaneba da, meore mxriv, unda<br />
SeeZloT moiZion saxsrebi,<br />
mobilizeba gauwion adamianur,<br />
finansur da materialur resursebs<br />
(monteceli da kortezi, 2002).<br />
mSoblebi: `mSobelTa CarTuloba~<br />
mniSvnelovani komponentia eTnikuri<br />
umciresobebis ganaTlebasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli programebis<br />
warmatebisaTvis (perna da sveili,<br />
2000). mSoblebs, erTi mxriv, Zalian<br />
didi gavlena aqvT bilingvuri
20<br />
ganaTlebis politikisadmi pozitiuri<br />
an negatiuri klimatis<br />
Sesaqmnelad da SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon<br />
eTnikuri umciresobebis<br />
warmomadgenel moswavleTa mzaoba<br />
multilingvuri swavlebis procesisadmi<br />
(tabataZe, 2008). Sesabamisad,<br />
mSoblebi mniSvnelovan faqtors<br />
warmoadgenen multilingvuri / bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis programebis<br />
gansaxorcieleblad. bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis programaSi CarTuli<br />
mSobeli mniSvnelovani faqtoria<br />
ganaTlebis xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad,<br />
radgan veranairi xarisxis<br />
marTvisa da inspeqtirebis meqanizmebi<br />
ver imuSavebs imaze<br />
efeqturad, rogorc es SeuZlia<br />
bilingvuri programebis efeqturobiT<br />
dainteresebul mSobels. meore<br />
mxriv, mSoblebis ganaTleba da<br />
CarTuloba socialuri Rirebulebacaa,<br />
romelic mniSvnelovania<br />
eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis ara<br />
marto ganaTlebis sferoSi, aramed<br />
momavalSi warmatebisaTvis (perna da<br />
titusi, 2005). bilingvuri saganmanaTleblo<br />
programebi, romlebSic<br />
mSobelTa CarTuloba maRalia,<br />
iZleva imis pirobas, rom im<br />
moswavleTa dabali moswrebis<br />
problema, romlebic saxelmwifo<br />
enis arasakmarisi flobiT aris<br />
gamowveuli, warmatebiT gadaiWreba.<br />
skola maqsimalurad unda Seecados,<br />
uzrunvelyos mSobelTa CarTuloba<br />
swavlebis procesSi sxvadasxva<br />
meqanizmebis amuSavebiT, romlebic<br />
SeiZleba sakmaod mravalferovani<br />
iyos.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
daskvna<br />
saqarTvelom damoukideblobis<br />
mopovebis Semdeg araerTi<br />
nabiji gadadga eTnikuri<br />
umciresobebis integraciis<br />
procesSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
aRniSnul RonisZiebebs garkveuli<br />
efeqti mohyva, eTnikuri<br />
umciresobebis integraciis,<br />
araqarTulenovan skolebSi<br />
ganaTlebis xarisxis, saxelmwifo<br />
enis swavlebis sakiTxebi kvlav<br />
problematurad rCeba (tabataZe,<br />
2008). saqarTvelos ganaTlebis<br />
sistema da umciresobaTa<br />
integraciis politika etapobrivad<br />
mivida bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
reformis ganxorcielebis<br />
aucileblobamde. aRniSnuli<br />
reforma pozitiurad da<br />
perspeqtiuladaa aRqmuli<br />
sazogadoebisgan da molodinebi<br />
sakmaod maRalia (saxalxo<br />
damcvelTan arsebul umciresobaTa<br />
sabWosTan Sexvedra 2008 wlis 30<br />
marts). maRal molodinebs didi<br />
imedgacruebac axasiaTebs.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis mimarT<br />
imedgacrueba ki, SesaZlebelia,<br />
eTnikuri umciresobebis integraciis<br />
politikis mimarT imedgacruebis<br />
tolfasi aRmoCndes. Sesabamisad,<br />
mniSvnelovania bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis reforma saqarTveloSi<br />
maqsimalurad efeqturad ganxorcieldes.<br />
bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis efeqturobisTvis ki<br />
umniSvnelovanesia bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis `Zlier~ programebze<br />
aqcentireba da `Zlieri~<br />
programebis gansaxorcieleblad<br />
Sesabamisi politikis dagegmva da<br />
ganxorcieleba, kadrebis momzadeba,<br />
skolis, Temis da mSobelTa<br />
CarTulobis uzrunvelyofa.
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
beikeri, 2006 – k. beikeri,<br />
bilingvizmisa da bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis safuZvlebi.<br />
samoqalaqo integraciisa da<br />
erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis<br />
centris 2010 wlis<br />
qarTuli versiis gamocema;<br />
beikeri da de kanteri, 1983 - Baker,<br />
K.A. & de Kanter, A.A..,1983, Bilingual<br />
Education. Lexington, MA: Lexington,<br />
MA: Lexington Books<br />
bensoni, 2004 - BENSON, C., 2004, Do we<br />
expect too much of bilingual teachers?<br />
Bilingual teaching in developing<br />
countries. International Journal of<br />
Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 7<br />
(2&3), 204-221<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis<br />
debulebis proeqti, 2009,<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebis da<br />
mecnierebis saministro.<br />
varghese, 2004 - Varghese, M. M. (2004).<br />
Professional Development for Bilingual<br />
Teachers in the United States: A Site for<br />
Articulating and Contesting Professional<br />
Roles. BILINGUAL EDUCATION AND<br />
BILINGUALISM, Vol. 7, No. 2&3, pp.<br />
222-238.<br />
filmori, 2000 - WONG FILLMORE, L. &<br />
SNOW, C., 2000, What Elementary<br />
Teacher Need to Know About<br />
Language. Washington: Center for<br />
Applied Linguistics.<br />
lindholm-leari, 2005 - LINDHOLM-<br />
LEARY, K.J., 2005, Review of Research<br />
and Best practiceson Effective Features<br />
of Dual Language Education Programs.<br />
http://www.lindholmleary.com/resources/review_research.pdf<br />
monteceli da kortezim 2002 -<br />
MONTECEL, M.R. & CORTEZ, J.D.,<br />
2002, successful bilingual education<br />
programs: Development and the<br />
dissemination of criteria to identify<br />
promising and exemplary practices in<br />
bilingual education at the national<br />
level.Bilingual Research Journal 26 (1) ,<br />
1-10.<br />
perna da sveili, 2000 - Perna, L. W. &<br />
Swail,W. S. (2000). A view of the land-<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura:<br />
21<br />
scape: Results of the national survey of<br />
outreach programs. In College Board,<br />
Outreach program handbook 2001 (pp.<br />
xi–xxix). New York: The College Board.<br />
perna da titusi, 2005 - Perna, L. W., &<br />
Titus, M. (2005). The relationship<br />
between parental involvement as social<br />
capital and college enrollment: An<br />
examination of racial/ethnic group<br />
differences. Journal of Higher Education,<br />
76 (5), 485-518.<br />
skutnab-kanjasi, 2000 - SKUTNABB-<br />
KANGAS, T., 2000, Linguistic Genocide<br />
in Education-or Worldwide Diversity and<br />
Human Rights. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.<br />
tabataZe, 2008 – S. tabataZe,<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis politika<br />
saqarTveloSi. Jurnali<br />
solidaroba, 2008.<br />
tabataZe, 20091 – S. tabataZe,<br />
ganaTlebis reforma da<br />
araqarTulenovani skolebi.<br />
mSvidobis demokratiisa da<br />
ganviTarebis<br />
instituti, 2009.<br />
kavkasiuri<br />
tabataZe, 20092 – S. tabataZe,<br />
interkulturuli ganaTlebis<br />
politika saqarTveloSi.<br />
mSvidobis demokratiisa da<br />
ganviTarebis<br />
instituti, 2009.<br />
kavkasiuri<br />
tabataZe, 2010 – S. tabataZe,<br />
ganaTlebis politikis axali<br />
iniciativebi samoqalaqo<br />
integraciis konteqstSi da<br />
araqarTulenovani skolebi.<br />
mSvidobis demokratiisa da<br />
ganviTarebis<br />
instituti, 2010.<br />
kavkasiuri<br />
Sau, 2003 - SHAW, P., 2003, Leadership in<br />
the diverse school. In C. Baker<br />
Foundations of Bilingual Education and<br />
Bilingualism. Clevedon: Multilingual<br />
hornbergeri Matter. da risento, 1996 -<br />
Hornberger, N. & Ricento, T. (1996)<br />
Unpeeling the onion: Language planning<br />
and policy and the ELT professional.<br />
TESOL Quarterly 30 (3), 401–428.
22<br />
submersia – bilingvuri ganaTlebis susti programa<br />
bilingvalia pirovneba,<br />
romelsac yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi<br />
uwevs ori an meti enis an dialeqtis<br />
gamoyeneba (ardila, ramosi, 2007).<br />
msoflios mosaxleobis didi nawili<br />
aris bilingvali an multilingvali.<br />
bilingvizmi warmodgenilia faqtobrivad<br />
yvela qveyanaSi, yvela<br />
socialur klassa da asakobriv<br />
jgufSi. amis warmosadgenad sakmarisia<br />
is faqtic, rom msoflioSi arsebobs<br />
daaxloebiT 200 qveyana da 6800<br />
gansxvavebuli ena. daskvnis gamotana<br />
martivia, mosaxleobis didi nawili<br />
aris bilingvali (ardila, ramosi,<br />
2007).<br />
abstraqti<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
irina bagauri<br />
winamdebare statiis mizania, mkiTxvels gaacnos submersiuli bilingvuri ganaTleba.<br />
submersia warmoadgens bilingvuri ganaTlebis yvelaze sust formas.<br />
igi moicavs enobrivi umciresobis bavSvebs, romlebic swavlas iwyeben<br />
umravlesobis enaze. submersia efuZneba ideas: bavSvs agdeben wyalSi ise, rom<br />
man curva ar icis da valdebulia, gacuros rac SeiZleba swrafad, sxvis daxmarebis<br />
gareSe. maTTvis ar arsebobs enobrivi problemebis da barierebis<br />
daZlevisaTvis xelSewyoba. submersiasTan aris dakavSirebuli koncefcia:<br />
,,an CaZirva, an curva~. Tu bavSvi ver Seiswavlis umravlesobis enas, maSin<br />
igi `CaiZireba~, amitom is iZulebulia, iswavlos umravlesobis ena, anu<br />
daiwyos `curva~. statiaSi ganxilulia submersiis ZiriTadi miznebi da misi<br />
Tanmdevi Sedegebi.<br />
termini bilingvuri ganaTleba<br />
unda aRviqvaT, rogorc Zalian<br />
kompleqsuri movlenis uaRresad<br />
martivi daxasiaTeba. garda sxva gansxvavebebisa,<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba<br />
SesaZlebelia Tundac enis Seswavlis<br />
saboloo miznis TvalsazrisiT<br />
gansxvavdebodes.<br />
im mowafeTa Sesabamisad,<br />
romelTac swavlebis Sesabamisi forma<br />
aqvT SerCeuli, bilingvur ganaTlebaSi<br />
SeiZleba gamoiyos susti da Zlieri<br />
formebi.<br />
susti bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
forma, ZiriTadad, orenovan garemoSi<br />
mcxovrebi bavSvebisaTvisaa gankuTvnili,<br />
magram umeteswilad swavlebis
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
mizania erTenovnebis an SezRuduli<br />
orenovnebis miRweva. Zlieri bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis forma miznad isaxavs<br />
mowafis mSobliuri enis flobis<br />
SenarCunebas da mis gamdidrebas meore<br />
enis codnis gamocdilebiT, raTa<br />
miRweul iqnes sruli bilingvizmi enis<br />
flobis yvela (mosmena, laparaki,<br />
kiTxva, wera) sferoSi.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis dayofis<br />
gansxvavebuli midgomaa programis<br />
miznebis Sesabamisad klasifikacia. am<br />
niSniT gamoyofen tranzitul da<br />
SemnarCunebel bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
saxeebs. bilingvuri ganaTleba ar<br />
aris mxolod saganmanaTleblo<br />
sakiTxi. sociokulturuli,<br />
politikuri da ekonomikuri faqtorebi<br />
mniSv-nelovan rols TamaSoben bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis formirebaSi.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis susti<br />
programebidan gamoirCeva submersiis<br />
programa da submersia kompensaciis<br />
gakveTilebTan erTad.<br />
saqarTveloSi bilingvuri<br />
ganaTleba da misi saWiroeba zogadad<br />
asocirdeba eTnikur umciresobebTan.<br />
erovnuli umciresobebis warmomad-<br />
genlebi acnobiereben, rom qarTuli<br />
enis kargad codna qarTul<br />
sazogadoebaSi integraciis saSualebaa.<br />
qarTuli ena maTTvis warmoadgens<br />
meore enas, meore ena ki sxva<br />
sociolingvisturi kategoriaa da,<br />
amdenad, sxva midgomebs saWiroebs.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom ganxorcielda da<br />
amJamadac mimdinareobs programebi<br />
qarTulis, rogorc meore enis<br />
swavlebis xelSewyobis mizniT,<br />
qarTulis, rogorc meore enis,<br />
swavleba kvlav problematuria axali<br />
saswavlo gegmebisa da<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebis pirobebSic ki.<br />
saswavlo gegmebis saaTobrivi badiT<br />
23<br />
gansazRvruli akademiuri saaTebis<br />
raodenoba ar aris sakmarisi qarTuli<br />
enis efeqturi swavlebisTvis.<br />
eTnikuri umciresobebiT<br />
dasaxlebul regionebSi qarTuli enis<br />
swavlebis motivacia wina wlebTan<br />
SedarebiT momatebulia, rac gansakuTrebiT<br />
SeimCneva qvemo qarTlSi.<br />
fokus-jgufebis monacemebiT,<br />
mosaxleobis nawili saxelmwifo enis<br />
swavlebis problemis gadawyvetas<br />
Svilis qarTul skolaSi miyvaniT<br />
cdilobs, Tumca amis Semdeg maTi<br />
Svilebis winaSe dgeba mravali<br />
problema, romelic jer kidev ar aris<br />
daZleuli. marTlac, es ar aris<br />
saukeTeso gamosavali: saxelmwifo<br />
cxovrebaSi moqalaqeTa sruluflebianad<br />
CarTva iTvaliswinebs integracias<br />
asimilaciis nacvlad. rodesac<br />
mSobels Svili Sehyavs skolaSi,<br />
sadac swavleba mimdinareobs<br />
umravlesobis enaze, didi albaToba<br />
arsebobs mSobliuri enis miviwyebisa<br />
da enobrivi da kulturuli identobis<br />
dakargvisa. mravalenovani anu<br />
bi/multilingvuri ganaTlebis SemoReba<br />
wingadadgmuli nabijia am<br />
TvalsazrisiT, radgan es seriozuli<br />
da dasavleTSi aprobirebuli gzaa.<br />
YganaTlebisa da mecnierebis<br />
saministrom SeimuSava bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis programebis debulebis<br />
proeqti. skolebs eZlevaT saSualeba,<br />
Tavad SearCion maTTvis sasurveli<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis programa.<br />
amitom eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis<br />
ukve arsebobs alternativa _ submersia<br />
Tu bilinvuri ganaTleba Zlieri<br />
programiT? winamdebare statiis<br />
mizania bilingvuri ganaTlebis erTerTi<br />
programis, submersiis ganxilva,<br />
misi miznebis da Sedegebis gansazRvra.
