Untitled - Iverieli
Untitled - Iverieli Untitled - Iverieli
aRsaniSnavia, rom Zvel `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ es aris erTaderTi adgili, romelic awyuris xatis saswaulmoqmedebas Seexeba da, rogorc Cans, swored am faqtma (xatis uvneblad gadarCenam) Seuwyo xeli awyuris RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqmedebebze zepiri gadmocemebis gavrcelebas. niSandoblivia isic, rom mocemuli saswauli qronologiurad emTxveva samZivarTa sagvareulos zeobis periods (XII-XV ss.). 1283 wlis miwisZvris dros momxdari saswauli ar aris Setanili manuelis `TxrobaSi~, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom XIII-XIV saukuneebSi, roca JamTaaRmwerlis `aswlovani matiane~ iwereboda, awyuris xatis saswaulTa cikli jer kidev ar iyo literaturulad gaformebuli da miwisZvris epizodi swored amitom ver moxvda teqstSi. aqedan gamomdinare, awyuris xatis matianis Sedgena ufro gvianaa sagulvebeli, rogorc amas m. brose varaudobda. `manuelis Txrobis~ daweris dros (1501-1504 ww.) awyuris xatis matiane ukve arsebobs da Targmnilia berZnul enaze. mesxuri gadmocemis garda, masSi warmodgenilia: herakle keisris droindeli qronika (VII s) da xatis tyveobidan gamoxsnis saswaulebi (XV s). ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani cal-calke: I. matianeSi mesxur gadmocemas qronologiurad agrZelebs herakle keisris mier RvTismSoblis xatis moxilvis epizodi, romelic `axal qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ CanarTis saxiT SeutaniaT. am CanarTis mixedviT, herakle keisari 620 wels Cavida samcxeSi: `esma saswaulT-moqmedeba xatisa mis, romeli wmidasa RmrTismSobelsa gamoesaxa da mieca pirvelwodebulisa andriasTÂs, da mas moesvena da daesvenebina mciresa ekudersa Sina awyuers. movida keisari erakle xilvad da Tayuaniscemad xatisa mis. maSin iwyo erakle awyuers didisa saydrisa saZirkuelisa Cagdebad da Senebad, vidremdis 121 mieriTgan gansrulda morwmuneTa kacTa mier, da mier Seqmnes saepiskoposod~ (qca I: 224). `manuelis TxrobaSi~ heraklesdroindel qronikas amgvari saxe aqvs: `mefeTa Soris ganTqmuli berZenTa imperatori herakle, uRvTo sparselebis winaaRmdeg omidan modioda, roca, saRvTo SuriT aRvsebulma, safuZvlidan aRaSena es, rogorc amboben, warsulSi mcire [taZari] (igi dResac gvakvirvebs Tavisi mSvenierebiTa da sididiT) da wminda saboZvrad da Sesawirad miuZRvna deda RvTisas. Tumca erTi adgilobrivi mTavaric (τοπάρχης) sakmaod daexmara mas am taZris aRdgenasa da SemkobaSi. mravali sneuli da uZluri evedreboda RvTismSoblis wminda xats da myisve ikurneboda. [am xatma] maSin mravali saswauli moimoqmeda da dRemde Seeweva yvelas, vinc rwmeniT mimarTavs mas~. amrigad, manueli damatebiT aRniSnavs, rom sparselebTan omis Semdeg awyurSi sagangebod Casul herakle keisars awyuris taZris aRdgenaSi erTi adgilobrivi mTavaric (τοπάρχης) daexmara (bartikiani 1987: 80-81). damowmebuli cnobebi awyuris sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobas Seexeba da, SesaZloa, Zvel qronikalur Canawers (taZris samSeneblo warweras) emyarebodes. maTSi araferia saswaulebrivi (Tu ar CavTvliT berZnuli versiis daskvniT nawils), amitom awyuris xatis saswaulTa ciklis qarTvel avtors, matianis specifikidan gamomdinare, igi mesxuri gadmocemidan aRebuli iseTi niSandoblivi realiebiT ganuvrcia, rogoricaa: a) RvTismSoblis xatis saswaulebrivad gamosaxva; b) wm. andrias saqarTveloSi warmogzavna; g) xatis dasveneba awyuris Zvel eklesiaSi – `mcire ekuderSi~. am TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa d. berZeniSvilis dakvirveba: `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTebi, dakavSirebuli andria pirvelwodebulis samcxesa da awyverSi 122
