kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
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Turqebis, mavrebis, bizantielebisa <strong>da</strong> sxvebisagan; swored RvTisa <strong>da</strong> oqros<br />
gulisaTvis gavidnen <strong>da</strong>savlelebi kontinenti<strong>da</strong>n msoflios <strong>da</strong>sapyrobad XVI<br />
saukuneSi. re<strong>for</strong>macia <strong>da</strong> kontrre<strong>for</strong>macia, <strong>da</strong>savleT saqristianos gayofa<br />
protestantul CrdiloeTad <strong>da</strong> kaTolikur samxreTad <strong>da</strong>savleTis istoriis aseve<br />
gansakuTrebuli Strixia, romelic sruliad ucxo iyo aRmosavluri<br />
orTodoqsiisaTvis <strong>da</strong> saerTod ar arsebob<strong>da</strong> laTinuri amerikis sinamdvileSi.<br />
evropuli enebi. ena, religiis Semdeg, rigiT meore, yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
faqtoria, romelic erTi kulturis xalxs meorisgan ganasxvavebs. <strong>da</strong>savleTi sxva<br />
civilizaciaTa umravlesobisagan gamoirCeva enebis mravalricxovnebiT. hindi,<br />
man<strong>da</strong>rini, rusuli <strong>da</strong> TviT arabuli TavTavianTi civilizaciebis ZiriTad enebad arian<br />
miCneuli. <strong>da</strong>savleTma memkvidreobiT laTinuri miiRo, magram erebis Camoyalibebis<br />
kvalobaze warmoiSva erovnuli enebic, romlebic romanul <strong>da</strong> germanul enaTa vrcel<br />
jgufebSi moeqcnen. XVI saukunisaTvis maT, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, miiRes TavianTi dRevandeli<br />
saxe.<br />
sasuliero <strong>da</strong> saero xelisuflebis gayofa. <strong>da</strong>savleTis mTeli istoriis manZilze<br />
eklesia, Semdeg ki eklesiebi, saxelmwifosagan gancalkevebiT idga. RmerTi <strong>da</strong> keisari,<br />
eklesia <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo, sasuliero avtoriteti <strong>da</strong> amqveyniuri Zalaufleba<br />
gamokveTil dualizmad gvevlineba <strong>da</strong>savlur <strong>kultura</strong>Si. mxolod indur<br />
civilizaciaSi Tu iyo religia <strong>da</strong> politika ase gamokveTilad gamijnuli<br />
erTmaneTisagan. islamSi RmerTi keisaria, CineTsa <strong>da</strong> iaponiaSi keisari RmerTia;<br />
marTlmadideblobaSi RmerTi keisris umcrosi partnioria. eklesiisa <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifos<br />
gamijvna <strong>da</strong> maTi perioduli <strong>da</strong>pirispireba, romelic esoden <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia<br />
<strong>da</strong>savluri civilizaciisaTvis, sxva erTobebSi ar fiqsirdeba. Zalauflebebis aseTma<br />
gamijvnam, u<strong>da</strong>vod, didi biZgi misca <strong>da</strong>savleTSi Tavisuflebis ideis ganviTarebas.<br />
kanonis batonoba . civilizebul cxovrebaSi kanonis uzenaesoba romaelebisgan<br />
miRebuli memkvidreobaa. Sua saukuneebis moazrovneebma SeimuSaves bunebiTi<br />
samarTlis Teoria, romlis mixedviTac, monarqebs eniWebo<strong>da</strong>T Zalauflebis<br />
ganxorcielebis ufleba, risi Sedegicaa inglisSi samoqalaqo kodeqsis tradiciis<br />
Camoyalibeba. XVI <strong>da</strong> XVII saukuneebSi, absolutizmis batonobisas, kanonis uzenaesoba<br />
ufro irRveo<strong>da</strong>, vidre <strong>da</strong>culi iyo, magram idea xelisuflebis <strong>da</strong>morCilebisa gare<br />
SezRudvebisadmi ZalaSi rCebo<strong>da</strong>: `Non sub homine sed sub Deo et lege~ (`ara kacis, aramed<br />
RvTisa <strong>da</strong> kanonis qveSevrdomoba~). kanonis uzenaesobis tradiciam safuZveli Cauyara<br />
konstitucionalizmsa <strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebebs, maT Soris, kerZo sakuTrebis uflebas,<br />
ukanonobis winaaRmdeg brZolas. sxva civilizaciaTa umravlesobaSi kanoni gacilebiT<br />
nakleb rols TamaSob<strong>da</strong> cnobierebisa <strong>da</strong> qceves CamoyalibebaSi.<br />
socialuri pluralizmi. tradiciulad, <strong>da</strong>savluri sazogadoeba pluralisturi<br />
iyo. rogorc doiCi SeniSnav<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>savleTs gamoarCevs `sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva avtonomiuri jgufis<br />
arseboba <strong>da</strong> simyare, romlebic ar arian <strong>da</strong>myarebuli sisxlismier naTesaobaze an<br />
qorwinebaze~. VI <strong>da</strong> VII saukuneebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>wyebuli, aseT jgufebs Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad<br />
warmoadgendnen monastrebi, samonastro ordenebi, gildiebi, SemdgomSi evropis<br />
araerT kuTxeSi maT moicves mravali sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva gaerTianeba <strong>da</strong> sazogadoeba.<br />
gaerTianebaTa pluralizms SemdgomSi klasobrivi pluralizmi <strong>da</strong>emata. <strong>da</strong>savleT<br />
evropuli sazogadoebebis umravlesobaSi arsebob<strong>da</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT Zlieri <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli aristokratia, soliduri fena glexobis saxiT <strong>da</strong> mcirericxovani,<br />
magram mniSvnelovani klasi vaWrebisa. evropul sazogadoebaTa umravlesobaSi<br />
feo<strong>da</strong>luri arsitokratiis Zliereba mTavari mizezi iyo imisa, rom iq absolutizmis<br />
fexis mokideba SeuZlebeli xdebo<strong>da</strong>. evropuli pluralizmis gageba diametrulad<br />
sapirisporoa samoqalaqo sazogadoebis saRaribis, aristokratiis sisustisa <strong>da</strong><br />
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