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Quaderni di Cultura e Progetto del Colore - Istituto Del Colore

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CULTURA / CULTURE [ 1 2 (3 + 4) 5 6 ]<br />

da 18 colori, il Marrone non esiste.<br />

I riferimenti dei colori “Marrone” sono <strong>di</strong> vario tipo, come avviene per tutti<br />

i colori. Un riferimento d’obbligo è naturalmente quello relativo al mondo<br />

vegetale (Marrone o Castagna, Castagna d’In<strong>di</strong>a, Marroncino bosco<br />

ecc.). Un altro riferimento è quello <strong>di</strong>retto o in<strong>di</strong>retto al regno animale<br />

(Marron pulce, Marrone fegato, Marrone osso ecc.), al mondo industriale<br />

(Marrone Fiat, Marrone Ral ecc.), al regno minerale (Marrone <strong>di</strong> rame,<br />

Marrone dorato, Marrone zolfo, Ocra marrone ecc.). Un altro riferimento,<br />

ancora, è quello storico (Marrone azteco, Marrone Bismark ecc.) e quello<br />

geografico (Marrone francese, Marrone fiorentino, Marrone in<strong>di</strong>ano,<br />

Marrone Avana, ecc.). Non mancano i riferimenti alla moda (“Marrone<br />

dei tinturieri” ecc.), all’arte (le velature “marronastre” <strong>di</strong> Rembrandt, il<br />

“marrone–rosato chiaro” <strong>di</strong> Vermeer ecc.) e alla gastronomia (Marrone<br />

castagna, Marrone arrostito, Marrone cioccolata/o Marron glacé, Marrone<br />

moka ecc), a oggetti <strong>di</strong> uso quoti<strong>di</strong>ano (Marrone scuro bagagli). Di<br />

tutti i riferimenti, i nomi marroni <strong>di</strong> fantasia sono numerosi, ma anche<br />

piuttosto improbabili (Marrone calypso, Marrone conchiglia ecc.).<br />

Mentre per molti altri colori comuni, si trovano materie coloranti da cui<br />

derivano in modo naturale e più o meno <strong>di</strong>retto, sin dall’antichità, a<br />

parte la “Lacca <strong>di</strong> robbia marrone” <strong>di</strong> George Field, il “Marrone <strong>di</strong> Hay” e<br />

pochi altri, per il “Marrone”, che deriva dall’ossido <strong>di</strong> manganese, bisogna<br />

aspettare l’era moderna, con i colori organici derivati dal catrame<br />

(Marrone zolfo, Marrone d’anilina, Marrone imme<strong>di</strong>ato ecc.).<br />

Al solito, anche per un colore poco eccitante come il Marrone, il fattore<br />

moltiplicatore è dato dalle sue ovvie declinazioni (Marrone chiaro,<br />

Marrone caldo, Marrone carico, Marrone carico tirante al violetto, Marrone<br />

cupo ecc.), dalle sue associazioni con altri nomi <strong>di</strong> colori (Marrone<br />

arancio, Bruno marrone, Giallo marrone, Rosa marrone, Grigio marrone,<br />

Marrone verdastro ecc.) o dalla combinazione dei due (Marrone rossiccio<br />

chiaro, Porpora marrone scuro ecc.). Partito come un colore oggettivamente<br />

poco menzionato nei <strong>di</strong>zionari dei colori, classici, grazie alle<br />

sue declinazioni e all’apertura ai nomi <strong>di</strong> fantasia, il marrone finisce per<br />

moltiplicarsi come avviene in genere per tutti i colori, pur rimanendo<br />

decisamente un colore poco eccitante, anche se a tutti piacciono i Marron<br />

glacé o la cioccolata e ammirano Rembrandt….<br />

Castaneus (Castaneous).<br />

Per il Répertoire des couleurs, il marrone è la riproduzione <strong>del</strong> Castaneus<br />

