kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kulturiT sakuTaris Canacvleba miuRebeli da warmoudgenelia, radgan es niSnavs sakuTaris, TviTmyofadisa da originaluris dakargvas. kultura imdenad aris sazogadoebis sisxlSi gamjdari, rom misi revoluciuri Secvla drois mokle monakveTSi SeuZlebelia. saqarTvelosaTvis sakuTari kulturis globaluri kulturiT Canacvleba warmoudgenelia. es Cven kargad dagvanaxa Tundac kulinariaze gakeTebulma kvlevam, sadac qarTulma xinkalma sagrZnoblad dasjabna hamburgeri. es, ra Tqma unda, ar niSnavs globaluri kulturis srul uaryofas. zogadad rom vTqvaT, globaluri kulturis sruli uaryofa SeuZlebelia, saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi ki _ warmoudgeneli, radgan saqarTvelo cdilobs dasavlur sazogadoebaSi integracias, rac modernizacis gareSe warmoudgenelia. politikisa da ekonomikis sferoSi warmatebis miRweva da dasavlur yaidaze sazogadoebis mowyoba kulturis doneze urTierTobis gareSe SeuZlebelia. es urTierToba ki iTvaliswinebs sazogadoebaSi garkveuli saxis cvlilebebs, sxva kulturasTan adptirebas da morigeba-Seguebas. globaluri kulturis srul uaryofas saqarTvelo verc moaxerxebs da, Cveni azriT, arc unda iyos aucilebeli da saWiro. modernizacia, f.fukuiams TqmiT, sazogadoebaSi cvlilebebs oTx doneze iwvevs _ ideologia, institutebi, samoqalaqo sazogadoeba da kultura. saqarTvelom globaluri kuluturis talRa unda gamoiyenos modernizacisaTvis, anu Tu saqarTveoloSi ise, rogorc msoflios sxvadasxva adgilze, globaluri kulturis gavrceleba daemTxva modernizacias an gamoiwvia igi, globalizacia saqarTveloSi dadebiT procesad unda CaiTvalos. globaluri kultura, rogorc ukve mogaxseneT, vrceldeba iseTi saSualebebiT, romelTac s.hanTingtonma da p.bergerma ~daosuri kultura~ da ~inteleqtualTa~ saklubo kultura uwodes. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, msoflioSi arsebobs biznesSi Cabmuli axalgazrdebis sazogadoebaTa mTeli qseli, romlebic kargad saubroben inglisurad, Sesabamisad icvamen da erTobian, aseve, SeiZleba iTqvas, azrovneben inglisurad. maT Soris gamosayofia ori mimarTuleba: am axalgazrdebis nawili sruli kosmopolitia; meore nawili ki cdilobs erTdroulad or samyaroSi icxovros: ar CamorCes globalur saqmian kulturas, magram sakuTari piradi cxovreba orientirebuli aqvs gansxvavebul kulturul faseulobebze. globalur kulturaSi arsebobs kidev erTi elitaruli seqtori, romelic xSirad erTvis saqmian kulturas, xSirad ki upirispirdeba mas. es aris dasavluri inteligenciis globalizacia, romelsac bergerma uwoda inteleqtualTa saklubo kultura (faculty club culture). misi gavrceleba xdeba saxvadasxva gziT: akademiuri struqturebiT, fondebiT, arasamTavrobo organizaciebiT. igi qmnis sakuTar bazars _ es aris ideebi, qcevis normebi, romlebic Seqmilia dasavleli, kerZod, amerikeli inteleqtualebis mier, rogorebic arian adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebi, specialistebi da sxvani. `inteleqtualTa saklubo kultura~ da `daosuri kultura~ aris saqarTveloSi sazogadobis ganviTarebis erT-erTi garanti da safuZvelia im cvlilebebisa, romelic aucileblad unda ganxorcieldes institutebisa da samoqalaqo saozgadoebis doneze. anu SesaZlebelia, saqarTveloSi globaluri kultura da modernizaciis procesi erTmaneTs daemTxves. amdenad globaluri kulturis suli uaryofa, Cveni azriT, romc SegveZlos, dadebiTi Sedegis momtani ar unda iyos. arsebobs SiSi imisa, rom modernizaciis procesi uaryofs warsulidan SemorCenil tradiciebs, spobs maT da adamians met Tavisuflebas sTavazobs. bevrisaTvis es tradiciisgan gaTavisufleba kulturis originalobisa da TviTmyofadobis dakargvas niSnavs. amitom xSirad modernizacia uaryofiTad fasdeba da sazogadoeba cdilobs 84
mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sakuTar kulturas. TavisTavad sakuTari kulturisaken mibruneba kargicaa da aucilebelic, magram aman ar unda miiRos garemosagan izolaciis saxe. izolacia gamoiwvevs karCaketilobas, rasac SesaZloa sazogadoebis statikur mdgomareobaSi gadasvla moyves (magaliTisaTvis sakmarisia ori koreis da uaxloes warsulSi ori germaniis Sedareba). rogorc Cans, rac ar unda didi da Zlieri iyos kultura, gamoricxulia gare samyarosTan urTierTobisa da siaxleTa miRebis gareSe misi ganviTareba. TviT iseTi didi kultura, rogoricaa CineTi, romelsac Tavisuflad SeiZleba ewodos civilizacia, ver uaryofs amas. igi cdilobs garedan Sesuli siaxleebi marTvadi gaxados, miiRos is, rac surs. amitom uwodes CineTis magaliTs ~marTvadi globalzacia~. axlis miReba ar niSnavs Zvelis uaryofas da modernizaciis procesi ar aris tradiciebisgan gaTavisufleba. k.tompsoni miiCnevs, rom kulturuli memkvidreoba da Tanamedrove adamianis yoveldRiuri cxovreba absoluturad daukavSirebelia erTmaneTTan, CemTvis ufro misaRebia S.eizenStadtis mosazreba. misi TqmiT, rac ar unda didi iyos kontrasti ~tradiciul~ da ~Tanamedrove~ sazogadoebebs Soris, warmatebuli modernizacia SesaZlebelia mxolod tradiciuli elementebis regulaciaze dayrdnobiT. amis naTeli dadasturebaa iaponiis magaliTi, romelzec Cven zemoT gvqonda saubari. msjelobis mizania damajerebeli gaxados daskvna, romlis mixedviTac globaluri kultura da Tavad globalizacia ar warmoadgens iseT saSiSroebas, rogoradac igi saqarTveloSi aRiqmeba, Tumca es ar niSnavs imas, rom igi idealuria da yuradRebis miqcevas ar saWiroebs. globalur kulturasTan urTierToba saqarTvelos aucileblad mouwevs. am kulturaTa urTierTobas unda moyves raime Sedegi. saqarTvelos mier globaluri kulturis sruli uaryofa iseve miuReblad da uaryofiTad mimaCnia, rogorc adgilobrivi kulturis globaluri kulturiT Canacvleba. adgilobrivi da globaluri kulturis urTierTobas Teoeriulad, SeiZleba, is Sedegebi mohyves, romelzedac Cven zemoT gvqonda saubari. esenia: konfrontacia, simbiozi, sinTezi. magram SesaZlebelia, kulturaTa urTierTqmedeba ar mivides romelime am tipis realizaciamde da Semoifarglos mxolod kulturul RirebulebaTa urTierTgacvliT, romelic intesivobiTa da xarisxiT Camouvardeba zemonaxseneb tipebs. pasuxebi dasavleTs da modernizacia dasavleTis eqspansiam aradasavluri sazogadoebebis modernizeba da vesternizireba gamoiwvia. am sazogadoebebis politikuri da inteleqtualuri liderebis pasuxi dasavleTis Semotevaze samgvari iyo: 1) orives _ modernizaciisa da vestrenizaciis _ uaryofa, 2) orives miReba, 3) erTis miReba da meoris uaryofa. uaryofa. 1542 wlidan _ dasavleTTan pirveli kontaqtis damyarebidan _ XIX saukunis Sua xanebamde iaponia dasavleTis mkveTri uaryofis gziT midioda. daSvebuli iyo modernizaciis mxolod SezRuduli formebi, magaliTad, sabrZolo masalebis SeZena, xolo dasavluri kulturis importi, maT Soris yvelaze gamorCeulad _ qristianobisa, sastikad ikrZaleboda. XVII saukuneSi dasavlelebi saerTod gamoaZeves qveynidan. ukompromiso damokidebulebas bolo moeRo 1854 wels, rodesac kapitanma perim ZaliT daarRvia iaponiis karCaketiloba, 1868 wels meiZis restavracias mohyva aqtiuri mcdelobebi, gaeziarebinaT dasavleTis gamocdileba. ramdenime saukunis manZilze CineTic cdilobda, xeli SeeSala modernizebisa da vesternizebis seriozuli mcdelobebisaTvis. 1601 wels qveyanaSi SeuSves qristiani misionerebi, Tumca 1722 wlisaTvis isini saguldagulod gamoaZeves iqidan. iaponiisgan gansxvavebiT, CineTis 85