24<br />
submersia<br />
submersiuli ganaTleba, anu<br />
submersia bilingvur ganaTlebaSi<br />
warmoadgens zogadad bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis sust programas. es<br />
programa moicavs iseT bavSvebs,<br />
romlebic arian umciresobaTa<br />
ojaxebidan, magram ganaTlebis miRebas<br />
iwyeben dasawyisidanve umravlesobis<br />
enaze. magaliTad, espanurenovani<br />
amerikelebi Sedian skolebSi,<br />
romlebSic yovelgvari saswavlo<br />
direqtiva warmarTulia inglisur<br />
enaze. aRniSnuli programis mizania,<br />
rom umciresobis bavSvebma rac<br />
SeiZleba swrafad iswavlon inglisuri<br />
srulyofilad da umravlesobis enaze<br />
SeZlon muSaoba. zogadad skolebs ar<br />
ewodebaT submersiuli, submersias<br />
adgili aqvs im SemTxveveaSi, rodesac<br />
umciresobis warmomadgenlebi umravlesobis<br />
warmomadgenlebTan erTad<br />
swavloben.<br />
amerikaSi submersiis erT-erT<br />
saxes uwodeben struqturul imersias,<br />
rodesac maswavlebeli mcire xnis<br />
ganmavlobaSi umciresobis bavSvebTan<br />
saubrobs martivi, saojaxo<br />
inglisuriT, Tumca mizani mainc igive<br />
rCeba, _ umravlesobis enis swrafad<br />
daufleba. submersiis koncefcia<br />
dakavSirebulia wyalSi CaSvebasTan da<br />
curvasTan, anu sacurao auzTan,<br />
bavSvs CauSveben auzSi ise, rom man ar<br />
icis curva, anu bavSvi Sedis iseT<br />
klasSi, sadac swavla mimdinareobs<br />
umravlesobis an saxelmwifo enaze,<br />
imis gamo, rom ar CamorCes saswavlo<br />
process, igi iwyebs curvis swavlas.<br />
submersiis momxreebi miiCneven, rom Tu<br />
bavSvi gamudmebiT Semofarglulia<br />
umravlesobis eniT, maSin igi ufro<br />
advilad iswavlis am enas. isini<br />
amboben, rom sakuTari ojaxis enis<br />
gamoyeneba mxolod agvianebs<br />
umravlesobis enis Seswavlas. aseT<br />
situaciaSi umciresobis wrmomadgeneli<br />
bavSvebisTvis sami gamosavali rCeba: an<br />
unda CaiZiron, an unda ibrZolon, an,<br />
bolos da bolos, ,,curva’’ iswavlon.<br />
mizani<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
submersiuli ganaTlebisTvis<br />
enobrivi niSani imdenad mniSvnelovani<br />
ar aris, ramdenadac politikuri<br />
mizanSewonileba. magaliTad, aSS-Si,<br />
sadac yovelTvis Tavmoyrilia<br />
imigrantTa didi nakadebi, submersiuli<br />
programebi mimarTuli iyo enobrivi<br />
umciresobebis enebis asimilaciiisken.<br />
mas mere, rac dafiqsirda Sereuli<br />
masebi, sadac areuli iyo uamravi eri<br />
da maTi enebi, Cafiqrebuli iyo, rom<br />
isini skolis saSualebiT gaeer-<br />
TianebinaT, ase vTqvaT, Yyvela erT<br />
,,qvabSi moexarSaT~, da ase mieRwiaT<br />
saerTo socialuri, politikuri da<br />
ekonomikuri idealebisTvis. Melting<br />
pot anu erT qvabSi moxarSva niSnavs<br />
asimilacionistur midgomas enebis<br />
mimarT da sxvadasxva enis<br />
gavrcelebisTvis xelis SeSlas.<br />
swored submersia warmoadgenda<br />
harmoniuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebis<br />
winapirobas. saerTo ena iqneboda<br />
saerTo Rirebulebebis, damokidebulebebis<br />
da miznebis xelSemwyobi<br />
amerikisTvis. erTi ena da kultura<br />
mWidrod Sekravda sazogadoebas.<br />
inglisurad mosaubre amerika<br />
`emzadeboda~ `babilonis safrTxisa-<br />
Tvis~.<br />
paraleluri moZraoba mimdinareobda<br />
did britaneTSi 1950-ian
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
wlebSi, sadac yvela urbanul<br />
dasaxlebaSi mcxovrebi erovnuli da<br />
lingvisturi umciresobis warmomadgeneli<br />
erTvebda submersiul<br />
programaSi.<br />
submersiis gamomwvevi<br />
faqtorebi<br />
submersiis SemTxveva damaxasiaTebelia<br />
iseTi arealebisTvis, sadac<br />
mimdinareobs swrafi socialuri<br />
cvlilebebi da socialuri areuloba.<br />
am situaciiaSi gvxvdeba imigrantTa<br />
jgufebi. BbavSvebi xdebian<br />
bilingvalebi adreul asakSi, Tumca es<br />
bilingvizmi aris tranzituli da<br />
gardamavali, imitom, rom saxelmwifo<br />
da saskolo ena anacvlebs saojaxo<br />
enas. mizezi, romlis gamoc bavSvebi<br />
gadaiqcevian monolingvalebad, aris<br />
maRali statusis mqone (saxelmwifo,<br />
umravlesobis) enis SeTviseba.<br />
meqsikel imigrantebs Soris, romlebic<br />
StatebSi cxovroben, gavrcelebulia<br />
Semdegi tendencia: aRniSnuli<br />
emigrantebis meore Taoba warmoadgens<br />
bilingvals mSobliur enasa da<br />
inglisurSi, xolo mesame Taoba<br />
warmodgenilia monolingvalebis saxiT.<br />
inglisuri, rogorc maRali statusis<br />
mqone ena, xels uwyobs am faqts.<br />
Zalian cota resursi arsebobs<br />
imisTvis, rom aRdges, ganviTardes<br />
mSobliuri ena. imigrant mSoblebs<br />
maRal doneze aqvT Segnebuli<br />
inglisuri enis statusi da prestiJi,<br />
amitom zogierTi maTgani TavianT<br />
Svilebs aRar waaxalisebs maTi<br />
mkvidri, mSobliuri enis SeswavlaSi.<br />
ufro metic, bavSvebi daaxloebiT 3<br />
wlis asakidan xdebian maRali<br />
statusis enis, anu inglisuris<br />
25<br />
mcodneni da maT, SesaZloa, sircxvilis<br />
grZnobac ki CamouyalibdeT, rodesac<br />
maTi mSoblebi mSobliur enaze<br />
saubroben, es faqti ki ufro amcirebs<br />
enis gamoyenebas.<br />
enebs, romlebic miekuTvnebian<br />
maRali da dabali prestiJis<br />
kategorias, gansxvavebuli miznebi da<br />
funqciebi gaaCniaT. maRali prestiJis<br />
mqone enas pirobiTad davarqvaT ,,H~,<br />
mas ZiriTadad gamoiyeneben formaluri<br />
teqstebis dros samTavrobo doneze,<br />
religiaSi, maRal kulturaSi.<br />
ZiriTadad AaRniSnuli maRali<br />
prestiJis mqone ena iswavleba<br />
mozrdil asakSi, ojaxidan moSorebiT.<br />
misgan gasxvavebiT, dabali statusis<br />
mqone ena ,,L~, gamoiyeneba yoveldRiur<br />
cxovrebaSi, ojaxSi sasaubrod,<br />
megobrebTan urTierTobisas, Tumca,<br />
cxadia, rom maRali statusis mqone ena<br />
calsaxad gansazRvravs karierul<br />
warmatebas. xolo L-is gamoyeneba,<br />
piriqiT _ dabal socialur klasze<br />
miuTiTebs, am enaze saubari TiTqos<br />
sazogadoebisagan gariyulad aqcevs<br />
adamians. xSirad maRali prestiJis<br />
mqone enaze mosaubreni uaryofen<br />
dabali statusis enaze mosaubreebs.<br />
es ki iwvevs uaryofis SiSs am<br />
ukanasknelebTan mimarTebiT da isini<br />
cdiloben, aRar isaubron am enaze.<br />
aRniSnuli maRal-dabali statusiT<br />
SegviZlia visaubroT agreTve<br />
umravlesobis da umciresobis enebis<br />
kuTxiTac. cxadia, is faqti, rom aseTi<br />
damokidebulebis Sedegad xSir<br />
SemTxvevaSi umciresobis warmomadgenlebi<br />
Tavad gaakeTeben arCevans<br />
submersiul programebze imis SiSiT,<br />
rom sociumis miRma ar darCnen. Tumca,<br />
saubari gveqneba submersiis Sedegebzec.
