kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
ealizebas. amiT globaluri kultura Zalzed waagavs elinizmis epoqas, rodesac gaizarda individebis miswrafeba `srulyofilebisaken~. mizanSewonilad miviCnevT, oriode sityviT Tavad modernizaciis cnebasac SevexoT. am terminiT sociologiaSi aRniSnaven tradiciuli, sasoflo, agraruli sazogadoebidan sekularul, industriul, urbanistul sazogadoebad transformacias. modernuli sazogadoeba industriuli sazogadoebaa. sazogadoebis modernizeba, upirveles yovlisa, mis industrializacias niSnavs. istoriulad, modernuli sazogadoebis aRzeveba mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli industriuli sazogadoebis warmoSobasTan. modernulobis yvela ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli/niSani dakavSirebulia cvlilebaTa erTobliobasTan, romelmac ori saukuniT adre ganapiroba industriuli sazogadoebis warmoSoba. termini `industrializacia~ da `industriuli sazogadoeba~ gacilebiT mets gulisxmobs, vidre ekonomikuri da teqnologiuri komponentebia, romlebic mis arss warmoadgenen. industrializmi cxovrebis wesia, romelic moicavs Zireul ekonomikur, socialur, politikur da kulturul cvlilebebs. industrializaciis yovlismomcveli gardaqmnebis Sedegad sazogadoeba xdeba modernuli. modernizacia aris uwyveti da usasrulo procesi. istoriulad, modernizacia saukuneebs moicavs, Tumca, arsebobs daCqarebuli modernizaciis magaliTebi. orive SemTxvevaSi, modernizacia ar aris erTjeradi monapovari. rogoric ar unda iyos ganviTarebis done, yovelTvis arseboben `CamorCenili~ regionebi da `periferiuli~ jgufebi. es aris modernul sazogadoebaSi daZabulobisa da konfliqtebis mudmivi safuZveli. modernizaciis procesi ar Semoifargleba erTi calkeuli qveynis Sinagani ganviTarebiT. is unda ganixilebodes globaluri masStabiT, radgan modernizacia gavrcelda Tavisi warmoSobis adgilidan _ dasavleTidan _ da mTeli msoflio moicva. ganviTarebis araTanabari donis mqone naciebis arseboba msoflio saxelmwifoTa sistemaSi arastabilurobis fundamenturi elementia. modernizacias ori ZiriTadi faza aqvs. misi ganviTarebis garkveul momentamde modernistuli ideebi progresulad iTvleba, Tumca mas SeiZleba Tavdapirvelad winaaRmdegoba Sexvdes. modernizaciis Tavdapirveli winaaRmdegobebi, SesaZloa, xangrZlivi da mwvave iyos, magram, ZiriTadad isini ganwirulia warumateblobisaTvis. Tumca, garkveuli momentis Semdeg modernizacia iwvevs mzard ukmayofilebas. es nawilobriv gamoiwvia modernuli sazogadoebis adreuli warmatebisa da dinamizmisagan didi Sedegebis molodinma. jgufebs erTobebSi mzardi moTxovnebi uCndebodaT da am moTxovnebis dakmayofileba sul ufro da ufro rTuldeboda. ufro dasabuTebulad, modernizaciam ganviTarebul doneze msoflio masStabiT moitana axali socialuri da materialuri sirTuleebi, romlebic safrTxes uqmnida ganviTarebasa da eqspansias, romelsac modernuli sazogadoeba efuZneba. meore fazaSi, modernuli sazogadoeba uamravi problemis pirispir aRmoCnda. am problemaTa gadaWra, umravles SemTxvevaSi, aRemateboda tradiciuli eri-saxlemwifos SesaZleblobebs. amave dros, msoflios dRevandeli saxis ganmsazRvrel dominirebad faqtorad rCeba araTanabari siZlierisa da konfliqturi interesebis mqone suverenul er-saxelmwifoTa sistema. modernuli sazogadoebis warmoSoba dakavSirebulia XVIII saukuneSi momxdar or did cvlilebasTan (ZvrasTan) politikur da ekonomikur sferoSi. orive maTgani im farTo cvlilebebis nawilia, romlebmac, renesansisa da reformaciis Semdeg, dasavleTi gadaiyvana ganviTarebis axal, danarCeni samyarosagan gansxvavebul, etapze. cvlilebaTa es modeli gulisxmobda individualizmsa da, saboloo jamSi, sekularizms, rac protestantul memkvidreobas warmoadgenda. cvlilebebi gamoixata 68
aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. cvlilebebma am orive mimarTulebiT XVIII saukunis bolos kulminacias miaRwia. pirvelma modernma ganapiroba politikuri revoluciebi safrangeTsa da CrdiloeT amerikaSi. meore ki, romelic mimdinareobda teqnologiuri inovaciebisaTvis xelsayrel viTarebaSi, did britaneTis industriuli revoluciis erT-erTi ZiriTadi elementi iyo. amerikisa da safrangeTis revoluciebma daafuZnes modernuli sazogadoebis politikuri tipi _ konstituciuri da demokratiuli. es niSnavs ara imas, rom amieridan yvela mTavrobas amgvari xasiaTi hqonda, aramed imas, rom aqedan moyolebuli, praqtikulad yvela moazrovnisaTvis cxadi gaxda, rom axla politikur sistemebs aRar unda hqonodaT pretenzia legitimurobaze, Tu is ar iqneboda damyarebuli konstituciurad gamoxatul `xalxis nebaze~. Tavi VII. vesternizaciisa da modernizaciis cnebaTa urTierTmimarTebisTvis erT-erTi didi problemaa globalizaciisa da vesternizaciis urTierTmimarTeba. Camoyalibda ori Tvalsazrisi: pirvelis mixedviT, globalizacia aris ufro farTo procesi, vidre vesternizacia; amasTan erTad, globalizacia praqtikulad TanabarmniSvnelovania modernizaciisa; am Sexedulebas mxars uWeren a.gidensi, r.robertsoni, m.olbrou, u.konoli. aRmosavleT aziis qveynebma daamtkices, rom industrializacia SesaZlebelia vesternizaciis gareSe. meore midgomis mixedviT, globalizacia mxolod da mxolod dasavluri modernizmis globalur difuzias warmoadgens. da igi mimarTulia veternizaciis gafarToebis, dasavluri kapitalizmisa da institutebis gavrcelebisaken. am mimarTulebas mxars uWeren s.amini da l.bentoni. r.gilpini miiCnevs, rom msoflio internacionalizacia aris amerikuli msoflio wesrigis gavrcelebis produqti. a.kalinikosi da rigi mecnierebisa TanamedroveobaSi xedaven dasavluri imperializmis axal fazas, romelSic nacionalurma xelisuflebebma Seasrules monopolitikuri kapitalis agentebis roli. amerikeli Teoritikosis h.gleizeris azriT, globalizacia aris gavrceleba dasavleTis mier regulirebuli informaciisa da gasarTobi saSualebebisa, romlebic garkveul efeqts axdens im qveynebis faseulobebze, romelbSic es informacia aRwevs. CexeTis prezidentma vaclav havelma warmoadgina ubralo beduinis saxe, romelic zis aqlemze da tradiciuli samosis qveS jinsebs atarebs. mas xelSi radiomimRebi da koka-kola uWiravs. koka-kola da jinsi, marTalia, naklebmniSvnelovania, magram radiomimRebi da televizori ukve did mniSvnelobas iZens, radgan maTi saSualebiT beduini iRebs informacias, romelic aucileblad axdens gavlenas beduinis pirvelsawyis Rirebulebebze. rodesac saubaria kulturis globalizaciaze, saubaria dasavluri civilizaciis, kerZod, amerikuli kulturis gavlenaze msoflios sxva civilizaciebze. Tema VIII. dasavlur da aradasavlur kulturaTa warmomadgenlebis TvaliT danaxuli samomavlo perspeqtiva rogorc davinaxeT, globalizacia Tanamedrove movlenaa, magram es ar niSnavs, rom dRes mimdinare procesebis msgavsi istoriis ganmavlobaSi ar xdeboda. globalur movlenebi adrec aRiniSneboda; istoriaze dakvirvebiT, SesaZlebelia imis mtkiceba, rom saqarTvelo mudmivad CarTuli iyo globalur procesebSi (nebismieri axlo Tu 69
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
- Page 91 and 92: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 93 and 94: im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
- Page 95 and 96: gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
- Page 97 and 98: iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
- Page 99 and 100: nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
- Page 101 and 102: unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
- Page 103 and 104: niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyan
- Page 105 and 106: iCens Tavs postindustriuli ganviTar
- Page 107 and 108: meti adamianis danaklisi arcTu mcir
- Page 109 and 110: mosaxleobis Semcireba, pirvel rigSi
- Page 111 and 112: CULTURE AND MODERNIZATION TOPIC 1.
