studentTa savele-geologiuri praqtikis megzuri

studentTa savele-geologiuri praqtikis megzuri studentTa savele-geologiuri praqtikis megzuri

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saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti samTo _ geologiuri fakulteti o. dudauri, n. foforaZe studentTa savele-geologiuri praqtikis megzuri Tbilisi _ saqarTvelos samxedro gza – yazbegis municipaliteti damtkicebulia saxelmZRvanelod stu-is saredaqcio-sagamomcemlo sabWos mier Tbilisi 2012 3

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

samTo _ geologiuri fakulteti

o. dudauri, n. foforaZe

studentTa savele-geologiuri

praqtikis megzuri

Tbilisi _ saqarTvelos samxedro gza –

yazbegis municipaliteti

damtkicebulia saxelmZRvanelod

stu-is saredaqcio-sagamomcemlo

sabWos mier

Tbilisi

2012

naSromSi warmodgenilia studentTa saswavlo savele-geologiuri

praqtikis Casatareblad SerCeuli teritoriebis geologiuri marSrute-

bis aRwera, kerZod mocemulia qanebis liTologiuri Sedgeniloba da ge-

ologiuri struqturebis daxasiaTeba. garkveuli yuradReba aqvs daTmobi-

li aRniSnul teritoriebze arsebul istoriul Zeglebs.

naSromi gankuTvnilia geologiuri specialobis studentebisTvis da

miznad isaxavs savele pirobebSi im codnis gaRrmavebas, romelic studen-

tebs miRebuli aqvT Teoriul kursSi, laboratorul da praqtikul meca-

dineobebze.

redaqtori m. togoniZe

recenzentebi: prof. T. lominaZe

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa

prof. u. zviadaZe

q. gabaraSvili

v. abzianiZe

sarCevi

Sesavali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareoba da mokle

geologiuri narkvevi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

saqarTvelos teritoriis teqtonikuri daraioneba

e. gamyreliZis (2000) mixedviT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

geologiuri Wrili saqarTvelos samxedro gzis gaswvriv. . . . . . 10

Tbilisi – mcxeTa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

mcxeTa – fasanauri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

fasanauri _ stefanwminda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

geologiuri marSrutebi yazbegis raionSi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

daba stefanwminda _ darialis xeoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

daba stefanwminda – Trusos xeoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

daba stefanwminda – Cxeris xeoba.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

daba stefanwminda – sofeli kobi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

daba stefanwminda – sofeli gveleTi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

daba stefanwminda – sofeli juTa _ Wiuxebi. . . . . . . . . . . 48

sasrgeblo wiaRiseuli praqtikis raionis teritoriaze. . . . . . . 51

literatura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

danarTebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

1. terminebis ganmarteba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 56

2. geologiuri drois skala. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 58

8

Sesavali

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis samTo-geologiuri fakultetis

geologiuri specialobis studentebis savele-geologiuri praqtikis-

Tvis SeirCa saqarTvelos samxedro gza da yazbegis raioni. saqarTvelos

samxedro gza Tbilisidan vladikavkazamde (207km) gardigardmo mimarTulebiT

kveTs kavkasionis mTaTa sistemas da gzis gaswvriv geologiuri

Wrilis gacnoba studentebs garkveul warmodgenas Seuqmnis kavkasionis

agebulebis Sesaxeb.

kavkasionis geologiuri agebuleba sainteresoa mkvlevari geologebisTvisac.

amitom iyo, rom saerTaSoriso geologiuri kongresis Semdeg,

romelic 1937 wels moskovSi Catarda, daigegmageologiuri eqskursia saqarTvelos

samxedro gzis gaswvriv.

miuxedavad imisa, rom gzis Crdilo monakveTi ruseTis federaciis

teritoriazea daCvenTvis miuwvdomelia, es marSruti mainc sainteresoa.

samxedro gzaze da yazbegis raionSi mravali mniSvnelovani geologiuri

faqtis naxvis SesaZlebloba arsebobs. kavkasionis geologiur agebuleba-

Si monawileobs danaleqi da magmuri qanebi, romelTa asakobrivi diapazoni

moicavs drois Sualeds paleozouridan meoTxeulis CaTvliT.

Cveni qveynis dedaqalaqis midamoebSi praqtikantebi gaecnobian mesameuli

asakis danaleq da vulkanogenur wyebebs da struqturebs. sof. bodornasTan

naxaven molasur konglomeratebs, romelic kavkasionis qedis

azevebasa da gadarecxvasTan aris dakavSirebuli da romliTac aris dafaruli

muxranis veli. daba Jinvalsa da sof. ananurs Sua daaTvaliereben

zedaeocenur olistostromebs. sof. ananuridan sof. kobamde zedaiurulcarculi

fliSuri naleqebis daRmaval Wrils gaecnobian. ufro CrdiloeTiT

ki, darialis xeobis CaTvliT, qveda- da Suaiurul intensiurad danaoWebul

wyebebSi gaerkvevian da bolos naxaven darialisa da gveleTis

granitoidul masivebs, romlebic kavkasionis kristaluri gulis ukiduresaRmosavlur

gaSiSvlebebs warmoadgens. aranakleb mniSvnelovania meoTxeuli

Camqrali vulkanebis _ myinvarwverisa da qabarjinas gacnoba dama-

Ti lavuri nakadebis naxva. es warmonaqmnebi Seiswavles n. sxirtlaZem

(1958) da b. TuTberiZem (2004).

saqarTvelos samxedro gzaze praqtikantebi daaTvaliereben Zvel

arqiteqturul Zeglebs: sveticxovels, jvris monasters, ananuris arqiteqturul

kompleqss, romelic aragvis erisTavebis rezidencias warmoadgenda.

stefanwmindaSi yofnis dros aucileblad avlen gergeTis samebis

eklesiis sanaxavad, ewvevian cnobili mwerlis aleqsandre yazbegis saxlmuzeums

da daaTvaliereben darialis xeobaSi mSenebare unikalur samonastro

kompleqss.

saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareoba da

mokle geologiuri narkvevi

saqarTvelos teritorias samxreT kavkasiis centraluri da dasavle-

Ti nawili ukavia. CrdiloeTiT kavkasionis qedis gaswvriv saqarTvelo

esazRvreba ruseTis federacias, aRmosavleTiT _ azerbaijans,

samxreTiT_ somxeTs, samxreT-dasavleTiT _ TurqeTs, xolo dasavleTiT

masSavi zRvis akvatoria sazRvravs. amJamad ruseTis mier okupirebulia

teritoriis 20% _ afxazeTi da cxinvalis regioni. saqarTvelos

mosaxleoba 4-4,5 milion kacs Seadgens, magram sazRvargareT intensiuri

migraciis gamo mosaxleobis raodenoba ramdenadme Semcirebulia.

saqarTvelos teritoria mravalferovani reliefiT xasiaTdeba. CrdiloeTiT

mdebareobs kavkasionis qedi maRali mwvervalebiT (uSba_4700m,

TeTnuldi_4851m, Sxara_5068m, myinvarwveri_5033m da sxv.) da Zlier

danawevrebuli reliefiT.kavkasionis samxreTiT mdebareobs mTaTaSueTi,

romelic suramis meridianuli qediT gayofilia kolxeTisa da qarTlis

dablobebad. am dablobebs samxreTiT esazRvreba aWara-TrialeTis qedi,

romelic mcire kavkasionis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis.

saqarTvelos mdinareebi kaspiisa da Savi zRvis auzebs miekuTvneba.

kaspiis zRvaSi Caedineba amierkavkasiis udidesi mdinare mtkvari, romelic

saTaves TurqeTis teritoriaze iRebs. misi Senakadebia liaxvi, qsani,

aragvi, xrami da alazani. kaspiis zRvas uerTdeba agreTve md. Tergi. Savi

zRvis auzs miekuTvneba mdinareebi rioni, enguri, cxeniswyali, kodori

da bzifi.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze yvelaze Zveli qanebi monawileobs kristalurimasivebisagebulebaSi.aseTebia

kavkasionisqediskristaluriguli,romelic kavkasionis centralur,

maqsimalurad azevebul zonaSia gaSiSvlebuli da Sida

masivebi_Zirulis,xramis da loqis.isiniagebulia metamorfuli da magmuri

qanebiT: kristaluri fiqlebiT,amfibolitebiT,gneisebiT da migmatitebiT.

magmuri qanebidan farTod aris gavrcelebuli

kvarcianidioritebidagranitebi.amukanasknelis diferenciaciis produqtebia

aplitebi dapegmatitebi.kalium-argonisizotopurimeTodiT

dadgenilia granitebis Suakarbonuliasaki (320-330 mln.w). kristaluri masivebis

agebulebaSi damorCilebuli raodenobiT monawileobs gabro,

dioritebi da vulkanuri qanebi. Zveli naleqebiT aris agebuli dizisa da

qviSis seriebi kavkasionis samxreT ferdze zemo da qvemo svaneTSi, agre-

Tve filitebis seria Zirulis masivze. dizis seria moicavs asakobriv diapazons

devonuridan triasulis CaTvliT. qviSis wyebis asaki zeda paleozourad,

xolo Zirulis masivis filitebis wyeba kambriulad da qveda

mio-pliocenurad aris miCneuli (nax. 1).

kavkasionis qedis aRmosavleTi nawili qveda da Suaiuruli TixafiqlebiT

aris agebuli, romelic izoklinurad aris danaoWebuli. qveda iu-

ulSi vulkanizmi sustad gamovlinda. Zlier bazaltur vulkanur moqmedebas

adgili hqonda SuaiurulSi, kerZod baiosur saukuneSi, ris Sedegadac

warmoiSva mZlavri porfirituli seria. porfirituli seria farTod

aris gavrcelebuli kavkasionis samxreTi ferdis gagra-javis zonaSi, sadac

vulkanitebis simZlavre 3000m-s aRwevs. porfirituli seriis gamosavali

aris agreTve Zirulisa da loqis kristaluri masivebis mimdebare

teritoriaze. baiosurSi wyalqveSa vulkanuri aqtivoba mimdinareobda dedamiwis

qerqis gaWimvis pirobebSi, romelic baTur saukuneSi orogenul

moZraobasTan dakavSirebiT Seicvala dedamiwis qerqis SekumSvis reJimiT.

am dros Camoyalibda rTuli agebulebis mravalfaziani, hipabisuri intruzivebi.

aseTi intruzivebia: kelasuris, gorabis, bzifis, uSba-eceris,

xevis, Walvanis da sxva. am intruzivebis asaki saSualod 170 mln w-ia (Дудауриидр.,

1999). baTur saukuneSi Camoyalibda tyibulisa da tyvarCelis

qvanaxSiris sabadoebi.

zeda iurulSi warmoiSva normaluri zRviuri naleqebi, kerZod konglomeratebiT,

sxvadasxva Sedgenilobis qviSaqvebiTa da TixebiT agebuli

wyeba, romelic gvxvdeba kavkasionis samxreT ferdze. marCxi zRvis naleqebi

gvxvdeba saqarTvelos beltis Crdilo periferiaze, warmodgenili

rifogenuli kirqvebiTa da lagunur-kontinenturi naleqebiT e.w. feradi

wyebiT, romlis agebulebaSic monawileobs sxvadasxva feris Tixebi, qvi-

Saqvebi da mergelebi. feradi wyeba farTod aris gavrcelebuli dasavleT

saqarTveloSi (okribaSi). wyeba mkvlevarebs kimerijulad miaCniaT.

carculi periodi mniSvnelovani droa geologiuri movlenebis ganviTarebis

TvalsazrisiT. adre carculSi transgresiis Sedegad zRvaSi

ZiriTadad kirqvebi daileqa. kirqvebi umetesad Sreebrivia, magram aris

masiuri kirqvebic (urgonuli faciesi), romelTa asakic hotrivulad aris

miCneuli. kirqvebs qveS udevs konglomeratebi, romelSic granitebis qvargvalebi

da kvarciani qviSaqvebis masala monawileobs.

