kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
koloniebis damoukideblobisaTvis brZolisa da misi mopovebis fonze, adgilobrivi enebis xelSewyoba da imperiuli enebis Seviwroeba nacionalisturi elitebisaTvis dasavleli kolonistebisagan sakuTari Tavis gansxvavebisa da sakuTari identurobis gansazRvris erTi-erTi forma iyo. damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, meores mxriv, am sazogadoebaTa elitebs surdaT sakuTari Tavis gancalkeveba sakuTarive sazogadoebebisagan. inglisuris, frangulis Tu sxva dasavluri enis srulyofilad floba swored amis saSualebas iZleoda. amis Sedegia is, rom aradasavlur sazogadoebaTa elitebs dasavlelebTan da erTmaneTTan ufro eiolebaT urTierToba, vidre sakuTar sazogadoebasTan (igive situacia iyo XVII-XVIII saukuneebis evropul qveynebSi, romelTa aristokratebs advilad SeeZloT frangul enaze kontaqtis damyareba erTmaneTTan, xolo sakuTari qveynis salaparako enas ver flobdnen). aradasavlur sazogadoebebSi ori saxis tendencia SeimCvneva. erTi mxriv, inglisuri sul ufro da ufro aqtiurad gamoiyeneba sauniversiteto doneze, raTa gamouSvan momzadebuli kadrebi, romlebic SeZleben savaWro da samomxmareblo (biznesi...) sferoSi saerTaSoriso konkurenciis pirobebSi nayofier moRvaweobas. meore mxriv, socialuri da politikuri zewola iwvevs adgilobrivi enebis Semosvlas sayovelTao xmarebaSi. CrdiloeT afrikaSi arabuli frangul enas enacvleba, pakistanSi urdus ena saxelmwifo da saganmanaTleblo doneze uwevs konkurencias inglisurs, adgilobrivenovani mediis saSualebebi TandaTanobiT enacvleba inglisurenovan mediis saSualebebs indoeTSi. movlenebis aseTi ganviTareba jer kidev 1948 wels iwinaswarmetyvela indoeTis ganaTlebis komisiam, rodesac acxadebda, rom `inglisuris gamoyeneba... xalxs or nawilad yofs: mcirericxovan mmarTvelebad da mravalricxovan marTulebad. mmarTvelebi ar floben umravlesobis enas da, Sesabamisad, ver ugeben mas. ormoci wlis Semdeg inglisuris, rogorc elitis enis mdgradobam gaamarTla winaswarmetyveleba, rom es gamoiwvevda `arabunebrivi situaciis Seqmnas iq arsebuli demokratiis pirobebSi, romelic damyarebulia srulwlovanTa saarCevno uflebebze... inglisurad molaparake indoeTi da politikurad aqtiuri indoeTi sul ufro da ufro Sordeba erTmaneTs~, es ki iwvevs `daZabulobas inglisuris mcodne mmarTvel umciresobasa da danarCen mraval milions Soris, romelic SeiraRebulia saarCevno xmis uflebiT da romelic ar flobs inglisurs. aradasavlur sazogadoebebSi demokratiuli institutebis damkvidrebisa da xelisuflebaSi iqauri xalxis ufro farTod warmodgenis fonze, dasavluri enebis moxmareba iklebs, xolo adgilobrivi enebi sul ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba. sabWoTa imperiisa da civi omis dasasrulma daCagruli Tu daviwyebuli enebis sayovelTao gavrceleba da gamococxleba gamoiwvia. mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebi iqna gatarebuli yofil sabWoTa respublikaTa umravlesobaSi tradiciuli enebis asaRorZineblad. estonuri, latviuri, litvuri, ukrainuli, qarTuli da somxuri amJamad damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa nacionalur (saxelmwifo) enebs warmoadgenen. msgavsi enobrivi gamococxleba moxda muslimur respublikebSi: azerbaijanma, yirgizeTma, TurqmeneTma da uzbekeTma yofili rusi mCagvrelis `kirilicas~ Srifti TavianTi Turqi