gamocdili maswavlebeli
gamocdili maswavlebeli gamocdili maswavlebeli
Tavi 8 des, roca maswavlebels ar surs pasuxi agos informaciis sisworeze da piradi usafrTxoebis mizniT abundovnebs saTqmels, an metismetad mondomebulia, rom moswavleTa ideebis gamziareblad da damxmared Candes da ara informaciis mimwodeblad. yovelive amis Sedegi ki meryevi maswavlebelia, romelic uamrav bundovan termins iyenebs. misaRebi metyvelebis miRma arsebobs is, rac arc ise aSkaraa. SegviZlia ganvasxvaoT maswavleblebi, romlebic sxvadasxvagvarad saubroben sxvadasxva moswavlesTan da, SesaZloa, saubris maneras konkretuli SemTxvevis mixedviTac cvlian. mokled, maT mravalferovani metyveleba aqvT. gansxvaveba SeimCneva gamoyenebul leqsikonSi, aqcentSi, slengis gamoyeneba- Si, metyvelebis intonaciaSi, siswrafesa da ritmSi, oficialurobaSi an araoficialurobaSi (Joos 1967). Cven gvainteresebs, SeuZlia Tu ara maswavlebels moswavleebTan maT enaze saubari cxadi axsnisa da ganmartebisaTvis Sesatyvisi enobrivi formebiT, konkretuli interaqciis Sesatyvisi efeqtiani formiT. im maswavleblis qcevis gaanalizebisas, romelic metyvelebis stils konkretul drosa da moswavles usadagebs, damkvirvebels `mravalferovnebasTan~ erTad metyvelebis garkveuli miukerZoeblobac SeuZlia SeamCnios. amas garda, metyvelebis konkretuli manera mocemul momentSi SerCeulia, morgebulia jgufis an individis raime Taviseburebas. 194 araorazrovneba araorazrovneba niSnavs mkafio komunikacias da ar unda gamogvrCes: ¤ miniSnebaTa gansazRvra; ¤ SekiTxvaTa fokusi; ¤ aucilebeli nabijebi mimarTulebis micemisas; ¤ miniSnebebis mniSvneloba; ¤ aqtivobaTa miznebi. am xuTi kriteriumis mixedviT SegviZlia SevafasoT moqmedebis araorazrovneba. isic gavixsenoT, rom maswavlebeli yovelTvis rodi aswavlis axsniT. man SeiZleba aswavlos induqciurad, sokrateseuli meTodiT an mravali sxva gziT. magram roca saqme uSualod axsniT qcevas exeba, gansakuTrebiT, Tu moswavlem ver gaigo, aucileblad unda gavixsenoT araorazrovneba. miniSnebebis gansazRvra efeqtiani miniSneba exmareba moswavleebs masalis swavlisTvis saWiro kavSirebis damyarebasa da azrovnebis saWiro formebis gamoyenebaSi. isini ar toveben logikur sicarieleebs. orazrovani maswavlebeli varaudobs (samwuxarod, xSirad mcdarad), rom moswavleebi SeZleben misi miniSnebebis wakiTxvas an ganzraxvis gamocnobas. aseTi maswavlebeli xSirad damna- Savea TamaSis _ `gamoicani, ras vfiqrob~ an `gamoicani, ratom vakeTebT amas~ _ gamo, romelic swavlebisas araviTar mizans ar emsaxureba da, piriqiT, aSinebs da abnevs moswavleebs. zusti miniSnebebis saSualebiT maswavlebeli patara xidebs debs moswavleebisTvis, rom maT dainaxon kavSiri miniSnebebsa da maTi gamoyenebis gzebs Soris. ai, zusti miniSnebis magaliTi: `Sezneqilis~ gansazRvrebamde, batonma orma ikiTxa: `sad sZinavT daTvebs?~ is fiqrobda, rom moswavleebi Seqmnidnen gamoqvabulis xats, rac maT daexmareboda gansazRvrebis damaxsovrebaSi. orive moswavlem SeamCnia es ucnauri SekiTxva da mixvda, rom mas sityvis ganmartebis instrumentis roli unda eTamaSa. Tumca, verc erTi ver mixvda, rom es instrumenti xati iyo (Winne & Marx 1982, gv. 510).
