gamocdili maswavlebeli
gamocdili maswavlebeli gamocdili maswavlebeli
Tavi 7 Sekrebis detaluri aRwera, rom naTeli warmodgena SegiqmnaT, Tu rogor SeiZleba klasis Sekrebis gamoyeneba xelis SemSleli qcevis mqone bavSvis `gadmosabireblad~. 122 meore Sexvedris Tema maiki iyo. fizikurad Warbwoniani biWi arc ise sufTad icvamda, Tma Tvalebs ufaravda, xma ki Zalian maRali da arasasiamovno hqonda. mis yvela maisurs nakbenis, dagrexvisa da daReWvis gamo naxvretebi hqonda. misi yureba namdvilad ar iyo sasiamovno! maikma ganacxada, rom ar uyvarda klasi, radganac klaselebs ar uyvardaT is. kiTxvaze, misi azriT, ratom ar uyvardaT, Tqva, amis mizezi Cemi simsuqneao. bavSvebi kategoriulad ar daeTanxmnen da Tqves, rom simsuqne arafer Sua- Si iyo. maiks mizezis gageba surda. mas SesaZlebloba misces, azri im bavSvebisTvis ekiTxa, romlebic auxsnidnen, ra iyo masSi usiamovno. erTis azriT, amis mizezi misi sasacilo qudebi iyo, pilotis Cafxutis msgavsi, romelic wina dRes exura. (sxvaTa Soris, maiks es qudi aRar dauxuravs.) meoris azriT, is CafarTxunebul tanisamoss icvamda. martinis azriT, maiki iseT raRacebs ambobda, rac adamianebs guls stkenda. magaliTad, roca martini evropidan dabrunda da klaselebs saCuqrebad Camotanili ramdenime Zvirfasi nivTi aCvena, maikma ganacxada, rom es nivTebi sulac ar aris parizidan Camotanili da martinma adgilobriv maRaziaSi iyida. martins es naTqvami ewyina. devidma Tqva, rom roca is klaselebs nivTebs unawilebda, maikma msgavsi Seuracxmyofeli SeniSvnebi wamoroSa. (sxvaTa Soris, maiki am `senisagan~ jer kidev ar gankurnebula.) jonma, romelic bevrad ufro introspeqtuli da gamWriaxi gaxda, Tqva, rom amis mizezi maikis sasacilo saxe da adamianebTan saubrisas Werisken mimar- Tuli zizRiani mzera iyo. swored aseTi saxe hqonda maiks jonis azris mosmenisas, ris gamoc jonma daamata: `xedav, maik, axlac swored ase akeTeb da verc ki xvdebi~. maiks hkiTxes, misi azriT, vinme Tu cdilobda kargad mohqceoda. maikma upasuxa, rom ase mxolod alisa iqceoda, romelic mas moswonda. yvelam CaixiTxiTa. alisam Tqva, rom mas ar enaRvleboda, Tu vinme dascinebda, mas moswonda maiki da ar rcxvenoda masTan megobroba. mas moswonda maikTan yofna. jgufma isaubra sul mcire erTi megobris yolis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. sxvebma aRmoaCines, rom sinamdvileSi aravin cdilobda maikisTvis xeli Seewyo, rom misi megobari gamxdariyo. momavali kviridan yoveli maTgani Seecdeboda raime iseTi gaekeTebina, rom maikTan megobrobis survili gamoexata. maT marTlac daiwyes am survilis gamomJRavneba, Tumca maleve daiviwyes da isev TavianTi gulgriloba aCvenes. miuxedavad amisa, maikis mimarT uxamsobas aRar iCendnen, rac ukve cvlileba iyo. alisa agrZelebda maikTan megobrobas, xolo bavSvebma Sewyvites misi dacinva amasTan dakavSirebiT. harietma, romelic erTerTi maTgani iyo, vinc alisas dascinoda, bodiSi mouxada klasis Sexvedraze. man gaixsena, rom erTxel mas iseT bavSvTan megobrobis gamo dascines, romelsac sxva megobrebi ar hyavda da mas gambedaoba dasWirda, rom megobroba gaegrZelebina. man aRiara, rom miuxedavad maSindeli wyenisa, daiviwya da Tavadac cudad moeqca alisas. Tqva, rom swuxda da namdvilad SeeZlo gageba, Tu ras grZnobda alisa. am semestrSi maiki Zalian Seicvala. man swavlasa da garegnobaze zrunva daiwyo, ufro wynarad saubrobs, metad akontrolebs sakuTar Tavs, ufro samarTlianad TamaSobs ezoSi, sxvebs ukeT ewyoba da ufro meti megobari hyavs (Glasser 1968, gv. 152-153)* am nawyvetis wakiTxvam maswavleblebi SeaSina. zogierTs is Wrilobis gaxsnis tolfasad moeCvena, zogs ki iseTi procesis dasawyisad, romelic SeiZleba ukontrolo gaxdes. Cvens msmenel or maswavlebels, romelTac rTuli klasebi hyavdaT, eqvsi Tve dasWirdaT gambedaobis mosakrebad da sakuTar klasebSi msgavsi praqtikis dasanergad. samagierod, axla saklaso krebebs TavianTi karieris erT-erT umniSvnelovanes miRwevad miiCneven. moxarulebi varT, rom gambedaoba moikrifes da usafrTxo Temebis gaZRolis unar-Cvevebic daxvewes. isini * ibeWdeba nebarTviT. Glasser, W. Schools Without Failure, New York: Harper and Row, 1968. © 1968 Harper Collins Publishers, Inc. yvela ufleba daculia.)