naTesavebis dasavluri SriftiT Secvales, sparsulenovanma tajikeTma ki arabuli anbani SemoiRo. meores mxriv, serbebi amjerad TavianT enas ufro serbuls uwodeben xolme, vidre serbul-xorvatuls da TavianTi kaTolike mtrebis dasavluri anbani rusi naTesavebis anbaniT Secvales. maT msgavsad, xorvatebic amJamad TavianT enas xorvatuls uwodeben da cdiloben gawmindon igi Turquli da sxva ucxoenovani sityvebisagan. am dros ki `Turqulidan da arabulidan nasesxebi sityvebi _ balkaneTze TurqeTis imperiis 450 wliani arsebobis enobrivi danaleqi _ kvlav popularobas iZens~ bosniaSi. ena gadaewyoba da gadasxvaferdeba 50
imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas identurobis sakiTxi, civilizaciuri Seferiloba. didi Zalebis ngrevis niadagze Rrmavdeba babilonizaciis procesi. religia. universaluri religiis Camoyalibebis albaTobis procenti didad ar aRemateba universaluri enis Camoyalibebis Sansebs. meoce saukunis dasasruli aRiniSna mTels msoflioSi religiaTa sayovelTao aRorZinebiT. igi moicavda religiuri TviTSegnebis gaZlierebas da fundamentalisturi moZraobebis gaaqtiurebas, ramac, Sesabamisad, gaaZliera religiaTa Soris gansxvavebani. es maicndamainc ar gulisxmobda msoflios mosaxleobis religiuri kuTvnilebis mkveTr cvlas. konfesiur mikuTvnebulobasTan dakavSirebuli monacemebi kidev ufro fragmentuli da arasandoa, vidre enebisa. 3.3 cxrilSi mocemuli maCveneblebi sayovelTaod cnobilia. es da sxva monacemebi imaze metyvelebs, rom am saukuneSi sxvadasxva religiis mimdevarTa xvedriTi wili mkveTrad ar Secvlila. yvelaze ufro masStaburi iyo `arareligiurTa~ an `aTeistTa~ saxelis qveS klasificirebuli 0.2 procentis (1900 w.) gazrda 20.9 procentamde 1980 wlisaTvis. savaraudod, es maCvenebeli asaxavda mkveTr cvlilebas religiis sazianod; 1980 wels religiuri gamoRviZeba mxolod iwyebda Zalebis mokrebas. Tumca aramorwmuneTa 20.7 procentamde mateba zustad emTxveva `Cinuri xalxuri rwmena-warmodgenebis (tradiciuli religiebis)~ klebas: 1900 w. igi 23.5 procents Seadgenda, xolo 1980 wels am maCvenebelma 4.5 procentamde daiwia. am maCvenebelTa Tanabari zrda da kleba imaze miuTiTebs, rom komunizmis mosvlasTan erTad Cinuri xalxuri religiis mimdevari uzarmazari masa aTeistebad iqca. cxrili uCvenebs gasuli 80 wlis ganmavlobaSi ori didi prozelituri religiis, qristianobisa da islamis proporciebis zrdas msoflio mosaxleobaSi. 1900 wels dasavleT qristianebi msoflio mosaxleobis 26.9 procents Seadgendnen, xolo 1980 wels _ 30 procents. mulismTa wilma kidev ufro sagrZnoblad moimata: 1900 wlisaTvis _ 12.4 procenti, 1980 wlisaTvis _ 16.5 procenti, xolo sxvaTa gamoTvliT, 1980 wlisaTvis 18 procentsac ki gautolda. meoce saukunis bolo aTwleulSi mniSvnelovnad gazarda islamisa da qristianobis mimdevarTa ricxvi afrikaSi, qristianobas gansakuTrebuli warmatebebi hqonda samxreT koreaSi. swrafad modernizirebad sazogadoebebSi, Tu tradiciul rwmenas ar ZaluZs adaptireba modernizaciis moTxovnebTan, izrdeba qristianobis an islamis gavrcelebis albaToba. aseT sazogadoebebSi neoklasikosi ekonomistebi, demokratiis jvarosnebi an transnacionaluri korporaciebis xelmZRvanelebi dasavluri kulturis mTavar gmirebad ki ara, aramed misionerebad arian warmodgenili. qalaqSi dasaxlebulebisa da saSualo ganaTlebamiRebulTa pirveli Taobis fsiqologiur, emociur, moralur Tu