kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
ukanaskneli mniSvnelovania, gamomdinare iqidan, rom mis gareSe pirvelis ganxorcieleba ararealuria, da orive SesaZlebelia. reformizmisaTvis modernizacia sasurveli da SesaZlebelia yovelgvari Zireuli vesternizebis gareSe, romelic, amavdroulad, arasasurvelicaa. maSasadame, uTanxmoebaa uaryofis politikasa da qemalizms Soris modernizaciisa da vesternizaciis sasurvelobis Taobaze, aseve qemalizmsa da reformizms Soris imis Taobaze, Tu ramdenad realuria modernizacia vesternizaciis gareSe. cxrili 3.1 swored am mimarTulebebs gamosaxavs. `uarmyofeli~ A wertilze darCeba; qemalisti diagonals mihyveba B wertilamde; reformatori horizontals gauyveba C wertilamde. ra gziT wavidnen sinamdvileSi sazogadoebebi? ra Tqma unda, yovel aradasavlur sazogadoebas ganviTarebis sakuTari gza aqvs, romelic, SesaZloa, SesamCnevad gansxvavdebodes mocemuli sami prototipuli marSrutisagan. mazrui imasac amtkicebda, rom egvipte da afrika D wertilis mimarTulebiT wavida: es iyo `kulturis vesternizaciis mtkivneuli procesi teqnikuri modernizaciis gareSe.~ Tu modernizaciisa da vesternizaciis nebismier ZiriTad formas ganvixilavT, rogorc aradasavluri sazogadoebebis pasuxs dasavleTisadmi, maSin gamogviva mrudi - Tavdapirvelad vesternizacia da modernizacia erTmaneTTan mWidro kavSirSia: aradasavluri sazogadoeba iTvisebs dasavluri kulturis TiTqmis yvela elements, amave dros, SeimCneva modernizaciis neli procesi. Tumca, rogorc ki modernizacia daCqardeba, vesternizaciis intensivoba klebulobs da iwyeba adgilobrivi kulturis aRorZineba. Semdgomi modernizacia ukve cvlis civilizaciur balanss dasavlur da aradasavlur sazogadoebaTa Soris da aZlierebs sakuTar kulturaze mijaWvulobas. maSasadame, cvlilebaTa adreul stadiaze modernizacia vesternizaciis saSualebiT xorcieldeba. Semdgom etapebze modernizacia devesternizaciis gziT midis da ganapirobebs adgilobrivi kulturebis gamococxlebas ori saxiT: sazogadoebriv doneze, modernizacia aviTarebs ekonomikas, jars, axdens sazogadoebis politikur konsolidacias, aniWebs am sazogadoebis wevrebs TavianTi kulturisadmi rwmenasa da TviTdajerebulobas. individualur doneze, modernizacias Tan axlavs gaucxoebisa da anomiis grZnoba, radgan irRveva tradiciuli kavSirebisa da sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis normebi, rasac pirovneba mihyavs identurobis krizisamde, romelzec pasuxs religia iZleva. es zogadi hipoTezuri modeli iTvaliswinebs rogorc socialur mecnierebaTa Teoriebs, ise istoriul gamocdilebasac. dawvrilebiT mimoixilavs ra `ucvlelobis Teorias~, rainer baumi askvnis, rom `adamianis mier idealuri mmarTvelobisa da idealuri pirovnuli avtonomiis mudmivi Zieba sxvadasxva formiT vlindeba cakleul kulturebSi. am mxriv multikulturuli da homogenuri msofliosaken swrafva ar ikveTeba. piriqiT, rogorc Cans, is sistemebi, romlebic Camoyalibdnen ganviTarebis istoriul da adre-modernul safexurebze, kvlav ucvleladaa SenarCunebuli. sesxebis Teoria, SemuSavebuli frobeniusis, Spenglerisa da bouzmanis mier, xazs usvams sazRvrebs, romelTa farglebSi civilizacia-recipientebi SerCeviTad iTviseben sxva civilizaciebis elementebs, axdenen maT adaptirebas, gardaqmnasa da asimilacias da amiT uzrunvelyofen TavianTi kulturebis umTavresi Rirebulebebis _ `paideumi~ _ gadarCenas. msoflios TiTqmis yvela aradasavluri civilizacia arsebobda, sul cota, erTi, zogi ki ramdenime aTasi weli. arsebobs araerTi magaliTi sxva civilizaciaTagan sesxebisa, sakuTari arsebobis SesanarCuneblad. mkvlevrebi aRniSnaven, rom CineTis mier indoeTisgan budizmis aTvisebas ar gamouwvevia CineTis `induizacia~. Cinelebma igi TavianT miznebsa da saWiroebebs Seusabames, Cinuri kultura ki Cinuri darCa. Cinelebs SeuZliaT Seadginon qronologiuri CamonaTvali 88
dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebisa, qristianul rjulze moeqciaT isini. Tu Cinelebi rodesme isesxeben raimes qristianobidan, albaT, Secvlian mas ise, rom igi Tavsebadi gaxdes Cinuri kulturis ZiriTad elementebTan. analogiurad, muslimma arabebma aiTvises, daafases da gamoiyenes `elinuri memkvidreoba ukiduresad utilitaruli miznebisaTvis. iyvnen ra ZiriTadad dainteresebulni garkveuli garegnuli formebis an teqnikuri mxareebis aTvisebiT, maT icodnen, Tu rogor ugulebeleyoT berZnuli filosofiuri azris nebismieri elementi, romelic ewinaaRmdegeboda yuranis fundamenturi normebiTa da swavlebiT dadgenil `WeSmaritebas~. iaponiamac msgavsi gza gaiara. VII saukuneSi man ganaxorciela Cinuri kulturis importi da sakuTari nebiT, `yovelgvari ekonomikuri da politikuri zewolis gareSe, gardaqmna igi~ ufro maRal civilizaciad. `momdevno saukuneebSi erTmaneTs enacvleboda kontinenturi gavlenisagan SedarebiTi izolaciisa (roca xdeboda adrindel nasesxeb elementTa gadarCeva da sasargeblos SeTviseba) da kontaqtisa Tu kulturuli sesxebis periodebi~. mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi iaponurma kulturam SeinarCuna TviTmyofadi saxe. qemalistTa mozomili msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, rom aradasavluri sazogadoebebi SeiZleba modernizdnen vesternizebis gziT, ar mtkicdeba. ukiduresi qemalistebis warmodgena, TiTqos aradasavluri sazogadoebebi unda vesternizrdnen, raTa SemdgomSi modernizdnen, ar gamodgeba sayovelTao `receptad~. Cndeba kiTxva: arseboben Tu ara iseTi aradasavluri sazogadoebebi, sadac lokaluri kultura ise aferxebs modernizaciis process, rom es kultura Zireulad unda amoiZirkvos da Seicvalos dasavluri kulturiT? Teoriulad, es ufro SesaZlebelia dasrulebul, vidre instrumentul kulturebSi. instrumentuli kulturebi `xasiaTdeba saboloo miznebisagan gancalkevebuli da damoukidebeli Sualeduri miznebis vrceli arealis arsebobiT. es sistemebi advilad ganaxldeba, afarebs ra cvlilebas tradiciis safars. aseT sistemebs ZaluZT ganaxleba ise, rom arc gamoamJRavnon Zireuli cvlilebebi TavianT socialur institutebSi. piriqiT, siaxle Zvelis daviwyebas emsaxureba~. dasrulebuli sistemebi, piriqiT, `xasiaTdeba mWidro kavSiriT Sualedur da saboloo miznebs Soris... sazogadoeba, saxelmwifo, xelisufleba da a.S. warmoadgenen saguldagulod SekavSirebul, kargad Sekrul sistemas, romelic gamsWvalulia religiiT, rogorc Semecnebis saxelmZRvanelo proncipiT. aseTi sistemebi yovelTvis mtrulad iyvnen ganwyobilni siaxlisadmi~. apteri iyenebs am kategoriebs afrikul tomebSi momxdari cvlilebebis analizisaTvis. aizenStadtma SedarebiTi meTodis gamoyenebiT gaaanaliza aziis didi civilizaciebi da msgavs daskvnebamde mivida. Sinagan cvlilebebs `mniSvnelovnad aadvilebs socialuri, kulturuli da politikuri institutebis avtonomia~. am mizeziT, SedarebiT ufro instrumentuli xasiaTis iaponuri da induri sazogadoebebi ufro advilad da adre daadgnen modernizaciis gzas, vidre konfuciuri da muslimuri sazogadoebebi. maT ufro meti unari gaaCndaT Tanamedrove teqnologiebisa sesxebisa da maTi gamoyenebisa sakuTari kulturis ganmtkicebisaTvis. niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom Cinurma da