kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
erToblioba qmnida dasavleTis gansxvavebul saxes. es ideebi, tradiciebi da institutebi ufro mZlavrad iyo warmodgenili dasavleTSi, vidre sxva civilizaciebSi. yovel SemTxvevaSi, isini qmnian mTavar, mudmiv birTvs dasavluri civilizaciisa. swored maTgan gamomdinareobs dasavleTis dasavluroba da ara modernuloba. amavdroulad, isini warmoadgenen faqtorebs, romlebmac dasavleTs saSualeba misca modernizebuliyo da am procesis avangardSi Camdgariyo msoflio masStabiT. universaluri civilizacia: mniSvnelobebi xSirad amtkiceben, rom Tanamedrove samyaro mowmea `universaluri civilizaciis~ Sobisa (es termini v.s.naipols ekuTvnis). ras gulisxmoben am terminSi? naipolis idea zogadad gulisxmobs kacobriobis kulturul gaerTianebas, mTeli msoflios xalxebis mier saerTo faseulobebis, rwmena-warmodgenebis, orientaciebis, tradiciebisa da institutebis gaziarebas. ufro zustad, es SeiZleba gulisxmobdes siRrmiseul, magram umniSvnelo, an mniSvnelovan, magram arasiRrmiseul mxareebs, an sulac _ umniSvnelosa da zedapiruls. pirvel rigSi, aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebs aqvT garkveuli ZiriTadi Rirebulebani _ rogoricaa, magaliTad, mkvlelobis borotebasTan gaigiveba; saerTo sabazo institutebi _ magaliTad, sxvadasxva saxiT warmodgenili ojaxis instituti. sazogadoebaTa umravlesobas erTmaneTis msgavsi `moraluri kodeqsi~ aqvs — elementaruli zneobrivi warmodgena imaze, Tu ra aris kargi da ra aris cudi. Tu `universaluri civilizaciis~ cnebaSi es azria Cadebuli, igi Rrma da mniSvnelovania, magram, amave dros, es arc axalia da arc aqtualuri. is faqti, rom adamianebs aqvT ramdenime saerTo fundamenturi Rirebuleba da instituti mTeli istoriis ganmavlobaSi, SeiZleba gvixsnides adamianis qcevis garkveul konstantebs, magram mas ar ZaluZs Suqi mohfinos an axsnas istoria, romelic savsea adamianis qcevaSi momxdari cvlilebebiT. garda amisa, Tu mTeli kacobriobisaTvis saerTo universaluri civilizacia arsebobs, maSin ra termins viyenebT kacobriobis didi kulturuli dajgufebebis aRsaniSnavad, rasebis garda? kacobrioba iyofa qvejgufebad — tomebad, erebad da ufro farTo kulturul erTobebad, romelTac civilizacia ewodeba. Tu civilizaciis cneba ayvanilia mTeli kacobriobis aRmniSvnel gagebamde, maSin an udidesi kulturuli dajgufebis _ kacobriobis _ aRmniSvneli axali termini unda gamovigonoT, an unda davuSvaT, rom es didi, magram ara kacobriobis masStabis mqone dajgufebebi gaqreba. magaliTad, vaclav haveli, amtkicebda, rom ` Cven axla vcxovrobT erT globalur civilizaciaSi~ da rom igi sxva `araferia, Tu ara Txeli saburveli~, romelic `faravs an malavs kulturaTa, xalxTa, religiaTa samyaroebis udides mravalferovnebas, istoriul tradiciebsa da istoriulad Camoyalibebul Sexedulebebs; yvelaferi es, garkveuli azriT, mis safarqveSaa moqceuli~. `civilizaciis~ terminisaTvis globaluri mniSvnelobis miniWeba, xolo im didi kulturuli erTobebis `kulturis~ an `subcivilizaciis~ saxeliT moxsenieba, romlebic yovelTvis civilizaciebad iwodeboda, mxolod da mxolod terminebis semantikur aRrevas Tu gamoiwvevs. meore, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom `universaluri civilizacia~ SeiZleba gamoiyenebodes im elementebis aRsaniSnavad, romelTa arseboba damaxasiaTebelia civilizebuli sazogadoebebisaTvis, rogoricaa, magaliTad, qalaqebi da ganaTlebuloba — is, rac ganarCevs maTgan pirvelyofil sazogadoebebsa da barbarosebs. es, cxadia, terminis meTvramete saukuniseuli gagebaa, romelic civilizaciis mxolobiT ricxvs gulisxmobs da romlis mixedviT, universaluri 44
civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, anTropologebisa da pirvelyofili sazogadoebebis bediT Sewuxebuli xalxis saubedurod. am gagebiT, civilizacia, kacobriobis istoriis msvlelobis kvalobaze, TandaTanobiT farTovdeboda da misi (mxolobiT ricxvSi) gavrceleba Tavsebadi iyo sxvadasxva civilizaciis (mravlobiT ricxvSi) arsebobasTan. mesame, termini `universaluri civilizacia~ SeiZleba aRniSnavdes warmodgenebs, faseulobebsa da doqtrinebs, romlebic saerToa bevri adamianisaTvis dasavlur civilizaciaSi da zogierTebisaTvis _ sxva civilizaciebSi. amas SeiZleba `davosis kultura~ vuwodoT. yovelwliurad aTasamde bankiri, biznesmeni, saxelmwifo moxele, moazrovne Tu Jurnalisti mTeli rigi qveynebidan ikribeba msoflio ekonomikur forumze davosSi, SveicariaSi. TiTqmis yovel maTgans aqvs universitetis diplomi sabunebismetyvelo da sazogadoebriv mecnierebebSi, biznesSi, samarTalSi, isini ikvleven sityvebsa Tu ricxvebs, Tavisuflad floben inglisur enas, dasaqmebuli arian saxelmwifo organoebSi, korporaciebsa da aqtiur saerTaSoriso cxovrebaSi Cambul samecniero dawesebulebebSi, xSirad mogzauroben sakuTari qveynis sazRvrebs gareT. isini, ZiriTadad, iziareben saerTo warmodgenebs indvidualizmze, sabazro ekonomikasa da politikur demokratiaze, rac damaxasiaTebelia dasavluri civilizaciis sazogadoebisaTvis. `davosis xalxi~ akontrolebs, faqtobrivad, yvela saerTaSoriso dawesebulebas, mravali qveynis mTavrobas da msoflios ekonomikuri da samxedro potencialis met wils. aqedan gamomdinare, `davosis kultura~ uaRresad mniSvnelovania. meore mxriv, ramdeni adamiani iziarebs am kulturas msoflio masStabiT? dasavleTs gareT, albaT, 50 mln-ze naklebi, anu msoflios mosaxleobis 1 procenti. igi sakmaod Sors aris imisgan, rom universaluri kultura iyos, da liderebs, romlebic ekuTvnian `davosis kulturas~, yovelTvis rodi aqvT myari dasayrdeni sakuTar sazogadoebebSi. rogorc hedli buli aRniSnavda, `es saerTo inteleqtualuri kultura mxolod elituri movlenaa: bevr sazogadoebaSi misi fesvebi friad myifea... saeWvoa, rom igi Seezrdeba imas, rasac saerTo zneobriv principebs, saerTo faseulobebs uwodeben da rac esoden gansxvavebulia saerTo inteleqtualuri kulturisagan.~ meoTxe, miRebuli azria, rom dasavlur warmodgenaTa sistemebisa da popularuli kulturis sayovelTao gavrceleba mTels msoflioSi universalur civilizacias qmnis. es mosazreba arc Rrmaa da arc mniSvnelovani. kulturuli siaxleebi civilizaciidan civilizacias gadaecemoda mTeli istoriis manZilze. erTi civilizaciis wiaRSi gaCenil inovacias, rogorc wesi, meore civilizacia iTvisebs. Tumca aq laparakia teqnikur siaxleebze, romlebsac ar mohyveba didi kulturuli gardatexebi an siaxleebi; isini warmavalia, da ar cvlian mimRebi civilizaciis ZiriTad kulturas. am siaxleebs recipienti civilizacia iTvisebs egzotikurobis an iZulebis gamo. gasul saukuneebSi dasavlur samyaros periodulad gadauvlida xolme Cinuri da induri kulturis garkveuli elementebiT gamowveuli enTuziazmis talRa. XIX saukuneSi dasavleTis kulturuli siaxleebi popularuli gaxda indoeTsa da CineTSi, radgan iq SeimCneoda dasavleTisadmi loialuroba. mosazreba, TiTqos popularuli kulturisa da samomxmareblo saqonlis mTels msoflioSi gavrceleba dasavluri civilizaciis triumfia, aufasurebs kidec Tavad dasavlur kulturas. dasavluri kulturis arsia Magna carta (Tavisuflebis didi qartia), da ara Magna Mak (didi sendviCi). is faqti, rom aradasavlelma SeiZleba es ukanaskneli miirTvas, sulac ar niSnavs, rom misTvis misaRebia sxva faseulobebic. es sruliadac ar gamoxatavs aradasavlelis damokidebulebas dasavleTisadmi. sadRac axlo aRmosavleTSi eqvsiode axalgazrda SeiZleba jinsebSi iyos gamowyobili, koka-kolas svamdes, reps usmendes, amave dros ki, locvebs Soris, romelTac isini 45
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria kultura
- Page 3 and 4: sarCevi Tema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradicia tradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
- Page 91 and 92: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 93 and 94: im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
erToblioba qmni<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleTis gansxvavebul saxes. es ideebi, tradiciebi <strong>da</strong><br />
institutebi ufro mZlavrad iyo warmodgenili <strong>da</strong>savleTSi, vidre sxva<br />
civilizaciebSi. yovel SemTxvevaSi, isini qmnian mTavar, mudmiv birTvs <strong>da</strong>savluri<br />
civilizaciisa. swored maTgan gamomdinareobs <strong>da</strong>savleTis <strong>da</strong>savluroba <strong>da</strong> ara<br />
modernuloba. amavdroulad, isini warmoadgenen faqtorebs, romlebmac <strong>da</strong>savleTs<br />
saSualeba misca modernizebuliyo <strong>da</strong> am procesis avangardSi Camdgariyo msoflio<br />
