kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kulturul- istoriuli maxasiaTeblebi dasavleTi aRmosavleTi materializmi suliereba sekularizacia religiuroba realizmi/pragmatizmi idealizmi obieqtivizmi subieqtivizmi pluralizmi monizmi racionaloba intuiciuroba bunebis damorCileba bunebasTan adaptacia dinamizmi statikuroba samarTali morali mecnieruli codna sakraluri codna Tavisufleba wesrigi neba fatalizmi anTropocentrizmi Teocentrizmi ra Tqma unda, Zneli warmosadgenia, rom es maxasiaTeblebi araTu mTel civilizacias, aramed erT konkretul kulturasac ki idealurad `miesadagos, magram Tu romelime kultura met-naklebad pasuxobs erT an meore `moTxovnebs~, mainc gveZleva misi tipologiurad gansazRvris saSualeba. radgan kulturuli maxasiaTeblebis gamovlena kulturaTa klasifikaciis erTerTi ZiriTadi safuZvelia, amitom unda SevexoT sakiTxs, romelic kulturuli maxasiaTeblis raobasa da mis kulturasTan urTierTmimarTebas exeba. kulturul maxasiaTebelTa kompleqsad SeiZleba miviCnioT ama Tu im sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli aracnobieri Tvisebebis erToblioba, romelic am sazogadoebis warmomadgeneli TiToeuli individis qcevasa da azrovnebis formaSi vlindeba da dakavSirebulia koleqtiuri fsiqikis fenomenTan. TvisebaTa es kompleqsi droSi met-naklebad ganicdis cvlilebebs, magram Tavisi ZiriTadi arsiT mdgradia da mas `erovnul~ an `kulturul xasiaTs~ uwodeben. a.baroninis ganmartebiT, erovnuli xasiaTi naciis fsiqikuri wyobis komponentia, romelic ganisazRvreba rogorc realobis sxvadasxva gamovlinebisadmi konkretuli eTnikuri erTobis urTierTobis (damokidebulebis) sistema, gamovlenili azrovnebis myar stereotipebSi, emociur reagirebasa da zogadad qcevaSi 1 . rogor xdeba kulturul maxasiaTebelTa kompleqsis formireba, Zneli saTqmelia. aq, albaT, ramdenime mniSvnelovani momenti moqmedebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia rogorc sazogadoebis Sinagani ganviTarebis specifikasTan, aseve gare faqtorebis (geografiuli da socialuri) zegavlenasTan, ufro sworad, maT urTierTzemoqmedebasTan. kulturul maxasiaTeblebs daaxloebiT saukunenaxevaria ikvleven eTnofsiqologebi da kulturis fsiqologebi. am maxasiaTebelTa erToba sxvadasxva terminiT aRiniSneba: erovnuli (xalxis) suli, erovnuli xasiaTi, kulturuli (eTnikuri) stereotipi, naciis fsiqikuri wyoba, mentaloba da a.S. magram unda iTqvas, rom es fenomeni kvlevisaTvis mainc `mouxelTebelia~, bolomde axsnili ar aris da, SesaZloa, arc eqvemdebareba aseT axsnas. rogorc individualuri xasiaTi ar SeiZleba zustad aixsnas, aseve (da miT ufro) warmoudgenelia koleqtiuri xasiaTis erTmniSvnelovnad gansazRvra. dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian samyaros xedviTa da masSi adamianis adgilis gansazRvriT; bunebis aRqmiTa da masze zemoqmedebis (misi Semecnebis) xerxebiT _ magiuri, racionaluri, teqnikuri Tu sxv.; individisa da 1 Баронин А.С. Этническая психология. Киев, 2000. с.254. 26
koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damokidebulebiT Sromisadmi; damokidebulebiT samarTlis rogorc socialur urTierTobaTa regulatorisadmi; amqveyniurisa da imqveyniuris urTierTmimarTebiT; damokidebulebiT sikvdilisadmi; religiurobis formebiT; istoriis aRqmiTa da misi mimarTulebis gaazrebiT (progresi, wrebrunva, regresi); damokidebulebiT mSoblebsa da Svilebs, Taobebs, saerTod, socialuri mTelis sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris da sxv. dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs kidev mravali maxasiaTebeli, maT Soris _ ierarqiuli urTierTobebi, informaciis gacvlis sxvadasxva wesi, araverbaluri komunikaciis sxvadasxva forma. es yvelaferi naTlad vlindeba ara mxolod filosofiuri Tu socialuri moZRvrebebis, an istoriuli warsulis aRqmis analizisas, aramed yofiT da saqmian urTierTobebSic. magaliTad, dasavluri kulturebi zustad gansazRvraven dros da dagvianeba danaSaulad Tu ara, araseriozul saqcielad iTvleba, aziis rig qveynebSi dagvianebiT veravis gaakvirveb, aq aCqareba saWiro ar aris. arabebi yavis smasa da saubars saqmis keTebad miiCneven, amerikelebi ki