gamocdili maswavlebeli
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gamocdili maswavlebeli

gamocdili maswavlebeli gamocdili maswavlebeli

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Tavi 14 danarCenebi ki verasodes mivlen iq damoukideblad. amrigad, isev ismis mTavari SekiTxva: iyo Tu ara mizani naTeli? maswavleblis mier Catarebuli zemoaRniSnuli RonisZiebebis Tvalis gadavlebiT, SegviZlia Tu ara davaskvnaT, ra unda scodnodaT an SesZlebodaT Semswavlelebs sabolood? SesaZloa, maswavlebelma miznebi gansazRvra, rac arc Tu ise rTuli saqmea, anda sadme wignSi amoikiTxa, an samuSao rveulSi CainiSna (swavlebis procesSi esec dasafasebelia), magram jer kidev ar aris yvelaferi. damkvirvebelma (an TviTdamkvirvebelma) unda SeZlos gareSe piris TvaliT gadaxedos gakveTilis mTel msvlelobas da ifiqros: `nanaxidan da gagonilidan Cans, rom mizania moswavleebma SeZlon nawarmoebis garCeva (dadebiTi gmiri, uaryofiTi gmiri, kvanZis Sekvra, siuJeti, kulminacia, Tema) da daasaxelon magaliTebi nawarmoebidan, romelic wasakiTxad hqondaT~. SeiZleba mizani sityvasityviT ar ganmartos maswavlebelma, magram aSkara iyos moswavleebisTvis. maT unda icodnen, ra aris mizani, maTac unda SeZlon miznis Sesaxeb saubari gakveTilis dasrulebisas. aqve SevniSnavT, rom garda xiluli miznebisa, SeiZleba faruli miznebic arsebobdes, magaliTad: ramdenime moswavle sxvebs Sekreba-gamoklebaSi avarjiSebs, cxadia, rom mizani klasSi koordinirebuli muSaoba da sxvebis daxmarebaa. pirvelklaseli (!) deidre izolirebulad zis kubebis grovasTan (Tumca kubebisken ar ixedeba). uecrad ismis maswavleblis SeniSvna da vxedavT mis Jestikulacias, riTac vaskvniT, rom is deidres mimarTavs: mialage! tyuilad gaqvs ukmayofilo saxe! ar ici, ra aris Seni movaleoba? amrigad, maswavlebli deidresTan dakavSirebiT danarCeni klasisgan sruliad gansxvavebul mizans isaxavda. sakiTxis kvlevisas aRmovaCineT, rom SekiTxvaze – `iyo Tu ara mizani naTeli?~ – SeiZleba arsebobdes ramdenime pasuxi: `diax~, `ara~, `bundovani iyo~. Camouyalibebeli an Zalze bundovani miznebi saxezea, Tu: gakveTilze gabneulad, araTanamimdevrulad msjeloben mocemuli masalis garSemo an am masalas saerTod ar exebian, msjelobisas mniSvnelovan detalebs ar ukavSireben erTmaneTTs an ganvlil masalasTan dakavSireba, moswavleebi did energias xarjaven im masalaze, rac ukve gaiares da dauflebis donesac miaRwies. am ukanasknels ganmtkicebis process ver vuwodebT, radgan ganmtkicebasac Tavisi adgili unda hqondes da iseT masalasTan dakavSirebiT unda xdebodes, romelsac realurad sWirdeba ganmtkiceba. 372 sirTulis ra donis daZlevaa mizanSewonili? `arc Zalze cxelia da arc Zalze civi, swored rom zomieria, Tqva qoldiloksma Dda sul gaaTava kuTvnili ulufa~. Bvidre jei makviker hanTi (J. McVicker Hunt 1961) daamkvidrebda termins, `Sesabamisobis problema~, ganmanaTleblebi cdilobdnen, rom moswavleTaTvis arc Zalian rTuli samuSao miecaT da arc metismetad advili, magram imdenad rTuli ki unda yofiliyo, rom isini daZabuli Sromis Sedegad gadaadgilebuliyvnen codnis skalaze optimaluri manZiliT. Sesabamisi sirTulis SesarCevad, maswavlebelma kidev erTxel unda gaarkvios, sad imyofebian misi moswavleebi da dasvas kiTxva: `ra sirTulis lukma SeiZleba SevTavazo, rom moxdes maTi codnis morigi zrda?~ magaliTad, dawyebiTi klasebis bavSvebs maswavlebelma SeiZleba `lukma~ daunawevros _ nawil-nawil miawodos SesaTvisebeli masala, bolos ki, imave gakveTilze, saerTo mniSvnelis gamoyvaniT, Seajamebinos es nawilebi. bavSvebi maSinve aiTviseben yvelafers. meTerTmeteklasel moswavleebs germaniis istoriis gakveTilze bismarkis sityvaze – `sisxli da rkina~ _ msjelobisas, SeuZliaT ara mxolod paraleli gaavlon am sityvis istoriul fonsa da mis Sinaarss Soris, aramed, mis safuZvelze, imsjelon bismarkis xasiaTze. Tu fiqrobT, rom sirTulis daZlevis sakiTxi individualuria, marTali brZandebiT. individualuria erTdroulad asaTvisebeli Sesaswavli sakiTxebis raodenoba da midgoma – ra zomis nawilebad davyoT masala, rom gaviTvaliswinoT rogorc individebis, ise jgufis in-