carculi karbonatuli naleqebi farTod aris gavrcelebuli saqar-

TveloSi, maT Soris saqarTvelos samxedro gzis WrilSi. gviancarculSi

zoganvulkanuriaqtivobadaiwyo.am

droswarmoiSvarTuliagebulebisadatute Sedgenilobis mTavaris wyeba,

romelic farTod aris gavrcelebuli dasavleT saqarTveloSi. es wyeba

qveda turonulad aris daTariRebuli. amave drosquTaisis midamoebSi

Camoyalibda teSenituri (tute gabros) mravalricxovani sxeulebi.

teSenitebis gviancarculi asaki dasabuTda kalium-argonulimeTodiT.

miRebuli iqna mniSvnelobebi 83-95mln. w. (Дудауриидр., 1989).

gviancarculSi mZlavri vulkanuri seria Camoyalibda samxreT-aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi arTvin-bolnisis beltis farglebSi

(bolnisisdadmanisis raionebi). es ariskir-tuterigis

qanebi_liparitebi,albitofirebi,kvarciani albitofirebi dasxv. am

vulkanitebTan arisdakavSirebuli madneulis spilenZ-kolCedanuri da

oqros sabadoebi. am seriis asakobrivi diapazonimoicavs mTel

zedacarculssenomanuridan maastrixtis CaTvliT. zeda carculi

vulkanogenuri seria karbonatuli naleqebiT mTavrdeba kampanurmaastrixtulSi.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze mesameuli vulkanogenuri da

terigenuli naleqebi farTod aris gavrcelebuli. kerZod am asakis

qanebiT agebulia aWara-TrialeTis naoWa zona.am asakis wyebebi aris

arTvin-bolnisis beltze, Tbilisis midamoebSi, kavkasionis samxreT

ferdze da sxvagan.

saqarTvelos samxedro gzaze savele-geologiur praqtikaze mimavali

studentebi sofel bodornasTan naxaven konglomeratebiT agebul vertikalurkedlebs,

romelic duSeTis wyebis saxelwodebiT aris cnobili da

romlisasakisarwmunod meotur-ponturia (zedamioceni-qvedaplioceni).

gvianpliocenSi samxreT saqarTveloSi vulkanur aqtivobas hqonda adgili,

ris Sedegadac warmoiSva mJave da fuZevulkanuri qanebi. maTi asaki 6-

7mln. w. Seadgens. amave dros WiaTuris raionSi warmoiSva perevisas

oliviniani bazaltebi da goraZiris bazalturi vulkanuri konusebi. meo-

Txeuli naleqebi zRviur da mdinareul terasebs agebs. igi warmodgenilia

agreTve aluvioniTa da myinvaruli naleqebiT.

meoTxeulSi sakmaod intensiuri andezituri vulkanuri procesi gamovlinda

yazbegis raionSi da yelis zeganze. Camqralma vulkanebma myinvarwverma,

qabarjinam, sakoxem da saZelem mZlavri vulkanuri nakadebi

warmoSva.

sur. 1. saqarTvelos sqematuri geologiuri ruka (gamyreliZe da sxv. 2009)

1. meoTxeuli; 2. neogenuri; 3. paleogenuri; 4.carculi; 5. iuruli; 6. Sua

paleozour-triasuli; 7. neoproterozour-qveda paleozouri; 8.

neogenur-meoTxeuli subaeruli vulkanitebi; 9. iuruli granitoidebi; 10.

neoproterozouri da paleozouri granitoidebi; 11. rRvevebi; 12.

SariaJebis frontaluri xazebi; 13. saqarTvelos samxedro gza.

saqarTvelos teritoriis teqtonikuri daraioneba

e. gamyreliZis (2000) mixedviT

saqarTvelos teritoriis teqtonikur daraionebas safuZvlad udevs

dedamiwis qerqis dislocirebis xarisxi, rac ganpirobebulia qerqis moqnilobis

xarisxiT, danaleqi safaris simZlavriT da SedgenilobiT.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamoiyofa Semdegi mTavari struqturulmorfologiuri

erTeulebi (sur. 2):

1. kavkasionis naoWa sistema

2. samxreT kavkasiis mTaTaSua are

3. mcire kavkasionis naoWa sistema

I.kavkasionis naoWa sistema: I 1-mTavari qedis zona; I 2-yazbeg-lagodexis

zona; I 3-mestia-TianeTis zona; I 4-CxalTa-lailis zona; I 5-gagra-javis zona;

I 6-novorosiisk-tuafses zona; II. amierkavkasiis mTaTaSua are: II 1-dasavleTi

molasuri daZirvis zona (rionis mTaTaSua rofi); II 2-centraluri azevebis

zona; II 3-aRmosavleTi daZirvis zona (mtkvris mTaTaSua rofi); II 3 1 -qar-

Tlis molasuri qvezona; II 3 2 -gare kaxeTis molasuri qvezona; II3 3 -alaznis

zednadebi molasuri qvezona; III. mcire kavkasionis (antikavkasionis) naoWa

sistema: III 1-aWara-TrialeTis naoWa zona; III 1 1 -guriis qvezona; III1 2 -CrdiloeTi

qvezona; III 1 3 -centraluri (RerZuli) qvezona; III1 4 -samxreTi qvezona;

III 2-arTvin-bolnisis zona (belti); III 2 1 -javaxeTis qvezona; III2 2 -bolnisis

qvezona; III 3-loq-yarabaxis zona; III 3 1 -loqis qvezona; III3 2 -geqtapis qvezona.

saqarTvelos samxedro gza samxreTidan CrdiloeTisken gadakveTs

Semdeg teqtonikur erTeulebs: mcire kavkasionis aWara-TrialeTis naoWa

zonas; samxreT kavkasiis mTaTaSua teritoriis aRmosavleTi daZirvis zonas;

kavkasionis naoWa-SariaJuli sistemis mestia-TianeTis zonas; Semdeg

yazbeg-lagodexis zonas da kavkasionis mTavari qedis aRmosavleTi daZirvis

maraosebr-naoWa qvezonas.

aWara-TrialeTis naoWa zona warmoadgens mcire kavkasionis mkveTrad

gamoyofil struqturul-morfologiur erTeuls da antiklinuri agebuleba

aqvs. igi Caisaxa albur (qveda carcul) saukuneSi iuruliswina kristalur

fundametze. ganviTarda gviancarcul-paleogenur droSi. mis agebulebaSi

monawileobs fuZe Sedgenilobis vulkanogenebi,terigenuli naleqebi,

mcire zomis intruziuli sxeulebi.

samxreT kavkasiis mTaTaSueTis aRmosavleTi daZirvis zona agebulia

oligocen-mio-pliocenuri asakis molasuri naleqebiT, romelic kavkasionisa

da aWara-TrialeTis gadanarecxi masalis konglomeratebs warmoadgens.

mestia-TianeTis naoWa-SariaJuli zona Sedgeba Jinval-gomborisa da

Sovi-fasanauris qvezonebisgan.

Jinval-gomboris qvezona rTuli agebulebiT xasiaTdeba. mis farglebSi

gamoiyofa oTxi SariaJi (zewari), da ganeduri mimarTulebis zedaeocenuri

olistostromebi.

Sovi-fasanauris naoWaqvezona agebulia zedaiuruli da carculi

fliSuri naleqebiT. aq gamoiyofa ori SariaJuli zewari.

Semdeg samxedro gza kveTs yazbeg-lagodexis zonas, romelic agebulia

qveda- da Suaiuruli Tixafiqlebisa da qviSaqvebis wyebebiT, romleb-

Sic ganviTarebulia Zlier SekumSuli izoklinuri naoWebi.

CrdiloeTiT am zonas mosdevs kavkasionis naoWa sistemis aRmosavle-

Ti nawilis maraosebr-naoWa qvezona. igi agebulia qvedaiuruli asakis

Tixafiqlebis wyebebiT da xasiaTdeba izoklinuri danaoWebiT. aqve zedapirze

gamodis gvianpaleozouri granitoidebiT agebuli darialis da

gveleTis masivebi.

geologiuri Wrili saqarTvelossamxedro

gzis gaswvriv

Tbilisi–mcxeTa

saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi Tbilisi da misi Semogareni mdebareobs

aWara-TrialeTis naoWa sistemis aRmosavleT daboloebaze. Tbilisis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT

es sistema iZireba da TandaTan dabldeba.

q. Tbiliss ukavia md. mtkvris farTo xeobis orive ferdi. qalaqis

farglebSi md. mtkvari miedineba CrdiloeTidan samxreTisaken.

qalaqis teritoria da misi Semogareni agebulia paleogenuri danaleqi

da vulkanogenuri qanebiT, romelic zogan ifareba mZlavri meoTxeuli

naleqebiT (sur.3).

qalaqis farglebSi ganviTarebulia ganeduri mimarTulebis farTod

gaSlili naoWebi. samxreTidan CrdiloeTisken md. mtkvris marjvena ferdze

gamoiyofa Semdegi naoWebi (ix.sur.3): TeleTis antiklini(I);krwanisis

sinklini (II);mamadaviTis antiklini(III);saburTalos sinklini(IV);lisis

antiklini(V);diRmis sinklini(VI) damcxeTis antiklini(VII).

am naoWebidan md. mtkvris marcxena ferdze gadadis mxolod TeleTisa

da mcxeTis antiklinuri naoWebi, romelTa Sua mdebareobs xevZmaris

farTo sinklini.

q. Tbilisis teritoriaze yvelaze Zveli naleqebi, romlebic numulitebiT

Suaeocenurad aris daTariRebuli, gaSiSvlebulia md. mtkvris marcxena

kldovan napirze metexisa da orTaWalis xidebis Sua. igive naleqebi

gvxvdeba botanikuri baRis teritoriaze da md. dabaxanis xeobaSi. Suaeocenuri

wyebis maqsimaluri simZlavre 100-120 m udris.

metexis klde Suaeocenuri naleqebis zeda nawiliT aris agebuli. aq

gaSiSvleba warmodgenilia qaosurad ganlagebuli lodebisagan, romelTa

zoma zogjer 50 m aRwevs. lodebi Secementebulia sxvadasxva Sedgenilobis

danaleqi (qviSaqvebi, Tixebi, kirqvebi) da vulkanuri (tufebi, tufogenuri

qviSaqvebi) masaliT (sur.4).

es warmonaqmnebipirveladaRwera g.abixmadamasareulSreebrivi

konglomeratebiuwoda.Semdegimkvlevarebi am warmonaqmnebslodbreqCiebissaxelwodebiTmoixsenieben,

xolo e.gamyreliZem (1984)daf.maisaZem (1999)

maT olistostromebiuwodes.amavtorebisazriTesaristipiuri

gravitaciuliolistostromebi,romelTawarmoSobaukavSirdebakordilierebisferdobze

wyalqveSa Caqcevebs,gamowveulsvulkanuridateqtonikurimiwisZvrebiT.

olistostromebis Semadgeneli olistoliTebi warmodgenilia qveSmdebare

dabaxanis wyebis qviSaqvebiT da carculi asakis danaleqi da vul-

kanogenuri qanebiT. vulkanogenebidan gvxvdeba andezit-dacitebi, andezitebi

da diabaz-porfiritebi.

olistostromebis TiTqmis 40 metris simaRlis kldis Tavze, e.w.

metexis platoze, agebulia gumbaTovani eklesia, romelic me-13 saukunis

sur. 3. Tbilisis midamoebis geologiuri ruka (gamyreliZe da sxv. 2009)

1–meoTxeuli daunawevrebeli aluviuri, deluviuri da proluviuri naleqebi;

2–aRCagil-afSeronuli; 3–meotur-ponturi; 4–zedasarmatuli; 5 –

Suasarmatuli; 6 – qvedasarmatuli; 7 – Suamiocenuri (daunawevrebeli);

8_Cokrakuli; 9–konkur-karaganuli; 10–kowaxuri; 11–sayaraulo; 12–

oligocen-qveda miocenuri (maikopis seria); 13–zedaeocenuri (Tbilisis

numulitebiani wyeba); 14–zedaeocenuri (navTluRis wyeba); 15 – Sua

eocenuri (aWara-TrialeTis faciesi); 16 – Suaeocenuri (Tbilisis olis-

tostromebi); 17 – Sua eocenuri (dabaxanis wyeba); 18 – Suaeocenuri (gamkveTi

sxeulebi); 19 – qveda eocenuri; 20 – paleocenuri; 21 – paleocenuri

(daniuri); 22 – WaburRili; 23 – antiklini; 24_ sinklini; 25 – SariaJis da

Secocebis fuZe; 26 – siRrmuli rRveva; 27 – Sesxletva-Secoceba;

sur. 4. Tbilisis olistostromebis gaSiSvleba

bolos (1278-1289 ww) Zveli eklesiis adgilze auSenebia demetre II Tavdadebuls

(sur. 5). kldis qimze 1967 wels aRimarTa Tbilisis damaarseblis

vaxtang gorgasalis monumenturi Zegli (moqandake elguja amaSukeli).

sur. 5. metexis eklesia da vaxtang gorgasalis Zegli

md. mtkvris marjvena napirze mdebareobs gogirdiani bunebrivi cxeli

wylis (temperatura 40-47 0 farglebSi meryeobs)cnobili abanoebi (sur.