mas drois fuW flangvad Tvlian. Cinelebi da iaponelebi udides pativs scemen ierarqiul urTierTobebs, amerikelebi ki Tanasworobis xazgasmas cdiloben. amerikuli instruqciebi imasac ki iTvaliswinebs, rom aziis warmomadgenlebTan fotografirebis dros sasurvelia jdoma, raTa TvalSisacemi ar iyos simaRleSi sxvaoba. iaponelebs principulad ar SeuZliaT `ara~-s Tqma, radgan es maT kulturaSi uzrdelobad iTvleba, amitom molaparakebis dros isini aTasgvari zrdilobiani formiT cdiloben uaris Tqmis Tavidan acilebas, rasac xSirad SecdomaSi Seyavs maTi dasavleli partniorebi 1 . cxadia, rom nebismieri zemoT CamoTvlili niSniT romelime kulturis tipologiuri gansazRvra friad Znelia. kidev ufro rTuli warmosadgenia, rom esa Tu is kultura zustad `Cajdes~ maxasiaTebelTa mTel CamonaTvalSi. Cven mxolod romelime tipisadmi misi zogadi kuTvnilebis gansazRvra SegviZlia, isic pirobiTad. magaliTad, Tvalis erTi gadavlebiTac aSkaraa, rom qarTul kulturas zog SemTxvevaSi dasavluri maxasiaTeblebi miesadageba, zogSi — aRmosavluri, xan ki arc erTi da arc meore. es bunebrivicaa, radgan dasavleT-aRmosavleTis mijnaze mdebareobisa da xan erTis, xan meoris orbitaSi moqcevis gamo, Cvens kulturaSi `daileqa~ rogorc erTis, ise meoris damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi da gamomuSavda kidev mesame — orivesgan gansxvavebuli Tvisebebi. unda iTqvas, rom aRmosavlur da dasavlur civilizaciaTa tipologiuri gamijvnis sakiTxi sabolood garkveuli ar aris. i.pavlenko aRniSnavs, rom Tu aRmosavlur sazogadoebaTa buneba, ase Tu ise, gamoikveTa bolo aTwleulebis gamokvlevaTa Sedegad, sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom iqca dasavleTi dasavleTad, jer kidev elis Seswavlas 2 . albaT, pavlenko sabWoTa da rus mkvlevarTa ukanaskneli aTwleulis naSromebs gulisxbobs, Torem kiTxvaze, Tu ratom iqca dasavleTi dasavleTad, Zalian saintereso pasuxi aqvs gacemuli maqs vebers 3 . evropeli da rusi mkvlevrebi aRniSnaven, rom evropulma (dasavlurma) civilizaciam gansakuTrebuli roli Seasrula kacobriobis istoriaSi, romelic ar icnobs sxva civilizacias esoden masStaburi, msoflio wesrigis ganmsazRvreli gavleniT. Tu XIX saukunemde, Spenglerisa da toinbis kvaldakval, kidev SeiZleba msoflio istoriis danawevreba calkeul, erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel 1 Почепцов Г.Г. Теории коммуникации. М.-Киев, 2001, с.600-603. 2 Павленко Ю.В. Происхождение цивилизаций: Альтернативные пути. – В кн.: Альтернативные пути к цивилизации. Коллект. монография, под ред. Н.Н.Крадина, А.В.Коротаева, Д.М.Бондаренко, В.А.Лынши. М., 2000, с.127. 3 Вебер М. Протестантская этика и дух капитализма. – Избранные произведения. М., 1990, с. 61-344. 27
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria kultura
- Page 3 and 4: sarCevi Tema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradicia tradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT Sromisadmi; <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT<br />
samarTlis rogorc socialur urTierTobaTa regulatorisadmi; amqveyniurisa <strong>da</strong><br />
imqveyniuris urTierTmimarTebiT; <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT sikvdilisadmi; religiurobis<br />
<strong>for</strong>mebiT; istoriis aRqmiTa <strong>da</strong> misi mimarTulebis gaazrebiT (progresi, wrebrunva,<br />
regresi); <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebiT mSoblebsa <strong>da</strong> Svilebs, Taobebs, saerTod, socialuri<br />
mTelis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva jgufebs Soris <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTsa <strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTs erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs kidev mravali<br />
maxasiaTebeli, maT Soris _ ierarqiuli urTierTobebi, in<strong>for</strong>maciis gacvlis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wesi, araverbaluri komunikaciis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>for</strong>ma. es yvelaferi naTlad<br />
vlindeba ara mxolod filosofiuri Tu socialuri moZRvrebebis, an istoriuli<br />
