kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
damoukidebeli sakuTrebis ufleba, rac, vTqvaT, britanelma qalebma mxolod 1870 wels miiRes. muslimuri samarTali aseve Tanabrad cnobda rogorc vaJebis, ise qaliSvilebis memkvidreobiT uflebebs, bevr dasavlur qveyanaSi ki cota xnis win qalebs aseTi ufleba ar hqondaT. did britaneTSi qalebma saarCevno ufleba 1928 wels miiRes, aSS-Si — 1920 wels, safrangeTSi — 1971 wels; am droisaTvis bevr muslimur qveyanaSi (irani, erayi, pakistani da sxv.) qalebi arCevnebSi monawileobdnen. ufro metic — pakistanSi, bangladeSSi, TurqeTSi qalebi ikaveben premier-ministris postebs, aSS-s ki arasdros hyolia qali-prezidentio, dasZens a.a.mazrui. misi azriT, kulturebi/civilizaciebi unda fasdebodes ara mxolod umaRles miRwevaTa mixedviT, aramed mankierebaTa da Seubraleblobis xarisxiT, romlisTvisac isini swiraven sakuTar Tu sxva xalxebs. am TvalsazrisiT, islams ufro Zlieri imuniteti aqvs nacionalizmis, komunizmis, rasizmis, genocidis winaaRmdeg. Tu muslimur samyaroSi dasavlurze Zlieria politikuri Zalmomreoba, dasavleTSi gacilebiT masStaburia quCis Zaladoba. dasavluri liberaluri demokratia uzrunvelyofs ekonomikis maRalmwarmoeblurobas, mosaxleobis farTo monawileobas marTvaSi, magram dasavlurma pluralizmma warmoSva rasizmi, faSizmi, genocidi. dasavleTma mets miaRwia yovelive saukeTesos realizaciaSi, rac adamianis bunebaSia, aRmosavleTma — adamianis bunebis yvelaze cudi mxareebis SezRudvaSi. zogierTi adamianuri kriteriumiT (stabiluri ojaxi, socialuri Zalmomreobisagan dacva da sxv.), muslimuri samyaro win uswrebs dasavleTs. yovelive amis gamo, a.a.mazruis daskvniT, kacobriobam unda gamoiyenos ara mxolod dasavleTis, aramed aRmosavleTis, kerZod, muslimuri samyaros gamocdilebac 1 . aqve davZenT, rom am da zogierT sxva SemTxvevaSic Tavad sakiTxis amgvari dayeneba ufro saintereso da mniSvnelovania rogorc `pasuxi~ dasavleTis `gamowvevaze~, vidre motanili magaliTebis realobasTan Sesabamisoba. samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia ori urTierTsapirispiro tendencia dasavleTisa da aradasavluri samyaros urTierTobaSi. erTis mxriv, dasavluri Rirebulebebi, masobrivi kulturis saxiT, farTod vrceldeba mTel msoflioSi. am movlenas `koka-kolonizaciisa~ da `hamburgerizaciis~ efeqtis saxeliT ixsenieben. saqme ufro Sorsac midis. rogorc e.saidi aRniSnavs, Tanamedrove arabuli samyaro aSSs politikur da kulturul satelitad gvevlineba. mimdinareobs gemovnebis farTomasStabiani standartizacia, rac gamoixateba ara mxolod tranzistorebiT, jinsebiTa da koka-koliT, aramed aRmosavleTis kulturuli saxeebiT, romelTac farTod avrcelebs masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebi da romlebic ukritikod moixmareba masobrivi auditoriis mier. amis paradoqsuli Sedegi isaa, rom arabi sakuTar Tavs holivudis mier SemoTavazebuli saxiT aRiqvams 2 . azieli studentebi (da profesorebi) kvlav amjobineben, moikalaTon amerikel orientalistTa ferxTiT, Semdeg ki adgilobriv msmenelebs gaumeoron kliSeebiT gajerebuli orientalisturi dogmebi 3 . meore mxriv, XX s-is 50-iani wlebidan saTaves iRebs aRmosavlur kulturebTan dasavleTis urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT umniSvnelovanesi movlena. Tu aqamde dasavleTi Tavis msoflaRqmas amdidrebda aRmosavluridan nasesxebi esTetikuri Tu dekoratiuli elementebiT, am droidan evropulenovani aRmosavleli mwerlebis masobrivi SemoWris Sedegad `Seiqmna sruliad axali tipis literatura — orbunebovani, orcnobierebiani, organzomilebiani... miviReT aRmosavluri 1 Mazrui A.A. Islamic and Western Value. – Foreign Affairs, N.Y., 1997, vol.76, 5, p.118-132. 2 Said E.W. Orientalism. L., 1978, p.322. 3 iqve, gv.323-324. 36
warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romlis filosofiur-mxatvrulma koncefciam sruliad gadaasxvafera msoflios mTliani literaturuli procesebi~ 1 . mecnierebi miuTiTeben axali tipis mxatvruli azrovnebis Camoyalibebaze, romelic aRniSnulia `metisurobis~, Tanamedrove dasavleTSi aRmosavleTis yofnis niSniT 2 . magaliTad, inglisur literaturul premiebs xSirad iReben inglisurenovani ucxoeli mwerlebi, frangul literaturaSi sul ufro xSirad gvxvdeba arabuli warmoSobis avtorebi. erTi sityviT, aRmosavleTis mier evropuli literaturuli sivrceebis dapyrobis tendencia zogadad mTeli Tanamedrove evropuli literaturis mkveTri maxasiaTebelia. sul raRac erTi saukunis win ki gansxvaveba aRmosavlur da dasavlur azrovnebas Soris imdenad didi iyo, rom pirveli Cineli da iaponeli mTargmnelebi ki ar Targmnidnen, TiTqmis Tavidan werdnen evropul romanebs 3 . aRniSnuli procesi mxolod literaturis sferos ar exeba. TviT kulturuli konvergenciis Teoriis momxreebi, romlebic Tvlian, rom mimdinareobs kulturis globaluri homogenizacia transnacionalur korporaciaTa zegavleniT (`koka-kola~, `makdonaldsi~ da sxv.), aRniSnaven, rom `msoflio produqciis~ mwarmoebel korporaciaTa saqmianoba warmatebulia imdenad, ramdenadac isini adaptirdebian adgilobriv kulturasTan. `importior~ qveynebSi dasavluri dawesebulebani Tu moxmarebis saSualebani sxva socialur, ekonomikur da kulturul funqciebs asruleben, vidre samSobloSi. `sonis~ prezidentma akio moritam am procesis aRsaniSnavad SemogvTavaza termini `glokalizacia~ (globalizacia+lokalizacia), anu `orive mxares yureba~ 4 . mecnierebi saubroben kardinalur mijnaze, romelsac miadga kacobrioba da romlis iqiT istoria, rogorc Cans, kalapots icvlis. `dominirebadma civilizaciam Zlierebis piks miaRwia da globaluri gaxda, magram igi namdvil sulier katastrofas ganicdis. qristianuli kultura — am supercivilizaciis macocxlebeli wyaro — TandaTan adgils uTmobs axal realiebs, cnobierebis organizaciis sxva formebs,~ — wers a.neklesa 5 . 2001 wlis miwuruls gamoqveynda ukiduresi memarjvene amerikeli politikosis patrik biukenanis wigni friad niSandoblivi saTauriT: `dasavleTis sikvdili: rogor emuqreba Cvens saxelmwifosa da civilizacias mosaxleobis kleba da imigrantTa Semosevebi~ (Patrick J.Buchanan. The Death of the West: How Dying Populations and Immigrant Invasions Imperil Our Country and Civilization). sxvaTa Soris, am wignis publikacia 11 seqtembris teraqtebis gamo gadaido, Tumca igi jer kidev zafxulSi mzad iyo gamosacemad. avtori dasavluri samyarosa da, kerZod, aSS-saTvis friad samwuxaro samomavlo perspeqtivas xatavs: 2050 wlisaTvis aSS mesamexarisxovan qveynad gadaiqceva, evropis TeTrkaniani mosaxleobisa da iaponelebis ricxvi katastrofulad daiklebs, sabolood ki, isini sulac gaqrebian aziisa da afrikis muslimuri qveynebis