gamocdili maswavlebeli
gamocdili maswavlebeli gamocdili maswavlebeli
Tavi 11 maswavleblebi klass ase mimarTavdnen: `sakmaod didxans asulelebdiT adamianebs. viciT, rom goneba giWriT da kargad swavla SegiZliaT. gvjera, rom Tqveni momavlisTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania, isev mogcemT Tu ara cudad swavlis nebas. ase rom, am wels ise unda imuSaoT, rogorc arasodes gimuSaviaT da ise unda iswavloT, rogorc arasdros giswavliT~. aseTi midgomis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad gaizarda moswavleTa tempi, davalebebis sirTule da moTxovnebi da swavlebis intensivoba. wlis bolosTvis maTma umravlesobam ori wlis saswavlo Sinaarsi daZlia. dabali moswrebis moswavleebisTvis standartebis, molodinebisa da swavlebis intensivobis `amaRlebis~ amgvar praqtikas `akademiuri wiTeli perangis gadacma~ (academic redshirting) ewodeba da kidev erTxel iCina Tavi henri levinis (Henry Levin) `daCqarebul skolebSi~ (Hopfenberg da sxvebi, 1993). Cveni mizania, jgufis formirebis kriteriumis miuxedavad, jgufis farglebSi TviT dajgufebis faqtis Sesaxeb maswavleblebisa da moswavleTa saukeTeso gamocdilebis, damokidebulebisa da Sexedulebebis cnobili magaliTi SemogTavazoT. SeerTebul StatebSi monitoringis Sesaxeb Catarebulma kvlevebma (Oakes 1985) daasabuTa, rom dabali moswrebis moswavleebi sistematurad awydebian dabal molodinebs, swavlis dabali moswrebis moswavleebisaTvis stand nakleb SesaZleblobebs, naklebad saintereso artebisa da molodinebis amaRlebas `akademi masalas da naklebad saintereso swavlebas. uri wiTeli perangis gadacma~ ewodeba. kvlevebma aseve aCvena, rom feradkaniani, gansakuTrebiT ki qalaqSi mcxovrebi moswavleebi, kidev ufro araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi arian. rekomendaciebi saSualo skolaSi monitoringze uaris Tqmisa da heterogenuri dajgufebis Sesaxeb saqmes didad ver Svelis. struqturis Secvla swavlebis, maswavleblisa da moswavleebis rwmenisa da damokidebulebis Secvlis gareSe verafers gviSvelis. (am ganzogadebidan erTi gamonaklisi SeiZleba iyos dabali donis monitoringis mospoba mravalmimarTulebian skolebSi da momdevno, ufro maRali donis monitoringis, standartebisa da molodinebis gamoyeneba dabali monitoringis moswavleTa mimarT.) heterogenuli dajgufebebis Sesaxeb Catarebuli kvlevebiT, romlebic sinTezirebulia mTeli rigi originaluri kvlevebis (Slavin 1988 & Gamoran 1992) safuZvelze, dasturdeba, rom mTliani saSualo miRweva moswavleebisa monitoringis mqone da armqone skolebSi daaxloebiT erTnairia da literaturaSi `produqtiuloba~ ewodeba. monitoringis mqone skolebi ufro `produqtiulebi~ ar arian, vidre monitoringis armqone da, piriqiT. Tumca monitoringis mqone skolebSi moswavleTa miRwevebis ufro farTo diapazoni SeiniSneba, vidre monitoringis armqoneSi. monitoringis mqone zogierT skolaSi maRali moswrebis moswavleTa warmateba, SesaZloa, daCqarebuli programiT aixsnas (an ufrosebis rwmeniT, romlebic maTgan warmatebas elian). dabali monitoringis mqone moswavleebi monitoringis mqone skolaSi ufro cudad swavloben, vidre yvelaze arasaxarbielo moswrebis mqone moswavleebi monitoringis armqone skolaSi. garegnulad, SesaZloa mogveCvenos, rom dabali moswrebis mqone moswavleebisTvis monitoringis uqonloba sasargebloa, magram xels uSlis maRali SesaZleblobebis mqone moswavleebs TavianTi potencialis srul gamoyenebaSi. calkeuli kvlevebidan viciT, rom dabali moswrebis mqone moswavleebs monitorignis mqone skolebSi dajgufebis, daCqarebuli programebisa da warmatebis maRali molodinebis safuZvelze warmatebis miRweva SeuZliaT. aseve viciT, rom monitoringis armqone garemoSi yvelaze unariani moswavleebi swavlebis saxecvlilebiT SeiZleba Sesatyvisi sirTuleebis winaSe davayenoT. 294 amrigad, daskvnebi naTelia: ¤ gamovricxoT dabali monitoringi (bottom track) iq, sadac mravalferovani monitoringi gvaqvs.
