gamocdili maswavlebeli
gamocdili maswavlebeli gamocdili maswavlebeli
Tavi 9 vnelovani erTeulia. amrigad, mTliani statiis daweramde, moswavleebs swored am pirveli winadadebis an abzacis dawera unda vaswavloT. 230 miznis dasaxva am principis mizania, moswavleebs miznis dasaxva vaswavloT. moswavlis CarTva saswavlo miznebis dasaxvaSi xels uwyobs swavlas. am debulebis siswore kvlevis SedegebiTac dasturdeba (Schunk and Gaa 1981). miznis dasaxvaSi moswavleTa monawileoba (moswavlis, maswavleblis an erToblivi ZalebiT) zrdis maTi miRwevis motivacias da TviTSefasebis (TviTregulirebis) unars. moswavlis mier miznis dasaxva TavisTavad ar xdeba, Tumca, es ar exeba maRali motivaciis mqone moswavleebs. maswavlebelma xeli moswavlis CarTva saswavlo miznebis dasaxvaSi unda Seuwyos am process, Camoawerinos mis- xels uwyobs swavlas. aRwevi miznebis an periodulad (axali Temis an proeqtebis dawyebamde) Sexvdes calkeul moswavleebs. es SeiZleba sakmaod xanmokle Sexvedrebi iyos, magram mTavaria, dasaxuli miznebis Camoiweros da mogvianebiT moswavleebs maTi miRwevis Sefaseba vTxovoT. moswavlis mier miznis dasaxvas gaumjobesebul Sedegebamde avtomaturad ver mivyavarT. saWiroa efeqtiani miznebis garkveuli Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba; mizani unda iyos konkretuli, rTuli, magram swrafad misaRwevi. calkeuli miznebi iseT elementebs Seicavs, romelic SeiZleba gavzomoT, daviTvaloT an miRwevis kriteriumad miviRoT. `maqsimalurad Sevecdebi~ am SemTxvevaSi ar gamogvadgeba; xolo `viswavli marTlweris oc urTules wess~ zustad gansazRvravs mas. rac ufro rTulia mizani, miT met Zalisxmevas gamoiCens moswavle. miznebis dasaxvaSi xelmZRvanelobisas maswavlebeli unda daexmaros moswavleebs, gamijnon advili da ararealisturi miznebi. dabolos, moklevadiani miznebi ukeTesia, vidre grZelvadiani. es ar niSnavs, rom grZelvadiani miznebi aRar davsaxoT, ubralod isini moklevadian gegmebad an qvemiznebad unda davyoT da moqmedebaTa Sesatyvisi gegma mivusadagoT, rom moswavlem efeqtianad SeZlos maTi miRweva (`dayavi da ibatone~). swavlis an samuSaos Sesrulebis miznebis warmatebiT miRwevas specifikuri unar-Cvevebi da gansazRvruli vadebi (ramdenime dRe da ara kvira an Tve) ganapirobebs. am principis gavrcelebuli da araswori interpretacia aseTia, moswavle Tavad irCevs, ra iswavlos (anu Sinaarss), rac, sinamdvileSi, ar xdeba. xSirad (da, rogorc wesi, ufro produqtiulad) isini vadebTan, raodenobasa da xarisxTan dakavSirebul miznebs saxaven. vadebTan dakavSirebuli miznis magaliTia, roca moswavle konkretuli raodenobis davalebis Sesrulebis konkretul vadas gansazRvravs: maswavlebeli: glen, Seni azriT, am davalebebis ra nawils Seasruleb momdevno naxevar saaTSi? gleni: vfiqrob, mTel gverds. maswavlebeli: marTla? marTla fiqrob, rom daZlev am raodenobas? gleni: diax. maswavlebeli: kargi. maCvene, roca daasruleb.
