kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
civilizaciaTa istoriebad, SemdgomSi, swored evropis mier inicirebulma transformaciebma erTiani sakacobrio istoria Teoriulidan praqtikul sferoSi gadaitana. mkvlevarTa azriT, es roli ganpirobebuli iyo evropuli civilizaciis unikaluri Sinagani TaviseburebebiT, romelTac gansazRvres misi sicocxlisunarianoba da eqspansia, socialur-kulturul niSebSi Canergvisa da ucxo kulturul garemoSi gadarCenis unari. mecnierTa nawili ZiriTad Taviseburebad miiCnevs antikur epoqaSi Camoyalibebul polisis struqturas, romelmac safuZveli Cauyara dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis struqturul-tipologiur gansxvavebas. polisi orientirebuli iyo moqalaqis kerZo sakuTrebasa da Tavisufali bazris institutebze, rac principulad ucnobi iyo aRmosavleTis nebismieri sazogadoebisaTvis 1 . mas daefuZna evropuli feodalizmi avtonomiuri qalaq-komunebiT, romlebic politikur brZolaSi damoukidebel subieqtebad gamodiodnen, rac agreTve ucnobi iyo sxva civilizaciebisaTvis. Camoyalibda erTiani mwkrivi antikuri polisidan — Sua saukuneebis saqalaqo komunebis gavliT — industriuli da postindustriuli sazogadoebisaken 2 . dasavlur da aradasavlur civilizaciaTa urTierTobis problema Tanamedrove etapze XX s-is bolo ori aTwleulis manZilze didi yuradReba eqceva civilizaciaTa da kulturaTa urTierTobis problemaTa Seswavlas. am sakiTxebs sxvadasxva kuTxiT ikvlevs kulturologia, sociologia, saistorio mecniereba. am mimarTulebiT mimdinare kvlevaTa da miRweuli Sedegebis popularizaciaSi makoordinirebel funqcias asrulebs `kulturaTSorisi komunikaciis kvlevisa da swavlebis saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba~ (SIETAR International), romelic yovelwliurad marTavs konferenciebs, gamoscems specialur Jurnals. cnobili germaneli mecnieris karl iaspersis Teoriis mixedviT, msoflios dayofas dasavleTad da aRmosavleTad safuZveli e.w. `RerZul droSi~ Caeyara, saidanac saTaves iRebs, agreTve erTiani, globaluri msoflio, rogorc im droisaTvis Soreuli perspeqtiva. swored maSin yalibdeba is ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi, romlebmac dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis saxe gansazRvres. rogorc wesi, samecniero literaturaSi es maxasiaTeblebi Semdeg opoziciur wyvilebad jgufdeba: individualizmi-koleqtivizmi, inovaciuroba-tradiciuloba, racionaloba-intuiciuroba, Tavisufleba-wesrigi, neba-fatalizmi, anTropocentrizmi-Teocentrizmi, materializmi-suliereba, pragmatizmi-idealizmi, obieqtivizmi-subieqtivizmi, dinamizmi-statikuroba, istorizmi-aistorizmi da sxv. aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi urTierTSeRwevadni gaxdnen, pirvel rigSi, xmelTaSuazRvispireTis arealSi, sadac aRmocenda didi civilizaciebi, maT Soris evropulic. rac Seexeba maxasiaTebelTa dajgufebas opoziciur wyvilebad, Tavis droze, p.sorokini miuTiTebda, rom aseTi diqotomiuri sqemebis gardauval nakls warmoadgens erTi tipis farglebSi erTmaneTisagan mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebuli socialur-kulturuli warmonaqmnebis Tavmoyra, agreTve did Tu mcire erTobaTa specifikis gamokveTis sirTule. Cveni azriT, es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis swored mcire kulturebze, romelTa ricxvs miekuTvneba qarTuli kultura da romelTa 1 Васильев Л.С. Восток и Запад в истории (Основные параметры проблематики). – В кн.: Альтернативные пути к цивилизации, с.104. 2 Драгунский Д.В., Цымбурский В.Л. Генотип европейской цивилизации. – В журн.: Политические исследования, М., 1991, № 1, с.7-8. 28
tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis mixedviT Znelad xerxdeba, miT umetes, Tu isini civilizaciaTa kontaqtis zonaSi mdebareoben. isic unda iTqvas, rom Znelia diqotomiuri sqemis `SenarCuneba~ erTi kulturis/civilizaciis mTeli istoriis manZilze, amitom saWiro xdeba damatebiTi determinantebis Semotana 1 . dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi TviTidentifikacias erTmaneTTan mimarTebaSi axdenen. swored civilizaciaTa urTierTobis procesSi gamoikveTeba TiToeuli kulturis identuroba. am procesSi xdeba faseulobaTa gadarCeva _ dromoWmulis mniSvnelobis dakargva da drois Sesabamis faseulobaTa aqtualizacia 2 . rogorc amerikeli mkvlevari j.stidmani