kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
fiziologebis mier SemoTavazebulia Tavis tvinis hemisferoTa funqciuri lateralizaciisa da misgan gamomdinare sivrciTi orientaciis gaTvaliswineba kulturuli identurobis sakiTxis garkvevisaTvis 1 . hemisferoTa funqciuri lateralizacia niSnavs adamianis fsiqikuri procesebis organizaciaSi tvinis naxevarsferoTa gansxvavebuli aqtivobiT monawileoba. rogorc aRmoCnda, Tavis tvinis funqciur lateralizacias, sqesobriv da asakobriv TaviseburebebTan erTad, eTnikuri Taviseburebebic gaaCnia, romlebic urTierTqmedeben garemosTan, damokidebuli arian socialur-kulturul faqtorebze da, Tavis mxriv, zegavlenas axdenen sazogadoebis msoflmxedvelobis Camoyalibebaze 2 . hemisferoTa funqciuri lateralizacia nawilobriv kulturulad determinirebulia. sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebs Soris arsebobs gansxvaveba Tavis tvinis funqciur asimetriaSi, sivrceSi orientaciis procesis organizaciis TvalsazrisiT 3 . zemoT aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiTa da fiziologTa mier SemoTavazebuli meTodis gamoyenebiT qarTuli kulturis raobis kvlevis pirveli Sedegebi friad sayuradReboa, Tumca isini jerjerobiT gamoqveynebuli ar aris da amitom maTze sityvas ar gavagrZelebT. 2000 wlis seqtemberSi neirobiologi, profesori volf zingeri moxsenebiT warsdga germanel istorikosTa dReze aaxenSi, romelic 43-jer Catarda. man miuTiTa aRqmisa da mogonebaTa procesebze, rogorc kvlevis erTnairad saintereso saganze neirobiologebisa da istorikosebisaTvis. pirvelni mas ikvleven rogorc tvinis funqcionirebis erT-erT sferos, magram, v.zingeris azriT, am kvlevaTa Sedegebi mniSvnelovania istorikosebisTvisac: isini warsulis rekonstruqciisaTvis iyeneben teqstur da grafikul wyaroebs, romelTa umravlesoba swored aRqmis, interpretaciisa da mogonebebis Sedegia. mecnieris azriT, wyaroTa sandoobis xarisxze msjelobisas istorikosebs marTebT tvinis funqcionirebis kvlevis SedegTa gaTvaliswineba, kerZod, maT mxedvelobaSi unda hqondeT, rom adamianis cnobiereba garesamyarodan Semomavali signalebis farTo speqtridan arCevs mxolod imaT, romelTac is elis, romlebic gamosadegia am rTul samyaroSi gadarCenisaTvis. swored am mciredidan iqmneba Semdeg msoflios suraTi 4 . fsiqologebisa da geografebis mier damuSavda e.w. mentaluri rukis koncefcia, romelic geograf r.m. dounzisa da fsiqolog d.sTeas saxelebs ukavSirdeba. mentaluri ruka ganimarteba rogorc adamianis subieqturi Sinagani warmodgena garemomcveli sivrcis nawilze, am nawilis adamianis mier Seqmnili gamosaxuleba. mentaluri rukis cneba mniSvnelovania saistorio mecnierebisTvisac, radgan adamianTa jgufebi Tu erTobebi aseve qmnian istoriuli da kulturuli TvalsazrisiT specifikur warmodgenebs garemomcveli samyaros sivrciT struqturaze. kulturologiisaTvis sayuradReboa ama Tu im sazogadoebis (kulturis) warmodgena sivrceze, gamoxatuli teqsturad Tu gamosaxulebaTa saxiT — magaliTad, werilobiT wyaroebSi, rukebsa da naxatebze 5 . 1 mayaSvili m., samadaSvili i., azmaifaraSvili T., SaianTan Sai a.T. Tavis tvinis funqciuri lateralizaciis eTnikuri Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb. _ Jurn.: axali paradigmebi, 1, Tb., 1998, gv.155; mayaSvili m. Tavis tvinis hemisferoTa funqciuri asimetria adamianis sivrciT orientaciaSi. disertacia biologiur mecn. doqtoris samecn. xarisxis mosapoveblad. Tb., 1998. 2 mayaSvili m. dasax. naSr., gv.6. 3 iqve, gv.130. 4 Шенк Ф.Б. Ментальные карты: Конструирование географического пространтсва в Европе. – В журн.: Политическая наука, № 4 (Регионализация посткоммунистической Европы), М., 2001, с.6. 5 iqve, gv.8. 92
