kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
industria farTodaa gavrcelebuli iqac, sadac samoqalaqo sazogadoebis xsenebac ki ar aris. afrikuli warmoSobis mkvlevarma a.a.mazruim yuradReba miaqcia dasavluri kulturis mimzidvelobisa da misadmi agresiuli ganwyobis urTierTdaSrevebas dasavleTTan aradasvluri samyaros urTierTobis procesSi: `mosuli (dasavluri — n.C.) kultura iwvevs erTdroulad aRfrTovanebasa da zizRs, mibaZvis survilsa da protestis grZnobas~ 1 . sul ufro aSkarad ikveTeba aradasavlur civilizaciaTa miswrafeba sakuTari saxis, sakuTari faseulobebis damkvidrebisaken. `Cven vcxovrobT ara mxolod mTlian samyaroSi, aramed `samyaroebis samyaroSi~ 2 , sadac mimdinareobs pasuxis Zieba globalizaciis gamowvevaze. iraneli mecnieris, Teiranis universitetis profesor d.Saieganis azriT, es gamowveva principulad gansxvavdeba warsulSi kulturaTa urTierTqmedebisagan, radgan saqme exeba socialuri da individualuri yofis organizaciis amosaval principTa totalur SeuTavseblobas. dasavleTisaTvis esaa istoriuli evoluciis, grZnobadi da zegrZnobadi samyarosgan gancalkevebuli sulis, nebis primatisa da raodenobriv maxasiaTeblebze samyaros dayvanis principebi. iq damkvidrebuli samyaros sekularizacia niSnavs mis despiritualizacias, bunebis ukidures obieqtivacias, saidanac gamomdinareobs scientizmi da teqnicizmi. Zireulad gansxvavebulia aRmosavlur civilizaciaTa principebi. istoria aq wmindaTawmindaa da uSualod ukavSirdeba esqatologias. adamianuri instinqtebi da vnebani ar miiCneva istoriis mTavar mamoZravebel Zalad, _ rogorc islamSi, ise induizmSi maT daqvemdebarebuli adgili mieCinebaT, an kidev isini aRiqmeba mZime tvirTad, romlisganac gaTavisuflebaa saWiro. d.Saiegani Tvlis, rom dasavluri civilizaciis, rogorc universaluris, damkvidreba an angrevs sxva kulturaTa eTikur da esTetikur faseulobebs, an dayavs isini `adgilobriv koloritamde~. kulturaTa sinTezi ucxo RirebulebaTa zewolis pirobebSi SeuZlebelia, radgan motanili faseulobebi diametrulad sawinaaRmdegoa adgilobrivisa. es moaswavebs dagrovil memkvidreobaze uaris Tqmas, damoukidebel azrovnebaze, qcevasa da qmedebaze xelis aRebas, sabolood ki — uaris Tqmas sakuTar Tavze. `Tu aRmosavlur samyaros ara aqvs sxva arCevani, garda `aSkara gamowvevis~, `garduvali bedisweris~ miRebisa, rac dasavleTTan Segueba-morgebaSi gamoixateba, maSin es iqneba aRmosavluri civilizaciebis tragikuli aRsasruli. esaa yofierebis ori tipis mkacri Setakeba, romelTa Soris kompromisi SeuZlebelia~, — askvnis mkvlevari 3 . `Tanamedrove muslims ar SeuZlia, ar awarmoos mudmivi jixadi (wminda omi) ara mxolod sakuTar TavTan, raTa SeinarCunos saRi goneba da sulieri sijansaRe, aramed Tavis garemomcvel samyarosTanac, raTa daicvas winaparTa didebuli sulieri da mxatvruli memkvidreoba da gadasces igi momaval Taobas~, _ wers s.nasri 4 . niSandoblivia saudis arabeTis princis gancxadebac, romelic s.hanTingtons mohyavs: `ucxouri importi mSvenieria lamazi nivTebis an maRalteqnikuri sagnebis saxiT. magram socialuri da politikuri institutebis importi SeiZleba 1 Mazrui A. World Federation of Cultures: an African Perspective. N.Y., 1976, p.457. 2 Актуальные вопросы глобализации, с.42. 3 Shayegan D. The Challenges of Today and Cultural Identity. – East Asian Cultural Studies. Tokyo, 1977, 4, p.35-36. 4 Наср С.Х. О столкновении принципов западной и исламской цивилизаций. –В кн.: Сравнительное изучение цивилизаций. Под ред. Б.С.Ерасова, с.481-482. 34
momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami CvenTvis mxolod religia ki ara, cxovrebis wesia. Cven, saudelebs, gvsurs modernizeba, magram ar vsaWiroebT vesternizebas~ 1 . dasavlur samyarosTan muslimuri aRmosavleTis urTierTobis Sedegebisa da perspeqtivebis SefasebaSi gacilebiT naklebradikaluria iraneli literaturaTmcodne, doqtori abdulhusein zarinkubi, romelmac 1974 wels gamoaqveyna wigni friad niSandoblivi saTauriT: `arc dasavluri, arc aRmosavluri _ adamianuri~. miuxedavad dasavleTisadmi mkveTrad uaryofiTi damokidebulebisa, igi miiCnevs, rom SeuZlebelia iranuli kulturis dakonserveba, misi SenarCuneba Zveli tradiciebis farglebSi. igi unda viTardebodes, iTvisebdes axals _ aucilebelsa da sasargeblos. problemas qmnis ara dasavluris aTviseba _ es istoriuli aucileblobaa, radgan kapitalistur ekonomikasTan erTad xalxis cxovrebaSi iWreba garkveuli kulturuli faseulobani, _ aramed dasavleTis winaSe qedis moxra, cxovrebis ucxo normebis Tavsmoxveva. sad aris gamosavali? mecnieris azriT, gadamwyvet rols Seasrulebs iranuli kulturis istoriuli gamocdileba, romelmac SesaZlebeli gaxada enis, literaturisa da kulturis SenarCuneba sxvadasxva saxis zewolis pirobebSi. unda viamayoT imiT _ dasZens mkvlevari _ rom iranuli kultura arc aRmosavluria, arc dasavluri, igi adamianuria 2 . cxadia, daskvna, cota ar iyos, ucnauria, magram sakiTxis dasma sainteresoa: sxva iraneli mkvlevrebi, maT Soris, zemoT naxsenebi d.Saiegani iranuli kulturis aRmosavlurobas eWvqveS ar ayeneben. Tumca, rogorc Cans, arsebobs sxva Tvalsazrisic. cnobili istorikosi da literaturaTmcodne, Teiranis universitetis profesori islami noduSeni aRniSnavs, rom erT-erTi ZiriTadi faqtori, romelic mudam zemoqmedebda iranis istoriaze, aris misi mdebareoba aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris. geografiam gansazRvra CvenTvis erTaderTi gza _ wonasworobis SenarCuneba, anu sakuTar safuZvelze myarad dgomis unari, askvnis igi 3 . vfiqrobT, ganxiluli poziciebi sainteresoa CvenTvisac: rogorc davinaxeT, iranelebi xazs usvamen dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris TavianT yofnas (Cveni Tvalsawieridan, iranuli kultura calsaxad aRmosavluria), Cveni mkvlevrebis nawili ki daJinebiT cdilobs qarTuli kulturis an mxolod dasavluri, an mxolod aRmosavluri maxasiaTeblebis moZiebas. aradasavlel mkvlevarTaTvis, cxadia, miuRebelia mtkiceba, rom Tu ara koloniuri eqspansia, aRmosavleTis yvela qveyana, iaponiis CaTvliT, dRes TiTqmis XV saukunis doneze iqneboda. yvelaferi axali da Tanamedrove aRmosavleTSi dasavleTidan movida, vesternizaciisa da modernizaciis procesis Sedegad, da aRmosavleTi yovelive (an TiTqmis yovelive) amiT mSvenivrad sargeblobs. am TvalsazrisiT, swored kolonializmma daaaxlova aRmosavleTi dasavleTTan 4 . sapirispirod, aRmosavleli mkvlevrebi cdiloben daasabuTon, rom Rirebulebani da miRwevebi, romlebiTac ase amayobs Tanamedrove dasavleTi, arc aRmosavluri, maT Soris, muslimuri sazogadoebebisaTvisaa ucxo, zog SemTxvevaSi ki es ukanasknelni winac uswreben dasavlelebs. magaliTad, a.a.mazrui aRniSnavs, rom Tumca qalTa mdgomareoba muslimur qveynebSi dasavleTis mZafri kritikis sagania, magram, dasavleTisagan gansxvavebiT, am qveynebSi qals yovelTvis gaaCnda qmrisgan 1 hanTingtoni s. dasavleTi — unikaluri, ara universaluri. — kreb.: kulturis istoriisa da Teoriis sakiTxebi, X, Tb., Tsu gamomc., 2001, gv.185. 2 Китаянов Д.С. Иран и Запад: история и современный диалог. – В кн.: Восток-Запад: Притяжение, отталкивание. М., 1998, с.32-33. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom iranis islamuri revoluciis ideologebi am lozungs daesesxnen zarinkubs da igi Semdegnairad gadaakeTes: arc aRmosavluri, arc dasavluri _ islamuri. 3 iqve, gv.9. 4 Васильев Л.С. dasax. naSr., gv.107. 35
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria kultura
- Page 3 and 4: sarCevi Tema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradicia tradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
industria farTo<strong>da</strong>a gavrcelebuli iqac, sa<strong>da</strong>c samoqalaqo sazogadoebis xsenebac ki<br />
ar aris.<br />
afrikuli warmoSobis mkvlevarma a.a.mazruim yuradReba miaqcia <strong>da</strong>savluri<br />
kulturis mimzidvelobisa <strong>da</strong> misadmi agresiuli ganwyobis urTierT<strong>da</strong>Srevebas<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTTan ara<strong>da</strong>svluri samyaros urTierTobis procesSi: `mosuli (<strong>da</strong>savluri —<br />
n.C.) <strong>kultura</strong> iwvevs erTdroulad aRfrTovanebasa <strong>da</strong> zizRs, mibaZvis survilsa <strong>da</strong><br />
