kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
gamoiyofa kulturaTa/civilizaciaTaSorisi urTierTobis sami ZiriTadi tipi: 1. konfrontacia, 2. simbiozi, 3. sinTezi. pirveli tipi emyareba ucxo realobis srul uaryofas, sulieri gamocdilebis sxva, `sakuTarisagan gansxvavebuli~ formebis totalur miuReblobas. es gamocdileba ganixileba rogorc `ucxo~, `mtruli~, romelic calsaxad unda ganidevnos. meore tipi gulisxmobs viTarebas, roca TiToeuli urTierTmoqmedi mxare inarCunebs sakuTar saxes, ar warmoiSoba axali kulturuli Tvisebrioba, magram kontaqtSi myof kulturul realobaTa Soris Cndeba sistemuri kavSiri. `gareSe~ kulturuli realoba kontaqtis monawileTa mier bunebrivad aRiqmeba; aseTi arsebobis winaaRmdegobrioba ar gaiazreba. simbiozisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia urTierTmizidvisa da urTierTganzidvis winaaRmdegobrivi Serwyma. pirvelis Zala sakmaod didia imisTvis, rom Seiqmnas sistemuri kavSiri kontaqtis monawileebs Soris, amasTan, TiToeuli mxare meores aRiqvams rogorc `ucxos~. am ukanasknelis ganzidvis, moSorebis xarisxi ki sakmaod didia, raTa Seiqmnas mkacri zRvari gansxvavebul kulturul elementTa daaxloebis, Serwymisa axal, kontaqtSi myofTagan gansxvavebul Tvisebriobad CamoyalibebisaTvis.. simbiozSi myof eTnokulturul elementTa Tanafardoba SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvari iyos: dawyebuli situaciiT, roca upiratesoba aqvs avtoqtonur sawyiss, xolo `mosuli~ kulturis elementebi arseboben cnobierebis periferiaze, damTavrebuli mdgomareobiT, roca msoflmxedvelobis RerZad faseulobaTa `motanili~ sistema gvevlineba. mesame tipze _ sinTezze _ saubari SeiZleba maSin, Tu kontaqtis zonaSi Cndeba Tvisebrivad axali, kontaqtSi myof kulturul samyaroTagan gansxvavebuli kulturuli realoba. kulturuli konfliqti kulturuli konfliqti — pirovnebebs, jgufebs, pirovnebasa da jgufs, pirovnebasa da sazogadoebas, jgufsa da sazogadoebas, sxvadasxva jgufsa da koalicias Soris RirebulebaTa, orientaciaTa, poziciaTa winaaRmdegobis kritikuli stadia. kulturuli konfliqti ganpirobebulia monawile mxareTa socialuri gamocdilebis gansxvavebulobiT. yvela konfliqti dinamikuria da moicavs winaaRmdegobaTa daZlevis molaparakebaTa gziT maTi gadaWris, mtruli moqmedebebis mxareTa Soris axali kontaqtebis damyarebisa da konpromisis monaxvis stadiebs. arsebobs konfliqtis sxvagvari gamosavalic: brZola saboloo gamarjvebamde an konfliqtis mogvarebis gadadeba momavlisaTvis. kulturuli konfliqtis tipur magaliTebad SegviZlia davasaxeloT jvarosnuli laSqrobebi, religiuri, samoqalaqo, revoluciuri, erovnul-gamanTavisuflebeli omebi, saeklesio inkviziciis moqmedeba, ama Tu im sarwmunoebaze iZulebiTi moqceva, genocidi da a.S. kulturuli konfliqti dakavSirebulia tolerantobisa da sxva kulturis mimarT interesis problemebTan. kulturuli konfliqtis gansakuTrebuli tipia SemoqmedebiTi konfliqti mimarTulebebs, skolebs, jgufebs an ama Tu im dargis calkeul warmomadgenlebs Soris. kulturis difuzia kulturis difuzia aris ori an meti sazogadoebis kulturuli maxasiaTeblebis uerTierTSeRweva da urTierTgamdidreba. esaa kulturis gavrceleba-moZraobis 8
gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gulisxmobs aucileblad migraciul procesebs. kulturuli difuziis saSualebebad miiCneva turizmi, misionerTa moRvaweoba, savaWro urTierTobani, omi, samecniero konferenciebi, gamofenebi, studentebisa Tu specialistebis gacvliTi programebi da a.S. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi moRvawe evropeli misionerebi aq ara marto TavianT religiur kodeqss amkvidrebdnen, isini sxva samyaros `kulturis elCebi~ iyvnen Cvens qveyanaSi (maTgan aiTvises qarTvelebma qaris wisqvili, funTuSeulobis cxoba da sxva). kulturis difuzia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ara marto xalxebsa da qveynebs, aramed jgufebs da klasebs Soris. aqedan gamomdinare, ganarCeven or mimarTulebas: 1) kulturis difuzia eTnosebs, garkeuli statusis mqone individebis jgufebs Soris (mag., policielebis mier qurduli samyaros leqsikis aqtiuri xmareba); 2) kulturuli elementebis vertikaluri gavrceleba araTanabari statusis mqone subieqtebs Soris. aseT process uwodeben statifikatorul kulturul difuziasac, romelic SeiZleba ori _ aRmavali da daRmavali _ formiT ganviTardes (mag., aristokratiis mier mdabiuri saubris stilis elementebis gadmoReba an fufunebis sagnebis sayovelaod qceva). kulturuli Soki Tavdapirveli reaqcia individualuri an jgufuri cnobierebis SejaxebasTan individebis an jgufebis ucxo kulturul realobasTan. kulturuli Sokis situacia _ esaa konfliqtis situacia idnividebis Cveul Rirebulebebs, normebs, enas, yoveldRiur praqtikas Soris. damaxasiaTebelia im garemosi, romelic man datova da im axali garemosTvis, romelSic is aRmoCnda. kulturul Soks met-naklebad ganicdis yvela, vinc moxvdeba pirvelad ucxo kulturul garemoSi (turistebi, emigrantebi da a.S.). Sokuri reaqciis Zala ganisazRvreba Rrma gansxvavebiT yofil da axal kulturebs Soris. fsiqologiuri daxasiaTeba pirovnebis, orientaciuli SesaZlebloba, rigidulobis xarisxi an plastiuroba, arsebuli an Zveli kulturuli elementebis arqona. magaliTad, ojaxi, megobrebi, romlebsac individi gadmoitans TavisTan axal kulturul konteqstSi. xarisxi Riaobis an daxurulobis warmomadgeneli axali kulturisa, romelTanc kontaqtSia individi. kulturul Soks aseve SeiZleba hqondes adgili jgufuri Semecnebis doneze, rodesac ucxo kulturul garemoSi ereva mTeli jgufi (mag., masobrivi emigraciis SemTxvevaSi) anda rodesac intensiuri kulturuli difuziis Sedegad warmoiSoba konfrontaciis situacia Zvel da axal Rirebulebebis, normebis, yofaqcevis modelebs Soris. ukanaskneli xSirad xdeba sazogadoebrivi tradiciis modernizaciis msvlelobis dros. gamoiyofa oTxi SesaZlebloba konfliqtis daZlevis: nayofi kulturis Sokis getoizaciaa. mosulebi ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs da ayalibeben SigniT axals maTi kulturisaTvis izolirebul anklavebs (geto), sadac inaxaven da inarCuneben tradiciebs TavianTi kulturuli yofaqcevis modelebs. magaliTisaTvis SeiZleba gamodges dasavleTis TiTqmis yvela msxvili qalaqebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli `Caina Tauni~ (China Town) da braiTon biCi (kvartlebi) niu-iorkSi. asimilacia. mosulebi cdiloben mTlianad Seeguon axals maTi kulturisaTvis, SeeTvison mis normebs, Rirebulebebi, qcevi modelebs da mTlianad uaryofen im kulturul memkvidreobas, romelic datoves. urTierTmoqmedeba. mcdeloba moZebnon raRac saSualo xazi, gaaerTianon axali da Zveli kulturis elemetnebi. isini Seecdebian SeaTavson orive kulturis yofaqcevis normebi, cdiloben moawesrigon kulturaTa Soris komunikacia, gaamdidron rogorc sakuTari kultura, agreTve is, romliTac isini amJamad sargeblobdnen. amis magaliTia 9
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria kultura
- Page 3 and 4: sarCevi Tema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7: tradicia tradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
gansakuTrebuli <strong>for</strong>ma, romelic ar gulisxmobs aucileblad migraciul procesebs.<br />
kulturuli difuziis saSualebebad miiCneva turizmi, misionerTa moRvaweoba,<br />
savaWro urTierTobani, omi, samecniero konferenciebi, gamofenebi, studentebisa Tu<br />
specialistebis gacvliTi programebi <strong>da</strong> a.S. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi moRvawe<br />
evropeli misionerebi aq ara marto TavianT religiur kodeqss amkvidrebdnen, isini<br />
sxva samyaros `kulturis elCebi~ iyvnen Cvens qveyanaSi (maTgan aiTvises qarTvelebma<br />
qaris wisqvili, funTuSeulobis cxoba <strong>da</strong> sxva).<br />
kulturis difuzia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes ara marto xalxebsa <strong>da</strong> qveynebs,<br />