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
- Page 91 and 92: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 93 and 94: im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
- Page 95 and 96: gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
- Page 97 and 98: iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
- Page 99 and 100: nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
- Page 101 and 102: unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
- Page 103 and 104: niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyan
- Page 105 and 106: iCens Tavs postindustriuli ganviTar
- Page 107 and 108: meti adamianis danaklisi arcTu mcir
- Page 109 and 110: mosaxleobis Semcireba, pirvel rigSi
- Page 111 and 112: CULTURE AND MODERNIZATION TOPIC 1.
- Page 113 and 114: TOPIC 3. TYPOLOGY OF CULTURES ON A
- Page 115 and 116: consider that modern stage of devel
- Page 117 and 118: 1. Multiculturalizm; 2. Pluralizm;
- Page 119: supranational structures. Democracy
kulturiT sakuTaris Canacvleba miuRebeli <strong>da</strong> warmoudgenelia, radgan es niSnavs<br />
sakuTaris, TviTmyofadisa <strong>da</strong> originaluris <strong>da</strong>kargvas. <strong>kultura</strong> imdenad aris<br />
sazogadoebis sisxlSi gamj<strong>da</strong>ri, rom misi revoluciuri Secvla drois mokle<br />
monakveTSi SeuZlebelia. saqarTvelosaTvis sakuTari kulturis globaluri<br />
kulturiT Canacvleba warmoudgenelia. es Cven kargad <strong>da</strong>gvanaxa Tun<strong>da</strong>c kulinariaze<br />
gakeTebulma kvlevam, sa<strong>da</strong>c qarTulma xinkalma sagrZnoblad <strong>da</strong>sjabna hamburgeri. es,<br />
ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, ar niSnavs globaluri kulturis srul uaryofas. zoga<strong>da</strong>d rom vTqvaT,<br />
globaluri kulturis sruli uaryofa SeuZlebelia, saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi ki _<br />
warmoudgeneli, radgan saqarTvelo cdilobs <strong>da</strong>savlur sazogadoebaSi integracias,<br />
rac modernizacis gareSe warmoudgenelia. politikisa <strong>da</strong> ekonomikis sferoSi<br />
warmatebis miRweva <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savlur yai<strong>da</strong>ze sazogadoebis mowyoba kulturis doneze<br />
urTierTobis gareSe SeuZlebelia. es urTierToba ki iTvaliswinebs sazogadoebaSi<br />
garkveuli saxis cvlilebebs, sxva <strong>kultura</strong>sTan adptirebas <strong>da</strong> morigeba-Seguebas.<br />
globaluri kulturis srul uaryofas saqarTvelo verc moaxerxebs <strong>da</strong>, Cveni azriT,<br />
arc un<strong>da</strong> iyos aucilebeli <strong>da</strong> saWiro. <strong>modernizacia</strong>, f.fukuiams TqmiT, sazogadoebaSi<br />
cvlilebebs oTx doneze iwvevs _ ideologia, institutebi, samoqalaqo sazogadoeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>kultura</strong>. saqarTvelom globaluri kuluturis talRa un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyenos modernizacisaTvis,<br />