<strong>del</strong> Professor Saccardo. Per Kelly-Judd, Castaneous è sinonimo<br />

sia <strong>di</strong> “Castagna” (Chestnut), che <strong>di</strong> “Marrone” (Maroon). La sua traduzione<br />

in italiano potrebbe essere “Castagnino”.<br />

Notazioni: Munsell: 9.0R 3.4/2.4 - NCS: S 7010-Y30R.<br />

Denominazioni ISCC.NBS: 43 – Bruno rossiccio grigiastro (grayish red<strong>di</strong>sh<br />

Brown).<br />

Marron glacé (Marron glacé).<br />

Kelly-Judd assimilano il Marron glacé (“Marrone can<strong>di</strong>to”) ad un colore<br />

bruno me<strong>di</strong>o.<br />

Notazioni: Munsell: 5.6YR 3.5/3.9 - NCS: S 7020-Y60R.<br />

Denominazioni ISCC.NBS: 59 – Bruno me<strong>di</strong>o (moderate Brown).<br />

Marrone (Maroon).<br />

Marrone è il colore <strong>del</strong>le castagne nella loro fase <strong>di</strong> maturità, ma è an-<br />

One reference is naturally that of plant kingdom (Chestnut Maroon, In<strong>di</strong>an<br />

Chestnut, Light Wood Maroon etc.) Others are <strong>di</strong>rectly or in<strong>di</strong>rectly<br />

related to the animal world (Flea Maroon, Liver Maroon, Bone Maroon<br />

etc.), to industry (Fiat Maroon, Rai Maroon etc.), to minerals (Copper<br />

Maroon, Golden Maroon, Brimstone Maroon, Ochre Maroon etc.). Another<br />

reference, then, is related to history (Aztec Maroon, Bismark Maroon<br />

etc.) and to geography (French Maroon, Florence Maroon, In<strong>di</strong>an<br />

Maroon, Havana Maroon etc.). References to fashion are also present<br />

(“Dyers Maroon” etc.) as well as to art (Rembrandt’s light “maroon”<br />

glosses, Vermeer’s “light pinkish maroon” etc.) and to gastronomy<br />

(Chestnut Maroon, Roast Maroon, Chocolate Maroon, Marron Glacé,<br />

Mocha Maroon etc.) or to everyday objects (Luggage Dark Maroon).<br />

Among all references, fantasy names are common, even the most unlikely<br />

ones (Calypso Maroon, Shell Maroon etc.).<br />

While for many other common colours, there are colouring materials<br />

from which they naturally derive in a more or less <strong>di</strong>rect way, since<br />

ancient times, and exclu<strong>di</strong>ng George Field’s “Common Madder Lacquer”,<br />

“Hay’s Maroon” and few others, for “Maroon”, that is obtained<br />

from manganese oxide, we have to wait until the modern era, when tar<br />

derived organic colours became available (Brimstone Maroon, Aniline<br />

Maroon, Ready Made Maroon etc.).<br />

As usual, even for a not so exciting colour such as Maroon, the multiplying<br />

element comes from its many variations (Light Maroon, Warm<br />

Maroon, Intense Maroon, Nearly Purple Intense Maroon, Deep Maroon<br />

etc.), its connection with other colour names (Orange Maroon, Brown<br />

Maroon, Yellow Maroon, Rose Maroon, Grey Maroon, Greenish Maroon<br />

etc) or colour combinations (Light Red<strong>di</strong>sh Maroon, Dark Purple Maroon<br />

etc.). Started as a colour undoubtedly not much mentioned in<br />

<strong>di</strong>ctionaries of colour, at least classical ones, thanks to its many variations<br />

and to the possibility of fantasy names, maroon spreads as it<br />

happen for any other colour, thus remaining an unexciting colour, even<br />

though everybody likes Marron glacés or chocolate and appreciates<br />

Rembrandt.<br />

Castaneus<br />

Accor<strong>di</strong>ng to Répertoire des couleurs, maroon is the equivalent of Professor<br />