demografiuli Semotevis Sedegad. ganaxldeba islamis zewola evropis qveynebze, rac ukve iyo istoriaSi, magram misi Sedegebi amjerad gacilebiT tragikuli iqneba evropelTaTvis. arc ruseTis momavali esaxeba biukenans naTel ferebSi: CineTi gandevnis mas cimbiridan da Soreuli aRmosavleTidan, muslimuri samyaro ki _ kavkasiidan da centraluri aziidan. qristianTa _ kaTolikeTa, protestantTa da 1 ebraliZe T. or kulturas Soris. — gaz. “Cveni mwerloba” (saliteraturo CanarTi gazeTisa “axali epoqa”), 23 (49), 8-15 ivnisi, 2001, gv.3. 2 Прожогина С.В. Литература магрибинцев во Франции: продолжение диалога культур Востока и Запада. – В кн.: Восток- Запад: Притяжение, отталкивание. М., 1998, с.178. 3 ebraliZe T. dasax naSr., gv.3. 4 Питерсе Я.Н. Глобализация и культура.- В кн.: Этнос и политика. Автор-составитель А.А.Празаускас. М., 2000, с.322. 5 Неклесса А. Конец цивилизации..., с.74. 37
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria kultura
- Page 3 and 4: sarCevi Tema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradicia tradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
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- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
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- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
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- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
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- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romlis filosofiur-mxatvrulma koncefciam<br />
sruliad ga<strong>da</strong>asxvafera msoflios mTliani literaturuli procesebi~ 1 . mecnierebi<br />
miuTiTeben axali tipis mxatvruli azrovnebis Camoyalibebaze, romelic aRniSnulia<br />
`metisurobis~, Tanamedrove <strong>da</strong>savleTSi aRmosavleTis yofnis niSniT 2 . magaliTad,<br />
inglisur literaturul premiebs xSirad iReben inglisurenovani ucxoeli mwerlebi,<br />
frangul literaturaSi sul ufro xSirad gvxvdeba arabuli warmoSobis avtorebi.<br />
erTi sityviT, aRmosavleTis mier evropuli literaturuli sivrceebis <strong>da</strong>pyrobis<br />
tendencia zoga<strong>da</strong>d mTeli Tanamedrove evropuli literaturis mkveTri<br />
maxasiaTebelia. sul raRac erTi saukunis win ki gansxvaveba aRmosavlur <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savlur<br />
azrovnebas Soris imdenad didi iyo, rom pirveli Cineli <strong>da</strong> iaponeli mTargmnelebi ki<br />
ar Targmnidnen, TiTqmis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n werdnen evropul romanebs 3 .<br />
aRniSnuli procesi mxolod literaturis sferos ar exeba.<br />
TviT kulturuli konvergenciis Teoriis momxreebi, romlebic Tvlian, rom<br />
mimdinareobs kulturis globaluri homogenizacia transnacionalur korporaciaTa<br />
zegavleniT (`koka-kola~, `makdonaldsi~ <strong>da</strong> sxv.), aRniSnaven, rom `msoflio<br />
produqciis~ mwarmoebel korporaciaTa saqmianoba warmatebulia imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c<br />
isini a<strong>da</strong>ptirdebian adgilobriv <strong>kultura</strong>sTan. `importior~ qveynebSi <strong>da</strong>savluri<br />
