kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
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momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami CvenTvis mxolod religia ki ara, cxovrebis wesia.<br />
Cven, saudelebs, gvsurs modernizeba, magram ar vsaWiroebT vesternizebas~ 1 .<br />
<strong>da</strong>savlur samyarosTan muslimuri aRmosavleTis urTierTobis Sedegebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
perspeqtivebis SefasebaSi gacilebiT naklebradikaluria iraneli<br />
literaturaTmcodne, doqtori abdulhusein zarinkubi, romelmac 1974 wels<br />
gamoaqveyna wigni friad niSandoblivi saTauriT: `arc <strong>da</strong>savluri, arc aRmosavluri _<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianuri~. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad <strong>da</strong>savleTisadmi mkveTrad uaryofiTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebisa, igi<br />
miiCnevs, rom SeuZlebelia iranuli kulturis <strong>da</strong>konserveba, misi SenarCuneba Zveli<br />
tradiciebis farglebSi. igi un<strong>da</strong> viTardebodes, iTvisebdes axals _ aucilebelsa <strong>da</strong><br />
sasargeblos. problemas qmnis ara <strong>da</strong>savluris aTviseba _ es istoriuli<br />
aucileblobaa, radgan kapitalistur ekonomikasTan erTad xalxis cxovrebaSi iWreba<br />
garkveuli kulturuli faseulobani, _ aramed <strong>da</strong>savleTis winaSe qedis moxra,<br />
cxovrebis ucxo normebis Tavsmoxveva. sad aris gamosavali? mecnieris azriT,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>mwyvet rols Seasrulebs iranuli kulturis istoriuli gamocdileba, romelmac<br />
SesaZlebeli gaxa<strong>da</strong> enis, literaturisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis SenarCuneba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis<br />
zewolis pirobebSi. un<strong>da</strong> viamayoT imiT _ <strong>da</strong>sZens mkvlevari _ rom iranuli <strong>kultura</strong><br />
arc aRmosavluria, arc <strong>da</strong>savluri, igi a<strong>da</strong>mianuria 2 .<br />
cxadia, <strong>da</strong>skvna, cota ar iyos, ucnauria, magram sakiTxis <strong>da</strong>sma sainteresoa: sxva<br />
iraneli mkvlevrebi, maT Soris, zemoT naxsenebi d.Saiegani iranuli kulturis<br />
aRmosavlurobas eWvqveS ar ayeneben. Tumca, rogorc Cans, arsebobs sxva Tvalsazrisic.<br />
cnobili istorikosi <strong>da</strong> literaturaTmcodne, Teiranis universitetis profesori<br />
islami noduSeni aRniSnavs, rom erT-erTi ZiriTadi faqtori, romelic mu<strong>da</strong>m<br />
zemoqmedeb<strong>da</strong> iranis istoriaze, aris misi mdebareoba aRmosavleTsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleTs<br />
Soris. geografiam gansazRvra CvenTvis erTaderTi gza _ wonasworobis SenarCuneba,<br />
anu sakuTar safuZvelze myarad dgomis unari, askvnis igi 3 .<br />
vfiqrobT, ganxiluli poziciebi sainteresoa CvenTvisac: rogorc <strong>da</strong>vinaxeT,<br />
iranelebi xazs usvamen <strong>da</strong>savleTsa <strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTs Soris TavianT yofnas (Cveni<br />
Tvalsawieri<strong>da</strong>n, iranuli <strong>kultura</strong> calsaxad aRmosavluria), Cveni mkvlevrebis nawili<br />
ki <strong>da</strong>JinebiT cdilobs qarTuli kulturis an mxolod <strong>da</strong>savluri, an mxolod<br />
aRmosavluri maxasiaTeblebis moZiebas.<br />
ara<strong>da</strong>savlel mkvlevarTaTvis, cxadia, miuRebelia mtkiceba, rom Tu ara<br />
koloniuri eqspansia, aRmosavleTis yvela qveyana, iaponiis CaTvliT, dRes TiTqmis XV<br />
saukunis doneze iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. yvelaferi axali <strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove aRmosavleTSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTi<strong>da</strong>n movi<strong>da</strong>, vesternizaciisa <strong>da</strong> modernizaciis procesis Sedegad, <strong>da</strong><br />
aRmosavleTi yovelive (an TiTqmis yovelive) amiT mSvenivrad sargeblobs. am<br />
TvalsazrisiT, swored kolonializmma <strong>da</strong>aaxlova aRmosavleTi <strong>da</strong>savleTTan 4 .<br />
sapirispirod, aRmosavleli mkvlevrebi cdiloben <strong>da</strong>asabuTon, rom Rirebulebani<br />
<strong>da</strong> miRwevebi, romlebiTac ase amayobs Tanamedrove <strong>da</strong>savleTi, arc aRmosavluri, maT<br />
Soris, muslimuri sazogadoebebisaTvisaa ucxo, zog SemTxvevaSi ki es ukanasknelni<br />
winac uswreben <strong>da</strong>savlelebs. magaliTad, a.a.mazrui aRniSnavs, rom Tumca qalTa<br />
mdgomareoba muslimur qveynebSi <strong>da</strong>savleTis mZafri kritikis sagania, magram,<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTisagan gansxvavebiT, am qveynebSi qals yovelTvis gaaCn<strong>da</strong> qmrisgan<br />
1 hanTingtoni s. <strong>da</strong>savleTi — unikaluri, ara universaluri. — kreb.: kulturis istoriisa <strong>da</strong> Teoriis<br />
sakiTxebi, X, Tb., Tsu gamomc., 2001, gv.185.<br />
2 Китаянов Д.С. Иран и Запад: история и современный диалог. – В кн.: Восток-Запад: Притяжение, отталкивание. М., 1998,<br />
с.32-33. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom iranis islamuri revoluciis ideologebi am lozungs <strong>da</strong>esesxnen<br />
zarinkubs <strong>da</strong> igi Semdegnairad ga<strong>da</strong>akeTes: arc aRmosavluri, arc <strong>da</strong>savluri _ islamuri.<br />
3 iqve, gv.9.<br />
4 Васильев Л.С. <strong>da</strong>sax. naSr., gv.107.<br />
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