socialur moTxovnilebebs verc adam smiti daakamyofilebs da verc Tomas jefersoni; ieso qristes amis ukeTesi Sansi aqvs, Tumca igi maT, SeiZleba, saerTod ar SexvdeT. sabolood, gamarjvebuli mainc muhamedi rCeba. qristianoba vrceldeba, ZiriTadad, am sarwmunoebaze moqceviT, islami _ moqceviTa da gamravlebiT. qristianobam Tavis piks 1980-ian wlebSi miaRwia (30 procenti), erT adgilze gaCerda, axla ki ukve klebulobs, xolo 2025 wlisaTvis, albaT, 25 procents miuaxlovdeba. gamravlebis maRali procentis gamo, msoflioSi muslimTa xvedriTi wili momavalSi kidev ufro gaizrdeba, saukuneTa gasayarze 20 procentamdec ki ava, ramdenime wlis Semdeg qristianTa raodenobas gadaaWarbebs, xolo 2025 wlisaTvis 30 procentsac gautoldeba. 51
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria kultura
- Page 3 and 4: sarCevi Tema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradicia tradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
- Page 91 and 92: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 93 and 94: im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
- Page 95 and 96: gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
- Page 97 and 98: iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
- Page 99 and 100: nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
koloniebis <strong>da</strong>moukideblobisaTvis brZolisa <strong>da</strong> misi mopovebis fonze,<br />
adgilobrivi enebis xelSewyoba <strong>da</strong> imperiuli enebis Seviwroeba nacionalisturi<br />
elitebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>savleli kolonistebisagan sakuTari Tavis gansxvavebisa <strong>da</strong> sakuTari<br />
identurobis gansazRvris erTi-erTi <strong>for</strong>ma iyo. <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg,<br />
meores mxriv, am sazogadoebaTa elitebs sur<strong>da</strong>T sakuTari Tavis gancalkeveba<br />
sakuTarive sazogadoebebisagan. inglisuris, frangulis Tu sxva <strong>da</strong>savluri enis<br />
srulyofilad floba swored amis saSualebas iZleo<strong>da</strong>. amis Sedegia is, rom<br />
ara<strong>da</strong>savlur sazogadoebaTa elitebs <strong>da</strong>savlelebTan <strong>da</strong> erTmaneTTan ufro eiolebaT<br />
urTierToba, vidre sakuTar sazogadoebasTan (igive situacia iyo XVII-XVIII saukuneebis<br />
evropul qveynebSi, romelTa aristokratebs advilad SeeZloT frangul enaze<br />
kontaqtis <strong>da</strong>myareba erTmaneTTan, xolo sakuTari qveynis salaparako enas ver<br />
flobdnen). ara<strong>da</strong>savlur sazogadoebebSi ori saxis tendencia SeimCvneva. erTi mxriv,<br />
inglisuri sul ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro aqtiurad gamoiyeneba sauniversiteto doneze, raTa<br />
gamouSvan momzadebuli kadrebi, romlebic SeZleben savaWro <strong>da</strong> samomxmareblo<br />
(biznesi...) sferoSi saerTaSoriso konkurenciis pirobebSi nayofier moRvaweobas.<br />
meore mxriv, socialuri <strong>da</strong> politikuri zewola iwvevs adgilobrivi enebis Semosvlas<br />
sayovelTao xmarebaSi. CrdiloeT afrikaSi arabuli frangul enas enacvleba,<br />
pakistanSi urdus ena saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> saganmanaTleblo doneze uwevs konkurencias<br />
inglisurs, adgilobrivenovani mediis saSualebebi Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT enacvleba<br />
