kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
xarisxis gazrdisaTvis, anu evrokavSiri warmoadgens modernizaciis Sedegs, radgan modernizacia gulisxmobs sazogadoebis ganviTarebas demokratiuli niSnebiT. saqarTvelos ganviTarebis gezi am mimarTulebiT aqvs aRebuli da cdilobs globalizaciis gamowvevas pasuxi evrokavSirSi integraciiT gasces. SesaZlebelia iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos magaliTze sazogadoebis modernizacia emTxveva globalizaciis process. imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelom moaxerxos dasavlur sazogadoebaSi integracia, aucilebelia sazogadoebis modernizeba da demokratizacia. geopolitikuri mdebareoba iZleva saqarTvelos globalur procesebSi CarTvis saSualebas; arsebobs ekonomikuri da politikuri proeqtebi, romelSic mas Tavisi funqcia aqvs. aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos mouwevs globalur kulturasTan Sexeba, radgan Tanamedrove etapze politikis, ekonomikisa da kulturis urTierTganpirobebulobis xarisxi sakmaod gaizarda. modernizaciisa da demokratizaciis procesi aradasavlur tradiciul qveynebSi pirvelive dartymas kulturas ayenebs; maTTvis demokratizaciis procesi kulturis transformaciasa da SecvlasTan aris pirdapir kavSirSi. amis gamo umravlesi aradasavluri qveynis reaqcia sakmaod mZafria; rodesac saubars iwyeben demokratiaze, adamianis Tavisuflebasa da uflebebze, maT miRebaze sakuTar sazogadoebaSi, amosavali wertili kulturaa. amdenad, mimaCnia, rom Cems mier wamoWrili problemis kvleva interesmoklebuli ar unda iyos, radgan Tanamedrove etapze kulturis roli sakmaod izrdeba. iuneskos programis _ `msoflio kulturuli proeqti~ _ direqtoris d.p.Saferis statiaSi `axali msoflio sistemisaken kulturuli perspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT~ naTqvamia, rom msoflio miiwevs ekonomikuri saukunidan kulturuli saukunisaken. naTeli gaxda, rom ganviTarebis problemaTa gadawyveta SeuZlebelia kulturis faqtoris gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. sxvagvarad msoflios mowyobis nebismieri proeqti ganwirulia warumateblobisaTvis. d.Saferis azriT, axali msoflio sistemis agebis safuZvelia kulturuli Teoriuli tradiciis gaTvaliswineba, kulturisadmi holisturi midgoma, istoriis kulturuli interpretaciis gaazreba, yvelaze mdgradi kulturuli faseulobebis ganmtkiceba. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom msoflio Sevida ganviTarebis im stadiaSi, romelsac bevri mkvlevari gansazRvravs rogorc kulturaTa da civilizaciaTa Sejaxebas. rogorc vxedavT, da rasac qvemoT warmodgenili kvleva ufro TvalnaTels gaxdis, Tanamedrove globalizaciis epoqaSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba kulturas. mosazrebebi da Teoriebi kulturis globalizaciis Sesaxeb iseTive swarfi tempiT icvleba da viTardeba, rogorc Tavad procesi. imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelom, rogorc erT-ereTma mcire kulturam, moaxeros Tanamedrove procesebisaTvis fexis awyoba da ar CamorCes mas, aucileblad mimaCnia procesis gaanalizebis, axali Teoriebisdmi yuradRebis mudmivi miqceva. sakiTxisadmi midgomis amosavali wertili aris is, rom yvela medals ori mxare gaaCnia. Cveni azriT, ar SeiZleba globalizaciis procesis calsaxad dadebiTad an uaryofiTad Sefaseba. es procesi Seicavs rogorc pozitiur, aseve negatiur Tvisebebsac. erTis mxriv acxadeben, rom globalizacia mimarTulia gaerTgvarovnebisaken da cxovrebis wesis standartizaciisaken, rac TavisTavad gulisxmobs kulturaTa originalobis gaqrobas. meores mxriv, arseboben sazogadoebebi, romelTaTvisac globalizacia warmoadgens ganviTarebisa da msoflioSi sakuTari adgilis damkvidrebis karg saSualebas, ZiriTadad es exebaT mcire kulturebs. amdenad, aucilebelia ganxilul iqnes sxvadsxva sazogadoebis damokidebuleba da reaqcia globalizaciisadmi, radgan igi xels Segviwyobs ukeT 56
gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebisdagavarad mkveTrad gamovyoT saqarTvelosaTvis Tu ra SeiZleba aRmoCndes dadebiTi da ra uaryofiTi, radgan is rac misaRebia erTisaTvis, miuRebelia meoresTvis. sxvaTa gamocdilebis gaanalizeba da Seswavla saSualebas mogvcems CamoyaliboT globalizaciisadmi sakuTari midgoma. es aucilebelia, radgan Cven politikuri da ekonomikuri kursi swored mTavari globalizatoris, Tu SeZleba ase iTqvas, dasavleTisaken gvaqvs aRebuli. es ki niSnavs imas, rom `macivars mohyveba haqslic~, anu politikis, ekonomikisa da kulturis daSoreba SeuZlebelia, ar SeiZleba politikur-ekonomikur kavSirs ar moyves urTierToba kulturis doneze. am mxriv sakiTxs arTulebs is, rom erTis SexedviT erTian dasavleTSi sakmaod didi da rTuli winaaRmdegobebi gaCnda dasavleT evropasa da amerikas Soris, rogorc ikveTeba kulturis doneze maT Sorisac sakmaod didi gansxvaveba yofila, radgan evropis zogierTi qveynisaTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda globalizaciis procesSi amerikidan importirebuli kultura. kvlevis aqtualobas esec amtkicebs, radgan politikis doneze gancxadeba Cveni dasavluri orientaciis Sesaxeb gasagebi da misaRebia, magram meore mxriv, Tuki Cven SevxedavT amas mecnieruli TvaliT, gaurkvevelia ras niSnavs dasavluri orientacia _ kari gavuRoT yvelafers rac modis mTlianad dasavleTidan, anu aSS-dan da evropidan da miviRoT igi, Tu unda ganvasxvavoT amerikuli da evropuli. rogorc vxedavT, problema mcire kulturebisaTvis, maT Soris saqarTvelosaTvis, sakmaod bevr saintereso da aqtualur sakiTxebs moicavs. SevecadoT ganvsazRvroT, Tu ras niSnavs `globalizacia~, saidan iRebs saTaves da ra aris misi warmoSobis safuZveli, ganviTarebis ra kanonzomierebebs eqvemdebareba, saiT miemarTeba, saiT miyavs samyaro? daviwyoT imiT, rom `eri-saxelmwifo aRar iqneba efeqturi Zala: igi Zalian pataraa didi problemisaTvis da Zalian didi _ patara problemebisaTvis~ (artur Sleizingeri; amerikeli istorikosi). es aris formula, romelic kargad miesadageboda ~civi omis~ Semdgom, gardamaval periodSi myof msoflios, radgan aSkara iyo, rom ideologiaTa konfliqtis epoqis dasrulebis Semdeg warmoudgeneli iqneboda erisaxelmwifos qceva (Tu dabruneba) msoflio wesrigis ganmsazRvrelad; magram sruliad gaurkveveli rCeboda is, Tu ras an vis unda daekavebina misi adgili. Tuki davakvirdebiT am periodis samecniero Tu publicistur statiebs, davinaxavT, rom Sesaval sityvebSi aseTi gamoTqmebi figurirebs: `msoflio gagiJda~, `es fantastikuri msoflioa~, `kacobriobam ganviTarebis axal fazaSi Seabija~. swavlulebi TiTqos, SeSinebulni, ufro ki gaocebulni arian. SemoTavazebul iqna uamravi da sxvadasxvagvari Teoria momavali msoflio wesrigis Sesaxeb: istoriis dasasruli, civilizaciaTa Sejaxeba, marqsizmis aRorZineba. erTerTma maTganma msoflioSi mimdinare process globalizacia uwoda. es moxda 1983 wels. amerikelma mecnierma t.levitma am terminiT calkeul produqtTa bazrebis gaerTianeba daaxasiaTa. manamde arsebobda mondializmis anu globalizmis cneba, romelic 70-iani wlebidan postindustriuli civilizaciis mTels planetaze gavrcelebas axasiaTebda. amis Semdeg terminma ufro Rrma Sinaarsi SeiZina da iqca cnebad, romelic msoflioSi arsebul process gamoxatavs. Tavad procesis gansazRvreba imdenivea, ramdeni moazrovnec Seexo mas. Cvenc, Cvenis mxriv, ar CamovrCebiT moazrovneTa did laSqars da vecdebiT misi Sinaarsis gansazRvras samecniero literaturaSi arsebul definiciebze dayrdnobiT. Tavad cneba `globalizacia~ modis sityvidan global, rac frangulad sayovelTaos, mTlians, saerTos niSnavs, aqedan, cnebac, advili misaxvedria, `gasayovelTaoebas~ aRniSnavs. 57
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradicia tradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
- Page 91 and 92: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 93 and 94: im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
- Page 95 and 96: gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
- Page 97 and 98: iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
- Page 99 and 100: nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
- Page 101 and 102: unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
- Page 103 and 104: niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyan
- Page 105 and 106: iCens Tavs postindustriuli ganviTar
gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gavarad mkveTrad gamovyoT saqarTvelosaTvis<br />
Tu ra SeiZleba aRmoCndes <strong>da</strong>debiTi <strong>da</strong> ra uaryofiTi, radgan is rac<br />
misaRebia erTisaTvis, miuRebelia meoresTvis. sxvaTa gamocdilebis gaanalizeba <strong>da</strong><br />
Seswavla saSualebas mogvcems CamoyaliboT globalizaciisadmi sakuTari midgoma. es<br />
aucilebelia, radgan Cven politikuri <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri kursi swored mTavari<br />
globalizatoris, Tu SeZleba ase iTqvas, <strong>da</strong>savleTisaken gvaqvs aRebuli. es ki niSnavs<br />
imas, rom `macivars mohyveba haqslic~, anu politikis, ekonomikisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis<br />