anu Tu saqarTveoloSi ise, rogorc msoflios sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva adgilze,<br />
globaluri kulturis gavrceleba <strong>da</strong>emTxva <strong>modernizacia</strong>s an gamoiwvia igi,<br />
globalizacia saqarTveloSi <strong>da</strong>debiT procesad un<strong>da</strong> CaiTvalos. globaluri<br />
<strong>kultura</strong>, rogorc ukve mogaxseneT, vrceldeba iseTi saSualebebiT, romelTac<br />
s.hanTingtonma <strong>da</strong> p.bergerma ~<strong>da</strong>osuri <strong>kultura</strong>~ <strong>da</strong> ~inteleqtualTa~ saklubo<br />
<strong>kultura</strong> uwodes.<br />
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, msoflioSi arsebobs biznesSi Cabmuli axalgazrdebis<br />
sazogadoebaTa mTeli qseli, romlebic kargad saubroben inglisurad, Sesabamisad<br />
icvamen <strong>da</strong> erTobian, aseve, SeiZleba iTqvas, azrovneben inglisurad. maT Soris<br />
gamosayofia ori mimarTuleba: am axalgazrdebis nawili sruli kosmopolitia; meore<br />
nawili ki cdilobs erTdroulad or samyaroSi icxovros: ar CamorCes globalur<br />
saqmian <strong>kultura</strong>s, magram sakuTari piradi cxovreba orientirebuli aqvs gansxvavebul<br />
kulturul faseulobebze.<br />
globalur <strong>kultura</strong>Si arsebobs kidev erTi elitaruli seqtori, romelic xSirad<br />
erTvis saqmian <strong>kultura</strong>s, xSirad ki upirispirdeba mas. es aris <strong>da</strong>savluri inteligenciis<br />
globalizacia, romelsac bergerma uwo<strong>da</strong> inteleqtualTa saklubo<br />
<strong>kultura</strong> (faculty club culture). misi gavrceleba xdeba saxva<strong>da</strong>sxva gziT:<br />
akademiuri struqturebiT, fondebiT, arasamTavrobo organizaciebiT. igi qmnis<br />
sakuTar bazars _ es aris ideebi, qcevis normebi, romlebic Seqmilia <strong>da</strong>savleli,<br />
kerZod, amerikeli inteleqtualebis mier, rogorebic arian a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>mcvelebi, specialistebi <strong>da</strong> sxvani.<br />
`inteleqtualTa saklubo <strong>kultura</strong>~ <strong>da</strong> `<strong>da</strong>osuri <strong>kultura</strong>~ aris saqarTveloSi<br />
sazogadobis ganviTarebis erT-erTi garanti <strong>da</strong> safuZvelia im cvlilebebisa, romelic<br />
aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes institutebisa <strong>da</strong> samoqalaqo saozgadoebis doneze.<br />
anu SesaZlebelia, saqarTveloSi globaluri <strong>kultura</strong> <strong>da</strong> modernizaciis procesi<br />
erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong>emTxves. amdenad globaluri kulturis suli uaryofa, Cveni azriT, romc<br />
SegveZlos, <strong>da</strong>debiTi Sedegis momtani ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos.<br />
arsebobs SiSi imisa, rom modernizaciis procesi uaryofs warsuli<strong>da</strong>n SemorCenil<br />
tradiciebs, spobs maT <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mians met Tavisuflebas sTavazobs. bevrisaTvis es<br />
tradiciisgan gaTavisufleba kulturis originalobisa <strong>da</strong> TviTmyofadobis <strong>da</strong>kargvas<br />
niSnavs. amitom xSirad <strong>modernizacia</strong> uaryofiTad fasdeba <strong>da</strong> sazogadoeba cdilobs<br />
84
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