gamocdili maswavlebeli
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gamocdili maswavlebeli

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molodinebi<br />

amerikuli paradigma `inteleqti → miRweva~ mcdari da imavdroulad Cveni skolebis wamyvani<br />

principia. mas eTanxmeba arc meti arc naklebi, loran rezniki (Lauren Resnick), qveynis masStabiT<br />

Sefasebis erovnuli standartebis Seqmnis proeqtis xelmZRvaneli:<br />

ra kavSiria unarsa da Zalisxmevas Soris? am saukunis dasawyisSi ganaTlebis<br />

sistema im varaudze avageT, rom unari swavlaSi pirvelxarisxovania da is<br />

mniSvnelovanwilad memkvidreobiTia. sistema orientirebuli iyo SerCevaze,<br />

bunebiT dajildoebulebis naklebad dajildoebulebisgan garCevaze da<br />

maTi talantis Sesatyvisi programebiT uzrunvelyofaze. sxva periodebSi,<br />

ufro metad ki `didi sazogadoebis~ reformebis dros makompensirebeli principis<br />

mixedviT vmuSaobdiT, vamtkicebdiT, rom individisa Tu institutis mier<br />

gaweul gansakuTrebul Zalisxmevas dabali unaris daZleva SeeZlo. mesame Sesa-<br />

Zleblobas, rom Zalisxmeva marTlac qmnis unars, rom moswavleebi SeiZleba sxartebi<br />

gaxdnen sworad SerCeul saswavlo davalebebze Tavdauzogavi muSaobis<br />

Sedegad, arasdros seriozulad ar uyurebdnen amerikaSi an metic, nebismier evropul<br />

sazogadoebaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom es mTavari saganmanaTleblo daSvebaa<br />

konfucis tradiciebis mqone sazogadoebebSi. 2 [unariT SezRudul amgvar<br />

SexedulebaSi] moswavleebi ar cdiloben dabali molodinebis barieris garRvevas,<br />

radgan isini TavianTi maswavleblebisa da mSoblebis msgavsad iziareben<br />

azrs, rom unari umTavresia da maT saTanado unari ara aqvT. gasakviri ar aris,<br />

rom maTi moswreba kvlav arasaxarbielo rCeba. im bavSvebs, romelTac momTxovni,<br />

rTuli, azrovnebaze agebuli kurikulumiT ar aswavlian, cudi Sedegebi aqvT<br />

azrovnebisa Tu problemaTa gadaWraze agebul testebze muSaobisas, rac adasturebs<br />

Cvens Tavdapirvel eWvs, rom maT ara aqvT amgvari azrovnebis niWi. sistema<br />

TviTmtkicebadia, sadac SeniRbuli varaudebi ganuwyvetliv marTldeba TviT<br />

am varaudebze dafuZnebuli gamocdilebis SedegebiT.<br />

saWiro ar aris am gziT gavagrZeloT siaruli. unari skolebis organizebis<br />

erTaderTi safuZveli rodia. saganmanaTleblo institutebi SesaZlebelia aigos<br />

alternatiul daSvebaze, rom Zalisxmeva faqtobrivad qmnis unars. Cveni saganmanaTleblo<br />

sistema SesaZlebelia ZiriTadad Zalisxmevis xelSewyobaze aigos<br />

(Resnick 1995).<br />

am avtorTa naSromebis safuZvelze SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom swored maswavleblis Rrma<br />

rwmena, rom yvela moswavles namdvilad SeuZlia rTuli<br />

saswavlo samuSaos Sesruleba maRali standartebis Se- arsebiTad Zalisxmeva qmnis unars.<br />

sabamisad, aris gadamwyveti yvela moswavlisTvis maRali<br />

dadebiTi molodinebis matarebeli Setyobinebebis<br />

gadacemisas. miuxedavad Cveni genetikuri memkvidreobisa, Cven yvela daujereblad rTul<br />

analitikur amocanas varTmevT Tavs _ sami wlis asakSi metyvelebas viwyebT, Semdeg yvelas<br />

sakmarisad gviWris goneba saswavlo davalebis kargad Sesasruleblad _ es efeqtiani Zalisxmevis<br />

Sedegia. aq sakvanZo sityva efeqtiania. mxolod meti Zalisxmeva warmatebis garantia<br />

ar gaxlavT.<br />

2 am ganzogadebidan gamonaklisi SesaZloa alfred bine, 1908 wels Semecnebaze dafuZnebuli pirveli IQ testis Semqmnelia,<br />

romelmac Tqva, rom: `inteleqti mgrZnobiarea ganviTarebis mimarT; varjiSiTa da wvrTniT, gansakuTrebiT ki, swavlebi sa-<br />

Tanado meTodebiT SegviZlia gavzardoT bavSvis yuradReba, mexsiereba, azrovneba – davexmaroT gaxdes ufro Wkviani, vidre<br />

iyo~. inteleqti ar aris myari, ucvleli, an platonuri, SezRuduli arsi. inteleqti `wvrTnadia~ (educable). is `gonebrivi or-<br />

Topediis~ momxre iyo, romelic bavSvebs ukeT dakvirvebas, mosmenas, damaxsovrebasa da msjelobas aswavlis; isini Tavdajerebulobas,<br />

konkurenciis unars, simtkices, warmatebis miRwevis survilsa da yvela im saukeTeso gancdas iZenen, romelic Tan<br />

sdevs qmedebas; maT gansakuTrebiT nebisyofis ufro intensiuri gamovlena unda vaswavloT; nebisyofa nebismieri ganaTlebis<br />

gasaRebia.)<br />

299

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