gamocdili maswavlebeli
gamocdili maswavlebeli gamocdili maswavlebeli
Tavi 16 446 moswavleebi eleqtruli wredis Sesaswavlad `makintoSis~ kompiuters iyenebdnen. isini mausis meSveobiT aerTebdnen wreds, raTa gaegoT, ra iyo saidumlo yuTebSi [ix. sqema 16.10]. xdeboda naTuris gamosxivebis intensivobis simulacia realur gare wredSi. moswavleebi survilisamebr mraval wreds aerTebdnen. maT aseve SeeZloT erTi dasrulebuli wredis ekranze gamotana SedarebisTvis. amocanis Sesrulebamde maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobda pasuxebis Caweras, sadenis waSlas, samuSaos Senaxvas an ukve Sesrulebuli samuSaos naxvas (gv. 355).* fizikaSi, qimiasa da maTematikaSi SemuSavebulma aseTive kompiuterulma davalebebma cxadyo, rom es moswavleTa saqmianobis Sefasebis saxaliso da moqnili gzaa. aseTi Sefasebis kidev erTi upiratesobaa is, rom moswavlem da maswavlebelma SeiZleba maTTvis xelsayrel dros dagegmon amgvari davalebis Sesruleba. saSinao davalebis rveulis Semcvlelebi da bolos, moswavlis saqmianobis Sesaxeb uSualo monacemebis Tavmoyris kidev erTi meTodia davalebis rveuli, sadac is sakuTar qmedebebs da fiqrebs iwers. Savelsoni (1992, gv. 352) aqebs am meTods, radgan is iafia da `moswavleebs sakuTari Tavis weris saSualebiT gamoxatvis saSualebas aZlevs, rac mniSvnelovani unaria~. gamocdil maswavlebels swrafad SeuZlia rveulis Sefaseba. moswavlis unari gasagebad weros, damabnevel cvladad iqceva, Tuki Sefasebis mizani mxolod mecnierul azrovnebas ukavSirdeba. moswavlis naSromis Semowmeba zepiri, weriTi da multimediuri angariSebi angariSi weris, metyvelebisa da komunikaciuri unarebis gamomJRavnebis saSualebaa. am unarebis mqone moswavleebi angariSis saSualebiT maT warmoCensac SeZleben, xolo naklebad daxelovnebulebs, warmosaCenic naklebi eqnebaT. moxsenebis daweramde, moswavlem Tavi unda mouyaros da daalagos is informacia, romlis safuZvelzec apirebs moxsenebis daweras. Semdeg unda dagegmos misi warmodgenis forma, rac gulisxmobs Sesavlis, hipoTezebis, daskvnis Tanamimdevrobis dagegmvas.3 Txzulebis saSualebiT maswavlebeli amowmebs moswavlis azrovnebisa da komunikaciis unars, imas, Tu rogor gaigo man moxsenebis momzadebisTvis saWiro informacia. moxseneba, rogorc produqtiuli Sefasebis erT-erTi forma, xels uwyobs rogorc moswavlis, ise maswavleblis komunikaciis unaris ganviTarebas. moxsenebis saSualebiT moswavle avlens ZiriTadi codnis aTvisebas da asrulebs ufro inteleqtualur samuSaos, vidre ubralod faqtebis citirebaa. amrigad, moxseneba informaciis miRma msjelobas da iseTi operaciebis Catarebas moiTxovs, rogoricaa kavSirebis damyareba, daskvnis gakeTeba Sesatyvisad SerCeuli faqtebis safuZvelze, gaazrebuli da safuZvliani prognozis an hipoTezebis daSveba, mosazrebis gamoTqma, varaudebis gamovlena * ibeWdeba nebarTviT. Shavelson, Richard J., Gail P.Baxter, and Jerome Pine. “Performance Assessment in Sciencee. “In Applied Measurement in Education 4, no. 4, hillsdale, N.J.: Lowerence Erlbaum associates, 1991, P. 357.) 3 kvlevebma cxadyo, rom TviT monaxazis Sedgenisa da gadaxedvis procesi qmnis Txzulebaze muSaobis garkveul safexurebs. moxsenebis wera, iseve rogorc SemoqmedebiTi weris sxva formebi, organizebuli procesi ar aris `vwer, rac vici, rom gavigo, ras vfiqrob~ (Henry Glassie in Passing the Time in Bellymenone, an anthropological study of Irish village life.)