miznebi teresebi. termini `individualuri~ SeiZleba gulisxmobdes kidev mravali aspeqtiT gansxvavebul midgomas (ix. Tavi 15), romelic umeteswilad swavlebis procesis warmarTvas ukav- Sirdeba. Cven ukve visaubreT, ris da ramdenis swavleba SeiZleba davisaxoT miznad, magram ar gvisaubria, rogor unda vaswavloT. rogor gavarkvioT, rom miwodebuli masalis zoma mizanSewonilia iyo jgufisTvis? Sesa- Zloa, Tavidan rTuli dasaZlevi iyo, magram Semdeg siaxles alRo auRes, moswavleTa SekiTxvebis Semdeg naTeli moefina manamde Znelad gasageb sakiTxebs. magram roca moswavleebi dabneulobis dasafarad `diax~ replikiT gvexmianebian, an Canawerebis CaniSvniT arian gar- Tuli, realoba Znelad aRsaqmelia, Tumca, uaryofiT Sedegs mainc SevamCnevT: dabneuloba, daTrgunuloba, imedgacrueba da Semawuxebeli dumili gasdevs fonad Zalze rTul (an araadekvaturad gadacemul) masalas; Zalian advili samuSaos Sesrulebisas ki moswavleebi erTmaneTTan saubroben, aqeT-iqiT ixedebian, saqmes ugulisyurod ekidebian (miuxedavad amisa, advili davaleba bolos mainc unda Semowmdes). isic SesaZlebelia, rom zemoxsenebuli, uaryofiTi SedegisTvis damaxasiaTebeli moqmedebebi arc SeiniSnebodes, magram miznebi mainc ar iyos moswavleze orientirebuli. am Sem- TxvevaSi saWiroa moswavleTa SesaZleblobebis codna, swori daskvnis gamosatanad ki unda ganvsazRvroT, ramdenad Seesabameba es SesaZleblobebi maswavleblis mier wamoyenebul moTxovnebs. swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, swavlebis yvela atributTan erTad, misawodebeli masalis zomis SesarCevad, kargad unda vicnobdeT moswavleebs da Tavad masalis konteqsts. saidan iRebs saTaves miznebi? saswavlo gegmis Sedgenisas yovelTvis Cndeba kiTxva: `ra unda vaswavloT?~ es SekiTxva ismis ori mwvave problemis mimarT: (1) vin unda gadawyvitos, Tu ra vaswavloT da ra iswavlebodes? da (2) ra aris mniSvnelovani da, Sesabamisad, ra Seva programaSi? am kiTxvebze sapasuxod, davakvirdeT miznebis wyaroebs klasSi. pirveladi wyaroebis (moswavle, maswavlebeli, avtoritetuli wyaro an jgufi) meSveobiT gavigebT, Tu vin iRebs gadawyvetilebas. xolo meoreuli wyaroebis meSveobiT gavarkvevT, programis SemdgenelTa azriT, risi swavlebaa mniSvnelovani. pirveladi wyaroebi yvela miznis oTxi pirveladi wyarodan erT-erTi SeiZleba Seesatyvisebodes: ¤ moswavle. moswavles ainteresebs bayayebi da gombeSoebi da unda, rom maT Sesaxeb yvelaferi iswavlos. ¤ maswavlebeli. is, rac maswavlebels Rirebulad miaCnia, SeiZleba mis miznebad iqces mxolod misi gonebrivi wyobis, warsulis, midrekilebis, gamocdilebis an piradi ar- Cevanis gamo. mag.: Tu maswavlebels Zalian ainteresebs veSapebi da am sakiTxSi gansakuTrebiT aris gaTviTcnobierebuli, SeuZlia, es codna moswavleebsac gauziaros da Sesabamisi sakiTxebi saswavlo gegmaSi CarTos. Tu maswavlebels aqvs gamocdileba musikis sferoSi, SeiZleba misi mizani saorkestro instrumentebis gacnobas ukavSirdebodes. Tu maswavlebeli afasebs kritikul azrovnebas da is ganaTlebuli adamianis mniSvnelovan maxasiaTeblad miaCnia, SeuZlia moswavleebSi kritikuli azrovnebis gamomuSaveba Tavis uSualo miznad aqcios. ¤ avtoriteti. mravali mizani gareSe avtoritetebidan gamomdinareobs: teqstidan, erovnuli saswavlo gegmidan, sistemidan, savarjiSoebis krebulidan an maswavleblis 373

