kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
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inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva (calke) enebad, iseve, rogorc laTinuri<strong>da</strong>n<br />
aRmocendnen romanuli enebi. Tumca italiuri, franguli <strong>da</strong> espanuri enebisagan<br />
gansxvavebiT, es inglisuri<strong>da</strong>n nawarmoebi enebi sazogadoebis mxolod mcire nawilis<br />
mier iqneba gamoyenebuli, an kidev maT gamoiyeneben, umTavresad, calkeuli<br />
lingvisturi jgufebis urTierTobebSi.<br />
swored msgavs procesebs SeiZleba mivadevnoT Tvali indoeTSi. magaliTad,<br />
arazusti cnobebiT, 1983 wels iq, 733 milionian mosaxleobaSi, 18 milioni inglisurad<br />
molaparake a<strong>da</strong>miani cxovrob<strong>da</strong>, xolo 1991 wlisaTvis, 867 milioniani mosaxleobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
20 milioni metyveleb<strong>da</strong> inglisurad. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, indoeTis mosaxleobaSi inglisurad<br />
molaparakeTa wili Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mdgradi iyo (2-4 procentis farglebSi). viwro elituri<br />
wreebis gareT inglisuri ena lingua franka-s funqcias arc asrulebs. `simarTle isaa, rom<br />
rodesac vinme kaSmiri<strong>da</strong>n kaniakumarisken (indoeTis naxevarkunZulis yvelaze<br />
samxreTi wertili) miemgzavreba, kavSiri, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, hindis, <strong>da</strong> ara inglisuri enis<br />
meSveobiT xorcieldeba~, — acxadebs niu delis universitetis inglisuri enis ori<br />
profesori. metic, induri inglisuri TavisTavad iZens araerT gamorCeul<br />
maxasiaTebels: igi induizebul iqna, ufro zustad ki man, sivrcis cvlilebis<br />
kvalobaze, lokaluri Tvisebebi SeiZina. inglisuri erwymis indur <strong>kultura</strong>s iseve,<br />
rogorc es warsulSi mox<strong>da</strong> sanskritTan <strong>da</strong> sparsul enasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />
istorii<strong>da</strong>n cnobilia, rom enis ga<strong>da</strong>nawileba asaxav<strong>da</strong> Zalebis ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebas<br />
msoflioSi. yvelaze farTod gamoyenebadi enebi _ inglisuri, man<strong>da</strong>rini, espanuri,<br />
franguli, arabuli, rusuli — arian an iyvnen imperiul saxelmwifoTa enebi, romlebic<br />
mondomebiT cdilobdnen imas, rom am enaze sxva xalxebic ametyvelebuliyvnen.<br />
cvlilebebi ZalTa TanafardobaSi gavlenas axdens enebis gamoyenebaze. `britaneTis <strong>da</strong><br />
amerikis koloniurma, savaWro, industriulma, samecniero <strong>da</strong> finansurma Zalauflebam<br />
sagrZnobi <strong>da</strong>Ri <strong>da</strong>amCnia umaRles saganmanaTleblo sistemas, saxelisuflo<br />
mmarTvelobas, vaWrobasa <strong>da</strong> teqnologias msoflios sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kuTxeSi~. britaneTi <strong>da</strong><br />
safrangeTi moiTxovdnen maTi enebis gamoyenebas koloniebSi. Tumca <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis<br />
mopovebis Semdeg yofil koloniaTa umravlesoba, garkveuli aqtiurobiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva warmatebiT, Seeca<strong>da</strong> imperiuli enis Secvlas adgilobrivi eniT. sabWoTa<br />
kavSiris zenitSi yofnis dros rusuli ena saerTaSoriso enas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> praRi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
moyolebuli hanoimde. ruseTis Zalauflebis <strong>da</strong>mcrobis paralelurad, aRiniSna<br />
rusulis, rogorc meoradi enis gamoyenebis Semcireba. rac Seexeba kulturis sxva<br />
elementebs, mzard zewolas Tan sdevs rogorc mSobliur enaze molaparakeTa<br />
TviT<strong>da</strong>jerebuloba, ise stimuli sxvebisaTvis _ aiTvison igi. berlinis kedlis<br />
<strong>da</strong>ngrevis Semdgom Tabru<strong>da</strong>mxvev periodSi germania moiazrebo<strong>da</strong> axal gigantad,<br />
SeimCneo<strong>da</strong> tendencia, rom inglisurad sufTad molaparake germanels saerTaSoriso<br />
Sexvedrebze germanulad elaparaka. iaponiis ekonomikurma Zlierebam stimuli misca<br />
iaponuris swavlas araiaponelTa mier; CineTis ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong>winaurebac igive<br />
tendenciebs ganapirobebs. Cinuri ena aqtiurad ikavebs inglisuris dominantur<br />
pozicias hong-kongSi. miecaT ra gasaqani CineTis sazRvars gareT mcxovreb Cinelebs<br />
samxreT-aRmosavleT aziaSi, Cinuri ga<strong>da</strong>iqca enad, romelzec iwarmoeba regionis<br />
umravlesi saerTaSoriso biznes-garigebebi. sxva civilizaciebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTis zegavlenis <strong>da</strong>kargvis Tanadroulad, inglisuris <strong>da</strong> sxva <strong>da</strong>savluri enebis<br />
gamoyeneba sxva sazogadoebebSi <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sazogadoebaTa Soris urTierTobebSi<br />
nel-nela Sesustdeba. Tu garkveul etapze, Sorul momavalSi, CineTi Caenacvleba<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTs, rogorc msoflios wamyvan civilizacias, inglisuri <strong>da</strong>Tmobs poziciebs<br />
man<strong>da</strong>rinis, rogorc saerTaSoriso enis pirispir.<br />
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