warsulis aRqmis analizisas, aramed yofiT <strong>da</strong> saqmian urTierTobebSic. magaliTad,<br />
<strong>da</strong>savluri kulturebi zustad gansazRvraven dros <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gvianeba <strong>da</strong>naSaulad Tu ara,<br />
araseriozul saqcielad iTvleba, aziis rig qveynebSi <strong>da</strong>gvianebiT veravis gaakvirveb,<br />
aq aCqareba saWiro ar aris. arabebi yavis smasa <strong>da</strong> saubars saqmis keTebad miiCneven,<br />
amerikelebi ki mas drois fuW flangvad Tvlian. Cinelebi <strong>da</strong> iaponelebi udides pativs<br />
scemen ierarqiul urTierTobebs, amerikelebi ki Tanasworobis xazgasmas cdiloben.<br />
amerikuli instruqciebi imasac ki iTvaliswinebs, rom aziis warmomadgenlebTan<br />
fotografirebis dros sasurvelia jdoma, raTa TvalSisacemi ar iyos simaRleSi<br />
sxvaoba. iaponelebs principulad ar SeuZliaT `ara~-s Tqma, radgan es maT <strong>kultura</strong>Si<br />
uzrdelobad iTvleba, amitom molaparakebis dros isini aTasgvari zrdilobiani<br />
<strong>for</strong>miT cdiloben uaris Tqmis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebas, rasac xSirad SecdomaSi Seyavs maTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleli partniorebi 1 .<br />
cxadia, rom nebismieri zemoT CamoTvlili niSniT romelime kulturis<br />
tipologiuri gansazRvra friad Znelia. kidev ufro rTuli warmosadgenia, rom esa Tu<br />
is <strong>kultura</strong> zustad `Cajdes~ maxasiaTebelTa mTel CamonaTvalSi. Cven mxolod<br />
romelime tipisadmi misi zogadi kuTvnilebis gansazRvra SegviZlia, isic pirobiTad.<br />
magaliTad, Tvalis erTi ga<strong>da</strong>vlebiTac aSkaraa, rom qarTul <strong>kultura</strong>s zog<br />
SemTxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>savluri maxasiaTeblebi miesa<strong>da</strong>geba, zogSi — aRmosavluri, xan ki arc<br />
erTi <strong>da</strong> arc meore. es bunebrivicaa, radgan <strong>da</strong>savleT-aRmosavleTis mijnaze<br />
mdebareobisa <strong>da</strong> xan erTis, xan meoris orbitaSi moqcevis gamo, Cvens <strong>kultura</strong>Si<br />
`<strong>da</strong>ileqa~ rogorc erTis, ise meoris <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli niSnebi <strong>da</strong> gamomuSav<strong>da</strong> kidev<br />
mesame — orivesgan gansxvavebuli Tvisebebi.<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom aRmosavlur <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savlur civilizaciaTa tipologiuri gamijvnis<br />
sakiTxi sabolood garkveuli ar aris. i.pavlenko aRniSnavs, rom Tu aRmosavlur<br />
sazogadoebaTa buneba, ase Tu ise, gamoikveTa bolo aTwleulebis gamokvlevaTa<br />
Sedegad, sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom iqca <strong>da</strong>savleTi <strong>da</strong>savleTad, jer kidev elis<br />
Seswavlas 2 . albaT, pavlenko sabWoTa <strong>da</strong> rus mkvlevarTa ukanaskneli aTwleulis<br />
naSromebs gulisxbobs, Torem kiTxvaze, Tu ratom iqca <strong>da</strong>savleTi <strong>da</strong>savleTad, Zalian<br />
saintereso pasuxi aqvs gacemuli maqs vebers 3 .<br />
evropeli <strong>da</strong> rusi mkvlevrebi aRniSnaven, rom evropulma (<strong>da</strong>savlurma)<br />
civilizaciam gansakuTrebuli roli Seasrula kacobriobis istoriaSi, romelic ar<br />
icnobs sxva civilizacias esoden masStaburi, msoflio wesrigis ganmsazRvreli<br />
gavleniT. Tu XIX saukunemde, Spenglerisa <strong>da</strong> toinbis kval<strong>da</strong>kval, kidev SeiZleba<br />
msoflio istoriis <strong>da</strong>nawevreba calkeul, erTmaneTisagan <strong>da</strong>moukidebel<br />
1 Почепцов Г.Г. Теории коммуникации. М.-Киев, 2001, с.600-603.<br />
2 Павленко Ю.В. Происхождение цивилизаций: Альтернативные пути. – В кн.: Альтернативные пути к цивилизации.<br />
Коллект. монография, под ред. Н.Н.Крадина, А.В.Коротаева, Д.М.Бондаренко, В.А.Лынши. М., 2000, с.127.<br />
3 Вебер М. Протестантская этика и дух капитализма. – Избранные произведения. М., 1990, с. 61-344.<br />
27
Change language