Tavi 14<br />

danarCenebi ki verasodes mivlen iq damoukideblad.<br />

amrigad, isev ismis mTavari SekiTxva: iyo Tu ara mizani naTeli? maswavleblis mier Catarebuli<br />

zemoaRniSnuli RonisZiebebis Tvalis gadavlebiT, SegviZlia Tu ara davaskvnaT, ra<br />

unda scodnodaT an SesZlebodaT Semswavlelebs sabolood? SesaZloa, maswavlebelma miznebi<br />

gansazRvra, rac arc Tu ise rTuli saqmea, anda sadme wignSi amoikiTxa, an samuSao rveulSi<br />

CainiSna (swavlebis procesSi esec dasafasebelia), magram jer kidev ar aris yvelaferi. damkvirvebelma<br />

(an TviTdamkvirvebelma) unda SeZlos gareSe piris TvaliT gadaxedos gakveTilis<br />

mTel msvlelobas da ifiqros: `nanaxidan da gagonilidan Cans, rom mizania moswavleebma<br />

SeZlon nawarmoebis garCeva (dadebiTi gmiri, uaryofiTi gmiri, kvanZis Sekvra, siuJeti,<br />

kulminacia, Tema) da daasaxelon magaliTebi nawarmoebidan, romelic wasakiTxad hqondaT~.<br />

SeiZleba mizani sityvasityviT ar ganmartos maswavlebelma, magram aSkara iyos moswavleebisTvis.<br />

maT unda icodnen, ra aris mizani, maTac unda SeZlon miznis Sesaxeb saubari gakveTilis<br />

dasrulebisas. aqve SevniSnavT, rom garda xiluli miznebisa, SeiZleba faruli miznebic<br />

arsebobdes, magaliTad: ramdenime moswavle sxvebs Sekreba-gamoklebaSi avarjiSebs, cxadia,<br />

rom mizani klasSi koordinirebuli muSaoba da sxvebis daxmarebaa. pirvelklaseli (!) deidre<br />

izolirebulad zis kubebis grovasTan (Tumca kubebisken ar ixedeba). uecrad ismis maswavleblis<br />