moRvaweobasTan, aseve CanarTi herakle keisris saqar- TveloSi Semosvlis Sesaxeb gvafiqrebinebs, rom SesaZloa, maT erTi avtori hyavdeT. esaa samcxe-aWaris istoriuli geografiis detalebSi kargad garkveuli pirovneba, egebis mawyvereli episkoposic ki (andria `warmoemarTa~, `moiwia awyvers~)~ (berZeniSvili 2004: 82). mesxur gadmocemasa da heraklesdroindel qronika- Si dadasturebuli erTiani redaqtirebis kvali naTlad adasturebs, rom `axali qarTlis cxovrebis~ redaqtorebs xelT aqvT awyuris xatis iseTive matiane, rogoric `manuelis TxrobaSia~ warmodgenili. amaze naTlad metyvelebs is garemoeba, rom vrceli awyuruli matianis yvela fragmenti (mesxuri gadmocema, heraklesdroindeli qronika da awyuris xatis tyveobidan gamoxsnis saswaulebi) `axali qarTlis cxovrebis~ erTsa da imave – b baraTaSviliseul, p falavandiSviliseul (mxedrul) da B broseseul – nusxebSia warmodgenili. II. `manuelis TxrobaSi~ awyuris xatis Semdgomi istoria mxolod XV saukunis meore naxevridan grZeldeba, roca es siwminde uvneblad gaTavisuflda uzunhasanis tyveobidan. analogiuri suraTia `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTebSic. awyuruli matianis am monakveTSi, kerZod, naTqvamia, rom 1477 wels, uzun-hasanis saqarTveloSi laSqrobis dros, awyuris xati pirvelad daatyveves, samcxe bnelma moicva da mesxebi qvemo iveriaSi gaixiznen. mesxTa devnuleba da xatis tyveoba Svid wels gagrZelda, gvauwyebs `Txroba manuelisa~ (bartikiani 1987: 79). qarTuli versia amatebs, rom xatis gamtacebel Turqmanebs male `risxva RmrTisa~ daatydaT Tavs: `arca Soba dedakacman, arca pirutyuman, arca hyo xeman nayofi, arca miwaman aRmoacena~. iranelma brZenkacebma (`ubrZenesTa kacTa~) daaskvnes, rom am ubedurebebis mizezi 123 datyvevebuli saswaulmoqmedi xati iyo, romelic nadavlSi `uRrmessa adgilsa bargisasa [esvena] da, viTarca ganTendis, aRmovidis siRrmisagan da maRlad mjdomare ixilvebodes da viTarca mze brwyinevdis~. saswaulSi bolomde dasarwmuneblad Turqmanebma xati uxedn kvics daakres da `viTarca daakres kicusa mas zeda wmida ese xati, esreT marTliad warmoemarTa gzasa samcxed momyvanebelsa, viTarca saCino mÃedari da aRÂriTa mpyrobeli da mmarTebeli~. tyveobidan RvTis gangebiT dabrunebulma xatma elvasaviT `gananaTla sruliad samcxe~ da im adgils, sadac es saswauli moxda, `elavsi~ uwodes (qca II: 480-481). manuel ritoris `TxrobaSi~ elavss elasi (Έλας) hqvia. saswaulis gadmocemisas SeiniSneba bibliuri interteqstis zegavlena, rasac yuradReba miaqcia z. kiknaZem: qarTlSi gaxiznulma mesxebma awyuris xatis mier ganaTebul samcxeSi dabruneba daapires, magram qarTlis mefe konstantine II akavebda maT, `viTarca odesme farao israelTa~ (kiknaZe 2000: 257-261) 78 . am mizezis gamo 1483 wels sofel aradeTTan samcxis aTabag yvaryvaresa da qarTlis mefes Soris brZola gaimarTa, romelSic mesxebma `gaimarjves~. awyureli mematiane maT `Zlevas~ RvTismSoblis xatis saswaulmoqmedebiT xsnis: `aTabags da mesxT gaemarjua. da eseviTari Zleva aRadgines mesxTa qarTvelTa zeda, romlisa msgavsi ara sada smenil ars, da mosrnes mravalni warCinebulni mefisani. xolo mefe ltolvili mcirediTa mÃedriTa ganera da ukun iqca saxed TÂsad. xolo mesxni ukmoiqces ZlevaSemosilni mSÂdobiT da madidebelni yovladwmidisa RmrTismSobelisani, da movides samcxes~ (qca II: 481). ` 78 aseTive analogias mimarTavs `Txroba manuelisa~: `rogorc Zveli egviptelebi, romlebic ebraelebs qveynidan gasvlis saSualebas ar aZlevdnen~ (bartikiani 1987: 81). 124
- Page 12 and 13: Semcvel uZveles xelnawerSi (A-1103,
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- Page 76 and 77: 49. TamaraSvili 1995: TamaraSvili m
- Page 78 and 79: Ramaz Khalvashi APOSTLE ST. ANDREW
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moRvaweobasTan, aseve CanarTi herakle keisris saqar-<br />
TveloSi Semosvlis Sesaxeb gvafiqrebinebs, rom SesaZloa,<br />
