gamocdili maswavlebeli
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gamocdili maswavlebeli

gamocdili maswavlebeli gamocdili maswavlebeli

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Tavi 10 romelic maT swavlebis bundovani momentebis gasagebad axsnis saSualebas aZlevs. isini swavlebis xerxebsa da moswavleTa inteleqtualur gamocdilebasac amdidreben. mravali aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi gamokvlevebma gviCvena, rom testirebis qulebiT `gazomili~ swavlis Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT verc erT models ver mivaniWebT upiratesobas. swavlebis modelebi imisTvis rodi Seiqmna, rom codnis gadacema kanqveSa ineqciis gakeTebas damsgavseboda. maTi mizani iyo moswavleebs sxvadasxvagvari xerxiT azrovneba eswavlaT. maswavlebels SeuZlia modelebi moswavleTa swavlis upirates stils moargos da amgvarad gazardos maTi azrovnebis unari da upiratesi stilis miRma azrovneba SeaZlebinos. modelebis mravalferovani repertuaris mqone maswavleblebi ramdenime gansxvavebul models iyeneben erTi dRis da erTi gakveTilis ganmavlobaSic ki. axal modelebSi daxelovnebuli maswavleblebi, aRmoaCenen, rom maT eqspertebis doneze SeuZliaT modelebis koreqtireba, rasac maTi profesionalizmi axal ganzomilebaSi gadahyavs. axla TviT modelebi aRvweroT, xolo Semdeg ramdenime specifikuri modeli ganvixiloT. 248 induqciuri swavlebis modeli: magaliTi induqciuri swavlebis meTods cxra logikuri safexuri aqvs: 1. CamoTvla; 2. dajgufeba; 3. saxeldeba; 4. diferencireba; 5. Sedareba; 6. daskvna; 7. hipoTezis daSveba; 8. dasabuTeba; 9. ganzogadeba. hilda tabaseuli es modeli moswavles stimuls aZlevs monacemebis safuZvelze daskvnebi gamoitanos. sxva modelebis msgavsad am modelsac aqvs speqtaklis aqtebis msgavsi fazaTa Tanamimdevruli seria. yoveli faza gansxvavebulia, magram speqtaklis scenebis msgavsad faqizad ukavSirdeba wina da momdevno fazebs erToblivi Sedegis misaRebad. induqciuri swavlebis modelis gamoyenebiT ernest hemingueis Sesaxeb gakveTilis Catareba SeiZleba misi cxovrebis Sesaxeb mokle biografiuli filmis CvenebiT daviwyoT. es pirveli – monacemebis Segrovebis fazaa. filmis dasrulebis Semdeg vekiTxebiT moswavleebs ra informacia daamaxsovrdaT da vwerT mas dafaze an cxrilSi. SesaZloa es daukavSirebeli monacemebi iyos: `hqonda saTevzao navi, saxelad pilari~; `espaneTis samoqalaqo imis dros is samjer gaemgzavra espaneTSi~; `mas hqonda saxli qi uestSi~ (qalaqi floridaSi, mTargmn. Sen.); `mas diliT uyvarda wera, rodesac aivnidan parizis quCebs gadahyurebda~. SesaZloa, moswavleTa mier SemoTavazebul ocamde aseT Canawers movuyaroT Tavi. meore fazaSi moswavleebs erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli Canawerebis dajgufebas vTxovT. moswavleebi dafaze daweril winadadebebs maT Soris arsebuli kavSirebis mixedviT ajgufeben. mesame fazaSi moswavleebs Canawerebis yoveli dajgufebisTvis saxelwodebis mofiqrebas vTxovT. magaliTad, `hemingueis, rogorc mwerlis Cvevebi~ an `heminguei gare cxovrebis moyvaruli~, romelSic SevitanT informacias misi serengetis parkSi nadirobisa da miCiganis