26<br />
Sedegebi<br />
zogierTi bavSvi gaumklavda<br />
submersiiis programas, zogierTma<br />
ganiviTara oTxi ZiriTadi unari enaSi<br />
(wera, mosmena, saubari da kiTxva),<br />
Tumca, moswavleTa didi nawilisTvis<br />
bevri problema darCa gadauWreli da<br />
submersia stresiT savse iyo maTTvis.<br />
sxva enaze gakveTilis mosmena<br />
moiTxovs Zlier koncentracias da<br />
bavSvis mier mosmenili sityvebis<br />
gaSifvra damRleli procesia. bavSvs<br />
SeiZleba gauWirdes mosmenili<br />
sityvebis aRqma da ver gamoitanos<br />
teqstidan azri. miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
zogierTi bavSvi warmatebulia<br />
submersiuli programis drosac ki,<br />
arian bavSvebi, romlebic<br />
warumateblebi rCebian da ver xvdebian<br />
umaRles skolaSi. garda amisa, xSirad<br />
Tavs iCens fsiqologiuri da emociuri<br />
problemebi, bavSvebi veRar axdenen<br />
sakuTari Tavis identificirebas,<br />
TviTrealizacias... magram is ki unda<br />
aRiniSnos, rom submersia warmoadgens<br />
uswrafes gzas umravlesobis enis<br />
SeswavlisTvis.<br />
daskvna<br />
pozitivizmis warmomadgeneli<br />
ludvig vitgenSteini wers: ,,CemTvis<br />
gasagebi enis sazRvrebi, amave dros,<br />
Cemi sazRvrebia. Mme imdenad da<br />
mxolod imdenad mesmis da gamegeba<br />
samyaro, ramdenadac mesmis da gamegeba<br />
am samyaros atomaruli faqtebis<br />
aRmwer winadadebaTa erToblioba, e. i.<br />
ena. amitom adamianuri Semecnebis<br />
mizania, gasagebi gaxados ara samyaro,<br />
aramed is ena, romelSic am samyaros<br />
faqtebia warmodgenili. Ees erTgvari<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
filosofiuri gadaxveva imitom<br />
dagvWirda, rom kidev ufro Rrmad<br />
CavwvdeT enis arss da mniSvnelobas<br />
adamianis arsebobisaTvis, ganviTarebisa<br />
da SemecnebisaTvis. Yyoveli xalxis<br />
kulturul yofnaSi didi mniSvneloba<br />
eniWeba maT mSobliur enas. cxadia,<br />
rodesac erovnuli da enobrivi<br />
umciresobis warmomadgenlebi sakuTari<br />
nebiT Tu obieqturi mizezebis gamo,<br />
arCevans akeTeben submersiul<br />
programebze, maT uwevT sakuTar<br />
identobaze uaris Tqma, adgili aqvs<br />
asimilacias.<br />
saqarTvelo mravaleTnikuri<br />
qveyanaa, sadac saxelmwifo anu<br />
qarTuli ena daaxloebiT mosaxleobis<br />
13%-isaTvis ar warmoadgens mSobliur<br />
enas. Uumciresobis warmomadgenlebs<br />
saSualeba aqvT, ganaTleba miiRon<br />
mSobliur enaze da qarTuli<br />
Seiswavlon, rogorc sagani; es maT<br />
zRudavT srulyofili integraciis<br />
procesSi, radgan qarTuli enis<br />
srulyofili Seswavla warmoudgenelia<br />
umciresobebis skolebSi, meore<br />
gamosavalia _ Sevidnen saxelwifo<br />
skolebSi da zogadi ganaTleba<br />
miiRon saxelmwifo enaze (submersia).<br />
saqarTveloSic dafiqsirebulia<br />
msoflioSi gavrcelebuli tendencia,<br />
rodesac sazogadoebaSi Tavis<br />
damkvidrebis mizniT, erovnuli<br />
umciresobis warmomadgenlebis<br />
moswavleTa garkveuli procenti<br />
Sedis umravlesobis saxelmwifo<br />
skolebSi. Bbunebrivia, maT<br />
SemTxvevaSic eqneba adgili submersiis<br />
rogorc dadebiT, agreTve uaryofiT<br />
Sedegebs. miRebuli problemebidan<br />
SegviZlia gamovyoT Semdegi;<br />
1) mSoblebma ar ician qarTuli ena da<br />
ver exmarebian dawyebiT klasebSi<br />
sakuTar Svilebs gakveTilebis
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
momzadebis procesSi; 2) imis gamo, rom<br />
araqarTvel bavSvebs ar esmiT<br />
saxelmwifo ena, CamorCebian swavlaSi<br />
sxva qarTvel moswavleebs, uqveiTdebaT<br />
TviTSefaseba; 3) imis gamo, rom<br />
maswavlebels aqvs araqarTvel<br />
bavSvebTan akademiuri moswrebis cudi<br />
Sedegi, iZulebuli xdeba, dawios<br />
moTxovnebi moswavleTa mimarT, rac<br />
aseve uaryofiT gavlenas axdens<br />
mTlianad klasis moswrebaze; 4) rig<br />
SemTxvevaSi maswavleblebma ar ician<br />
adgilobrivi Temis ena da uWirT<br />
araqarTvel moswavleebTan kontaqtis<br />
damyareba.<br />
cxadia, rodesac saxelmwifoSi ar<br />
aris resursi Zlieri bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis programebisa, SedarebiT<br />
martiv gamosavals warmoadgens sust<br />
programaSi CarTva, anu submersiis<br />
arCeva. Ees xdeba bunebrivad, radgan<br />
mSobeli miiCnevs, rom erTaderT<br />
gamosavals misi Svilis kargi<br />
momavlisaTvis saxelmwifo /<br />
umravlesobis skolaSi Seyvana<br />
warmoadgens.<br />
aseT SemTxvevaSi gamosavals<br />
warmoadgens gamamdidrebeli / Zlieri<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis programebis<br />
xelSewyoba, rac uzrunvelyofs<br />
rogorc umciresobebisTvis<br />
mSobliuri enis SenarCunebas, agreTve<br />
umravlesobis enis dauflebas,<br />
moswavleTa kognitur ganviTarebas da<br />
saxelmwifoSi integraciis gamarti-<br />
27<br />
vebas. G vigodskis azriT, swored ena<br />
warmoadgens mTavar instruments<br />
kognitur procesebSi da ori<br />
sxvadasxva enis gamoyenebis<br />
SesaZlebloba gazrdis individis<br />
kognitur SesaZleblobebs (vigodski,<br />
1962).<br />
mosaxleobaSi bilingvur ganaTlebasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT ganwyobebi<br />
pozitiuradaa Secvlili, Tumca am<br />
reformisadmi garkveuli SiSi da<br />
sifrTxile TvalnaTelia, gansakuTrebiT<br />
maswavlebelTa mxridan.<br />
Sesabamisad, multilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
programebTan dakavSirebuli<br />
sakadro politikis sicxade<br />
mniSvnelovania. amisaTvis saWiroa<br />
sistemuri moqmedeba, kerZod, arsebuli<br />
kadrebis gadamzadeba da agreTve<br />
sauniversiteto programebSi<br />
multilingvuri kadrebis momzadebis<br />
organizeba. mkvlevrebi miiCneven, rom<br />
enis aTviseba bavSvs bunebriv garemoSi<br />
SeuZlia, Sesabamisad, ukiduresad<br />
mniSvnelovania bavSvis CarTva TamaSze<br />
dafuZnebul aqtivobebSi (ardila,<br />
ramosi, 2007). erTaderTi adamiani,<br />
romelsac moswavleebisaTvis bunebrivi<br />
garemos Seqmna SeuZlia,<br />
maswavlebelia.
28<br />
ardila, ramosi, 2007 - Alfredo<br />
Ardila, Elian Ramos (2007) “Speech<br />
and Language Disorders in<br />
Bilinguals.” Maiami, Florida, Usa.<br />
beikeri, 1997 - Colin Baker, Sylvia Prys<br />
Jones, 1997. Encyclopedia of<br />
bilingualism and bilingual education,<br />
Volume 1997<br />
beikeri, 2010 – k. beikeri,<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebisa da<br />
bilingvizmis safuZvlebi.<br />
qarTuli gamocema; Tbilisi,<br />
bilingvuri 2010. ganaTleba, 2009 -<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, samagido<br />
wigni maswavleblebisaTvis;<br />
Tbilisi, 2009.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
gonsalesi, 2008 - Josué M. González ,<br />
2008 Encyclopedia of bilingual<br />
Education.<br />
druviete, 2008 - ДРУВИЕТЕ ИНА<br />
Професор ЛУ, ЧТО ТАКОЕ<br />
БИЛИНГВАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВА-<br />
НИЕ И БИЛИНГВИЗМ?<br />
kvaracxelia, 2001 – n.<br />
kvaracxelia, `adamiani da<br />
msoflmxedveloba~’, soxumi,<br />
2001.<br />
tabataZe, 2010 – UNAG, 2010,<br />
Education and Culture.
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
kaxa gabunia<br />
enisa da sagnobrivi S<strong>inaarsi</strong>s integrirebuli swavlebis<br />
Taviseburebebi bilingvur klasSi<br />
saqarTveloSi bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis damkvidrebis aucileblobas<br />
ganapirobebs arsebuli<br />
enobrivi situacia umciresobebiT<br />
kompaqturad dasaxlebul regionebSi:<br />
saxelmwifo enis<br />
funqcionirebis are ukiduresad<br />
SezRudulia, sakomunikacio enad,<br />
umciresobaTa enasTan erTad, kvlav<br />
gamoiyeneba rusuli; marTalia, ukve<br />
aSkaraa rusuli enis mxridan<br />
`poziciebis daTmoba~, magram,<br />
samwuxarod, ara qarTuli enis<br />
xarjze... saxelmwifo enis<br />
gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT kvlav<br />
umZimesi mdgomareobaa; qarTuli<br />
abstraqti<br />
statia exeba bilingvuri ganaTlebis erT-erT efeqtur formas, romelic<br />
dasavleTSi sagnobrivi S<strong>inaarsi</strong>sa da enis integrirebuli swavlebis<br />
saxeliTaa cnobili. ori enis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi maswavleblis<br />
mxridan seriozul momzadebas moiTxovs. moswavleebis mier orive enaSi maRali<br />
kompetenciis misaRwevad da amasTanave sagnis S<strong>inaarsi</strong>s asaTviseblad klasSi<br />
strategiuli sagakveTilo da enobrivi dagegmvaa aucilebeli. xSirad<br />
moswavleebi saswavlo sagans ver iTviseben meore enis SezRuduli codnis<br />
gamo, rac maTi akademiuri CamorCenis mizezic xdeba; amasTanave sagnobrivi<br />
pedagogebi SiSoben, integrirebul gakveTilze enobrivi kompetenciebis<br />
amaRlebisTvis garkveuli drois daTmoba daazaralebs erovnuli saswavlo<br />
gegmas mocemul saganSi (maTematikaSi, fizikaSi, geografiaSi da a. S.), romlis<br />
dafarvac savaldebuloa yvela saganSi. statiaSi mocemulia konkretuli<br />
rekomendaciebi sagnobrivi pedagogebisTvis, Tu rogor daigegmos orenovani<br />
gakveTili, ra tipis aqtivobebi gamoiyenon aseTi gakveTilebis Catarebisas,<br />
romel komponentSi gamoiyenon meore ena da ra doziT, ra problemebs<br />
SeiZleba waawydnen.<br />
iswavleba mxolod skolaSi,<br />
rogorc erTi rigiTi sagani, rac<br />
sruliadac ar aris sakmarisi<br />
(raoden gamarTuli da srulyofili<br />
programiTa Tu saxelmZRvaneloebiTac<br />
ar unda Seiswavlebodes<br />
igi) meore enis safuZvliani<br />
dauflebisaTvis.<br />
umciresobaTa skolebSi<br />
enobrivi garemos Secvlisa da<br />
saxelmwifo enis funqciis gazrdis<br />
saukeTeso saSualebad arsebul<br />
pirobebSi swored bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis ama Tu im modelis<br />
SerCeva, adgilobrivi specifikis<br />
gaTvaliswineba da SerCeuli<br />
29
30<br />
modelis daxvewa-gadamuSavebaze<br />
muSaoba migvaCnia. bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis mizani xom, erTi mxriv,<br />
saxelmwifo enis saTanado doneze<br />
aTviseba, meore mxriv ki –<br />
umciresobaTa enebis SenarCunebasa<br />
da ganviTarebaze zrunvaa. aseTi<br />
konceptualuri midgoma umciresobaTa<br />
warmomadgenlebs uxsnis<br />
enobrivi da masze, ase vTqvaT,<br />
`gadabmuli~ erovnuli TviTidentifikaciis<br />
dakargvis safrTxis<br />
SegrZnebas da motivacias umaRlebs<br />
Semswavlelebsa da maT mSoblebs,<br />
Seiswavlon saxelmwifo ena: maTTvis<br />
cxadi xdeba, rom saskolo<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba mozardis<br />
momzadebis instrumentia misi<br />
karieruli winsvlisa da socialurekonomikur<br />
Tu politikur<br />
sferoebSi warmatebis misaRwevad,<br />
amasTan, bavSvis mSobliuri<br />
kulturuli garemo ki ar<br />
