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Tavi 16 Semdeg modis procesis yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawili: maswavleblebi xelaxla detalurad amowmeben naSromebs, oRond amjerad detalurad Camoweren yoveli kategoriis maxasiaTeblebs da rubrikis Tavdapirvel monaxazs qmnian. erT-erTi mecnieri aRniSnavs: 434 standartebze saubrisas Cndeba kiTxva imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad naTlad unda iyos Camoyalibebuli standartebi. sakmarisia Tu ara imis Tqma, rom moswavlis namuSevarma unda warmoaCinos `detalebisadmi yuradReba~? Tu unda aRvweroT im detalebis tipi da raodenoba, romelsac moveliT? TiTqmis eWvgareSea, rom meore kiTxvaze dadebiTi pasuxi uzrunvelyofs moswavlisa da maswavleblisTvis swavlisa da swavlebis dagegmvis ukeTes gzamkvlevs, Tumca aranakleb mniSvnelovania pirvel kiTxvaze SeTanxmebac (Jamentz 1994, p. 38). Tu maswavlebeli gamonaxavs dros da yuradRebiT gaanalizebs yoveli rubrikis dones, swavlis procesis ufro naTeli suraTi Seiqmneba. ufro advilad dagegmavs im aqtivobebs, romlebic sasurvel Sedegebs moutans. `ukudagegmareba~, rogorc mas ted saizeri (Ted Sizer 1992) uwodebs, gulisxmobs jer Sefasebis sistemis SemuSavebas, Semdeg ki – swavlis im kriteriumebs analizs, romlebic sasurvel Sedegamde miiyvans moswavles. amrigad, maswavlebelTa jgufis mier mniSvnelovani koncefciebisa da unarebis avTentikuri Sefasebis Sesaqmnelad gaweuli muSaoba SesaZlebelia ukeTesi swavlebisTvis gadadgmul nabijebad CavTvaloT. amis axsna ase SeiZleba: Sefasebidan gamomdinare, maswavlebeli ufro kritikulad afasebs TviT swavlebis processac, raTa darwmundes, namdvilad uwyobs Tu ara is xels sasurveli codnisa da unarebis ganviTarebas. moswavleTa Cabma rubrikebisa da standartebis SeqmnaSi jgufurad momuSave maswavleblebis mier standartebis, rubrikebis SemuSavebis da rubrikebis mixedviT Sesrulebis doneebis dadgenis Semdeg procesSi moswavleebic erTvebian. moswavleebs SeuZliaT mniSvnelovani roli Seasrulon mosalodneli naSromis Sesafasebeli kriteriumebis dadgenaSi da am procesSi monawileobiT ukeT gaigon miznebi da maTi miRwevis ufro meti stimuli gauCndeT. kris gustafsonma (Chris Gustafson 1994) moswavleebis monawileobiT gansazRvra Temis – `imigracia~ - standartebi: bavSvebs Temebis sia SevTavaze da vTxove, erT-erTi maTgani aerCiaT. meore dRes moswavleebi, romlebmac erTi da igive Temebi airCies, dajgufdnen da am Temebis codnis Sesafasebeli standartebis SemuSaveba daevalaT. Semdeg avuxseni, rom Cems mier nimuSad SeTavazebuli namuSevari C quliT iyo Sefasebuli. yovel jgufs unda gadaewyvita, ras daamatebdnen warmodgenili Sefasebis kriteriums ufro maRali Sefasebis misaRebad. magaliTisTvis, Cven erTad SevimuSaveT werilobiTi proeqtis Sefasebis sistema. aman metismetad ambiciuri pasuxebis uaryofis saSualeba momca. Sefasebis standartebis SemuSavebis Semdeg, TiToeulma jgufma imsjela imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra moTxovnebi unda daekmayofilebina proeqts B an A Sefasebis misaRebad. maTi rCevebi gaviTvaliswine da yoveli jgufisTvis cal-calke Camovwere Sefasebis sistema. meore dRes yvela moswavles misi jgufis mier Seqmnili Sefasebis sistema davurige. amrigad, proeqtis daweramde, yvela moswavlem icoda, rogor moxdeboda maTi proeqtebis Sefaseba. rodesac dawerili proeqtebi Sevagrove da saxlSi waviRe, yovel maTgans Sefasebis standarti hqonda mibmuli. Sedegebi moulodnelad gansxvavebuli iyo: namuSevrebi bevrad ukeTesi aRmoCnda, radgan yovelma moswavlem ukve icoda, ra unda gaekeTebina maRali qulis misaRebad; Cveni maRali standartebis Sedegi ukeTesi proeqtebi iyo; miuxedavad imisa, rom SeniSvnebi mainc damWirda, Sefaseba gacilebiT