swavlebis modelebi tbaze Tevzaobis Sesaxeb. moswavleTa mier Seqmnili dajgufebebi msgavsi iqneba, Tumca maT mier SemoTavazebul kategoriebs Soris garkveuli gansxvaveba iqneba. meoTxe fazaSi vnaxavT, rom moswavleTa mier Seqmnili dajgufebebi garkveuli saxiT aris warmodgenili (cxrili, proeqtori). am fazaSi maTeuli kategoriebis dasabuTebas vTxovT. ram ganapiroba dajgufebis SerCeva? moswavleebma unda imsjelon, agvixsnan, Seadaron da Seapirispiron informaciis dajgufebis sxvadasxva gza. mexuTe fazaSi vadgenT, CamouyalibdaT Tu ara moswavleebs konkretuli mosazrebebi hemingueis Sesaxeb, am etapisTvis ukve gavlili safexurebis safuZvelze. aqvT da undaT Tu ara hemingueis, rogorc pirovnebis Sesaxeb azris gamoTqma? maswavleblebisTvis Catarebul erT-erT saCvenebel gakveTilze, erTma monawilem aRniSna, `vfiqrob, rom heminguei marTlac Zalze martosuli iyo~. hemingueis biografi gamokveTilad arsad ar mianiSnebs msgavs informaciaze, araferi iZleva msgavsi daskvnis gamotanis saSualebas. wina fazebis gavlisa da fazebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad monacemTa manipulaciis Sedegad msgavsi daskvnebis gamotana SesaZlebeli xdeba. es modeli ramdenime sxva fazasac moicavs, Tumca maTze aRar SevCerdebiT. Cveni mizania gaCvenoT, rom swavlebis modelSi safexurebi da fazebi gegmazomierad viTardeba da moswavleTa garkveuli mimarTulebis azrovnebis Camoyalibebas emsaxureba. Cven SegviZlia sakvanZo kiTxviT SevajamoT tabas modelis pirveli xuTi faza: faza 1: ra monacemebi gaqvT? faza 2: rogor daajgufebdiT monacemebs? faza 3: ra saxels SeurCevdiT Tqvens kategoriebs an jgufebs? faza 4: ra akavSirebs Tqveneul dajgufebebs? faza 5: ra daskvnebis gakeTeba SegiZliaT Temis Sesaxeb? swavlebis rva modeli swavlebis modelis cneba brus r. joisma (Bruce R. Joyce) Semoitana 1968 wels `novatori maswvlebeli: maswavlebelTa momzadebis programaSi~, romelsac jandacvis, ganaTlebisa da socialuri uzrunvelyofis departamenti afinansebda. 1972 wels, joisisa da marSa ueilis (Marsha Weil) avtorobiT gamoqveynda `swavlebis modelebi~, sadac mravali modeli detalurad iyo aRwerili. es aRwerebi ganaxlda da axali modelebiT Seivso oTx momdevno gamocemaSi (1980, 1986, 1992, 1996). amrigad, Cven aTobiT saswavlo modelis detaluri aRwera gvaqvs, gamdidrebuli magaliTebiT, SemTxvevebiT, safexurebiT. es wignebi mniSvnelovani wvlilia swavlebis Sesaxeb literaturaSi, vinaidan maT gaacocxles jerom bruneris, devid ozibelis, b. f. skineris, uiliam glaseris, riCard sakmanis, Jan piaJesa da sxva korifeebis mier SemuSavebuli swavlis Teoriuli. swavlebis yoveli modelis gasaanalizeblad, joisi da ueili svamdnen Semdeg kiTxvebs: 1. rogoria swavlebisa da swavlis mimarTuleba am modelSi? gamiznulia Tu ara swavleba romelime specifikuri tipis azrovnebis CamoyalibebisTvis? 2. ra TanamimdevrobiT aris dalagebuli movlenebi swavlebis procesSi? ras akeTeben maswavleblebi da moswavleebi Tavdapirvelad? yovel momdevno safexurze? 3. rogor epyroba maswavlebeli moswavles da rogori reaqcia aqvs mis namoqmedarze? 4. maswavlebelTa/moswavleTa rogori rolebi, urTierToba da normebia waxalisebuli? 249