6). am wyaroebTan aris dakavSirebuli legenda Tbilisis daarsebis

Sesaxeb.

sur. 6. Tbilisis Termuli gogirdiani abanoebi

gogirdis abanoebis midamoebidan qalaqis centris gavliT praqtikant-studentebis

jgufi gaemgzavreba vake-saburTalos saavtomobilo

gzis gaswvriv Wrilis sanaxavad.

magistralis orive ferdze gaSiSvlebulia zedaeocenuri naleqebi

warmodgenili qviSaqvebis, Tixafiqlebisa da mergelebis morigeobiT.

es qanebi agebs mamadaviTis antiklinis Crdilo frTas, romelsac moyveba

saburTalos sinklini da Semdeg lisis antiklini.

aqedan eqskursia saqarTvelos samxedro gziT miemgzavreba daba stefanwmindisken.

gzis gaswvriv mcxeTamde gaSiSvlebebi ar aris. md. mtkvris marjvena

ferdze da mdinaris kalapotis marcxena napirze, zahesis zeviT, kargad

Cans sqelSreebrivi qviSaqvebis gaSiSvleba, romelTa qvedamiocenuri asaki

dadgenilia mikrofauniT.

CrdiloeTiT, karsanis xevis mtkvarTan SesarTavTan, SiSvldeba zedaeocenuri

foraminiferebianimergelebisa da qviSaqvebis morigeoba, romelzec

agebulia zahesis kaSxali. amave qanebze maRal kldovan mTaze aRmarTulia

Zveli arqiteqturuli Zegli – jvris monasteri (sur.7), romelic

aSenda me-6 da me-7 saukuneebis mijnaze (586-605 w.w.).

gzidan da gansakuTrebiT jvris monastridan kargad Cans mdinareebis

mtkvrisa da aragvis SesarTavTan gaSenebuli q. mcxeTa – saqarTvelos

Zveli dedaqalaqi Cv.w. V saukunemde.

mcxeTis centrSi aRmarTulia XI saukunis SesaniSnavi arqiteqturuli

Zegli – sveticxoveli, romelic aaSena xuroTmoZRvarma arsakiZem

1010-1029 wlebSi (sur. 8).

sur. 7. jvris monasteri

sur. 8. sveticxoveli

mcxeTaSi, md. md. mtkvrisa da aragvis SerTvis adgilidan (sur.9) dasavleTiT,

md. mtkvris xeobaSi, gadis siRrmuli rRveva ori didi geoteqtonikuri

erTeulis – aWara-TrialeTis zonisa da saqarTvelos beltis

Sua.

sur.9. mtkvrisa da aragvis SesarTavi

mcxeTa – fasanauri

md. aragvze gadebuli xidis Semdeg saqarTvelos samxedro gza gadis

muxranis velze, sadac saqarTvelos belti (kristaluri substrati)

Rrmad aris daZiruli da dafaruli zedaeocenur_qvedamio-pliocenuri

(meotur-ponturi) molasuri naleqebiT. es naleqebi, romlebic duSeTis

wyebis saxeliT aris cnobili, kargad aris gaSiSvlebuli sof. bodornasTan

(sur.10). aq vertikaluri kedlebi agebulia dauxarisxebeli konglomeratebiT,

romelSic Tixis linzebi gamoereva. molasuri naleqebi

mTavrdeba sof. JinvalTan, sadac konglomeratebi sarmatul qviSaqvebs

adevs Tavze. samxedro gzis gaswvriv molasuri naleqebis gavrceleba 20

km aRwevs. misi maqsimaluri simZlavre 2 km-dea.

sur.10. duSeTis wyebis gaSiSvleba sof. bodornasTan

am naleqebzea ganlagebuli bazaleTis tba (sur. 11, 12), romelTanac

samxedro gzidan midis 8 km sigrZis moasfaltebuli saavtomobilo gza.

tbis zedapiri zRvis donidan 875 m-ze mdebareobs. tbis maqsimaluri siRrme

7 m-ia. tbis zedapiris farTobi 1,22 km 2 udris, xolo tbaSi arsebuli

wylis moculoba 5,5 mln. km 3 Seadgens. bazaleTis tba md. aragvis Walidan

250 m-iT maRla mdebareobs. igi daxurul auzs warmoadgens. mas mdinare

ar erTvis, ris gamoc mxolod atmosferuli naleqebiT da miwisqveSa

wylebiT ikvebeba.

bazaleTis tbis samxreTiT mdebare misaqcielis qedis Crdilo kal-

Tebidan ramdenime mcire nakaduli moedineba, romlebic tbis napiramde

ver aRwevs. uxvi atmosferuli naleqebis dros es nakadebi niaRvrebad iqceva

da myar masalasTan erTad tbaSi Caaqvs is sayofacxovrebo narCenebi,

romelsac mSrali amindis dros maT kalapotSi mosaxleoba yris.

sur. 11. bazaleTis tbis aerofotosuraTi

unda aRiniSnos, rom mTeli rigi Taviseburebis gamo, bazaleTis tba

da misi Semogareni garemo pirobebis yovelgvari cvalebadobis mimarT

uaRresad mgZnobiare sistemas warmoadgens, amitom aq adamianis sameurneo

saqmianoba da miTumetes uSualod tbis piras dasaxleba yovlad dauSvebelia.

biologebis daskvniTtba kvdomis procesSia.wyalmcenareebis farTo

gavrcelebis gamo tbis wyals mwvane feri aqvs.

sur.12. bazaleTis tba

ddaba

Jinvaalidan

zzeviT

gziis

marjvna

mxaress

agebullia

miwayrili

ka-

Sxalii,

romelmmac

daaguba

md. aaragvi

da

Seqmna Jinvaliss

wyalsacavi.

igii

520 million

kubbur

metr wyals iitevs.

wyyalsacavvi

Rrmad aris SeWWrili

mT TiuleTissa

da fSav-xevsur

reTis ar-

agvis xeobebSii

(sur.13). Jinvaliis

wyalsa acavidan sasmeli wyali miewodeba m a

q. Tbiliss,

nawwili

ki Tbilisiss

zRvaSi i Caedinebba.

md. arragvis

wyalze

mu-

Saobs agreTve Jinvaliss

hidroeleqtros

sadguri.

sur.13.Jiinvalis

wyalsaca w vi

Jiinvalis

wyalsacaavTan,gzi

tad aaris

gaSiSvlebulli

olis

agebullia

mezoozouri

vvulkanog

daiuruli

kirqvebis,

carculi

iosurri

porfiritebis

masaliT

mebiT (ramdeniime

aseulli

m

galiTTad,

alevvis

klde

e. gamyrelliZisa

da

gebaSiia

zedaeoocenur

n

ramdennime

kiloometrze

loeTiiT

mdebarre

kordi

romellmac

maqssimums

mia

Tan dakavSirebbuli

wya

strommebSi

iSviiaTad

gvx

oolistoliTebi

ga

naleqeebSi,

rommlebic

n

3 is marcxena

mxares,sakmao

manZilz zeuwyve- stostromebi(sur.

14), romllebic

Zi iriTadadd

genuri da a danaleeqiqanebiTT,

maT So oris ze-

karbonat tul-teriigenuli

naleqebis sa da ba-

(olistoliTebi).mmaTgan

yvvelaze

didi d zo-

) xassiaTdeba

zedaiurruli

riffuli

kirqvebi.ma-

da sof. aranisis s kirqvis kldeebii.

a sxv.(20099)

mixedv viT es gaamosavlebbi

meorad dganla- naleqebSii.

amave avtorebi a s azriT kirqvis lodebii

gadaadgiilda

wya alqveSa mmewyris

ssaSualebiT

Crdi-

ilieridaan.

axalm ma pirineuulma

teqqtonikurma

fazam, ,

aRwia gviianeocenu

urSi, gamooiwvia

miiwisZvrebi

da mas-

alqveSa mmewyruli

movleneebis

ganviiTareba.

olisto--

xvdeba paaleozour

ri granittebis

massalac.

anlagebulia

zed daeocenurr

alevrolitur-

-peliturr

numuliteebis

faun niT aris daTariRRebuli.

olisto--

200

strommebi

ganllagebulia

mestia--TianeTis

s fliSurri

zonis Jinval-g gomboriss

qvezonnaSi

(ГамккрелидзеП.,

ГамкрелиидзеИ.,

197 77; e. gamyyreliZe

dda

sxv., 2009). 2

sur.14.

ollistostrromebi

Ji invalis wwyalsacavvTan

annanuriskeen

mimavall

gzis ppiras

SiS Svldeba jer palleogenuri

i, Semdegg

zedaccarculi

wvrilmarrcvlovani

qviSaq qvebi da TTxelSreebrivi

me ergelebi. .

ananurris

arqitteqturulli

komplleqsis

pi irdapir saavtomoobilogzi

is marcx-

ena mxares

gaSiSvlebullia

Sreeebrivi,

da anaoWebulli,

magraam

zogan teqtoni-

kurad aSlilli

ukuuRmarTis

wyeba,r romlis asaki qvedasen nomanuriaa

(sur.155).mas

zevviT

moyveeba

kaJianni

naleqe ebi, romelsac

gamoyofen

ananuriss

wyebiss

saxelwoodebiT

(zzedasenomanur-qve

edaturonnuli).

sur.15.

ukuRmarrTis

wyeb ba sof. ananurTann

211

XVI-XVII saukuneebis ananuris cixesimagre agebulia qvedasenomanur

kaJian qanebze (ukuRmarTis wyeba). ananuris arqiteqturul ansamblSi Tavmoyrilia

saero, samxedro da sakulto nagebobebi. ansamblis umTavresi

nagebobaa didi gumbaTiani taZari, romelic 1689 wels aragvis erisTavis

brZanebiT augiaT (sur. 16).

aq, md. aragvis marjvena Senakadis md. aryalas (veZaTxevis) xeobaSi,

gadis sazRvari saqarTvelos beltsa da kavkasionis samxreTi ferdis naoWa

sistemas Soris. aqedan CrdiloeTiT, samxedro gzis gaswvriv carculi

kirqvebis, qviSaqvebis da mergelebis anu fliSuri naleqebis daRmavali

Wrilia.

sur.16. ananuris arqiteqturuli kompleqsi

daba fasanaurTan Savi aragvi erTvis TeTr aragvs.Savi aragvi saTaves

iRebs Wiuxis vulkanuri masividan da CdiloeTidan samxreTisken miedineba

gudamayris xeobaSi. es xeoba agebulia iuruli asakis Savi feris

TixafiqlebiT, romlebic zogan teqtonikurad aSlilia da intensiur gadarecxvas

ganicdis. swored fiqlebis masala aZlevs Sav aragvs damaxasiaTebel

fers.