¤ davexmaroT maswavleblebs am TavSi mocemuli rwmenebisa da qcevebis aTvisebaSi, raTa ¤ davexmaroT maswavlebelebs swavlebis repertuaris saxecvlilebaSi, maRali monitor- molodinebi maT SeZlon dadebiTi molodinebis Setyobineba yvela moswavlisTvis. ingis (top track) gauqmebasa da mravali moswavlis CarTvaSi ise, rom xeli ar SeuSalon maRali moswrebis individebs sakuTari SesaZleblobebis srulfasovan gamovlenaSi. axla vnaxoT dawyebiT skolaSi Catarebuli kvlevebis monacemebi. dawyebiT klasebSi monitoringi did gavlenas ver axdens verc maRali da verc dabali moswrebis moswavleebze. slavinis (Slavin 1992) azriT, SesaZlo mizezi albaT is gaxlavT, rom dawyebiT klasebSi monitoringi didad ver amcirebs namdvil heterogenurobas. mravali avtori varaudobs, rom TviTSefasebisa da motivaciisTvis miyenebuli ziani, romelsac dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebi ganicdian, Rrma da xangrZlivia da Tavs mogvianebiT, saSualo skolaSi iCens. amrigad, dawyebiT klasebSi moswavleTa monitoringi arafris momtania. erT-erTi gamonaklisi Semdeg- Si mdgomareobs: calkeuli kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom `niWierma~ moswavleebma, SesaZloa dawyebiT klasebSi homogenuri dajgufebiT upiratesoba moipovon. SesaZloa, maTi moTxovnebi standartul klasSi diferencirebuli swavlebiT daakmayofilon Sesatyvisi repertuaris mqone maswavleblebma. `monitoringi~ da `klasTaSorisi dajgufeba~ niSnavs, rom moswavleebi dajgufebuli arian SesaZleblobebisa da winare saqmianobis safuZvelze. monitoringi ufro imaze mianiSnebs, rom moswavleebi zogadi unarebis mixedviT arian `daxarisxebuli~ da dajgufebuli yvela saswavlo kursis erTad gasavlelad. naklebad xist saskolo struqturebSi moswavleebs Seu- ZliaT SearCion zogierT saganSi ufro maRali monitoringis mqone, xolo zogierTSi ufro dabali monitoringis mqone kursebi. termini `klasTaSorisi dajgufeba~ ufro xSirad dawyebiT skolaSi gamoiyeneba da niSnavs, rom moswavleebi Sesatyvis klasebSi SesaZleblobebis mixedviT arian ganawilebuli. klasis SigniT dajgufeba warmoadgens moswavleTa droebiT dajgufebas zogierTi unars, koncefciis an operaciisTvis; es dajgufebebi homogenuria samuSaosadmi mzaobiTa da moTxovniT. am saxis droebiTi dajgufebis Sesaxeb kvlevaTa monacemebi erTmniSvnelovnad dadebiTia, Tu warmodgenilia Semdegi oTxi piroba: 1. moswavleebi heterogenurad arian dajgufebulni dRis umetes periodSi. 2. dajgufeba amcirebs heterogenurobas calkeuli saswavlo unarisTvis. 3. dajgufeba moqnilia. 4. maswavlebeli swavlebis tempsa da dones moswavleTa mzaobasa da swavlis siCqares usadagebs. joplinis gegmas (Joplin plan), romelic iSviaTad gamoiyeneba, mraval kvlevaSi erTmniSvnelovnad dadebiTi Sedegebi aqvs. es gegma dawyebiT skolaSi dajgufebis modelia, sadac moswavleebi mTeli skolis masStabiT garkveuli droiT jgufdebian klasisa da asakis miuxedavad. joplinis gegmis danergva moiTxovs organizaciis, liderobisa da maswavlebelTa komunikaciis maRal dones _ pirobebs, romelic mraval skolaSi ubralod ar arsebobs. ra daskvnebis gakeTeba SegviZlia dajgufebaTa Sesaxeb kvlevebis