kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
universaluri civilizacia: wyaroebi universaluri civilizaciis cneba dasavluri civilizaciis kuTvnilebaa. XIX saukunis idea `TeTri kacis sazrunavis~ Taobaze amarTlebda aradasavlur sazogadoebebze dasavleTis politikur da ekonomikur batonobas. XX saukunis miwuruls ki universaluri civilizacia gamarTlebas uZebnis sxva sazogadoebebze dasavleTis kulturul gavlenasa da maT mier dasavluri wes-Cveulebebisa da institutebis upirobod aTvisebis aucileblobas. universalizmi dasavleTis iaraRia aradasavlur kulturebTan dapirispirebisaTvis. rogorc xSirad xdeba xolme marginaluri da rwmenaSecvlili adamianebis SemTxvevaSi, erTiani civilizaciis ideis yvelaze didi damcvelebi dasavleTSi ganaTlebamiRebuli xalxia, rogoricaa naipoli da fuad ajami, romelTaTvisac es cneba savsebiT damakmayofilebeli pasuxia mTavar kiTxvaze: `vin var me?~ `TeTri kacis negri~ — ase uwoda erTma arabma moazrovnem aseT migrantebs. universaluri civilizaciis idea naklebad imsaxurebs mowonebas sxva civilizaciebSi. aradasavleli dasavlurs xedavs imaSi, rasac dasavleli universalurad miiCnevs. rasac dasavlelebi nayofier globalur integracias uwodebenen (magaliTad, msoflio mediis gavrceleba), aradasavlelebi gmoben, rogorc saZulvel dasavlur imperializms. dasavlelebi msolios mTlianobaSi aRiqvamen, sxvebi ki am mTlianobaSi safrTxes xedaven. universaluri civilizaciis Camoyalibebis varaudi emyareba erT-erTs sami mosazrebidan imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom SeiZleba es moxdes: pirveli ukavSirdeba I TavSi ganxilul mosazrebas, rom sabWoTa komunizmis kraxi moaswavebda istoriis dasasruls da mTel msoflioSi liberaluri demokratiis sayovelTao gamarjvebas. es argumenti gamomdinareobs civi omis periodis mcdari warmodgenidan imis Taobaze, rom komunizmis erTaderTi alternativa liberaluri demokratiaa da pirvelis kvdoma meoris gasayovelTaoebas iwvevs. Tumca, ra Tqma unda, avtoritarizmi, nacionalizmi, korporatizmi da sabazro komunizmi (rogorc CineTSia) uamravi formiTaa warmodgenili dRevandel msoflioSi. gansakuTrebiT niSandoblivia is faqti, rom samoqalaqo ideologiis samyaros miRma misi uamravi religiuri alternativa arsebobs. Tanamedrov samyaroSi religia xalxis erT-erTi, SesaZloa erTaderTi mamoZravebeli da makonsolidirebeli Zalaa. namdvili ampartavneba iqneba imis Tqma, rom radgan sabWoTa komunizmi daeca, dasavleTma mTeli msoflio xelSi Caigdo da rom muslimebi, Cinelebi, indoelebi da sxvebi aRfrTovanebiT aitaceben dasavlur liberalizms, rogorc erTaderT arCevans. samyaros civi omis droindeli dayofa warsuls Cabarda. ufro mniSvnelovani — eTnikuri, religiuri da civilizaciuri dayofa jer kidev arsebobs da konfliqtis axal kerebs warmoSobs. meore: gavrcelebulia mosazreba, rom xalxTa gacxovelebuli urTierTqmedeba (ZiriTadad _ vaWroba, investiciebi, turizmi, media, eleqtronuli kavSiris saSualebebi) warmoqmnis saerTo msoflio kulturas. transportisa da komunikaciebis teqnologiurma winsvlam marTlac ufro ioli da iafi gaxada fulis moZraoba, tvirTis gadazidva, adamianebis gadaadgileba, codnis, ideebisa da warmodgenebis gavrceleba. eWvi ar aris, rom arsebobs intensiuri saerTaSoriso moZraoba am sferoebSi, magram eWvs iwvevs am moZraobis Sedegebi: zrdis Tu amcirebs igi konfliqtis SesaZleblobas? warmodgena, TiTqos igi amcirebs omis albaTobas xalxebs Soris, sul mcire, ar mtkicdeba, faqtebi sawinaaRmdegos metyvelebs. saerTaSoriso vaWroba gafarTovda 1960-ian da 1970-ian wlebSi, aseve civi omis dasrulebis Semdeg aTwleulSi. magram 1913 wels saerTaSoriso vaWrobis masStabebs sarekordo maCveneblebi hqonda, xolo ramodenime weliwadSi erebi erTmaneTs umagaliTod uswordebodnen. Tu saerTaSoriso vaWrobas aRniSnul situaciaSi ar SeeZlo omis 52
Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs? faqtebi ar metyvelebs im mosazrebis sasargeblod, rom saerTaSoriso vaWroba mSvidobas uwyobs xels. 1990-iani wlebis Sefaseba kidev ufro metad ayenebs eWvqveS aRniSnul ideas. erT-erTi gamokvlevaSi askvnian, rom `aqtiuri vaWroba SeiZleba sakmaod Zlier gamTiSvel Zalad mogvevlinos saerTaSoriso politikaSi~, da rom `aqtiuri saerTaSoriso savaWro urTierTobebi, TavisTavad, ver moxsnis saerTaSoriso daZabulobas, ver uzrunvelyofs seriozul saerTaSoriso stabilurobas~. meore naSromi amtkicebs, rom ekonomikuri damoukideblobis maRali done `SeiZleba iyos mSvidobis damamyarebeli an omis gamCaRebeli, rac damokidebulia momavali vaWrobis perspeqtivebze.~ ekonomikuri damoukidebloba xels uwyobs mSvidobas mxolod maSin, `rodesac saxelmwifoebi moelian savaWro urTierTobebis maRali donis SenarCunebas uaxloes momavalSi~. Tu saxelmwifoebi ar elian TanamSromlobis (urTierTdamokidebulebebis) perspeqtivas, Sedegad, savaraudod, oms viRebT. vaWrobisa da komunikaciebis uZlureba _ uzrunvelyon mSvidoba da Tanxmoba _ Seesabameba socialur mecnierebaTa sferoSi gamokvlevebis Sedegebs. socialur fsiqologiaSi arsebuli gansxvavebulobis Teoriis mixedviT, xalxi sakuTar Tavs gansazRvravs swored imiT, riTac ganirCeva sxvisgan konkretul konteqstSi: `adamiani ganixilavs Tavs im maxasiaTeblebiT, romlebic ganarCevs erTs meore adamianisagan, gansakuTrebiT, Tavisive Cveul socialur garemoSi... aTobiT sxva profesiis mqone qalTa sazogadoebaSi qali-fsiqologi Tavis Tavs gansazRvravs, rogorc fsiqologi, xolo aTobiT mamakaci-fsiqologis garemocvaSi _ rogorc qali~. adamianebi gansazRvraven TavianT meobas imis meSveobiT, rac ar arian. vinaidan intensiuri kavSiris saSualebebis, vaWrobisa da mogzaurobebis Sedegad civilizaciaTaSorisi urTierTqmedeba gaaTmagebulia, xalxi ufro da ufro did mniSvnelobas aniWebs sakuTar civilizaciur identurobas. ori evropeli — germaneli da frangi, urTierTobisas erTmaneTs ganarCeven, rogorc frangs da germanels. xolo ori evropeli — germaneli da frangi, da ori arabi — saudeli da egvipteli, erTmaneTSi urTierTobisas TaviaT Tavs gansazRvraven evropelebad da arabebad. CrdiloafrikelTa imigracia safrangeTSi frangebs Soris arakeTilganwyobas iwvevs, amave dros, amaRlebs evropel kaTolike polonel emigrantTa mimReobis xarisxs. amerikelebi iaponur investiciebs gacilebiT uaryofiTad xvdebian, vidre msgavsi masStabis kanadur da evropul investiciebs (romlebic masStabiT pirvels aRemateba). swored amasTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavda donald horovici: `nigeriis aRmosavleTSi ibo SeiZleba iyos... ibo overi an ibo onitSa. lagosSi igi, ubralod, iboa. londonSi is nigerielia, niu-iorkSi — afrikeli.~ sociologiis kuTxiT, globalizaciis Teoria msgavs daskvnas gvTavazobs: `swrafad globalizebad msoflioSi, romelic xasiaTdeba istoriulad uprecendento civilizaciuri, sazogadoebrivi Tu sxva saxis urTierTdamokidebulebiT da misi sayovelTao gaazrebiT, SeimCneva civilizaciuri, sazogadoebrivi da eTnikuri TviTSegnebis gamwvaveba.~ religiaTa globaluri aRorZineba~, `siwmindesTan dabruneba~ warmoadgens pasuxs samyaros, rogorc mTlianobis gaazrebaze. Tema V. modernizacia da globalizacia sakiTxis SesawavlisaTvis aucilebelia cneba globalizaciis warmoSobis da samecniero literaturaSi arsebuli definiciebis ganxilva. amis Semdgom unda moxdes globalizaciis, rogorc procesis ganviTarebis gaanalizeba. yuradReba unda mieqces 53
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria kultura
- Page 3 and 4: sarCevi Tema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradicia tradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
- Page 91 and 92: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 93 and 94: im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
- Page 95 and 96: gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
- Page 97 and 98: iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
- Page 99 and 100: nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
- Page 101 and 102: unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs? faqtebi ar metyvelebs im mosazrebis<br />
sasargeblod, rom saerTaSoriso vaWroba mSvidobas uwyobs xels. 1990-iani wlebis<br />
Sefaseba kidev ufro metad ayenebs eWvqveS aRniSnul ideas. erT-erTi gamokvlevaSi<br />
askvnian, rom `aqtiuri vaWroba SeiZleba sakmaod Zlier gamTiSvel Zalad mogvevlinos<br />
saerTaSoriso politikaSi~, <strong>da</strong> rom `aqtiuri saerTaSoriso savaWro urTierTobebi,<br />
