Tabella 12: Impatti ambientali fase <strong>di</strong> produzione cella Cella 30 Ah GWP (kg CO2eq) ODP (kg CFC- 11eq) POCP (kg C2H4eq) AP (kg SO2eq) EP (kg PO4 3- Alluminio (col<strong>le</strong>ttore <strong>di</strong> corrente el. +) 0,11 4,7E-08 1,8E-04 6,9E-04 1,3E-04 Rame (col<strong>le</strong>ttore <strong>di</strong> corrente el. -) 0,72 6,4E-08 6,9E-03 1,1E-01 1,3E-01 Tetrafluoroeti<strong>le</strong>ne (<strong>le</strong>gante) 10,17 6,0E-04 3,4E-04 3,7E-03 7,8E-04 Grafite (materia<strong>le</strong> attivo el. -) 0,26 1,2E-07 2,8E-03 1,4E-03 1,4E-03 Carbonato <strong>di</strong> eti<strong>le</strong>ne (E<strong>le</strong>ttrolita) 0,01 3,4E-10 8,9E-06 2,1E-05 1,0E-05 Nichel 0,02 2,1E-09 1,8E-04 3,3E-03 3,1E-04 Alluminio 0,04 2,4E-09 2,3E-05 1,6E-04 6,6E-05 Gomma 0,00 7,0E-10 5,3E-06 1,1E-05 4,4E-06 Ad<strong>di</strong>viti carboniosi 0,05 2,5E-08 2,9E-05 1,3E-04 1,8E-05 Litio ferro fosfato (materia<strong>le</strong> attivo el. +) 1,95 2,4E-07 1,4E-03 1,6E-02 2,6E-02 Materia<strong>le</strong> acrilico 0,01 8,1E-10 9,6E-06 2,7E-05 1,2E-05 Polieti<strong>le</strong>ne 0,04 1,1E-11 9,0E-05 1,2E-04 1,1E-05 Polipropi<strong>le</strong>ne 0,03 8,6E-12 6,9E-05 9,4E-05 1,2E-05 Tota<strong>le</strong> 13,42 6,0E-04 1,2E-02 1,3E-01 1,5E-01 Cella 60 Ah GWP (kg CO2eq) ODP (kg CFC- 11eq) POCP (kg C2H4eq) AP (kg SO2eq) eq) EP (kg PO4 3- Alluminio (col<strong>le</strong>ttore <strong>di</strong> corrente el. +) 0,20 8,4E-08 3,2E-04 1,2E-03 2,3E-04 Rame (col<strong>le</strong>ttore <strong>di</strong> corrente el. -) 1,28 1,1E-07 1,2E-02 1,9E-01 2,2E-01 Tetrafluoroeti<strong>le</strong>ne (<strong>le</strong>gante) 18,04 1,1E-03 6,0E-04 6,5E-03 1,4E-03 Grafite (materia<strong>le</strong> attivo el. -) 0,46 2,1E-07 5,0E-03 2,5E-03 2,5E-03 Carbonato <strong>di</strong> eti<strong>le</strong>ne (E<strong>le</strong>ttrolita) 0,01 5,9E-10 1,6E-05 3,8E-05 1,8E-05 Nichel 0,04 3,7E-09 3,2E-04 5,9E-03 5,5E-04 Alluminio 0,07 4,3E-09 4,2E-05 2,8E-04 1,2E-04 Gomma 0,01 1,2E-09 8,8E-06 1,9E-05 7,4E-06 Ad<strong>di</strong>viti carboniosi 0,09 4,4E-08 5,1E-05 2,2E-04 3,1E-05 Litio ferro fosfato (materia<strong>le</strong> attivo el. +) 3,46 4,3E-07 2,5E-03 2,9E-02 4,6E-02 Materia<strong>le</strong> acrilico 0,01 1,4E-09 1,7E-05 4,8E-05 2,2E-05 Polieti<strong>le</strong>ne 0,06 2,0E-11 1,6E-04 2,1E-04 2,0E-05 Polipropi<strong>le</strong>ne 0,06 1,5E-11 1,2E-04 1,7E-04 2,1E-05 Tota<strong>le</strong> 23,81 1,1E-03 2,1E-02 2,3E-01 2,7E-01 Cella 100 Ah GWP (kg CO2eq) ODP (kg CFC- 11eq) POCP (kg C2H4eq) AP (kg SO2eq) eq) EP (kg PO4 3- Alluminio (col<strong>le</strong>ttore <strong>di</strong> corrente el. +) 0,34 1,4E-07 5,3E-04 2,0E-03 3,8E-04 Rame (col<strong>le</strong>ttore <strong>di</strong> corrente el. -) 2,13 1,9E-07 2,0E-02 3,2E-01 3,7E-01 Tetrafluoroeti<strong>le</strong>ne (<strong>le</strong>gante) 30,07 1,8E-03 1,0E-03 1,1E-02 2,3E-03 Grafite (materia<strong>le</strong> attivo el. -) 0,77 3,5E-07 8,3E-03 4,2E-03 4,2E-03 Carbonato <strong>di</strong> eti<strong>le</strong>ne (E<strong>le</strong>ttrolita) 0,02 9,9E-10 2,6E-05 6,3E-05 3,1E-05 Nichel 0,07 6,2E-09 5,3E-04 9,7E-03 9,2E-04 Alluminio 0,11 7,1E-09 6,9E-05 4,6E-04 2,0E-04 Gomma 0,01 2,0E-09 1,5E-05 3,2E-05 1,3E-05 Ad<strong>di</strong>viti carboniosi 0,15 7,4E-08 8,4E-05 3,7E-04 5,2E-05 Litio ferro fosfato (materia<strong>le</strong> attivo el. +) 5,77 7,2E-07 4,2E-03 4,8E-02 7,7E-02 Materia<strong>le</strong> acrilico 0,02 2,4E-09 2,8E-05 8,0E-05 3,6E-05 Polieti<strong>le</strong>ne 0,11 3,3E-11 2,7E-04 3,5E-04 3,3E-05 Polipropi<strong>le</strong>ne 0,10 2,5E-11 2,0E-04 2,8E-04 3,4E-05 Tota<strong>le</strong> 39,69 1,8E-03 3,6E-02 3,9E-01 4,6E-01 eq) 23