im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrdnobiT axdenen kulturaTa tipologizebas, erT-erTi sainteresoa fsiqologiuri maxasiaTeblebi. SevexebiT zogierT maTgans, romelTa gaanalizebisa da maT konteqstSi qarTuli kulturis raobis gaazrebis sayuradRebo mcdelobani samecniero literaturaSi gvxvdeba. fsiqologiur maxasiaTebelTa erToblioba Cvens saistorio wyaroebsa da literaturaSi xSirad aRiniSneba sityviT `xasiaTi~. qarTvelTa xasiaTis pirvel yvelaze srul aRweras vaxuSti bagrationTan vxvdebiT. mis mier aRniSnul fsiqologiur maxasiaTebelTagan zogierTi momdevno xanis mecnierTa ganxilvaanalizis sagnad iqca, amitom srulad movitanT vaxuStiseul daxasiaTebas: `xolo kacni amis queynisani arian... mxneni muSakni, WirTa momTmenni, cxensa zeda da mxedrobasa Sina kadnierni, mkvircxlni, mswraflni; salaSqroTa Sina axovanni, saWurvelT moyuareni, amayni, laRni, saxelis meZiebelni esreT, rameTu TvisTa saxelTaTvis ara rideben queyanasa da mefesa Tvissa, stumarTa da ucxoT moyuareni; mxiarulni, ukeTu orni anu samni arian, ararai SeiWirvian; uxuni, arca Tvissa da arca sxvisas krZalaven; saunjeTa ara mmesvelni; gonierni, mswrafl-mimxdomni, mCemebelni, swavlis moyuareni. urTierTis mimyolni, sikeTis damswavlelni da mimgebelni, sircxvilis mdevarni, keTil-borotzed adre mimdrekni, Tavxedni, didebis moyuareni, Tualmgebni da moTakileni~ 1 . qarTuli kulturis fsiqologiuri raobis gansazRvris mcdelobas vxvdebiT k.kapanelis naSromSi `qarTuli kulturis suli~, Tumca avtori operirebs ara kulturis, aramed temperamentisa da sulis cnebebiT: `Cveni temperamenti qaluri da isteriulia: tragedias qarTuli suli ar icnobs; rac unda cudad mimdinareobdes cxovreba Cvens garSemo, Cven mainc ocnebebsa da imedebSi varT~. `qarTuli suli isteriuli da paTetiuria, arasistematuri~. `qarTveli fsiqologiurad akrobati da Jonglioria~ 2 . araracionalizmi, romelsac k.kapaneli qarTuli kulturis maxasiaTeblad miiCnevs (erTTavad ocnebebsa da imedebSi yofna) tipuri aradasavluri niSania. rogorc Tavad k.kapaneli ambobs, `aRmosavleTi grZnobis qveyanaa: sisxlis intensiuri moZraoba gulis saSualebiT gonebas ebrZvis~ 3 . es savsebiT Seesabameba imave avtoris mier qarTuli kulturis Sefasebas sxva niSnebis mixedviTac. kerZod, sxva naSromSi k.kapaneli aRniSnavs, rom `Soreuli warsulidan saqarTvelo ganicdida aRmosavleTis gavlenas. qarTuli literatura da xalxuri metyveleba erTnairad atarebs daRs muslimanur-arabuli kulturis gavlenis. `vefxistyaosani~ aTargulia muslimanurarabuli kulturis ideologiur dazgaze. droTa viTarebaSi qarTuli suli Caiketa aziuri cxovrebis degradaciis pirobebSi. saqarTvelo istoriulma aucileblobam daayena muslimanur qveynebTan erTad degeneraciis gzaze~ 4 . mxolod XIX saukunis dasawyisidan Semodis `qarTuli kulturis aRmosavleTur