kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
saZiebelia im teritoriaze, romelic moicavs CrdiloeT afrikas, axlo aRmosavleTs, indoeTis nawils, centralur da samxreT azias, swored aq iyo protokapitalisturi elementebi. ese igi, maTi azriT, safuZveli aRmosavleTia, xolo Semdeg xdeba `aRmosavleTis dacema~ da dasavleTis ayvaveba. momavalSi mosalodnelia aRmosavleTis xelaxali ayvaveba, Sesabamisad, Tu dRes dominanti dasavleTia, xval aRmosavleTi gaxdeba. Tema VI. Tanamedrove modernizebuli msoflio sazogadoeba globalizaciis gamowvevebis winaSe globalizaciis kvlevisas erT paradoqss vawydebiT: kvlevis dawyebamde geCveneba, rom masze mkafio warmodgena gaqvs, xolo kvlevisas ufro bundovani xdeba misi arsi. gamomdinare iqidan, rom arsebobs uamravi samecniero naSromi, saJurnalo statia da Teoria globalizaciis Sesaxeb, mizanSewonilad miviCnevT, winaswar SemogTavazod sqema, romlis CarCoebSic gavagrZelebT kvlevas. sqema, romelsac warmogidgenT, SemuSavebul iqna 1999-2002 wlebSi wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sdegad. igi ganaxorciela bostonis universitetma da ekonomikuri kulturis Semswavlelma institutma (ISEC). kvlevas xelmZRvanelobdnen piter l. bergeri (sociologi, ISEC-is direqtori) da samuel p. hanTigtoni (politologi, harvardis universitetis profesori). mkvlevarTa jgufebma msoflios aTobiT qveyanaSi Caatares dakvirveba kulturis globalizaciis dinamikaze. Catarebuli samuSaos Sedegad piter l. bergerma gamoyo oTxi mimarTuleba, romlis saSualebiTac vrceldeba globaluri kultura esenia: 1. davosuri kultura, anu saerTaSoriso biznes-kultura; 2. `mak-msoflio~ kultura, anu masobrivi samomxmareblo kultura; 3. inteleqtualTa saerTaSoriso saklubo kultura; 4. axali religiuri moZraobebi. imisaTvis, rom mimarTulebaTa aseTi dayofa mkafio da TvalsaCino gaxdes, maT ufro safuZvlianad ganvixilavT. arsebobs ganviTarebadi, zrdadi globaluri kultura da igi xasiaTiTa da warmomavlobiT amerikulia. Cilelma istorikosma klaudio velizim mas uwoda `angloamerikuli civilizaciis elinisturi stadia~ _ stadia, romelic ar SeiZleba gagebul iqnas, rogorc `imperializmi~. antikuri samyaro berZnulad iqca swored maSin, roca saberZneTs imperiuli SesaZleblobebi ar gaaCnda. dRes, marTalia, aSS udides Zalas flobs, magram, rogorc Tavad amerikelebi miiCneven, aSS ar cdilobs sakuTari kulturis Tavs moxvevas sxva sazogadoebebisaTvis. adrec da axlac ena did rols TamaSobda kulturis gavrcelebaSi. elinizmis periodSi mTavar enas warmoadgeneda `koine~ _ ubralo xalxis salaparako ena; dRes igive rols arsulebs inglisuri, amerikuli inglisuri ena. igi warmoadgens mzardi globaluri kulturis `koines~. mas uaxles momavalSi konkurenti Znelad Tu gamouCndeba. milionobiT adamiani saubrobs inglisur enaze, magram maTi umravlesoba inglisur enas internetSi Ziebisa da ukeTesi samuSaos mosaZebnad swavlobs, da ara originalSi Seqspirisa da folkneris wasakiTxad. ucxo enis gamoyeneba ukvalod ar qreba. enas aqvs kulturuli plastebi, rogorc cnobier, aseve normatiul da emociur donezea. mzrdad globalur kulturas aqvs SesaZlebloba, gavrceldes rogorc elitarul, aseve farTo fenebze. SeasZloa, elitarul doneze kulturis gavrcelebis yvelaze mTvari saSualeba aris is, rasac s.hanTingtonma daosuri kultura uwoda (saxelwodeba 62
momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis saxelidan); am saxelwodebiT ganisazRvreba wamyvani saqmiani da politikuri wreebis saerTaSoriso kultura, romlis ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli Zala, iseve rogorc ekonomikuri da teqnologiuri globalizaciisa, saerTaSoriso biznesia. am kulturis matareblebad moiazrebian ara marto is adamianebi, romlebic xSirad dadian davosSi, aramed isinic, visac surs iyos am sazogadoebs wevri da ar aris, an jer ar aris. msoflioSi arsebobs biznesSi Cabmuli axalgazrdebis sazogadoebaTa mTeli qseli (iapi-internacionali _ abreviatura, romelic modis young urban