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Riconquistare il paesaggio The most dynamic activities here are connected to the religious orders on one side, and to culture, nature and the forests on the other. Among pilgrimage, forest management, hiking and tourism, the latter is the most evident driving force. However, this has a major impact both on the landscape of the forest and the religious institutions within it. Continuous cooperation between the religious and laic institutions is imperative in a place where the religious community has such a long-lasting presence. These forests have been preserved for about eight centuries by the Camaldolesi and Franciscan monastic orders, which set up the roles for their forest management in 1520 with the Forestry Code of Camaldoli, continuing in force until 1866 when the forest became state property and a part of the National Park (Frigerio, 1991). 6. Conclusions Case studies around the world have confirmed the hypothesis that sacred natural sites and sacred landscapes serve to conserve both natural and cultural values (Putney, 2006; Mallarach and Papayannis, 2007; McIvor and Pungetti, 2008). Nevertheless, these landscapes are also under increasing pressure and urgent measures to preserve them are necessary. On this line, IUCN projects and initiatives on sacred natural sites are attempting to develop improved legal frameworks and guidelines for the recognition and management of these sites. Among these are the 3S, the CCLP Initiative on Sacred Species and Sites, and Delos, the Medina-Silene Initiative on Sacred Natural Sites in Technologically Developed Countries. The Casentino Forests Case Study belongs to both. In this area, the natural, spiritual and cultural heritage of the site is understood and accepted not only by the monastic communities and the park authorities, but also by the local authorities and people. However, better planning and management are necessary to reduce the conflicts between the needs of the religious communities and those of the visitors. Furthermore, the local communities should be involved in the planning and management decisions taken for the area and people should be educated about the link between the natural and cultural values of these forests. This should assist in preserving also the spiritual values of these landscapes, as was done in the past. Finally these values, which are at the core of the Cambridge Centre for Landscape and People, can support landscape diversity as well as awareness, understanding and respect of our European landscapes. CCLP has therefore become for the Florence Convention a focal point for the cultural and spiritual values of our European landscapes, with a network covering all Europe and linking UNESCO, IUCN and WWF with the Council of Europe. CCLP, consequently, is carrying out studies which promote interdisciplinary cooperation and dialogue on landscape and on the people that live in it. Bibliography AA VV, 2003 – The National Park of the Casentino Forests: Where the trees touch the sky. Giunti, Florence-Milan. Ardito, S., 2000 – Guida alle Meraviglie sconosciute d’Abruzzo. Carsa Edizioni, Pescara. Cetoloni, R., Bernacchi F. and Locatelli F., 2003 – The Sanctuary of La Verna. La Verna-Pazzini Editore, Villa Verucchio. Council of Europe, 2000 – European Landscape Convention, Council of Europe, Strasbourg. Fontana, F., Lodari R. and Sorrenti P., 2004 – Luoghi e vie di pellegrinaggio. I Sacri Monti del Piemonte e della Lombardia. Centro di Documentazione dei Sacri Monti, Calvari e Complessi devozionali europei. Frigerio, S., 1991 – Camaldoli: Historical, Spiritual and Artistic Notes. Edizioni Camaldoli-Pazzini Editore, Villa Verucchio (RN). Indelli, G., 1999 – Cilento: The National Park’s Nature and Landscape. Giorgio Mondadori, Milano. 365
366 Makhzoumi, J. and Pungetti G., 1999 – Ecological Landscape Design and Planning: The Mediterranean context. Spon-Routledge, London, 330 pp. Mallarach, J. and Papayannis T. (eds.), 2007 – Protected Areas and Spirituality. IUCN and PAM, Gland and Barcelona. McIvor, A. and Pungetti G., 2008 – Can sacredness help protect species? World Conservation, 38 (1), 18. Melis, G., 2005 – Dalle aree naturali protette al patrimonio UNESCO: il paesaggio culturale dei sacri monti del piemonte e della lombardia. Politiche di tutela e di gestione. Tesi di Laurea, relatore Prof.ssa T.K.Kirova, Politecnico di Torino. Micati, E., 2000 – Eremi d’Abruzzo. Carsa Edizioni, Pescara. Pelgrom, J. and Stek T.D., 2006 – Paesaggi del Sacro: Ricognizione archeologica delle terre intorno i santuari sannitici di San Giovanni in Galdo (loc. Colle Rimontato) e Gildone (loc. Cupa). Istituto Olandese, Roma. Pungetti, G., 1995 – Anthropological approach to agricultural landscape history in Sardinia. Landscape and Urban Planning, 31: 41-56. Pungetti, G., 1996 – Landscape in Sardinia: History, features, policies. CUEC, Cagliari. Pungetti, G. and Romano B., 2004 – Planning the future landscape between nature and culture. In R. Jongman and G. Pungetti (eds.), Ecological Networks and Greenways: Concept, design, implementation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 107-127. Putney, A., 2006 – Sacred dimensions: Understanding the cultural and spiritual values of protected areas. IUCN WCPA, Gland.
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RICONQUISTARE IL PAESAGGIO La Conve
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A cura di: Corrado Teofili e Rosa C
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Sommario Presentazione, di Enzo Ven
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Presentazione di Enzo Venini Presid
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Riconquistare il paesaggio diversi
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18 INTRODUZIONE Ma ora, all’inizi
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Page 370: La Convenzione Europea sul Paesaggi
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