Filattiera e la sua Pieve - Memorie di Lunigiana

Opizzino or Opizzone (1301), the second son of Federico (1264), “was the
ancestor of the Marquis and Masters of Villafranca”. His widow, Tobia
Spinola, guardian of his infant offspring, is worthy of mention as she who
“composed, ordered and established” the STATUES for Aulla and other
territories of hers. (The Statutes of Aulla of 1303 are preserved by Dott. Francesco
Raffaelli and by Dott. Lorenzo Ferri of Bagnone (1)).
It is important to note that even before the division of the Malaspina
territories of 1221, there were already in existence in their territories, the
MUNICIPALITIES that were composed of a Consul, four or six Counsellors and a
Massaro (farm overseer). The MAGISTRACY was made up of an Appeal Court
Judge who was the Marquis, of a Podesta (high official), elected by the marquis, a
Podesta’s Assistant, a Public Notary, a Courier and a Prison Custodian. Each
territory had its own Town Hall and all those of the territory formed the General
Council.
In the second Statue or Book, were annotated rules and regulations of civil
rights; however, it is believed that there had to exist rules and regulations prior
to these, available in written form or in inveterate use.
Some of these regulations were: a woman in possession of a dowry was not
allowed to inherit from her parents; a husband was not allowed to donate or leave
anything at all in his will to his wife; in the sale of real estate, joint owners, distant
relatives, neighbours were to have precedence; the loss of unexercised rights to
real estate after twenty years, etc..
In the third Book, were defined the transgressions and crimes punishable by
corporal punishment or fines: flogging throughout the territory, banishment for
life, decapitation, hanging and burning at the stake, the confiscation of
possessions. Murder was punished by decapitation, adultery by a fine of twenty
five liras for both men and women, rape by capital punishment, theft, rustling,
felling of trees and removal of boundary stones by fines. Counterfeiting was
punishable by being burnt alive, perjury by imprisonment and forgery by hanging.
The crime of treason led to decapitation.
These Books (four in all), were adopted by all the descendents of Federico
Malaspina throughout all of their Territories and Castles by all of the Men,
Universities and Communities under their rule.
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