professional-dan), romlebic kargad saubroben inglisurad, Sesabamisad icvamen da erTobian, aseve, SeiZleba iTqvas, azrovneben inglisurad. maT Soris gamosayofia ori mimarTuleba: am axalgazrdebis nawili sruli kosmopolitia; meore nawili ki cdilobs erTdroulad or samyaroSi icxovros: ar CamorCes globalur saqmian kulturas, magram sakuTari piradi cxovreba orientirebuli aqvs gansxvavebul kulturul faseulobebze. globalur kulturaSi arsebobs kidev erTi elitaruli seqtori, romelic xSirad erTvis saqmian kulturas, xSirad ki upirispirdeba mas. es aris dasavluri inteligenciis globalizacia, romelsac bergerma uwoda inteleqtualTa saklubo kultura (faculty club culture). misi gavrceleba xdeba saxvadasxva gziT: akademiuri struqturebiT, fondebiT, arasamTavrobo organizaciebiT. igi qmnis sakuTar bazars _ es aris ideebi, qcevis normebi, romlebic Seqmilia dasavleli, kerZod, amerikeli inteleqtualebis mier, rogorebic arian adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebi, specialistebi da sxvani. davosur kulturas da inteleqtualTa saklubo kulturas aqvs centri da periferia. gansxvaveba am or kulturas Soris aris is, rom davosuri kulturis centrebi mxolod dasavleTSi ar aris ganlagebuli. iseTi didi biznes-centrebi, rogorebicaa tokio, hong-kongi, singapuri iseTsave imave rols asruleben. xolo inteleqtualTa saklubo kulturis centri mxolod dasavleTSi, kerZod, amerikaSia. ase, rom mTavar globalizatorad, am mimarTulebiT, dRes amerika miiCneva. aRsaniSnavia, rom amerikeli inteleqtualebis mier SemoRebuli cxovrebis janmrTeli wesi da misi ganxorcielebis cda dasavleTSi TavisTavadi movlenaa da pirdapir daniSnulebas emsaxureba. sxva kulturebSi ki mas sxva daniSnuleba aqvs, kerZod, es aris am sazogadoebis mier demokratiulobis xarisxis dadasturebis mcdeloba. amis magaliTia samxreT afrikaSi Tambaqos wevis sawinaaRmdego kanonmdeblobis Seqmna, maSin roca Sidsis virusma samxreT afrikaSi katastroful zRvars miaRwia. sigaretis sawinaaRmdego kanonmdebloba, bergeris azriT, swored inteleqtualTa saklubo kulturisaken swrafviT iyo gamowveuli da ara xalxis janmrTelobaze zrunviT. jeims hanteri saubrobs im kosmopolitebze, romlebic Zalzed advilad moZraoben mTeli msoflios masStabiT da originaluri kulturis gavlenas ar ganicdian. es xalxi gvxvdeba arasamTavrobo organizaciebsa da saerTaSoriso korporaciebSi, evangelistur misiebSi. eseni arian globalizatorebi. rodesac saubaria davosuri kulturisa da inteleqtualTa saklubo kulturis Taviseburebebze, aucileblad mimaCnia yuradReba gavamaxvilo rusi mecnieris, saerTaSoriso gamokvlevaTa centris direqtoris a.i. utkinis mier SemoTavazebuli mosazrebaze. igi miiCnevs, rom globalizaciis procesi or etapad iyofa. pirveli etapi XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnaze unda veZioT, xolo meore etapi _ XX saukunis 70-iani wlebis bolos. maT Soris wyalgamyofia meore msoflio omi da misi momdevno aTwleulebi. XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi globalizaciis meore talRas, utkinis azriT, safuZveli daudo SeTanxmebam, romelic cnobilia `vaSingtonis konsensusis~ saxeliT. 63
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
- Page 91 and 92: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 93 and 94: im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
- Page 95 and 96: gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
- Page 97 and 98: iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
- Page 99 and 100: nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
- Page 101 and 102: unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
- Page 103 and 104: niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyan
- Page 105 and 106: iCens Tavs postindustriuli ganviTar
- Page 107 and 108: meti adamianis danaklisi arcTu mcir
- Page 109 and 110: mosaxleobis Semcireba, pirvel rigSi
- Page 111 and 112: CULTURE AND MODERNIZATION TOPIC 1.