iTrguneba, aramed viTardeba da<br />
ukeT warmoCindeba meore enis<br />
garemosTan Sedarebis fonze.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis efeqturoba,<br />
sazogadod, damokidebulia<br />
konkretul qveyanaSi, konkretul<br />
regionSi swavlebis modelis<br />
sworad SerCevaze: SesaZlebelia,<br />
arasworad SerCeulma modelma<br />
ukuSedegi gamoiRos; magaliTad,<br />
saqarTvelos saskolo sivrceSi<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis susti<br />
programa – imersia _ naklebad<br />
amarTlebs. vfiqrobT, ufro<br />
misaRebi da Sedegiani dualuri<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebisa da<br />
gamamdidrebeli bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
modelebia; sazogadod,<br />
yvelaze misaReb da efeqtur formad<br />
migvaCnia meore enis swavleba<br />
Sinaarsze dafuZnebiT (content-based<br />
second language teaching), anu<br />
sagnobrivi S<strong>inaarsi</strong>sa da enis<br />
integrirebuli swavleba _<br />
swavlebis meTodika, romelic<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
afarToebs enobriv kompetencias<br />
iseTi konkretuli sagnebis<br />
(sabunebismetyvelo, sazogadoebrivi,<br />
esTetikuri) Sinaarsze dayrdnobiT,<br />
romelic scildeba enis swavlebis<br />
Cveulebriv, tradiciul gakveTils.<br />
maswavlebeli, konkretuli sagnis<br />
swavlebasTan erTad, im enis codnis<br />
gaRrmavebaSic exmareba moswavles,<br />
romel enazec xorcieldeba sagnis<br />
swavleba.<br />
ori enis gamoyeneba saswavlo<br />
procesSi maswavleblis mxridan<br />
seriozul momzadebas moiTxovs.<br />
maswavlebelma SeiZleba axsnas<br />
gakveTili erT enaze, xolo<br />
komentarebi gaakeTos meore enaze.<br />
vizualuri da damxmare masala<br />
moamzados qarTulad, xolo<br />
saswavlo aqtivobebi ganaxorcielos,<br />
magaliTad, somxurad (an<br />
azerbaijanulad). moswavleebis mier<br />
orive enaSi maRali kompetenciis<br />
misaRwevad klasSi strategiuli<br />
enobrivi dagegmvaa aucilebeli.<br />
Zalian efeqturad miiCneven<br />
mkvlevrebi transenobriv meTods,<br />
romelic warmatebulad moqmedebs<br />
uelsis saSualo skolebSi.<br />
transenobrivi meTodi gulisxmobs,<br />
rom kiTxva da mosmena xorcieldeba<br />
erT enaze, xolo producireba<br />
(laparaki da wera) - meore enaze da<br />
swavlebis procesSi enebis<br />
funqciebi xSirad icvleba.<br />
magaliTad, gakveTilze moswavleebi<br />
kiTxuloben inglisurad, xolo<br />
diskusia am sakiTxze mimdinareobs<br />
espanurad, xolo maswavlebeli<br />
diskusiis procesSi akeTebs<br />
dazustebebs inglisurad. gakveTilis<br />
bolos moswavleebi asruleben<br />
weriT davalebas espanurad. meore<br />
gakveTilze enebis daniSnuleba<br />
icvleba, inglisuri gamoiyeneba<br />
producirebisTvis, xolo espanuri<br />
mosmenisa da kiTxvis unarebis
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
gansaviTareblad... (uiliamsi, 1994,<br />
1996).<br />
ransenobrivi da transwignierebis<br />
midgomas oTxi gamokveTili<br />
uparatesoba aqvs: pirveli: xels<br />
uwyobs sagnis ufro Rrma da srul<br />
gaazrebas, vinaidan am SemTxvevaSi<br />
xdeba saswavlo masalis wakiTxva da<br />
mosmena erT enaze, xolo wera da<br />
diskusia _ meore enaze, rac<br />
gulisxmobs, rom saswavlo masala<br />
gaazrebuli da aTvisebulia, rasac<br />
xSirad ver vaRwevT monolingvuri<br />
swavlebis situaciebSi. meore:<br />
transenobrioba exmareba moswavles,<br />
ganaviTaros enobrivi kompetencia<br />
misTvis ufro sust enaSic.<br />
Cveulebriv situaciaSi moswavle<br />
cdilobs, rTuli davalebebi<br />
Seasrulos Tavis Zlier enaze,<br />
xolo martivi davalebebi _ meore<br />
enaze. transenobrivi midgomis dros<br />
moswavle yvela davalebas Tanabrad<br />
asrulebs orive enaze, rac mas xels<br />
uwyobs, rom ganaviTaros misTvis<br />
susti enac. transenobrivi midgoma<br />
uzrunvelyofs akademiuri enobrivi<br />
unarebis ganviTarebas orive enaSi,<br />
rasac saboloo jamSi mivyavarT<br />
srul bilingvizmamde da ormag<br />
wignierebamde. mesame: ori enis<br />
gamoyeneba xels uwyobs ojaxisa da<br />
skolis TanamSromlobas. es midgoma<br />
mSobels saSualebas aZlevs, metad<br />
iyos CarTuli saskolo cxovrebaSi<br />
da, amasaTanave, daexmaros Svils<br />
saswavlo procesSi. meoTxe:<br />
transenobrioba xels Seuwyobs,<br />
magaliTad, qarTulis, rogorc<br />
mSobliuri enis mcodneebisa da<br />
qarTulis _ rogorc meore enis _<br />
Semswavleli moswavleebis<br />
urTierTobebs da erTmaneTTan<br />
integraciis process. garda amisa,<br />
klasSi orive enis sworad da<br />
strategiulad gamoyeneba<br />
uzrunvelyofs moswavleebSi meore<br />
enis aTvisebas da saswavlo sagnis<br />
31<br />
srulyofilad Seswavlas sinqroniulad<br />
(beikeri, 2010, gv. 296).<br />
saswavlo sagnis S<strong>inaarsi</strong>sa<br />
da enis aTvisebis integrireba<br />
saswavlo procesis erT-erTi<br />
mTavari amocanaa, romelic<br />
maswavlebelma unda Seasrulos,<br />
raTa Tavisi sagnis qarTulad<br />
swavlebaze warmatebulad gadasvla<br />
SeZlos. es marTlac rTuli<br />
problemaa, romlis gadaWrac<br />
mxolod maswavlebelTa TanamSromlobis<br />
Sedegad aris SesaZlebeli.<br />
aq, upirvelesad,<br />
igulisxmeba qarTulis, rogorc<br />
meore enis, maswavleblebsa da sxva<br />
saswavlo sagnebis maswavleblebs<br />
Soris aqtiuri da regularuli<br />
TanamSromloba.<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
winaaRmdeg erT-erTi mTavari<br />
argumenti is mosazrebaa, TiTqos<br />
moswavleebi saswavlo sagans ver<br />
iTviseben meore enis SezRuduli<br />
codnis gamo _ maT saswavlo sagani<br />
unda aiTvison enaze, romelic jer<br />
kidev aTvisebis stadiaSia. marTlac,<br />
kvlevebi adasturebs, rom<br />
akademiuri da rTuli enis<br />
gamoyeneba saswavlo sagnis<br />
aTvisebis dros gadaulaxav<br />
sirTuleebs uqmnis im moswavleebs,<br />
romelTac swavlebis enis mwiri<br />
codna aqvT. aseve, ar SeiZleba<br />
saswavlo sagnis S<strong>inaarsi</strong>s<br />
Seswavlis gadadeba _ es iwvevs<br />
CamorCenas swavlaSi tolebTan<br />
SedarebiT da swavlis survils<br />
ukargavs moswavles (ievina, 2009,<br />
gv.79). amas garda, sagnobrivi<br />
pedagogebi SiSoben, integrirebul<br />
gakveTilze enobrivi kompetenciebis<br />
amaRlebisTvis garkveuli drois<br />
daTmoba daazaralebs erovnul<br />
saswavlo gegmas mocemul saganSi<br />
(maTematikaSi, fizikaSi, geografiaSi<br />
da a.S.), romlis dafarvac<br />
savaldebuloa...
32<br />
swavlebis enisa da saswavlo<br />
sagnobrivi S<strong>inaarsi</strong>s integrireba<br />
niSnavs enobrivi komponentebis<br />
sagnobriv gakveTilebSi CarTvas.<br />
integrirebuli midgoma agebs xids<br />
meore enis gakveTilebsa da<br />
sagnobriv gakveTilebs Soris. am<br />
midgomis gamoyenebis Sedegad ori<br />
dadebiTi Sedegi miiRweva: meore<br />
enisa da sxva saswavlo sagnis<br />
masalis (sagnobrivi S<strong>inaarsi</strong>s)<br />
aTviseba.<br />
saswavlo sagnis gakveTilze<br />
maswavlebeli saswavlo masalas<br />
moswavlis Semecnebis donis<br />
Sesabamisad aswavlis, xolo<br />
moswavlis enis codnis donis<br />
Sesabamisad irCevs sakomunikacio<br />
aqtivobebs; ase rom, ena iqceva<br />
masalis aTvisebis saSualebad,<br />
instrumentad da ara swavlebis<br />
sagnad.<br />
enisa da sagnobrivi S<strong>inaarsi</strong>s<br />
integrirebuli swavleba ramdenime<br />
umniSvnelovanesi unaris<br />
ganviTarebas moiTxovs pedagogisgan:<br />
es erTnairad exeba rogorc meore<br />
enis pedagogs, aseve sxva sagnebis<br />
maswavleblebsac:<br />
mravalferovani informaciis<br />
matareblebis gamoyeneba _ raTa<br />
meore enis masala SeZlebisdagvarad<br />
martivad aRsaqmeli gaxdes,<br />
maswavlebelma informacia<br />
Semecnebis mravalferovani masalis<br />
gamoyenebiT unda miawodos<br />
moswavleebs: realuri sagnebis,<br />
cxrilebis, gamosaxulebebis,<br />
diagramebis, aseve demonstrirebis,<br />
winaswar wakiTxvisa da weris<br />
strategiebis gamoyenebiT.<br />
moswavleebze orientirebuli<br />
swavlebis procesis organizeba _<br />
swavlebis centrSi unda iyos<br />
moswavle, misi interesebi da<br />
saWiroebebi. moswavle aris aqtiuri<br />
obieqti, maswavleblis funqciaa,<br />
moswavleebis TanamSromlobasa da<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
TiToeuli moswavlis codnis<br />
miRebis procesSi aqtiur CarTvas<br />
Seuwyos xeli. maswavlebelma samu-<br />
Sao ise unda dagegmos, rom moswavles<br />
analizis unari ganuviTaros,<br />
rac asaTvisebeli masalis<br />
SemdgomSi gamoyenebisTvis aris<br />
aucilebeli (ievina, 2010, gv. 82).<br />
integrirebuli gakveTilis<br />
Catarebas seriozuli momzadeba<br />
esaWiroeba: upirvelesad,<br />
gansasazRvria rogorc sagnobrivi,<br />
aseve enobrivi miznebi. gasaazrebeli<br />
da dasagegmia TiToeuli aqtivoba _<br />
dasazustebelia SerCeul aqtivobaSi<br />
TiToeuli enis _ mSobliurisa Tu<br />
meore enis _ funqcia (magaliTad,<br />
terminebs, sqemebs, TvalsaCinoebas<br />
vadgenT qarTul enaze, aseve,<br />
qarTulad vaZlevT martiv<br />
instruqciebs: `upasuxe~, `moyevi<br />
gakveTili~, `Seasrule davaleba~ da<br />
sxva); rac Seexeba narativs<br />
(magaliTad, moswavlis mier<br />
davalebis moyola), am etapze ar<br />
unda vaiZuloT moswavle, meore<br />
enaze daZlios es rTuli davaleba.<br />
integrirebuli midgomis<br />
dagegmvisTvis upriania momzadebis<br />
Semdegi xerxi: sanam integrirebuli<br />
meTodis gamoyenebas daiwyebdes,<br />
sagnis maswavlebelma unda icodes,<br />
Tu ra xerxebs iyenebs meore enis<br />
pedagogi Tavis gakveTilebze. am<br />
informaciis misaRebad maswavleblebi<br />
erTmaneTis gakveTilebs unda<br />
daeswron da klasSi muSaobis<br />
process daakvirdnen. rasakvirvelia,<br />
kargia, Tuki sagnisa da enis<br />
maswavleblebi winaswar iqnebian<br />
momzadebulebi trenirebis gziT<br />
(aRvniSnavT, rom am mimarTulebiT<br />
ukve gadaidga pirveli nabijebi da<br />
saqarTvelos 40 sapilote<br />
bilingvuri skolis pedagogebma<br />
gaiares treningi bilingvuri<br />
swavlebis meTodologiasa da<br />
strategiebSi – ix. n. SaraSeniZis
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
statia amave JurnalSi: SaraSeniZe,<br />
2010, gv. 43).<br />
enisa da sxva saswavlo sagnis<br />
maswavleblebma, erTad muSaobis<br />
dros, unda daadginon enobrivi<br />
sirTuleebi da moswavlisTvis<br />
saWiro unarebi, romlebic<br />
Sesabamisi sagnis masalis<br />
aTvisebisTvis aris aucilebeli<br />
(magaliTad, saxelmZRvanelos<br />
wakiTxvis unari; savarjiSobis<br />
rveulSi davalebis Sesrulebis<br />
unari; sxvadasxva terminis<br />
mniSvnelobis garkvevis unari;<br />
sakuTari azris gamoTqmisa da<br />
dasabuTebis unari da sxva).<br />