TeTri aragvi saTaves iRebs yelis zeganze arsebuli vulkanuri centris

– didinefiskalos aRmosavleT ferdobidan da miedineba meoTxeul

vulkanogenur da zedaiurul-carcul Ria feris naleqebSi. amitom TeTri

aragvi wyaldidobis drosac ki mxolod imRvreva da fers mkveTrad ar

icvlis.

TeTri da Savi aragvis ferebis kontrasti kargad Cans maTi SeerTebis

adgilas (sur.17).

daba fasanaurTan, TeTri da Savi aragvis SesarTavTan, gzis marcxena

mxares, naleqebi warmodgenilia qvedacarculi (hotrivul-baremuli) asakis

nacrisferi sakmaod sqelSreebrivi (60 sm-de) qviSaqvebis, argilitebis,

zoliani qviSaqvebis da zoliani masiuri argilitebis morigeobiT. es naleqebi

agebs fasanauris antiklinis samxreT frTas (e. gamyreliZe da

sxv., 2009).

sur.17. TeTri da Savi aragvis SesarTavi

daba fasanauri mdebareobs zRvis donidan 1060 metrze. igi warmoadgens

mTiuleTis centrs. es eTnografiuli provincia mTlianad ikavebs

TeTri aragvis xeobas. fasanauri SedarebiT axalgazrda dasaxlebaa. igi

gaCnda XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, rogorc samxedro gzis erT-erTi

punqti da gzis gadasaxadis akrefis adgili.

fasanauri _ stefanwminda

daba fasanauridan sof. mleTamde gzis gaswvriv ZiriTadi qanebis ga-

SiSvleba warmodgenilia zedaiurul-carculi fliSuri naleqebiT.

sof. qveSeTidan md. aragvis marcxena ferdze Cans mleTa-gudauris

lavuri nakadis daboloeba. lavuri nakadi iwyeba vulkan sakoxedan da

grZeldeba TiTqmis 12 km-ze. misi sigane 2-3,5 km farglebSia. nakadi moedineba

TeTri aragvis Zvel xeobaSi. ganlagebulia aluviur naleqebze. nakadis

Ziri kargad Cans md. aragvis kalapotidan 50-60 m zeviT. sof. araxveTis

pirdapir patara RarSi kargad Cans lavebis qveS Tixebis gamowva da

gawiTleba(sur.18). lavuri nakadi agebulia andezit-bazaltebiTa da

andezitebiT.

soof.

mleTTasTan

gzza

gadaddis

md. TeTri

araagvis

marrcxena

napirze.

aqq

gaSiSvvlebuliaa

qvedacaarculi

( (valanJin nuri) Savii

feris bbitumiani

i Tixafi-

qlebi mergelebisa

daa

karbonnatuli

qviSaqvebi

q is SuaSrreebiT.

zeviT z ess

wyeba TandaTannobiT

gaddadis

muuqnacrisf

fer fiqllebriv

mergelebsa

a da kir--

qvebSii.

es wyebaa

struqtturulad

qveSeTis s antiklinis

Crdilo

frT Tas warm-

oadgens.

zeviTT

jvris ggadasasvllelisken

n gza Zlier

dakllaknilia

damle- Ta-guddauris

llavur

nakkadze

gaddis.

sur.18. mmleTa-guddauris

llavuri

na akadis gaanlageba

aluvionze

mlleTis

xiididan

1, 5 kilomeetris

ze eviT, gziss

marjveena

mxares s SiSvl-

deba mleTa-guudauris

andezit- bazaltu uri Sedgenilobiss

lavuri i nakadi, ,

romellsac

svetturi

gannwevreba

aqvs(sur. .19). sveteebi

eqvswwaxnagiani

ia da ve-

rtikallurad

aris

ganllagebulii.

svetebis

diametri

erTi metris fargleb f -

Sia. aqqve

erT uubanze

Caans

filaqnisebri

ganwevreeba.

andezzit-bazal

ltebina- crisfferi,

Savii,

iSviaTaad

mowiTTalo

fer ris masiuur,

zogjjer

forian

qanebss

warmoadgens.

am

qanebis asaki 1855-200

aTas s wels SSeadgens.

soof.

gudauris

samxreTiT

ggzis

marj jvena mxaares

gaSeenebulia

zamTriss

sporttul-gamajjansaRebeeli

kompleqsi

sa aTxilamuuro

trassebiTa

da

sabagi-

ro gzzebiT.

soof.

gudaauris

addgilas

dasaxleb d a gaCndaa

XIX s-i is 60-iann

wlebSSi.

soof.

gudaauridan

zeviT piirvel

gvirabSi

SSesasvlellamde,

md d. TeTrii

aragviis

xeobiss

marjvenna

mxares kargad Cans C yeliis

vulkanuri

zeg gani, rom-

elzecc

cnobillia

20-mdee

Camqralli

vulkan ni, romellTa

Soriis

mkveTr rad gamo--

iyofa didi nefiskalos

konusii,

agebul li biotittiani

daccitebiT

(sur. 20). .

yelis zegnis vvulkanurri

konuseebi

agebul lia andeezitebiT

da dacit tebiT.

244

sur.19. sveturi ganwevreba mleTa-gudauris lavur nakadSi

jvris uReltexilamde, gzis marcxena mxares, aris gadasaxedi moedani,

romelic aragvis xeobasa da yelis zegans gadahyurebs. md. aragvis xeobaSi

moCans qvedacarculi (valanJinuri) asakis, Ria nacrisferi da nacrisferi

kirqvebisa da mergelebis morigeobisgan Semdgari Sreebrivi dasta,

romelsac Tavze adevs meoTxeuli asakis lavebi.

sur. 20. Camqrali vulkani – didi nefiskalo

moednidan kargad Cans md. TeTri aragvis saTave da yelis vulkanuri

zegnis aRmosavleTi nawili, romlis ferdobzec sami vulkanuri nakadi

SeimCneva. maTi saerTo simZlavre 350-400 m iqneba. SedgenilobiT es nakadebi

andezituri, andezit-dacituri da dacituria. axasiaTebT sveturi ganwevreba.

jvris uReltexili, romelic kavkasionis mTavar qedze mdebareobs,

warmoadgens farTo unagiras. igi arismd. md aragvisa da Tergis

auzebiswyalgamyofi.orive mdinare kaspiis zRvaSi Caedineba. jvris

gadasasvlelze aRmarTulia sveti, romelzec aRniSnulia uReltexilis

simaRle zRvis donidan_ 2395 metria (sur. 21).

sur. 21. sveti jvris uReltexilze

jvris gadasasvlelidan gza CrdiloeTisken md. bidaras xeobas miuyveba.

md. bidara saTaveSi vakeze miedineba da kargad gamoxatul meandrebs

qmnis. xeobis Sua nawilSi mis marcxena ferdze mraval adgilas mineraluri

wyali gamodis. es aris rkinian-karbonatuli wylebi, romlebidanac

ferdobebze ileqeba travertinebi.md. bidaras marcxena ferdze, sakmaod

maRla, mineraluri wyaroebis gamosavlebia, romlebic qmnis saavtomobilo

gzamde Camomaval travertinebis sakmaod farTo Sleifs(sur.22).

wyaroebi dakavSirebulia yazbeg-cxinvalis rRvevis zonasTan (e. gamyreliZe

da sxv., 2009). garda amisa xeobaSiaris lavis fragmentebi, romelic

jvris uReltexilis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT kavkasionis mTavar wyalgamyof

qedze mdebare vulkan saZeledan unda iyos amofrqveuli.

travertinebis gamosavlidan saavtomobilo gza eSveba sof. kobisken.

sof. kobidan daba yazbegamde moasfaltebuli gza midis. md. Tergis

marjvena mxares, sof. meore kobis gverdiT, andezituri lavebiT agebuli

vertikaluri kedelia aRmarTuli, romelic Camqrali vulkan qabarjinas

lavur nakads warmoadgens. kedelze kargad Cans sveturi ganwevreba. svetebi

sxvadasxva mxares aris daqanebuli.

sur. 22. travertinebi md. bidaras xeobaSi

CrdiloeTiT, gzis marjvena mxares, gamoCndeba vulkan qabarjinas

Zlier danawevrebuli konusi. kidev ufro CrdiloeTiT, sof. vardisubnis

ukan, qedis ferdobze Cans laxarebis eroziuli mowmeebi svetebisa da

gamoqvabulebebis saxiT.

sof. sionis eklesiis qveS, gzis marjvena mxares, gaSiSvlebulia Suaiuruli

(baiosur-baTuri) muqi nacrisferi argilitebisa da momwvano-nacrisferi

wvril- da saSualomarcvlovani qviSaqvebis morigeoba.aqedan

gzis gaswvriv sof. arSis bolos, sof. snosken gadasaxvevTan 150 m-ze,

gaSiSvlebulia aalenuri asakis muqi nacrisferi argilitebis, wvril- da

saSualomarcvlovani qviSaqvebis morigeoba,xolo md. TergTan md. snoswylis

SesarTavTan gaSiSvlebulia qvedaiuruli (toarsuli) qviSaqvebi

da argilitebi (giorgobiani, zaqaraia, 2009).

aq SevwyvetT saqarTvelos samxedro gzis gaswvriv Wrilis ganxilvas

da yazbegis raionis teritoriaze calkeuli geologiuri marSrutebis

aRweraze gadavalT.

geologiuri marSrutebi yazbegis raionSi

daba stefanwmindis bunebriv RirSesaniSnaobas warmoadgensmwvervali

myinvarwveri (yazbegi). mwvervali medidurad gadmohyurebs daba stefanwmindasa

da sof. gergeTs. bunebis es ganumeorebeli suraTi mnaxvelze

waruSlel STabeWdilebas tovebs (sur. 23).

sur.23. Camqrali vulkani myinvarwveri (yazbegi)

myinvarwveri Camqral vulkans warmoadgens. igi moqmedebda daaxloebiT

200 aTasi wlis winaT. am dros reliefi ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo da

misgan amofrqveuli lava nakadebis saxiT daeSva yvela mimarTulebiT ferdobebze

da mdinareTa xeobebSi. aseTi nakadebia: gveleTis, cdos, Cxeris,

arSis, mnas da suatisis.

myinvarwveris garda am raionSi mZlavr vulkanur centrebs warmoadgens

qabarjina da sakoxe.garda amisa moqmedebda gverdiTi parazituli

vulkanebic: tyarSeTi, Sevardeni, kiCutwveri da sxva (sur. 24).

lavebi ZiriTadad andezituri Sedgenilobisaa, iSviaTad _ andezitbazalturi

da dacituri.

qvemoT moyvanilia yazbegis raionis teritoriaze Casatarebeli geologiuri

marSrutebis aRwera, romelsac Tan axlavs marSrutis teritoriis

topografiuli ruka da Sesabamisi aerofoto.

surr.