wyobaSi dasavleTuri kultura~, romelic mxolod Soreuli naSTis saxiTRa SemorCeniliyo 5 . qarTvelTa kulturuli raobis sakiTxze msjelobisas k.kapaneli aRniSnavda: `qarTul ZarRvebSi moZraobs sisxli Cqari, ryevadi TiTqmis yvela aRmosavluri rasis da tomis: gadmodiodnen ra aRmosavleTidan saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze azielebi, 1 batoniSvili vaxuSti. aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa. — qarTlis cxovreba, IV, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s.yauxCiSvilis mier. Tb., 1973, gv. 45. 2 kapaneli k. qarTuli kulturis suli. _ wignSi: kapaneli k. qarTuli suli esTetikur saxeebSi, gv. 328-330. 3 kapaneli k. qarTuli literaturis socialuri genezisi. _ iqve, gv. 108. 4 iqve, gv.98-99. 5 iqve, gv.108. 93
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
- Page 91: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 95 and 96: gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
- Page 97 and 98: iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
- Page 99 and 100: nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
- Page 101 and 102: unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
- Page 103 and 104: niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyan
- Page 105 and 106: iCens Tavs postindustriuli ganviTar
- Page 107 and 108: meti adamianis danaklisi arcTu mcir
- Page 109 and 110: mosaxleobis Semcireba, pirvel rigSi
- Page 111 and 112: CULTURE AND MODERNIZATION TOPIC 1.
- Page 113 and 114: TOPIC 3. TYPOLOGY OF CULTURES ON A
- Page 115 and 116: consider that modern stage of devel
- Page 117 and 118: 1. Multiculturalizm; 2. Pluralizm;
- Page 119: supranational structures. Democracy
im determinantTagan, romlebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT axdenen <strong>kultura</strong>Ta tipologizebas,<br />
erT-erTi sainteresoa fsiqologiuri maxasiaTeblebi. SevexebiT zogierT maTgans,<br />
romelTa gaanalizebisa <strong>da</strong> maT konteqstSi qarTuli kulturis raobis gaazrebis<br />
sayuradRebo mcdelobani samecniero literaturaSi gvxvdeba.<br />
fsiqologiur maxasiaTebelTa erToblioba Cvens saistorio wyaroebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
literaturaSi xSirad aRiniSneba sityviT `xasiaTi~. qarTvelTa xasiaTis pirvel<br />
yvelaze srul aRweras vaxuSti bagrationTan vxvdebiT. mis mier aRniSnul<br />
fsiqologiur maxasiaTebelTagan zogierTi momdevno xanis mecnierTa ganxilvaanalizis<br />
sagnad iqca, amitom srulad movitanT vaxuStiseul <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebas: `xolo<br />
kacni amis queynisani arian... mxneni muSakni, WirTa momTmenni, cxensa ze<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
mxedrobasa Sina kadnierni, mkvircxlni, mswraflni; salaSqroTa Sina axovanni,<br />
saWurvelT moyuareni, amayni, laRni, saxelis meZiebelni esreT, rameTu TvisTa<br />
saxelTaTvis ara rideben queyanasa <strong>da</strong> mefesa Tvissa, stumarTa <strong>da</strong> ucxoT moyuareni;<br />
mxiarulni, ukeTu orni anu samni arian, ararai SeiWirvian; uxuni, arca Tvissa <strong>da</strong> arca<br />
sxvisas krZalaven; saunjeTa ara mmesvelni; gonierni, mswrafl-mimxdomni, mCemebelni,<br />