- Page 113 and 114: TOPIC 3. TYPOLOGY OF CULTURES ON A
- Page 115 and 116: consider that modern stage of devel
- Page 117 and 118: 1. Multiculturalizm; 2. Pluralizm;
ealizebas. amiT globaluri <strong>kultura</strong> Zalzed waagavs elinizmis epoqas, rodesac<br />
gaizar<strong>da</strong> individebis miswrafeba `srulyofilebisaken~.<br />
mizanSewonilad miviCnevT, oriode sityviT Tavad modernizaciis cnebasac<br />
SevexoT. am terminiT sociologiaSi aRniSnaven tradiciuli, sasoflo, agraruli<br />
sazogadoebi<strong>da</strong>n sekularul, industriul, urbanistul sazogadoebad<br />
trans<strong>for</strong>macias. modernuli sazogadoeba industriuli sazogadoebaa. sazogadoebis<br />
modernizeba, upirveles yovlisa, mis industrializacias niSnavs. istoriulad,<br />
modernuli sazogadoebis aRzeveba mWidrod iyo <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli industriuli<br />
sazogadoebis warmoSobasTan. modernulobis yvela ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli/niSani<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia cvlilebaTa erTobliobasTan, romelmac ori saukuniT adre<br />
ganapiroba industriuli sazogadoebis warmoSoba. termini `industrializacia~ <strong>da</strong><br />
`industriuli sazogadoeba~ gacilebiT mets gulisxmobs, vidre ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong><br />
teqnologiuri komponentebia, romlebic mis arss warmoadgenen. industrializmi<br />
cxovrebis wesia, romelic moicavs Zireul ekonomikur, socialur, politikur <strong>da</strong><br />
kulturul cvlilebebs. industrializaciis yovlismomcveli gar<strong>da</strong>qmnebis Sedegad<br />
sazogadoeba xdeba modernuli. <strong>modernizacia</strong> aris uwyveti <strong>da</strong> usasrulo procesi.<br />
istoriulad, <strong>modernizacia</strong> saukuneebs moicavs, Tumca, arsebobs <strong>da</strong>Cqarebuli<br />
modernizaciis magaliTebi. orive SemTxvevaSi, <strong>modernizacia</strong> ar aris erTjeradi<br />
monapovari. rogoric ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos ganviTarebis done, yovelTvis arseboben<br />
`CamorCenili~ regionebi <strong>da</strong> `periferiuli~ jgufebi. es aris modernul sazogadoebaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>Zabulobisa <strong>da</strong> konfliqtebis mudmivi safuZveli. modernizaciis procesi ar<br />
Semoifargleba erTi calkeuli qveynis Sinagani ganviTarebiT. is un<strong>da</strong> ganixilebodes<br />
globaluri masStabiT, radgan <strong>modernizacia</strong> gavrcel<strong>da</strong> Tavisi warmoSobis adgili<strong>da</strong>n<br />
_ <strong>da</strong>savleTi<strong>da</strong>n _ <strong>da</strong> mTeli msoflio moicva. ganviTarebis araTanabari donis mqone<br />
naciebis arseboba msoflio saxelmwifoTa sistemaSi arastabilurobis fun<strong>da</strong>menturi<br />
elementia.<br />
<strong>modernizacia</strong>s ori ZiriTadi faza aqvs. misi ganviTarebis garkveul momentamde<br />
modernistuli ideebi progresulad iTvleba, Tumca mas SeiZleba Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad<br />
winaaRmdegoba Sexvdes. modernizaciis Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli winaaRmdegobebi, SesaZloa,<br />
xangrZlivi <strong>da</strong> mwvave iyos, magram, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d isini ganwirulia warumateblobisaTvis.<br />
Tumca, garkveuli momentis Semdeg <strong>modernizacia</strong> iwvevs mzard ukmayofilebas. es<br />
nawilobriv gamoiwvia modernuli sazogadoebis adreuli warmatebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
dinamizmisagan didi Sedegebis molodinma. jgufebs erTobebSi mzardi moTxovnebi<br />
uCndebo<strong>da</strong>T <strong>da</strong> am moTxovnebis <strong>da</strong>kmayofileba sul ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro rTuldebo<strong>da</strong>. ufro<br />
<strong>da</strong>sabuTebulad, <strong>modernizacia</strong>m ganviTarebul doneze msoflio masStabiT moitana<br />
axali socialuri <strong>da</strong> materialuri sirTuleebi, romlebic safrTxes uqmni<strong>da</strong><br />
ganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong> eqspansias, romelsac modernuli sazogadoeba efuZneba. meore<br />
fazaSi, modernuli sazogadoeba uamravi problemis pirispir aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. am problemaTa<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wra, umravles SemTxvevaSi, aRematebo<strong>da</strong> tradiciuli eri-saxlemwifos<br />
SesaZleblobebs. amave dros, msoflios dRevandeli saxis ganmsazRvrel dominirebad<br />
faqtorad rCeba araTanabari siZlierisa <strong>da</strong> konfliqturi interesebis mqone<br />
suverenul er-saxelmwifoTa sistema.<br />
modernuli sazogadoebis warmoSoba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia XVIII saukuneSi momx<strong>da</strong>r or<br />
did cvlilebasTan (ZvrasTan) politikur <strong>da</strong> ekonomikur sferoSi. orive maTgani im<br />
farTo cvlilebebis nawilia, romlebmac, renesansisa <strong>da</strong> re<strong>for</strong>maciis Semdeg,<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTi ga<strong>da</strong>iyvana ganviTarebis axal, <strong>da</strong>narCeni samyarosagan gansxvavebul, etapze.<br />
cvlilebaTa es modeli gulisxmob<strong>da</strong> individualizmsa <strong>da</strong>, saboloo jamSi,<br />
sekularizms, rac protestantul memkvidreobas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>. cvlilebebi gamoixata<br />
68
Change language