SeniSvna da vxedavT mis Jestikulacias, riTac vaskvniT, rom is deidres mimarTavs: mialage!<br />

tyuilad gaqvs ukmayofilo saxe! ar ici, ra aris Seni movaleoba? amrigad, maswavlebli<br />

deidresTan dakavSirebiT danarCeni klasisgan sruliad gansxvavebul mizans isaxavda.<br />

sakiTxis kvlevisas aRmovaCineT, rom SekiTxvaze – `iyo Tu ara mizani naTeli?~ – SeiZleba<br />

arsebobdes ramdenime pasuxi: `diax~, `ara~, `bundovani iyo~. Camouyalibebeli an Zalze bundovani<br />

miznebi saxezea, Tu: gakveTilze gabneulad, araTanamimdevrulad msjeloben mocemuli<br />

masalis garSemo an am masalas saerTod ar exebian, msjelobisas mniSvnelovan detalebs<br />

ar ukavSireben erTmaneTTs an ganvlil masalasTan dakavSireba, moswavleebi did energias<br />

xarjaven im masalaze, rac ukve gaiares da dauflebis donesac miaRwies. am ukanasknels ganmtkicebis<br />

process ver vuwodebT, radgan ganmtkicebasac Tavisi adgili unda hqondes da iseT<br />

masalasTan dakavSirebiT unda xdebodes, romelsac realurad sWirdeba ganmtkiceba.<br />

372<br />

sirTulis ra donis daZlevaa mizanSewonili?<br />

`arc Zalze cxelia da arc Zalze civi, swored rom zomieria, Tqva qoldiloksma Dda sul<br />

gaaTava kuTvnili ulufa~. Bvidre jei makviker hanTi (J. McVicker Hunt 1961) daamkvidrebda<br />

termins, `Sesabamisobis problema~, ganmanaTleblebi cdilobdnen, rom moswavleTaTvis arc<br />

Zalian rTuli samuSao miecaT da arc metismetad advili, magram imdenad rTuli ki unda yofiliyo,<br />

rom isini daZabuli Sromis Sedegad gadaadgilebuliyvnen codnis skalaze optimaluri<br />

manZiliT. Sesabamisi sirTulis SesarCevad, maswavlebelma kidev erTxel unda gaarkvios,<br />

sad imyofebian misi moswavleebi da dasvas kiTxva: `ra sirTulis lukma SeiZleba SevTavazo,<br />

rom moxdes maTi codnis morigi zrda?~ magaliTad, dawyebiTi klasebis bavSvebs maswavlebelma<br />

SeiZleba `lukma~ daunawevros _ nawil-nawil miawodos SesaTvisebeli masala, bolos<br />

ki, imave gakveTilze, saerTo mniSvnelis gamoyvaniT, Seajamebinos es nawilebi. bavSvebi maSinve<br />

aiTviseben yvelafers. meTerTmeteklasel moswavleebs germaniis istoriis gakveTilze<br />

bismarkis sityvaze – `sisxli da rkina~ _ msjelobisas, SeuZliaT ara mxolod paraleli gaavlon<br />

am sityvis istoriul fonsa da mis Sinaarss Soris, aramed, mis safuZvelze, imsjelon<br />

bismarkis xasiaTze.<br />

Tu fiqrobT, rom sirTulis daZlevis sakiTxi individualuria, marTali brZandebiT. individualuria<br />

erTdroulad asaTvisebeli Sesaswavli sakiTxebis raodenoba da midgoma – ra<br />

zomis nawilebad davyoT masala, rom gaviTvaliswinoT rogorc individebis, ise jgufis in-

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