aRniSnavs, dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi mudmivad urTierTqmedeben, iTviseben erTmaneTis faseulobebs, amdidreben erTmaneTs. aRmosavleTTan urTierTobam didi gavlena iqonia evropuli civilizaciis Camoyalibebaze 3 . d.Saieganis azriT, dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis didi kulturebis Seqmna warsulSi arsebul civilizaciaTa nayofieri dialogis Sedegi iyo 4 . a.pirenis sityviT, evropelTa Sexebam islamTan es ukanaskneli maTTvis `ucxos~ WeSmarit gansaxierebad aqcia, romlis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli, SemarTuli iyo mTeli evropuli civilizacia. pireni miuTiTebs muslimuri aRmosavleTis rolze evropuli civilizaciis CamoyalibebaSi: VII saukuneSi, islamis Semotevis Sedegad, daiwyo evropuli kulturis centris gadanacvleba xmelTaSuazRvispireTidan (romelic arabul provinciad iqca) CrdiloeTisaken. dasrulda romauli tradicia da saTave daedo TviTmyofad romanul-germanul civilizacias. evropa iqca did qristianul Tanamegobrobad, aRmosavleTi ki — misTvis kulturuli TvalsazrisiT ucxo, `sxva~ samyarod 5 . erTi sityviT, aRmosavleTi iyo is `sxva~, romelic daexmara dasavleTs (evropas) sakuTari raobis gansazRvraSi. aRmosavleTis daxasiaTebis, misi gansazRvris fonze dasavleTma, romlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia kritikuli TviTrefleqsia, SeimuSava sakuTari maxasiaTeblebic, gansazRvra sakuTari saxe. da mainc, zemoT CamoTvlili opoziciuri wyvilebi, iseve rogorc dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis nebismieri maxasiaTebeli, ZiriTadad, asaxavs dasavlelTa warmodgenas sakuTar Tavsa da aRmosavlelebad wodebul aradasavlelebze. es damokidebuleba samecniero literaturaSi orientalizmis saxeliTaa cnobili. miCneulia, rom mas safuZveli 1312 wels Caeyara, roca venis saeklesio krebam daadgina arabuli, berZnuli, Zvelebrauli da siriuli enebis kaTedraTa Seqmna parizis, oqsfordis, boloniis, avinionisa da salamankas universitetebSi. XIX s-is Sua xanebisaTvis evropaSi soliduri codna dagrovda aRmosavleTis Sesaxeb, magram igi, ZiriTadad, Zveli periodiT Semoifargleboda. Seiswavleboda Zveli wignebi, xelnawerebi, materialuri kulturis Zeglebi. Sesaswavl qveyanaSi Casul evropel mkvlevars eWvi ar epareboda Tavis `wignismier~ codnaSi, magram realoba sagrZnoblad gansxvavdeboda warmodgenisagan, adgilobrivi mkvidrni — literaturuli saxeebisagan. faqts axsna Wirdeboda da isic moiZebna: aborigenTa gadagvareba da odesRac didebuli kulturis daknineba. dasavleTis orientalisturi 1 Ерасов Б.С. О статусе культурно-цивилизационных исследований. – В сб.: цивилизации и культуры. Вып.1. Россия и Восток: цивилизационные отношения. М., 1994, с.15. 2 Василенко Н.А. Источники и механизмы согласия в межкультурном диалоге. – В сб.: Цивилизации и культуры. Вып.3. М., 1996, с.406. 3 Steadman J.M. The Myth of Azia. N.Y., 1969, p.26-27. 4 Shayegan D. The Challenges of Today and Cultural Identity. – East Asian Ciltural Studies. V-VI, 4, Tokyo, 1977, p.36-37. 5 cit.naSromidan: Said E.W. Orientalism. L., 1978, p.71. 29
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria kultura
- Page 3 and 4: sarCevi Tema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradicia tradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis mixedviT Znelad xerxdeba, miT umetes, Tu isini<br />
civilizaciaTa kontaqtis zonaSi mdebareoben.<br />
isic un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom Znelia diqotomiuri sqemis `SenarCuneba~ erTi kulturis/civilizaciis<br />
mTeli istoriis manZilze, amitom saWiro xdeba <strong>da</strong>matebiTi determinantebis<br />
Semotana 1 .<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTi <strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTi TviTidentifikacias erTmaneTTan mimarTebaSi axdenen.<br />
swored civilizaciaTa urTierTobis procesSi gamoikveTeba TiToeuli kulturis<br />
identuroba. am procesSi xdeba faseulobaTa ga<strong>da</strong>rCeva _ dromoWmulis mniSvnelobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kargva <strong>da</strong> drois Sesabamis faseulobaTa aqtualizacia 2 .<br />
rogorc amerikeli mkvlevari j.stidmani aRniSnavs, <strong>da</strong>savleTi <strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTi<br />
