kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
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ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrcelebulia zemoT motanili Tvalsazrisi<br />
qarTvelTa personalizmisa <strong>da</strong> individualistobis Sesaxeb, magram, fsiqologTa mier<br />
SemoTavazebuli klasifikaciiT, `saqarTvelo warmoadgens klasikur `mcirejgufovan~<br />
koleqtivistur <strong>kultura</strong>s~, sa<strong>da</strong>c ZiriTad socialur erTeuls Seadgens naTesaoba,<br />
samegobro, nacnobTa wre <strong>da</strong> yoveldRiur cxovrebas gansazRvravs swored am jufebSi<br />
arsebuli normebi 1 . sazogadoebis wevrTa aseTi normebi saukuneTa manZilze<br />
yalibdebo<strong>da</strong>, roca saqarTvelo (misi calkeuli nawilebi) <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli ar iyo <strong>da</strong><br />
qveynisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxebi mis farglebs gareT wydebo<strong>da</strong>. calkeuli<br />
individis azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> pasuxismgeblobis sivrce zemoT <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli jgufebiT<br />
Semoifarglebo<strong>da</strong> (anu sakmaod viwro iyo) <strong>da</strong> TiTqmis ar vrceldebo<strong>da</strong> ufro did<br />
socialur erTobaze _ saxelmwifoze an erze <strong>da</strong>, miT umetes, iseT abstraqtul<br />
normaze, rogoricaa kanoni 2 .<br />
vfiqrobT, g.niJaraZis mier aRniSnuli maxasiaTebeli sayuradReboa <strong>da</strong>, Tanac,<br />
konkretuli maxasiaTeblis <strong>da</strong>dgenis mcdeloba winga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli nabijia Cveni<br />
kulturis xasiaTis gansazRvris rTul gzaze, radgan igi ar warmoadgens mxolod<br />
dReisaTvis aSkara faqtis konstatacias (Tun<strong>da</strong>c kanonTan <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT), aramed iZleva erTgvar gasaRebsac am maxasiaTeblis istoriuli<br />
Camoyalibebis asaxsnelad.<br />
cxadia, ar vapirebT fsiqologTa <strong>da</strong> sociologTa kompetenciis farglebSi SeWras,<br />
magram Tavs uflebas mivcemT gamovTqvaT azri, rom aucilebelia, pirvel rigSi,<br />
mkafiod ganisazRvros, ara SeiZleba CaiTvalos kulturis (sazogadoebis)<br />
maxasiaTebliad <strong>da</strong> ra _ am maxasiaTeblis praqtikul gamovlinebad, realizaciad, misi<br />
moqmedebis Sedegad. sxvagvarad Tavs ver <strong>da</strong>vaRwevT aRrevasa <strong>da</strong> bundovanebas,<br />
romelic arc Tu iSviTia qarTuli kulturis xasiaTze msjelobis dros. magaliTad,<br />
g.niJaraZesTan kanonisa <strong>da</strong> yofis erTmaneTisagan <strong>da</strong>Soreba qarTuli kulturis erTerTi<br />
maxasiaTeblis _ mcirejgufovan-koleqtivisturi xasiaTis _ gamovlinebad <strong>da</strong><br />
Sedegad warmogvidgeba, e.jgerenaiasTan ki _ Tavad ZiriTad maxasiaTeblad (`qarTuli<br />
sazogadoebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli niSani werilobiT mocemuli normebis<br />
(kanonis) <strong>da</strong> yofis erTmaneTisagan maqsimaluri <strong>da</strong>Sorebulobaa~, _ aRniSnavs igi 3 ).<br />
Cveni azriT, pirveli midgoma ufro mkafioa <strong>da</strong> kulturis maxasiaTebelTa<br />
gansazRvrisaTvis ukeTes SesaZleblobas iZleva.<br />
Cveulebriv, individualizms <strong>da</strong>savlur, koleqtivizms ki aRmosavlur maxasiaTeblad<br />
miiCneven. aseTi <strong>da</strong>yofa, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, pirobiTia. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, yuradRebas<br />
imsaxurebs Semdegi garemoeba. literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom sazogadoebis<br />
koleqtivisturi orientacia <strong>da</strong>, saerTod, cxovrebis wesi, kacobriobisaTvis<br />
gacilebiT ufro reprezentatiulia, vidre individualizmi, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mis<br />
ufro xangrZliv droiT perspeqtivas <strong>da</strong> sivrciT ganfenilobas sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveyanaSi 4 .<br />
XVI saukunemde <strong>da</strong>savluri kulturebic mkafio koleqtivisturi orientaciiT<br />
xasiaTdebodnen, individualisturi tendenciebi mxolod amis Semdeg iCens Tavs 5 .<br />
`Sua saukuneebis <strong>da</strong>savleTi iseTive `ara<strong>da</strong>savluri~ iyo, rogorc mTeli <strong>da</strong>narCeni<br />
msoflio~, _ wers n.muzaSvili. Semdeg misi saxe Secvala renesansisa <strong>da</strong> re<strong>for</strong>maciis<br />
procesebma, romlebic <strong>da</strong>upirispir<strong>da</strong> `Suasaukuneobrivi koleqtivizmis citadels _<br />
saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> eklesiis simbiozs. am Widils SeiZleba individualizmisa <strong>da</strong><br />
1 niJaraZe g. politikuri qceva saqarTveloSi. _ Jurn.: epoqa (sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebi). Tb., 2001, 1, gv.7.<br />
2 niJaraZe g. politikuri qceva saqarTveloSi, gv.7.<br />
3 jgerenaia e. qarTuli sufris sociofilosofia <strong>da</strong> zogierTi sxva ram. _ gaz.: “meridiani”, Tb., 2001, 27, gv.8.<br />
4 surmaniZe l. individualisturi <strong>da</strong> koleqtivisturi sazogadoebebi (Teoriuli modelebi <strong>da</strong> empiriuli<br />
kvlevebi). Tb., 2001, gv.7.<br />
5 Гуревич А.Я. Категории средневековой культуры. М., 1984.<br />
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