safuZvelze? pirveli, periodulad, roca calkeul moswavleebs damatebiTi swavleba an varjiSi sWirdebaT (maT Soris ufros klasebSic), konkretuli sakiTxebis swavlebis mizniT da zemoxsenebuli oTxi pirobis dacviT, klasis SigniT dajgufeba unda gamoviyenoT. amgvar dajgufebamde danar- Ceni moswavleebisTvis unda movamzadoT savarjiSoebi, raTa uzrunvelvyoT maTi CarTuloba da progresis Sesaxeb ukukavSiri. maswavlebels unda hqondes sivrcis, drois, rutinisa da tempis menejmentis kargad SemuSavebuli repertuari da dagegmvis unar-Cvevebi, raTa SeZlos miznebis, saswavlo gamocdilebisa da Sefasebis SerCeva. (90-wuTiani periodebi an ganvrco- 295
- Page 244 and 245: Tavi 9 244 CRM Books, 1970. Webb, N
- Page 247 and 248: swavlebis modelebi momavali maswavl
- Page 249 and 250: swavlebis modelebi tbaze Tevzaobis
- Page 251 and 252: l i d wvero i f kuTxis gverdi e r k
- Page 253 and 254: swavlebis modelebi ganixileT 10.2 s
- Page 255 and 256: sineqtikis modeli swavlebis modeleb
- Page 257 and 258: swavlebis modelebi koleqtiuri kvlev
- Page 259: swavlebis modelebi deba. modelebi T
- Page 262 and 263: Tavi 10 262 literatura Joyce,B.R.an
- Page 264 and 265: Tavi 10 264 wyaro: moZraoba) daniSn
- Page 267: 11 molodinebi rogor gavagebinoT mos
- Page 270 and 271: Tavi 11 270 1. xels ar Cagaqnevineb
- Page 272 and 273: Tavi 11 272 5. modelirebuli. amgvar
- Page 274 and 275: Tavi 11 beli moswavleTa asakis Sesa
- Page 276 and 277: Tavi 11 vas kargavs, SesaZloa indiv
- Page 278 and 279: Tavi 11 278 4. daJineba. `rogorc we
- Page 280 and 281: Tavi 11 ¤ dadastureba: `hoo”. ¤
- Page 282 and 283: Tavi 11 sakuTari Tavis rwmenisa da
- Page 284 and 285: Tavi 11 pasuxis ZiebaSi saxes manWa
- Page 286 and 287: Tavi 11 meore nawyvetSi maswavlebel
- Page 288 and 289: Tavi 11 moTxovnis~ sakuTari gzebi g
- Page 290 and 291: Tavi 11 bal unarad. magaliTad, ¤ `
- Page 292 and 293: Tavi 11 moswavles SeuZlia maRali st
- Page 296 and 297: Tavi 11 bili gakveTilis sxva konfig
- Page 298 and 299: Tavi 11 298 Sejameba damkvirvebelma
- Page 300 and 301: Tavi 11 moswavlis unarze aseTi Sexe
- Page 303 and 304: m o l o d i n e b i - S e j a m e b
- Page 305 and 306: m o l o d i n e b i - s a v a r j i
- Page 307 and 308: globaluri rwmenis sistemebi `Cemi,
- Page 309 and 310: molodinebi Hopfenberg, Wendy S., et
- Page 311: 12 pirovnuli urTierTobis damyareba
- Page 314 and 315: Tavi 12 amas garda, maswavlebelma s
- Page 316 and 317: Tavi 12 316 realuroba zogjer maswav
- Page 319: p i r o v n u l i u r T i e r T o b
- Page 322 and 323: Tavi 12 322 literatura Allender, J.
- Page 325 and 326: saklaso garemo saklaso garemos Sesa
- Page 327 and 328: as niSnavs saklaso klimati? saklaso
- Page 329 and 330: 1. sxvaTa gacnoba: `me vicnob am ad
- Page 331 and 332: saklaso garemo Cavmdgariyavi wreSi~
- Page 333 and 334: damtvreuli kvadratebi miTiTebebi da
- Page 335 and 336: saklaso garemo saWiroa moswavleebma
- Page 337 and 338: saklaso garemo moswavlis riskianobi
- Page 339 and 340: saklaso garemo rad gagebis mizezs.