ioli iyo. mSoblebsac SeeZloT enaxaT, rogor fasdeboda maTi Svilebis namuSevrebi. es procesi yvelasTvis Ria iyo da mis SeqmnaSi moswavleebmac Seitanes wvlili~.* rubrikebi da molodinebi Sefaseba kargi rubrikebi da moswavleebisTvis Sefasebis kriteriumebis winaswar gacnoba arsebiTia samgvari molodinis gadacemisTvis, esenia: `es mniSvnelovania; Sen es SegiZlia; danebebis saSualebas ar mogcem~. moswavleTa namuSevrebis Sedarebis naTeli kriteriumis gareSe, SeuZlebeli iqneba dabali moswrebis moswavleebTan nayofieri ukukavSiris damyareba. Tu maswavlebeli ver gamonaxavs dros aseTi ukukavSirisTvis da ar daexmareba warmatebis misaRwevad mis efeqtian gamoyenebaSi, moswavlem SeiZleba sakuTari uunarobis Sesaxeb gamoitanos daskvna. usamarTlobaa, moswavles xarisxis gaumjobeseba mosTxovo, Tu mas warmodgenac ki ar aqvs, ras gulisxmobs xarisxi. gamudmebiT laparaki imaze, rom isini raRacas ise ver asruleben, rogorc saWiroa, saqmes ver Svelis. naTeli rubrikebi mniSvnelovani standartebis gaTvaliswinebiT da moswavleTa monawileobiT, garkveulwilad Seamcirebs maT ukmayofilebas, romelsac kris gustafsoni waawyda SefasebiTi proeqtis Sesrulebisas. gakveTilis Semdeg moswavlem mas aseTi SekiTxviT mimarTa: `ver gavige, ratom miviRe es niSani~. msgavsi problema awuxebs moswavleTa umravlesobas. zemoT aRwerili procesis warmatebisTvis masSi maswavlebelTa koleqtivis TanamSromloba aris saWiro. arsebiTad, Cven vcdilobT `SevqmnaT profesiuli kultura, sadac maswavleblis mier moswavlis namuSevris anal- usamarTlobaa, moswavles xarisxis gaumjobeseba mosTxovo, Tu mas warmodgenac ki ar aqvs, ras gulisxmobs xarisxi. izi mosalodneli da dafasebulia~ (California Assessment Collaborative, in Jamenetz 1993). aseve mniSvnelovania skolis administratoris an direqtoris rolic maswavleblebisTvis rubrikebis Sesaqmnelad dagegmvis gaadvilebaSi, droisa da sxva resursebis uzrunvelyofaSi. administratori, rogorc `skolis kulturis mSenebeli~ (Saphier and King 1985) arsebiT rols asrulebs avTentikuri Sefasebis SeqmnaSi da swavlebis gaumjobesebis mizniT mis danergvaSi. Cven ganvsazRvreT rubrika da misi Seqmna. vTqviT, rom kargad SemuSavebul rubrikas unda erTvodes moswavlis mier Sesrulebuli davalebebis nimuSi, romelic rubrikis cxrilis Sevsebas gagviadvilebs. axla ganvixiloT, rogor unda SevadginoT is davalebebi, romelTa meSveobiTac SevafasebT, Tu ra icis moswavlem da risi gakeTeba SeuZlia. realuri cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis amsaxveli da mastimulirebeli davalebebi marzanos, pikeringisa da makTaisis (Marzano, Pickering, and McTighe 1993) azriT, avTentikuri Sefaseba gulisxmobs, rom `moswavlem codna da unarebi iseve unda gamoiyenos, rogorc skolis miRma `realur cxovrebaSi~ iyenebs~. `Sefaseba avTentikuria, Tu Cven uSualod vakvirdebiT/vswavlobT moswavlis saqmianobas Sesatyvisi inteleqtualuri amocanebis amoxsnisas~, amatebs viginsi (Wiggins 1993). amrigad, testi moswavlisagan moiTxovs iseTi amocanis amoxsnas, romelic realisturia, kompleqsuri da, SeZlebisdagvarad, aris miaxloe- * ibeWdeba nebarTviT. Gustavson, C. “A Lesson From Stacey.”Educational Leadership 52, no. 2: 22-23. Copyright © 1994 by ASCD. yvela ufleba daculia. 435

Tavi 16<br />

Semdeg modis procesis yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawili: maswavleblebi xelaxla detalurad<br />

amowmeben naSromebs, oRond amjerad detalurad Camoweren yoveli kategoriis maxasiaTeblebs<br />

da rubrikis Tavdapirvel monaxazs qmnian. erT-erTi mecnieri aRniSnavs:<br />

434<br />

standartebze saubrisas Cndeba kiTxva imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad naTlad unda iyos<br />