Semdegi nabiji sagnobrivi da<br />
enis maswavleblis erToblivi<br />
muSaobis proceSi im problemebis<br />
dadgenaa, romlebic SesaZloa<br />
SeeqmnaT moswavleebs ama Tu im<br />
masalis (igulisxmeba sagnobrivi<br />
masala) aTvisebisas. aseTi saxis<br />
problemebi SeiZleba warmoiSvas,<br />
magaliTad, imis gamo, rom<br />
saxelmZRvaneloebis an sxva,<br />
damxmare teqstebis leqsika<br />
zedmetad rTulia. aseT<br />
SemTxvevebSi meore enis maswavlebeli<br />
exmareba sagnobriv<br />
pedagogs TvalsaCinoebebis SedgenaSi,<br />
sadac maqsimalurad<br />
gamartivebuli iqneba Sesaswavli<br />
aucilebeli terminebi da is<br />
martivi enobrivi konstruqciebi,<br />
romelTa gamoyenebiTac moswavle<br />
SeZlebs codnis gamovlenas meore<br />
enaze, ZiriTadi saTqmelis<br />
gadmocemas qarTulad.<br />
sagnobrivma maswavlebelma<br />
unda daadginos Tavisi sagnis<br />
swavlebis procesSi yvelaze xSirad<br />
gamosayenebeli sityvebis CamonaTvali.<br />
meore enis maswavlebelTan<br />
TanamSromlobiT unda uzrunvelyos<br />
am sityvebis sworad gamoyenebis<br />
unari. SesaZloa, Zalian gamoadgeT<br />
ZiriTadi sityvebis moswavleebisaT-<br />
33<br />
vis winaswar gacnoba. maswavlebels<br />
SeuZlia, gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gaamaxvilos<br />
iseT sityvebze, romelTac<br />
SeuZliaT moswavleTa azrovneba<br />
swori mimarTulebiT waiyvanon,<br />
daexmaron mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris<br />
povnasa da pasuxebis moZiebaSi.<br />
rogorc araerTxel iTqva,<br />
integrirebuli gakveTilis axsnisas<br />
aucilebelia mravalferovani<br />
vizualuri masalis gamoyeneba;<br />
magaliTad, SeiZleba qaRaldze<br />
amowerili da amoWrili, qarTul<br />
enaze Sesrulebuli saWiro<br />
terminebis mikroba. es damatebiTi<br />
informacia garkveuli periodis<br />
ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba darCes<br />
vizualur masalaze ganTavsebuli.<br />
roca darwmundebiT, rom<br />
moswavleebma axali terminebi<br />
aiTvises, mikrobili furclebis<br />
moxsna SegiZliaT. aseve,<br />
maswavlebelma unda Seqmnas<br />
situaciebi, romlebSic mas SeuZlia<br />
darwmundes, rom moswavleebi axal<br />
terminebs srulad daeuflnen.<br />
gakveTilis dagegmvisas maswavlebelma<br />
unda daisaxos umniSvnelovanesi<br />
miznebi da swored maT<br />
moargos Sesabamisi masala, raTa<br />
gamousadegari wvrilmanebisa da<br />
detalebis swavlebas aaridos Tavi.<br />
sagnis maswavlebels SeuZlia<br />
moZebnos alternatiuli saswavlo<br />
wignebi an sxva masala, romelTa<br />
ganmartebebic ufro Seesabameba<br />
meore enis aTvisebis procesSi myof<br />
moswavleebs. maswavlebels, aseve,<br />
SeuZlia ukve arsebuli teqstebis<br />
moswavlis enis codnis donis<br />
Sesabamisad adaptireba; ar unda<br />
dagvaviwydes, rom saWiroa pirvel<br />
rigSi Zalian martivad aRsaqmeli<br />
masalis momzadeba axali Temis<br />
saswavleblad, xolo Semdeg<br />
gakveTilebze enobrivi mravalferovnebis<br />
TandaTanobiTi zrda,
34<br />
sanam Tema srulad iqneba<br />
aTvisebuli.<br />
Zalian mniSvnelovania,<br />
gakveTilis dasawyisSi miznebi<br />
dafaze daiweros da qarTul enaze<br />
xmamaRla davasaxeloT (SesaZlebelia,<br />
moswavleebsac gavameorebinoT<br />
es miznebi). sasargeblo<br />
iqneba aseve imis ganmarteba, rom es<br />
gakveTili wina da Semdeg<br />
gakveTilebTan mWidro kavSirSia.<br />
sanam moswavleebi raime<br />
samuSaos Sesrulebas Seudgebodnen,<br />
maswavlebelma maT savarjiSos<br />
sruli aRwera unda gaacnos:<br />
sasurvelia, pedagogma SeZlos am<br />
aRweris qarTul enaze wardgena,<br />
Tumca, gaviTvaliswinoT, rom<br />
pirobis gageba umniSvnelovanesi<br />
komponentia da mSobliuri enis<br />
gamoyenebis SezRudva am komponentSi<br />
mizanSeuwonelia. amis Semdeg<br />
maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs<br />
misces ufleba, es davaleba<br />
safexurebad Tavad Seasrulon. es<br />
xerxi gansakuTrebiT maTematikisa<br />
da sxva zusti mecnierebebis<br />
savarjiSoebis SesrulebisTvisaa<br />
xelsayreli.<br />
saWiroa, rom moswavleebs<br />
TanamSromlobisa da klasSi<br />
samuSaod urTierTkavSirisTvis<br />
winapiroba SevuqmnaT. yovlad<br />
dauSvebelia, rom maswavlebelma<br />
mxolod leqciis formati<br />
gamoiyenos _ TviTon ilaparakos<br />
bevri, xolo moswavleebi pasiurebi<br />
iyvnen; moswavleebis damoukidebel,<br />
wyvilebSi an jgufebSi muSaoba<br />
saukeTeso formaa integrirebuli<br />
swavlebisaTvis. isini aqtiurad<br />
unda iyvnen CarTulni gakveTilis<br />
yvela monakveTSi. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
moswavleebi kargad aiTviseben<br />
rogorc sagnobriv masalas, aseve,<br />
gaiumjobeseben enis codnas.<br />
maswavlebelma xelovnurad unda<br />
Seqmnas situaciebi, romlebSic<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
moswavleebs SesaZlebloba miecemaT,<br />
sagnis Sesabamisi leqsika gamoiyenon<br />
da sagnobrivi S<strong>inaarsi</strong>s Sesaxeb<br />
sakiTxebze isaubron, aseve,<br />
werilobiT gamoTqvan azri qarTul<br />
enaze.<br />
enis aTvisebis procesSi<br />
moswavleebi saubrisas Secdomebs<br />
uSveben. es bunebrivi movlenaa.<br />
bilingvali maswavlebeli<br />
darwmunebuli unda iyos, rom<br />
moswavleebs esmiT informacia da<br />
ar unda miaqcios gadaWarbebiT didi<br />
yuradReba orTografiisa da<br />
stilistikis aspeqtebs. ra Tqma<br />
unda, maswavlebelma Tavad swori<br />
forma unda SesTavazos, magram<br />
misgan gamarTuli metyvelebis<br />
moTxovna gaumarTlebelia. mTavari<br />
roli enis sworad gamoyenebis<br />
aTvisebaSi enis maswavlebels<br />
uWiravs da ara ama Tu im sagnis<br />
pedagogs.<br />
integrirebuli gakveTilis<br />
warmatebuli SedegisaTvis didi<br />
mniSvneloba eniWeba sworad da<br />
gemovnebiT SerCeul aqtivobebs.<br />
airCieT aqtivobebi, romlebic<br />
moswavleebs daexmareba, Tavad<br />
aRmoaCinon axali informacia;<br />
maswavlebeli exmareba moswavleebs<br />
informaciis organizebaSi da<br />
Sesasrulebeli moqmedebebis<br />
Tanmimdevrobas ugegmavs. sabunebismetyvelo<br />
mimarTulebis an<br />
socialur mecnierebaTa gakveTilebze<br />
didi warmatebiT SeiZleba im<br />
xerxebis gamoyeneba, romlebSic<br />
moswavleebi proeqtis meTodiT<br />
ikvleven Tavisive arCeul Temas.<br />
maswavlebeli moqmedebs rogorc<br />
koordinatori _ moswavle<br />
gansazRvravs problemas, eZebs mis<br />
mizezebs, atarebs kvlevebs an<br />
eqsperiments da problemis<br />
gadawyvetis gzebs eZebs. enis<br />
codnis done, azris gasagebad<br />
gamoTqmis unari da proeqtis
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
SemuSavebis procesSi sxvebis azris<br />
gageba iZens konkretul praqtikul<br />
mniSvnelobas. am dros SesaZlebelia<br />
qarTuli enis _ rogorc<br />
informaciis mogrovebis, monacemTa<br />
damuSavebis, argumentirebis<br />
saSualebad gamoyeneba.<br />
rekomendebulia, maswavlebelma<br />
gamoiyenos aqtivobebi,<br />
romlebSic moswavleebisTvis<br />
nakluli informaciis moZieba iqneba<br />
saWiro: am tipis aqtivobebs<br />
miekuTvneba roluri TamaSebi,<br />
situaciuri, kiTxva-pasuxebis savarjiSoebi,<br />
problemebis gadawyveta.<br />
TiToeul moswavles (klasSi an<br />
jgufSi) aqvs erTi an ori<br />
informaciis fragmenti, romlebic<br />
savarjiSos Sesasruleblad aris<br />
aucilebeli, magram ar aris saWiro<br />
informaciis srulad miwodeba.<br />
moswavleebma erTad unda imuSaon,<br />
unda gacvalon informacia. am<br />
xerxiT maTi metyvelebis da<br />
azrovnebis unaris gavarjiSeba da<br />
enis donis gaumjobeseba SeiZleba.<br />
uaRresad efeqturia am tipis<br />
gakveTilebSi e.w. `sityvaTa qselis~<br />
(semantic xebing) gamoyeneba. `qseli~<br />
xSirad gamoiyeneba rogorc weris<br />
wina aqtivoba; aseve, es brwyinvale<br />
savarjiSoa axali Temis ganxilvis<br />
an wakiTxvis win. igi exmareba<br />
moswavleebs azrebis mokrefaSi da<br />
informaciis dalagebaSi. moswavleebs<br />
(maswavleblis daxmarebiT, an<br />
mis gareSe), pirvel rigSi, SeuZliaT<br />
Camoweron TariRebi, terminebi,<br />
cnebebi Tanmimdevrobis gareSe da<br />
qseli mxolod Semdgom Seadginon,<br />
an sulac Tavidanve ase daiwyon,<br />
asociaciebisa da azrebis cxrilebis<br />
SeqmniT (ievina, 2009, gv. 93)..<br />
35<br />
Semdeg moswavleebs `qselis~<br />
gamoyeneba SeuZliaT Sesabamis<br />
Temaze saubris an weris dros. es<br />
daexmarebaT CamoTvlili kategoriebis<br />
gamoyenebaSi, azris<br />
gamoTqmis Txrobis formaSi.<br />
Temis aTvisebis procesSi<br />
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda<br />
mieqces mosmenis aqtivobebs: Temis<br />
Sesabamisi masalis mosmena<br />
moswavleebs saSualebas miscems,<br />
ganewyon TemaSi CaRrmavebisTvis.<br />
amis uzrunvelsayofad moswavleebs<br />
SeiZleba raime simRera, leqsi an<br />
Tundac mokle moTxroba<br />
SesTavazoT da amis Sesaxeb<br />
gauCinoT motivacia, rom mokled<br />
isaubaron am sakiTxze.<br />
sakmaod rTuli sakiTxia<br />
konkretuli aqtivobisa Tu,<br />
sazogadod, gakveTilis Sefaseba<br />
integrirebuli swavlebis procesSi;<br />
aq dgeba erTi problema, romelic<br />
damatebiT Tavsatexs uCens pedagogs:<br />
roca moswavle ver asrulebs ama<br />
Tu im davalebas, gasarkvevia, es<br />
xdeba sagnobrivi S<strong>inaarsi</strong>s<br />
arasrulyofilad aTvisebis Tu<br />
enobrivi kompetenciebis dabali<br />
donis gamo... es problema marTlac<br />
mniSvnelovania da mTeli rigi<br />
SefasebiTi aqtivobebisa unda<br />
gamoiyenos pedagogma, raTa dasvas<br />
zusti diagnozi, gamoarkvios<br />
mizezi, Tu ratom moxda miznis<br />
miRwevis procesSi Seferxeba. es<br />
calke Temaa da sagangebo<br />
msjelobas moiTxovs.
36<br />
beikeri, 2010 – Bk. beikeri,<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebisa da<br />
bilingvizmis safuZvlebi;<br />
Tbilisi, `saimedo~, 2010 w.<br />
ievina, 2009 _ e. ievina, sagnobrivi<br />
S<strong>inaarsi</strong>sa da swavlebis enis<br />
aTvisebis integrireba<br />
gakveTilze; bilingvuri<br />
ganaTleba; samagido wigni<br />
maswavleblebisTvis; Tbilisi,<br />
uiliamsi, `saimedo~, 1994 2009 _ w. WILLIAMS, Cen, 1994,<br />
Arfarniad o Ddulliau Dysgu ac Addysgu yng<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
Nghyd-destun Addysg Uwchradd Ddwyeithong.<br />
Unpublish PhD thesis. Bangor: University of<br />
Wales.<br />
uiliamsi, 1996 _ WILLIAMS, Cen, 1996,<br />
Secondary education: Teaching in the<br />
bilingual situation. In C.<br />
SaraSeniZe, 2010 _ n. SaraSeniZe,<br />
treningebi interkulturuli da<br />
bilingvuri swavlebis meTodebsa<br />
da strategiaSi, Jurnali `bilingvuri<br />
ganaTleba~, Tbilisi,<br />
`saimedo~, 2010 w., # 1.