disciplina klasSi sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis jin stenfordiseul mraval strategiasac iyenebdnen (rasac mokled aRvwerT). saqme is aris, rom aseTi sakiTxebi wamlavs, tkivils ayenebs da asustebs im moswavleTa energiasac, romelTac ar exebaT; ostaturi xelmZRvanelobiT am sakiTxebze Ria msjelobam SeiZleba arsebiTi cvlilebebi moaxdinos klasis klimatze. arc maswavlebeli glaseris nawyvetidan da arc isini, visTanac Cven vmuSaobdiT, specialurad ar momzadebulan ganxilvaTa teqnikaSi. isini Cveulebrivi maswavleblebi iyvnen, romelTac gambedaoba da Tavdadeba gamoiCines da klasSi mtkice sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis mizniT moswavleTa daxmareba scades. maT icodnen, rom akademiuri winsvlisaken ZalisxmevaSic did dividendebs debdnen. gvsurs ramdenime SeniSvna gagiziaroT glaseris naSromidan nawyvetTan dakavSirebiT: 1) iseTi fraza, rogoricaa `mas SesaZlebloba misces, azri im bavSvebisTvis ekiTxa, romlebic...~ niRbavs lideri maswavleblis ZiriTad gadawyvetilebebs. sinamdvileSi, maswavlebelma gadawyvita, rom maikisaTvis sasargeblo iqneboda konkretuli magaliTebis mosmena imis Taobaze, Tu ratom iwvevda misi saqcieli sxvebSi antipaTias. metic, maswavlebelma gadawyvita, rom maiki metad CaerTveboda (da misTvis ufro usafrTxo iqneboda), Tu Tavad gamoiZaxebda bavSvebs. 2) fraza _ `maiks hkiTxes, misi azriT, vinme Tu cdilobda, kargad mohqceoda~ _ maswavlebliseulia, roca man igrZno, rom diskusiis Semobrunebisa da dadebiTze yuradRebis gamaxvilebisTvis Sesabamisi momenti dadga. 3) fraza `jgufma isaubra sul mcire erTi megobris yolis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb~. maswavlebelma ramdenime sakvanZo kiTxva dasva, raTa diskusia am gziT waeyvana. es TavisTavad ar momxdara. (pirveli ori magaliTi, gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa efeqtian komunikaciaSi pasiuri xmis macduri bunebis sailustraciod.) aseTi sakvanZo momentebisa da SesaZleblobebis amocnobis unari socialuri problemis gadaWris mizniT, klasis Sekrebebis Catarebis unar-CvevebSi Sedis. misi swavla pirvelive dRes SeuZlebelia, Tumca misi daufleba maswavlebelTa umravlesobas ZaluZs. amrigad, regularulad gamarTuli saklaso Sexvedrebi umniSvnelovanesia warmatebuli swavlisTvis klimatis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT. saSualo skolaSi inglisuris swavlebisas jin stenfordi amave daskvnamde mivida da SeimuSava aqtivobaTa seria erT weliwadSi klasis erTobis Camoyalibebis mizniT. naSromSi `efeqtiani klasebis Camoyalibeba~ (1975) is aqtivobaTa organizacias asakobrivi principis mixedviT axdens. erTmaneTis dafasebamde da Tanaziarobamde moswavleebs erTmaneTis Sesaxeb garkveuli informacia unda hqondeT, ase rom, I etapi orientaciaa. II etapis aqtivobebi uSualod jgufuri pasuxismgeblobis (sxvebis Secnobis swavlebiT), gulisxmierebis (rac gulisxmobs kargi mosmenis unar-Cvevebs), kooperaciuli unar-Cvevebis, SeTanxmebiT gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da socialuri problemis gadaWrisTvis saWiro unar-CvevaTa normebs aviTarebs. III etapi konfliqtisTvis Tavis garTmevas exeba; IV etapi _ produqtiulobas; xolo V etapi _ Sejamebas, rac