TavisTavad, ver moxsnis saerTaSoriso <strong>da</strong>Zabulobas, ver uzrunvelyofs seriozul<br />
saerTaSoriso stabilurobas~. meore naSromi amtkicebs, rom ekonomikuri<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblobis maRali done `SeiZleba iyos mSvidobis <strong>da</strong>mamyarebeli an omis<br />
gamCaRebeli, rac <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia momavali vaWrobis perspeqtivebze.~ ekonomikuri<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukidebloba xels uwyobs mSvidobas mxolod maSin, `rodesac saxelmwifoebi<br />
moelian savaWro urTierTobebis maRali donis SenarCunebas uaxloes momavalSi~. Tu<br />
saxelmwifoebi ar elian TanamSromlobis (urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebebis) perspeqtivas,<br />
Sedegad, savaraudod, oms viRebT.<br />
vaWrobisa <strong>da</strong> komunikaciebis uZlureba _ uzrunvelyon mSvidoba <strong>da</strong> Tanxmoba _<br />
Seesabameba socialur mecnierebaTa sferoSi gamokvlevebis Sedegebs. socialur<br />
fsiqologiaSi arsebuli gansxvavebulobis Teoriis mixedviT, xalxi sakuTar Tavs<br />
gansazRvravs swored imiT, riTac ganirCeva sxvisgan konkretul konteqstSi: `a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
ganixilavs Tavs im maxasiaTeblebiT, romlebic ganarCevs erTs meore a<strong>da</strong>mianisagan,<br />
gansakuTrebiT, Tavisive Cveul socialur garemoSi... aTobiT sxva profesiis mqone<br />
qalTa sazogadoebaSi qali-fsiqologi Tavis Tavs gansazRvravs, rogorc fsiqologi,<br />
xolo aTobiT mamakaci-fsiqologis garemocvaSi _ rogorc qali~. a<strong>da</strong>mianebi<br />
gansazRvraven TavianT meobas imis meSveobiT, rac ar arian. vinai<strong>da</strong>n intensiuri<br />
kavSiris saSualebebis, vaWrobisa <strong>da</strong> mogzaurobebis Sedegad civilizaciaTaSorisi<br />
urTierTqmedeba gaaTmagebulia, xalxi ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro did mniSvnelobas aniWebs<br />
sakuTar civilizaciur identurobas. ori evropeli — germaneli <strong>da</strong> frangi,<br />
urTierTobisas erTmaneTs ganarCeven, rogorc frangs <strong>da</strong> germanels. xolo ori<br />
evropeli — germaneli <strong>da</strong> frangi, <strong>da</strong> ori arabi — saudeli <strong>da</strong> egvipteli, erTmaneTSi<br />
urTierTobisas TaviaT Tavs gansazRvraven evropelebad <strong>da</strong> arabebad.<br />
CrdiloafrikelTa imigracia safrangeTSi frangebs Soris arakeTilganwyobas iwvevs,<br />
amave dros, amaRlebs evropel kaTolike polonel emigrantTa mimReobis xarisxs.<br />
amerikelebi iaponur investiciebs gacilebiT uaryofiTad xvdebian, vidre msgavsi<br />
masStabis kanadur <strong>da</strong> evropul investiciebs (romlebic masStabiT pirvels aRemateba).<br />
swored amasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT aRniSnav<strong>da</strong> donald horovici: `nigeriis aRmosavleTSi<br />
ibo SeiZleba iyos... ibo overi an ibo onitSa. lagosSi igi, ubralod, iboa. londonSi is<br />
nigerielia, niu-iorkSi — afrikeli.~ sociologiis kuTxiT, globalizaciis Teoria<br />
msgavs <strong>da</strong>skvnas gvTavazobs: `swrafad globalizebad msoflioSi, romelic xasiaTdeba<br />
istoriulad uprecendento civilizaciuri, sazogadoebrivi Tu sxva saxis<br />
urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT <strong>da</strong> misi sayovelTao gaazrebiT, SeimCneva civilizaciuri,<br />
sazogadoebrivi <strong>da</strong> eTnikuri TviTSegnebis gamwvaveba.~ religiaTa globaluri<br />
aRorZineba~, `siwmindesTan <strong>da</strong>bruneba~ warmoadgens pasuxs samyaros, rogorc<br />
mTlianobis gaazrebaze.<br />
Tema V. <strong>modernizacia</strong> <strong>da</strong> globalizacia<br />
sakiTxis SesawavlisaTvis aucilebelia cneba globalizaciis warmoSobis <strong>da</strong><br />
samecniero literaturaSi arsebuli definiciebis ganxilva. amis Semdgom un<strong>da</strong> moxdes<br />
globalizaciis, rogorc procesis ganviTarebis gaanalizeba. yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> mieqces<br />
53
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