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
irina SubiTiZe<br />
xSirad dasmuli SekiTxvebi bilingvizmis irgvliv<br />
msoflioSi arsebobs qveynebi,<br />
romelTac ori an meti saxelmwifo<br />
ena aqvT (magaliTad, SveicariaSi<br />
franguli, germanuli, italiuri).<br />
umravlesobis sasaubro enas xSirad<br />
ar warmoadgens saxelmwifo ena.<br />
dRes msoflio enaTa Soris<br />
dominantia inglisuri, romelic<br />
TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi gamoiyeneba,<br />
miuxedavad imisa, aris Tu ara is<br />
saxelmwifo ena. aseve, sxvadasxva<br />
qveyanaSi izrdeba moTxovna rusul,<br />
frangul, espanur, Cinur, arabul da<br />
sxva enebze. qveynebSi, romelTac<br />
erTze meti saxelmwifo ena aqvT, bi<br />
/ multilingvizmi normadaa<br />
miRebuli.<br />
abstraqti<br />
statiis mizania, gaacnos farTo sazogadoebas, ra aris bilingvizmi<br />
da ra upiratesobebi aqvs bilingvur ganaTlebas. Uukanasknel periodSi<br />
es Tema gaxda aqtualuri, radgan globalizaciis epoqaSi arnaxulad<br />
gaizarda emigrantTa da imigrantTa ricxvi mTel msoflioSi.<br />
am xalxs sWirdeba gamosavali, raTa iarsebon ucxo sazogadoebaSi;<br />
bilingvizmi ki SeiZleba miviCnioT, rogorc erT-erTi<br />
gamosavali. statia moicavs Semdeg sakiTxebs: vin aris bilingvali?<br />
ra aris bilingvizmi? ra upiratesobebs floben bilingvalebi? ra<br />
gavlenas axdens bavSvis fsiqikur ganviTarebaze ori an meti enis<br />
paraleluri swavleba? bilingvizmi, rogorc gamosavali erovnuli<br />
umciresobebisaTvis da emigrantebisTvis, raTa daimkvidron Tavi sazogadoebaSi,<br />
magram SeinarCunon sakuTari kultura da tradiciebi.<br />
bilingvizmis yvelaze cnobili<br />
gansazRvreba ekuTvnis kolumbiis<br />
universitetis enaTmecniersa da<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis erT-erT<br />
fuZemdebels vainraihs: `ori enis<br />
monacvleobiT gamoyenebas praqtikaSi<br />
bilingvizmi ewodeba,<br />
adamians ki, romelic or enas<br />
flobs da iyenebs _ bilingvali~<br />
(ix. kornakovi, 2000).<br />
mniSvnelovania asaki, Tu rodis<br />
gaxda adamiani bilingvali. amis<br />
mixedviT ganasxvaveben adreul da<br />
gviandel bilingvizms. xSirad<br />
garemo pirobebi ubiZgebs bavSvebs,<br />
gaxdnen bunebrivi bilingvalebi<br />
(mizanmimarTuli swavlebis gareSe,<br />
yoveldRiuri komunikaciis Sedegad<br />
37
38<br />
naswavli ena) adreuli asakidan.<br />
magaliTad, bavSvi, romelic<br />
umciresobis ojaxSi izrdeba,<br />
iZulebulia iswavlos mSobliuri<br />
ena, raTa SeZlos komunikacia<br />
ojaxis werebTan da aseve<br />
saxelmwifo ena, romelic sWirdeba<br />
skolaSi, samezobloSi, megobarTa<br />
wreSi. arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca<br />
bavSvebi izrdebian umciresobebiT<br />
kompaqturad dasaxlebul garemoSi<br />
da arian monolingvalebi (pirovneba,<br />
romelic mxolod erT enas flobs),<br />
magram maT SemdgomSi eqmnebaT<br />
problemebi, radgan Tavs grZnoben<br />
sazogadoebisgan gariyulad (xSirad<br />
monolongvizmis msxverplni arian<br />
erovnuli umciresobebi), aqvT<br />
problemebi adamianebTan urTierTobaSi,<br />
ver pouloben sakuTar<br />
adgilsa da dasaqmebis<br />
SesaZleblobac dabalia<br />
zrdasrulobis periodSi. xSirad<br />
swored es mizezebi xdeba enis<br />
swavlis survilis sababi (anu<br />
gviandeli bilingvizmis motivacia).<br />
bilingvizmi imdenad farTo da<br />
jer kidev Camoyalibebis procesSi<br />
myofi cnebaa, SeuZlebelia<br />
ramdenime aqtualur SekiTxvaze<br />
pasuxiT am Temis amowurva. arsebobs<br />
kiTxvebi, romlebic Zalian xSirad<br />
daismis am sakiTxis irgvliv.<br />
magaliTad, vis SeiZleba vuwodoT<br />
bilingvali? ra upiratesobiT<br />
sargebloben bilingvalebi? ra<br />
gavlenas axdens bilingvizmi<br />
adamianis fsiqikur ganviTarebaze?<br />
aris Tu ara saWiro, umciresobebi<br />
iyvnen bilingvalebi?<br />
1. vin aris bilingvali?<br />
arsebobs bilingvalis martivi<br />
gageba, romlis mixedviTac<br />
bilingvali ewodeba adamians,<br />
romelic or enaze saubrobs, magram<br />
SekiTxva gacilebiT kompleqsuria.<br />
Tu adamiani erT enas umniSvnelod<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
ukeT flobs, vidre meores, SegviZlia<br />
Tu ara, vuwodoT bilingvali?<br />
Zalian cota adamiani flobs<br />
zustad erTnairad or an met enas.<br />
Tumca, SesaZlebelia, meore enasac<br />
zedmiwevniT kargad flobdnen.<br />
dominanti ena yovelTvis ar aris<br />
mSobliuri bilingvalisTvis.<br />
SeiZleba erTi bilingvali mxolod<br />
erT enas iyenebdes yoveldRiur<br />
cxovrebaSi, meore _ orive enaze<br />
regularulad saubrobdes, magram<br />
meore enaze saubrobdes ufro arasrulyofilad,<br />
SeferxebiT.<br />
iTqmis Tu ara bilingvali<br />
masze, visac araCveulebrivad esmis,<br />
magram ver saubrobs meore enaze?<br />
vinc saubrobs, magram ver flobs<br />
kiTxvis unar-Cvevebs? ra SeiZleba<br />
ewodos adamians, romelic enis<br />
srulyofili codnisTvis saWiro<br />
oTx kompetencias (wera, kiTxva,<br />
laparaki, mosmena) erTnair doneze<br />
ver flobs?<br />
bilingvizmi aris mdgomareoba,<br />
romelic icvleba droTa<br />
ganmavlobaSi, garemoebis mixedviT.<br />
monolingvali xdeba bilingvali<br />
meore enis SeZeniT. aseve<br />
SesaZlebelia bilingvali gaxdes<br />
monolingvali meore enis<br />
daviwyebiT. bavSvma SesaZlebelia<br />
umciresobis ena iswavlos saxlSi,<br />
umravlesobis ena - skolaSi an<br />
sazogadoebaSi. droTa ganmavlobaSi<br />
SeZenili ena SeiZleba gaxdes<br />
dominanti. Tu adamiani moSordeba<br />
garemos, romelSic mis mSobliur<br />
enaze saubroben da aRar eqneba<br />
kontaqti am sazogadoebasTn, iqmneba<br />
mSobliuri enis dakargvis<br />
saSiSroeba. bilingvizmi aris metad mravalmxrivi<br />
Tema, romelzec dRes ar<br />
arsebobs calsaxa da yovlismomcveli<br />
gansazRvreba. droTa ganmavlobaSi<br />
Camoyalibdeba ufro daxvewili<br />
da srulyofili gansazRvreba,
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
romelic ufro gasagebs gaxdis bilingvizmis<br />
arssa da mniSvnelobas.<br />
bilingvizmi sazogadoebaSi.<br />
bilingvalebi da multilingvalebi<br />
xSirad cxovroben<br />
sxvadasxva jgufebsa da<br />
sazogadoebebSi, regionebSi. aseT<br />
SemTxvevaSi ori an meti enis<br />
Tanaarsebobisas xSirad<br />
aramSobliuri ena xdeba dominanti.<br />
arsebobs gansxvaveba individualur<br />
da sazogadoebriv bilingvizms<br />
Soris. maswavleblebi, enis<br />
specialistebi da fsiqologebi<br />
xSirad interesdebian<br />
individualuri bilingvizmiT, maSin,<br />
roca geografiis, politikuri da<br />
socialuri mecnierebebis<br />
warmomadgenlebi ufro Rrma<br />
interess iCenen sazogadoebriv<br />
bilingvizmisadmi. maT Soris ki aris<br />
rogorc arsebiTad ganmasxvavebeli<br />
faqto-rebi, SesaZlebelia, aseve bevri sazogadoeba saerToc. or<br />
enas (an dialeqts) iyenebdes<br />
sxvadasxva socialuri<br />
funqciisTvis. garkveuli periodis<br />
Tanaarsebobis Semdeg enebi<br />
ganicdian cvlilebas da<br />
uyalibdebaT raRac saerTo<br />
maxasiaTebeli. praqtikam aCvena, rom<br />
sazogadoeba ar iyenebs orive enaSi<br />
arsebul variants erTi da imave<br />
miznisTvis. magaliTad, erovnuli<br />
umciresobebis warmomadgenlebi<br />
xSirad TavianT enas iyeneben saxlSi<br />
sasaubrod, raTa SeinarCunon<br />
kulturuli memkvidreoba enis<br />
wyalobiT. umravlesobis ena<br />
SeiZleba gamoiyenon samsaxurSi,<br />
ganaTlebis an masmediis<br />
saSualebebiT informaciis<br />
misaRebad. bilingvizmi, rogorc ukve<br />
aRvniSneT, individSi arsebul<br />
orenovnebas gamoxatavs. orenovnebas<br />
sazogadoebasTan mimarTebiT ki<br />
diglosia (diglossia) ewodeba.<br />
(fergusoni, 1959; fiSmani, 1972, 1980).<br />
2. aqvT Tu ara raime upiratesoba<br />
bilingval bavSvebs?<br />
ratom aris bilingvizmi<br />
mniSvnelovani bavSvebisTvis?<br />
bilingvizmi, multilingvizmi an<br />
monolingvizmi gavlenas axdens<br />
bavSvis identifikaciaze,<br />
gansazRvravs garkveulwilad mis<br />
momaval cxovrebas, samegobros da<br />
sanacnobo wres, swavlas, dasaqmebas,<br />
qorwinebas da fiqrsac ki nebismier<br />
Temaze. kiTxvaze: izrdeba Tu<br />
mcirdeba maTi arCevani nebismier<br />
sferoSi maTi enobrivi kompetenciis<br />
mixedviT _ ufro marTebuli iqneba<br />
vupasuxoT, rom bilingvizms an<br />
multilingvizms aqvs gacilebiT<br />
meti upiratesoba, vidre uaryofiTi<br />
mxare. gansakuTrebiT _ erovnuli<br />
umciresobebisaTvis da emigranti<br />
bavSvebisTvis, radgan maT unda<br />
SeinarCunon mSobliuri ena da<br />
iswavlon im qveynis ena, sadac<br />
cxovroben, raTa mieceT saSualeba,<br />
sakuTari adgili ipovon<br />
sazogadoebaSi.<br />
komunikaciis areali izrdeba,<br />
interesis sfero farTovdeba,<br />
dasaqmebis meti SesaZleblobaa,<br />
wigniereba or enaSi xels uwyobs<br />
sxvadasxva unaris ganviTarebas da<br />
amdidrebs Tvalsawiers.<br />
kulturuli upiratesobebi:<br />
sxvadasxva kulturis gacnoba xdis<br />
adamians ufro tolerants.<br />
sxvadasxva enaSi arsebuli sityvebisa<br />
da Taviseburi gamoTqmebis<br />
wyalobiT xdeba sxva kulturis<br />
nawili. bilingvalebi xSirad<br />
makavSirebel Zalas warmoadgenen<br />
unciresobebis ojaxebsa da im sazogadoebas<br />
Soris, sadac maT uwevT<br />
arseboba. avseben im sicarieles,<br />
romelic Cndeba ori gansxvavebuli<br />
kulturis Tanaarsebobisas, roca<br />
enis gamo isini ver axerxeben kon-<br />
39
40<br />
taqts da iketebian sakuTar kulturaSi.<br />
kreatiuli azrovnebis<br />
ganviTarebas uwyobs xels, xdis<br />
komunikabelurs, izrdeba swavlis<br />
SesaZlebloba da survili,<br />
identurobis SegrZneba, Rirsebis<br />
grZnoba.<br />
dRevandel pirobebSi, roca<br />
dRiTidRe izrdeba moTxovna<br />
damsaqmeblebis mxridan SromiT<br />
bazarze, udidesi upiratesoba<br />
eniWebaT bilingvalebs. maTi<br />
enobrivi SesaZleblobebi xdiT<br />
konkurentunarians da exmarebaT<br />
karierul winsvlaSi.<br />
bilingvizmi xSir SemTxvevaSi<br />
aris erTaderTi gamosavali, raTa<br />
umciresobebma SeinarCunon sakuTari<br />
kultura, tradiciebi da fesvebi;<br />
meore mxriv, maT Svilebs mieceT<br />
saSualeba ganviTardnen, iswavlon<br />
da adaptacia moaxdinon<br />
umravlesobis enis codniT.<br />
monolingvals xSirad aqvs<br />
xolme barieri sxva kulturis<br />
adamianebTan urTierTobaSi, uWirs<br />
gansxvavebul garemoSi sakuTari<br />
adgilis povna, dasaqmeba,<br />
adamianebTan kontaqti, eqceva<br />
xSirad mxolod erTi kulturis<br />
gavlenis qveS, rac uaryofiT<br />
gavlenas axdens mis azrovnebasa da<br />
cnobierebaze, maSin, roca<br />
bilingvals msgavsi problemebi<br />
TiTqmis arasodes eqmneba.<br />
isini, vinc or enaze kiTxuloben,<br />
imdidreben sityvaTa marags,<br />
TiToeuli ena amaragebs gansxvavebuli<br />
gamoTqmebiT, xedviT,<br />
gansxvavebuli istoriebiT, tradiciebiT,<br />
ritualebis codniT, rac<br />
aZlevT SesaZleblobas, Seadaron<br />
ramdenime kultura da gaakeTon sakuTari<br />
daskvnebi. SesaZlebels xdis,<br />
Seadaron sxvadasxva qveynis folklori,<br />
religiuri ritualebi da<br />
erovnuli tradiciebi, mwerloba,<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
mxatvroba da a.S., rac amdidrebs<br />
maTi codnisa da azrovnebis areals.<br />
3.Aaferxebs Tu ara bilingvizmi<br />
bavSvis fsiqikur ganviTarebas?<br />
arsebobs negatiuri<br />
crurwmenebi da mosazrebebi,<br />
romlebic ukavSirdeba bilingvizms<br />
da bilingval bavSvebs. Sizofrenia,<br />
fsiqikuri aSliloba, identurobasTan<br />
dakavSirebuli problemebi,<br />
sakuTari Tavisa da kulturis<br />
mimarT upativcemuloba, sazogadoebis<br />
erTi nawilis azriT, es im<br />
problemaTa CamonaTvalia, romel-<br />
Tac bilingvali bavSvebi awydebian.<br />
yovelTvis iqnebian adamianebi,<br />
romlebic TavianT an sxvaTa<br />
bilingvizms problemad CaTvlian,<br />
magram kvlevebma aCvena, rom<br />
bilingvalebisa da trilingvalebis<br />
umetesoba araviTar siZneleebs ar<br />
awydeba sxvadasxva enis<br />
gamoyenebisas (grosieni, 1982).<br />
mosazreba, rom bilingvalebi arian<br />
adamianebi, romelTac aqvT<br />
socialuri, identurobis da<br />
sxvadasxva saxis problema erTze<br />
meti enis codnis gamo _ arasworia,<br />
radgan es aris individualuri<br />
problema, romelic SeiZleba<br />
hqondes rogorc monolingvals, ise<br />
bi / mul-tilingvals. arsebobs<br />
mosazreba, rom bilingvizmi aris<br />
enasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis<br />
(enabluobis) mizezi, Tumca<br />
Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom<br />
msgavsi tipis bilingvali<br />
gacilebiT naklebia msoflioSi,<br />
vidre monolingvali.
