gamocdili maswavlebeli

li codna aqvs. is sakuTar Tavs saSualebas ar aZlevs, gaigos, rom bevri ram, rac
unda iswavlos, ukve icis (McNeill 1984, gv. 34)*
sicxade
upirveles yovlisa, moswavleebs unda davusvaT kiTxva: `ra iciT X-is Sesaxeb?~ da CaviweroT
(an Tavad Caiweron individualurad) pasuxebi. cnebisa Tu Temis Sesaxeb codnis gaRrmavebis
kvalobaze maswavlebeli unda daubrundes am Canawerebs da gansazRvros, ra miamates
moswavleebma arsebul codnas. zogjer moswavleebma SeiZleba aRmoaCinon, rom axali masala
`Zvel qurqSia gamowyobili~; zogjer ki uaryofilia maTi Zveli warmodgenebis nawili. nebismier
SemTxvevaSi, konkretuli Temis Sesaxeb arsebuli codnis gacnobiereba, axali informaciis
Casaweri rukis SeqmnaSi miexmareba. swored ase emsaxureba maswavlebeli sagnis/ebis
Sesaxeb `didi suraTis~ Seqmnas.
uTvalavi xerxi SemuSavda arsebuli codnis gasaaqtiureblad. erT-erTi maTgani semantikuri
rukis Sedgenaa, rasac maknili (1984) ase aRwers:
pirvel yovlisa, moswavleebs hkiTxeT, ra gaifiqres sityva X-is gagonebisas (X
aris is Tema, romlis Sesaxebac maT unda waikiTxon). sasurvelia, Tavisufali
asociacia. moswavleTa mier SemoTavazebuli asociaciebi dawereT dafaze. ecadeT,
asociaciebi kategoriebad dayoT.
magaliTad, sityva `fulze~ pasuxebi SeiZleba Semdeg kategoriebad daiyos:
fulis gamoyeneba, fulis formebi, fulis erTeulebi, fulis Sovnis gzebi da
sxva. daexmareT moswavleebs kategoriebad dajgufebaSi da Semdeg sTxoveT am
dajgufebaTa wakiTxva, raTa meti gaigon X-is Sesaxeb. kargi iqneba, wavaxalisoT
moswavleebi, dasvan SekiTxvebi imis Sesaxeb, risi gageba surT X-is Sesaxeb teqstidan.
dajgufebis wakiTxvis Semdeg klass yuradReba gadaaqvs kategoriaTa nakrebze
da X-Tan dakavSirebul Tavdapirvel (wakiTxvamdel) SekiTxvebze. am dros
moswavleebi wakiTxulis safuZvelze axal mosazrebebs amateben, asworeben da
avseben pirvelad rukas (McNeill 1984, gv. 10).
makniliseuli semantikuri rukis Sedgenis savarjiSos aRwera SerCeuli teqstis wakiTxvamde
xdeba. Tumca rukis Sedgena aseve warmatebiT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT eqsperimentis Catarebamde,
filmis naxvamde an stumarTan gasaubrebamde. saqme is aris, rom maswavleblebi
amzadeben moswavleebs axali informaciis misaRebad am ukanasknelTa gonebaSi arsebuli
rukebis (an `sqemis~, rogorc mkvlevarebi uwodeben) gamoxmobiT, anu Temis Sesaxeb maTeuli
warmodgenis gaxsenebiT. Sedegad, moswavleebi ufro aqtiuri msmenelebi, mayureblebi da
mkiTxvelebi xdebian.
praqtikosebisa da mkvlevarebis mier SemuSavebuli xerxebi, romelTa gamoyeneba TiTqmis
yvela sagnis swavlebisas SeiZleba, e. w. `sityvebis mimofantva~ an `vmv~-ia (inglisuri
sityvebis Know – Want to Know – Learned (KWL) qarTuli Targmanis – vici – minda vicode –
viswavle (vmv) abreviatura. mTargmn. Sen.). maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli saerTo Sedegia is, rom
moswavleebi kogniturad aqtiurni xdebian axali informaciis mimarT.
`sityvebis mimofantvis~ dros (Hammond 1985) maswavlebeli statiidan, moTxrobidan an
teqstidan 10-dan 20-mde sakvanZo sityvas an termins iRebs da wers (`mimofantavs~) cxrilis
an dafis nebismier adgilas teqstis saTauris qveS. teqstis wakiTxvamde, moswavleebs sTxovs,
imuSaon jgufebad da gonebrivi ieriSis gamoyenebiT Caiweron (an Caiweros jgufis `Camwerma~)
Semdegi miTiTebis pasuxebi: `moifiqreT winadadebebi, romlebic, Tqveni azriT, asaxavs am
sakvanZo sityvebsa da terminebs da teqstis saTaurs Soris kavSirs~. es xerxi uzrunvelyofs
moswavleTa CarTulobas, maRali donis azrovnebas, fokusirebul kiTxvas da ukeT wvdomas.
* gadmobeWdilia nebarTviT. McNeill, J. D. Reading Comprehension: New Directions for Classroom Practice. Glenview, III.: Scott, Foresman
and Company, 1984. © 1984 Harper Collins College Publishers. yvela ufleba daculia.
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