24. yazbbegisvullkanurira

aionisgeoologiurii

ruka

(ZoweeniZeda

sx xv., 1985)

1_myinvvarebi;

22_aluviurri

naleqqebi;

3_ho oloceni, , andezittebi

da andezit-

dacittebi;

4_gvian

pleeistoceni,

andez zitebi; 5__gvian

pleistoc

ceni_zedaa

nawili,

andezzitebi

da

andeziit-dacitebi;

6_gvvian

pleeistoceni

i_ qvedaa

nawili,

andeziitebi,

anddezit-daccitebi

da d daciteebi;

7_Suaa

pleist toceni, a) )

andeziitebi,

anndezit-ddacitebi

da dac citebi; bb)

andezzituri,

andezit--

dacitturi

daa

dacituri

pirroklasto

oliTebi; ; g) llaxarebi;

8_adree

pleistoceni,

andeziteebi;

9_zeedaiurul

l-qvedacaarculi

karbonat tuli na-

leqebii;

10_baTTuri

nalleqebi;

11_zedaaal

lenuri naleqebi; ;12_qvedaa aalenurii

naleqeebi;

13_ttoarsulli

naleqqebi;

14_ _plinsbaxxuri

nalleqebi

(yazbegiss

wyeba); ; 15_Tanamedrove

naleqebii:

a) kol luviuri; b) glaccialuri;

16 _ a) )

vulkaanuri

cenntrebi;

b) ) eqstruzziuli

sx xeulebi; 17 _ kaldera.

299

daba stefanwminda_darialis xeoba

marSruti iwyeba darialis xeobidan anu CrdiloeTidan samxreTisken.

am xeobaSi gaSiSvlebulia ori magmuri sxeuli, romelic agebulia paleozouri

granitoidebiT (sur.25). es aris darialisa da gveleTis kristaluri

masivebi. wolis formebiT masivebi subganeduri mimarTulebiT wagrZelebul

teqtonikur blokebs warmoadgens, romelic mimarTebis gaswvriv

isoleba. es masivebi kavkasionis kristaluri gulis ukiduresi aRmosavleTi

gamosavalia.

sur. 25. darialis xeoba

darialis da gveleTis kristaluri masivebis da serTod darialis

xeobis agebulebis Seswavla daiwyo me-19 saukunis bolos transkavkasiuri

rkinigzis mSeneblobis daproeqtebasTan dakavSirebiT da mogvianebiT

gagrZelda mravali mkvlevaris mier. darialis masivis urTierTobis Sesaxeb

kistinkis wyebasTan d.beliankini(1914), v.rengarteni(1932) da d.andreevi(1945)

aRniSnavdnen wyebis transgresiul ganlagebas granitoidebze.

mogvianebiT kistinkis wyebis ZirSi gravelitebisa da kvarcis konglomeratebis

arseboba daadastures d. Sengeliam (1965), g. CixraZem (1975),i. yifianma

(1984).T. giorgobianis (2000) azriT darialisa da gveleTis masivebi

warmoadgens fesvebidan mowyvetil protruziul sxeulebs. ufro adre es

azri gamoTqvesd. beliankinma (1944)da d. andreevma (1945),aseTive daskvnamde

mividnen e. gamyreliZe da d. Sengelia (2005).

daba stefanwminda_ darialis xeobis marSrutis teritoriis

topografiuli ruka da aerofoto

darialis masivs ukavia xeobis Crdilo nawili. igi md. Tergis xeobis

gaswvriv 4,2 km-ze grZeldeba. misi farTobi daaxloebiT 23 km 2 Seadgens,

masivis 1/3-ze meti saqarTvelo-ruseTis sazRvris neitralur zonaSia

da amJamad dakvirvebisaTvis miuwvdomelia. gveleTis masivi darialis masivis

samxreTiT mdebareobs. misi farTobi 7 km 2 -ia, masivebs Sua manZili

TiTqmis 1400 m-ia. am SualedSi gamodis Savi feris fiqlebis, qviSaqvebisa

da kvarcitebis wyeba, romelic kistingis wyebis saxelwodebiT aris gamoyofili

da romlis asakic mkvlevarebis mier qveda liasurad (sinemurulad)

aris miCneuli.

darialis masivis Crdilo kontaqti liasur TixafiqlebTan (kistinkis

wyeba) teqtonikuria, Sexebis sibrtye vertikalurad aris daqanebuli,

mimarTeba ganeduri(sur. 26). kontaqtSi Tixafiqlebi gamkvrivebuli, xolo

granitebi kataklazirebulia.

sur. 26. darialis masivis Crdilo kontaqti kistinkis wyebasTan

darialis masivis Crdilo nawili agebulia Ria nacrisferi SedarebiT

saRi biotitiani granitebiT da dioritebiT, romelTanac sivrcobrivad

da geneturad muskovitiani aliaskitebi da pegmatitebi aris dakavSirebuli.

pegmatitebis muskoviti daTariRebul iqna kalium-argonis meTodiT.

miRebuli mniSvneloba 321 mln.weli gvianpaleozour (Suakarbonul)

asakze miuTiTebs, xolo kidev ori mniSvneloba 296 mln. weli_ SedarebiT

Semcirebulia da karbonisa da permis sazRvars Seesabameba. WeSmarit

asakad migvaCnia Suakarbonuli, radgan amave asakis aris Zirulisa da

loqis masivebis muskovitiani pegmatitebi (Дудауриидр. 2000).

mdinare kistinkas (xdes) marjvena ferdze gzis piras biotitiani granodioritebia

gaSiSvlebuli, masSi SeimCneva plagioklazis TeTri feris

porfirisebri gamonayofebi. qanebs sustad gamoxatuli gneisebrioba axasiaTebs.

plagioklazi oligoklazis rigisaa da xSirad metia mikroklinze.

aris mikroklinis Warbi Semcvelobis qanebi _ granitebi da umikroklino

qanebi_kvarciani dioritebi. qanebis yvela es saxesxvaoba Tanda-

TanobiT gadadis erTmaneTSi. porfirisebri granitoidebi vrceldeba md.

Tergisa da md. devdorakis SesarTavis qveviT. darialis masivis samxreTi

nawili agebuliagranitoiduli Sedgenilobis gneisebiT.

gneisebSi mineralebis Semcvelobis mixedviT gamoiyofa biotit-plagioklaziani

da biotit-plagioklaz-mikrokliniani saxesxvaobebi. d. Sengelia

(1965) aRniSnavs agreTve gneisebis turmalinian saxesxvaobas.

md. kistinkis xeobis marcxena ferdze aigo darialis mTavarangelozTa

miqaelis da gabrielis da wminda giorgis saxelobis samonastro kompleqsSi

Semavali SesaniSnavi gumbaTiani taZari, mopirkeTebuli vulkan

xorisaris mowiTalo lavis masaliT (sur. 27). samonastro kompleqsis

mSenebloba jer damTavrebuli ar aris.

sur. 27. taZari darialis xeobaSi

darialis masivis samxreTi kontaqti kistinkis wyebasTan gzis piras

ar Cans. gaSiSvlebaSi sakmao xarvezis Semdeg gzis marjvena mxareskistinkis

wyebis qanebisnayaria. masivebs Sua kistinkis wyebis simZlavre 500m

iqneba.

samxreTiT kistinkis wyebas moyveba zoliani qanebi, romelic vertikalurad

aris daqanebuli, mimarTeba ganeduria. masSi kargad Cans Ria da

muqi feris zolebis morigeoba (sur. 28). Ria feris zolebi plagioklazian

porfirits warmoadgens, masSi plagioklazis fenokristalebis reliqtebia

SemorCenili. Savi feris zolebi xSirad amfiboliT aris warmodgenili.

makroskopuli niSnebiTa da SedgenilobiT igi ar SeiZleba kistinkis

wyebas ekuTvnodes.zoliani qanebi da kistinkis wyeba teqtonikur SexebaSi

unda iyos erTmaneTTan. zoliani qanebis urTierToba gveleTis masivTan

sabolood garkveuli ar aris. mosalodnelia, rom masivi kveTdes

zolian qanebs. zoliani qanebissimZlavre 200m-s Seadgens. es qanebigzispiras

ar Cans. wyebis gacnoba SeiZleba odnav zeviT ferdobze asvliT(Dudauri

at all., 2010).

sur. 28. zoliani qanebi

gveleTis xidis qveviT gzispiras gveleTis masivis gaSiSvlebaiwyeba.masivi

agebulia porfirisebri granitebiT, romelic zogjer biotitis

qerclebis orientirebuli ganlagebis gamo sustad gamoxatul gneisebriobas

iZens. makroskopulad porfirisebri granitoidebi nacrisferi da

Ria nacrisferia. am fonze mkveTrad gamoiyofa plagioklazis an mikroklinis

TeTri feris didi kristalebi, romelTa zoma zogjer 3 sm aRwevs.

ZiriTadi masa Sedgeba plagioklazis kristalebis, biotitis qerclebis,

mikroklinisa da kvarcisagan. mineralebis raodenobis mkveTri cvalebadobis

gamo gveleTis masivis qanebSi gamoiyofa kvarciani dioritebi, granodioritebi,

plagiogranitebi da tipiuri granitebi. es qanebi TandaTanobiT

gadadis erTmaneTSi.

gveleTis xididan 50 m zeviT, mdinaris piras, gveleTis masivis maRali

kedlidan Camoyrilia granitoidebis didi lodebi. es lodebi Seicavs

fuZe qanis sxvadasxva zomis qsenoliTebs. aqedan zeviT mdinaris dinebis

sawinaaRmdegod 60-70 m-ze gveleTis granitoidebs sferuli ganwevreba

aqvs, rac mJave qanebSi iSviaTia (sur. 29).

sur. 29.sferuli ganwevreba gveleTis masivis granitoidebSi

gveleTis masivis samxreTi kontaqti kistinkis wyebasTan gadis mdinaris

Walidan 50-60 m-iT zeviT patara unagiraze.

darialisa da gveleTis masivebi gakveTilia diabazebis da diabaz-porfiritebis

daikebiT (sur.30), romelTa mimarTeba ZiriTadad Crdilo _

Crdilo-dasavluria, daqaneba _ vertikaluri, daqanebis kuTxe iSviaTad

50 0 -de Camodis.daikebis simZlavre 0,3-0,5-dan 10-15 m-de meryeobs da iSviaTad

metic aris. diabazuri qanebi sakmaod Secvlilia. piroqseni xSiradCanacvlebulia

Cveulebrivi rqatyuariT, uralitiTantremolitiTdaaqtinolitiT.

plagioklazis Secvlis produqtebia sosuriti da sericiti.

gveleTis masivis dasawyisSi granitoidebs kveTs diabazuri daikebis

ori sistema: ganeduri da meridianuli, amasTan ganeduri mimarTebis diabaz-porfiritebs

kveTs meridianuli mimarTebis Tanabarmarcvlovani diabazis

daikebis sistema.

diabazuri daikebi didi raodenobiT gvxvdeba rogorc masivebSi, aseve

kistinkis wyebis qanebSi. darialis masivSi 90-ze meti daikaa dafiqsirebuli,

xolo gveleTis masivSi md. Tergis xeobis gaswvriv 40-ze meti

diabazuri daika aris daTvlili.

diabazebis asaki sadaoa. avtorebis nawili maT Suaiurulad miiCnevs.

Cveni azriT SeiZleba iyos, rogorc Suaiuruli, ise ufro axalgazrda

diabazis daikebi, radgan isini zemo svaneTsa da afxazeTSi kveTs Suaiurul

intruzivebsac (Дудаури, Тогонидзе, 1972).

sur.30. diabazis daikebi darialis masivis granitoidebSi

fuZe qanebis garda granitoidebi ikveTeba leikokratuli granituli

ZarRvebiT warmodgenili aliaskitebiTa da aplitebiT. aliaskitebis Zar-

Rvebis simZlavre 10 metrs aRwevs, xolo aplitebisa _ 0,5-2 metris farglebSia

(Дудауриидр. 2000).

aliaskitebi Rianacrisferi, TiTqmis TeTri feris saSualomarcvlovani

mWidro qanebia, Tanabarmarcvlovani an porfirisebri struqturiT.