sicxade am SemTxvevaSi batoni oris idea urigo ar iyo; ubralod misi miniSneba imdenad orazrovani iyo, rom moswavleebma ver SeZles misi gamoyeneba. mas surda, gamoqvabulis gamosaxuleba moswavleebisTvis vizualuri mnemonika (xerxTa erToblioba, romlis mizania gaaadvilos didi moculobis informaciis, faqtebis damaxsovreba, ZiriTadad, asociaciis kanonebs emyareba. mTargmn. Sen.) yofiliyo: roca gamoqvabulis win vdgavarT, misi sivrce Sezneqili Cans. swored aseve Cans Sezneqili zedapiric. SekiTxvaTa fokusi xandaxan SekiTxvaTa fokusi orazrovania da maswavlebeli moswavleebs `gamoicani ras vfiqrob~-s `TamaSis~ sxva variants sTavazobs. zemoT moyvanil magaliTSi b-ni oris SekiTxvaze _ `sad cxovroben daTvebi?~ _ ramdenime kargi pasuxi arsebobs, magram swori pasuxebis simravlidan maswavlebels mxolod erTis mosmena surs. ai, kidev erTi magaliTi: laTinuri enis maswavlebeli moswavles savarjiSos SekiTxvas akiTxebs. `ra saxis SekiTxvaa es?~ ekiTxeba maswavlebeli. moswavle ar pasuxobs. arc sxva moswavleebi iCenen iniciativas da Cans, arc maT ician. sinamdvileSi maswavlebels Semdegi ram ainteresebs: `guSindeli savarjiSos mixedviT SekiTxvebis eqvsi formidan _ `quid~, `cur~, `quis~, `quem~, `ubi~, an `quo~ – es romeli formaa?~ is varaudobs (Tumca mcdarad), rom moswavle xvdeba SekiTxvas. maswavlebeli ver aanalizebs, rom fraza _ `ra tipis~ _ moswavlisTvis miniSnebis rols ar asrulebs, raTa man guSindeli savarjiSodan kiTxvebis eqvsi forma gaixsenos da erT-erTi airCios. moswavlisaTvis SesaZlo pasuxTa samyaro eqvsiT ki ar SemoisazRvreba, ukideganoa da amitomac ibneva. epizodi grZeldeba: maswavlebeli miuTiTebs moswavles, miubrundes guSindel savarjiSos da waikiTxos pirveli punqti. moswavle asrulebs. `kargi, waikiTxe Semdegi punqti~, daRlili xmiT ambobs maswavlebeli. moswavle asrulebs. es meore punqti damabneveli SekiTxvebis magaliTia. moswavle amTavrebs mis wakiTxvas. pauza. `aba?~ Tvalebi ufarTovdeba maswavlebels. `oh~, ambobs moswavle da maswavleblis kiTxvaze pasuxs gansazRvravs, rogorc `quid~ SekiTxvas. am dabneulobas Tavidan aicilebda maswavlebeli orazrovani rom ar yofiliyo im gonebrivi operaciis mimarT, romelsac moswavlisagan iTxovda: `jimi, fraziT _ `ra saxis~ _ vgulisxmob kiTxvebis im eqvs formas, romlebic guSin ganvixileT. Seamowme pasuxi im informaciis mixedviT, romelic axlaxans waikiTxe. yvelam gadaamowmeT, naxeT, eTanxmebiT Tu ara~ (moswavleTa aqtiuri monawileobisTvis gadadgmuli nabiji.) zemoT moyvanili epizodi kargi magaliTia TamaSisa `gamoicani, ras vfiqrob~. amis sapirispirod, araorazrovani maswavlebeli moswavleebs pirdapir aCvenebs, rogor daexmareba maT swavlis miznis miRwevaSi is, rasac amJamad an momavalSi gaakeTeben. swavlebis dros araorazrovnebis ZiebiT, Cven naTel nabijebs veZebT, romlebic moswavleebs saSualebas miscems, mixvdnen, ratom ismeba SekiTxvebi da rogor ukavSirdeba mimar- Tulebebi an magaliTebi saswavlo amocanebs. `is mudam iseT kiTxvebs gvisvams, romlebzec ver vpasuxobT~ – ase afaseben moswavleebi orazrovan maswavlebels. isini ver pasuxoben SekiTxvebs, radgan maswavlebeli ver sazRvravs `ankesis gadagdebis~ adgils. ganvixiloT es epizodi: `rogoria kargi naweri?~ kiTxulobs qalbatoni jounsi da varaudobs, rom dafaze ixilavs atributebis im specifikur sias, romelic gonebaSi aqvs. magram es `miamituri~ SekiTxvaa, radgan moswavleebi gascemen yvela savaraudo pasuxs, romelic ar moergeba gakveTilis gegmas. albaT, kargi iqneboda, maswavlebels Seegrovebina es pasuxebi, ganexila da Semdeg Seedarebina im siisTvis, romelic gonebaSi aqvs. `ara, es is araa, rasac veli~, ambobs is pasuxad da sakuTari siis Sedgenisas (es aris misi gakveTilis mizani) ugulebelyofs bevri moswavlis karg pasuxs. misi kiTxva `Tqveni azriT, rogoria kargi naweri?~ ki ar gaxlavT, aramed – `Cemi azriT, rogoria kargi naweri?~ anu `waikiTxeT, ras vfiqrob~. 195
