kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
urTierToba, romelic SeiZleba damyardes skolaSi, quCaSi, kafeSi, qarxanaSi, internetSic xorcieldeba. interneti xels uwyobs globaluri kulturis Seqmnas, acxadebs saerTaSoriso marketinguli firma IDC-s vice-prezidenti gigi vangi (Gigi Wang). am saxis ukanaskneli cvlileba iyo gadasvla lokaluridan erovnul ekonomikaze, rasac Tan sdevda gadasvla rkinigzidan da radiodan avtomobilsa da televizorze. axla xdeba gadasvla erovnuli ekonomikidan globalur ekonomikaze, rasac mosdevs sahaero transporti da interneti. boloniis universitetis istoriis profesori devid elvudi (David Elwood) miiCnevs, rom interneti ar qmnis globalur kulturas, aramed mxolod aCqarebs movlenebs da qmnis am fenomenis erT-erT Sres. globaluri kultura didi biznesia da misi saTave SeiZleba moiZebnos industriis iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa sporti, filmebi, fotografia, musika da aviaxazebi. yovelive amis Tavi da Tavia aSS gasarTobi industriis mier masobrivi kulturis unikaluri da mzardi moculobiT gamogoneba, warmoeba da gavrceleba. d.elvudis TqmiT, 1996 wels aSS filmebma, satelevizio produqciam, kompiuterulma teqnikam, wignebma da kulturis sxva formebma gadaaWarba sahaero da TavdacviTi produqciis eqsports, da am mxriv pirveli adgili daikava. amis Semdeg inglisuri ena iqca ara mxolod globaluri komerciis, aramed saerTaSoriso teqnologiisa da garTobis enadac. kacobriobam Seabija ganviTarebis axal epoqaSi, es aris sainformacio epoqa, interneti aris masobrivi kulturis farTod gavrcelebis saSualeba. afrikeli mkvlevari qalis farida miuale-manenjis (Fridah Muyale-Manenji) TqmiT, globalizacia uzarmazar gavlenas axdens kulturaze, igi sxvadasxva gziT zemoqmedebs xalxis kulturul qcevaze. adamianebi icvlian cxovrebis wess. koka-kolas ritmuli reklama ismis qveynierebis nebismier wertilSi, im soflebSic ki, sadac arsebobs sasmeli wylis problema. informaciulma epoqam ganapiroba is, rom kulturebi dauaxlovdnen erTmaneTs; tradiciul simboloTa gverdiT gaCnda internacionaluri mniSvnelobis simboloebi da popularuli sistemebi. sainteresoa, rom es yvelaferi xdeba zedapirulad, anu yvelafris gaucnobiereblad miRebas axdens masa, romelsac monawileoba ar miuRia Tavisi kulturis originaluri Rirebulebebis SeqmnaSi, masa, romelsac gacnobierebulic ki ar aqvs, Tu ras niSnavs Zireuli gansxvaveba kulturebs Soris, amitom masze did gavlenas axdens reklama. mediis zemoqmedebiT kulturis miReba zustad iseTive movlenaa, rogorc reklamiT raRac nawarmis farTo masisaTvis gacnoba. reklamaSi Seqmnili samyaro imdenad mimzidveli da macduria, rom aucileblad axdens momxmarebelze gavlenas. momxmarebeli ki dRes aris masa, romelic imdenad gaZlierda, rom, marTalia, Tavad ver qmnis, magram elitas, romelsac SemoqmedebiTi unari aqvs, karnaxobs imas, Tu ra unda Seqmnas, karnaxobs modas. dRes iqmneba is, rac moswons yvelas, yvela ki `masaa~, iqmneba is, raSic masa ufro met Tanxas ixdis. f.fukuiamas TqmiT, dRes saubari SeZleba mxolod globalur samomxmareblo kulturaze, romelic vrceldeba makdonaldsisa da koka-kolas msgavsi kompaniebis meSveobiT 1 . magram, saerTod, kultura ufro metia, vidre samomxmareblo bazari, es ukanaskneli aris zedapiruli aspeqti, kulturas ki aqvs siRrme, romelic gavlenas 1 (erT saintereso faqtze minda SevaCero Tqveni yuradReba; ruandaSi momxdari genocidis Semdeg ar arsebobda aranairi infrastruqtura, aranairi wesrigi, qveyana srul qaosiT iyo moculi. gaerTianebuli erebis organizacias, romelic gaemgzavra misiis Sesasruleblad am qveyanaSi, erTi saintereso faqtis momswre gaxda: maTze ufro adre ruandaSi Casvla “koka-kolas” warmomadgenlebma moaxerxes) 66
axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba xalxi erTmaneTs. swored amitom kulturebi jer kidev inarCuneben individualurobas. misive TqmiT, 60-ian wlebSi azia aSS-s Sehyurebda rogorc modernizaciis models. gabatonebuli iyo mosazreba, rom dasavleTi flobs mowinave sakomunikacio teqnologiebs, romelTa meSveobiTac advili SesaZlebeli iqneboda kulturis gavrceleba. magram swored iman, rom am sakomunikacio saSualebebma azias da sxva sazogadoebebs ufro mkveTrad daanaxa is gansxvaveba, romelic maTi kulturebis ZirebSia saZiebeli da, romlis gafermkrTalebac ki Zalian Zneli, TiTqmis miuRwevelia. amas isic emateba, rom aziisa da sxva aradasavluri sazogadoebebi sul ufro did yuradRebas aqceven amerikaSi mimdinare urbanul xrwnasa da ojaxis dacemas. es ki isedac arsebul ufskruls sul ufro aRrmavebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom informaciulma daaxloebam mxolod moCvenebiTi globaluri kultura Seqmna, romelic misaRebia masisaTvis. masas, SesaZloa, didi survilic hqondes, rom miiRos da icxovros ucxo kulturisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli wesebiT, magram es ver moaxerxos, radgan sakuTari kultura ar miscems amis saSualebas. swored es ganasxvavebs masas elitisagan, radgan elita iRebs ara imas, rac surs, aramed imas, risi miRebac mis pirovnebas SeuZlia. ufro sworad, elitas imis miRebis survili uCndeba, rac misi kulturisaTvis aris misaRebi da amas igi akeTebs ara ise, rom moaxdinos sakuTaris, Zireulis uaryofa, radgan elita Tavidan bolomde SeigrZnobs kulturas, masas ki es grZnoba ar gaaCnia, swored amitom misTvis globaluri samomxmareblo kultura ukve niSnavs mTlianad kulturis globalizacias, radgan kulturis meti siRrme masas ar aintresebs. swored amis eSinoda x.ortega i gasetis jer kidev XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi, rodesac acxadebda, rom gaqrebian beThovenisa da mocartis msmenelebi. es SiSi dResac arsebobs _ SiSi imisa, rom masebis gaZliereba TavisTavad moaxdens kulturuli originalurobis gaqrobas. masa moiTxovs komforts, mas ara aqvs mizani, rasac cxovrebas Seswiravs, misi mizania komfortuli cxovreba, mas mxolod is surs, rom iyos yvelas msgavsi. aseve didi roli ekisreba globaluri kulturis gavrcelebaSi evangelistur protestantizms. ingliseli sociologi devid martini didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ikvlevda am sakiTxs da dazusta, rom msoflioSi am religiis mimdevari 250 milionamde adamiania. am religiis miReba iwvevs garkveul cvlilebebs ojaxur urTierTobebSi, seqsualur gamovlinebebSi, bavSvTa aRzrdaSi da, rac yvelaze mTavaria, saqmisadmi damokidebulebaSi, rac TavisTavad gavlenas axdens ekonomikaze saerTod. globaluri kultura mimarTulia adamianebis individualizaciisaken da tradiciebisgan da erTobebisagan maTi damoukideblobisaken. individualizacia unda ganixilebodes, rogorc socialur-fsiqologiuri procesi, romelic empiriul gamoxatulebas povebs adamianis qcevasa da cnobierebaSi, damoukideblad im ideisagan, romelic am adamianebs SesaZloa hqodeT amis Sesaxeb. sxva sityvebiT, individualizacia rogorc