Tabella 13: Consumo <strong>di</strong> energia primaria fase d’uso del<strong>le</strong> UFs Energia non rinnovabi<strong>le</strong> (MJ) Energia rinnovabi<strong>le</strong> (MJ) Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 30 Ah 1328,82 120,75 Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 60 Ah 2683,99 243,90 Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 100 Ah 4546,43 413,15 Tabella 14: Impatti ambientali fase d’uso del<strong>le</strong> UFs GWP (kg CO2eq) ODP (kg CFC-11eq) POCP (kg C2H4eq) AP (kg SO2eq) EP (kg PO43-eq) Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 30 Ah 66,03 3,3E-06 2,0E-02 0,26 0,20 Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 60 Ah 133,36 6,7E-06 4,1E-02 0,52 0,40 Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 100 Ah 225,91 1,1E-05 6,9E-02 0,89 0,68 Tabella 15: Consumo <strong>di</strong> energia primaria fase <strong>di</strong> fine vita del<strong>le</strong> UFs Energia non rinnovabi<strong>le</strong> (MJ) Energia rinnovabi<strong>le</strong> (MJ) Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 30 Ah 51,93 3,27 Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 60 Ah 92,12 5,80 Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 100 Ah 153,54 9,66 Tabella 16: Impatti ambientali fase <strong>di</strong> fine vita del<strong>le</strong> UFs GWP (kg CO2eq) ODP (kg CFC-11eq) POCP (kg C2H4eq) AP (kg SO2eq) EP (kg PO43-eq) Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 30 Ah 1,07 5,6E-08 6,8E-04 0,01 0,00 Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 60 Ah 1,90 1,0E-07 1,2E-03 0,02 0,00 Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 100 Ah 3,16 1,7E-07 2,0E-03 0,03 0,01 Relativamente al consumo <strong>di</strong> energia primaria i risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato che la fase d’uso (Figure 3-4-5) del<strong>le</strong> batterie è responsabi<strong>le</strong> dei maggiori impatti energetico – ambientali (dal 56 al 63%) durante l’intero ciclo <strong>di</strong> vita. Trascurabi<strong>le</strong> risulta invece la fase <strong>di</strong> fine vita, i cui impatti sono pari circa al 2% del tota<strong>le</strong>. La fase <strong>di</strong> produzione incide sul tota<strong>le</strong> degli impatti energetico-ambientali <strong>per</strong> una <strong>per</strong>centua<strong>le</strong> variabi<strong>le</strong> dal 35 al 42%. 1449,6 MJ (56%) Batteria con cel<strong>le</strong> da 30 Ah Produzione 55,2 MJ (2%) 1070,4 MJ (42%) Uso Fine vita Figura 3: Consumo <strong>di</strong> energia primaria, incidenza % del<strong>le</strong> varie fasi del ciclo <strong>di</strong> vita 24
- Page 1 and 2: Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecn
- Page 3 and 4: Inquadramento programmatico Il Pres
- Page 5 and 6: 1. Scopo del documento Il documento
- Page 7 and 8: Per quel che riguarda invece le reg
- Page 9 and 10: Gli studi esaminati risultano purtr
- Page 11 and 12: Figura 1: Batterie prodotte da Hipo
- Page 13 and 14: N.4 Celle BMS Elettricità Produzio
- Page 15 and 16: I data sets primari costituiranno u
- Page 17 and 18: Litio ferro fosfato vedi Tabella 6
- Page 19 and 20: 5. Organizzazione dei data sets pri
- Page 21 and 22: 6. Valutazione degli impatti Il pro
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- Page 27 and 28: 7. Interpretazione dei risultati I
- Page 29 and 30: 9. Bibliografia Boureima Fayçal-Si
- Page 31 and 32: Allegato 1 Schede dei dati raccolti
- Page 33 and 34: - Uso; - Fine vita. 32
- Page 35 and 36: 4. Metadati Unità funzionale (U.F.