aramed jgufebs <strong>da</strong> klasebs Soris. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, ganarCeven or mimarTulebas:<br />
1) kulturis difuzia eTnosebs, garkeuli statusis mqone individebis jgufebs<br />
Soris (mag., policielebis mier qurduli samyaros leqsikis aqtiuri xmareba);<br />
2) kulturuli elementebis vertikaluri gavrceleba araTanabari statusis mqone<br />
subieqtebs Soris. aseT process uwodeben statifikatorul kulturul difuziasac,<br />
romelic SeiZleba ori _ aRmavali <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Rmavali _ <strong>for</strong>miT ganviTardes (mag.,<br />
aristokratiis mier m<strong>da</strong>biuri saubris stilis elementebis gadmoReba an fufunebis<br />
sagnebis sayovelaod qceva).<br />
kulturuli Soki<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli reaqcia individualuri an jgufuri cnobierebis SejaxebasTan<br />
individebis an jgufebis ucxo kulturul realobasTan. kulturuli Sokis situacia<br />
_ esaa konfliqtis situacia idnividebis Cveul Rirebulebebs, normebs, enas,<br />
yoveldRiur praqtikas Soris. <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia im garemosi, romelic man <strong>da</strong>tova <strong>da</strong> im<br />
axali garemosTvis, romelSic is aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. kulturul Soks met-naklebad ganicdis<br />
yvela, vinc moxvdeba pirvelad ucxo kulturul garemoSi (turistebi, emigrantebi <strong>da</strong><br />
a.S.). Sokuri reaqciis Zala ganisazRvreba Rrma gansxvavebiT yofil <strong>da</strong> axal kulturebs<br />
Soris. fsiqologiuri <strong>da</strong>xasiaTeba pirovnebis, orientaciuli SesaZlebloba,<br />
rigidulobis xarisxi an plastiuroba, arsebuli an Zveli kulturuli elementebis<br />
arqona. magaliTad, ojaxi, megobrebi, romlebsac individi gadmoitans TavisTan axal<br />
kulturul konteqstSi. xarisxi Riaobis an <strong>da</strong>xurulobis warmomadgeneli axali<br />
kulturisa, romelTanc kontaqtSia individi. kulturul Soks aseve SeiZleba hqondes<br />
adgili jgufuri Semecnebis doneze, rodesac ucxo kulturul garemoSi ereva mTeli<br />
jgufi (mag., masobrivi emigraciis SemTxvevaSi) an<strong>da</strong> rodesac intensiuri kulturuli<br />
difuziis Sedegad warmoiSoba konfrontaciis situacia Zvel <strong>da</strong> axal Rirebulebebis,<br />
normebis, yofaqcevis modelebs Soris. ukanaskneli xSirad xdeba sazogadoebrivi<br />
tradiciis modernizaciis msvlelobis dros.<br />
gamoiyofa oTxi SesaZlebloba konfliqtis <strong>da</strong>Zlevis: nayofi kulturis Sokis<br />
getoizaciaa. mosulebi ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong> ayalibeben SigniT axals maTi<br />
kulturisaTvis izolirebul anklavebs (geto), sa<strong>da</strong>c inaxaven <strong>da</strong> inarCuneben<br />
tradiciebs TavianTi kulturuli yofaqcevis modelebs. magaliTisaTvis SeiZleba<br />
gamodges <strong>da</strong>savleTis TiTqmis yvela msxvili qalaqebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli `Caina<br />
Tauni~ (China Town) <strong>da</strong> braiTon biCi (kvartlebi) niu-iorkSi.<br />
asimilacia. mosulebi cdiloben mTlianad Seeguon axals maTi kulturisaTvis,<br />
SeeTvison mis normebs, Rirebulebebi, qcevi modelebs <strong>da</strong> mTlianad uaryofen im<br />
kulturul memkvidreobas, romelic <strong>da</strong>toves.<br />
urTierTmoqmedeba. mcdeloba moZebnon raRac saSualo xazi, gaaerTianon axali <strong>da</strong><br />
Zveli kulturis elemetnebi. isini Seecdebian SeaTavson orive kulturis yofaqcevis<br />
normebi, cdiloben moawesrigon <strong>kultura</strong>Ta Soris komunikacia, gaamdidron rogorc<br />
sakuTari <strong>kultura</strong>, agreTve is, romliTac isini amJamad sargeblobdnen. amis magaliTia<br />
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