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
4. aris Tu ara gamosavali biling-<br />
vizmi enobrivi umciresobebisaT-<br />
vis da emigrantebisaTvis?<br />
zogierTi davobs, rom<br />
ganaTleba umciresobebisTvis<br />
sakuTar enaze unda iyos<br />
savaldebulo. mxolod am<br />
SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli<br />
SeinarCunon eTnikuri identoba da<br />
daafason sakuTari ena da kultura,<br />
rac Rirsebis grZnobas Sehmatebs<br />
maT da daicavs asimilaciisagan.<br />
magram mkvlevarTa nawili saubrobs<br />
monolingvalebis Rirsebis grZnobis<br />
Selaxvaze, rac gamowveuli iqneba<br />
maTi sazogadoebisgan izolaciiT<br />
dominanti enis arcodnis gamo. maT<br />
ojaxis garda yvelgan SeeqmnebaT<br />
problema, aseve ver gaxdebian im<br />
kulturis nawili, sadac mTeli<br />
cxovreba unda gaataron, isini ver<br />
SeZleben sakuTari Tavis<br />
realizebas sazogadoebaSi da<br />
dakargaven rwmenas,GRirsebis<br />
grZnobas, radgan Tavs igrZnoben<br />
martosulad da gariyulad. albaT<br />
es ramdenime mizezic sakmarisia<br />
bilingvizmis upiratesobaSi<br />
dasarwmuneblad.<br />
kidev erTi mosazreba<br />
bilingvizmis winaaRmdeg is aris,<br />
rom bilingvalebi arian gaorebuli<br />
pirovnebebi, romlebic ixliCebian<br />
or enasa da kulturas Soris. es<br />
mosazrebac, ra Tqma unda, realobas<br />
moklebulia. yvela adamianis<br />
SesaZlebloba individualuria,<br />
iseve warmatebiT SeiZleba<br />
monolingvali gaxdes gaucxoebis<br />
msxverpli sxva kulturis arcnobis<br />
gamo, rogorc arasworad<br />
miwodebuli meore enis swavlebiT,<br />
amitom aucilebelia, swori forma<br />
moinaxos enis swavlebisaTvis da<br />
kulturebs Soris logikuri<br />
41<br />
kavSiris dasamyareblad. sxvadasxva<br />
enis codna SesaZlebels xdis,<br />
sagnebs da movlenebs sxvadasxva<br />
kulturis WrilSi SevxedoT,<br />
SevafasoT da gavakeToT sakuTari<br />
daskvnebi.<br />
bilingvizmis arseboba<br />
emigranti ojaxebis SvilebisTvis<br />
erT-erTi yvelaze logikuri<br />
gamosavalia, raTa bavSvebma<br />
SeinarCunon mSobliuri ena, magram,<br />
amavdroulad, iswavlon dominanti<br />
ena, raTa enis saSualebiT gaecnon<br />
da gaiTavison maspinZeli qveynis<br />
Rirebulebebi, cxovrebis wesi,<br />
tradiciebi, kultura, istoria. am<br />
gziT sruliad SesaZlebelia<br />
pirovnebam adaptacia moaxdinos da<br />
irgZnos Tavi im qveynis<br />
srulfasovan moqalaqed, sadac<br />
cxovrobs.<br />
amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
rom bilingvizmi aris erT-erTi<br />
gamosavali, raTa erovnulma<br />
umciresobebma, romlebic mravladaa<br />
mTels msoflioSi da dRevandeli<br />
globalizaciis pirobebSi<br />
dRiTidRe izrdeba imigrantTa<br />
ricxvi, Tavidan aicilon<br />
asimilacia, magram, amasTanave,<br />
iswavlon umravlesobis ena, raTa<br />
SeZlon sakuTari adgilis povna<br />
sazogadoebaSi da izolacias da<br />
gariyulobas aaridon Tavi. aseve,<br />
enis swavla iZleva saSualebas,<br />
gaxde im qveynis istoriisa da<br />
kulturis nawili, sadac arseboba<br />
giwevs. xSirad amas bilingvizmis<br />
mowinaaRmdegeebi mis uaryifiT<br />
mxared miiCneven imas, rom meore ena<br />
mSobliuris dakninebis xarjze<br />
viTardeba. Cveni azriT, Tu gaqvs<br />
arCevanis ufleba, unda icxovro<br />
sakuTar qveyanaSi, an Tu gixdeba<br />
sxva qveyanaSi cxovreba, valdebuli<br />
xar, pativi sce im qveynis<br />
tradiciebs, xalxs da iswavlo maTi<br />
ena, raTa Tavadac aicilo Tavidan
42<br />
enis arcodniT gamowveuli<br />
diskomforti da iolad SeZlo<br />
ucxo garemoSi adaptacia.<br />
bilingvizmi qmnis SesaZleblobas,<br />
nebismier mravaleTnikur<br />
qveyanaSi Seiqmnas multikulturuli<br />
garemo, moxdes erovnuli<br />
umciresobebis integracia, rac<br />
Tavidan agvacilebs erebsa da<br />
kulturebs Soris dapirispirebas,<br />
rac xSirad xdeba xangrZlivi<br />
beikeri, 2010 - k. beikeri,<br />
bilingvizmisa da bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis safuZvlebi.<br />
samoqalaqo integraciisa da<br />
erovnebaTaSorisi<br />
urTierTobebis centris 2010<br />
wlis qarTuli versiis<br />
gamocema.<br />
beikeri, 2000 - Baker C. (2000) The<br />
Care and Education of Young<br />
Bilinguals: An Introduction for<br />
grosieni, Professionals. 1982 - Grosjean F. (1982) Life<br />
with two languages: an introduction to<br />
bilingualism. Harvard University Press.<br />
gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
konfliqtebis sababi. aseve,<br />
umravlesobis warmomadgenlebs<br />
meore enis swavla saSualebas<br />
miscemT, gaiTavison da gaiziaron<br />
gansxvavebuli kultura, tradiciebi<br />
da gaxdnen msoflio kulturis<br />
nawili.<br />
vainraihi, 1968 - Weinreich Uriel W.<br />
(1968) Languages in Contact: Findings<br />
and Problems. Mouton Publisher , The<br />
Hague.<br />
kornakovi, 2000 - Kornakov P.K Bilingualism<br />
In Children: Classifications,<br />
Questions and Problems<br />
(http://www.brad.ac.uk/staff/pkkornakov/<br />
bilHermeneus2000.htm).