gTavazobT raodenobis miznis magaliTs: maswavlebeli: brenda, ramden wyaros gamoiyeneb kvlevisTvis? brenda: daaxloebiT eqvss. swavlis principebi maswavlebeli: kargi. Tu Sen fiqrob, rom sakmarisia, furcelze Camomiwere. kvlevis Sesrulebis tempi gansazRvruli ar aris, moswavlem mxolod naSromis dasrulebis vada icis. brenda TviTon sazRvravs samuSaos moculobas. amgvaradve SeiZleba davusaxoT mizani klasgareSe sakiTxavi wignebis raodenobis, damatebiT savarjiSoebis an saswavli masalis mimarTac. xarisxTan dakavSirebuli miznebi gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, radgan am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi Sesasrulebeli samuSaos xarisxs gansazRvraven. isini TviTon iReben gadawyvetilebas imis Sesaxeb, samuSaos ra aspeqtze sWirdebaT yuradRebis gamaxvileba da meti muSaoba. maswavlebelma maT SeiZleba am aspeqtebis axsnac (maT Soris, werilobiTic) daavalos: maswavlebeli: jim, ra mizani gaqvs xarisxis TvalsazrisiT am naSromze muSaobisas? jimi: marTlwerisa da punqtuaciis gaumjobesebaze varjiSs vapireb. maswavlebeli: Sen, Tara? Tara: Cemi mizania, naklebad gamoviyeno gacveTili sityvebi. miznebis dasaxvasTan erTad maswavleblebi moswavleebs davalebebsac aZleven. isini moswavleebs vadebTan, xarisxTan da raodenobasTan dakavSirebuli pirovnuli pasuxismgeblobebis Camoyalibebas uwyoben xels. zogjer SesaZloa moswavles saswavlo Sinaarsis ar- Cevis saaSualebac mivceT. magaliTad, `minda, rac SeiZleba meti viswavlo bayayebze~, ambobs fredi. saswavlo gegma da gakveTilebis cxrili freds xels uwyobs dasaxuli miznis ganxorcielebaSi (miT ufro, Tu maswavleblis mizani moswavleSi cnobismoyvareobis grZnobis stimulireba da xelSewyobaa). SesaZloa, aseve sasargeblo iyos moswavleebis mier xarisxTan dakavSirebuli miznebis dasaxvac, rasac Sedegad maTi TviTSefasebaSi CarTva da dasaxuli miznisken savali gzis gansazRvra mohyveba. gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom swavlis es principi, erTi SexedviT Zalze martivi, iSviaTad gamoiyeneba swavlebaSi. Tu am principis gamoyenebas mcire drosa da energias davuTmobT, davinaxavT rogor gaumjobesdeba moswavleTa saqmianoba, TviTregulaciisa da TviTSefasebis unari. konkretuli-naxevradabstraqtuli-abstraqtuli progresia am principis mixedviT maswavlebeli pirvel etapze axali masalis asaxsnelad konkretul an manipulirebad masalas iyenebs, Semdeg imave masalas grafikulad asaxavs, xolo bolo etapze asaxsnelad wminda abstraqtul saSualebebs mimarTavs. msgavsi Tanamimdevroba nayofieria ara mxolod im moswavleebisTvis. romlebic piaJiseul konkretuli operaciebis safexurze arian, aramed zrdasrulebisTvisac. konkretul masalaze muSaoba warmosaxvasa da gamocdilebas aviTarebs, rac mogvianebiT masTan asocirebul abstraqtul elementebs ukavSirdeba da erTiandeba. saWiro ar aris adamianma yvelaferi sakuTari gamocdilebiT iswavlos (cofian ZaRlTan urTierTobis safrTxeSi dasarwmuneblad, aucilebelia ar aris man gvikbinos), Tumca gamocdileba codnas amyarebs. 1975 wels heronma (Herron) Seiswavla modelebis gamoyeneba qimiis swavlebisas da aCvena ramdenad nayofieria konkretuli masalebis gamoyeneba qimiis kursSi koncefciebis swavlebisas. 231
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Tavi 9<br />