<strong>da</strong>wesebulebani Tu moxmarebis saSualebani sxva socialur, ekonomikur <strong>da</strong> kulturul<br />
funqciebs asruleben, vidre samSobloSi. `sonis~ prezidentma akio moritam am<br />
procesis aRsaniSnavad SemogvTavaza termini `glokalizacia~ (globalizacia+lokalizacia),<br />
anu `orive mxares yureba~ 4 .<br />
mecnierebi saubroben kardinalur mijnaze, romelsac miadga kacobrioba <strong>da</strong><br />
romlis iqiT istoria, rogorc Cans, kalapots icvlis. `dominirebadma civilizaciam<br />
Zlierebis piks miaRwia <strong>da</strong> globaluri gax<strong>da</strong>, magram igi namdvil sulier katastrofas<br />
ganicdis. qristianuli <strong>kultura</strong> — am supercivilizaciis macocxlebeli wyaro —<br />
Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan adgils uTmobs axal realiebs, cnobierebis organizaciis sxva <strong>for</strong>mebs,~ —<br />
wers a.neklesa 5 .<br />
2001 wlis miwuruls gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> ukiduresi memarjvene amerikeli politikosis<br />
patrik biukenanis wigni friad niSandoblivi saTauriT: `<strong>da</strong>savleTis sikvdili: rogor<br />
emuqreba Cvens saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> civilizacias mosaxleobis kleba <strong>da</strong> imigrantTa<br />
Semosevebi~ (Patrick J.Buchanan. The Death of the West: How Dying Populations and Immigrant<br />
Invasions Imperil Our Country and Civilization). sxvaTa Soris, am wignis publikacia 11<br />
seqtembris teraqtebis gamo ga<strong>da</strong>ido, Tumca igi jer kidev zafxulSi mzad iyo<br />
gamosacemad. avtori <strong>da</strong>savluri samyarosa <strong>da</strong>, kerZod, aSS-saTvis friad samwuxaro<br />
samomavlo perspeqtivas xatavs: 2050 wlisaTvis aSS mesamexarisxovan qveynad<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>iqceva, evropis TeTrkaniani mosaxleobisa <strong>da</strong> iaponelebis ricxvi katastrofulad<br />
<strong>da</strong>iklebs, sabolood ki, isini sulac gaqrebian aziisa <strong>da</strong> afrikis muslimuri qveynebis<br />
demografiuli Semotevis Sedegad. ganaxldeba islamis zewola evropis qveynebze, rac<br />
ukve iyo istoriaSi, magram misi Sedegebi amjerad gacilebiT tragikuli iqneba<br />
evropelTaTvis. arc ruseTis momavali esaxeba biukenans naTel ferebSi: CineTi<br />
gandevnis mas cimbiri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> Soreuli aRmosavleTi<strong>da</strong>n, muslimuri samyaro ki _<br />
kavkasii<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> centraluri azii<strong>da</strong>n. qristianTa _ kaTolikeTa, protestantTa <strong>da</strong><br />
1<br />
ebraliZe T. or <strong>kultura</strong>s Soris. — gaz. “Cveni mwerloba” (saliteraturo CanarTi gazeTisa “axali epoqa”),<br />
23 (49), 8-15 ivnisi, 2001, gv.3.<br />
2<br />
Прожогина С.В. Литература магрибинцев во Франции: продолжение диалога культур Востока и Запада. – В кн.: Восток-<br />
Запад: Притяжение, отталкивание. М., 1998, с.178.<br />
3<br />
ebraliZe T. <strong>da</strong>sax naSr., gv.3.<br />
4<br />
Питерсе Я.Н. Глобализация и культура.- В кн.: Этнос и политика. Автор-составитель А.А.Празаускас. М., 2000, с.322.<br />
5 Неклесса А. Конец цивилизации..., с.74.<br />
37
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