- Page 37 and 38: Scheda N.2 1. Prodotto: Batteria al
- Page 39 and 40: Esaurimento di metalli (MDP) 0,85 [
- Page 41: di cut-off basato su una combinazio
- Page 44 and 45: Figura D: Confini del sistema Regol
- Page 46 and 47: Scheda N.5 1. Prodotto: 1) Batteria
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- Page 56 and 57: Scheda N.10 1. Prodotto: Veicolo el
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- Page 69 and 70: (2) kg/a 2.2 Qual è la produzione
- Page 71 and 72: QUESTIONNAIRE TO COLLECT DATA RELAT
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SALE OF THE PRODUCT 1 Percentage (%
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Copper, 0.99% in sulfide, Cu 0.36%
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TiO2, 54% in ilmenite, 2.6% in crud
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Transformation, to dump site, inert
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Formaldehyde Emission to air Furan
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1-Butanol Emission to air high. pop
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Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifl
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Ozone Emission to air high. pop. µ
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Antimony Emission to air low. pop.
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Iodine-135 Emission to air low. pop
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Thorium Emission to air low. pop.
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Carbon dioxide, fossil Emission to
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Solved solids Emission to water Str
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BOD5, Biological Oxygen Demand Emis
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Chlorinated solvents, unspecified E
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2-Methyl-1-propanol Emission to wat
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Dimethylamine Emission to water riv
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Propylamine Emission to water river
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Oils, unspecified Emission to soil
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Magnesium Emission to soil industri
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Dolomite, in ground Resource in gro
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Volume occupied, final repository f
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Transformation, to forest, intensiv
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Hydrocarbons, aliphatic, alkanes, u
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2-Aminopropanol Emission to air hig
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Ethene, chloro- Emission to air hig
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Pentane Emission to air high. pop.
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Barium Emission to air low. pop. mg
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Krypton-87 Emission to air low. pop
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Tin Emission to air low. pop. mg 22
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Ethylene oxide Emission to air stra
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Thallium Emission to water Tin, ion
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Chloride Emission to water groundwa
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Cyanide Emission to water ocean mg
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Acetaldehyde Emission to water rive
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Ethene Emission to water river mg 3
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Radium-224 Emission to water river
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Aldrin Emission to soil agricultura
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Silicon Emission to soil industrial
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Dolomite, in ground Resource in gro
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Volume occupied, final repository f
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Transformation, to forest, intensiv
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Hydrocarbons, aliphatic, alkanes, u
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2-Aminopropanol Emission to air hig
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Ethene, chloro- Emission to air hig
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Pentane Emission to air high. pop.
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Barium Emission to air low. pop. mg
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Krypton-87 Emission to air low. pop
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Tin Emission to air low. pop. mg 36
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Ethylene oxide Emission to air stra
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Thallium Emission to water Tin, ion
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Chloride Emission to water groundwa
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Cyanide Emission to water ocean g 1
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Acetaldehyde Emission to water rive
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Ethene Emission to water river mg 4
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Radium-224 Emission to water river
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Aldrin Emission to soil agricultura
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Silicon Emission to soil industrial
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Feldspar, in ground Resource in gro
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Volume occupied, final repository f
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Transformation, to forest, intensiv
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Hydrocarbons, aliphatic, unsaturate
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2-Butene, 2-methyl- Emission to air
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Ethene, tetrachloro- Emission to ai
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Phenol Emission to air high. pop.
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Barium-140 Emission to air low. pop
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Krypton-88 Emission to air low. pop
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Titanium Emission to air low. pop.
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Formaldehyde Emission to air strato
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Titanium, ion Emission to water TOC
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Cobalt Emission to water groundwate
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Fluoride Emission to water ocean mg
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Acetone Emission to water river ng
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Ethyl acetate Emission to water riv
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Radium-228 Emission to water river
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Antimony Emission to soil agricultu
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Strontium Emission to soil industri
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Feldspar, in ground Resource in gro
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Volume occupied, final repository f
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Transformation, to forest, intensiv
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Hydrocarbons, aliphatic, unsaturate
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2-Butene, 2-methyl- Emission to air
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Ethene, tetrachloro- Emission to ai
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Phenol Emission to air high. pop.
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Barium-140 Emission to air low. pop
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Krypton-88 Emission to air low. pop
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Titanium Emission to air low. pop.
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Formaldehyde Emission to air strato
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Titanium, ion Emission to water TOC
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Cobalt Emission to water groundwate
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Fluoride Emission to water ocean mg
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Acetone Emission to water river ng
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Ethyl acetate Emission to water riv
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Radium-228 Emission to water river
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Antimony Emission to soil agricultu
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Strontium Emission to soil industri