- Page 341 and 342: saklaso garemo aqtivobaTa sxva mrav
- Page 343 and 344: saklaso garemo daxmareba. mas SeuZl
Tavi 11<br />
maswavleblebi klass ase mimarTavdnen: `sakmaod didxans asulelebdiT adamianebs. viciT, rom<br />
goneba giWriT da kargad swavla SegiZliaT. gvjera, rom Tqveni momavlisTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania,<br />
isev mogcemT Tu ara cudad swavlis nebas. ase rom, am wels ise unda imuSaoT,<br />
rogorc arasodes gimuSaviaT da ise unda iswavloT, rogorc arasdros giswavliT~.<br />
aseTi midgomis Sedegad mniSvnelovnad gaizarda moswavleTa tempi, davalebebis sirTule<br />
da moTxovnebi da swavlebis intensivoba. wlis bolosTvis maTma umravlesobam ori wlis saswavlo<br />
Sinaarsi daZlia.<br />
dabali moswrebis moswavleebisTvis standartebis, molodinebisa da swavlebis intensivobis<br />
`amaRlebis~ amgvar praqtikas `akademiuri wiTeli perangis gadacma~ (academic redshirting)<br />
ewodeba da kidev erTxel iCina Tavi henri levinis (Henry Levin) `daCqarebul skolebSi~<br />
(Hopfenberg da sxvebi, 1993). Cveni mizania, jgufis formirebis kriteriumis miuxedavad, jgufis<br />
farglebSi TviT dajgufebis faqtis Sesaxeb maswavleblebisa da moswavleTa saukeTeso<br />
gamocdilebis, damokidebulebisa da Sexedulebebis cnobili magaliTi SemogTavazoT.<br />
SeerTebul StatebSi monitoringis Sesaxeb Catarebulma kvlevebma (Oakes 1985) daasabuTa,<br />
rom dabali moswrebis moswavleebi sistematurad<br />
awydebian dabal molodinebs, swavlis<br />
dabali moswrebis moswavleebisaTvis stand<br />
nakleb SesaZleblobebs, naklebad saintereso<br />
artebisa da molodinebis amaRlebas `akademi<br />
masalas da naklebad saintereso swavlebas.<br />
uri wiTeli perangis gadacma~ ewodeba.<br />
kvlevebma aseve aCvena, rom feradkaniani,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ki qalaqSi mcxovrebi moswavleebi,<br />
kidev ufro araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi arian. rekomendaciebi saSualo skolaSi<br />
monitoringze uaris Tqmisa da heterogenuri dajgufebis Sesaxeb saqmes didad ver Svelis.<br />
struqturis Secvla swavlebis, maswavleblisa da moswavleebis rwmenisa da damokidebulebis<br />
Secvlis gareSe verafers gviSvelis. (am ganzogadebidan erTi gamonaklisi SeiZleba iyos dabali<br />
donis monitoringis mospoba mravalmimarTulebian skolebSi da momdevno, ufro maRali<br />
donis monitoringis, standartebisa da molodinebis gamoyeneba dabali monitoringis moswavleTa<br />
mimarT.)<br />
heterogenuli dajgufebebis Sesaxeb Catarebuli kvlevebiT, romlebic sinTezirebulia<br />
mTeli rigi originaluri kvlevebis (Slavin 1988 & Gamoran 1992) safuZvelze, dasturdeba, rom<br />
mTliani saSualo miRweva moswavleebisa monitoringis mqone da armqone skolebSi daaxloebiT<br />
erTnairia da literaturaSi `produqtiuloba~ ewodeba. monitoringis mqone skolebi<br />
ufro `produqtiulebi~ ar arian, vidre monitoringis armqone da, piriqiT. Tumca monitoringis<br />
mqone skolebSi moswavleTa miRwevebis ufro farTo diapazoni SeiniSneba, vidre monitoringis<br />
armqoneSi. monitoringis mqone zogierT skolaSi maRali moswrebis moswavleTa<br />
warmateba, SesaZloa, daCqarebuli programiT aixsnas (an ufrosebis rwmeniT, romlebic maTgan<br />
warmatebas elian). dabali monitoringis mqone moswavleebi monitoringis mqone skolaSi<br />
ufro cudad swavloben, vidre yvelaze arasaxarbielo moswrebis mqone moswavleebi monitoringis<br />
armqone skolaSi. garegnulad, SesaZloa mogveCvenos, rom dabali moswrebis mqone<br />
moswavleebisTvis monitoringis uqonloba sasargebloa, magram xels uSlis maRali SesaZleblobebis<br />
mqone moswavleebs TavianTi potencialis srul gamoyenebaSi.<br />
calkeuli kvlevebidan viciT, rom dabali moswrebis mqone moswavleebs monitorignis<br />
mqone skolebSi dajgufebis, daCqarebuli programebisa da warmatebis maRali molodinebis<br />
safuZvelze warmatebis miRweva SeuZliaT. aseve viciT, rom monitoringis armqone garemoSi<br />
yvelaze unariani moswavleebi swavlebis saxecvlilebiT SeiZleba Sesatyvisi sirTuleebis<br />
winaSe davayenoT.<br />
294<br />
amrigad, daskvnebi naTelia:<br />
¤ gamovricxoT dabali monitoringi (bottom track) iq, sadac mravalferovani monitoringi<br />
gvaqvs.
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