mudmivad urTierTqmedeben, iTviseben erTmaneTis faseulobebs, amdidreben<br />
erTmaneTs. aRmosavleTTan urTierTobam didi gavlena iqonia evropuli civilizaciis<br />
Camoyalibebaze 3 .<br />
d.Saieganis azriT, <strong>da</strong>savleTisa <strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTis didi kulturebis Seqmna<br />
warsulSi arsebul civilizaciaTa nayofieri dialogis Sedegi iyo 4 .<br />
a.pirenis sityviT, evropelTa Sexebam islamTan es ukanaskneli maTTvis `ucxos~<br />
WeSmarit gansaxierebad aqcia, romlis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, Sua saukuneebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
moyolebuli, SemarTuli iyo mTeli evropuli civilizacia. pireni miuTiTebs<br />
muslimuri aRmosavleTis rolze evropuli civilizaciis CamoyalibebaSi: VII<br />
saukuneSi, islamis Semotevis Sedegad, <strong>da</strong>iwyo evropuli kulturis centris<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>nacvleba xmelTaSuazRvispireTi<strong>da</strong>n (romelic arabul provinciad iqca)<br />
CrdiloeTisaken. <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong> romauli tradicia <strong>da</strong> saTave <strong>da</strong>edo TviTmyofad<br />
romanul-germanul civilizacias. evropa iqca did qristianul Tanamegobrobad,<br />
aRmosavleTi ki — misTvis kulturuli TvalsazrisiT ucxo, `sxva~ samyarod 5 .<br />
erTi sityviT, aRmosavleTi iyo is `sxva~, romelic <strong>da</strong>exmara <strong>da</strong>savleTs (evropas)<br />
sakuTari raobis gansazRvraSi. aRmosavleTis <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebis, misi gansazRvris fonze<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTma, romlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia kritikuli TviTrefleqsia,<br />
SeimuSava sakuTari maxasiaTeblebic, gansazRvra sakuTari saxe.<br />
<strong>da</strong> mainc, zemoT CamoTvlili opoziciuri wyvilebi, iseve rogorc <strong>da</strong>savleTisa <strong>da</strong><br />
aRmosavleTis nebismieri maxasiaTebeli, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, asaxavs <strong>da</strong>savlelTa warmodgenas<br />
sakuTar Tavsa <strong>da</strong> aRmosavlelebad wodebul ara<strong>da</strong>savlelebze. es <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
samecniero literaturaSi orientalizmis saxeliTaa cnobili. miCneulia, rom mas<br />
safuZveli 1312 wels Caeyara, roca venis saeklesio krebam <strong>da</strong>adgina arabuli,<br />
berZnuli, Zvelebrauli <strong>da</strong> siriuli enebis kaTedraTa Seqmna parizis, oqs<strong>for</strong>dis,<br />
boloniis, avinionisa <strong>da</strong> salamankas universitetebSi.<br />
XIX s-is Sua xanebisaTvis evropaSi soliduri codna <strong>da</strong>grov<strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTis<br />
Sesaxeb, magram igi, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, Zveli periodiT Semoifarglebo<strong>da</strong>. Seiswavlebo<strong>da</strong><br />
Zveli wignebi, xelnawerebi, materialuri kulturis Zeglebi. Sesaswavl qveyanaSi<br />
Casul evropel mkvlevars eWvi ar eparebo<strong>da</strong> Tavis `wignismier~ codnaSi, magram<br />
realoba sagrZnoblad gansxvavdebo<strong>da</strong> warmodgenisagan, adgilobrivi mkvidrni —<br />
literaturuli saxeebisagan. faqts axsna Wirdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> isic moiZebna: aborigenTa<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>gvareba <strong>da</strong> odesRac didebuli kulturis <strong>da</strong>knineba. <strong>da</strong>savleTis orientalisturi<br />
1<br />
Ерасов Б.С. О статусе культурно-цивилизационных исследований. – В сб.: цивилизации и культуры. Вып.1. Россия и<br />
Восток: цивилизационные отношения. М., 1994, с.15.<br />
2<br />
Василенко Н.А. Источники и механизмы согласия в межкультурном диалоге. – В сб.: Цивилизации и культуры. Вып.3. М.,<br />
1996, с.406.<br />
3<br />
Steadman J.M. The Myth of Azia. N.Y., 1969, p.26-27.<br />
4<br />
Shayegan D. The Challenges of To<strong>da</strong>y and Cultural Identity. – East Asian Ciltural Studies. V-VI, 4, Tokyo, 1977, p.36-37.<br />
5 cit.naSromi<strong>da</strong>n: Said E.W. Orientalism. L., 1978, p.71.<br />
29
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