saZiebelia im teritoriaze, romelic moicavs CrdiloeT afrikas, axlo aRmosavleTs,<br />
indoeTis nawils, centralur <strong>da</strong> samxreT azias, swored aq iyo protokapitalisturi<br />
elementebi. ese igi, maTi azriT, safuZveli aRmosavleTia, xolo Semdeg xdeba<br />
`aRmosavleTis <strong>da</strong>cema~ <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleTis ayvaveba. momavalSi mosalodnelia aRmosavleTis<br />
xelaxali ayvaveba, Sesabamisad, Tu dRes dominanti <strong>da</strong>savleTia, xval aRmosavleTi<br />
gaxdeba.<br />
Tema VI. Tanamedrove modernizebuli msoflio sazogadoeba<br />
globalizaciis gamowvevebis winaSe<br />
globalizaciis kvlevisas erT paradoqss vawydebiT: kvlevis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde geCveneba,<br />
rom masze mkafio warmodgena gaqvs, xolo kvlevisas ufro bundovani xdeba misi arsi.<br />
gamomdinare iqi<strong>da</strong>n, rom arsebobs uamravi samecniero naSromi, saJurnalo statia<br />
<strong>da</strong> Teoria globalizaciis Sesaxeb, mizanSewonilad miviCnevT, winaswar SemogTavazod<br />
sqema, romlis CarCoebSic gavagrZelebT kvlevas.<br />
sqema, romelsac warmogidgenT, SemuSavebul iqna 1999-2002 wlebSi wlebSi<br />
Catarebuli kvlevis Sdegad. igi ganaxorciela bostonis universitetma <strong>da</strong><br />
ekonomikuri kulturis Semswavlelma institutma (ISEC). kvlevas xelmZRvanelobdnen<br />
piter l. bergeri (sociologi, ISEC-is direqtori) <strong>da</strong> samuel p. hanTigtoni<br />
(politologi, harvardis universitetis profesori). mkvlevarTa jgufebma msoflios<br />
aTobiT qveyanaSi Caatares <strong>da</strong>kvirveba kulturis globalizaciis dinamikaze.<br />
Catarebuli samuSaos Sedegad piter l. bergerma gamoyo oTxi mimarTuleba, romlis<br />
saSualebiTac vrceldeba globaluri <strong>kultura</strong> esenia:<br />
1. <strong>da</strong>vosuri <strong>kultura</strong>, anu saerTaSoriso biznes-<strong>kultura</strong>;<br />
2. `mak-msoflio~ <strong>kultura</strong>, anu masobrivi samomxmareblo <strong>kultura</strong>;<br />
3. inteleqtualTa saerTaSoriso saklubo <strong>kultura</strong>;<br />
4. axali religiuri moZraobebi.<br />
imisaTvis, rom mimarTulebaTa aseTi <strong>da</strong>yofa mkafio <strong>da</strong> TvalsaCino gaxdes, maT<br />
ufro safuZvlianad ganvixilavT.<br />
arsebobs ganviTarebadi, zr<strong>da</strong>di globaluri <strong>kultura</strong> <strong>da</strong> igi xasiaTiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
warmomavlobiT amerikulia. Cilelma istorikosma klaudio velizim mas uwo<strong>da</strong> `angloamerikuli<br />
civilizaciis elinisturi stadia~ _ stadia, romelic ar SeiZleba gagebul<br />
iqnas, rogorc `imperializmi~. antikuri samyaro berZnulad iqca swored maSin, roca<br />
saberZneTs imperiuli SesaZleblobebi ar gaaCn<strong>da</strong>. dRes, marTalia, aSS udides Zalas<br />
flobs, magram, rogorc Tavad amerikelebi miiCneven, aSS ar cdilobs sakuTari<br />
kulturis Tavs moxvevas sxva sazogadoebebisaTvis. adrec <strong>da</strong> axlac ena did rols<br />
TamaSob<strong>da</strong> kulturis gavrcelebaSi. elinizmis periodSi mTavar enas warmoadgene<strong>da</strong><br />
`koine~ _ ubralo xalxis salaparako ena; dRes igive rols arsulebs inglisuri,<br />
amerikuli inglisuri ena. igi warmoadgens mzardi globaluri kulturis `koines~. mas<br />
uaxles momavalSi konkurenti Znelad Tu gamouCndeba. milionobiT a<strong>da</strong>miani saubrobs<br />
inglisur enaze, magram maTi umravlesoba inglisur enas internetSi Ziebisa <strong>da</strong> ukeTesi<br />
samuSaos mosaZebnad swavlobs, <strong>da</strong> ara originalSi Seqspirisa <strong>da</strong> folkneris wasakiTxad.<br />
ucxo enis gamoyeneba ukvalod ar qreba. enas aqvs kulturuli plastebi, rogorc<br />
cnobier, aseve normatiul <strong>da</strong> emociur donezea.<br />
mzr<strong>da</strong>d globalur <strong>kultura</strong>s aqvs SesaZlebloba, gavrceldes rogorc elitarul,<br />
aseve farTo fenebze. SeasZloa, elitarul doneze kulturis gavrcelebis yvelaze<br />
mTvari saSualeba aris is, rasac s.hanTingtonma <strong>da</strong>osuri <strong>kultura</strong> uwo<strong>da</strong> (saxelwodeba<br />
62
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