Saccardo’s Castaneus.<br />

For Kelly-Judd Castaneus is synonym of Chestnut as well as Maroon. In<br />

Italian it could be called “Castagnino”.<br />

Munsell Notation: 9.0R 3.4/2.4 – NCS Notation: S 7010-Y30R.<br />

ISCC.NBS designation: 43 - Grey Red<strong>di</strong>sh Brown<br />

Marron Glacé<br />

Kelly-Judd relates Marron Glacé (“Can<strong>di</strong>ed Chestnut”) to moderate<br />

brown.<br />

Munsell Notation: 5.6YR 3.5/3.9 - NCS Notation: S 7020-Y60R.<br />

ISCC.NBS designation: 59 - Moderate Brown<br />

Maroon<br />

“Maroon” is the colour of chestnuts when ripe, but is also the colour of<br />

certain woods (rose, pear etc.) or mushrooms, among them Boletus.<br />

It is the reproduction of Professor Saccardo’s Castaneus, Philip Ball<br />

calls it a “<strong>di</strong>rty colour”, a “yellow or orange with scarce brightness”, not<br />

che la colorazione <strong>di</strong> certi legni (legni <strong>di</strong> rosa, <strong>di</strong> pera ecc.) o <strong>di</strong> certi<br />

funghi, tra cui il Boletus. Esso costituisce la riproduzione <strong>del</strong> Castaneus<br />

<strong>del</strong> professor Saccardo, Philip Ball, lo definisce un “colore sporco”, “un<br />

giallo o un arancio con poca luminosità”, che non figura nel <strong>di</strong>agramma<br />

CIE. I sinonimi più vicini – “Castagna” e “Castagno” - sono ritenuti impropri<br />

dal Répertoire des couleurs.<br />

Notazioni: Munsell: 9.0R 3.4/2.4; 5.5YR 3.5/1.8 - NCS: S 7010-Y30R; S<br />

7010-Y70R .<br />

Denominazioni ISCC.NBS: 43 – Bruno rossiccio grigiastro (grayish red<strong>di</strong>sh<br />

Brown); 61 – Bruno grigiastro (grayish brown).<br />

Marrone azteco (Aztec maroon).<br />

“Marrone azteco” è definito da Kelly-Judd come colore “Rosso purpureo<br />

grigiastro“.<br />

Notazione: Munsell: 7.0R 4.5/5.1 - NCS: S 5020-R20B .<br />

Denominazione ISCC.NBS: 262 – Rosso purpureo grigiastro (grayish<br />

purplish Red).<br />

Marrone cioccolata/o (Chocolate maroon).<br />

“Marrone cioccolata” è il colore <strong>del</strong>la cioccolata ottenuta dal puro cacao<br />

senza latte, Secondo Kelly-Judd, questo colore è sinonimo <strong>di</strong> “Foglia <strong>di</strong><br />

rosa vecchia”.<br />

Notazione: Munsell: 4.0R 2.8/6.8 - NCS: S 5030-R.<br />

Denominazione ISCC.NBS: 16 – Rosso scuro (dark Red).<br />

Marrone <strong>di</strong> Hay (Hay’s maroon).<br />

“Marrone <strong>di</strong> Hay” un colore marrone intenso.<br />

Notazione: Munsell: 2.9R 2.7/2.1 - NCS: S 7010-R10B.<br />

Denominazione ISCC.NBS: 20 – Rosso grigiastro scuro (dark grayish Red).<br />

Marrone fegato (Liver maroon).<br />

Il “Marrone fegato” è un colore rosso bruno, sinonimo <strong>di</strong> “Bruno fegato”.<br />

Notazioni: Munsell: 9.0R 3.4/2.4; 9.0R 3.4/5.2; NCS: S 7010-Y90R; S<br />

6020-Y90R.<br />

Denominazioni ISCC.NBS: 43 – Bruno rossastro me<strong>di</strong>o (moderate red<strong>di</strong>sh<br />