empiriuli gamovlineba, aucileblad gansasxvavebelia `individualizmisagan, rogorc ideologiisagan. msgavsi midgoma momgebiania imdenad, ramdenadac gvexmareba avxsnaT, Tu riT aris mimzidveli axali globaluri kultura. rogorc ukve cnobilia, modernizacia angrevs tradiciebisa da koleqtiuri sulis mefobas da individs xdis ufro TviTmyofads. es ki niSnavs gaTavisuflebas. axal globalur kulturas bevri aqvs saerTo modernizaciis procesTan. dRevandel dRes ki msoflios mraval kuTxeSi kidec emTxvevian erTmaneTs. modernizaciis adreul etapze adamianebs uCndebaT meti Tavisuflebisa da axali SesaZleblobebis aRtacebuli grZnoba. amitom axali globaluri kultura momxiblavia maTTvis, vinc afasebs pirovnul Tavisuflebas da cdilobs mis srulad 67
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
- Page 91 and 92: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 93 and 94: im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
- Page 95 and 96: gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
- Page 97 and 98: iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
- Page 99 and 100: nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
- Page 101 and 102: unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
- Page 103 and 104: niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyan
- Page 105 and 106: iCens Tavs postindustriuli ganviTar
- Page 107 and 108: meti adamianis danaklisi arcTu mcir
- Page 109 and 110: mosaxleobis Semcireba, pirvel rigSi
- Page 111 and 112: CULTURE AND MODERNIZATION TOPIC 1.
- Page 113 and 114: TOPIC 3. TYPOLOGY OF CULTURES ON A
- Page 115 and 116: consider that modern stage of devel
urTierToba, romelic SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>myardes skolaSi, quCaSi, kafeSi, qarxanaSi,<br />
internetSic xorcieldeba.<br />
interneti xels uwyobs globaluri kulturis Seqmnas, acxadebs saerTaSoriso<br />
marketinguli firma IDC-s vice-prezidenti gigi vangi (Gigi Wang). am saxis ukanaskneli<br />
cvlileba iyo ga<strong>da</strong>svla lokaluri<strong>da</strong>n erovnul ekonomikaze, rasac Tan sdev<strong>da</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>svla rkinigzi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> radio<strong>da</strong>n avtomobilsa <strong>da</strong> televizorze. axla xdeba ga<strong>da</strong>svla<br />
erovnuli ekonomiki<strong>da</strong>n globalur ekonomikaze, rasac mosdevs sahaero transporti <strong>da</strong><br />
interneti.<br />
boloniis universitetis istoriis profesori devid elvudi (David Elwood) miiCnevs,<br />
rom interneti ar qmnis globalur <strong>kultura</strong>s, aramed mxolod aCqarebs movlenebs <strong>da</strong><br />
qmnis am fenomenis erT-erT Sres. globaluri <strong>kultura</strong> didi biznesia <strong>da</strong> misi saTave<br />
SeiZleba moiZebnos industriis iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa sporti, filmebi,<br />
fotografia, musika <strong>da</strong> aviaxazebi. yovelive amis Tavi <strong>da</strong> Tavia aSS gasarTobi<br />
industriis mier masobrivi kulturis unikaluri <strong>da</strong> mzardi moculobiT gamogoneba,<br />
warmoeba <strong>da</strong> gavrceleba. d.elvudis TqmiT, 1996 wels aSS filmebma, satelevizio<br />
produqciam, kompiuterulma teqnikam, wignebma <strong>da</strong> kulturis sxva <strong>for</strong>mebma ga<strong>da</strong>aWarba<br />