Camoyalibebuli standartebi. sakmarisia Tu ara imis Tqma, rom moswavlis namuSevarma<br />

unda warmoaCinos `detalebisadmi yuradReba~? Tu unda aRvweroT im detalebis<br />

tipi da raodenoba, romelsac moveliT? TiTqmis eWvgareSea, rom meore kiTxvaze<br />

dadebiTi pasuxi uzrunvelyofs moswavlisa da maswavleblisTvis swavlisa da swavlebis<br />

dagegmvis ukeTes gzamkvlevs, Tumca aranakleb mniSvnelovania pirvel kiTxvaze<br />

SeTanxmebac (Jamentz 1994, p. 38).<br />

Tu <strong>maswavlebeli</strong> gamonaxavs dros da yuradRebiT gaanalizebs yoveli rubrikis dones,<br />

swavlis procesis ufro naTeli suraTi Seiqmneba. ufro advilad dagegmavs im aqtivobebs,<br />

romlebic sasurvel Sedegebs moutans.<br />

`ukudagegmareba~, rogorc mas ted saizeri (Ted Sizer 1992) uwodebs, gulisxmobs jer Sefasebis<br />

sistemis SemuSavebas, Semdeg ki – swavlis im kriteriumebs analizs, romlebic sasurvel<br />

Sedegamde miiyvans moswavles. amrigad, maswavlebelTa jgufis mier mniSvnelovani<br />

koncefciebisa da unarebis avTentikuri Sefasebis Sesaqmnelad gaweuli muSaoba SesaZlebelia<br />

ukeTesi swavlebisTvis gadadgmul nabijebad CavTvaloT. amis axsna ase SeiZleba: Sefasebidan<br />

gamomdinare, <strong>maswavlebeli</strong> ufro kritikulad afasebs TviT swavlebis processac, raTa<br />

darwmundes, namdvilad uwyobs Tu ara is xels sasurveli codnisa da unarebis ganviTarebas.<br />

moswavleTa Cabma rubrikebisa da standartebis SeqmnaSi<br />

jgufurad momuSave maswavleblebis mier standartebis, rubrikebis SemuSavebis da rubrikebis<br />

mixedviT Sesrulebis doneebis dadgenis Semdeg procesSi moswavleebic erTvebian.<br />

moswavleebs SeuZliaT mniSvnelovani roli Seasrulon mosalodneli naSromis Sesafasebeli<br />

kriteriumebis dadgenaSi da am procesSi monawileobiT ukeT gaigon miznebi da maTi miRwevis<br />

ufro meti stimuli gauCndeT. kris gustafsonma (Chris Gustafson 1994) moswavleebis monawileobiT<br />

gansazRvra Temis – `imigracia~ - standartebi:<br />

bavSvebs Temebis sia SevTavaze da vTxove, erT-erTi maTgani aerCiaT. meore dRes moswavleebi,<br />

romlebmac erTi da igive Temebi airCies, dajgufdnen da am Temebis codnis<br />

Sesafasebeli standartebis SemuSaveba daevalaT. Semdeg avuxseni, rom Cems mier<br />

nimuSad SeTavazebuli namuSevari C quliT iyo Sefasebuli. yovel jgufs unda gadaewyvita,<br />

ras daamatebdnen warmodgenili Sefasebis kriteriums ufro maRali Sefasebis<br />

misaRebad. magaliTisTvis, Cven erTad SevimuSaveT werilobiTi proeqtis Sefasebis<br />

sistema. aman metismetad ambiciuri pasuxebis uaryofis saSualeba momca.<br />

Sefasebis standartebis SemuSavebis Semdeg, TiToeulma jgufma imsjela imis Sesaxeb,<br />

Tu ra moTxovnebi unda daekmayofilebina proeqts B an A Sefasebis misaRebad.<br />

maTi rCevebi gaviTvaliswine da yoveli jgufisTvis cal-calke Camovwere Sefasebis<br />

sistema. meore dRes yvela moswavles misi jgufis mier Seqmnili Sefasebis sistema<br />

davurige.<br />

amrigad, proeqtis daweramde, yvela moswavlem icoda, rogor moxdeboda maTi proeqtebis<br />

Sefaseba. rodesac dawerili proeqtebi Sevagrove da saxlSi waviRe, yovel<br />

maTgans Sefasebis standarti hqonda mibmuli. Sedegebi moulodnelad gansxvavebuli<br />

iyo: namuSevrebi bevrad ukeTesi aRmoCnda, radgan yovelma moswavlem ukve icoda, ra<br />

unda gaekeTebina maRali qulis misaRebad; Cveni maRali standartebis Sedegi ukeTesi<br />

proeqtebi iyo; miuxedavad imisa, rom SeniSvnebi mainc damWirda, Sefaseba gacilebiT

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