swavlis moyuareni. urTierTis mimyolni, sikeTis <strong>da</strong>mswavlelni <strong>da</strong> mimgebelni,<br />
sircxvilis mdevarni, keTil-borotzed adre mimdrekni, Tavxedni, didebis moyuareni,<br />
Tualmgebni <strong>da</strong> moTakileni~ 1 .<br />
qarTuli kulturis fsiqologiuri raobis gansazRvris mcdelobas vxvdebiT<br />
k.kapanelis naSromSi `qarTuli kulturis suli~, Tumca avtori operirebs ara<br />
kulturis, aramed temperamentisa <strong>da</strong> sulis cnebebiT: `Cveni temperamenti qaluri <strong>da</strong><br />
isteriulia: tragedias qarTuli suli ar icnobs; rac un<strong>da</strong> cu<strong>da</strong>d mimdinareobdes<br />
cxovreba Cvens garSemo, Cven mainc ocnebebsa <strong>da</strong> imedebSi varT~. `qarTuli suli<br />
isteriuli <strong>da</strong> paTetiuria, arasistematuri~. `qarTveli fsiqologiurad akrobati <strong>da</strong><br />
Jonglioria~ 2 .<br />
araracionalizmi, romelsac k.kapaneli qarTuli kulturis maxasiaTeblad miiCnevs<br />
(erTTavad ocnebebsa <strong>da</strong> imedebSi yofna) tipuri ara<strong>da</strong>savluri niSania. rogorc Tavad<br />
k.kapaneli ambobs, `aRmosavleTi grZnobis qveyanaa: sisxlis intensiuri moZraoba<br />
gulis saSualebiT gonebas ebrZvis~ 3 . es savsebiT Seesabameba imave avtoris mier<br />
qarTuli kulturis Sefasebas sxva niSnebis mixedviTac. kerZod, sxva naSromSi<br />
k.kapaneli aRniSnavs, rom `Soreuli warsuli<strong>da</strong>n saqarTvelo ganicdi<strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTis<br />
gavlenas. qarTuli literatura <strong>da</strong> xalxuri metyveleba erTnairad atarebs <strong>da</strong>Rs<br />
muslimanur-arabuli kulturis gavlenis. `vefxistyaosani~ aTargulia muslimanurarabuli<br />
kulturis ideologiur <strong>da</strong>zgaze. droTa viTarebaSi qarTuli suli Caiketa<br />
aziuri cxovrebis degra<strong>da</strong>ciis pirobebSi. saqarTvelo istoriulma aucileblobam<br />
<strong>da</strong>ayena muslimanur qveynebTan erTad degeneraciis gzaze~ 4 . mxolod XIX saukunis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sawyisi<strong>da</strong>n Semodis `qarTuli kulturis aRmosavleTur wyobaSi <strong>da</strong>savleTuri<br />
<strong>kultura</strong>~, romelic mxolod Soreuli naSTis saxiTRa SemorCeniliyo 5 .<br />
qarTvelTa kulturuli raobis sakiTxze msjelobisas k.kapaneli aRniSnav<strong>da</strong>:<br />
`qarTul ZarRvebSi moZraobs sisxli Cqari, ryevadi TiTqmis yvela aRmosavluri rasis<br />
<strong>da</strong> tomis: gadmodiodnen ra aRmosavleTi<strong>da</strong>n saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze azielebi,<br />
1 batoniSvili vaxuSti. aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa. — qarTlis cxovreba, IV, teqsti <strong>da</strong>dgenili yvela<br />
ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s.yauxCiSvilis mier. Tb., 1973, gv. 45.<br />
2 kapaneli k. qarTuli kulturis suli. _ wignSi: kapaneli k. qarTuli suli esTetikur saxeebSi, gv. 328-330.<br />
3 kapaneli k. qarTuli literaturis socialuri genezisi. _ iqve, gv. 108.<br />
4 iqve, gv.98-99.<br />
5 iqve, gv.108.<br />
93
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