gulisxmobs saswavlo wlis dasasruls, jgufis cxovrebis dasasrulsa da amasTan dakavSirebiT adamianTa gancdebs. yovelive es integrirebulia saswavlo programasTan da aqcenti keTdeba weraze. kooperaciuli swavlis ramdenime konkretuli modeli SemuSavda, romlebic imgvarad axdenen akademiuri amocanebis struqturirebas, rom moswavleebs urTierTkavSiris, urTierTgagebisa da klasis erTobis gancda uyalibdebaT. (sxvaTa Soris, arsebobs myari safuZveli vifiqroT, rom isini Tanabrad efeqturia akademiuri swavlisaTvisac. mravali mkvlevari _ slavini, jonsoni da jonsoni da Sarami _ amtkicebs, rom isini ukeTesic kia.) swavlis kooperaciuli modelis mixedviT moswavleebi, rogorc wesi, jgufebad muSaoben. skolaSi mimdinare `jgufuri~ muSaobis umravles formaTagan gansxvavebiT aqtivoba isea struqturirebuli, rom davalebis dasruleba an jildo (an orive) damokidebulia yvelas monawileobaze. jgufebi arc zanti moswavleebis gamo isjebian da arc `saukeTesoTa~ gamo jildovdebian. diSonsa da o’lears (Dishon & O’Leary 1984) SesaniSnavad aqvT Sejamebuli am 123
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- Page 111 and 112: maT, rogor gaakeTon is, ris gakeTeb
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- Page 129 and 130: socialuri sistema disciplina 1. mas
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- Page 133 and 134: problemis gansazRvra `vnaxoT, ra ar
- Page 135 and 136: avSvi: SemeZlo meTxova misTvis. dis
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- Page 159 and 160: fiziologiuri daculoba da usafrTxoeb
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- Page 167 and 168: VI nawili reaqcia akrZalul qcevaze
- Page 169 and 170: d i s c i p l i n i s p r o b l e m
- Page 171 and 172: s a v a r j i S o yoveli moswavlis
disciplina<br />
klasSi sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis jin stenfordiseul mraval strategiasac iyenebdnen<br />
(rasac mokled aRvwerT). saqme is aris, rom aseTi sakiTxebi wamlavs, tkivils ayenebs da<br />
asustebs im moswavleTa energiasac, romelTac ar exebaT; ostaturi xelmZRvanelobiT am<br />
sakiTxebze Ria msjelobam SeiZleba arsebiTi cvlilebebi moaxdinos klasis klimatze. arc<br />
<strong>maswavlebeli</strong> glaseris nawyvetidan da arc isini, visTanac Cven vmuSaobdiT, specialurad<br />
ar momzadebulan ganxilvaTa teqnikaSi. isini Cveulebrivi maswavleblebi iyvnen, romelTac<br />
gambedaoba da Tavdadeba gamoiCines da klasSi mtkice sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis mizniT<br />
moswavleTa daxmareba scades. maT icodnen, rom akademiuri winsvlisaken ZalisxmevaSic<br />
did dividendebs debdnen.<br />
gvsurs ramdenime SeniSvna gagiziaroT glaseris naSromidan nawyvetTan dakavSirebiT:<br />
1) iseTi fraza, rogoricaa `mas SesaZlebloba misces, azri im bavSvebisTvis ekiTxa,<br />
romlebic...~ niRbavs lideri maswavleblis ZiriTad gadawyvetilebebs. sinamdvileSi, maswavlebelma<br />
gadawyvita, rom maikisaTvis sasargeblo iqneboda konkretuli magaliTebis<br />
mosmena imis Taobaze, Tu ratom iwvevda misi saqcieli sxvebSi antipaTias. metic, maswavlebelma<br />
gadawyvita, rom maiki metad CaerTveboda (da misTvis ufro usafrTxo iqneboda),<br />