ZiriTadi mineralebia albiti, kvarci da mikroklini. zogjer mikroklini

Zalian cotaa da qani plagioaliaskits warmoadgens. am qanebs deformacia

aqvT gancdili. mindvris Spatebis kristalebi deformirebuli da kataklazirebulia.

kvarcs zogjer ZarRvis forma aqvs.

orive masivis qanebi gakveTilia rqatyuaris sxvadasxva simZlavris

ZarRvebiT. rqatyuara zogjer mcire dagrovebebsac warmoSobs.

darialisa da gveleTis masivebs gancdili aqvT dinamometamorfizmi,

amis gamo xSirad gvxvdeba kataklazitebi da milonitebi.

kistinkis wyebas samxreTiT moyveba wiklauris wyeba, romlis asakic

m. TofCiSvilis (2009) mixedviT plinsbaxuria (Sua liasuri). wyeba Sedgeba

Saviferis aspiduri fiqlebis, rqaulebis, wvrilmarcvlovani TxelSreeb-

ivi qviSaqvebis SuaSreebiT, sferuli lavebiTa da wyebis gamkveTi diabazebiT.

wyebis simZlavre 450-500 m-ia.

wiklauris wyeba vrceldeba md. sakeceTis xeobamde, romelzec amave

saxelwodebis rRveva gadis. samxreTiT am wyebas mosdevs yazbegis wyeba,

warmodgenili zolebrivi qviSaqvebisa da Tixafiqlebis morigeobiT. es

qanebi piritis kristalebs Seicavs. yazbegis wyebis asaki (zeda liasuri)

toarsulia (TofCiSvili, 2009).

yazbegis wyebas samxreTiT moyveba RuduSauris wyeba. igi agebulia

TixafiqlebiT, iSviaTad alevroliTebis Txeli SuaSreebiT. wyeba sideritis

konkreciebs da piritis kristalebs Seicavs. wyebis simZlavre 1000 m

Seadgens. RuduSauris wyebis asaki (Suaiuruli)aalenuria (TofCiSvili,

2009).

RuduSauris wyebas samxreTiT TandaTanobiT moyveba bursaWiris wyeba,

romlis agebulebaSi monawileobs sqelSreebrivi karbonatuli qviSaqvebi

Tixafiqlebis fsamituri masaliT. wyebis simZlavre 1200 m-ia, asaki –

(Suaiuruli) baiosuri. mas zeviT moyveba baTurad daTariRebuli bursa-

Wiris msgavsi naleqebi, romelsac Sevardenis wyebas uwodeben.

sof. kobis pirdapir, md. Tergis marcxena napirze Sevardenis wyebis

Tavzekonglomerat-breqCiebsaRniSnaven,racamwyebazezedaiuruli fliSuri

naleqebis transgresiul ganlagebaze miuTiTebs.

aseTia darialis xeobidan moyolebuli darialis da gveleTis granitoiduli

masivebis Taviseburebani da qveda- da Suaiuruli danaleqi

wyebebis xasiaTi.es naleqebi sof. kobamde grZeldeba. Semdeg modis zedaiurul-carculi

karbonatuli fliSuri naleqebi, romelic gaSiSvlebulia

saqarTvelos samxedro gzis gaswvriv sof. ananuridan sof. kobamde.

mleTa-kobis midamoebSi gamodis zedaiuruli naleqebi, romelSic gamoyofilia

mleTis, wiforis da kasaris wyebebi.

daba stefanwminda – Trusos xeoba

marSrutis mizania Trusos da kasaras xeobebis daTvaliereba da Zveli

da axali travertinebis naxva.

daba stefanwmindidan sof. kobamde moasfaltebuli saavtomobilo

gza midis. Trusos xeobisken mimavali gza marjvniv uxvevs da md. Tergis

gaSlil xeobas miyveba.

dasawyisSi praqtikantebis jgufi unda avides sof. oqroyanaSi da fexiT

gauyves kasaras viwro xeobas. soflis zeviT gzis marjvena mxares

gaSiSvlebulia Zveli travertinebi. mineraluri wyaro, romlisganac es

mZlavri travertinebi daileqa, dRes aRar arsebobs. travertinebi nacrisferia

da misi Wrili saintereso sanaxavia. es aris Sreebrivi, zogjer talRebrivi

warmonaqmnebi (sur.31).

Kkasaras xeobis ferdobebi agebulebiT mkveTrad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan.

marcxena ferdobi sakmaod daqanebulia da iuruli furcela

fiqlebiT aris agebuli. es fiqlebi advilad iSleba, wvimis dros naSali

daba stefanwminda_ Trusos xeobis marSrutis teritoriis

topografiuli ruka da aerofoto

masalawylisnakadebsgzazeCamoaqvsdaamitomgzagauvalixdeba.am mizezis

gamo Trusos xeobaSi mimavali axali gza gaiWra.

sur.31. Zveli travertinebisof. oqroyanasTan

kasaras xeobis marjvena napiri agebulia vulkan xorisaridan Camosuli

lavuri nakadiT, romelic sveturi ganwevrebis mqone vertikalur kedels

warmoadgens(sur. 32).

sur. 32. vulkan xorisaris lavuri nakadi kasaras xeobaSi

aqedan praqtikantebis jgufi odnav ukan unda dabrundes da Trusos

xeobaSi mimaval axal gzas daadges. es gza vulkan xorisaris mZlavr lavur

nakadze gadadis da sakmaod daqanebuli daRmarTiT eSveba Trusos

xeobaSi. es lavuri nakadi andezituri Sedgenilobisaa, foriania da mowi-

Talo feri aqvs.

Trusos xeobaSi Camavali daRmarTidan qveviT kargad Cans travertinebis

veli (sur. 33).

sur. 33. travertinebis veli Trusos xeobaSi

es veli mdinarisken sustad daqanebul ferdobze mdebareobs. travertinebs

qaTqaTa TeTri an odnav moyviTalo feri aqvs. maTze nela moedineba

mineraluri wylis ramdenime Txeli nakadi da Tavisebur zedapirs

warmoSobs (sur. 34).

sur. 34. travertinebis zedapiri

travertinnebis

vellis

qveviTT

md. Ter rgis marjjvena

napirze

Zvel li trav-

ertineebia

Caqceuli.

aqqedan

praaqtikanteebis

jguffi

gaagrZ Zelebs svvlas

mdiinaris

di inebissa- winaaRRmdego

miimarTuleebiT,

gaddalaxavs

md. Tergis

marjjvena

Senakads

daa

gava gzis

qveviiT

balaxian

mindoorze.

mddinaris

mmarcxena

napirze gamoCnde eba mineraaluri

wyylis

“tb ba”, rome-

lic ggazebis

ggamoyofiss

gamo “dduRs”.

mi isgan gamoomdinaree

nakadul limdina- reSi CCadis.

nakadulis

kalapotti

wiTel li feris aris rkkinis

Jang gisgamo- yofis Sedegad(sur.

35).

sur. 35.

mineraluuri

wyliis

“tba” md. m Tergiis

marcxeena

napirze

soof.

abanoosTan

gaayvanili

WaburRilidan

iffrqveva

nakadii,

romellic

sakmaaod

didd

farTobze

warmmoSobs

naleqeebs

(sur. 36).

surr.

36. wyllisa

da ggazis

amo ofrqveva WaburRillidan

gazisa da d wyliss

mowiTalo

feriss

411

TTrusos

ssakmaod

ffarTo

xxeobis

ma arcxena ferdi aagebulia

iurulii

fiqleebiT,

xollo

marjjvena

ferrdi

zedaiuruli

Sreebriivi

kirqv vebiT. amm

ferdiis

zeda nnawilSi

kkargad

Caans

danao oWebuli SSreebi(suur.

37).

sur. 377.

zedaiuruli

da anaoWebulli

Sreebii

daba

stefanwwminda

_ Cxeriis

xeobaa

yaazbegis

rraionistteritoriaaze

oTxi i mZlavrri

Camqraali

vulk kani mde-

bareobbs:

myiinvarwverri,qabarjina,sakoxe,saZele.

arisaagreTve

mTelii

rigipaarazitullivulkannebisa

_ didida

pataratyarSSeTi,

Sevardeni,

,

kiCutwwveri

da sxv.

mdd.

Cxeriss

xeobaSii

SeiZlebba

myinvar rwveris amofrqveevis

Sede egad war-

moSobbili

lavuri

nakaddebis

gaccnoba.

mdd.

Cxeri saTaves iiRebs

myiinvarwver

ris Crdillo-aRmossavleTi

ferdobi f -

dan da

mdinare

Tergs uerTdeba

marcxena

mxridan

daba sstefanwmi

indasTan. .

saavtoomobilo

gzis zeviT

xeobba

sakmaod d gaSlillia

da ddidi

zom mis bali-

Sisebrri

lavebiis

lodebiT

ariss

mofenil li. mdinaaris

es gganieri

da d moswo-

rebulli

nawili

myinvarris

moqmeedebiskval

ls atarebs.

zeviiT

mdinar risdine- bis saawinaaRmddego

mimarrTulebiT

xeoba TandaTann

viwrovddeba.

mdd.

Cxeris xeobis mmarcxena

ferdze, mdinariss

Walidaan

sakmaod

maRla, ,

myinvarrwveridaan

amofrqqveuli

llavuri

na akadebia gaSiSvlebuli(su

ur. 38). aqq

xuTamdde

nakadiis

daTvlla

SeiZleba,

roml lebic errTmaneTissgan

lavu uri breq-

CiebiTT

aris gaamoyofilli.

lavurri

nakadebi

andezzituri

SSedgenil

lobisar- is.stefanwmindidan

1,5 kkm-iT

qvevviT

darialis

xeoobisken

gzis

marc cxenamxa- res daaxloebiiT

40 m-iTT

maRla Cxeris nakads

aqvvs

sveturri

ganwevr reba da

svetebbi

maraosseburad

aaris

ganllagebuli

i (sur. 399).

422

daba stefanwminda_ Cxeris xeobis marSrutis teritoriis

topografiuli ruka da aerofoto

sur. 38. vulkanuri nakadebi md. Cxeris marcxena ferdze

sur.39. sveturi ganwevreba maraoseburi ganlagebiT

lavur nakadebs md. Cxeris marjvena ferdic ukavia, romlebic sof.

gergeTis qveviT mdebareobs. es nakadebic myinvarwveris amofrqvevis Sedegad

warmoiSva. am nakadebis momcemi lava, rogorc Cans, SedarebiT blanti

iyo, radgan aq vxvdebiT dinebis iseT formebs, rogoric blanti masis

Segundebis dros warmoiSoba(sur.40).

gergeTis nakadic agreTve andezituri Sedgenilobis aris, magram is

calkenakadiada ar warmoadgens Cxeris nakadebTan dakavSirebul warmonaqmns.

sur. 40. gergeTis blanti lavuri nakadis Segundeba

md. Cxeris Sua welSi, mdinaris Tanamedrove WalaSi, aluvionze devs

lavis “kunZuli”, romelic nakadis frontalur nawils warmoadgens. nakadebis

hifsometruli ganlagebis mixedviT,aRniSnuli “kunZuli” yvelaze

axalgazrda unda iyos. md. Cxeris marcxena napirze saavtomobilo gzas-

Tan axlos aris eqsploziuri vulkanuri centri, romelic zemodan Cxeris

nakadiT ifareba (sur.41).

sur.41. eqsploziuri centri md. Cxeris SesarTavTan

daba

stefanwwminda

_ sofelli

kobi

maarSruti

mizanSewwonilia

ddaiwyos

Camqral vulkan qqabarjina

as dasav-

leTi ferdobiis

daTvallierebiTT.

vuulkan

qabarjinass

vulkanuuri

apar rati erooziuli

pprocesebi

iszegav- leniTT

Zlier ddanawevreebulia

dda

misi ag gebulebiis

naxva mmiudgoml

lobisga- mo gaZZnelebullia

(sur. 42).

surr.

