kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
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gamovlinebas xe<strong>da</strong>vs XVII-XVIII ss. qarTul <strong>kultura</strong>Si <strong>da</strong> askvnis, rom `am inerciis<br />
cxovelmyofeloba ar ganelebula XIX-XX saukunebSic~ 1 .<br />
amgvarad, g.gaCeCilaZis mixedviTac, qarTuli kulturis adgili kvlav aRmosavlur<br />
<strong>kultura</strong>Ta Soris iZebneba, Tumca Tavad mkvlevari <strong>da</strong>skvnisagan Tavs ikavebs, mxolod<br />
savsebiT samarTlianad aRniSnavs, rom `kulturis am meqanizmebis gaTvaliswinebis<br />
gareSe impresionizmis doneze rCeba qarTuli kulturisa <strong>da</strong> mentalobis analizis<br />
yvelaze warmatebuli cdebi rogorc literaturis istoriaSi, ise kulturis<br />
filosofiaSi~ 2 .<br />
g.niJaraZem qarTuli kulturis tipologiuri raobis gansazRvra sxva maxasiaTebliT<br />
sca<strong>da</strong>, kerZod, mimarTa germaneli fsiqiatris kreCmeris mier SemoTavazebul<br />
pirovnebaTa `fsiqiatriul~ klasifikacias, romelic Semdgom ga<strong>da</strong>tanil iqna<br />
kulturebzec. miCneul iqna, rom yoveli <strong>kultura</strong> ganamtkicebs garkveuli tipis<br />
ganwyobebsa <strong>da</strong> qcevebs <strong>da</strong> xels uSlis sxvaTa <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebas. yovel <strong>kultura</strong>Si<br />
miRebuli normebisa <strong>da</strong> faseulobebis kompleqsi midrekilia ama Tu im `fsiqiatriuli~<br />
mimarTulebiT _ paranoiduli, katatoniuri Tu isteroiduli. magaliTad, amerikul<br />
(aSS) <strong>kultura</strong>s paranoidul tips miakuTvneben, laTinuramerikul kulturebs _<br />
katatoniurs <strong>da</strong> a.S. g.niJaraZis azriT, qarTuli <strong>kultura</strong> isteroidul tips<br />
ganekuTvneba. misi ZiriTadi <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli niSania emociis ufro intensiuri<br />
gamoxatva, vidre gancdis siRrmes Seesabameba. qarTuli kulturis isteroiduli<br />
xasiaTis yvelaze mkafio gamoxatulebad mkvlevari miiCnevs Cveni kulturis `bazur~<br />
ritualebs _ panaSvidsa <strong>da</strong> sufras 3 . masve mocemuli aqvs am ukanaskneli ritualis<br />
friad saintereso analizi. gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia qarTuli sufris (rogorc misi<br />
mimdinareobis, aseve menius) ritualuri xasiaTi.<br />
ritualizebisaken midrekileba aseve aRmosavlur <strong>kultura</strong>Ta maxasiaTeblad<br />
iTvleba. aqve un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom g.gaCeCilaZis azriT, qarTuli kulturis<br />
midrekileba yofiTobis ritualizebisaken mkafio gamovlinebaa movaleobasTan<br />
mimarTebaSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sefasebis tradiciisa (sircxvilis <strong>kultura</strong>), xolo <strong>da</strong>krZalvis<br />
ceremoniali <strong>da</strong> Wama-smis rituali amis TvalsaCino <strong>da</strong>sturia. Tumca <strong>kultura</strong>Ta<br />
gzajvaredinze yofnis faqti aqac mJRavndeba: `Tama<strong>da</strong> qarTul sufraze <strong>da</strong><br />
sadRegrZelos poetika Tavi<strong>da</strong>n bolomde nasazrdoebia `sircxvilisa~ <strong>da</strong> `<strong>da</strong>naSaulis~<br />
poetiki<strong>da</strong>n gamoxmobili aqsesuarebiT~ 4 .<br />
movaleobisadmi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis niSniT sxvagvarad afasebs qarTul <strong>kultura</strong>s<br />
k.kapaneli, romlis azriT, `Cvens ers ufro afeqtebi amoZravebs, vidre movaleoba~,<br />
sai<strong>da</strong>nac gamomdinareobs, cota ar iyos, ucnauri <strong>da</strong>skvna imis Taobaze, rom `qarTul<br />
<strong>kultura</strong>s axrCobs, originalobas umcirebs <strong>da</strong> nebisyofas usustebs `uCemoT vin<br />
imRereToba~... Cveni kulturis provincializmi <strong>da</strong>mTavr<strong>da</strong> logikurad personalizmiT.<br />
socialuri, koleqtiuri arsebobisa <strong>da</strong> TviTSenaxvis instinqti CvenSi ar moqmedebs;<br />
qarTveli piradi interesebis TvalsazrisiT uyurebs yovlgvar sazogado saqmes,<br />
yovelgvar istoriul moZraobas~ 5 .<br />
individualizmi-koleqtivizmi erT-erTia im fsiqologiur maxasiaTebelTagan,<br />
romlebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT fsiqologebi cdiloben kulturis saxis gansazRvras <strong>da</strong> mis<br />
tipologizebas.<br />
koleqtivizmi gulisxmobs saerTo interesebis prioritets pirovnulTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT. koleqtivistur sazogadoebebSi individi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d motivirebulia im<br />
1 gaCeCilaZe g. <strong>da</strong>sax. naSr.<br />
2<br />
iqve.<br />
3<br />
niJaraZe g. qarTuli sufra kulturul konteqstSi. _ gaz. “ganaxlebuli iveria”, Tb., 2000, 8-9, gv.12.<br />
4<br />
gaCeCilaZe g. <strong>da</strong>sax. naSr.<br />
5<br />
kapaneli k. qarTuli kulturis suli. _ wignSi: kapaneli k. qarTuli suli esTetikur saxeebSi, gv.327-328.<br />
95
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