<strong>da</strong>Soreba SeuZlebelia, ar SeiZleba politikur-ekonomikur kavSirs ar moyves<br />
urTierToba kulturis doneze. am mxriv sakiTxs arTulebs is, rom erTis SexedviT<br />
erTian <strong>da</strong>savleTSi sakmaod didi <strong>da</strong> rTuli winaaRmdegobebi gaCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleT evropasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> amerikas Soris, rogorc ikveTeba kulturis doneze maT Sorisac sakmaod didi<br />
gansxvaveba yofila, radgan evropis zogierTi qveynisaTvis miuRebeli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
globalizaciis procesSi ameriki<strong>da</strong>n importirebuli <strong>kultura</strong>. kvlevis aqtualobas<br />
esec amtkicebs, radgan politikis doneze gancxadeba Cveni <strong>da</strong>savluri orientaciis<br />
Sesaxeb gasagebi <strong>da</strong> misaRebia, magram meore mxriv, Tuki Cven Sevxe<strong>da</strong>vT amas mecnieruli<br />
TvaliT, gaurkvevelia ras niSnavs <strong>da</strong>savluri orientacia _ kari gavuRoT yvelafers<br />
rac modis mTlianad <strong>da</strong>savleTi<strong>da</strong>n, anu aSS-<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> evropi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> miviRoT igi, Tu un<strong>da</strong><br />
ganvasxvavoT amerikuli <strong>da</strong> evropuli.<br />
rogorc vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, problema mcire kulturebisaTvis, maT Soris saqarTvelosaTvis,<br />
sakmaod bevr saintereso <strong>da</strong> aqtualur sakiTxebs moicavs. SevecadoT ganvsazRvroT,<br />
Tu ras niSnavs `globalizacia~, sai<strong>da</strong>n iRebs saTaves <strong>da</strong> ra aris misi warmoSobis<br />
safuZveli, ganviTarebis ra kanonzomierebebs eqvemdebareba, saiT miemarTeba, saiT<br />
miyavs samyaro?<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyoT imiT, rom `eri-saxelmwifo aRar iqneba efeqturi Zala: igi Zalian pataraa<br />
didi problemisaTvis <strong>da</strong> Zalian didi _ patara problemebisaTvis~ (artur<br />
Sleizingeri; amerikeli istorikosi). es aris <strong>for</strong>mula, romelic kargad miesa<strong>da</strong>gebo<strong>da</strong><br />
~civi omis~ Semdgom, gar<strong>da</strong>maval periodSi myof msoflios, radgan aSkara iyo, rom<br />
ideologiaTa konfliqtis epoqis <strong>da</strong>srulebis Semdeg warmoudgeneli iqnebo<strong>da</strong> erisaxelmwifos<br />
qceva (Tu <strong>da</strong>bruneba) msoflio wesrigis ganmsazRvrelad; magram sruliad<br />
gaurkveveli rCebo<strong>da</strong> is, Tu ras an vis un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ekavebina misi adgili. Tuki<br />
<strong>da</strong>vakvirdebiT am periodis samecniero Tu publicistur statiebs, <strong>da</strong>vinaxavT, rom<br />
Sesaval sityvebSi aseTi gamoTqmebi figurirebs: `msoflio gagiJ<strong>da</strong>~, `es fantastikuri<br />
msoflioa~, `kacobriobam ganviTarebis axal fazaSi Seabija~. swavlulebi TiTqos,<br />
SeSinebulni, ufro ki gaocebulni arian.<br />
SemoTavazebul iqna uamravi <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari Teoria momavali msoflio wesrigis<br />
Sesaxeb: istoriis <strong>da</strong>sasruli, civilizaciaTa Sejaxeba, marqsizmis aRorZineba. erTerTma<br />
maTganma msoflioSi mimdinare process globalizacia uwo<strong>da</strong>. es mox<strong>da</strong> 1983<br />
wels. amerikelma mecnierma t.levitma am terminiT calkeul produqtTa bazrebis<br />
gaerTianeba <strong>da</strong>axasiaTa. manamde arsebob<strong>da</strong> mondializmis anu globalizmis cneba,<br />
romelic 70-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n postindustriuli civilizaciis mTels planetaze<br />
gavrcelebas axasiaTeb<strong>da</strong>. amis Semdeg terminma ufro Rrma Sinaarsi SeiZina <strong>da</strong> iqca<br />
cnebad, romelic msoflioSi arsebul process gamoxatavs. Tavad procesis<br />
gansazRvreba imdenivea, ramdeni moazrovnec Seexo mas.<br />
Cvenc, Cvenis mxriv, ar CamovrCebiT moazrovneTa did laSqars <strong>da</strong> vecdebiT misi<br />
Sinaarsis gansazRvras samecniero literaturaSi arsebul definiciebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT.<br />
Tavad cneba `globalizacia~ modis sityvi<strong>da</strong>n global, rac frangulad<br />
sayovelTaos, mTlians, saerTos niSnavs, aqe<strong>da</strong>n, cnebac, advili misaxvedria,<br />
`gasayovelTaoebas~ aRniSnavs.<br />
57
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