Tu Tavad gamoiZaxebda bavSvebs. 2) fraza _ `maiks hkiTxes, misi azriT, vinme Tu cdilobda,<br />
kargad mohqceoda~ _ maswavlebliseulia, roca man igrZno, rom diskusiis Semobrunebisa<br />
da dadebiTze yuradRebis gamaxvilebisTvis Sesabamisi momenti dadga. 3) fraza `jgufma<br />
isaubra sul mcire erTi megobris yolis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb~. maswavlebelma ramdenime<br />
sakvanZo kiTxva dasva, raTa diskusia am gziT waeyvana. es TavisTavad ar momxdara. (pirveli<br />
ori magaliTi, gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa efeqtian komunikaciaSi pasiuri xmis macduri<br />
bunebis sailustraciod.)<br />
aseTi sakvanZo momentebisa da SesaZleblobebis amocnobis unari socialuri problemis<br />
gadaWris mizniT, klasis Sekrebebis Catarebis unar-CvevebSi Sedis. misi swavla pirvelive<br />
dRes SeuZlebelia, Tumca misi daufleba maswavlebelTa umravlesobas ZaluZs. amrigad,<br />
regularulad gamarTuli saklaso Sexvedrebi umniSvnelovanesia warmatebuli swavlisTvis<br />
klimatis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
saSualo skolaSi inglisuris swavlebisas jin stenfordi amave daskvnamde mivida da<br />
SeimuSava aqtivobaTa seria erT weliwadSi klasis erTobis Camoyalibebis mizniT. naSromSi<br />
`efeqtiani klasebis Camoyalibeba~ (1975) is aqtivobaTa organizacias asakobrivi principis<br />
mixedviT axdens. erTmaneTis dafasebamde da Tanaziarobamde moswavleebs erTmaneTis Sesaxeb<br />
garkveuli informacia unda hqondeT, ase rom, I etapi orientaciaa. II etapis aqtivobebi<br />
uSualod jgufuri pasuxismgeblobis (sxvebis Secnobis swavlebiT), gulisxmierebis (rac<br />
gulisxmobs kargi mosmenis unar-Cvevebs), kooperaciuli unar-Cvevebis, SeTanxmebiT gadawyvetilebis<br />
miRebisa da socialuri problemis gadaWrisTvis saWiro unar-CvevaTa normebs<br />
aviTarebs. III etapi konfliqtisTvis Tavis garTmevas exeba; IV etapi _ produqtiulobas;<br />
xolo V etapi _ Sejamebas, rac gulisxmobs saswavlo wlis dasasruls, jgufis cxovrebis<br />
dasasrulsa da amasTan dakavSirebiT adamianTa gancdebs. yovelive es integrirebulia saswavlo<br />
programasTan da aqcenti keTdeba weraze.<br />
kooperaciuli swavlis ramdenime konkretuli modeli SemuSavda, romlebic imgvarad<br />
axdenen akademiuri amocanebis struqturirebas, rom moswavleebs urTierTkavSiris,<br />
urTierTgagebisa da klasis erTobis gancda uyalibdebaT. (sxvaTa Soris, arsebobs myari<br />
safuZveli vifiqroT, rom isini Tanabrad efeqturia akademiuri swavlisaTvisac. mravali<br />
mkvlevari _ slavini, jonsoni da jonsoni da Sarami _ amtkicebs, rom isini ukeTesic kia.)<br />
swavlis kooperaciuli modelis mixedviT moswavleebi, rogorc wesi, jgufebad muSaoben.<br />
skolaSi mimdinare `jgufuri~ muSaobis umravles formaTagan gansxvavebiT aqtivoba isea<br />
struqturirebuli, rom davalebis dasruleba an jildo (an orive) damokidebulia yvelas<br />
monawileobaze. jgufebi arc zanti moswavleebis gamo isjebian da arc `saukeTesoTa~ gamo<br />
jildovdebian. diSonsa da o’lears (Dishon & O’Leary 1984) SesaniSnavad aqvT Sejamebuli am<br />
123
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