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gamocdili maswavlebeli gamocdili maswavlebeli

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Tavi 11 beli moswavleTa asakis Sesatyvisi Tu specializebuli codnis gansazRvrisas. magram maswavlebels udavod SeuZlia sakuTari saqmianobis analizi da swrafva imisaken, rom miseul molodinebSi SeniRbuli standartebi moswavleebisTvis Sesatyvisi gaxados. 274 SeniSvna standartebsa da molodinebze saWiroa erTmaneTisgan ganvasxvaoT maswavleblis warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, ras gaakeTebs moswavle (molodini) da maswavleblis survili imisa, ras unda akeTebdes moswavle (standarti). xSirad orive SemTxvevaSi sityva `molodins~ iyeneben (ukanasknel periodamde sityva `standarts~ verc ki gaigonebdiT). orive koncefcia mniSvnelovania. sanam isini praqtikosebis mier gamijnuli da konceptualizebulia. SesaZlebelia, maswavleblisTvis molodinebi mxolod momavlis prognozis xasiaTis matarebeli iyos da saerTod ar gaaxsendes standartebi _ miznebi da simaRleebi, romlebsac unda miaRwion maT an moswavleebma. dRevandeli swavlebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia standartebis gareSe molodinebi. standartebze morgeba ganvixiloT qvemoT mocemuli oTxi gancxadeba da maTi gavlena rogorc maswavleblis standartebze, ise sxvadasxva SesaZleblobebis mqone moswavleTaTvis am standartebis misadagebaze. 1. `yvelas mimarT erTnairi molodinebi maqvs. am kursis mixedviT garkveuli raodenobis samuSao gvaqvs Sesasrulebeli da yvelasgan veli mis Sesrulebas~. 2. `sxvadasxva bavSvis mimarT gansxvavebuli molodinebi maqvs. vici, rom zogierTisgan ar unda velode iseT saqmianobas, rogorsac sxvebisgan veli; yvela did jgufSi asea. garkveul moTxovnebs arasdros vuyeneb dabali SesaZleblobebis mqoneT~. 3. `sxvadasxva bavSvis mimarT gansxvavebuli molodinebi maqvs. vici, rom zogierT maTgans ukeTesi safuZveli aqvs am masalis asaTviseblad, an ubralod ufro swrafebi arian. neli moswavleebisTvis specialurad varCev masalebs da vcdilob maTi Sesa- Zleblobebis mixedviT movTxovo~. 4. `mesmis, rom bavSvebs gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebi da aTvisebis unari aqvT, aseve vici, ras niSnavs xarisxiani swavla da sagnis codna. vaiZuleb, rom `saukeTesos~ standartis Sesabamisad iswavlon. visac sWirdeba, damatebiT xelSewyobasa da daxmarebas vTavazob da, miuxedavad amisa, vici, rom mainc sxvadasxva tempiTa da xarisxiT iswavlian. Tumca arsebobs standarti da masTan miaxloebas vcdilob. Tu am standartamde verasdros miaRweven, is mainc ecodinebaT, ra aris saukeTeso da rom saukeTesos miRwevis mcdelobisaTvis dajildovdebian~. es gancxadebebi realur adamianebs ekuTvniT da Cveni profesiisadmi realur damokidebulebas asaxavs. albaT, upriania am gancxadebaTa miRma arsebuli Sexedulebebisa da miznebis ufro detaluri ganxilva, radgan isini gavlenas axdenen maswavleblis qcevaze. es ukanaskneli ki, Tavis mxriv, mZlavrad da zogjer gadamwyvetad zemoqmedebs moswavlis miRwevebze. amrigad, gvsurs, ufro srulyofilad ganvmartoT, ras gulisxmobs am oTxi gancxadebis avtori. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom isini stereotipulebi arian, magram aseTi adamianebi sinamdvileSi arseboben da am gancxadebebSi Cadebuli azris gageba dagvexmareba Cveneuli molodinebisa da maTi `Setyobinebis~ gzebis gaazrebaSi. pirveli maswavlebeli ar axdens moswavleTa diskriminacias. misi molodini ufro masalis amowurvasa da Sesrulebuli samuSaos raodenobas exeba, vidre Sesrulebis xarisxs. `mwar-