inglisurenovan mediis saSualebebs indoeTSi. movlenebis aseTi ganviTareba jer kidev<br />
1948 wels iwinaswarmetyvela indoeTis ganaTlebis komisiam, rodesac acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
`inglisuris gamoyeneba... xalxs or nawilad yofs: mcirericxovan mmarTvelebad <strong>da</strong><br />
mravalricxovan marTulebad. mmarTvelebi ar floben umravlesobis enas <strong>da</strong>,<br />
Sesabamisad, ver ugeben mas. ormoci wlis Semdeg inglisuris, rogorc elitis enis<br />
mdgradobam gaamarTla winaswarmetyveleba, rom es gamoiwvev<strong>da</strong> `arabunebrivi<br />
situaciis Seqmnas iq arsebuli demokratiis pirobebSi, romelic <strong>da</strong>myarebulia<br />
srulwlovanTa saarCevno uflebebze... inglisurad molaparake indoeTi <strong>da</strong><br />
politikurad aqtiuri indoeTi sul ufro <strong>da</strong> ufro Sordeba erTmaneTs~, es ki iwvevs<br />
`<strong>da</strong>Zabulobas inglisuris mcodne mmarTvel umciresobasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>narCen mraval milions<br />
Soris, romelic SeiraRebulia saarCevno xmis uflebiT <strong>da</strong> romelic ar flobs<br />
inglisurs. ara<strong>da</strong>savlur sazogadoebebSi demokratiuli institutebis <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> xelisuflebaSi iqauri xalxis ufro farTod warmodgenis fonze, <strong>da</strong>savluri enebis<br />
moxmareba iklebs, xolo adgilobrivi enebi sul ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba.<br />
sabWoTa imperiisa <strong>da</strong> civi omis <strong>da</strong>sasrulma <strong>da</strong>Cagruli Tu <strong>da</strong>viwyebuli enebis<br />
sayovelTao gavrceleba <strong>da</strong> gamococxleba gamoiwvia. mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebi iqna<br />
gatarebuli yofil sabWoTa respublikaTa umravlesobaSi tradiciuli enebis<br />
asaRorZineblad. estonuri, latviuri, litvuri, ukrainuli, qarTuli <strong>da</strong> somxuri<br />
amJamad <strong>da</strong>moukidebel saxelmwifoTa nacionalur (saxelmwifo) enebs warmoadgenen.<br />
msgavsi enobrivi gamococxleba mox<strong>da</strong> muslimur respublikebSi: azerbaijanma,<br />
yirgizeTma, TurqmeneTma <strong>da</strong> uzbekeTma yofili rusi mCagvrelis `kirilicas~ Srifti<br />
TavianTi Turqi naTesavebis <strong>da</strong>savluri SriftiT Secvales, sparsulenovanma<br />
tajikeTma ki arabuli anbani SemoiRo. meores mxriv, serbebi amjerad TavianT enas<br />
ufro serbuls uwodeben xolme, vidre serbul-xorvatuls <strong>da</strong> TavianTi kaTolike<br />
mtrebis <strong>da</strong>savluri anbani rusi naTesavebis anbaniT Secvales. maT msgavsad,<br />
xorvatebic amJamad TavianT enas xorvatuls uwodeben <strong>da</strong> cdiloben gawmindon igi<br />
Turquli <strong>da</strong> sxva ucxoenovani sityvebisagan. am dros ki `Turquli<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> arabuli<strong>da</strong>n<br />
nasesxebi sityvebi _ balkaneTze TurqeTis imperiis 450 wliani arsebobis enobrivi<br />
<strong>da</strong>naleqi _ kvlav popularobas iZens~ bosniaSi. ena ga<strong>da</strong>ewyoba <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>sxvaferdeba<br />
50
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