42.Camqrrali

vul lkani qabaarjina

qaabarjinass

dasavlleT

ferddobze,

lavur l nakkadebs

Suua,

ramde enimead- gilass

CaWrilii

ubeebia, , romlebbic

dakvirvebisTvis

SedarrebiT

misa adgomia.

errT-erTi

aseTi SeWrili

ubis

marcxena

ferdobi

ageebulia

Ria R feriss

rqatyuuariani

ddacitebiTT.

igi addvilad

mu uSavdeba da adgilobrivi

mosaxl-

eoba mmas

saamSeneblod

iyenebs. swored am dacittebiT

ariis

mopirk keTebulii

gergeTTis

samebbis

taZari.

maarjvena

fferdi

anddezitur

nakads ukavia u da sakmaod maRal qeds q war-

moSobbs.

es nakadi

gakveeTilia

bbazaltis

0,5 m daaikiT.

missi

dakbil lulize- da nawwili

kargad

Cans qedis Txxemze

(sur.

43).

aqqedan

jguufi

undaa

gaemgzaavros

so of. kobissken,

rommelic

md d. Tergiss

marjveena

mxarees

mdebarreobs.

sooflis

gverdiT

aaRmarTullia

vert tikalurii

kedelli,

romellic

agebuulia

anddezitebiT

T. vulkanni

qabarjjina

saer rTod Ra-

ribia nakadebiT.

yvelazze

mZlavri

kobis s nakadia. . vertikaluri

ked dlis si--

maRlee

100 m-dee

iqneba. kedelzee

kargad Cans sveeturi

gaanwevreba.

svetebii

sxvadaasxva

mimaarTulebiTaa

daqqanebuli.

aris ho orizontallurad

da d verti-

kalurrad

mdebaare

sveteebi.

qani SSavi

an na acrisferria,

xSirad

_ for riani.

466

daba stefanwminda_ sofeli kobis marSrutis teritoriis

topografiuli ruka da aerofoto

aqqedan

md. Tergis marcxena ferdobz ze, mdinaris

Waliidan

sakm maod maR-

la, Caans

mnas llavuri

nnakadis

ddaboloeb

ba. nakadss

sveturi

ganwevr reba aqvs. .

svetebbi

vertikkaluradaaa

daqanebbuli.

surr.

43. anddezituri

nakadis gakveTa bbazalturi

daikiT T

aqqedan

jguufi

gaemgzavreba

sof. vardisubannSi,

romllis

ukan sakmaodd

did ffarTobzee

laxareebis

erozziuli

fo ormebi _ svetebi da gamo oqvabule-

bia (suur.

44, 455).

natexii

masala ZiriTada ad vulkaanuria

_ rqatyuar rianida- citebii

da andezitebi.

aris Tixxafiqleb

bis natexeebic.

nattexebis

zoma

zog-

jer 0,5

m-dea. nnatexebi

dauxarissxebelia,

, Secementtebulia

qviSis ma asaliT.

llaxarebiss

aseTi ffarTo

gaavrceleba

a da aseTTi

eroziiuli

formebi

sa-

qarTveeloSi

sxxvagan

arrsad

gvxvvdeba.

ami itom mizzanSewoniili

iqneb ba am fo-

rmebs bunebis Zeglis sstatusi

mmieniWos.

llaxarebi

vulkan qqabarjinaas

moqmed debasTanaa

dakavSiirebuli.

yinuliss

an Tovlis

dnoobis

Seddegad

warrmoSobil

li an vullkanis

krraterSi

dagrovi-

li wyali

daeSSva

vulkanis

ferdobze

da a Tan wammoiRo

iq arsebul li natexii

masala.

sabolood

es myari massalis

da a talaxiis

narevi,

seluri i nakadiss

msgavssad,

swraffad

daeSSva

vulkaan

qabarj jinas Crddilo

ferrdobze

da d qveviTT

488

sakmaood

did ffarTobze

gavrceelda.

es araerTggvarovanii

masa sx xvadasxvaa

ubanSii

sxvadassxva

xariisxiT

Seccementda.

sustad Secementtebuli

ubnebi

ad-

viladd

gadaireecxa

da uufro

karrgad

Sec cementebulli

nawilli

darCa eroziu--

li moowmeebis

ssaxiT.

sur. 444,

45. laxxarebis

eroziulii

formebii

499

daba stefanwminda _ sofeli gveleTi

marSrutis mizania soflebis gveleTisa da cdos lavuri nakadebis

naxva.

cdosa da gveleTis lavuri nakadebi myinvarwveris vulkanuri moqmedebis

Sedegad aris warmoSobili. es nakadebi ganlagebulia qvedaiurul

naleqebze.cdos lavebi oTxi nakadisgan Sedgeba, romlebic erTmaneTisgan

vulkanuri breqCiebiT aris gamoiyofili.

cdos nakadebi kargad aris gaSiSvlebuli saavtomobilo gzis marcxena

mxares, gzidan daaxloebiT 50 m-iT maRla. lavuri nakadebi ganlagebulia

wiklauris wyebis qanebze. qveda lavuri nakadi Savi feris mWidro

andezits warmoadgens. zeviT mas adevs vulkanuri breqCia da meore ufro

mZlavri nakadi. mesame nakadi mxolod nawilobriv faravs qveda nakadebs.

meoTxe nakadi ufro mZlavria. mas zeda done ukavia da izolirebulia

sxva nakadebisgan.

sof. gveleTis zeviT, alpinisturi banakis ukan, kistinkis wyebaze ganlagebulia

lavebis ori“kunZuli”mowyvetili lavuri nakadisgan. “kunZulebi”

agreTve oTxi nakadiT aris agebuli. qveda nakadis qveS mZlavri

vulkanuri breqCia devs. pirveli, qveda lavuri nakadi Savi feris aris

da sveturi ganwevreba axasiaTebs. meore nakads qveS isev vulkanuri breq-

Cia udevs, lavuri nakadi Savi feris aris da sveturi ganwevreba aqvs(sur.

46).

sur. 46. gveleTis lavuri nakadi sveturi ganwevrebiT

zeda ori lavuri nakadi nacrisferi, Savi da wiTeli andezitebiT

aris warmodgenili. aqedan praqtikantebi gaemgzavrebian sof. arSasTan

md. Tergis marcxena ferdze arsebuli andezituri lavuri nakadis sana-

xavad. es nakaddi

myinvarrwveridan

iwyeba, samxreT-aRmosavlleTisken

miedine-

ba da aRwevs md.

Tergis

marcxena

napira amde. ferddobis

qveeda

nawil lSierT- iani nakadi

Rrrma

xramebbiT

calkkeul

nawilebad

iiyofa.

aseTebia:

1. sof.ga- ibotennTan,

2. aarSis

diddi

lava, 3. arSis mcire naakadi

da 4. sof. fanSeTiss

lava. es nakaddebi

ferddobze

vertikalu

uri kedllebiTmTavvrdeba.

lava l war-

modgenilia

Savi,

nacriisferi

daa

wiTeli i andezittebiT.

dabba

stefaanwmindaa

_ sofeli

juuTa

_ Wiiuxebi

maarSrutiss

mizania Wiuxebzee

baliSisebri

laavebis

naxxva.

daba

steffanwmindiddan

jguffi

unda gaemgzavrros

md. snos xeo obaSi.mTa-

vari gzidan ggadasaxveevTan

ariis

sof. aCxoti. Semdeg ssof.

sno oa, sadacc

arissaaqarTvelloskaTollikos-pattriarqis,

uwmindessisa

daunnetaresis

s ilia III

reziddencia.

aqqve

aris vaxtang gorgasa alis saxxelobis

eklesia da misii

Zegli.

arrsebobs

llegenda,

rom sofflis

sax xeli “snoo”

am soflis

mc cxovrebiss

saxelidan

moddis.

sno vvaxtang

ggorgasal

ls axlda oseTSi Tavisi motacebu-

li diis

gamosaaxsnelad.

. snos daa

gaunTav visuflebbiaT

da ssofelSi

dabrune-

bulann.

snos akkvanSi

mwoliare

ppatara

bi iWi hyolia,

romellic

vaxt tanggor- gasals

mounaTTlavs.

amis

Semdeg

snos pativsacemmad

sofllisTvis

snodau- rqmeviiaT.

soof.

snoddan

saavtomobiloo

gza grZeldeba

sof. juuTamde.

aq qedanbi- liki midis Wiuuxebis

vuulkanur

masiviske en. manZilli

7-8km iqqneba(sur

r. 47).

surr.

47.Wiuxxebis

vul lkanuri mmasivi

511

daba stefanwminda_ sofeli juTa _ Wiuxebi marSrutis

teritoriis topografiuli ruka da aerofoto

Wiuxebis vulkanuri masivi Suaiurul droSi wyalqveSa amofrqvevis

Sedegad warmoiSva. igi agebulia baliSa lavebiTa da diabazebiT. baliSa

lavebi bazalturi Sedgenilobis aris. wyalqveSa amofrqvevebisas lava

wyalTan Sexebis dros swrafad civdeba, ris gamoc baliSebs nawrTobi

apki gadaekvreba. es ki xels uSlis baliSebis erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebas.

studentTa jgufi ava Wiuxebis ZirSi, sadac mis Crdilo mxares baliSa

lavebis uzarmazari lodebia Camoyrili(sur. 48).am lodebze kargad

Cans baliSebis erTmanaTTan urTierToba. baliSebs gars akravs epidotis

Txeli arSia, xolo baliSebs Soris samkuTxa sivrce epidotiTa da kalcitiT

aris amovsebuli.

sur. 48. baliSa lavebi Wiuxebidan

garda amisa studentebi naxaven myinvarisTvis damaxasiaTebel gverdiT

morenas, romelic lodebiTa da qviSiT aris agebuli.

Wiuxebi xevis, xevsureTisa da gudamayris sazRvarze mdebareobs. gamyinvarebis

dros Wiuxebidan aRmosavleTiT sof. roSkisken md. abudelauris

xeobaSi myinvarma moZraoba daiwyo. Wiuxebis vertikaluri kedlebidan

myinvarze uzarmazari lodebi iyreboda, romelic myinvars qveviT mihqonda.Mmyinvaris

gadnobis Semdeg lodebi im adgilze darCa, sadac myinvarma

miitana. dRes md. abudelauris xeoba aseTi lodebiT aris mofenili. lodebi

md. aragvamdec ki aris Catanili. myinvareul lodnarSia gaSenebuli

sof. roSka. roSkis ori didi lodi saqarTelos wiTel wignSia Setanili,

rogorc bunebis Zeglebi. sof. roSkaSi da mis zeviT arsebuli zogi

lodis moculoba aseul kubur metrs Seadgens.

sasargeblo wiaRiseuli praqtikis raionis teritoriaze

pirvel rigSi unda aRiniSnos Tbilisis Termuli gogirdiani wyali,

romelic gamoiyeneba samkurnalo da higienuri saWiroebisaTvis. am wylis

bazazea daarsebuli Tbilisis balneologiuri kurorti.

mtknari wylis mniSvnelovan sabados warmoadgens muxranis velis arteziuli

auzi. am sabados wyals sasmelad iyenebs nataxtrisa da misaqcielis

mosaxleoba, romelic WaburRilebis meSveobiT iRebs wyals. garda

amisa am wyals ludis warmoebisTvis iyenebs nataxtris ludis qarxana.

mdinare aragvis xeoba, Jinvalis kaSxalidan qveviT aragvis xidamde,

pirveli kategoriis sanitarul zonas warmoadgens TbilisisTvis, radgan

aragvis xeobaSi arsebuli bulaCaurisa da nataxtris wyalsadenis saTao

nagebobebi dedaqalaqs amaragebs sasmeli wyliT.