molodinebi moeblobis~ erTi da igive standartebi ucvlelad gamoiyeneba yvela moswavlis mimarT. raki vadebis dacva savaldebuloa, moswavleebisgan moelis masalis Seswavlas an sxva Sedegs. aseTi maswavlebeli nebas aZlevs sust moswavleebs, `uxilavni~ iyvnen manam, sanam maTi Sedegebi damakmayofilebelia. moswavleebi `uxilavni~ arian, radgan maswavlebeli sadRac maT `miRma~ aswavlis. meore maswavlebeli diferencirebasa da aRiarebas axdens. is varaudobs, rom moswavleebs sxvadasxva SesaZlebloba aqvT da am SesaZleblobebis mixedviT saqmianoben. saqmianobis Sedegebs iRebs, rogorc moswavlis SesaZleblobebis ilustracias da maT axali simaRleebis dasapyrobad Zalas ar atans. yvela moswavle erTsa da imave masalaze muSaobs da akeTebs imas, rac SeuZlia. mesame maswavlebeli diferencirebas da uzrunvelyofas axdens. im moswavleebisaTvis, romlebic Tavs ver arTmeven masalas, maswavlebeli uzrunvelyofs damatebiT daxmarebas an damatebiT saswavlo masalas. meoTxe maswavlebels mkafiod aqvs warmodgenili saganSi saukeTesos standarti, romelic yvela moswavlisTvis gamowvevac aris da swavlebis mizanic. moswavlis naTqvami sagnis Sesaxeb: `vgrZnob, es sagani marTlac mniSvnelovania~, maswavleblis ostatobaze metyvelebs. maswavlebelma isic icis, rom moswavleebs swavlis sxvadasxva unari da tempi aqvT da am gansxvavebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT damatebiT daxmarebas sTavazobs imaT, visac sWirdeba. maswavlebeli yovelTvis ajildovebs moswavles `saukeTesos~ standartis misaRwevad gaweuli ZalisxmevisTvis, magram arasdros iviwyebs TviT am standarts da arc moswavleebs aZlevs misi daviwyebis saSualebas. pirveli maswavlebeli misadagebas ar axdens. meore maswavlebels gansxvavebuli molodinebi aqvs, rac erTgvar TviTrealizebul winaswarmetyvelebad iqceva. mesame da meoTxe maswavleblebi individualizebas axdenen im gagebiT, rom swavlebas usadageben sxvadasxva SesaZleblobis mqone moswavleebs, Tumca meoTxe maswavlebels metad sjera, rom moswavleTa umravlesoba mizans Tu ar miaRwevs, miuaxlovdeba mainc. misi qceva `daostatebisTvis swavlis~ princips emsaxureba. im moswavleebisTvis, romlebic Zalisxmevas ar iSureben, maswavlebeli davalebas imden mcire safexurad Slis, ramdenic moswavleebs warmatebisTvis sWirdebaT. davalebebi yvela moswavlisTvis saboloo ostatobis miRwevas emsaxureba da sxvadasxva davalebisa da qvedavalebisTvis gamoyofili dro maT saWiroebebs aris misadagebuli. daostateba maTTvis, iseve rogorc maswavleblis molodinebi TviTrealizebul winaswarmetyvelebad iqceva xolme. yvelasTvis, saboloo mizania da am miznis miRwevamde maswavlebeli maT xelis Caqnevis nebas ar miscems. maswavlebels sjera, rom swavla yvela moswavle SeuZlia da am rwmenas ar malavs. mas uxerxul mdgomareobaSi agdebs Sefaseba, radgan is moswavleebisadmi `gagzavnil~ Setyobinebebs ewinaaRmdegeba. maswavlebeli gulwrfelad aqebs moswavleTa winsvlas, maSinac ki, Tu es winsvla Sorsaa `saukeTesos~ standartisgan da mudam aiZulebs maT, ajobon maTSi Cabudebul stereotipebs. SesaZloa, mondomebulma moswavlem C Sefasebis nacvlad B miiRos, magram ara A-s nacvlad B. sjeraT, rom miuxedavad zogierTi moswavlis rTuli saojaxo pirobebisa, maTi sasikeTod Secvla SeuZliaT (Dembo & Gibson 1985). meoTxe maswavlebeli aqcents saukeTesos standartze akeTebs ise, rom moswavleebs Sesatyvisi SesaZleblobiT ar uzrunvelyofs an ar exmareba. man SeiZleba Tavidan aicilos moswavleTa stereotipuli dayofa _ `sxarti~ da `susti~ _ da yvela aiZulos ecadon saukeTeso Sedegis miRwevas, magram ar uzrunvelyos aucilebeli saSualebebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi swavleba xinjiani iqneba. saukeTesosken swrafvisas perspeqtivis dakargviT, isini individebsac `kargaven~. maT SeiZleba gansakuTrebulad gamorCeul da SedarebiT sust moswavleebs Sori miznebis swrafad miRweva aiZulon da marcxi awvnevinon. roca mesame maswavlebeli perspeqti- 275