vnelovani erTeulia. amrigad, mTliani statiis daweramde, moswavleebs swored am pirveli<br />
winadadebis an abzacis dawera unda vaswavloT.<br />
230<br />
miznis dasaxva<br />
am principis mizania, moswavleebs miznis dasaxva vaswavloT. moswavlis CarTva saswavlo<br />
miznebis dasaxvaSi xels uwyobs swavlas. am debulebis siswore kvlevis SedegebiTac dasturdeba<br />
(Schunk and Gaa 1981). miznis dasaxvaSi moswavleTa monawileoba (moswavlis, maswavleblis<br />
an erToblivi ZalebiT) zrdis maTi miRwevis motivacias da TviTSefasebis (TviTregulirebis)<br />
unars.<br />
moswavlis mier miznis dasaxva TavisTavad ar xdeba, Tumca, es ar exeba maRali motivaciis<br />
mqone moswavleebs. maswavlebelma xeli<br />
moswavlis CarTva saswavlo miznebis dasaxvaSi unda Seuwyos am process, Camoawerinos mis-<br />
xels uwyobs swavlas.<br />
aRwevi miznebis an periodulad (axali Temis<br />
an proeqtebis dawyebamde) Sexvdes calkeul<br />
moswavleebs. es SeiZleba sakmaod xanmokle<br />
Sexvedrebi iyos, magram mTavaria, dasaxuli miznebis Camoiweros da mogvianebiT moswavleebs<br />
maTi miRwevis Sefaseba vTxovoT.<br />
moswavlis mier miznis dasaxvas gaumjobesebul Sedegebamde avtomaturad ver mivyavarT.<br />
saWiroa efeqtiani miznebis garkveuli Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba; mizani unda iyos<br />
konkretuli, rTuli, magram swrafad misaRwevi.<br />
calkeuli miznebi iseT elementebs Seicavs, romelic SeiZleba gavzomoT, daviTvaloT an<br />
miRwevis kriteriumad miviRoT. `maqsimalurad Sevecdebi~ am SemTxvevaSi ar gamogvadgeba;<br />
xolo `viswavli marTlweris oc urTules wess~ zustad gansazRvravs mas.<br />
rac ufro rTulia mizani, miT met Zalisxmevas gamoiCens moswavle. miznebis dasaxvaSi<br />
xelmZRvanelobisas <strong>maswavlebeli</strong> unda daexmaros moswavleebs, gamijnon advili da ararealisturi<br />
miznebi.<br />
dabolos, moklevadiani miznebi ukeTesia, vidre grZelvadiani. es ar niSnavs, rom grZelvadiani<br />
miznebi aRar davsaxoT, ubralod isini moklevadian gegmebad an qvemiznebad unda<br />
davyoT da moqmedebaTa Sesatyvisi gegma mivusadagoT, rom moswavlem efeqtianad SeZlos maTi<br />
miRweva (`dayavi da ibatone~). swavlis an samuSaos Sesrulebis miznebis warmatebiT miRwevas<br />
specifikuri unar-Cvevebi da gansazRvruli vadebi (ramdenime dRe da ara kvira an Tve) ganapirobebs.<br />
am principis gavrcelebuli da araswori interpretacia aseTia, moswavle Tavad irCevs, ra<br />
iswavlos (anu Sinaarss), rac, sinamdvileSi, ar xdeba. xSirad (da, rogorc wesi, ufro produqtiulad)<br />
isini vadebTan, raodenobasa da xarisxTan dakavSirebul miznebs saxaven. vadebTan<br />
dakavSirebuli miznis magaliTia, roca moswavle konkretuli raodenobis davalebis Sesrulebis<br />
konkretul vadas gansazRvravs:<br />
<strong>maswavlebeli</strong>: glen, Seni azriT, am davalebebis ra nawils Seasruleb momdevno<br />
naxevar saaTSi?<br />
gleni: vfiqrob, mTel gverds.<br />
<strong>maswavlebeli</strong>: marTla? marTla fiqrob, rom daZlev am raodenobas?<br />
gleni: diax.<br />
<strong>maswavlebeli</strong>: kargi. maCvene, roca daasruleb.
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