muslimurma sazogadoebebma an uari Tqvan rogorc modernizaciaze, ise vesternizaciazec, an orive miiRon? arCevani arc ase SezRudulia. iaponiasTan erTad, singapuri, taivani, saudis arabeTi da, naklebad, iranic Tanamedrove (modernul) sazogadoebebad gardaiqmnen yovelgvari vesternizaciis gareSe. sainteresoa, rom Sahis mcdelobebma, qemalistur kurss gahyoloda da ganexorcielebina orive _ modernizaciaca da vesternizaciac, mZafri antidasavluri, magram ara antimodernuli reaqcia gamoiwvia. CineTic aSkara reformistul gzas daadga. 89
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 91 and 92: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 93 and 94: im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
- Page 95 and 96: gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
- Page 97 and 98: iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
- Page 99 and 100: nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
- Page 101 and 102: unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
- Page 103 and 104: niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyan
- Page 105 and 106: iCens Tavs postindustriuli ganviTar
- Page 107 and 108: meti adamianis danaklisi arcTu mcir
- Page 109 and 110: mosaxleobis Semcireba, pirvel rigSi
- Page 111 and 112: CULTURE AND MODERNIZATION TOPIC 1.
- Page 113 and 114: TOPIC 3. TYPOLOGY OF CULTURES ON A
- Page 115 and 116: consider that modern stage of devel
- Page 117 and 118: 1. Multiculturalizm; 2. Pluralizm;
- Page 119: supranational structures. Democracy
<strong>da</strong>savleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebisa, qristianul rjulze moeqciaT isini. Tu<br />
Cinelebi rodesme isesxeben raimes qristianobi<strong>da</strong>n, albaT, Secvlian mas ise, rom igi<br />
Tavsebadi gaxdes Cinuri kulturis ZiriTad elementebTan. analogiurad, muslimma<br />
arabebma aiTvises, <strong>da</strong>afases <strong>da</strong> gamoiyenes `elinuri memkvidreoba ukiduresad<br />
utilitaruli miznebisaTvis. iyvnen ra ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d <strong>da</strong>interesebulni garkveuli<br />
garegnuli <strong>for</strong>mebis an teqnikuri mxareebis aTvisebiT, maT icodnen, Tu rogor<br />
ugulebeleyoT berZnuli filosofiuri azris nebismieri elementi, romelic<br />
ewinaaRmdegebo<strong>da</strong> yuranis fun<strong>da</strong>menturi normebiTa <strong>da</strong> swavlebiT <strong>da</strong>dgenil<br />
`WeSmaritebas~. iaponiamac msgavsi gza gaiara. VII saukuneSi man ganaxorciela Cinuri<br />
kulturis importi <strong>da</strong> sakuTari nebiT, `yovelgvari ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> politikuri<br />
zewolis gareSe, gar<strong>da</strong>qmna igi~ ufro maRal civilizaciad. `momdevno saukuneebSi<br />
erTmaneTs enacvlebo<strong>da</strong> kontinenturi gavlenisagan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTi izolaciisa (roca<br />
xdebo<strong>da</strong> adrindel nasesxeb elementTa ga<strong>da</strong>rCeva <strong>da</strong> sasargeblos SeTviseba) <strong>da</strong><br />
kontaqtisa Tu kulturuli sesxebis periodebi~. mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi iaponurma<br />
<strong>kultura</strong>m SeinarCuna TviTmyofadi saxe.<br />
qemalistTa mozomili msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, rom ara<strong>da</strong>savluri sazogadoebebi<br />
SeiZleba modernizdnen vesternizebis gziT, ar mtkicdeba. ukiduresi qemalistebis<br />