Tavi 11<br />

beli moswavleTa asakis Sesatyvisi Tu specializebuli codnis gansazRvrisas. magram maswavlebels<br />

udavod SeuZlia sakuTari saqmianobis analizi da swrafva imisaken, rom miseul<br />

molodinebSi SeniRbuli standartebi moswavleebisTvis Sesatyvisi gaxados.<br />

274<br />

SeniSvna standartebsa da molodinebze<br />

saWiroa erTmaneTisgan ganvasxvaoT maswavleblis warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, ras gaakeTebs<br />

moswavle (molodini) da maswavleblis survili imisa, ras unda akeTebdes moswavle (standarti).<br />

xSirad orive SemTxvevaSi sityva `molodins~ iyeneben (ukanasknel periodamde sityva<br />

`standarts~ verc ki gaigonebdiT). orive koncefcia mniSvnelovania. sanam isini praqtikosebis<br />

mier gamijnuli da konceptualizebulia. SesaZlebelia, maswavleblisTvis molodinebi mxolod<br />

momavlis prognozis xasiaTis matarebeli iyos da saerTod ar gaaxsendes standartebi<br />

_ miznebi da simaRleebi, romlebsac unda miaRwion maT an moswavleebma. dRevandeli swavlebisTvis<br />

damaxasiaTebelia standartebis gareSe molodinebi.<br />

standartebze morgeba<br />

ganvixiloT qvemoT mocemuli oTxi gancxadeba da maTi gavlena rogorc maswavleblis<br />

standartebze, ise sxvadasxva SesaZleblobebis mqone moswavleTaTvis am standartebis misadagebaze.<br />

1. `yvelas mimarT erTnairi molodinebi maqvs. am kursis mixedviT garkveuli raodenobis<br />

samuSao gvaqvs Sesasrulebeli da yvelasgan veli mis Sesrulebas~.<br />

2. `sxvadasxva bavSvis mimarT gansxvavebuli molodinebi maqvs. vici, rom zogierTisgan<br />

ar unda velode iseT saqmianobas, rogorsac sxvebisgan veli; yvela did jgufSi asea.<br />

garkveul moTxovnebs arasdros vuyeneb dabali SesaZleblobebis mqoneT~.<br />

3. `sxvadasxva bavSvis mimarT gansxvavebuli molodinebi maqvs. vici, rom zogierT maTgans<br />

ukeTesi safuZveli aqvs am masalis asaTviseblad, an ubralod ufro swrafebi<br />

arian. neli moswavleebisTvis specialurad varCev masalebs da vcdilob maTi Sesa-<br />

Zleblobebis mixedviT movTxovo~.<br />

4. `mesmis, rom bavSvebs gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebi da aTvisebis unari aqvT, aseve<br />

vici, ras niSnavs xarisxiani swavla da sagnis codna. vaiZuleb, rom `saukeTesos~ standartis<br />

Sesabamisad iswavlon. visac sWirdeba, damatebiT xelSewyobasa da daxmarebas<br />

vTavazob da, miuxedavad amisa, vici, rom mainc sxvadasxva tempiTa da xarisxiT iswavlian.<br />

Tumca arsebobs standarti da masTan miaxloebas vcdilob. Tu am standartamde<br />

verasdros miaRweven, is mainc ecodinebaT, ra aris saukeTeso da rom saukeTesos miRwevis<br />

mcdelobisaTvis dajildovdebian~.<br />

es gancxadebebi realur adamianebs ekuTvniT da Cveni profesiisadmi realur damokidebulebas<br />

asaxavs. albaT, upriania am gancxadebaTa miRma arsebuli Sexedulebebisa da miznebis<br />

ufro detaluri ganxilva, radgan isini gavlenas axdenen maswavleblis qcevaze. es ukanaskneli<br />

ki, Tavis mxriv, mZlavrad da zogjer gadamwyvetad zemoqmedebs moswavlis miRwevebze.<br />

amrigad, gvsurs, ufro srulyofilad ganvmartoT, ras gulisxmobs am oTxi gancxadebis avtori.<br />

SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom isini stereotipulebi arian, magram aseTi adamianebi sinamdvileSi<br />

arseboben da am gancxadebebSi Cadebuli azris gageba dagvexmareba Cveneuli molodinebisa<br />

da maTi `Setyobinebis~ gzebis gaazrebaSi.<br />

pirveli <strong>maswavlebeli</strong> ar axdens moswavleTa diskriminacias. misi molodini ufro masalis<br />

amowurvasa da Sesrulebuli samuSaos raodenobas exeba, vidre Sesrulebis xarisxs. `mwar-

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