maT erTi avtori hyavdeT. esaa samcxe-aWaris istoriuli<br />
geografiis detalebSi kargad garkveuli pirovneba,<br />
egebis mawyvereli episkoposic ki (andria `warmoemarTa~,<br />
`moiwia awyvers~)~ (berZeniSvili 2004: 82).<br />
mesxur gadmocemasa da heraklesdroindel qronika-<br />
Si dadasturebuli erTiani redaqtirebis kvali naTlad<br />
adasturebs, rom `axali qarTlis cxovrebis~ redaqtorebs<br />
xelT aqvT awyuris xatis iseTive matiane,<br />
rogoric `manuelis TxrobaSia~ warmodgenili. amaze<br />
naTlad metyvelebs is garemoeba, rom vrceli awyuruli<br />
matianis yvela fragmenti (mesxuri gadmocema,<br />
heraklesdroindeli qronika da awyuris xatis tyveobidan<br />
gamoxsnis saswaulebi) `axali qarTlis cxovrebis~<br />
erTsa da imave – b baraTaSviliseul, p falavandiSviliseul<br />
(mxedrul) da B broseseul – nusxebSia<br />
warmodgenili.<br />
II. `manuelis TxrobaSi~ awyuris xatis Semdgomi istoria<br />
mxolod XV saukunis meore naxevridan grZeldeba,<br />
roca es siwminde uvneblad gaTavisuflda uzunhasanis<br />
tyveobidan. analogiuri suraTia `qarTlis<br />
cxovrebis~ CanarTebSic.<br />
awyuruli matianis am monakveTSi, kerZod, naTqvamia,<br />
rom 1477 wels, uzun-hasanis saqarTveloSi laSqrobis<br />
dros, awyuris xati pirvelad daatyveves, samcxe bnelma<br />
moicva da mesxebi qvemo iveriaSi gaixiznen. mesxTa<br />
devnuleba da xatis tyveoba Svid wels gagrZelda, gvauwyebs<br />
`Txroba manuelisa~ (bartikiani 1987: 79). qarTuli<br />
versia amatebs, rom xatis gamtacebel Turqmanebs<br />
male `risxva RmrTisa~ daatydaT Tavs: `arca Soba<br />
dedakacman, arca pirutyuman, arca hyo xeman nayofi,<br />
arca miwaman aRmoacena~. iranelma brZenkacebma (`ubrZenesTa<br />
kacTa~) daaskvnes, rom am ubedurebebis mizezi<br />
123<br />
datyvevebuli saswaulmoqmedi xati iyo, romelic nadavlSi<br />
`uRrmessa adgilsa bargisasa [esvena] da, viTarca<br />
ganTendis, aRmovidis siRrmisagan da maRlad<br />
mjdomare ixilvebodes da viTarca mze brwyinevdis~.<br />
saswaulSi bolomde dasarwmuneblad Turqmanebma xati<br />
uxedn kvics daakres da `viTarca daakres kicusa mas<br />
zeda wmida ese xati, esreT marTliad warmoemarTa<br />
gzasa samcxed momyvanebelsa, viTarca saCino mÃedari<br />
da aRÂriTa mpyrobeli da mmarTebeli~. tyveobidan<br />
RvTis gangebiT dabrunebulma xatma elvasaviT `gananaTla<br />
sruliad samcxe~ da im adgils, sadac es<br />
saswauli moxda, `elavsi~ uwodes (qca II: 480-481).<br />
manuel ritoris `TxrobaSi~ elavss elasi (Έλας) hqvia.<br />
saswaulis gadmocemisas SeiniSneba bibliuri interteqstis<br />
zegavlena, rasac yuradReba miaqcia z. kiknaZem:<br />
qarTlSi gaxiznulma mesxebma awyuris xatis mier<br />
ganaTebul samcxeSi dabruneba daapires, magram qarTlis<br />
mefe konstantine II akavebda maT, `viTarca odesme<br />
farao israelTa~ (kiknaZe 2000: 257-261) 78 . am mizezis<br />
gamo 1483 wels sofel aradeTTan samcxis aTabag yvaryvaresa<br />
da qarTlis mefes Soris brZola gaimarTa,<br />
romelSic mesxebma `gaimarjves~. awyureli mematiane<br />
maT `Zlevas~ RvTismSoblis xatis saswaulmoqmedebiT<br />
xsnis:<br />
`aTabags da mesxT gaemarjua. da eseviTari Zleva<br />
aRadgines mesxTa qarTvelTa zeda, romlisa msgavsi ara<br />
sada smenil ars, da mosrnes mravalni warCinebulni<br />
mefisani. xolo mefe ltolvili mcirediTa mÃedriTa<br />
ganera da ukun iqca saxed TÂsad. xolo mesxni ukmoiqces<br />
ZlevaSemosilni mSÂdobiT da madidebelni yovladwmidisa<br />
RmrTismSobelisani, da movides samcxes~ (qca II: 481).<br />
`<br />
78 aseTive analogias mimarTavs `Txroba manuelisa~: `rogorc Zveli<br />
egviptelebi, romlebic ebraelebs qveynidan gasvlis saSualebas ar<br />
aZlevdnen~ (bartikiani 1987: 81).<br />
124
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