Sefaseba da originaluri kavSirebis damyareba. (Sesatyvisi gamocdilebiTa da xelmZRvanelobiT azrovnebis amgvar operaciebs, SesaZloa, dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebmac warmatebiT gaarTvan Tavi.) amrigad, moxseneba Tavisi bunebis gamo SegviZlia swavlebis organizebisa da saazrovno unarebis mZlavr instrumentad miviCnioT. Sesabamisad, moxsenebis dawera `swavlis epizodi unda iyos~ (Wolf 1993). moxsenebis weris unari Tandayolili ar aris, misi gamomuSaveba swavlebiT SeiZleba, risTvisac maswavlebelma moswavleebs moxsenebis weris procesis Semadgeneli komponentebi unda gaacnos. Sefasebasa da moxsenebis daweris swavlebas Soris kavSiri nayofieri saqmianobis modelia – moswavleebs winaswar vacnobT kargi naSromis Seqmnis zust kriteriumebs. swored aseve, zepiri an multimediuri moxsenebis Seqmnisas, magaliTisTvis unda gamoviyenoT yofili moswavleebis saukeTeso moxsenebebi da gavaanalizoT maTi dadebiTi mxareebi. analizi gulisxmobs moxsenebis im konkretuli adgilebis xazgasmas, sadac Cans kargi naSromis kriteriumebi. magaliTad: `xedavT, es winadadeba rogor ajamebs wina oTxi abzacis Ziri- Tad azrs? zustad amas veli Tqveni moxsenebebidanac, rodesac Sevavseb kriteriumebis furclis grafas `Semajamebeli winadadeba~. SegiZliaT ipovnoT msgavsi winadadeba moxsenebis meore nawilSi?~ axla ganvixiloT multimediuri moxsenebis magaliTi: `yuradReba miaqcieT, ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad rogor aris gamoyenebuli musika moxsenebis dasawyisSi, xolo Semdeg jazidan nawyveti ganwyobis Sesacvlelad. ecadeT, Tqvenc moZebnoT Tqveni moxsenebis ZiriTadi ideis Sesatyvisi musika~. moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris SeiZleba aseTi dialogi warimarTos: maswavlebeli: ras ityvi am moswavlis mier vizualuri masalis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb? moswavle: me SevamCnie, rom yovel ZiriTad ideas axlda gansxvavebuli vizualuri gaformeba, sqema Tu naxati. maswavlebeli: marTalia, da zustad msgavs CanarTebs velodebi Senganac. vizualuri masala zustad unda esadagebodes Sen mier Camoyalibebul Sexedulebas. Seni azriT, Sesabamisi iyo Tu ara vizualuri gaformeba am SemTxvevaSi? moswavle: rodesac man axsnis paralelurad sqema warmoadgina, es arc ise kargi Sexameba iyo – ubralod feradad dabeWdili sityvebi iyo. magram rodesac amboxebis fotosuraTi gamoiyena, naTlad aCvena Zaladobrivi ganwyoba. demonstrireba demonstrireba rTuli samuSaoa, romlis drosac moswavle maRali donis azrovnebis unarebs avlens. meeqvse klaselTa mier konkretuli qveynis kulturis Sesaxeb zemoxsenebuli werilis dawera codnis demonstrirebaa. aseTi samuSaos warmatebiT Sesasruleblad moswavleebs mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi uwevT saWiro codnisa da unarebis ganviTareba. moswavleebs rubrikebis saSualebiT winaswar uxsnian warmatebuli samuSaos kriteriumebs. amasTan, saboloo versiis Seqmnamde, isini ramdenime sacdel variantze muSaoben. ted saizeri (Ted Sizer) umaRlesi skolis xedvasTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavs, rom codnisa da unarebis demonstrireba aris rogorc skolis damTavrebis piroba, ise saSualo skolaSi moswavlis oTxwliani swavlis mizani. damamTavrebeli klasis yovelma moswavlem unda SeZlos codnis demonstrireba minimaluri standartebis Sesabamisad. 447
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Sefaseba<br />
da originaluri kavSirebis damyareba. (Sesatyvisi gamocdilebiTa da xelmZRvanelobiT azrovnebis<br />