sof. ananurTan, saavtomobilo gzis marcxena mxares, xevebSi da maT

wyalgamyofebze SiSvldeba zedacarculi qviSiani kirqvebiT da mergelebiT

agebuli wyebebi. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia zedaturonul-koniakuri asakis

margalitis kldis wyeba, warmodgenili TxelSreebrivi kirqvebisa da

mergelebis morigeobiT. wyebis amgebi qanebi mowiTalo, nacrisferi, momwvano,

TeTri da yavisferia. Txeli Sreebisa da ferebis nairsaxeobis gamo

am qanebs mosapirkeTebel da samSeneblo masalad iyeneben.

daba fasanaurSi md. aragvis piras gayvanilia WaburRili, romlidanac

moedineba esentukis tipis mineraluri wyali, magram misi sawarmoo

gamoyeneba ar xdeba.

rkiniT mdidari mineraluri wyali modis WaburRilidan sof. nadibaanTan.

es WaburRili mineraluri wyliT mgzavrebs wyurvilsuklavs.

bunebrivi mineraluri wyali didi debitiT moedineba sof. qveSeTis

zeviT xadas xeobaSi. am wylis Camosxma xdeboda gasuli saukunis 90-ian

wlebSi. amJamad warmoeba Sewyvetilia.

yazbegis municipaliteti mdidaria mineraluri wylebiT. aRsaniSnavia

rkinis Semcveli wyaroebi md. bidaras da Trusos xeobebSi da sof. goriscixesTan.

aseTive wylebi amodis WaburRilebidan sof. yanobis xiddTan

da sof. kobTan. samrewvelo da samkurnalo mniSvneloba aqvs WaburRilidan

amosul sodian wyals sof. fanSeTTan.

sasrgeblo wiaRiseulidan aRsaniSnavia mwvane feris, natexovani agebulebis

mosapirkeTebeli qva, romelsac momxmareblebi diabazs eZaxian.

es qani diabazi ar aris. natexebi bazalturi Sedgenilobisaa, isini Secementebulia

epidotiT, romelic qans mwvane fers aZlevs (sur. 49).

am qanis sabado myinvar devdorakis qveS mdebareobs da eqsploataciisTvis

miudgomelia. damuSaveba xdeba md.md. devdorakisa da Tergis xeobebidan

amoRebuli myinvaruli lodebisa. es qani warmoiSva iuruli

baliSa lavebis teqtonikurad damsxvrevisa da natexebis epidotiT Secementebis

gziT. natexovani bunebis gamo

aRniSnulmosapirkeaTebelqvasbreqCiuli bazalti uwodes (lobJaniZe,

2010).

sur. 49. breqCiuli bazaltis lodi

breqCiuli bazalti, rogorc mosapirkeTebeli qva, mraval adgilas

aris gamoyenebuli. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia sof. arSis qvis saxerxi

qarxnis administraciul SenobaSi agebuli buxari(sur.50).

sur.50. breqCiuli bazaltiT agebuli buxari

samSeneblo da mosapirkeTebel masalad gamoiyeneba yazbegis raionSi

farTod gavrcelebuli vulkanuri qanebi _ andezitebi da dacitebi. vulkan

qabarjinasrqatyuariani dacitebiT aris mopirkeTebuli gergeTis samebis

eklesia, xolo xorisaris mowiTalo andezitebiT _ darialis xeobaSi

agebuli taZari.

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“Problems of Geology of the Caucasus”. Tbilisi. Abstracts. P. 24-25.

danarTebi

danarTi 1.

terminebisganmarteba

breqCia _ bunebriviwarmonaqmnia, romelicSedgebaqanebisdakuTxulinatexebisadacementisagan.

natexebiszoma 1 mm-zemetia. rocanatexebiszomadidia

(1m-dedameti), maslodbreqCiaewodeba. breqCiaSei-

Zlebaiyosvulkanuri, moqceuliornakadsSua.

izoklinuri (berZn.) danaoWeba _ danaleqiqanebisiseTidanaoWebaa, rodesacnaoWebimaqsimaluradarisdakecili(naoWebisgverdebiTiTqmisparaleluria).aseTidanaoWebaxdebaintensiurigverdiTidawolisdros.aseadanaoWebulikavkasionzeqvedadaSuaiuruliTixafiqlebidaqviSaqvebi.

koluviuri naleqebi _ warmoiqmneba gamofitvis produqtebis mTis ferdobebze

simZimis ZaliT gadaadgilebiT. am produqtebis dagrovebebi

gvxvdeba mTis ferdobebze da Sleifis saxiT mTis ZirebSi. es ukanaskneli

natexovani masalis Camoyris Sedegad warmoiSoba. inglisur

da amerikul literaturaSi am termins ufro farTo mniSvneloba

aqvs _ igi moicavs deluviur naleqebsac.

konglomerati (laT.) _ nagorebimasaliT (qvargvalebiT) agebuliqaniaSecementebuliqviSiT,

TixiTdasxva. qvargvalebiszoma 1-10 sm-ia. arisbazalurikonglomeratebi,

romelicqveSudevsdanaleqwyebebs.

laxari(indonez.) _ talaxianinakadia, romelicwarmoiSobavulkanisferdobzevulkanurimasalisSereviTwyalTan,romelicvulkanurikrateridanaawamosulianvulkanisferdobzeyinulisanTovlisdnobisSedegadaamiRebuli.

arCevencxeldacivlaxarebs. cxelilaxarebiuSualodaadakavSirebulivulkanismoqmedebasTandaSeicavscxelpiroklasturmasalas.civilaxarebiararisdakavSirebulivulkanisamofrqvevasTandaSeicavscivvulkanurmasalas.

sof. vardisubnislaxarebiSeicavsdacitisdaandezitisdakuTxulmasalasdaSaviferisTixafiqlebisnatexebs.eslaxarebiciviundaiyos,

radganmasSicivimasalacurevia.

meandri _ termini dakavSirebulia mcire aziis mdinare meandrasTan da

niSnavsmdinaris daklaknili kalapots. mdinare bidara meandrebs

qmnis saTaveSi vake reliefisa da farTo xeobis pirobebSi.

molasurinaleqebi _ warmoiSobamTebisdanaoWebisazevebisprocesSi, rocaazevebasaxlavsmTiswinarofis

(CaRrmavebis) warmoSoba. mTebisgadanarecximasalawylisnakadebsmiaqvsdaleqavsmTiswinadablobSi.

saqarTvelossamxedrogzazetipiurmolasaswarmoadgensduSeTiswyeba,

romelickonglomeratebiTdaTixisSuaSreebiTarisagebuli.

esqanebikargadarisgaSiSvlebulisof. bodornasTandaamnaleqebiTarisSevsebulimuxranisdepresia.

olistostromi (berZ.) _ arisqaosuraddagrovilisxvadasxvaqanisnatexebi,

SecementebuliwvrilmarcvlovaniTixur-alevroliturimasaliT.igiwarmoiSobawyalqveSamewyrisanCaqcevisSedegad.olistostromebiSedgenilobiTaraerTgvarovania.maTSigvxvdebasruliadsxvadasxvazomis,

Sedgenilobisdaasakisqanebislodebi.

olistostromebisamgeblodebsolistoliTebiewodeba.

travertini (ital.)_ foriani, msubuqi qania, warmoSobili kalciumis karbonatis

gamoleqviT naxSirmJaviani cxeli an civi wyaroebisgan. xSirad

Seicavs mcenareul anabeWdebs. qani Ria, moyviTalo, momwvano,

kremisferi an monacrisfro-mura ferisaa. forianoba 2-dan 40%-mdea.

gamoiyeneba, rogorc mosapirkeTebeli masala.

fliSi (Sveic.) _ warmoadgensRrmazRvisnaleqebs, romlisTvisacdamaxasiaTebeliariTmulimorigeobaramdenimeliTologiuradgansxvavebuliSrisa,

romelTagranulometriamcirdebaqvevidanzeviT. fli-

SiSedgebamravalimcireciklisgan. cikliSedgeba 2-4 Srisgan,

romelTaganqvedawarmodgeniliamarcvlovaniqaniT (qviSaqva,

alevroliti), xodozeda _ pelitebiT.

SariaJi(frang.) _ horizontalurianmcireddaqanebuliSecocebaa,

romlisdrosacxdebaqanTamasebiszewrissaxiTgadaadgilebaSecocebistalRurzedapirzeramdenimeaTeulanpirvelaseulkilometrismanZilze.

danarTi 2.

eonoTema jgufi

(era)

fanerozouli Az (neogea)

kainozouri (neozouri) Kz

sistema

(periodi)

meoTxeuli Q

neogeni - N

paleogeni –PP

carculi – K

iuruli – J

triasuli – T

geologiuri drois skala (mln.w.)

245

pleistoceni

seqcia

(epoqa)

holoceni Q4

gviani (zeda) Q3

Sua Q2

adreuli (qveda)

Q1

1.75

sarTuli

(saukune)

das. evropa pliocenis adgilobrivi dayofa

plioceni Pl kalabriuli Savi zR. auzi kaspiis zR. auzi

N2

(vilafrankuli)

astiuri

kimeriuli

Cauduri

guriis

Sreebi

bakuri

afSeronuli

aRCagiluri

5.3

kuialnikuri

kimeriuli

balaxanuri

p o n t u r i

zeda meoturi

sarmatuli

miocen

konkuri

i Sua

karaganuli

Cokrakuli

N1

Tarxanuli

qveda kowaxuri

sayaraulo

23.5 aqvitanuri

oligoceni Ol qaturi

33.7 rupeluri

zeda priabonuli

eoceni E Sua bartonuli

luteciuri

qveda ipruli

paleoceni P Taneturi

65 daniuri

maastrixtuli

kampanuri

gviani (zeda) K2 santonuri

koniakuri

turonuli

96 senomanuri

alburi

apturi

adreuli (qveda) baremuli

K1

hotrivuli

valanJinuri

beriasuli

malmi (zeda) J3

135

154

dogeri (Sua) J2

175

liasi (qveda) J1

gviani(zeda) T3

Sua T2

203

adreuli (qveda) T1

senonuri

neokomuri

titonuri (portlanduri)

kimerijuli

oqxforduli

kaloviuri

baTuri

baiosuri

aalenuri

toarsuli

plinsbaxuri

sinemuruli

hetanguri

retuli

noriuli

karniuli

ladinuri

anizuri

skviTuri

kriptozouri

(paleogea) Krz

proterozouri PR

paleozouriPz

rifeuli R (gvian pr-ri) PR 3

permuli – P

295

karbonuli – C

devonuri – D

355

408

siluruli – S

435

ordoviciuli -

O

500

kambriuli - C

venduri V

gviani

Sua

adreuli

Sua PR2

adreuli PR1

1000

1600

2500

arqeuli Ar

4560

540

gviani (zeda) P2

TaTruli

yazanuri

kunguruli

adreuli (qveda) P1 artinskuli

sakmaruli

gviani (zeda) C3 stefanuri (uraluri)

Sua C2

vestfaluri (moskovuri)

namuruli

adreuli (qveda) C1

vizeuri

turneuli

dinanturi

gviani (zeda) D3 famenuri

franuli

Sua D2

Jiveturi

eifeluri

adreuli (qveda) D1 koblenciuri

Jedinuri

gviani (zeda) S2 dauntonuri

ludlouri salopuri

adreuli (qveda) S1 uenlokuri

valenciuri

gviani (zeda) O aSjiluri

karadokuli

Sua O landeiluri

adreuli (qveda) O

potsdamuri (zeda)C3

akadiuri (Sua) C2

jorjiuli (qveda)

skidauuri

tremadokuli

C1

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