kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
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skolebis <strong>da</strong>msaxurebaa Zveli civilizaciebis Seswavla, evropis biblioTekebSi Zveli<br />
xelnawerebis Tavmoyra <strong>da</strong> maTi katalogebis gamocema, kvlevis meTodikis SemuSaveba,<br />
aRmosavleTis qveynebSi sakuTari warsulisadmi interesis gaRviveba. amave dros,<br />
orientalizmi, rogorc samecniero mimarTuleba, asaxavs evropelTa <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas<br />
aRmosavleTis rogorc pasiuri `obieqtisadmi~, romlis miRwevebi Soreul warsulSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>rCa. e.saidis sityviT, orientalizmi gacilebiT mets gveubneba TviT <strong>da</strong>savleTze,<br />
vidre aRmosavleTze 1 .<br />
XVIII s-is bolosa <strong>da</strong> XIX s-is <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi, evropuli civilizaciiT inteleqtualTa<br />
nawilis imedgacruebam gaacxovela interesi aRmosavleTis, rogorc mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
kulturis mxaris mimarT, romlisganac <strong>da</strong>savleTs bevri ram un<strong>da</strong> eswavla, Tu sur<strong>da</strong><br />
Tavi <strong>da</strong>eRwia momakvdinebeli meqanicizmisa <strong>da</strong> materializmisaTvis; aqac interesis<br />
sagnad gvevlinebo<strong>da</strong> ara aRmosavleTi TavisTavad, aramed <strong>da</strong>savleTisaTvis misi<br />
gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba.<br />
orientalizmi ganasaxiereb<strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTisadmi evropelTa aqtiur<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas. e.saidis sityviT, orientalizmma `Seqmna~ iseTi aRmosavleTi,<br />
romelic mTlianad gansxvavdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleTisagan <strong>da</strong> xasiaTdebo<strong>da</strong> myari niSnebiT _<br />
religiuriT, enobriviT, kulturuliT. uzogadesi gansazRvrebiT, aRmosavleTi _ es<br />
iyo aRmosavleli a<strong>da</strong>mianis saxli, sa<strong>da</strong>c is cxovrob<strong>da</strong> aRmosavlur kom<strong>for</strong>tSi,<br />
aRmosavluri despotizmis pirobebSi, aRmosavluri fatalizmis grZnobiT 2 .<br />
kolonializmis epoqis <strong>da</strong>sasrulTan erTad, <strong>da</strong>savleTi axali realobis winaSe<br />
aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, waawy<strong>da</strong> ra politikurad gaaqtiurebuli <strong>da</strong> mebrZoli aRmosavleTis<br />
gamowvevas.<br />
<strong>da</strong>savlur orientalizmze reaqciis saxiT gvevlineba ara<strong>da</strong>savlel xalxTa<br />
mcdeloba, gaiazron sakuTari kulturis originaluroba, xazi gausvan socialuri <strong>da</strong><br />
kulturuli arsebobis sakuTari wesis ara mxolod Tanasworobas, aramed<br />
upiratesobas evropulTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT. aTwleulebis manZilze yalibdeba met-naklebi<br />
mecnieruli Rirebulebis mqone araerTi koncefcia, magaliTad, leopold sengoris<br />
saxelTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli negritiudi — moZRvreba negro-afrikuli civilizaciis<br />
TviTmyofadobis Sesaxeb, romlis sulierebasTan, grZnobadobasTan, uSualobasTan<br />
organuli kavSiris gareSe <strong>da</strong>savleTis meqanikuri cxovrebis wess gar<strong>da</strong>uvali <strong>da</strong>Rupva<br />
emuqreba. ganviTarebis sakuTari gzis <strong>da</strong>sabuTebas, progresis <strong>da</strong>savluri modelis<br />
alternativis Seqmnas cdiloben laTinoamerikeli mkvlevrebi, gansakuTrebiT,<br />
`gaTavisuflebis filosofiis~ mimarTulebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic TavianT<br />
miznad acxadeben kontinentis evropocentristuli istoriis <strong>da</strong>Zlevas. isini<br />
aRniSnaven, rom XV saukuni<strong>da</strong>n Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan <strong>da</strong>mkvidr<strong>da</strong> evropuli civilizaciis<br />
universalurobis idea, romelic dRes kulturuli imperializmis saxiT vlindeba. amas<br />
mosdevs laTinuri amerikis qveynebis yoveldRiuri cxovrebis amerikanizacia. mzardi<br />
erTgvarovnebis logikas `gaTavisuflebis filosofia~ upirispirebs universalizmis<br />
axal models, romelic <strong>kultura</strong>Ta mravalferovnebis ideas emyareba 3 .<br />
zemoT saubari gvqon<strong>da</strong> imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor iqca kulturis fenomeni<br />
mecnieruli <strong>da</strong> politikuri <strong>da</strong>pirispirebis obieqtad. <strong>da</strong>savleTSi<br />
ganaTlebamiRebulma <strong>da</strong>, xSir SemTxvevaSi, iq momuSave aRmosavlelma mkvlevrebma<br />
laparaki <strong>da</strong>iwyes <strong>da</strong>savluri orientalizmis krizissa <strong>da</strong> misi principebis ga<strong>da</strong>sinjvis<br />
1 Said E. Orientalizm, p.118.<br />
2 Said E. Orientalizm, p.104.<br />
3 Петякшева Н.И. Трактовка феномена конкисты в латиноамериканской «философии освобождения». – В сб.: Iberica<br />
Americans. Культуры Нового и Старого Света XVI-XVIII вв. в их взаимодействии. СПб., 1991, с.49-54; Деменчонок<br />
Э.В. Историко-культурная драма прошлого и проблема «Латинская Америка-Запад» в современной<br />
латиноамериканской философии. – Там же, с.54-59.<br />
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