warmodgena, TiTqos ara<strong>da</strong>savluri sazogadoebebi un<strong>da</strong> vesternizrdnen, raTa<br />
SemdgomSi modernizdnen, ar gamodgeba sayovelTao `receptad~. Cndeba kiTxva:<br />
arseboben Tu ara iseTi ara<strong>da</strong>savluri sazogadoebebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c lokaluri <strong>kultura</strong> ise<br />
aferxebs modernizaciis process, rom es <strong>kultura</strong> Zireulad un<strong>da</strong> amoiZirkvos <strong>da</strong><br />
Seicvalos <strong>da</strong>savluri kulturiT? Teoriulad, es ufro SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong>srulebul,<br />
vidre instrumentul kulturebSi. instrumentuli kulturebi `xasiaTdeba saboloo<br />
miznebisagan gancalkevebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli Sualeduri miznebis vrceli arealis<br />
arsebobiT. es sistemebi advilad ganaxldeba, afarebs ra cvlilebas tradiciis safars.<br />
aseT sistemebs ZaluZT ganaxleba ise, rom arc gamoamJRavnon Zireuli cvlilebebi<br />
TavianT socialur institutebSi. piriqiT, siaxle Zvelis <strong>da</strong>viwyebas emsaxureba~.<br />
<strong>da</strong>srulebuli sistemebi, piriqiT, `xasiaTdeba mWidro kavSiriT Sualedur <strong>da</strong> saboloo<br />
miznebs Soris... sazogadoeba, saxelmwifo, xelisufleba <strong>da</strong> a.S. warmoadgenen<br />
sagul<strong>da</strong>gulod SekavSirebul, kargad Sekrul sistemas, romelic gamsWvalulia<br />
religiiT, rogorc Semecnebis saxelmZRvanelo proncipiT. aseTi sistemebi yovelTvis<br />
mtrulad iyvnen ganwyobilni siaxlisadmi~. apteri iyenebs am kategoriebs afrikul<br />
tomebSi momx<strong>da</strong>ri cvlilebebis analizisaTvis. aizenStadtma Se<strong>da</strong>rebiTi meTodis<br />
gamoyenebiT gaaanaliza aziis didi civilizaciebi <strong>da</strong> msgavs <strong>da</strong>skvnebamde mivi<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Sinagan cvlilebebs `mniSvnelovnad aadvilebs socialuri, kulturuli <strong>da</strong><br />
politikuri institutebis avtonomia~. am mizeziT, Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT ufro instrumentuli<br />
xasiaTis iaponuri <strong>da</strong> induri sazogadoebebi ufro advilad <strong>da</strong> adre <strong>da</strong>adgnen<br />
modernizaciis gzas, vidre konfuciuri <strong>da</strong> muslimuri sazogadoebebi. maT ufro meti<br />
unari gaaCn<strong>da</strong>T Tanamedrove teqnologiebisa sesxebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi gamoyenebisa sakuTari<br />
kulturis ganmtkicebisaTvis. niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom Cinurma <strong>da</strong> muslimurma<br />
sazogadoebebma an uari Tqvan rogorc <strong>modernizacia</strong>ze, ise vesternizaciazec, an<br />
orive miiRon? arCevani arc ase SezRudulia. iaponiasTan erTad, singapuri, taivani,<br />
saudis arabeTi <strong>da</strong>, naklebad, iranic Tanamedrove (modernul) sazogadoebebad<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>iqmnen yovelgvari vesternizaciis gareSe. sainteresoa, rom Sahis mcdelobebma,<br />
qemalistur kurss gahyolo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> ganexorcielebina orive _ <strong>modernizacia</strong>ca <strong>da</strong><br />
vesternizaciac, mZafri anti<strong>da</strong>savluri, magram ara antimodernuli reaqcia gamoiwvia.<br />
CineTic aSkara re<strong>for</strong>mistul gzas <strong>da</strong>adga.<br />
89
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