kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
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maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, farTo azriT, kulturis cneba `xazs usvams a<strong>da</strong>mianis gansxvavebas yvela<br />
sxva biologiuri arsebisagan. <strong>kultura</strong>Si igulisxmeba ara calkeuli SemoqmedebiTi<br />
aqti, aramed Semoqmedeba rogorc a<strong>da</strong>mianis universaluri <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba samyarosadmi,<br />
romlis meSveobiT igi qmnis `axal samyaros~ <strong>da</strong> sakuTar Tavs~ 1 . <strong>kultura</strong><br />
aris yovelive is, rac socialuri memkvidreobis Sedegia <strong>da</strong> rac uzrunvelyofs<br />
socialuri gamocdilebis memkvidreobiTobas.<br />
kulturis meore aspeqti ki gulisxmobs imas, rom a<strong>da</strong>mianis rogorc kulturis<br />
Semoqmedis, matareblisa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mcemis unari sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sazogadoebaSi gansxvavebulad<br />
realizdeba, ama Tu im socialuri jgufis arsebobis specifikuri pirobebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> ganvlili istoriuli procesebis mixedviT. amdenad, Cven SegviZlia visaubroT<br />
kulturebze, romlebic qmnian samyaros unikalur, mxolod maTTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel<br />
models. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>kultura</strong>Si a<strong>da</strong>mianebi gansakuTrebulad aRiqvamen samyaros,<br />
sazogadoebas <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mians maTTan mimarTebaSi. yovel <strong>kultura</strong>s aqvs RirebulebaTa <strong>da</strong><br />
normaTa gansxvavebuli sistema, qcevis wesebi, idealebi <strong>da</strong> yovelive is, razec<br />
e.tailori miuTiTeb<strong>da</strong>. <strong>kultura</strong>, aseT SemTxvevaSi, xdeba identifikaciis safuZveli,<br />
is, riTac a<strong>da</strong>miani gansazRvravs `Tavisiansa~ <strong>da</strong> `ucxos~. `<strong>kultura</strong>, yvelaze farTo<br />
mniSvnelobiT, aris is, ris gamoc Sen ucxod iqcevi, rogorc ki Sens saxls <strong>da</strong>toveb~ 2 .<br />
amdenad, <strong>kultura</strong> aris is ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli, ris safuZvelzec emijnebian<br />
erTmaneTs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi, riTac isini Tavs ganarCeven<br />
sxvebisagan <strong>da</strong> riTac sxvebi ganarCeven maT <strong>da</strong>narCenebisagan.<br />
amgvarad, <strong>kultura</strong> SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc:<br />
1. socialuri qcevis determinanti;<br />
2. subieqturi codnisa <strong>da</strong> interpretaciebis determinanti;<br />
3. TviTidentifikaciis meqanizmi;<br />
4. socialuri cxovrebis regulatori;<br />
5. socialuri gamocdilebis translatori;<br />
6. saa<strong>da</strong>ptacio meqanizmi.<br />
kulturis sinonimad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT termini `sazogadoeba~, radgan<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis moRvaweobis kulturul <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebriv dones kursis farglebSi<br />
TanabarmniSvnelovnad moviazrebT.<br />
civilizaciis cnebis aseve mravalgvar interpretacias Soris sami ZiriTadi<br />
midgoma ikveTeba:<br />
1. lokalur-istoriuli (n.<strong>da</strong>nilevski, o.Spengleri, a.j.toinbi, s.hanTingtoni);<br />
2. istoriul-stadiuri, romelic ama Tu im kriteriumze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT ganarCevs<br />
ramdenime sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis civilizacias;<br />
3. msoflio-istoriuli, romlis farglebSi civilizacia ganixileba rogorc<br />
kacobriobis istoriuli ganviTarebis safexuri.<br />
kursis farglebSi Cven veyrdnobiT civilizaciis lokalur-istoriul<br />
interpretacias, romelic civilizacias ganixilavs rogorc kulturul zesistemas<br />
(p.sorokini), romelic aerTianebs garkveuli maxasiaTeblebiT msgavs kulturebs.<br />
civilizacia _ esaa kulturuli identurobis yvelaze farTo done, romlis<br />
farglebSi arsebuli kulturebi mravalferovania, Tumca erTmaneTisagan maTi<br />
gansxvavebulobis xarisxi ufro naklebia, vidre sxva civilizaciebis Semadgeneli<br />
kulturebi. i.v. iakoveci aRniSnavs, rom `TiToeul civilizacias aqvs sakuTari<br />
centri-birTvi, romelic yvelaze mkafiod gamoxatavs mocemuli civilizaciis<br />
1 iqve, gv.21.<br />
2 Culture Sshock. A Reader in Modern Culture Anthropology. Ed. by Ph.K.Bock. N.Y., 1970. p.74.<br />
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