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
nino SaraSeniZe<br />
treningebi interkulturuli da bilingvuri swavlebis<br />
meTodebsa da strategiaSi<br />
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebis saministrom bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis programis farglebSi<br />
(xsenebuli programis Taobaze ix.<br />
amave JurnalSi, r. Wanturias statia<br />
_ gv. 4) SearCia 40 sapilote skola.<br />
am skolebSi SearCeven sagnebs<br />
(TiToeuli skola Tavad gadawyvets,<br />
Tu romeli sagnebi airCios),<br />
romlebSic orenovan gakveTilebs<br />
Caatareben.<br />
pedagogTa momzadeba bilingvuri<br />
swavlebis mimarTulebiT<br />
saqarTveloSi ukanasknel xanamde<br />
ar xdeboda. arada, bilingvuri<br />
gakveTilis momzadeba, enobrivi<br />
komponentis sagnobriv SinaarsTan<br />
integrireba da yovelive amis<br />
efeqturi saxiT moswavleebisaTvis<br />
miwodeba sakmaod rTuli problemaa.<br />
pedagogTa gadamzadebis mimarTulebiT,<br />
`samoqalaqo integraciisa da<br />
erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis<br />
centrma~, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis<br />
saministrosTan TanamSromlobiT,<br />
SeimuSava bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis programuli moduli,<br />
romelmac 2009 wels gaiara<br />
akreditacia akreditaciis erovnul<br />
centrSi. am modulis mixedviT,<br />
Sedga satreningo programa da<br />
`evraziis ganviTarebis fondis~<br />
finansuri mxardaWeriT, 2010 wlis<br />
maisis TveSi 4 etapad Catarda<br />
43<br />
sapilote skolebis maswavlebelTa<br />
treningebi daba bakurianSi.<br />
sapilote skolebidan SeirCa<br />
2-2 pedagogi (1 pedagogi –<br />
qarTulis, rogorc meore enis<br />
maswavlebeli; meore – sagnobrivi<br />
specialisti an dawyebiTi safexuris<br />
maswavlebeli); sul treningebi<br />
gaiara 80-ma maswavlebelma.<br />
vfiqrobT, udidesi mniSvneloba<br />
eniWeboda 80 maswavleblisaTvis<br />
treningis Catarebas,<br />
romlebic momavalSi biligvuri<br />
swavlebis informatorebi da<br />
organizatorebi gaxdebian.<br />
jgufebi mizanmimarTulad<br />
dakompleqtda Sereuli SemadgenlobiT,<br />
ramdenadac didi mniSvneloba<br />
eniWeba urTierTswavlebis<br />
formasac. treningi imgvarad<br />
daigegma, rom maswavleblebs SesaZlebloba<br />
miecaT, erTmaneTisaTvis<br />
gaeziarebinaT am sferoSi arsebuli<br />
gamocdileba, daesvaT SekiTxvebi da<br />
Tavad moeZebnaT pasuxebi. es,<br />
bunebrivia, amaRlebs maT<br />
profesionalizms da problemaTa<br />
gadaWris axal xedvasa da axal<br />
SesaZleblobebs uqmnis maswavleblebs,<br />
rac bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli<br />
nawilia.<br />
treningi aseve gulisxmobda<br />
umTavresi informaciis miwodebas
44<br />
rogorc zogadad bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis Sesaxeb msoflioSi, ise<br />
misi konkretuli mxareebisa da<br />
perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi.<br />
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba<br />
eniWeba kontaqtebs maswavlebelTa,<br />
skolaTa da regionTa Soris, rac<br />
treningis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani<br />
mxare iyo. gamocdilebis gaziareba<br />
amJamadac iyo da momavalSic unda<br />
gaxdes metad mniSvnelovani aspeqti<br />
biligvuri ganaTlebis ganviTarebisaTvis<br />
saqarTveloSi. es<br />
kontaqtebi, unda aRiniSnos, rom<br />
Sedga da momavalSic sasurvelia<br />
maTi gaRrmaveba. maswavleblebma<br />
survili gamoTqves, daswrebodnen<br />
da Tavad gaeziarebinaT amgvari<br />
gamocdilebebi.<br />
treningis pirveli dRe<br />
daeTmo maswavlebelTa gacnobasa da<br />
treningis miznebis gamokveTas.<br />
treningis mniSvnelovani mxare iyo<br />
maswavlebelTa garkveva interkulturuli<br />
swavlebis aspeqtebSi.<br />
maT SesaZlebloba miecaT,<br />
gamoeTqvaT sakuTari mosazrebebi am<br />
umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxis irgvliv<br />
da aseve mieRoT Teoriuli codna<br />
da SeeZinaT analizis unari<br />
arsebuli problemebis gadaWrisaTvis.<br />
maT kargad gaaanalizes<br />
sakiTxebi: ra aris saWiro<br />
pirovnebis integrirebisaTvis sazogadoebaSi,<br />
ra aris tolerantoba,<br />
rogor vlindeba igi cxovrebasa da<br />
ganaTlebis sferoSi, rogor unda<br />
gadaiWras situaciuri amocana,<br />
romelsac maT winaSe daayenebs<br />
realoba da ase Semdeg.<br />
treningis procesSi mniSvnelovani<br />
amocana iyo, maswavlebelebi<br />
kargad gascnobodnen saxelmZRvanelos<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
Sesaxeb (`bilingvuri ganaTleba –<br />
samagido wigni maswavleblebisTvis~,<br />
Tbilisi, 2009 _ wigni iTargmna<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
latviuridan). treningis mimdinareobis<br />
ganmavlobaSi maT dawvrilebiT<br />
da kritikulad gaaanalizes yoveli<br />
Tavi am saxelmZRvanelodan da<br />
miusadages igi maT irgvliv<br />
arsebul realobas.<br />
calke sesiebi daeTmo<br />
zogadad bilingvuri ganaTlebis<br />
gaanalizebas, msoflio gamocdilebis<br />
garkvevas da saqarTvelos<br />
specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
realobisadmi misadagebas. aseve<br />
calke sesia mieZRvna bilingvuri<br />
swavlebis gamocdilebis gaanalizebas.<br />
prezentaciam SesaZlebloba<br />
misca maswavleblebs, kargad<br />
daenaxaT swavlebis am formis<br />
upiratesoba eTnikuri skolebisaTvis<br />
da maT mierve wamoWrili<br />
problemebis analizis Sedegad<br />
misuliyvnen saTanado daskvnebamde.<br />
kargad gaacnobieres bilingvuri<br />
ganaTlebis arsebuli modelebi da<br />
gaaanalizes, konkretul situaciaSi<br />
romeli modeli iqneboda maTTvis<br />
misaRebi, ratom da ra niuansobriv<br />
cvlilebebs Seitandnen masSi.<br />
gansakuTrebulad saintereso<br />
aRmoCnda problemaTa gadawyvetis<br />
gzebis Zieba.<br />
treningze kargad gamoikveTa<br />
bilingvali maswavleblis profili.<br />
maswavleblebma gaaanalizes saWiroebebi,<br />
moTxovnebi da movaleobebi.<br />
mniSvnelovani sakiTxi iyo<br />
dawyebiTi klasebis sagnobrivi<br />
standartebis mimarTebis Cveneba<br />
enobrivi kompetenciis ganviTarebis<br />
moTxovnebTan.<br />
maswavleblebma kargad<br />
gaaanalizes is funqciuri frazebi,<br />
romelTa damkvidrebas saswavlo<br />
procesSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba<br />
enobrivi kompetenciis amaRlebisaTvis.<br />
isini gaecvnen am funqciur<br />
frazebs saxelmZRvanelodan da<br />
Tavad Seqmnes didi banki
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
konkretuli situaciebis gaanalizebiT.<br />
treningis metad saintereso<br />
mxared iqca enis gakveTilisa da<br />
bilingvuri gakveTilis SedarebiTi<br />
cxrilis ganxilva. micemulma<br />
masalam kargad miaxvedra isini<br />
bilingvuri ganaTlebis arssa da<br />
mizans.<br />
mniSvnelovani iyo organizebis<br />
formebisa da swavlebis<br />
meTodebis gaanalizeba bilingvur<br />
klasSi. saTiTaod iqna ganxiluli<br />
TiToeuli maTgani. mawavleblebma<br />
Teoriuli codnisa da praqtikuli<br />
analizis Sedegad bevri ram<br />
axleburad gaiazres.<br />
specialuri sesiebi daeTmo<br />
meTodTa analizs unarebis<br />
(mosmenis, laparakis, kiTxvisa da<br />
weris) ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
maswavlebelTaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda Tematuri<br />
dagegmvisa da gakveTilis dagegmvis<br />
cxrilebis gaanalizeba da maTi<br />
praqtikuli mniSvnelobis Cveneba<br />
bilingvur klasSi muSaobis<br />
procesSi.<br />
miRebuli codnisa da<br />
praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis gaTvalis-<br />
45<br />
winebiT, bolo ori sesia daeTmo<br />
gakveTilebis dagegmvasa da maT<br />
prezentacias. unda aRiniSnos, rom<br />
es praqtikuli aspeqti metad<br />
mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda, radgan<br />
TiToeuli jgufis mier<br />
warmodgenilma gakveTilma da misma<br />
SefasebiTma analizma kargad<br />
gamoavlina bilingvuri gakveTilebis<br />
agebis principebi da<br />
maswavleblebi daeuflnen im unar-<br />
Cvevebs, rac sagakveTilo procesSi<br />
gamoadgebaT da razec aris<br />
dafuZnebuli bilingvuri ganaTleba.<br />
yoveldRiurad xdeboda treningis<br />
Sefaseba, survilebisa da<br />
SeniSvnebis analizi.<br />
treningma mniSvnelovani<br />
roli Seasrula bilingvuri<br />
klasebis maswavlebelTa momzadebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. maT gamoTqves didi<br />
survili, momavalSic gagrZeldes am<br />
tipis Sexvedrebi, raTa mieceT<br />
azrTa gacvla-gamocvlisa da<br />
gamocdilebis gaziarebis saSualeba.
46<br />
statiebis warmodgenisa da<br />
gaformebis wesi<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
statiis moculoba ar unda aRematebodes 5000 (xuTi aTas) sityvas;<br />
statias Tan unda axldes e.w. abstraqti, sadac mokled iqneba gadmocemuli<br />
statiis S<strong>inaarsi</strong>. statiis abstraqti ar unda aRematebodes 150 sityvas. statiis<br />
abstraqti warmodgenili unda iyos qarTul da inglisur enebze;<br />
statia unda iyos Sesrulebuli AcadNusx-is 11–iani fontiT 1,5 intervaliT;<br />
avtorma statia unda warmoadginos rogorc nabeWdi, aseve eleqtronuli saxiT,<br />
CD-ze;<br />
eleqtronuli failis saxelwodebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos avtoris gvari da<br />
saxeli;<br />
damatebiTi informacia da miTiTebuli literatura mocemuli unda iyos<br />
frCxilebSi avtorisa da gamocemis welis miTiTebiT;<br />
statiaSi citireba unda Caisvas brWyalebSi da mieTiTos citirebis avtori,<br />
gamocemis weli da citirebis gverdi;<br />
statiaSi Tuki citireba aRemateba 100 sityvas, teqsti calke unda gamoiyos,<br />
Semcirdes fonti da Semcirdes velebi;<br />
statias boloSi unda erTvodes gamoyenebuli literaturis sia (bibliografia),<br />
dalagebuli anbanTrigze;<br />
TiToeuli statia gadaegzavneba or recenzents; recenzireba anonimuria.<br />
Sedegebi ecnobeba avtors da gadaecema recenziebi;<br />
recenziis sami saxea:<br />
(a) dadebiTi recenzia (upirobod daibeWdos);<br />
(b) SeniSvnebi statiaze (daibeWdos SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebis<br />
pirobiT);<br />
(g) uari eTqvas dabeWvdaze.<br />
gamoyenebuli literaturis miTiTebis wesi<br />
teqstSi mieTiTeba avtori da weli da gverdi qarTulad: (abedi, 2004, gv. 32).<br />
damowmebul literaturaSi:<br />
monografiis/wignis miTiTebis wesi:<br />
migueli - MIGUEL., G. S., 2004, Contested Policy: The Rise and Fall of Federal Bilingual Education in the<br />
United States 1960-2001. Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press.<br />
kroufordi - CROWFORD. J., 2004, Educatng English Learners: Language Diversity in the Classroom. Los<br />
Angeles: Bilingual Education Services.<br />
saxelmZRvanelodan aRebuli statiis miTiTebis wesi:<br />
makarti - McCARTY, T.L. & WATAHOMIGIE, L.J., 1999, Indigenous community-based language education<br />
in the USA. In S. MAY (ed.), Indigenous Community-Based Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.<br />
statiis miTiTebis wesi:<br />
abedi - ABEDI, J., 2004, The No Child Left Behind Act and English language learners: Assessment and<br />
accountability issues. Educational Researcher 31 (1), 4-14.<br />
abedi, hobsteteri, lordi - ABEDI, J., HOFSTETTER, C.H & LORD, C., 2004, Assessment<br />
accommodations for English language learners: Implication for policy- based empirical research. Review of<br />
Educational Research 74 (1), 1028.<br />
Jurnal `bilingvuri ganaTlebis~ redkolgia<br />
statiebi mogvawodeT misamarTze: q. Tbilisi, WoveliZis q. # 12,<br />
`samoqalaqo integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centri~.<br />
elfosta: bilingvual-education@cciir.ge
ilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
Shalva Tabatadze<br />
ABSTRACTS<br />
Bilingual Educational Programs in Georgia; What Public Schools Can Choose?<br />
The research findings are mostly positive about the effects of bilingual education on children’s<br />
language awareness and cognitive functioning (Bekerman, 2005). Skugtnabb-Kangas and Garcia<br />
identified several positive effects of bilingual education (1995): (a) competence in at least two<br />
languages; (b) equal opportunity for academic achievement; (c) cross-culturality and positive attitudes<br />
toward self and others. In spite of positive research findings and benefits of bilingual education its still<br />
remains a controversial field in educational policy (Beckerman, 2005). There are several reasons for<br />
this controversy. The effectivness of bilingual education is influenced by the type of the program, as<br />
well as by many other intervening factors.The article analysis bilingual educational programs in<br />
Georgia in the context of ethnic minority education. The first part of the article describes 10 bilingual<br />
education programs proposed by the Skutnab-Kangas. The second part of the article describes the<br />
situation in Georgia in terms of language education and the final chapter analysis the possible effects of<br />
different bilingual educational programs in Georgian reality.<br />
Irina Bagauri<br />
Submersion - ,,Weak'' Program of Bilingual Education<br />
The aim of the article is to introduce to the reader the issue about submersion bilingual education.<br />
Submersion bilingual education represents the ,,weakest’’ form of bilingual education. It concerns<br />
children from language minority home who are taught immediately through the majority language.<br />
There is no special program to help them overcome the language problem. Submersion is aptly<br />
described<br />
as ,,sink or swim'. The minority home language (L1) is not used at all in the classroom. The aim<br />
of submersion is to enable children to be fluence and litarate in the language of majority. In this article<br />
is discussed the main aims and results of a submersion education.<br />
Kakha Gabunia<br />
Specificities of Content and Language Integrated Teaching in Bilingual<br />
Classroom Setting<br />
This article describes content and language integrated learning process. This process needs qualified<br />
teachers with creative skills. Strategic lesson and language planning is important to achieve student’s<br />
high competences in two languages as well as high academic achievements in subject content. Lack of<br />
language competences is the main obstacle in content learning and main reason of academic under<br />
achievement of linguistic minority students. Most of subject teachers have a fear, that concentration on<br />
47
48<br />
language competences in subject teaching would not enable them to achieve academic results in their<br />
subject designed in National Curriculum. The article provides the specific recommendations for subject<br />
teachers how to plan lessons, how to integrate language and content in teaching process, what type of<br />
activities to select in the classroom, what problems they will encounter in teaching process and how to<br />
solve effectively these problems.<br />
Irina Shubitidze<br />
Frequently Asked Questions on Bilingual Education<br />
bilingvuri ganaTleba, #1, 2010<br />
The aim of the article is to be introduced for wide society what is bilingualism and What advantages<br />
have bilingual education. Recent years this theme becomes actual, because in the age of globalization<br />
there is increasing emigrants and immigrants all over the world. This people needs way out for existing<br />
in the foreign society. Bilingualism may be considered one of the outlets. This discussion will be<br />
addresses<br />
under the headings: Who is bilingual? What is bilingualism? Have any advantages or not bilingual<br />
children? What effects has two or more language study on child’s psychics? Bilingualism as a outlet<br />
for minority and immigrants to be realized in majority society but to vindicate their own culture.
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