protestis grZnobas~ 1 . sul ufro aSkarad ikveTeba ara<strong>da</strong>savlur civilizaciaTa<br />
miswrafeba sakuTari saxis, sakuTari faseulobebis <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebisaken. `Cven vcxovrobT<br />
ara mxolod mTlian samyaroSi, aramed `samyaroebis samyaroSi~ 2 , sa<strong>da</strong>c mimdinareobs<br />
pasuxis Zieba globalizaciis gamowvevaze.<br />
iraneli mecnieris, Teiranis universitetis profesor d.Saieganis azriT, es<br />
gamowveva principulad gansxvavdeba warsulSi <strong>kultura</strong>Ta urTierTqmedebisagan,<br />
radgan saqme exeba socialuri <strong>da</strong> individualuri yofis organizaciis amosaval<br />
principTa totalur SeuTavseblobas. <strong>da</strong>savleTisaTvis esaa istoriuli evoluciis,<br />
grZnobadi <strong>da</strong> zegrZnobadi samyarosgan gancalkevebuli sulis, nebis primatisa <strong>da</strong><br />
raodenobriv maxasiaTeblebze samyaros <strong>da</strong>yvanis principebi. iq <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebuli<br />
samyaros sekularizacia niSnavs mis despiritualizacias, bunebis ukidures<br />
obieqtivacias, sai<strong>da</strong>nac gamomdinareobs scientizmi <strong>da</strong> teqnicizmi. Zireulad<br />
gansxvavebulia aRmosavlur civilizaciaTa principebi. istoria aq wmin<strong>da</strong>Tawmin<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />
uSualod ukavSirdeba esqatologias. a<strong>da</strong>mianuri instinqtebi <strong>da</strong> vnebani ar miiCneva<br />
istoriis mTavar mamoZravebel Zalad, _ rogorc islamSi, ise induizmSi maT<br />
<strong>da</strong>qvemdebarebuli adgili mieCinebaT, an kidev isini aRiqmeba mZime tvirTad,<br />
romlisganac gaTavisuflebaa saWiro.<br />
d.Saiegani Tvlis, rom <strong>da</strong>savluri civilizaciis, rogorc universaluris,<br />
<strong>da</strong>mkvidreba an angrevs sxva <strong>kultura</strong>Ta eTikur <strong>da</strong> esTetikur faseulobebs, an <strong>da</strong>yavs<br />
isini `adgilobriv koloritamde~. <strong>kultura</strong>Ta sinTezi ucxo RirebulebaTa zewolis<br />
pirobebSi SeuZlebelia, radgan motanili faseulobebi diametrulad sawinaaRmdegoa<br />
adgilobrivisa. es moaswavebs <strong>da</strong>grovil memkvidreobaze uaris Tqmas, <strong>da</strong>moukidebel<br />
azrovnebaze, qcevasa <strong>da</strong> qmedebaze xelis aRebas, sabolood ki — uaris Tqmas sakuTar<br />
Tavze. `Tu aRmosavlur samyaros ara aqvs sxva arCevani, gar<strong>da</strong> `aSkara gamowvevis~,<br />
`garduvali bedisweris~ miRebisa, rac <strong>da</strong>savleTTan Segueba-morgebaSi gamoixateba,<br />
maSin es iqneba aRmosavluri civilizaciebis tragikuli aRsasruli. esaa yofierebis<br />
ori tipis mkacri Setakeba, romelTa Soris kompromisi SeuZlebelia~, — askvnis<br />
mkvlevari 3 .<br />
`Tanamedrove muslims ar SeuZlia, ar awarmoos mudmivi jixadi (wmin<strong>da</strong> omi) ara<br />
mxolod sakuTar TavTan, raTa SeinarCunos saRi goneba <strong>da</strong> sulieri sijansaRe, aramed<br />
Tavis garemomcvel samyarosTanac, raTa <strong>da</strong>icvas winaparTa didebuli sulieri <strong>da</strong><br />
mxatvruli memkvidreoba <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>sces igi momaval Taobas~, _ wers s.nasri 4 .<br />
niSandoblivia saudis arabeTis princis gancxadebac, romelic s.hanTingtons<br />
mohyavs: `ucxouri importi mSvenieria lamazi nivTebis an maRalteqnikuri sagnebis<br />
saxiT. magram socialuri <strong>da</strong> politikuri institutebis importi SeiZleba<br />
1 Mazrui A. World Federation of Cultures: an African Perspective. N.Y., 1976, p.457.<br />
2 Актуальные вопросы глобализации, с.42.<br />
3 Shayegan D. The Challenges of To<strong>da</strong>y and Cultural Identity. – East Asian Cultural Studies. Tokyo, 1977, 4, p.35-36.<br />
4 Наср С.Х. О столкновении принципов западной и исламской цивилизаций. –В кн.: Сравнительное изучение цивилизаций.<br />
Под ред. Б.С.Ерасова, с.481-482.<br />
34
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