Tavi 10<br />

romelic maT swavlebis bundovani momentebis gasagebad axsnis saSualebas aZlevs. isini swavlebis<br />

xerxebsa da moswavleTa inteleqtualur gamocdilebasac amdidreben.<br />

mravali aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi gamokvlevebma gviCvena, rom testirebis qulebiT `gazomili~<br />

swavlis Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT verc erT models ver mivaniWebT upiratesobas. swavlebis<br />

modelebi imisTvis rodi Seiqmna, rom codnis gadacema kanqveSa ineqciis gakeTebas<br />

damsgavseboda. maTi mizani iyo moswavleebs sxvadasxvagvari xerxiT azrovneba eswavlaT.<br />

maswavlebels SeuZlia modelebi moswavleTa swavlis upirates stils moargos da amgvarad<br />

gazardos maTi azrovnebis unari da upiratesi stilis miRma azrovneba SeaZlebinos.<br />

modelebis mravalferovani repertuaris mqone maswavleblebi ramdenime gansxvavebul<br />

models iyeneben erTi dRis da erTi gakveTilis ganmavlobaSic ki. axal modelebSi daxelovnebuli<br />

maswavleblebi, aRmoaCenen, rom maT eqspertebis doneze SeuZliaT modelebis<br />

koreqtireba, rasac maTi profesionalizmi axal ganzomilebaSi gadahyavs. axla TviT modelebi<br />

aRvweroT, xolo Semdeg ramdenime specifikuri modeli ganvixiloT.<br />

248<br />

induqciuri swavlebis modeli: magaliTi<br />

induqciuri swavlebis meTods cxra logikuri safexuri aqvs:<br />

1. CamoTvla;<br />

2. dajgufeba;<br />

3. saxeldeba;<br />

4. diferencireba;<br />

5. Sedareba;<br />

6. daskvna;<br />

7. hipoTezis daSveba;<br />

8. dasabuTeba;<br />

9. ganzogadeba.<br />

hilda tabaseuli es modeli moswavles stimuls aZlevs monacemebis safuZvelze daskvnebi<br />

gamoitanos. sxva modelebis msgavsad am modelsac aqvs speqtaklis aqtebis msgavsi fazaTa<br />

Tanamimdevruli seria. yoveli faza gansxvavebulia, magram speqtaklis scenebis msgavsad<br />

faqizad ukavSirdeba wina da momdevno fazebs erToblivi Sedegis misaRebad.<br />

induqciuri swavlebis modelis gamoyenebiT ernest hemingueis Sesaxeb gakveTilis Catareba<br />

SeiZleba misi cxovrebis Sesaxeb mokle biografiuli filmis CvenebiT daviwyoT. es<br />

pirveli – monacemebis Segrovebis fazaa. filmis dasrulebis Semdeg vekiTxebiT moswavleebs<br />

ra informacia daamaxsovrdaT da vwerT mas dafaze an cxrilSi. SesaZloa es daukavSirebeli<br />

monacemebi iyos: `hqonda saTevzao navi, saxelad pilari~; `espaneTis samoqalaqo imis dros<br />

is samjer gaemgzavra espaneTSi~; `mas hqonda saxli qi uestSi~ (qalaqi floridaSi, mTargmn.<br />

Sen.); `mas diliT uyvarda wera, rodesac aivnidan parizis quCebs gadahyurebda~. SesaZloa,<br />

moswavleTa mier SemoTavazebul ocamde aseT Canawers movuyaroT Tavi.<br />

meore fazaSi moswavleebs erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli Canawerebis dajgufebas vTxovT.<br />

moswavleebi dafaze daweril winadadebebs maT Soris arsebuli kavSirebis mixedviT ajgufeben.<br />

mesame fazaSi moswavleebs Canawerebis yoveli dajgufebisTvis saxelwodebis mofiqrebas<br />

vTxovT. magaliTad, `hemingueis, rogorc mwerlis Cvevebi~ an `heminguei gare cxovrebis<br />

moyvaruli~, romelSic SevitanT informacias misi serengetis parkSi nadirobisa da miCiganis

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