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Tavi 8<br />
des, roca maswavlebels ar surs pasuxi agos informaciis sisworeze da piradi usafrTxoebis<br />
mizniT abundovnebs saTqmels, an metismetad mondomebulia, rom moswavleTa ideebis gamziareblad<br />
da damxmared Candes da ara informaciis mimwodeblad. yovelive amis Sedegi ki<br />
meryevi <strong>maswavlebeli</strong>a, romelic uamrav bundovan termins iyenebs.<br />
misaRebi metyvelebis miRma arsebobs is, rac arc ise aSkaraa. SegviZlia ganvasxvaoT maswavleblebi,<br />
romlebic sxvadasxvagvarad saubroben sxvadasxva moswavlesTan da, SesaZloa,<br />
saubris maneras konkretuli SemTxvevis mixedviTac cvlian. mokled, maT mravalferovani metyveleba<br />
aqvT. gansxvaveba SeimCneva gamoyenebul leqsikonSi, aqcentSi, slengis gamoyeneba-<br />
Si, metyvelebis intonaciaSi, siswrafesa da ritmSi, oficialurobaSi an araoficialurobaSi<br />
(Joos 1967). Cven gvainteresebs, SeuZlia Tu ara maswavlebels moswavleebTan maT enaze saubari<br />
cxadi axsnisa da ganmartebisaTvis Sesatyvisi enobrivi formebiT, konkretuli interaqciis<br />
Sesatyvisi efeqtiani formiT.<br />
im maswavleblis qcevis gaanalizebisas, romelic metyvelebis stils konkretul drosa da<br />
moswavles usadagebs, damkvirvebels `mravalferovnebasTan~ erTad metyvelebis garkveuli<br />
miukerZoeblobac SeuZlia SeamCnios. amas garda, metyvelebis konkretuli manera mocemul<br />
momentSi SerCeulia, morgebulia jgufis an individis raime Taviseburebas.<br />
194<br />
araorazrovneba<br />
araorazrovneba niSnavs mkafio komunikacias da ar unda gamogvrCes:<br />
¤ miniSnebaTa gansazRvra;<br />
¤ SekiTxvaTa fokusi;<br />
¤ aucilebeli nabijebi mimarTulebis micemisas;<br />
¤ miniSnebebis mniSvneloba;<br />
¤ aqtivobaTa miznebi.<br />
am xuTi kriteriumis mixedviT SegviZlia SevafasoT moqmedebis araorazrovneba. isic<br />
gavixsenoT, rom <strong>maswavlebeli</strong> yovelTvis rodi aswavlis axsniT. man SeiZleba aswavlos induqciurad,<br />
sokrateseuli meTodiT an mravali sxva gziT. magram roca saqme uSualod axsniT<br />
qcevas exeba, gansakuTrebiT, Tu moswavlem ver gaigo, aucileblad unda gavixsenoT araorazrovneba.<br />
miniSnebebis gansazRvra<br />
efeqtiani miniSneba exmareba moswavleebs masalis swavlisTvis saWiro kavSirebis damyarebasa<br />
da azrovnebis saWiro formebis gamoyenebaSi. isini ar toveben logikur sicarieleebs.<br />
orazrovani <strong>maswavlebeli</strong> varaudobs (samwuxarod, xSirad mcdarad), rom moswavleebi SeZleben<br />
misi miniSnebebis wakiTxvas an ganzraxvis gamocnobas. aseTi <strong>maswavlebeli</strong> xSirad damna-<br />
Savea TamaSis _ `gamoicani, ras vfiqrob~ an `gamoicani, ratom vakeTebT amas~ _ gamo, romelic<br />
swavlebisas araviTar mizans ar emsaxureba da, piriqiT, aSinebs da abnevs moswavleebs.<br />
zusti miniSnebebis saSualebiT <strong>maswavlebeli</strong> patara xidebs debs moswavleebisTvis, rom maT<br />
dainaxon kavSiri miniSnebebsa da maTi gamoyenebis gzebs Soris. ai, zusti miniSnebis magaliTi:<br />
`Sezneqilis~ gansazRvrebamde, batonma orma ikiTxa: `sad sZinavT daTvebs?~ is<br />
fiqrobda, rom moswavleebi Seqmnidnen gamoqvabulis xats, rac maT daexmareboda<br />
gansazRvrebis damaxsovrebaSi. orive moswavlem SeamCnia es ucnauri SekiTxva<br />
da mixvda, rom mas sityvis ganmartebis instrumentis roli unda eTamaSa. Tumca,<br />
verc erTi ver mixvda, rom es instrumenti xati iyo (Winne & Marx 1982, gv. 510).
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