Brown); 46 – Bruno rossastro grigiastro<br />

(grayish red<strong>di</strong>sh Brown).<br />

Marrone francese (French maroon)<br />

“Marrone francese” è sinonimo <strong>di</strong> “Marrone fegato”,<br />

Notazione: Munsell: 9.0R 3.4/2.4; NCS: S 7010-Y90R.<br />

Denominazione ISCC.NBS: 19 – Bruno rossastro grigiastro (grayish<br />

red<strong>di</strong>sh Brown).<br />

Marrone intenso (Deep maroon).<br />

Il “Marrone intenso” è assimilato da Kelly-Judd al “Marrone <strong>di</strong> Hay”.<br />

Notazione: Munsell: 2.9R 2.7/2.1 - NCS: S 7010-R10B.<br />

Denominazione ISCC.NBS: 20 – Rosso grigiastro scuro (dark grayish Red).<br />

Porpora marrone scuro (Dark maroon purple).<br />

Notazione: Munsell: 1.3RP 2.8/4.8; NCS: S 6020-R90B.<br />

Denominazione ISCC.NBS: 242 – Porpora rossastra scura (dark red<strong>di</strong>sh<br />

Purple).<br />

...selezione dai marroni / ...maroon selection<br />

figuring in the CIE <strong>di</strong>agram. The closest synonyms are “Chestnut” or<br />

“Chestnut Tree”, even though Répertoire des couleurs considers them<br />

as inappropriate.<br />

Munsell Notation: 9.0R 3.4/2.4; 5.5YR 3.5/1.8 - NCS Notation: S<br />

7010-Y30R; S7010 Y70R<br />

ISCC.NBS designation: 43 - Greyish Red<strong>di</strong>sh Brown; 61 – Greyish Brown<br />

Aztec Maroon<br />

Kelly-Judd defines “Aztec Maroon” as Grey Purplish Red.<br />

Munsell Notation: 7.0R 4.5/5.1 - NCS Notation: S 5020-R20B.<br />

ISCC.NBS designation: 262 - Grey Purplish Red<br />

Chocolate Maroon<br />

“Chocolate Maroon” is the colour of pure dark chocolate, made without<br />

milk. Accor<strong>di</strong>ng to Kelly-Judd, this colour is synonym of “Old Rose Leaf”.<br />

Munsell Notation: 4.0R 2.8/6.8 - NCS Notation: S5030-R.<br />

ISCC.NBS designation: 16 - Dark Red<br />

Hay’s Maroon<br />

“Hay’s Maroon” is a deep maroon colour.<br />

Munsell Notation: 2.9R 2.7/2.1 - NCS Notation: S7010-R10B<br />

ISCC.NBS designation: 20 - Dark Greyish Red<br />

Liver Maroon<br />

“Liver Maroon” is a red-brown colour, synonym of “Liver Brown”.<br />

Munsell Notation: 9.0R 3.4/2.4; 9.0R 3.4/5.2 - NCS Notation: S7010-<br />

Y90R; S6020-Y90R.<br />

ISCC.NBS designation: 43 - Grey Red<strong>di</strong>sh Brown; 46 – Greyish Red<strong>di</strong>sh<br />

Brown<br />

French Maroon<br />

“French Maroon” is synonym of “Liver Maroon”.<br />

Munsell Notation: 9.0R 3.4/2.4 - NCS Notation: S 7010-Y90R.<br />

ISCC.NBS designation: 19 – Greyish Red<strong>di</strong>sh Brown<br />

Deep Maroon<br />

“Deep Maroon” is similar, accor<strong>di</strong>ng to Kelly-Judd, to “Hay’s Maroon”.<br />

Munsell Notation: 2.9R 2.7/2.1 - NCS Notation: S 7010-R10B.<br />

ISCC.NBS designation: 20 – Dark Greyish Red<br />

Dark Maroon Purple<br />

Munsell Notation: 1.3RP 2.8/4.8 - NCS Notation: S 6020-R90B<br />

ISCC.NBS designation: 242 – Dark Red<strong>di</strong>sh Purple<br />

50 COLORE<br />

COLORE 51<br />

Alessandro D'Adda, Convolutions

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