masStabiT.<br />
universaluri civilizacia: mniSvnelobebi<br />
xSirad amtkiceben, rom Tanamedrove samyaro mowmea `universaluri civilizaciis~<br />
Sobisa (es termini v.s.naipols ekuTvnis). ras gulisxmoben am terminSi? naipolis idea<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d gulisxmobs kacobriobis kulturul gaerTianebas, mTeli msoflios xalxebis<br />
mier saerTo faseulobebis, rwmena-warmodgenebis, orientaciebis, tradiciebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
institutebis gaziarebas. ufro zustad, es SeiZleba gulisxmobdes siRrmiseul,<br />
magram umniSvnelo, an mniSvnelovan, magram arasiRrmiseul mxareebs, an sulac _<br />
umniSvnelosa <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong>piruls.<br />
pirvel rigSi, aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebs aqvT<br />
garkveuli ZiriTadi Rirebulebani _ rogoricaa, magaliTad, mkvlelobis<br />
borotebasTan gaigiveba; saerTo sabazo institutebi _ magaliTad, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxiT<br />
warmodgenili ojaxis instituti. sazogadoebaTa umravlesobas erTmaneTis msgavsi<br />
`moraluri kodeqsi~ aqvs — elementaruli zneobrivi warmodgena imaze, Tu ra aris<br />
kargi <strong>da</strong> ra aris cudi. Tu `universaluri civilizaciis~ cnebaSi es azria Cadebuli, igi<br />
Rrma <strong>da</strong> mniSvnelovania, magram, amave dros, es arc axalia <strong>da</strong> arc aqtualuri. is faqti,<br />
rom a<strong>da</strong>mianebs aqvT ramdenime saerTo fun<strong>da</strong>menturi Rirebuleba <strong>da</strong> instituti mTeli<br />
istoriis ganmavlobaSi, SeiZleba gvixsnides a<strong>da</strong>mianis qcevis garkveul konstantebs,<br />
magram mas ar ZaluZs Suqi mohfinos an axsnas istoria, romelic savsea a<strong>da</strong>mianis qcevaSi<br />
momx<strong>da</strong>ri cvlilebebiT. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, Tu mTeli kacobriobisaTvis saerTo<br />
universaluri civilizacia arsebobs, maSin ra termins viyenebT kacobriobis didi<br />
kulturuli <strong>da</strong>jgufebebis aRsaniSnavad, rasebis gar<strong>da</strong>? kacobrioba iyofa<br />
qvejgufebad — tomebad, erebad <strong>da</strong> ufro farTo kulturul erTobebad, romelTac<br />
civilizacia ewodeba. Tu civilizaciis cneba ayvanilia mTeli kacobriobis aRmniSvnel<br />
gagebamde, maSin an udidesi kulturuli <strong>da</strong>jgufebis _ kacobriobis _ aRmniSvneli<br />
axali termini un<strong>da</strong> gamovigonoT, an un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT, rom es didi, magram ara<br />
kacobriobis masStabis mqone <strong>da</strong>jgufebebi gaqreba. magaliTad, vaclav haveli,<br />
amtkiceb<strong>da</strong>, rom ` Cven axla vcxovrobT erT globalur civilizaciaSi~ <strong>da</strong> rom igi sxva<br />
`araferia, Tu ara Txeli saburveli~, romelic `faravs an malavs <strong>kultura</strong>Ta, xalxTa,<br />
religiaTa samyaroebis udides mravalferovnebas, istoriul tradiciebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
istoriulad Camoyalibebul Sexedulebebs; yvelaferi es, garkveuli azriT, mis<br />
safarqveSaa moqceuli~. `civilizaciis~ terminisaTvis globaluri mniSvnelobis<br />
miniWeba, xolo im didi kulturuli erTobebis `kulturis~ an `subcivilizaciis~<br />
saxeliT moxsenieba, romlebic yovelTvis civilizaciebad iwodebo<strong>da</strong>, mxolod <strong>da</strong><br />
mxolod terminebis semantikur aRrevas Tu gamoiwvevs.<br />
meore, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom `universaluri civilizacia~ SeiZleba<br />
gamoiyenebodes im elementebis aRsaniSnavad, romelTa arseboba <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia<br />
civilizebuli sazogadoebebisaTvis, rogoricaa, magaliTad, qalaqebi <strong>da</strong><br />
ganaTlebuloba — is, rac ganarCevs maTgan pirvelyofil sazogadoebebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
barbarosebs. es, cxadia, terminis meTvramete saukuniseuli gagebaa, romelic<br />
civilizaciis mxolobiT ricxvs gulisxmobs <strong>da</strong> romlis mixedviT, universaluri<br />
44
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