amgvar operaciebs, SesaZloa, dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebmac warmatebiT gaarTvan<br />
Tavi.) amrigad, moxseneba Tavisi bunebis gamo SegviZlia swavlebis organizebisa da saazrovno<br />
unarebis mZlavr instrumentad miviCnioT. Sesabamisad, moxsenebis dawera `swavlis<br />
epizodi unda iyos~ (Wolf 1993).<br />
moxsenebis weris unari Tandayolili ar aris, misi gamomuSaveba swavlebiT SeiZleba, risTvisac<br />
maswavlebelma moswavleebs moxsenebis weris procesis Semadgeneli komponentebi unda<br />
gaacnos. Sefasebasa da moxsenebis daweris swavlebas Soris kavSiri nayofieri saqmianobis<br />
modelia – moswavleebs winaswar vacnobT kargi naSromis Seqmnis zust kriteriumebs.<br />
swored aseve, zepiri an multimediuri moxsenebis Seqmnisas, magaliTisTvis unda gamoviyenoT<br />
yofili moswavleebis saukeTeso moxsenebebi da gavaanalizoT maTi dadebiTi mxareebi.<br />
analizi gulisxmobs moxsenebis im konkretuli adgilebis xazgasmas, sadac Cans kargi naSromis<br />
kriteriumebi. magaliTad: `xedavT, es winadadeba rogor ajamebs wina oTxi abzacis Ziri-<br />
Tad azrs? zustad amas veli Tqveni moxsenebebidanac, rodesac Sevavseb kriteriumebis furclis<br />
grafas `Semajamebeli winadadeba~. SegiZliaT ipovnoT msgavsi winadadeba moxsenebis<br />
meore nawilSi?~ axla ganvixiloT multimediuri moxsenebis magaliTi: `yuradReba miaqcieT,<br />
ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad rogor aris gamoyenebuli musika moxsenebis dasawyisSi, xolo Semdeg<br />
jazidan nawyveti ganwyobis Sesacvlelad. ecadeT, Tqvenc moZebnoT Tqveni moxsenebis<br />
ZiriTadi ideis Sesatyvisi musika~.<br />
moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris SeiZleba aseTi dialogi warimarTos:<br />
<strong>maswavlebeli</strong>: ras ityvi am moswavlis mier vizualuri masalis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb?<br />
moswavle: me SevamCnie, rom yovel ZiriTad ideas axlda gansxvavebuli vizualuri<br />
gaformeba, sqema Tu naxati.<br />
<strong>maswavlebeli</strong>: marTalia, da zustad msgavs CanarTebs velodebi Senganac. vizualuri<br />
masala zustad unda esadagebodes Sen mier Camoyalibebul<br />
Sexedulebas. Seni azriT, Sesabamisi iyo Tu ara vizualuri gaformeba<br />
am SemTxvevaSi?<br />
moswavle: rodesac man axsnis paralelurad sqema warmoadgina, es arc ise kargi<br />
Sexameba iyo – ubralod feradad dabeWdili sityvebi iyo. magram<br />
rodesac amboxebis fotosuraTi gamoiyena, naTlad aCvena Zaladobrivi<br />
ganwyoba.<br />
demonstrireba<br />
demonstrireba rTuli samuSaoa, romlis drosac moswavle maRali donis azrovnebis<br />
unarebs avlens. meeqvse klaselTa mier konkretuli qveynis kulturis Sesaxeb zemoxsenebuli<br />
werilis dawera codnis demonstrirebaa. aseTi samuSaos warmatebiT Sesasruleblad<br />
moswavleebs mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi uwevT saWiro codnisa da unarebis ganviTareba.<br />
moswavleebs rubrikebis saSualebiT winaswar uxsnian warmatebuli samuSaos<br />
kriteriumebs. amasTan, saboloo versiis Seqmnamde, isini ramdenime sacdel variantze<br />
muSaoben.<br />
ted saizeri (Ted Sizer) umaRlesi skolis xedvasTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavs, rom codnisa<br />
da unarebis demonstrireba aris rogorc skolis damTavrebis piroba, ise saSualo skolaSi<br />
moswavlis oTxwliani swavlis mizani. damamTavrebeli klasis yovelma moswavlem unda SeZlos<br />
codnis demonstrireba minimaluri standartebis Sesabamisad.<br />
447
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