sahaero <strong>da</strong> Tav<strong>da</strong>cviTi produqciis eqsports, <strong>da</strong> am mxriv pirveli adgili <strong>da</strong>ikava. amis<br />
Semdeg inglisuri ena iqca ara mxolod globaluri komerciis, aramed saerTaSoriso<br />
teqnologiisa <strong>da</strong> garTobis ena<strong>da</strong>c.<br />
kacobriobam Seabija ganviTarebis axal epoqaSi, es aris sain<strong>for</strong>macio epoqa,<br />
interneti aris masobrivi kulturis farTod gavrcelebis saSualeba. afrikeli<br />
mkvlevari qalis fari<strong>da</strong> miuale-manenjis (Fri<strong>da</strong>h Muyale-Manenji) TqmiT, globalizacia<br />
uzarmazar gavlenas axdens <strong>kultura</strong>ze, igi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva gziT zemoqmedebs xalxis<br />
kulturul qcevaze. a<strong>da</strong>mianebi icvlian cxovrebis wess. koka-kolas ritmuli reklama<br />
ismis qveynierebis nebismier wertilSi, im soflebSic ki, sa<strong>da</strong>c arsebobs sasmeli wylis<br />
problema.<br />
in<strong>for</strong>maciulma epoqam ganapiroba is, rom kulturebi <strong>da</strong>uaxlovdnen erTmaneTs;<br />
tradiciul simboloTa gverdiT gaCn<strong>da</strong> internacionaluri mniSvnelobis simboloebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> popularuli sistemebi.<br />
sainteresoa, rom es yvelaferi xdeba ze<strong>da</strong>pirulad, anu yvelafris<br />
gaucnobiereblad miRebas axdens masa, romelsac monawileoba ar miuRia Tavisi<br />
kulturis originaluri Rirebulebebis SeqmnaSi, masa, romelsac gacnobierebulic ki<br />
ar aqvs, Tu ras niSnavs Zireuli gansxvaveba kulturebs Soris, amitom masze did<br />
gavlenas axdens reklama. mediis zemoqmedebiT kulturis miReba zustad iseTive<br />
movlenaa, rogorc reklamiT raRac nawarmis farTo masisaTvis gacnoba. reklamaSi<br />
Seqmnili samyaro imdenad mimzidveli <strong>da</strong> macduria, rom aucileblad axdens<br />
momxmarebelze gavlenas. momxmarebeli ki dRes aris masa, romelic imdenad gaZlier<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom, marTalia, Tavad ver qmnis, magram elitas, romelsac SemoqmedebiTi unari aqvs,<br />
karnaxobs imas, Tu ra un<strong>da</strong> Seqmnas, karnaxobs mo<strong>da</strong>s. dRes iqmneba is, rac moswons<br />
yvelas, yvela ki `masaa~, iqmneba is, raSic masa ufro met Tanxas ixdis.<br />
f.fukuiamas TqmiT, dRes saubari SeZleba mxolod globalur samomxmareblo<br />
<strong>kultura</strong>ze, romelic vrceldeba makdonaldsisa <strong>da</strong> koka-kolas msgavsi kompaniebis<br />
meSveobiT 1 . magram, saerTod, <strong>kultura</strong> ufro metia, vidre samomxmareblo bazari, es<br />
ukanaskneli aris ze<strong>da</strong>piruli aspeqti, <strong>kultura</strong>s ki aqvs siRrme, romelic gavlenas<br />
1 (erT saintereso faqtze min<strong>da</strong> SevaCero Tqveni yuradReba; ruan<strong>da</strong>Si momx<strong>da</strong>ri genocidis Semdeg ar<br />
arsebob<strong>da</strong> aranairi infrastruqtura, aranairi wesrigi, qveyana srul qaosiT iyo moculi.<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacias, romelic gaemgzavra misiis Sesasruleblad am qveyanaSi, erTi<br />
saintereso faqtis momswre gax<strong>da</strong>: maTze ufro adre ruan<strong>da</strong>Si Casvla “koka-kolas” warmomadgenlebma<br />
moaxerxes)<br />
66
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